![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si1.gif\" "\\"\\"")
The amount of time an animal spends in particular areas is an important aspect of estimating its home range and activity pattern. Calculations of home range using the harmonic mean can be modified to reflect the amount of time or the type of activity observed at each location. The relative time spent at each location may be used to calculate a time-weighted harmonic home range and associated use pattern. This time-weighted harmonic mean approach provides a method for incorporating bursts of relocation data into a home range analysis or identifying activity areas within the home range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801664","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M.D., and Garton, E., 1987, Incorporating activity time in harmonic home range analysis: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 51, no. 1, p. 254-257, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801664.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garton, Edward O.","contributorId":272292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garton","given":"Edward O.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121883,"text":"70121883 - 1987 - Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T09:06:48","indexId":"70121883","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T09:04:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California","docAbstract":"Sequoia National Park has monitored wet deposition chemistry in conjunction with the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network (NADP/NTN), on a weekly basis since July, 1980. Annual deposition of H, NO3 and SO4 (0.045, 3.6, and 3.9 kg ha−1 a−1, respectively) is relatively low compared to that measured in the eastern United States, or in the urban Los Angeles and San Francisco areas. Weekly ion concentrations are highly variable. Maximum concentrations of 324,162, and 156 μeq ol−1 of H, NO3 and SO4 have been recorded for one low volume summer storm (1.4 mm). Summer concentrations of NO3 and SO4 average two and five times higher, respectively, than concentrations reported for remote areas in the world. There is considerable variability in the ionic concentration of low volume samples, and much less variability in moderate and high volume samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(67)90084-4","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., and Parsons, D.J., 1987, Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California: Atmospheric Environment, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1369-1374, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(67)90084-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1374","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292929,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(67)90084-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.919577,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.291376 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4de9e4b0413fd75d6b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, David J.","contributorId":39249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182503,"text":"70182503 - 1987 - Use of slope, aspect, and elevation maps derived from digital elevation model data in making soil surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T15:36:07","indexId":"70182503","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of slope, aspect, and elevation maps derived from digital elevation model data in making soil surveys","docAbstract":"Maps showing different classes of slope, aspect, and elevation were developed from U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation model data. The classes were displayed on clear Mylar at 1:24 000-scale and registered with topographic maps and orthophotos. The maps were used with aerial photographs, topographic maps, and other resource data to determine their value in making order-three soil surveys. They were tested on over 600 000 ha in Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada under various climatic and topographic conditions. Field evaluations showed that the maps developed from digital elevation model data were accurate, except for slope class maps where slopes were <4%. The maps were useful to soil scientists, especially where (i) class boundaries coincided with soil changes, landform delineations, land use and management separations, and vegetation changes, and (ii) rough terrain and dense vegetation made it difficult to traverse the area. In hot, arid areas of sparse vegetation, the relationship of slope classes to kinds of soil and vegetation was less significant.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c7","usgsCitation":"Klingebiel, A.A., Horvath, E.H., Moore, D.G., and Reybold, W., 1987, Use of slope, aspect, and elevation maps derived from digital elevation model data in making soil surveys, chap. of Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c7.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dbe4b01ccd54fb2813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klingebiel, A. A.","contributorId":74006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingebiel","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horvath, E. H.","contributorId":182374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horvath","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reybold, W.U.","contributorId":182372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reybold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015267,"text":"70015267 - 1987 - Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T16:43:54.739798","indexId":"70015267","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1761,"text":"Geoexploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings","docAbstract":"A general procedure for computing the effect of non-zero turn-off time on the transient electromagnetic response is presented which can be applied to forward and inverse calculation methods for any transmitter-receiver configuration. We consider in detail the case of a large transmitter loop which has a receiver coil located at the center of the loop (central induction or in-loop array). For a linear turn-off ramp of width t0, the voltage response is shown to be the voltage due to an ideal step turn-off averaged over windows of width t0. Thus the effect is similar to that obtained by using averaging windows in the receiver. In general when time zero is taken to be the end of the ramp, the apparent resistivity increases for a homogeneous half-space over a limited time range. For time zero taken to be the start of the ramp the apparent resistivity is affected in the opposite direction. The effect of the ramp increases with increasing t0 and first-layer resistivity, is largest during the intermediate stage, and decreases with increasing time. It is shown that for a ramp turn-off, there is no effect in the early and late stages. For two-layered models with a resistive first layer (ρ1>ρ2), the apparent resistivity is increased in the intermediate stage. When the first layer is more conductive than the second layer (ρ1<ρ2) and the layer thickness is comparable or greater than the loop radius, similar results are obtained; however, when the layer is thin compared to the loop radius the apparent resistivity is initially decreased and then increases as time increases. Examples are presented which illustrate the strong influence of the geoelectrical section on the turn-off effect. Neglecting the turn-off ramp will affect data interpretation as shown by field examples; the influence is the greatest on near-surface layer parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7142(87)90087-1","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., and Anderson, W.L., 1987, Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings: Geoexploration, v. 24, no. 2, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7142(87)90087-1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0627e4b0c8380cd51112","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014219,"text":"70014219 - 1987 - Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:27:25","indexId":"70014219","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","docAbstract":"The effects of three methods of data selection upon the assumed main field levels for geomagnetic observatory records used in main field modeling were investigated for a year of very low solar-terrestrial activity. The first method concerned the differences between the year's average of quiet day field values and the average of all values during the year. For H these differences were 2-3 gammas, for D they were -0.04 to -0.12???, for Z the differences were negligible. The second method of selection concerned the effects of the daytime internal Sq variations upon the daily mean values of field. The midnight field levels when the Sq currents were a minimum deviated from the daily mean levels by as much as 4-7 gammas in H and Z but were negligible for D. The third method of selection was designed to avoid the annual and semi-annual quiet level changes of field caused by the seasonal changes in the magnetosphere. Contributions from these changes were found to be as much as 4-7 gammas in quiet years and expected to be greater than 10 gammas in active years. Suggestions for improved methods of improved data selection in main field modeling are given. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1987, Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 193-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0.","startPage":"193","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0"},{"id":226007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b929ae4b08c986b319fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015218,"text":"70015218 - 1987 - Subsidence, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of Georges Bank basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T17:28:18.801904","indexId":"70015218","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidence, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of Georges Bank basin","docAbstract":"A geophysical study of Georges Bank basin defines a deep crustal structure that is interpreted in terms of the basin's tectonic and thermal history. Gravity models along three basin cross sections delineate two zones of crustal thinning at the basement hinge zone and oceanic crustal margins. These two zones bound rift-stage crust (about 25 km thick) which underlies the central portion of the basin. Subsidence analysis of the basin, using data from multichannel seismic reflection lines and two COST wells, suggests a rifting and (uniform) extensional origin. Two-dimensional finite difference modeling of the basin defines a crustal structure that concurs with the gravity and subsidence studies. The resulting isotherms show no major changes in the thermal structure since the ate Jurassic. In some areas of the basin, temperatures sufficient for oil generation are determined from maturation studies of Jurassic sediments. Hydrocarbon generation is questionable, however, because of the probable lack of proper and sufficient kerogen in the Jurassic deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/94887893-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Swift, B.A., Sawyer, D.S., Grow, J.A., and Klitgord, K.D., 1987, Subsidence, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of Georges Bank basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 6, p. 702-718, https://doi.org/10.1306/94887893-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"718","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafa1e4b0c8380cd876d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, B. Ann","contributorId":92685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, D. S.","contributorId":43875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014204,"text":"70014204 - 1987 - The geomagnetic jerk of 1969 and the DGRFs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:25:01","indexId":"70014204","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geomagnetic jerk of 1969 and the DGRFs","docAbstract":"Cubic spline fits to the DGRF/IGRF series indicate agreement with other analyses showing the 1969-1970 magnetic jerk in the h ??12 and g ??02 secular change coefficients, and agreement that the h ??11 term showed no sharp change. The variation of the g ??01 term is out of phase with other analyses indicating a likely error in its representation in the 1965-1975 interval. We recommend that future derivations of the 'definitive' geomagnetic reference models take into consideration the times of impulses or jerks so as to not be bound to a standard 5 year interval, and otherwise to make more considered analyses before adopting sets of coefficients. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90163-4","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D., and Cain, J., 1987, The geomagnetic jerk of 1969 and the DGRFs: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 386-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90163-4.","startPage":"386","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267333,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90163-4"},{"id":225761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac7ee4b08c986b323525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, D.","contributorId":33678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, J.C.","contributorId":68457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014206,"text":"70014206 - 1987 - Assessment of models proposed for the 1985 revision of the international geomagnetic reference field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:25:52","indexId":"70014206","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of models proposed for the 1985 revision of the international geomagnetic reference field","docAbstract":"Geomagnetic measurements from land, marine and aerial surveys conducted in the years 1945-1964 were used to test the 14 models proposed as additions, for that period, to the series of definitive geomagnetic reference field (DGRF) models. Overall, NASA's 'SFAS' models and the BGS (British Geological Survey) models agree best with these data. Comparisons of the two proposed definitive main-field models for 1980.0, with each other and with the existing IGRF 1980 main-field model, show mostly close agreement, with the greatest absolute differences (several tens of nanotesla) occurring in the region of Antarctica. Comparison of the the three proposed forecast secular-variation models for 1985-1990 with estimates of recent rates of change at 148 magnetic observatories shows that the IZMIRAN (U.S.S.R.) and USGS models are in closest agreement with these data. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90156-7","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Peddie, N., and Zunde, A., 1987, Assessment of models proposed for the 1985 revision of the international geomagnetic reference field: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 330-337, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90156-7.","startPage":"330","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267334,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90156-7"},{"id":225819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee41e4b0c8380cd49c61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peddie, N.W.","contributorId":75911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"N.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zunde, A.K.","contributorId":21946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zunde","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014745,"text":"70014745 - 1987 - Sulfur and lead isotope studies of stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Anvil Range, Yukon: Basinal brine exhalation and anoxic bottom-water mixing (Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T18:00:39.451468","indexId":"70014745","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur and lead isotope studies of stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Anvil Range, Yukon: Basinal brine exhalation and anoxic bottom-water mixing (Canada)","docAbstract":"Five stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits are known in Early Cambrian metapelitic rocks along a curvilinear trend in the Anvil Range, central Yukon. The Anvil Range deposits occur along the southwestern boundary of the Selwyn basin in the stratigraphic transition zone between metapelites of the Mt. Mye unit and calcareous phyllites of the overlying Vangorda unit. The massive sulfides are associated closely with anomalously thick graphitic phyllites, apparently related to a second-order basin. A typical Anvil cycle of mineralization begins with a ribbon-banded graphitic-quartzitic-pyritic unit. This grades upward into sulfide-bearing quartzite, quartzitic massive sulfide, massive sulfide, and finally a baritic massive sulfide horizon. Sericitic alteration envelopes irregularly encompass each deposit and locally are developed best in footwall rocks. Detailed sulfur isotope studies have been carried out on the DY and Grum deposits and on one representative drill hole from the Faro deposit. The delta 34 S values of sulfide minerals generally range from 10 to 22 per mil and are similar in all three deposits. The delta 34 S values of pyrite in unmineralized samples from the district exhibit a wider range, from 6 to 34 per mil, and show distinct upward stratigraphic increase due to a stagnation cycle in the basin. The delta 34 S values of barite samples are strongly dependent on bottom-water conditions and mode of mixing during brine exhalation. They range from 22 to 26 per mil in the Faro deposit to 36 to 42 per mil in the DY deposit. These variations are due to mixing of isotopically light sulfate (18-20ppm) in Ba-bearing ore fluid and isotopically heavy residual sulfate (30-60ppm) in anoxic seawater. Thirty-eight samples of galena from the DY, Grum, Faro, SB, and Swim deposits have been analyzed for lead isotope ratios. In general, the lead isotope ratio data indicate an upper crustal lead source, with the Proterozoic Grit unit which is inferred to underlie the district being the most likely source rock. A small component of mantle leads from mafic igneous rocks or due to source rock inhomogeneity is also indicated. Graphitic host lithologies, lack of stratiform iron oxides, delta 34 S values of sedimentary pyrite, and sulfide sulfur-organic carbon variations in unmineralized cores indicate formation of the Anvil deposits in strongly reduced bottom water related to a previously unknown Early Cambrian anoxic event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.82.3.600","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Woodruff, L.G., Jilson, G., Jennings, D., Modene, J., and Ryan, B., 1987, Sulfur and lead isotope studies of stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Anvil Range, Yukon: Basinal brine exhalation and anoxic bottom-water mixing (Canada): Economic Geology, v. 82, no. 3, p. 600-634, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.3.600.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dcee4b08c986b31daba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jilson, G.A.","contributorId":78096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jilson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, D.S.","contributorId":24503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Modene, J.S.","contributorId":97642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modene","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, B.D.","contributorId":7017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014799,"text":"70014799 - 1987 - Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:28:14.555708","indexId":"70014799","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California","docAbstract":"Large crescentic dunes that resemble barchans have been discovered within elongate scour depressions on the northern California inner continental shelf by using side-scan sonar. These dunes appear to be migrating obliquely to the regional shelf gradient; a preferred offshore direction of transport is indicated by the extended southern wings of many dunes. The isolated dunes and the scour depressions that contain them are located seaward of sea-floor outcrops off rocky capes and sea stacks. Repeated side-scan sonar records spanning four years (1981–1985) indicate that the dunes and bounding sidewalls of the scour depressions were somewhat modified, but the overall alteration to the bottom morphology during this period was only moderate to undetectable. The apparent low height of the dunes is consistent with a low migration speed. Over longer time periods (decades), the seaward transport of fine to medium sand in the crescentic dunes is probably an important way by which sand escapes the shallow part of the continental shelf in this region and mixes with the muddy deposits of the central shelf.
The possibility that snowmelt could have provided liquid water for valley network formation early in the history of Mars is investigated using an optical-thermal model developed for dusty snowpacks at temperate latitudes. The heating of the postulated snow is assumed to be driven primarily by the absorption of solar radiation during clear sky conditions. Radiative heating rates are predicted as a function of depth and shown to be sensitive to the dust concentration and the size of the ice grains while the thermal conductivity is controlled by temperature, atmospheric pressure, and bulk density. Rates of metamorphism indicate that fresh fine-grained snow on Mars would evolve into moderately coarse snow during a single summer season. Results from global climate models are used to constrain the mean-annual surface temperatures for snow and the atmospheric exchange terms in the surface energy balance. Mean-annual temperatures within Martian snowpacks fail to reach the melting point for all atmospheric pressures below 1000 mbar despite a predicted temperature enhancement beneath the surface of the snowpacks. When seasonal and diurnal variations in the incident solar flux are included in the model, melting occurs at midday during the summer for a wide range of snow types and atmospheric pressures if the dust levels in the snow exceed 100 ppmw (parts per million by weight). The optimum dust concentration appears to be about 1000 ppmw. With this dust load, melting can occur in the upper few centimeters of a dense coarse-grained snow at atmospheric pressures as low as 7 mbar. Snowpack thickness and the thermal conductivity of the underlying substrate determine whether the generated snow-melt can penetrate to the snowpack base, survive basal ice formation, and subsequently become available for runoff. Under favorable conditions, liquid water becomes available for runoff at atmospheric pressures as low as 30 to 100 mbar if the substrate is composed of regolith, as is expected in the ancient cratered terrain of Mars.
Prediction of yield is a critical component of fisheries management. The development of sound yield prediction methodology and the application of the results of yield prediction are central to the evolution of strategies to achieve stated goals for Great Lakes fisheries and to the measurement of progress toward those goals. Despite general availability of species yield models, yield prediction for many Great Lakes fisheries has been poor due to the instability of the fish communities and the inadequacy of available data. A host of biological, institutional, and societal factors constrain both the development of sound predictions and their application to management. Improved predictive capability requires increased stability of Great Lakes fisheries through rehabilitation of well-integrated communities, improvement of data collection, data standardization and information-sharing mechanisms, and further development of the methodology for yield prediction. Most important is the creation of a better-informed public that will in turn establish the political will to do what is required.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f87-342","usgsCitation":"Lewis, C., Schupp, D., Taylor, W., Collins, J., and Hatch, R.W., 1987, Predicting Great Lakes fish yields: tools and constraints: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 44, no. Suppl. 2, p. 411-416, https://doi.org/10.1139/f87-342.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"416","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"Suppl. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b2d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, C.A.","contributorId":85927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schupp, D.H.","contributorId":99943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, W.W.","contributorId":61002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, J.J.","contributorId":67844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatch, Richard W.","contributorId":82245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014753,"text":"70014753 - 1987 - Integration of channel and floodplain suites. I. Developmental sequence and lateral relations of alluvial paleosols.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T23:17:44.363198","indexId":"70014753","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of channel and floodplain suites. I. Developmental sequence and lateral relations of alluvial paleosols.","docAbstract":"The lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, northwest Wyoming, consists of about 770 m of alluvial rocks that exhibit extensive mechanical and geochemical modifications resulting from Eocene pedogenesis. Willwood paleosols vary considerably in their relative degrees of maturity; maturity is defined as stage of development as a function of the amount of time required to form. Five arbitrary stages are proposed to distinguish these soils of different maturities in the Willwood Formation. Stage 1 soils, the least mature, are entisols; stage 2 and stage 3 soils are intermediate in maturity and are probably alfisols; and stage 4 and stage 5 soils, the most mature, are spodosols. These stages are not only time-progressive elements of an in situ maturation sequence for Willwood soil formation, but, in the lateral dimension, they are also usually distributed sequentially. Study of Willwood paleosols indicates that an inverse relationship exists between soil maturity and short-term sediment accumulation rate. The least mature Willwood paleosols formed in areas of relatively high net rates of sediment accumulation on 1) channel, levee, and crevasse-splay sediments of the proximal alluvial ridge, and 2) deposits filling large and small paleovalleys formed by major episodes of gullying (lowered baselevels). In contrast, the fine-grained sediments of the distal floodplain, where net sediment accumulation rates were relatively low, experienced development of much more mature soils. Soils of intermediate maturities occur in the order of their stage on intervening proximal floodplain and distal alluvial ridge sediments. Adjacent bodies of sedimentary rock that differ in their ancient soil properties because of distance from areas of relatively high sediment accumulation are denoted by the new term pedofacies . The remarkable sequence of paleosols in the Willwood Formation clearly illustrates several important principles of soil-sediment interrelationships in aggrading alluvial systems that have broad application to other deposits. This is especially true in view of the widespread distribution of paleosols in nearly all ancient fluvial rocks. Further study of Willwood paleosols will not only enable precise lateral correlation of coeval alluvial sediments, and thereby fluvial sedimentary events, from the distal to the proximal realms of the floodplain but will also contribute to increasingly informative evaluations of the nature, tempo, and mode of alluvial succession.
This paper describes a stochastic computer model that simulates recruitment of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) under different habitat conditions and management scenarios. The model incorporates several environmental phenomena and biological relations that affect mallard recruitment. Major events include arrival of mallards in the spring, daily survival of hens, initiation of nests, selection of nest sites, survival of nests until hatching, and survival of broods until fledging. The model was originally developed as a tool for synthesizing the results of research. Subsequently, we applied the model to a variety of management situations. We also describe the sources of estimates used in the model, evaluate its sensitivity to input parameters, and review some practical applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(87)90100-1","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D., Sparling, D.W., and Cowardin, L.M., 1987, A model of the productivity of the mallard duck: Ecological Modelling, v. 38, no. 3/4, p. 257-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(87)90100-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":215650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowardin, Lewis M.","contributorId":34574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168706,"text":"70168706 - 1987 - Earthquakes, May-June 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-25T15:45:18","indexId":"70168706","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, May-June 1987","docAbstract":"There were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period but earthquake related deaths were reported in Italy, Iran, and the Philippine Islands.
\nIn the United States a moderate earthquake occurred in southern Illinois and caused some damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1987, Earthquakes, May-June 1987: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 19, no. 3, p. 110-112.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d033d5e4b015c306ee0eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000529,"text":"1000529 - 1987 - Prey fish dynamics and salmonine predator growth in Lake Ontario, 1978-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T15:51:43","indexId":"1000529","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey fish dynamics and salmonine predator growth in Lake Ontario, 1978-84","docAbstract":"The size of hatchery-reared brown trout (Salmo trutta) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), 1 yr after release in Lake Ontario, declined when the stocking of salmonines was increased between 1978 and 1984. The principal prey species, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), failed to show the expected, predator-induced downturn in abundance. Instead, rainbow smelt remained moderately abundant and alewives very abundant. During this period, alewife year-classes were small, survival of yearling alewives was poor, growth of young-of-the-year of both alewives and rainbow smelt was slow (growth of most older alewives ceased), and rainbow smelt numbers gradually increased (the much larger alewife population presumably buffered older rainbow smelt from predation by large piscivores). When adult alewife numbers were halved by a winter die-off, the subsequent year-class of alewives was large and growth of brown trout during their first year in the lake increased. This suggested a causal relation between abundance of young alewives and brown trout growth. In the first year coho salmon were at liberty, their growth was related to abundance of young-of-the-year alewives; in their second year it was related to the abundance of yearling alewives and the condition of adult alewives. We hypothesize that abundant adult alewives suppressed production of young-of-the-year fish (necessary prey for salmonines during their first year in the lake) through competition for limited zooplankton production, and thus impeded the transfer of energy from the lowest trophic level to young salmonine predators.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f87-340","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., Bergstedt, R.A., and Eckert, T.H., 1987, Prey fish dynamics and salmonine predator growth in Lake Ontario, 1978-84: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 44, no. Suppl. 2, p. 390-403, https://doi.org/10.1139/f87-340.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"403","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"Suppl. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckert, Thomas H.","contributorId":58585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckert","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015229,"text":"70015229 - 1987 - NONHOMOGENEOUS TERMS IN THE UNSTEADY FLOW EQUATIONS: MODELING ASPECTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015229","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NONHOMOGENEOUS TERMS IN THE UNSTEADY FLOW EQUATIONS: MODELING ASPECTS.","docAbstract":"A study is in progress to identify the relative significance, effects, and benefits attributable to the use of one-dimensional, unsteady, open-channel, flow-simulation models employing a variety of nonhomogeneous terms in their equation formulations. Nonhomogeneous terms being analyzed include those representing bed slope, frictional resistance, nonprismatic channel geometry, lateral flow, and (surface) wind stress. After an initial theoretical discussion, the results of a set of numerical experiments are presented that demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships and intercomparisons achieved by neglect or improper treatment of important nonhomogeneous terms. Preliminary results of this study are discussed and presented in this paper, both in the form of qualitative considerations and quantitative tabular findings. These results are expected to yield a definitive set of guidelines and suggestions useful to model engineers.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872626105","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., Schaffranek, R.W., and Baltzer, R.A., 1987, NONHOMOGENEOUS TERMS IN THE UNSTEADY FLOW EQUATIONS: MODELING ASPECTS., Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference., Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 351-358.","startPage":"351","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6169e4b0c8380cd71947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baltzer, Robert A.","contributorId":34269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014582,"text":"70014582 - 1987 - Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:39:09","indexId":"70014582","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","docAbstract":"Dissolution of synthetic strontianite-aragonite solid solutions was followed analytically to stoichiometric saturation using large solid to solution ratios in CO2-H2O solution at 25 and 76°C. The compositional dependence of the equilibrium constant was calculated from the composition of saturated (stoichiometric) solutions and used to calculate the activities and activity coefficients of CaCO3 and SrCO3 in the solid Ca(1−x)SrxCO3 at 25 and 76°C. The results show that the solid-solution is not regular but unsymmetrical. The excess free energy of mixing is closely modeled for all compositions by the relation
\nwhere A0 is 8.49 ± 0.30 and 7.71 ± 0.20 KJ/mole and A1 is −4.51 ± 0.20 and −3.36 ± 0.40 KJ/mole at 25 and 76°C, respectively. The equilibrium constant is denned as a function of the SrCO3 mole fraction, x, by the relation
\n![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si2.gif\" "\\"\\"")
where R is the gas constant, T is in Kelvins and KA and KS are the aragonite and strontianite equilibrium constants.
\n\n
The experimental results indicate the Henry's law coefficients of SrCO3 in aragonites containing 0 to 6 mole percent SrCO3 are approximately 91± 8 and 23 ± 1 at 25 and 76°C, respectively and for strontianites the Henry's law coefficients and applicable compositional ranges are approximately 7.3 ± 0.3 (0.84 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) and 3.3 ± 0.5 (0.50 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) at 25 and 76°C, respectively. Substitution of small amounts of Sr in aragonite and Ca in strontianite initially increases the stability of the solid. The most stable aragonites and strontianites contain 0.58 ± 0.03 and 12.5 ± 1.1 mole percent SrCO3 and CaCO3 at 25°C and 3.1 ± 0.3 and 17.2 ± 1.1 mole percent SrCO3 and CaCO3 at 76°C, respectively. The spinode occurs over the regions 0.065 ± 0.001 ≤ x ≤ 0.620 ± 0.014 at 25°C and 0.103 ± 0.007 ≤ x ≤ 0.585 ± 0.019 at 76°C where all compositions are unstable. A miscibility gap occurs over the compositional ranges 0.0058 ± 0.0003 ≤ x ≤ 0.875 ± 0.011 at 25°C and 0.031 ± 0.003 ≤ x ≤ 0.828 ± 0.011 at 76°C and is in reasonable agreement with reported compositions of natural aragonites and strontianites. Marine aragonites are neither at equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation with surface seawater. The experimentally observed distribution coefficient of Sr in aragonite is 12 times larger than the calculated equilibrium value (0.095) at 25°C. Naturally occurring strontianites contain large amounts of calcium primarily because Ca/Sr ratios in natural waters are typically large.
\nNeither equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation is observed at 76°C during laboratory recrystallization of strontianite-aragonite solid solutions even after apparent 100 percent conversion to a narrow secondary composition and demonstration of a nearly constant composition system for periods of 300 hours.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1987, Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1393-1411, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1411","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb27fe4b08c986b32583c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014180,"text":"70014180 - 1987 - Evaluation of the 1985-1990 IGRF secular variation candidates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:23:58","indexId":"70014180","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the 1985-1990 IGRF secular variation candidates","docAbstract":"The IGRF secular variation model for 1985-1990 was adopted by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy at its Prague meeting in August 1985 as an average of the three candidate models submitted to the committee. We compared the three models at epoch 1985.0 against each other and against a new model based on observatory data available as of July 1, 1985. These comparisons showed that one of the three candidate models disagreed more with the other two and our model, especially in the eastern Pacific. None of the candidate models was seen to respond to a change in the secular variation of the vertical component that appears to have taken place most strongly in the western Pacific area since 1982. The lack of satellite data was seen to be a significant handicap towards prediction of the field change over most of the Earth's surface, especially the southern oceans. Maximum errors of any model are estimated to be of the order of 80 nT a-1. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90161-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Cain, J., and Kluth, C., 1987, Evaluation of the 1985-1990 IGRF secular variation candidates: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 362-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90161-0.","startPage":"362","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267332,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90161-0"},{"id":225429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ccfe4b0c8380cd52ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, J.C.","contributorId":68457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluth, C.","contributorId":60390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluth","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014097,"text":"70014097 - 1987 - Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:50:56.586809","indexId":"70014097","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique","docAbstract":"Aquifer diffusivity (transmissivity divided by storage coefficient) was calculated for three sites in a glacial-autwash valley aquifer near Cortland, New York from water-level fluctuations induced by rises in stream stage. The observed response data were analyzed through use of a one-dimensional floodwave-response model to calculate the theoretical head response in the aquifer generated by a floodwave in the stream, and then matched to the observed head response. Diffusivity values computed from sharply peaked flood rises ranged from 6.08 to 8.68 ft2. The closest match between observed and calculated heads was obtained from a site where the aquifer is confined and the saturated thickness (and thus the diffusivity) remains constant with the passage of a floodwave. Arrival time of the observed flood-peak seems to be the most useful criterion for curve matching, especially under unconfined conditions, where a match to the rising limb and floodpeak is difficult because of changes in the saturated thickness.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02133.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., 1987, Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique: Groundwater, v. 25, no. 3, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02133.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0113e4b0c8380cd4fab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R.J.","contributorId":102921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015308,"text":"70015308 - 1987 - A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:30:52","indexId":"70015308","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations","docAbstract":"A procedure for conducting adsorption studies at low suspended solid concentrations in natural waters (<50 mg l−1) is described. Methodological complications previously associated with such experiments have been overcome. Adsorption of zinc ion onto synthetic colloidal titania (TiO2) was studied as a function of pH, supporting electrolyte (NaCl) concentration (0·1-0·002 m) and particle concentration (2–50 mg l−1). The lack of success of the Davis Leckie site bonding model in describing Zn(II) adsorption emphasizes the need for further studies of adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations.