{"pageNumber":"1466","pageRowStart":"36625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41022,"records":[{"id":70015229,"text":"70015229 - 1987 - NONHOMOGENEOUS TERMS IN THE UNSTEADY FLOW EQUATIONS: MODELING ASPECTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015229","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NONHOMOGENEOUS TERMS IN THE UNSTEADY FLOW EQUATIONS: MODELING ASPECTS.","docAbstract":"A study is in progress to identify the relative significance, effects, and benefits attributable to the use of one-dimensional, unsteady, open-channel, flow-simulation models employing a variety of nonhomogeneous terms in their equation formulations. Nonhomogeneous terms being analyzed include those representing bed slope, frictional resistance, nonprismatic channel geometry, lateral flow, and (surface) wind stress. After an initial theoretical discussion, the results of a set of numerical experiments are presented that demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships and intercomparisons achieved by neglect or improper treatment of important nonhomogeneous terms. Preliminary results of this study are discussed and presented in this paper, both in the form of qualitative considerations and quantitative tabular findings. These results are expected to yield a definitive set of guidelines and suggestions useful to model engineers.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872626105","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., Schaffranek, R.W., and Baltzer, R.A., 1987, NONHOMOGENEOUS TERMS IN THE UNSTEADY FLOW EQUATIONS: MODELING ASPECTS., Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference., Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 351-358.","startPage":"351","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6169e4b0c8380cd71947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baltzer, Robert A.","contributorId":34269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015227,"text":"70015227 - 1987 - The geochemistry of water near a surficial organic-rich uranium deposit, northeastern Washington State, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:29:44","indexId":"70015227","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of water near a surficial organic-rich uranium deposit, northeastern Washington State, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The chemistry of three stream, three spring and six near-surface waters in the vicinity of a Holocene organic-rich uranium deposit is described, with particular emphasis on the chemistry of U. Results characterize the solution behavior of uranium as U-bearing water interacts with relatively undecomposed, surficial organic matter. Of the measured major and trace chemical species, only U is consistently highly enriched (17-318 ppb) relative to reported values for regional waters, or to literature values for waters in largely granitic terrains. R-mode factor analysis of the chemical data suggests that most U is present in a soluble form, but that some U is also associated with fine suspended particulates of clay, organic matter, or hydrous oxides. Calculations that apply thermodynamic data to predict U speciation in solution indicate the relative importance of uranyl carbonate and uranyl phosphate complexes. Analysis of more finely filtered samples (0.05 ??m vs. 0.45 ??m), and direct radiographic observations using fission-track detectors suspended in the waters indicate the presence of some uraniferous particulate matter. Application of existing thermodynamic data for uranous- and uranyl-bearing minerals indicates that all waters are undersaturated with U minerals as long as ambient Eh ??? +0.1 v. If coexisting surface and near-surface waters are sufficiently oxidizing, initial fixation of U in the deposit should be by a mechanism of adsorption. Alternatively, more reducing conditions may prevail in deeper pore waters of the organic-rich host sediments, perhaps leading to direct precipitation or diagenetic formation of U4+ minerals. A  234U 238U alpha activity ratio of 1.08 ?? 0.02 in a spring issuing from a hillslope above the deposit suggests a relatively soluble source of U. In contrast, higher activity ratios of  234U 238U (??? 1.3) in waters in contact with the uraniferous valley-fill sediments suggest differences in the nature of interaction between groundwater and the local, U-rich source rocks. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(87)90091-X","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Otton, J.K., Wanty, R., and Pierson, C.T., 1987, The geochemistry of water near a surficial organic-rich uranium deposit, northeastern Washington State, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 62, no. 3-4, p. 263-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90091-X.","startPage":"263","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266099,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90091-X"},{"id":224080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac50e4b08c986b3233fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pierson, C. T.","contributorId":57055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015223,"text":"70015223 - 1987 - Lake-level variation in the Lahontan basin for the past 50,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:17:36","indexId":"70015223","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake-level variation in the Lahontan basin for the past 50,000 years","docAbstract":"Selected radiocarbon data on surficial materials from the Lahontan basin, Nevada and California, provide a chronology of lake-level variation for the past 50,000 yr. A moderate-sized lake connected three western Lahontan subbasins (the Smoke Creek-Black Rock Desert subbasin, the Pyramid Lake subbasin, and the Winnemucca Dry Lake subbasin) from about 45,000 to 16,500 yr B.P. Between 50,000 and 45,000 yr B.P., Walker Lake rose to its sill level in Adrian Valley and spilled to the Carson Desert subbasin. By 20,000 yr B.P., lake level in the western Lahontan subbasins had risen to about 1265 m above sea level, where it remained for 3500 yr. By 16,000 yr B.P., lake level in the western Lahontan subbasins had fallen to 1240 m. This recession appears synchronous with a desiccation of Walker Lake; however, whether the Walker Lake desiccation resulted from climate change or from diversion of the Walker River is not known. From about 15,000 to 13,500 yr B.P., lake level rapidly rose, so that Lake Lahontan was a single body of water by 14,000 yr B.P. The lake appears to have reached a maximum highstand altitude of 1330 m by 13,500 yr B.P., a condition that persisted until about 12,500 yr B.P., at which time lake level fell ???100 m. No data exist that indicate the level of lakes in the various subbasins between 12,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. During the Holocene, the Lahontan basin was the site of shallow lakes, with many subbasins being the site of one or more periods of desiccation. The shape of the lake-level curve for the three western subbasins indicates that past changes in the hydrologic balance (and hence climate) of the Lahontan basin were large in magnitude and took place in a rapid step-like manner. The rapid changes in lake level are hypothesized to have resulted from changes in the mean position of the jet stream, as it was forced north or south by the changing size and shape of the continental ice sheet. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(87)90034-2","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., and Thompson, R., 1987, Lake-level variation in the Lahontan basin for the past 50,000 years: Quaternary Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 69-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90034-2.","startPage":"69","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266532,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90034-2"},{"id":223974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4173e4b0c8380cd65537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, R.S.","contributorId":106516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015219,"text":"70015219 - 1987 - LAGRANGIAN MODELING OF A SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT PULSE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015219","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"LAGRANGIAN MODELING OF A SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT PULSE.","docAbstract":"The one-dimensional Lagrangian Transport Model (LTM) has been applied in a quasi two-dimensional manner to simulate the transport of a slug injection of microbeads in steady experimental flows. A stationary bed segment was positioned below each parcel location to simulate temporary storage of beads on the bottom of the flume. Only one degree of freedom was available for all three bead simulations. The results show the versatility of the LTM and the ability of the LTM to accurately simulate transport of fine suspended sediment.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872626105","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1987, LAGRANGIAN MODELING OF A SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT PULSE., Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference., Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 1040-1045.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1045","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40d6e4b0c8380cd650a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015218,"text":"70015218 - 1987 - Subsidence, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of Georges Bank basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T17:28:18.801904","indexId":"70015218","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidence, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of Georges Bank basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>A geophysical study of Georges Bank basin defines a deep crustal structure that is interpreted in terms of the basin's tectonic and thermal history. Gravity models along three basin cross sections delineate two zones of crustal thinning at the basement hinge zone and oceanic crustal margins. These two zones bound rift-stage crust (about 25 km thick) which underlies the central portion of the basin. Subsidence analysis of the basin, using data from multichannel seismic reflection lines and two COST wells, suggests a rifting and (uniform) extensional origin. Two-dimensional finite difference modeling of the basin defines a crustal structure that concurs with the gravity and subsidence studies. The resulting isotherms show no major changes in the thermal structure since the ate Jurassic. In some areas of the basin, temperatures sufficient for oil generation are determined from maturation studies of Jurassic sediments. Hydrocarbon generation is questionable, however, because of the probable lack of proper and sufficient kerogen in the Jurassic deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/94887893-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Swift, B.A., Sawyer, D.S., Grow, J.A., and Klitgord, K.D., 1987, Subsidence, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of Georges Bank basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 6, p. 702-718, https://doi.org/10.1306/94887893-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"718","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -66,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -66,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafa1e4b0c8380cd876d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, B. Ann","contributorId":92685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, D. S.","contributorId":43875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015194,"text":"70015194 - 1987 - Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun, Cameroun","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015194","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun, Cameroun","docAbstract":"On 15 August, 1984, a lethal gas burst issued from a submerged 96-m-deep crater in Lake Monoun in Cameroun, western Africa, killing 37 people. The event was associated with a landslide from the eastern crater rim, which slumped into deep water. Waters below 50 m are anoxic, dominated by high Fe2+ (???600 mg/l) and HCO3- (??? 1900 mg/l), anoxic and supersaturated with siderite, which is a major component of the crater floor sediments. The unusually high Fe2+ levels are attributed to reduction of laterite-derived ferric iron gradually brought into the lake as loess and in river input. Sulfur compounds are below detection limits in both water and gas. Gases effervescing from depressurized deep waters are dominantly CO2 with minor CH4, having ??13C of -7.18 and -54.8 per mil, respectively. Bacterial decomposition of organic matter may account for the methane, but 14C of lake water indicates that only 10% of the carbon is modern, giving an apparent age of 18,000 years. The dominant source of carbon is therefore attributed to long-term emission of CO2 as volcanic exhalation from vents within the crater, which led to gradual build-up of HCO3- in the lake. The density stratification of the lake may have been upset by an earthquake and underwater landslide on 15 August, which triggered overturn of the lake and caused nucleation of CO2 in the deep water. The resultant ebullition of CO2 from deep lake waters led to a gas burst at the surface and locally generated a water wave up to 5 m high. People travelling through the gas cloud were asphyxiated, presumably from CO2, and suffered skin discoloration from unidentified components. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sigurdsson, H., Devine, J., Tchua, F., Presser, F., Pringle, M., and Evans, W.C., 1987, Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun, Cameroun: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 31, no. 1-2, p. 1-16.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7104e4b0c8380cd763e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigurdsson, Haraldur","contributorId":35079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigurdsson","given":"Haraldur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devine, J.D.","contributorId":95486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devine","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tchua, F.M.","contributorId":48828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tchua","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Presser, F.M.","contributorId":38847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pringle, M.K.W.","contributorId":67220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"M.K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70015193,"text":"70015193 - 1987 - Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:30:09","indexId":"70015193","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions","docAbstract":"Modeling transport of reacting solutes in porous media often requires a choice between models based on the local equilibrium assumption (LEA) and models involving reaction kinetics. Direct comparison of the mathematical formulations for these two types of transport models can aid in this choice. For cases of transport affected by surface reaction, such a comparison is made possible by a new derivation procedure. This procedure yields a kinetics-based formulation that is the sum of the LEA formulation and one or more kinetically influenced terms. The dimensionless form of the new kinetics-based formulation facilitates identification of critical parameter groupings which control the approach to transport behavior consistent with LEA model predictions. Results of numerical experiments demonstrate that criteria for LEA applicability can be expressed conveniently in terms of these parameter groupings. The derivation procedure is demonstrated for examples of surface reactions including first-order reversible sorption, Langmuir-type kinetics and binary, homovalent ion exchange.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i003p00438","usgsCitation":"Bahr, J.M., and Rubin, J., 1987, Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 3, p. 438-452, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i003p00438.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd4ae4b0c8380cd4e74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahr, Jean M.","contributorId":69716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015192,"text":"70015192 - 1987 - Evidence for Late-Paleozoic brine migration in Cambrian carbonate rocks of the central and southern Appalachians: Implications for Mississippi Valley-type sulfide mineralization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:44:05.196253","indexId":"70015192","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for Late-Paleozoic brine migration in Cambrian carbonate rocks of the central and southern Appalachians: Implications for Mississippi Valley-type sulfide mineralization","docAbstract":"<p>Many Lower Paleozoic limestones and dolostones in the Valley and Ridge province of the central and southern Appalachians contain 10 to 25 weight percent authigenic potassium feldspar. This was considered to be a product of early diagenesis, however,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>40</mn></msup><mtext>Ar</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>39</mn></msup><mtext>Ar</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>39</sup>Ar</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>analyses of overgrowths on detrital K-feldspar in Cambrian carbonate rocks from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Tennessee yield Late Carboniferous-Early Permian ages (278–322 Ma). Simple mass balance calculations suggest that the feldspar could not have formed isochemically, but required the flux of multiple pore volumes of fluid through the rocks, reflecting regional fluid migration events during the Late-Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny.</p><p>Microthermometric measurements of fluid inclusions in overgrowths on detrital K-feldspar and quartz grains from unmineralized rocks throughout the study area indicate homogenization temperatures from 100° to 200°C and freezing point depressions of −14° to −18.5°C (18–21 wt.% NaCl equiv). The apparent similarity of these fluids to fluid inclusions in ore and gangue minerals of nearby Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits suggests that the regional occurrences of authigenic K-feldspar and MVT mineralization may be genetically related. This hypothesis is supported by the discovery of authigenic K-feldspar intergrown with sphalerite in several mines of the Mascot-Jefferson City District, E. Tennessee. Regional potassic alteration in unmineralized carbonate rocks and localized occurrences of MVT mineralization are both explainable by a gravity-driven flow model, in which deep brines migrate towards the basin margin under a hydraulic gradient established during the Alleghanian orogeny. The authigenic K-feldspar may reflect the loss of K during disequilibrium cooling of the ascending brines. MVT deposits are probably localized manifestations of the same migrating fluids, occurring where the necessary physical and chemical traps are present.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90222-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Sutter, J.F., and Belkin, H., 1987, Evidence for Late-Paleozoic brine migration in Cambrian carbonate rocks of the central and southern Appalachians: Implications for Mississippi Valley-type sulfide mineralization: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1323-1334, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90222-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1323","endPage":"1334","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d2ae4b0c8380cd52e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, P.P. Jr.","contributorId":76763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015185,"text":"70015185 - 1987 - Benthic foraminifera of the Panamanian Province: distribution and origins.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T12:12:08","indexId":"70015185","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic foraminifera of the Panamanian Province: distribution and origins.","docAbstract":"<p>Two hundred twenty-nine species of benthic foraminifera have been identified from 96 stations representing 33 localities on the eastern Pacific inner continental shelf, ranging from southern Peru to northern Baja California. Their distributions mark nearshore provincial boundaries that are nearly identical with those previously documented from the distribution of ostracodes and molluscs. Thirteen species are characteristic of the Panamanian Province, one is characteristic of the Chilean-Peruvian Province, and one is characteristic of the newly proposed Sonoran Subprovince. Seventeen species (7%) appear to be endemic to the eastern Pacific. Fifty-eight (25%) of the species recognized are disjunct from population centers in the western Pacific, 134 species (59%) are disjunct from modern assemblages of the Atlanto-Caribbean region, and 40 species (17%) are disjunct from both the western Pacific and the Atlanto-Caribbean. The distribution of the remaining 57 species (25%) is poorly documented; we classify them as of unknown origin.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.17.2.153","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Crouch, R., and Poag, C.W., 1987, Benthic foraminifera of the Panamanian Province: distribution and origins.: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 153-176, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.2.153.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b7e4b0c8380cd4a88e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crouch, R.W.","contributorId":98179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015169,"text":"70015169 - 1987 - Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:41:42","indexId":"70015169","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand","docAbstract":"<p>The rate of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand was characterized by two reaction steps, with the first step reaching completion in 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least seven days. The first step includes a fast adsorption reaction which is followed by diffusive transport into either a disordered surface film of hydrated calcium carbonate or into pore spaces. After 24 hours the rate of Cd2+ sorption was constant and controlled by the rate of surface coprecipitation, as a solid solution of CdCO3 in CaCO3 formed in recrystallizing material. Desorption of Cd2+ from the sand was slow. Clean grains of primary minerals, e.g. quartz and aluminosilicates. sorbed much less Cd2+ than grains which had surface patches of secondary minerals, e.g. carbonates, iron and manganese oxides. Calcite grains sorbed the greatest amount of Cd2+ on a weight-normalized basis despite the greater abundance of quartz. A method is illustrated for determining empirical binding constants for trace metals at in situ pH values without introducing the experimental problem of supersaturation. The binding constants are useful for solute transport models which include a computation of aqueous speciation.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90331-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., and Davis, J., 1987, Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1491-1502, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90331-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1491","endPage":"1502","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dade4b0c8380cd7ed70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015151,"text":"70015151 - 1987 - Analyzing numerical errors in domain heat transport models using the CVBEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T16:30:43.155146","indexId":"70015151","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2406,"text":"Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing numerical errors in domain heat transport models using the CVBEM","docAbstract":"<p><span>Besides providing an exact solution for steady-state heat conduction processes (Laplace-Poisson equations), the CVBEM (complex variable boundary element method) can be used for the numerical error analysis of domain model solutions. For problems where soil-water phase change latent heat effects dominate the thermal regime, heat transport can be approximately modeled as a time-stepped steady-state condition in the thawed and frozen regions, respectively. The CVBEM provides an exact solution of the two-dimensional steady-state heat transport problem, and also provides the error in matching the prescribed boundary conditions by the development of a modeling error distribution or an approximate boundary generation. Consequently, this error evaluation can be used to develop highly accurate CVBEM models of the heat transport process, and the resulting model can be used as a test case for evaluating the precision of domain models based on finite elements or finite differences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASME","doi":"10.1115/1.3257005","issn":"08927219","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., 1987, Analyzing numerical errors in domain heat transport models using the CVBEM: Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, v. 109, no. 2, p. 163-169, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3257005.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62ee4b0c8380cd4720a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014121,"text":"70014121 - 1987 - The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T15:30:26.756139","indexId":"70014121","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements","docAbstract":"<p>In 1982 the U.S. Geological Survey collected six seismic refraction profiles in the Great Valley of California: three axial profiles with a maximum shot-to-receiver offset of 160 km, and three shorter profiles perpendicular to the valley axis. This paper presents the results of two-dimensional raytracing and synthetic seismogram modeling of the central axial profile. The crust of the central Great Valley is laterally heterogeneous along its axis, but generally consists of a sedimentary section overlying distinct upper, middle, and lower crustal units. The sedimentary rocks are 3-5 km thick along the profile, with velocities increasing with depth from 1.6 to 4.0 km/s. The basement (upper crust) consists of four units: 1. (1) a 1.0-1.5 km thick layer of velocity 5.4-5.8 km/s, 2. (2) a 3-4 km thick layer of velocity 6.0-6.3 km/s, 3. (3) a 1.5-3.0 km thick layer of velocity 6.5-6.6 km/s, and 4. (4) a laterally discontinuous, 1.5 km thick layer of velocity 6.8-7.0 km/s. The mid-crust lies at 11-14 km depth, is 5-8 km thick, and has a velocity of 6.6-6.7 km/s. On the northwest side of our profile the mid-crust is a low-velocity zone beneath the 6.8-7.0 km/s lid. The lower crust lies at 16-19 km depth, is 7-13 km thick, and has a velocity of 6.9-7.2 km/s. Crustal thickness increases from 26 to 29 km from NW to SE in the model. Although an unequivocal determination of crustal composition is not possible from P-wave velocities alone, our model has several geological and tectonic implications. We interpret the upper 7 km of basement on the northwest side of the profile as an ophiolitic fragment, since its thickness and velocity structure are consistent with that of oceanic crust. This fragment, which is not present 10-15 km to the west of the refraction profile, is probably at least partially responsible for the Great Valley gravity and magnetic anomalies, whose peaks lie about 10 km east of our profile. The middle and lower crust are probably gabbroic and the product of magmatic or tectonic underplating, or both. The crustal structure of the Great Valley is dissimilar to that of the adjacent Diablo Range, suggesting the existence of a fault or suture zone throughout the crust between these provinces.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, W., and Mooney, W.D., 1987, The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements: Tectonophysics, v. 140, no. 1, p. 49-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70015136,"text":"70015136 - 1987 - NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015136","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2631,"text":"Log Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.","docAbstract":"Existing techniques for the quantitative interpretation of waveform data have been based on one of two fundamental approaches: (1) simultaneous identification of compressional and shear velocities; and (2) least-squares minimization of the difference between experimental waveforms and synthetic seismograms. Techniques based on the first approach do not always work, and those based on the second seem too numerically cumbersome for routine application during data processing. An alternative approach is tested here, in which synthetic waveforms are used to predict relative mode excitation in the composite waveform. Synthetic waveforms are generated for a series of lithologies ranging from hard, crystalline rocks (Vp equals 6. 0 km/sec. and Poisson's ratio equals 0. 20) to soft, argillaceous sediments (Vp equals 1. 8 km/sec. and Poisson's ratio equals 0. 40). The series of waveforms illustrates a continuous change within this range of rock properties. Mode energy within characteristic velocity windows is computed for each of the modes in the set of synthetic waveforms. The results indicate that there is a consistent variation in mode excitation in lithology space that can be used to construct a unique relationship between relative mode excitation and lithology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Log Analyst","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0024581X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Cheng, C., and Meredith, J., 1987, NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.: Log Analyst, v. 28, no. 3, p. 307-320.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6143e4b0c8380cd7189e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meredith, J.A.","contributorId":49389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meredith","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014118,"text":"70014118 - 1987 - Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-16T16:32:13.027872","indexId":"70014118","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation","docAbstract":"<p>Evaluation of the effect of pressure on the temperature of interlayer water loss (dehydration) by smectites under diagenetic conditions indicates that smectites are stable as hydrated phases in the deep subsurface. Hydraulic and differential pressure conditions affect dehydration differently. Smectites under hydraulic pressure conditions, such as in the pores of a sandstone, will retain at least two water layers (basal spacing, d<sub>001</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 15A). Smectites under differential pressure for vertical effective stress conditions, such as in compacting shales, are stable as two-water-layer complexes to temperatures of 67°-81°C (153°-178°F), at which one water layer will be expelled. Loss of the remaining water layer requires temperatures of 172°-19 °C (342°-377°F).</p><p>The temperatures of dehydration increase with pore fluid pressure and interlayer water density. The stability of hydrated smectite under hydraulic-pressure conditions indicates that simple thermal dehydration of smectite is not important in the development of abnormally high subsurface fluid pressures. Loss of water by smectite in a shale of low permeability may cause overpressuring; however, the resulting increase in fluid pressure will inhibit further dehydration.</p><p>The temperatures of dehydration under differential-pressure conditions are inversely related to pressure and interlayer water density. The temperature range for interlayer water loss by smectite under differential-pressure conditions is approximately coincident with the beginning of the smectite-to-illite transformation and hydrocarbon generation. The model presented assumes the effects of pore fluid composition and 2:1 layer reactivity to be negligible. Agreement between theoretical and experimental results validate this assumption. However, changes in the chemical stability of the 2:1 layer with decreasing interlayer water content, increasing pressure and temperature, and changing pore-fluid chemistry may be important in initiating clay and organic matter transformations. Changes in clay stability with interlayer water loss may also be responsible for the different rates of smectite-to-illite transformation observed in interbedded sandstones and shales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C8092-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Colten-Bradley, V., 1987, Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1414-1427, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C8092-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1414","endPage":"1427","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9369e4b0c8380cd80dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colten-Bradley, Virginia","contributorId":103418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colten-Bradley","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015126,"text":"70015126 - 1987 - Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:37:04.127499","indexId":"70015126","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration","docAbstract":"<p><span>K-Ar ages of illite alteration associated with Middle Proterozoic Athabasca unconformity-type U deposits in Saskatchewan range from 414 to 1493 Ma. The K-Ar ages correlate with water contents and δD values such that illites with young K-Ar ages have δD values as low as −169 and water contents as high as 7.7 wt.% whereas illites with older ages have δD values near −70 and water contents near 4 wt.%. Water extracted at 400°C from illites with low δD values and high water contents has low δD and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values similar to those of modern meteoric water suggesting that some of the illites associated with the original deposition of the ore underwent varying degrees of retrograde alteration. The alteration is initiated by hydration of sites in the interlayer region of the illite which results in the partial resetting of the K-Ar ages and introduction of excess structural water in the form of interlamellar water. The interlamellar water is enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O by about 7 per mil relative to the water that physically surrounded the clay particle. Further alteration decreases the δD value and increases the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O value of the illite by isotopic exchange between the mineral and the interlamellar water. Although the chemical compositions and XRD patterns of the altered illites indicate that no detectable smectite component is present in the samples, the isotopic results suggest that the altered illites may be an early precursor in the formation of mixed-layer illite/smectite by retrograde alteration of pure illite. The wide variation of δD values of chlorite and kaolinite from these U deposits is analogous to that of the illite suggesting that retrograde alteration of clays by meteoric water can be substantial. The general association of altered clays with areas containing the highest concentrations of U is probably related to localized permeability within the ore zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90100-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M., Kyser, T., Mehnert, H.H., and Hoeve, J., 1987, Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 4, p. 869-878, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90100-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42ee4b0c8380cd4bbaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M.R.","contributorId":31529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyser, T.K.","contributorId":25585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyser","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehnert, H. H.","contributorId":16382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoeve, J.","contributorId":80429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeve","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015124,"text":"70015124 - 1987 - A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:46:45","indexId":"70015124","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation","docAbstract":"The rate of Cd2+ sorption by calcite was determined as a function of pH and Mg2+ in aqueous solutions saturated with respect to calcite but undersaturated with respect to CdCO3. The sorption is characterized by two reaction steps, with the first reaching completion within 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least 7 days. The rate of calcite recrystallization was also studied, using a Ca2+ isotopic exchange technique. Both the recrystallization rate of calcite and the rate of slow Cd2+ sorption decrease with increasing pH or with increasing Mg2+. The recrystallization rate could be predicted from the number of moles of Ca present in the hydrated surface layer. A model is presented which is consistent with the rates of Cd2+ sorption and Ca2+ isotopic exchange. In the model, the first step in Cd2+ sorption involves a fast adsorption reaction that is followed by diffusion of Cd2+ into a surface layer of hydrated CaCO3 that overlies crystalline calcite. Desorption of Cd2+ from the hydrated layer is slow. The second step is solid solution formation in new crystalline material, which grows from the disordered mixture of Cd and Ca carbonate in the hydrated surface layer. Calculated distribution coefficients for solid solutions formed at the surface are slightly greater than the ratio of equilibrium constants for dissolution of calcite and CdCO3, which is the value that would be expected for an ideal solid solution in equilibrium with the aqueous solution. ?? 1987.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90330-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Fuller, C.C., and Cook, A., 1987, A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1477-1490, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90330-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1477","endPage":"1490","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47de4b0c8380cd46671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, A.D.","contributorId":53530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014116,"text":"70014116 - 1987 - Modes of development of slope canyons and their relation to channel and levee features on the Ebro sediment apron, off-shore northeastern Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:30:27","indexId":"70014116","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modes of development of slope canyons and their relation to channel and levee features on the Ebro sediment apron, off-shore northeastern Spain","docAbstract":"Six submarine slope canyons in an area of the northwestern Mediterranean, offshore from the Ebro River and Delta, were surveyed with bathymetric swathmapping (SeaBeam) and mid-range side-looking sonar (SeaMARC I). All of the canyons have slightly winding paths with concave-upwards gradients that are relatively steep shallower than 1,200 m. Two major types of canyons are identified on the basis of their morphologic character at the base of the slope; Type-I canyons lead to an unchannelled base-of-slope deposit and Type-II canyons are continuous with channel-levee systems that cross the rise. Four Type-I canyons were surveyed in the area. Two of these are broad, U-shaped, steep (average gradients of 1:14), do not indent the shelf, and terminate downslope at debris-flow deposits. These two canyons, the most northern in the area, have rounded heads with extensive gullies separated by knife-edge ridges. Relief of the canyon walls is about equal on both sides of the canyons, although the right-hand walls (looking downslope) are generally steeper. The other two Type-I canyons in the area are similar in that they do not indent the shelf, but they are much smaller and shallower and coalesce before terminating in the base-of-slope region. The two Type-II canyons that feed leveed-channels are U-shaped with flatter floors, longer profiles and gentler gradients than Type-I canyons. They are closer to the Valencia Valley and have relatively small cross-sectional areas. We propose a four-stage evolutionary sequence to explain the development of the canyons observed in this section on the prograding Ebro margin. During the initial stage, slumping and erosion on the slope creates a network of small gullies. During the next stage, headward growth of one (or more) gully leads to a major indentation of the shelf. This is the critical factor for developing a channel that will incise the slope and provide a major conduit for moving sediment to the basin. Stage 3 is characterized by the development of a continuous channel accompanied by levee growth across the lobe. In the final stage, the channel-levee system becomes inactive either through destruction by mass wasting, infilling of the channel, or loss of the major sediment source. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(87)90009-2","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"O'Connell, S., Ryan, W., and Normark, W.R., 1987, Modes of development of slope canyons and their relation to channel and levee features on the Ebro sediment apron, off-shore northeastern Spain: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 4, no. 4, Pages 308, IN1–IN2, 309–319, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(87)90009-2.","productDescription":"Pages 308, IN1–IN2, 309–319","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268654,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(87)90009-2"},{"id":225295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca6e4b0c8380cd6fe5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connell, S.","contributorId":37060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, William B. F.","contributorId":86486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"William B. F.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":367629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014112,"text":"70014112 - 1987 - The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:09:22","indexId":"70014112","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways","docAbstract":"<p><span>A two-component soil water flow model was used in conjunction with an equilibrium speciation model WATEQF to study aluminum mobility in soils of a forested watershed, White Oak Run, in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Soil solution samples, taken from the O, E, B, C</span><sub>1</sub><span>, and C</span><sub>2</sub><span>horizons, were collected from zero-tension lysimeters designed to collect faster gravitational macropore flow and tension lysimeters designed to collect slower capillary micropore flow. Dissolved aluminum was fractionated into acid-soluble, inorganic monomeric, and organic monomeric aluminum. Soil water aluminum concentrations decreased with depth indicating that the deep soil is a sink for aluminum. All waters contained significant concentrations of acid-soluble aluminum and exhibited a negative correlation between<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H and the inorganic monomeric aluminum concentrations. Water in the shallow soil showed distinctly different chemical compositions for the two flow types, while C horizon micropore and macropore waters were more similar. Because of its shorter residence time, water flowing in deep soil macropores underwent less extensive neutralization and immobilization of aqueous aluminum than micropore water. The O horizon macropore waters were undersaturated for all hydroxide, silicate, and sulfate mineral phases considered. The C horizon samples from both flow types were near equilibrium with respect to kaolinite and synthetic gibbsite, indicating that mineral solubility controls water chemistry in the deep soil, while organic substances are the key control in the shallow macropore waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i005p00859","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., Herman, J.S., and Parnell, R.A., 1987, The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 5, p. 859-874, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i005p00859.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"874","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baddee4b08c986b323e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A. Jr.","contributorId":108259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014109,"text":"70014109 - 1987 - Quaternary silicic pyroclastic deposits of Atitlán Caldera, Guatemala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T12:48:28","indexId":"70014109","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary silicic pyroclastic deposits of Atitlán Caldera, Guatemala","docAbstract":"<p><span>Atitl&aacute;n caldera has been the site of several silicic eruptions within the last 150,000 years, following a period of basalt/andesite volcanism. The silicic volcanism began with 5&ndash;10 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of rhyodacites, erupted as plinian fall and pyroclastic flows, about 126,000 yr. B.P. At 85,000 yr. B.P. 270&ndash;280 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of compositionally distinct rhyolite was erupted in the Los Chocoyos event which produced widely dispersed, plinian fall deposits and widespread, mobile pyroclastic flows. In the latter parts of this eruption rhyodacite and minor dacite were erupted which compositionally resembled the earliest silicic magmas of the Atitl&aacute;n center. As a result of this major eruption, the modern Atitl&aacute;n (III) caldera formed. Following this event, rhyodacites were again erupted in smaller (5&ndash;13 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>) volumes, partly through the lake, and mafic volcanism resumed, forming three composite volcanoes within the caldera. The bimodal mafic/silicic Atitl&aacute;n volcanism is similar to that which has occurred elsewhere in the Guatemalan Highlands, but is significantly more voluminous. Mafic lavas are thought to originate in the mantle, but rise, intrude and underplate the lower crust and partly escape to the surface. Eventually, silicic melts form in the crust, possibly partly derived from underplated basaltic material, rise, crystallize and erupt. The renewed mafic volcanism could reflect either regional magmato-tectonic adjustment after the large silicic eruption or the onset of a new cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(87)90054-0","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Rose, W.I., Newhall, C.G., Bornhorst, T.J., and Self, S., 1987, Quaternary silicic pyroclastic deposits of Atitlán Caldera, Guatemala: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 33, no. 1-3, p. 57-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(87)90054-0.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(87)90054-0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":226201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92d9e4b0c8380cd80aaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhall, Christopher G.","contributorId":25557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bornhorst, Theodore J.","contributorId":68375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bornhorst","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self, Stephen","contributorId":29060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014106,"text":"70014106 - 1987 - 36Cl: A tracer in groundwater in the aquia formation of Southern Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:39:06","indexId":"70014106","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"36Cl: A tracer in groundwater in the aquia formation of Southern Maryland","docAbstract":"The Aquia Formation (Paleocene) of Southern Maryland, a marine unit consisting predominantly of quartz sands, but containing 20-40% glauconite, represents one of the many productive, heavily pumped aquifers of the Southeastern Coastal Plain. An unusually high 36Cl activity ( ~ 15 ?? modem water) measured in an outcrop sample is interpreted as a result of the bomb pulse input. About 25 km downdip from the recharge area, a minimum in total chloride concentration occurs. This minimum is thought to correlate with the latest low-stand of sea-level, and thus to provide time information which is in general agreement with ages calculated from hydrodynamic data. However, significant increases in the 36Cl concentrations are observed along the flow path which may be due to ion filtration or to leakage of modem, bomb-contaminated water into the Aquia aquifer. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-583X(87)90266-7","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Purdy, C., Mignerey, A., Helz, G., Drummond, D., Kubik, P., Elmore, D., and Hemmick, T., 1987, 36Cl: A tracer in groundwater in the aquia formation of Southern Maryland: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 29, no. 1-2, p. 372-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(87)90266-7.","startPage":"372","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268848,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(87)90266-7"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25be4b0c8380cd45aeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purdy, C.B.","contributorId":76075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purdy","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mignerey, A.C.","contributorId":63177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mignerey","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helz, G.R.","contributorId":96823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drummond, D.D.","contributorId":45471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kubik, P.W.","contributorId":21691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elmore, D.","contributorId":83268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hemmick, T.","contributorId":61577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemmick","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70014100,"text":"70014100 - 1987 - Dynamics of Mojave Desert shrub assemblages in the Panamint Mountains, California.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T16:43:09.364885","indexId":"70014100","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of Mojave Desert shrub assemblages in the Panamint Mountains, California.","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied shrub communities in the Panamint Mountains of the Mojave Desert to determine whether vegetational changes after disturbance can be characterized as succession according to modern successional theory. We found, on a variety of disturbed and undisturbed sites, that the rate of change was a function of the type and age of disturbance. Recent debris—flow deposits were colonized by shrub assemblages of different species composition than those on the surrounding, older debris—flow deposits and other geomorphically stable surfaces. Colonization of human—disturbed sites was highly variable, but species compositions were different from the predisturbance species composition. In Grayia—Lycium assemblages, Grayia spinosa reasserted its dominance over colonizers relatively quickly. In Coleogyne assemblages, typically found on older geomorphic surfaces, species composition differences persisted considerably longer, depending on the severity of the initial disturbance. Extremely stable assemblages, dominated by Coleogyne ramosissima, occurred on the oldest, least disturbed surfaces. The variability of species composition among disturbed sites was greater than the variability among undisturbed and geomorphically stable sites, in accord with convergent succession. Models of desert succession should consider several factors: (1) colonization is dependent largely on the severity of disturbances and residual biotic components; (2) the time span for recovery may be longer than past periods of climatic and geomorphic stability; and (3) colonizing species may have considerable range in their life—history strategies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1938453","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Steiger, J.W., and Turner, R., 1987, Dynamics of Mojave Desert shrub assemblages in the Panamint Mountains, California.: Ecology, v. 68, no. 3, p. 478-490, https://doi.org/10.2307/1938453.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Panamint Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.13689512370759,\n              35.827819403615536\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.80459829986995,\n              35.90577093214233\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.00864020924395,\n              36.64012540943227\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1507408247007,\n              36.605581262764375\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.36279866622853,\n              36.47506718271333\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13689512370759,\n              35.827819403615536\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a042de4b0c8380cd5082e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steiger, John W.","contributorId":19196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Raymond M.","contributorId":7383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Raymond M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014097,"text":"70014097 - 1987 - Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:50:56.586809","indexId":"70014097","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique","docAbstract":"<p>Aquifer diffusivity (transmissivity divided by storage coefficient) was calculated for three sites in a glacial-autwash valley aquifer near Cortland, New York from water-level fluctuations induced by rises in stream stage. The observed response data were analyzed through use of a one-dimensional floodwave-response model to calculate the theoretical head response in the aquifer generated by a floodwave in the stream, and then matched to the observed head response. Diffusivity values computed from sharply peaked flood rises ranged from 6.08 to 8.68 ft<sup>2</sup>. The closest match between observed and calculated heads was obtained from a site where the aquifer is confined and the saturated thickness (and thus the diffusivity) remains constant with the passage of a floodwave. Arrival time of the observed flood-peak seems to be the most useful criterion for curve matching, especially under unconfined conditions, where a match to the rising limb and floodpeak is difficult because of changes in the saturated thickness.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02133.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., 1987, Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique: Groundwater, v. 25, no. 3, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02133.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0113e4b0c8380cd4fab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R.J.","contributorId":102921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014891,"text":"70014891 - 1987 - Presence and potential significance of aromatic-ketone groups in aquatic humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T21:23:48.478256","indexId":"70014891","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence and potential significance of aromatic-ketone groups in aquatic humic substances","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquatic humic- and fulvic-acid standards of the International Humic Substances Society were characterized, with emphasis on carbonyl-group nature and content, by carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, proton nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. After comparing spectral results of underivatized humic and fulvic acids with spectral results of chemically modified derivatives, that allow improved observation of the carbonyl group, the data clearly indicated that aromatic ketone groups comprised the majority of the carbonyl-group content. About one ketone group per monocyclic aromatic ring was determined for both humic and fulvic acids. Aromatic-ketone groups were hypothesized to form by photolytic rearrangements and oxidation of phenolic ester and hydrocarbon precursors; these groups have potential significance regarding haloform formation in water, reactivity resulting from active hydrogen of the methyl and methylene adjacent to the ketone groups, and formation of hemiketal and lactol structures. Aromatic-ketone groups also may be the point of attachment between aliphatic and aromatic moieties of aquatic humic-substance structure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(87)90038-6","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wilson, M.A., and Malcolm, R., 1987, Presence and potential significance of aromatic-ketone groups in aquatic humic substances: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, no. 4, p. 273-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(87)90038-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"280","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Fargo","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.55719563644614,\n              30.73718669262388\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.70468259143186,\n              30.595406491784985\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.62660258515855,\n              30.599762786732207\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.52104350470628,\n              30.666323175534032\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.33092442455035,\n              30.827183395185997\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.35189154748764,\n              30.855175569793232\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.55719563644614,\n              30.73718669262388\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"plainLanguageSummary":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b3de4b0c8380cd7e1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, M. A.","contributorId":107649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014887,"text":"70014887 - 1987 - A Pennsylvanian-age terrestrial storm deposit: using plant fossils to characterize the history and process of sediment accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T23:15:23.727648","indexId":"70014887","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Pennsylvanian-age terrestrial storm deposit: using plant fossils to characterize the history and process of sediment accumulation","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12459337\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>A thin black shale overlying the B-coal underclay (in the Middle Pennsylvanian post-Pottsville strata of the Bernice Basin) contains a compression flora composed of large, prostrate, unidirectionally oriented lycopod trunks and randomly oriented pteridosperm stems. Analyses of modern log accumulations indicate that unidirectional trunk orientations can be produced by riverflood currents, volcanic blasts, and most high-energy windstorms. Since there are neither fluvial sediments nor ash deposits associated with the Bernice assemblage, this deposit is believed to have been formed by high-energy winds. Furthermore, this deposit is interpreted to be in situ because storm winds (and volcanic blasts) rarely have sufficient energy for the physical transport of large, intact tree trunks. The sedimentary history of the B-coal underclay can be determined from the successional changes in the species and plant part compositions (leaves, seeds, branches, trunks, etc.) of the preserved plant material. The underclay is an accretionary floodplain soil which accumulated as discrete increments during episodic floods. The sediments deposited with each flood incorporated the litter layer of the lycopod-pteridosperm forest which occupied this site. Ordinarily, the flood water would recede, and renewed root growth would destroy the primary sedimentary structures and the newly incorporated organic material. Because the bedding and forest litter are preserved in the top 5 cm of the underclay, root growth and silt deposition must have been terminated by the last flooding event. The site eventually became permanently inundated, and an organic-rich mud began to accumulate in the resulting floodplain lake. The lycopod-pteridosperm forest drowned and, at some later time, was blown down into the lake. The trunks are preserved on a single bedding plane in a 2-cm-thick, organic-rich lacustrine black shale. Continued organic accumulation in the lake resulted in the accumulation of a hypautochthonous peat which eventually was colonized by a peat-forming flora.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8AE9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Wnuk, C., and Pfefferkorn, H., 1987, A Pennsylvanian-age terrestrial storm deposit: using plant fossils to characterize the history and process of sediment accumulation: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 212-221, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8AE9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2f4e4b0c8380cd45d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wnuk, C.","contributorId":31914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wnuk","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfefferkorn, H.W.","contributorId":18910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfefferkorn","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014882,"text":"70014882 - 1987 - Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T23:48:12.748205","indexId":"70014882","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data","docAbstract":"<p>The pattern of lattice preferred orientation (texture) in deformed rocks is an expression of the strain path and the acting deformation mechanisms. A first indication about the strain path is given by the symmetry of pole figures: coaxial deformation produces orthorhombic pole figures, while non-coaxial deformation yields monoclinic or triclinic pole figures. More quantitative information about the strain history can be obtained by comparing natural textures with experimental ones and with theoretical models. For this comparison, a representation in the sensitive three-dimensional orientation distribution space is extremely important and efforts are made to explain this concept. We have been investigating differences between pure shear and simple shear deformation incarbonate rocks and have found considerable agreement between textures produced in plane strain experiments and predictions based on the Taylor model. We were able to simulate the observed changes with strain history (coaxial vs non-coaxial) and the profound texture transition which occurs with increasing temperature. Two natural calcite textures were then selected which we interpreted by comparing them with the experimental and theoretical results. A marble from the Santa Rosa mylonite zone in southern California displays orthorhombic pole figures with patterns consistent with low temperature deformation in pure shear. A limestone from the Tanque Verde detachment fault in Arizona has a monoclinic fabric from which we can interpret that 60% of the deformation occurred by simple shear.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Wenk, H., Takeshita, T., Bechler, E., Erskine, B., and Matthies, S., 1987, Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 9, no. 5-6, p. 731-745.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"745","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a903be4b0c8380cd7fbf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenk, H.-R.","contributorId":47921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenk","given":"H.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takeshita, T.","contributorId":46232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeshita","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bechler, E.","contributorId":95211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bechler","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erskine, B.G.","contributorId":8624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erskine","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthies, S.","contributorId":36302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthies","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}