{"pageNumber":"1466","pageRowStart":"36625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":28550,"text":"wri864196 - 1986 - Directions and rates of ground-water movement in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri864196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4196","title":"Directions and rates of ground-water movement in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional groundwater flow model was used to simulate groundwater flow for a 124 sq mi area in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Available data were used to calculate a probable range of groundwater flow rates, but calibration and sensitivity analysis were not done for this model. Flow directions, as inferred from measured groundwater levels and simulated hydraulic heads from all model simulations, indicate that regional groundwater flow is from the south to the north. Kesterson Reservoir acts as a recharge mound superimposed on the regional-flow system. Groundwater moves in the horizontal and vertical direction away from Kesterson Reservoir. Mud and Salt Sloughs act as groundwater discharge areas. Simulated groundwater flow from Kesterson Reservoir did not flow beyond these sloughs. Groundwater from west of Mud Slough seems to flow west toward Los Banos Creek and east toward Mud Slough. Groundwater that travels toward Salt Slough from Kesterson Reservoir probably is lost by evapotranspiration near the surface before reaching Salt Slough. Groundwater between Salt Slough and the San Joaquin River seems to flow north and toward Salt Slough and the San Joaquin River. The canals and duck ponds generally act as sources of groundwater recharge. A method was developed for determining flow directions and distance traveled in three dimensions for discrete time increments using simulated groundwater fluxes. Simulated average horizontal pore velocities away from Kesterson range less than 0.01 to 140 ft/year. The simulated average vertical pore velocities range from 0.01 to 14.7 ft/year. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864196","usgsCitation":"Mandle, R., and Kontis, A., 1986, Directions and rates of ground-water movement in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4196, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864196.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandle, R.J.","contributorId":27090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandle","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29052,"text":"wri864341 - 1986 - Simulation of rain floods on Willow Creek, Valley County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri864341","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4341","title":"Simulation of rain floods on Willow Creek, Valley County, Montana","docAbstract":"The Hydrologic Engineering Center-1 rainfall-runoff simulation model was used to assess the effects of a system of reservoirs and waterspreaders in the 550-sq mi Willow Creek Basin in northeastern Montana. For simulation purposes, the basin was subdivided into 100 subbasins containing 84 reservoirs and 14 waterspreaders. Precipitation input to the model was a 24-hr duration, 100-yr frequency synthetic rainstorm developed from National Weather Service data. Infiltration and detention losses were computed using the U.S. Soil Conservation Service Curve Number concept, and the dimensionless unit hydrograph developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service was used to compute runoff. Channel and reservoir flow routing was based on the modified Puls storage routing procedure. Waterspreaders were simulated by assuming that each dike in a spreader system functions as a reservoir, with only an emergency spillway discharging directly into the next dike. Waterspreader and reservoir volumes were calculated from surface areas measured on maps. The first simulation run was made with no structures in place, and resulted in a 100-yr frequency peak at the mouth of Willow Creek of 22,700 cu ft/sec. With all structures in place, the 100-yr frequency peak was decreased by 74% to 5,870 cu ft/sec. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864341","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., 1986, Simulation of rain floods on Willow Creek, Valley County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4341, iv, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864341.","productDescription":"iv, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4341/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4341/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39657,"text":"pp1385 - 1986 - A model for the plastic flow of landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:56","indexId":"pp1385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1385","title":"A model for the plastic flow of landslides","docAbstract":"To further the understanding of the mechanics of landslide flow, we present a model that predicts many of the observed attributes of landslides. The model is based on an integration of the hyperbolic differential equations for stress and velocity fields in a two-dimensional, inclined, semi-infinite half-space of Coulomb plastic material under elevated pore pressure and gravity. \r\n\r\nOur landslide model predicts commonly observed features. For example, compressive (passive), plug, or extending (active) flow will occur under appropriate longitudinal strain rates. Also, the model predicts that longitudinal stresses increase elliptically with depth to the basal slide plane, and that stress and velocity characteristics, surfaces along which discontinuities in stress and velocity are propagated, are coincident. Finally, the model shows how thrust and normal faults develop at the landslide surface in compressive and extending flow.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1385","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., and Smith, W.K., 1986, A model for the plastic flow of landslides: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1385, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1385.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, William K.","contributorId":23544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27640,"text":"wri864136 - 1986 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 16, Muscatine, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T14:54:58","indexId":"wri864136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4136","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 16, Muscatine, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The water level of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the lock and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 16, at Muscatine, Iowa, were developed from current-meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to accurately compute the gate openings of the tainter gates. Discharge coefficients, in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater depth, headwater depth, and vertical height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged-orifice flow. A comparison of the rating discharges to the hydraulic-model rating discharges is given for submerged-orifice flow for the tainter and roller gates. (Author's abstract)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864136","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A.J., 1986, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 16, Muscatine, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4136, viii, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864136.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4136/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369233,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Muscatine","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Lock and Dam 16","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.0147762298584,\n              41.42435464954322\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.00722312927246,\n              41.42435464954322\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.00722312927246,\n              41.42567398367702\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0147762298584,\n              41.42567398367702\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0147762298584,\n              41.42435464954322\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, Albert J.","contributorId":43355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30220,"text":"wri854221 - 1986 - Ground-water flow in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge reservation, Roane County, Tennessee; preliminary model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:06:58","indexId":"wri854221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4221","title":"Ground-water flow in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge reservation, Roane County, Tennessee; preliminary model analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Shallow land burial of low-level radioactive waste has been practiced since 1951 in Melton Valley. Groundwater flow modeling was used to better understand the geohydrology of the valley, and to provide a foundation for future contaminant transport modeling. The three-dimensional, finite difference model simulates the aquifer as a two layer system that represents the regolith and bedrock. Transmissivities, which were adjusted during model calibration, range from 8 to 16 sq ft/day for the regolith, and from 0.2 to 1.5 sq ft/day for bedrock. An anisotropy ratio of 1:3 for strike-normal to strike-parallel transmissivity values, in conjunction with recharge rate = 6% of precipitation that is uniformly distributed over the model area, produces the best match between simulated and observed water levels. Simulated water levels generally compare well to observed or estimated 1978 groundwater conditions. Simulated water levels for the regolith for 39 of 69 comparison points are within +/- 10 ft of average 1978 levels. Simulated vertical flow components are in the observed direction for 9 of 11 comparison points. Preliminary simulations indicate that nearly all groundwater flow is within the regolith and discharges to either the Clinch River or the White Oak Creek-Melton Branch drainage systems. Less than 3% of the flow is between the regolith and bedrock, and &lt; 1% of total groundwater flow discharges to the Clinch River through bedrock. Additional data needed to refine and further calibrate the model, include: (1) quantity and areal distribution of recharge; (2) water levels in the regolith near the model boundaries and beyond the Clinch River; (3) water levels and aquifer characteristics for bedrock; and (4) additional surface water data. (Author 's abstract)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854221","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., 1986, Ground-water flow in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge reservation, Roane County, Tennessee; preliminary model analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4221, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854221.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri854221.PNG"},{"id":310315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4221/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Roane County","otherGeospatial":"Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.2716,35.9104],[-84.2717,35.9072],[-84.2628,35.8971],[-84.268,35.8958],[-84.2792,35.9033],[-84.2843,35.9015],[-84.285,35.8947],[-84.2797,35.8806],[-84.2814,35.8783],[-84.2848,35.8775],[-84.2972,35.8854],[-84.3005,35.8863],[-84.309,35.8882],[-84.3227,35.8866],[-84.3283,35.8899],[-84.3299,35.8931],[-84.3331,35.8791],[-84.3426,35.8316],[-84.3477,35.8325],[-84.3729,35.8224],[-84.3758,35.8166],[-84.3812,35.8058],[-84.3802,35.798],[-84.3775,35.7916],[-84.3885,35.7823],[-84.3807,35.7776],[-84.3888,35.7677],[-84.3916,35.7701],[-84.3994,35.7742],[-84.4073,35.7775],[-84.4101,35.7776],[-84.4164,35.7767],[-84.421,35.7736],[-84.424,35.7664],[-84.4242,35.7578],[-84.4294,35.751],[-84.4368,35.7502],[-84.4435,35.7549],[-84.4474,35.7604],[-84.4531,35.7554],[-84.471,35.7389],[-84.4947,35.7169],[-84.5106,35.7167],[-84.5169,35.7122],[-84.5216,35.7059],[-84.5218,35.6946],[-84.5263,35.6951],[-84.5264,35.6915],[-84.5303,35.6915],[-84.5321,35.6879],[-84.5322,35.6843],[-84.522,35.6837],[-84.5215,35.6769],[-84.5306,35.677],[-84.5313,35.6707],[-84.5398,35.6703],[-84.5399,35.6658],[-84.5489,35.6663],[-84.5491,35.6591],[-84.5751,35.6594],[-84.5758,35.6521],[-84.5843,35.6518],[-84.585,35.6445],[-84.6201,35.645],[-84.6198,35.659],[-84.6306,35.6587],[-84.631,35.666],[-84.6283,35.69],[-84.6226,35.6963],[-84.6265,35.6995],[-84.6241,35.7067],[-84.6301,35.719],[-84.6368,35.7205],[-84.6362,35.7246],[-84.6453,35.7247],[-84.6448,35.7169],[-84.6545,35.7175],[-84.654,35.7102],[-84.6631,35.7103],[-84.6638,35.7031],[-84.6723,35.7032],[-84.6716,35.7104],[-84.6761,35.7105],[-84.6766,35.7173],[-84.6986,35.718],[-84.6985,35.7253],[-84.699,35.733],[-84.6988,35.7411],[-84.7028,35.7416],[-84.7141,35.7422],[-84.7163,35.7468],[-84.7236,35.7532],[-84.7287,35.7523],[-84.7327,35.7506],[-84.7389,35.7516],[-84.7439,35.7539],[-84.7524,35.7567],[-84.7541,35.7594],[-84.7522,35.7667],[-84.751,35.7707],[-84.7464,35.7752],[-84.7419,35.7766],[-84.7379,35.7792],[-84.7383,35.7869],[-84.7377,35.7906],[-84.741,35.7933],[-84.7472,35.7948],[-84.7489,35.7952],[-84.7551,35.798],[-84.763,35.8022],[-84.7731,35.8114],[-84.7804,35.8123],[-84.7844,35.8124],[-84.7889,35.8152],[-84.7872,35.8165],[-84.7832,35.8187],[-84.7803,35.8237],[-84.7785,35.8268],[-84.7722,35.83],[-84.7659,35.8344],[-84.7578,35.8425],[-84.7492,35.8488],[-84.7383,35.8532],[-84.7309,35.859],[-84.7251,35.8653],[-84.7187,35.8734],[-84.7041,35.8941],[-84.6978,35.8999],[-84.6858,35.9025],[-84.6818,35.9052],[-84.6795,35.9075],[-84.6749,35.9115],[-84.6703,35.9155],[-84.6611,35.9181],[-84.6566,35.9199],[-84.653,35.9262],[-84.6502,35.928],[-84.6462,35.9275],[-84.6433,35.9288],[-84.6393,35.931],[-84.6319,35.9305],[-84.6256,35.9336],[-84.6194,35.934],[-84.6159,35.9385],[-84.609,35.9411],[-84.6067,35.9456],[-84.6049,35.9515],[-84.602,35.9524],[-84.5969,35.9501],[-84.5907,35.9486],[-84.5844,35.9495],[-84.5765,35.9503],[-84.5543,35.9505],[-84.5547,35.96],[-84.554,35.9645],[-84.5374,35.9707],[-84.5288,35.9738],[-84.5169,35.9759],[-84.4939,35.9847],[-84.4888,35.9851],[-84.4774,35.9849],[-84.4672,35.9839],[-84.4564,35.9842],[-84.4461,35.9863],[-84.4185,36.0027],[-84.4065,36.008],[-84.3983,36.0156],[-84.3868,36.0214],[-84.3573,36.0441],[-84.347,36.048],[-84.3418,36.0493],[-84.3397,36.0443],[-84.3359,36.0338],[-84.3343,36.0302],[-84.3327,36.0243],[-84.3257,36.0069],[-84.3204,35.9919],[-84.3094,35.9722],[-84.2854,35.9301],[-84.2721,35.9113],[-84.2716,35.9104]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Roane\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45864,"text":"ofr86203 - 1986 - Modified Mercalli intensity distribution for the most significant earthquakes in Alaska, 1899-1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:56","indexId":"ofr86203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-203","title":"Modified Mercalli intensity distribution for the most significant earthquakes in Alaska, 1899-1981","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr86203","usgsCitation":"Espinosa, A.F., Brockman, S., and Michael, J.A., 1986, Modified Mercalli intensity distribution for the most significant earthquakes in Alaska, 1899-1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-203, 16 maps on 1 sheet :photocopy ;20 x 23 cm., sheet 107 x 115 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86203.","productDescription":"16 maps on 1 sheet :photocopy ;20 x 23 cm., sheet 107 x 115 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21200,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0203/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espinosa, A. F.","contributorId":63782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brockman, S.R.","contributorId":7286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockman","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29040,"text":"wri864009 - 1986 - Estimated monthly percentile discharges at ungaged sites in the upper Yellowstone River Basin in Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T21:39:54.567544","indexId":"wri864009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4009","title":"Estimated monthly percentile discharges at ungaged sites in the upper Yellowstone River Basin in Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Once-monthly streamflow measurements were used to estimate selected percentile discharges on flow-duration curves of monthly mean discharge for 40 ungaged stream sites in the upper Yellowstone River basin in Montana. The estimation technique was a modification of the concurrent-discharge method previously described and used by H.C. Riggs to estimate annual mean discharge. The modified technique is based on the relationship of various mean seasonal discharges to the required discharges on the flow-duration curves. The mean seasonal discharges are estimated from the monthly streamflow measurements, and the percentile discharges are calculated from regression equations. The regression equations, developed from streamflow record at nine gaging stations, indicated a significant log-linear relationship between mean seasonal discharge and various percentile discharges. The technique was tested at two discontinued streamflow-gaging stations; the differences between estimated monthly discharges and those determined from the discharge record ranged from -31 to +27 percent at one site and from -14 to +85 percent at the other. The estimates at one site were unbiased, and the estimates at the other site were consistently larger than the recorded values. Based on the test results, the probable average error of the technique was + or - 30 percent for the 21 sites measured during the first year of the program and + or - 50 percent for the 19 sites measured during the second year.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864009","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Hull, J.A., 1986, Estimated monthly percentile discharges at ungaged sites in the upper Yellowstone River Basin in Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4009, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864009.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414587,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36480.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57906,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"upper Yellowstone River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.129,\n              46.225\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.129,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.221,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.221,\n              46.225\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.129,\n              46.225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30604,"text":"wri864123 - 1986 - Simulation of ground-water flow and infiltration from the Susquehanna River to a shallow aquifer at Kirkwood and Conklin, Broome County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-12T20:02:20.054081","indexId":"wri864123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4123","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and infiltration from the Susquehanna River to a shallow aquifer at Kirkwood and Conklin, Broome County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>A four-layer finite difference model was developed to simulate groundwater flow and induced infiltration to an aquifer underlying the Susquehanna River in the Towns of Kirkwood and Conklin in Broome County, NY. The aquifer consists of sand and gravel deposited in an ancestral river valley during the recession of glacial ice and is in hydraulic connection with the Susquehanna River. In 1984, he aquifer supplied 1.2 million gal/day to well fields in Kirkwood and Conklin. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the sand and gravel in the calibrated model ranges from 50 to 10,000 ft/day. Vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1.0 to 80 ft/day. The riverbed thickness was estimated from results of piezometer tests to be 2 ft; the hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed was estimated to be 0.2 ft/day. Root-mean-square differences between computed drawdowns and drawdowns measured in observation wells and piezometers during aquifer tests at the Kirkwood well field ranged from 17% to 24%. The sizes of the well field catchment areas were estimated from a model generated flow net showing the direction and rate of groundwater flow. The Kirkwood catchment area was estimated to be 250 acres, and the Conklin catchment area was 51 acres. Groundwater budgets computed by steady-state simulations showed that 58% of the groundwater withdrawn by the Kirkwood well field is derived from the Susquehanna River during the periods of low river stage and low recharge. The factor to which induced-infiltration rate and size of well field catchment areas are most sensitive, is riverbed hydraulic conductivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864123","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., 1986, Simulation of ground-water flow and infiltration from the Susquehanna River to a shallow aquifer at Kirkwood and Conklin, Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4123, Report: viii, 70 p.; 2 Plates: 16.11 × 24.32 inches and 15.75 × 24.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864123.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 70 p.; 2 Plates: 16.11 × 24.32 inches and 15.75 × 24.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36565.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4123/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59369,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4123/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59368,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4123/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Broome County","city":"Conklin, Kirkwood","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.808,\n              42.106\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.844,\n              42.106\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.844,\n              42.075\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.808,\n              42.075\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.808,\n              42.106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bd85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26237,"text":"wri864128 - 1986 - Rock riprap design for protection of stream channels near highway structures; Volume 2, Evaluation of Riprap design procedures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri864128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4128","title":"Rock riprap design for protection of stream channels near highway structures; Volume 2, Evaluation of Riprap design procedures","docAbstract":"In volume 2, seven procedures now being used for design of rock riprap installations were evaluated using data from 26 field sites. Four basic types of riprap failures were identified: Particle erosion, translational slide, modified slump, and slump. Factors associated with riprap failure include stone size , bank side slope, size gradation, thickness, insufficient toe or endwall, failure of the bank material, overtopping during floods, and geomorphic changes in the channel. A review of field data and the design procedures suggests that estimates of hydraulic forces acting on the boundary based on flow velocity rather than shear stress are more reliable. Several adjustments for local conditions, such as channel curvature, superelevation, or boundary roughness, may be unwarranted in view of the difficulty in estimating critical hydraulic forces for which the riprap is to be designed. Success of the riprap is related not only to the appropriate procedure for selecting stone size, but also to the reliability of estimated hydraulic and channel factors applicable to the site. (See also W89-04910) (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864128","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., and McConaughy, C., 1986, Rock riprap design for protection of stream channels near highway structures; Volume 2, Evaluation of Riprap design procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4128, viii, 95 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864128.","productDescription":"viii, 95 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5feab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McConaughy, C.E.","contributorId":43776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConaughy","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33232,"text":"b1648 - 1986 - Field and laboratory procedures used in a soil chronosequence study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T15:26:43","indexId":"b1648","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1648","title":"Field and laboratory procedures used in a soil chronosequence study","docAbstract":"<p>In 1978, the late Denis Marchand initiated a research project entitled \"Soil Correlation and Dating at the U.S. Geological Survey\" to determine the usefulness of soils in solving geologic problems. Marchand proposed to establish soil chronosequences that could be dated independently of soil development by using radiometric and other numeric dating methods. In addition, by comparing dated chronosequences in different environments, rates of soil development could be studied and compared among varying climates and mineralogical conditions. The project was fundamental in documenting the value of soils in studies of mapping, correlating, and dating late Cenozoic deposits and in studying soil genesis. All published reports by members of the project are included in the bibliography.</p><p>The project demanded that methods be adapted or developed to ensure comparability over a wide variation in soil types. Emphasis was placed on obtaining professional expertise and on establishing consistent techniques, especially for the field, laboratory, and data-compilation methods. Since 1978, twelve chronosequences have been sampled and analyzed by members of this project, and methods have been established and used consistently for analysis of the samples.</p><p>The goals of this report are to:</p><ol><li>Document the methods used for the study on soil chronosequences,<br></li><li>Present the results of tests that were run for precision, accuracy, and effectiveness, and<br></li><li>Discuss our modifications to standard procedures.</li></ol><p>Many of the methods presented herein are standard and have been reported elsewhere. However, we assume less prior analytical knowledge in our descriptions; thus, the manual should be easy to follow for the inexperienced analyst. Each chapter presents one or more references of the basic principle, an equipment and reagents list, and the detailed procedure. In some chapters this is followed by additional remarks or example calculations.</p><p>The flow diagram in figure 1 outlines the step-by-step procedures used to obtain and analyze soil samples for this study. The soils analyzed had a wide range of characteristics (such as clay content, mineralogy, salinity, and acidity). Initially, a major task was to test and select methods that could be applied and interpreted similarly for the various types of soils. Tests were conducted to establish the effectiveness and comparability of analytical techniques, and the data for such tests are included in figures, tables, and discussions. In addition, many replicate analyses of samples have established a \"standard error\" or \"coefficient of variance\" which indicates the average reproducibility of each laboratory procedure. These averaged errors are reported as percentage of a given value. For example, in particle-size determination, 3 percent error for 10 percent clay content equals 10 ± 0.3 percent clay. The error sources were examined to determine, for example, if the error in particle-size determination was dependent on clay content. No such biases were found, and data are reported as percent error in the text and in tables of reproducibility.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1648","usgsCitation":"1986, Field and laboratory procedures used in a soil chronosequence study: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1648, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1648.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1648/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5ad2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singer, Michael J.","contributorId":94720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653634,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janitzky, Peter","contributorId":7751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janitzky","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653635,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44444,"text":"wri864058 - 1986 - Altitude of the freshwater-saltwater interface in a regionally extensive coastal plain aquifer of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T08:54:34","indexId":"wri864058","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4058","title":"Altitude of the freshwater-saltwater interface in a regionally extensive coastal plain aquifer of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia","docAbstract":"Geophysical well logs from over 150 oil test and water wells in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia were examined and calculations of the dissolved solids concentration in ground water were made using the spontaneous potential deflection as a measure of ionic activity. The values derived from these calculations were used to prepare a map showing the altitude relative to sea level at which the concentration of dissolved solids in the groundwater reached 10,000 mg/L within a regionally extensive aquifer in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. A dissolved solids concentration of 10,000 mg/L is used to delineate the interface between moderately saline and saline water; 10,000 mg/L dissolved solids was designated to delineate the freshwater-saltwater interface. For a finite difference computer flow model being used this interface represents the location where horizontal flow of freshwater is greatly diminished. 10 ,000 mg/L also is the lower limit for dissolved solids concentrations for water in target zones for injection wells. This 10,000 mg/L dissolved solids line is of value as a water quality indicator; although water containing 3,000 to 10,000 mg/L or more of dissolved solids is too saline for agricultural use (upper limit approximately 3,000 mg/L), it may be useful for some industrial purposes. Waters containing dissolved solids concentrations &gt; 10,000 mg/L have little potential for any use involving human activities. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri864058","usgsCitation":"Strickland, D.J., and Mahon, G.L., 1986, Altitude of the freshwater-saltwater interface in a regionally extensive coastal plain aquifer of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4058, 1 map : col. ; 36 x 63 cm., on sheet 61 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864058.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 36 x 63 cm., on sheet 61 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81768,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4058/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6868a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickland, Donald J.","contributorId":106560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahon, Gary L. 0000-0002-7410-0261 glmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-0261","contributorId":270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahon","given":"Gary","email":"glmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28591,"text":"wri864103 - 1986 - Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 3 — Development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:10:21.081742","indexId":"wri864103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4103","title":"Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 3 — Development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin","docAbstract":"Water-bearing rocks within the 7 sq mi of Storage Unit I of the Santa Barbara Groundwater Basin, consist of unconsolidated deposits that range in thickness from &lt; 300 ft along the north perimeter of the unit to &gt; 1,000 ft near the Pacific Ocean. The groundwater system was simulated as two horizontal layers separated by a confining bed. The model boundaries coincide with mapped faults on all sides. The faults were considered no-flow boundaries except for the offshore fault that forms the south boundary. This boundary was simulated as a general-head boundary , which allows water to move into and out of the modeled area. The model was calibrated by simulating both steady-state conditions (approximated by July 1978 and February 1983 water levels) and transient-state conditions (represented by May 1978 through December 1979 water level changes). The calibrated model was then used to simulate the period from January 1980 through December 1983 in order to verify the model. Model results generally closely matched measured data throughout Storage Unit I. During the transient and verification simulations, 9,980 acre-ft of groundwater was pumped from Storage Unit I for municipal use. Results of the model indicate that 42% (4,190 acre-ft) of the water pumped from the system was withdrawn from storage, 33% (3,290 acre-ft) was derived from changes in underflow across the offshore fault, and 25% (2,500 acre-ft) was derived from decreased groundwater discharge to drains. The model simulated that municipal pumpage induced about 1,380 acre-ft of water to move across the offshore fault toward Storage Unit I. Several model simulations were used to estimate aquifer response to different municipal pumpage patterns that could be used as management alternatives. Results of the simulations indicate that spreading municipal pumpage more evenly throughout Storage Unit I, by increasing the number of wells while reducing the pumping rate at the individual wells to maintain the same total pumpage, significantly reduces the inflow of groundwater across the offshore fault. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864103","usgsCitation":"Martin, P., and Berenbrock, C., 1986, Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 3 — Development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4103, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864103.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57420,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394265,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36548.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.8114013671875,\n              34.39444542699783\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.60952758789062,\n              34.39444542699783\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.60952758789062,\n              34.47146728120385\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8114013671875,\n              34.47146728120385\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8114013671875,\n              34.39444542699783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28615,"text":"wri864328 - 1986 - Geohydrology and simulated response to ground-water pumpage in Carson Valley, a river-dominated basin in Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T22:09:26.390973","indexId":"wri864328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4328","title":"Geohydrology and simulated response to ground-water pumpage in Carson Valley, a river-dominated basin in Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","docAbstract":"<p>A numerical model was used to simulate the effect of development of the groundwater reservoir in Carson Valley on Carson River outflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater levels and storage. The basin-fill groundwater reservoir consists of: (1) confined and unconfined sedimentary deposits of Quaternary age that underlie the valley floor, and (2) sedimentary deposits of Tertiary age that are exposed mainly on the east side of the valley. Water levels indicate the presence of two confined aquifer systems: one &lt; 100 ft deep, and the other, generally deeper than 200 ft. The basin-fill reservoir is surrounded by bedrock that transmits recharge to the basin through weathered and fractured zones near the contact between bedrock and valley fill. Estimates were made of the distribution of hydraulic properties of aquifer materials, and of the components of inflow to and outflow from the basin-fill reservoir. Inflow components consisted of the following approximate quantities, in acre-ft/yr: (1) mainstem Carson River flow, 360,000; (2) direct precipitation, 70,000; (3) runoff from perennial and ephemeral streams, 24,000: and (4) subsurface inflow, 38,000. Approximate estimates of outflow components were, in acre-ft/yr; (1) mainstem Carson River flow, 291,000; (2) potential evapotranspiration, 200,000. Both inflow and outflow totaled about 490,000 acre-ft/yr. These flow volumes show that the hydrologic regimen of the basin is dominated by surface water flow of the Carson River. Steady-state and transient calibration of the model provided an unacceptable fit of observed versus simulated groundwater level fluctuations and storage, and surface water outflow from the valley. These values provide a reasonable balance for the simulated steady-state water budget. Simulations show that surface water flow is the ultimate source of about 75% of pumped water for six scenarios of possible future ground-water development. Model simulations indicate that changes from agricultural to urban land uses could decrease the loss of Carson River outflow to pumpage when streamflow is not used for flood irrigation in that area.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864328","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., 1986, Geohydrology and simulated response to ground-water pumpage in Carson Valley, a river-dominated basin in Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4328, Report: viii, 109 p.; 2 Plates: 20.46 × 25.42 inches and 20.36 × 25.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864328.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 109 p.; 2 Plates: 20.46 × 25.42 inches and 20.36 × 25.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393888,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36645.htm"},{"id":57440,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4328/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57439,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4328/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57438,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4328/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4328/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Alpine County, Douglas County","otherGeospatial":"Carson Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.902,\n              38.802\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.567,\n              38.802\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.567,\n              39.1190\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.902,\n              39.1190\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.902,\n              38.802\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, D. K.","contributorId":37757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28627,"text":"wri844221 - 1986 - Ground-water availability and water quality at Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri844221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4221","title":"Ground-water availability and water quality at Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Increases in population and commercial and industrial development during the past 20 years have increased the demand for water in the Towns of Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut. The stratified-drift aquifer, underlying much of the Pomperaug River valley, is the most practical source for additional large supplies. The yield of the aquifer was evaluated with a two-dimensional, digital flow model. The model was constructed with hydrologic data from previous studies, and test boring logs , seismic profiles, water-level measurements, and other information collected during the present study. Simulations made with the calibrated model indicate that, with no pumpage, groundwater levels in the aquifer will fall about 4.6 ft below average during low-recharge (least-favorable) periods, and rise about 0.6 ft above average during high-recharge (most-favorable) periods. Simulated withdrawals from 10 wells indicate that from 5.0 to 8.8 million gallons/day are available as total recharge rates range from 21.4 to 36.1 inches/year. If these pumpages were consumed or exported from the basin, estimated average flow reductions of the Pomperaug River would range from 7.7 to 12.9 cu ft/sec. The quality of the water from the stratified-drift aquifer is generally excellent in most areas and meets State drinking-water standards. Chemical analyses of groundwater from 11 wells in the Middle Quarter area of Woodbury indicate that organohalide compounds are present. A maximum trichloroethane concentration of 260 micrograms/L has been reported and groundwater in the area is presently being monitored for organohalides. The water meets standards established by the State. Surface water samples collected at 7 sites in the study area meet the Connecticut drinking water standards for all constituents except coliform bacteria. Complete conventional treatment of surface water from some wells will be required to meet State drinking water standards relative to coliforms. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844221","usgsCitation":"Mazzaferro, D., 1986, Ground-water availability and water quality at Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4221, viii, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844221.","productDescription":"viii, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57461,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57462,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57463,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57464,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57465,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57466,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57467,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69c050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzaferro, D. L.","contributorId":75579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzaferro","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30196,"text":"wri854278 - 1986 - Three-dimensional steady-state simulation of flow in the sand-and-gravel aquifer, southern Escambia County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri854278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4278","title":"Three-dimensional steady-state simulation of flow in the sand-and-gravel aquifer, southern Escambia County, Florida","docAbstract":"The sand-and-gravel aquifer is the only freshwater aquifer in southern Escambia County, Florida and is the source of public water supply for the area, including the City of Pensacola. The aquifer was simulated by a two-layer, digital model to provide hydrologic information for water resource planning. The lower layer represents the main-producing zone; the upper layer represents all of the aquifer above the main-producing zone including an unconfined zone and discontinuous perched, confined , and confining zones. The model was designed for steady-state simulation and predicts the response of the aquifer (changes in water levels) to groundwater pumping where steady-state conditions have been reached. Input to the model includes matrices representing constant-head nodes, starting head, transmissivity of layer 1, leakance between layers 1 and 2, lateral hydraulic conductivity of layer 2, and altitude of the base layer 2. The sources of water to the model are from recharge by infiltrated precipitation (estimated from base runoff), inflow across boundaries, and induced recharge from river leakance in periods of prolonged groundwater pumping. Model output includes final head and drawdown for each layer and total values for discharge and recharge in the model area. The model was calibrated for 1972 pumping and tested by simulating pumpages during 1939-40, 1958, and 1977. Sensitivity analyses showed water levels in both layers were most sensitive to changes in the recharge matrix and least sensitive to river leakage. Suggestions for further development of the model include subdivision and expansion of the grid, assignment of storage coefficients for transient simulations, more intensive study of the stream-aquifer relations, and consideration of the effects of infiltration basins on recharge. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854278","usgsCitation":"Trapp, H., and Geiger, L., 1986, Three-dimensional steady-state simulation of flow in the sand-and-gravel aquifer, southern Escambia County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4278, v, 149 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854278.","productDescription":"v, 149 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4278/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58988,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4278/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trapp, Henry","contributorId":107693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trapp","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geiger, L.H.","contributorId":88761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":35005,"text":"b1583 - 1986 - Applications of U.S. Geological Survey digital cartographic products, 1979-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:49:40","indexId":"b1583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1583","title":"Applications of U.S. Geological Survey digital cartographic products, 1979-1983","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey prepares and distributes fundamental, multipurpose cartographic data to a wide range of users throughout the United States. Recognizing that traditional cartographic procedures will eventually be replaced by digital techniques, the USGS is now actively developing computer-based methods to produce digital cartographic products. The digital cartographic products currently being developed parallel the traditional map-based information but have the advantage that they can be used in a computer environment. The digital cartographic products include: 1) digital elevation models (DEM's), 2) digital land use and land cover data, and 3) digital line graphs (DLG's). In addition, digital terrain tapes (DTT's) that were developed by the Defense Mapping Agency are currently available through the USGS. As with conventional map products, the digital products are suitable for efficient application to a variety of problems. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1583","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., and Ramey, B., 1986, Applications of U.S. Geological Survey digital cartographic products, 1979-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1583, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1583.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":62946,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1583/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1583/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a4bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":213966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, Benjamin S.","contributorId":21206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Benjamin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30615,"text":"wri864043 - 1986 - Biological, morphological, and chemical characteristics of Wailuku River, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri864043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4043","title":"Biological, morphological, and chemical characteristics of Wailuku River, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Biological, morphological, and chemical data on Wailuku River were collected to assess its water quality characteristics. Biological measurements included evaluation of benthic invertebrates, periphyton, phytoplankton and coliform bacteria. Morphological measurements consisted of channel surveys and particle size determination of bed materials. Chemical quality measurements, made monthly at two sampling stations, included water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved solids concentration, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus , and minor elements. Biological and chemical data indicated relatively clean water compared to similar streams in conterminous United States. The number and types of benthic organisms are low in Wailuku River. This is due mainly to channel gradient and flow velocities rather than to chemical toxicity. Periphyton data also indicate unpolluted water of low to moderate primary productivity. Diatoms are the dominant organisms observed in the periphyton samples. Coliform bacteria densities are typical of mountain streams in Hawaii that are essentially unaffected by human activities. The streambed is formed of lava flows from Mauna Loa volcano, and the stream channel is characterized by a series of plunge pools and waterfalls. The longitudinal slope ranges from 5% at midreaches to 8% at the headwater regions. There is no broad flood plain at the mouth of the stream. The stream channel is generally a narrow steep-sided trapezoid with an irregular base. Streambanks are composed of fine to very coarse-grained material. Channel depth increases from 6 ft at the headwaters to 40 ft at Hilo. The width also increases from 60 ft at the highest study site to 220 ft at the Hilo site near the mouth of the river. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864043","usgsCitation":"Yee, J., and Ewart, C., 1986, Biological, morphological, and chemical characteristics of Wailuku River, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4043, vii, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864043.","productDescription":"vii, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59382,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yee, J.J.","contributorId":59849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26205,"text":"wri864193 - 1986 - Comparison of flume and towing methods for verifying the calibration of a suspended-sediment sampler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T11:08:38","indexId":"wri864193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4193","title":"Comparison of flume and towing methods for verifying the calibration of a suspended-sediment sampler","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended-sediment samplers must sample isokinetically (at stream velocity) in order to collect representative water samples of rivers. Each sampler solo by the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project or by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility has been adjusted to sample isokinetically and tested in a flume to verify the calibration. The test program for a modified U.S. P-61 sampler provided an opportunity to compare flume and towing tank tests. Although the two tests yielded statistically distinct results, the difference between them was quite small. The conclusion is that verifying the calibration of any suspended-sediment sampler by either the flume or towing method should give acceptable results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri864193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Federal Highways Admininstration","usgsCitation":"Beverage, J., and Futrell, J., 1986, Comparison of flume and towing methods for verifying the calibration of a suspended-sediment sampler: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4193, v, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864193.","productDescription":"v, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55000,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4193/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4193/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beverage, J.P.","contributorId":44120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beverage","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Futrell, J.C.","contributorId":32953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futrell","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29259,"text":"wri854099 - 1986 - Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T13:58:00","indexId":"wri854099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4099","title":"Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>A finite-difference model of ground-water flow within stratified drift in the 14-mile reach of the Susquehanna River valley from Binghamton west to the Tioga County line (including Johnson City, Endicott, and Vestal) has been developed. Outwash is the most permeable and extensive type of stratified drift in the valley but has only small saturated thickness except where it is downwarped beneath ice-block depressions. The outwash is commonly underlain by extensive beds of silt and clay deposited in proglacial lakes. Older ice-contact deposits are also extensive and provide the largest yields to wells but are highly variable in thickness and commonly siltier than the outwash. The ice-contact deposits seem to occur mainly as ridges that parallel the axis of major valleys and are buried beneath later lacustrine and outwash sediments.</p><p>The model simulates horizontal flow in two layers; the upper layer generally represents outwash, and the lower layer generally represents older ice-contact deposits. The model also simulates vertical flow between those layers through the beds of silt and clay or, where the two aquifer layers are in direct contact, through sand and gravel.</p><p>The model has been calibrated to reproduce observed water levels that represent steady-state conditions. Aquifer properties, recharge from several sources, river stage, and pumpage from several municipal and industrial well fields were calculated from data collected largely in 1981. Major streams were treated as constant specified heads in the upper layer. Data are available to refine the calibration. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854099","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1986, Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4099, Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854099.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58107,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58108,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58109,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58110,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366617,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Broome County","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.84548950195312,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.84548950195312,\n              42.188846538629164\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.188846538629164\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28689,"text":"wri854079 - 1986 - Connecticut observation wells; guidelines for network modification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri854079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4079","title":"Connecticut observation wells; guidelines for network modification","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection are developing a baseline observation well network to assess the present status of groundwater storage and relate it to long-term conditions and to describe and characterize natural changes in groundwater storage in relation to climatic variations, topography, and hydrogeologic setting. An evaluation of the present network of 31 observation wells indicates it is not representative of climatic areas or major hydrologic units in the State. Several wells provide equivalent information and six can be discontinued. Network modifications, including deletion of some existing wells and the addition of 50 to 60 new observation wells are needed to meet network objectives. Fourteen existing wells that have long-term records should be retained as a basis for historical comparisons. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854079","usgsCitation":"Melvin, R., 1986, Connecticut observation wells; guidelines for network modification: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4079, v, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854079.","productDescription":"v, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57531,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melvin, R.L.","contributorId":50497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26709,"text":"wri864188 - 1986 - Assessment of ground-water contamination at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, 1982-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:09:39","indexId":"wri864188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4188","title":"Assessment of ground-water contamination at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, 1982-85","docAbstract":"<p>Continued study of ground-water contamination at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, defined the movement and distribution of volatile organic compounds in the glacial sand and gravel aquifer at known sites of contamination, and has defined new plumes at two other sites. </p><p>The Arrow Street purge system, installed in 1982 to remove contaminants from the Building 43 plume, has lowered concentrations of trichloroethylene in ground water in the central part of the most contaminated area from a range of 1,000 to 2,000 micrograms per liter to about 200 micrograms per liter. Trichloroethylene is not escaping off-Base from this area. </p><p>In the southern part of the Base a plume containing principally trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene has been delineated along Mission Drive. Maximum concentrations observed were 5,290 micrograms per liter of trichloroethylene and 1,480 micrograms per liter of dichloroethylene. Hydrologically suitable sites for purge wells are identified in the southern part of the plume using a new ground-water flow model of the Base. </p><p>A benzene plume near the bulk-fuel storage area, delineated in earlier work, lias shifted to a more northerly direction under influence of the Arrow Street purge system. Sites initially identified for purging the benzene plume have been repositioned because of the change in contaminant movement. JP-4 fuel was found to be accumulating in wells near the bulk-fuel storage area, largely in response to seasonal fluctuations in the water table. It is thought to originate from a spill that occurred several years ago. </p><p>A more thorough definition of contaminants in the northern landfill area has permitted a determination of the most hydrologically suitable sites for purge wells. In general, Concentrations found in water do not differ greatly from those observed in 1981. </p><p>Since 1981, concentrations of trichloroethylene have decreased significantly in the Alert Apron plume. Near the origin of the plume, the concentration of trichloroethylene has decreased from 1,000 micrograms per liter in 1980 to 50 micrograms per liter in 1984. Water from Van Etten Lake near the termination of the plume had only a trace of trichloroethylene at one site. </p><p>Benzene detected in water from well AF2 seems to originate near the former site of buried fuel tanks west of the operational apron. During periods of normal purge pumping along Arrow Street, contaminants are drawn to the purge system. During periods when pumping is low, contaminants are drawn toward water-supply wells AF2, AF4, and AF5.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri864188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T., and Twenter, F.R., 1986, Assessment of ground-water contamination at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, 1982-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4188, Document: ix, 110 p.; 3 Plates: 41.76 x 35.90 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864188.","productDescription":"Document: ix, 110 p.; 3 Plates: 41.76 x 35.90 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4188/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55576,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4188/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55577,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4188/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55578,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4188/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Wurtsmith Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.422222,\n              44.483333\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.422222,\n              44.429167\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.329167,\n              44.429167\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.329167,\n              44.483333\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.422222,\n              44.483333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, T. R.","contributorId":104082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27768,"text":"wri854281 - 1986 - Hydrogeology and simulation of water flow in strata above the Bearpaw Shale and equivalents of eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T21:14:23.478786","indexId":"wri854281","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4281","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of water flow in strata above the Bearpaw Shale and equivalents of eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The Powder River, Bull Mountains, and Williston basins of Montana and Wyoming were investigated to understand the geohydrology and subsurface water flow. Rocks were separated into: Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer (layer 1), upper Hell Creek confining layer (layer 2), Tullock aquifer (layer 3), Lebo confining layer (layer 4), and Tongue River aquifer (layer 5). Aquifer transmissivities were estimated from ratios of sand and shale and adjusted for kinematic viscosity and compaction. Vertical hydraulic conductance per unit area between layers was estimated. Potentiometric surface maps were drawn from limited data. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was used for simulation. Five stages of simulation decreased and standard error of estimate for hydraulic head from 135 to 110 feet for 739 observation nodes. The resulting mean transmissivities for layers 1-5 were 443, 191, 374, 217, and 721 sq ft/d. The corresponding mean vertical hydraulic conductances per unit area between the layers were simulated; they ranged from 0.000140 to 0.0000150. Mean annual recharge across the study area was about 0.26 percent of average annual precipitation. Large volumes of interlayer flow indicate the vertical flow may be significant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854281","usgsCitation":"Hotchkiss, W.R., and Levings, J.F., 1986, Hydrogeology and simulation of water flow in strata above the Bearpaw Shale and equivalents of eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4281, v, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854281.","productDescription":"v, 72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394280,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36419.htm"},{"id":56613,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4281/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4281/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bearpaw Shale","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.733,\n              42.817\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.033,\n              42.817\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.033,\n              47.7830\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.733,\n              47.7830\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.733,\n              42.817\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotchkiss, W. R.","contributorId":61820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levings, J. F.","contributorId":94675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29209,"text":"wri864337 - 1986 - Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:31:50","indexId":"wri864337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4337","title":"Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia","docAbstract":"In 1976 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Transportation, began a program to monitor small natural streams in Georgia to verify the accuracy of the flood frequency estimating equations for the five flood frequency regions that were published in a previous study. Data collection consisted of obtaining an additional 10 yr of annual peak flow records at 24 gaging stations and establishing and collecting annual peak flow records at 15 additional gaging sites in areas of the State where data were unavailable. Data also were collected for an additional 10 yr at four gaging stations that were converted to continuous record gaging stations in 1976. The flood frequency equations were verified by comparing the observed and regression equation estimated discharges for the 2-, 25-, and 100-yr floods: (1) for the 28 gaging stations continued an additional 10 yr; (2) for the 15 gaging stations that have about 10 yr of record where data were unavailable; and (3) for all gaging stations on drainage areas of &lt; 50 sq mi for which data were available in all five flood frequency regions. The rainfall-runoff model simulated discharges from the previous study also were verified by comparisons of the observed and the rainfall-runoff model simulated discharges for the 2-, 25-, and 100-yr floods for gaging stations calibrated in the previous study. These comparisons, based on student 's t-test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance, indicated that all the flood frequency equations computed in the previous study are valid and unbiased except for Regions 2 and 3, where the equations appear to be slightly biased. The comparison of the discharges simulated by the rainfall-runoff model with the observed discharges for the gaging stations that have 20 yr of record were unbiased, but simulated discharges for stations having 10 yr of record were biased, probably because of ' loss of variance ' in the averaging procedures of the rainfall-runoff model and the short length of record. The flood-frequency estimating equations computed in the previous study have been verified and are considered to be valid for natural streams in Georgia that have drainage areas of 0.1 to 20 sq mi. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864337","usgsCitation":"Price, M., and Hess, G.W., 1986, Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4337, Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 19.27 x 23.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864337.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 19.27 x 23.55 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":26631,"text":"wri864005 - 1986 - Estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for Wisconsin urban streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T22:05:39.04495","indexId":"wri864005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4005","title":"Estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for Wisconsin urban streams","docAbstract":"<p>Equations for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for Wisconsin streams with drainage basins containing various amounts of existing or projected urban development were developed by flood-frequency and multiple-regression analyses.</p>\n<p>Multiple-regression techniques were used to develop equations for estimating flood frequencies at ungaged urban sites. The flood-frequency equations are based on data from 32 urban gaging stations, including 19 crest-stage gages and 13 rainfall-runoff gaging stations. Significant characteristics in the equations are drainage area and impervious area. Standard errors of estimate for the regression equations ranged from 32%-39%. Separate equations were developed for Milwaukee County. The USGS Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model-Version II was used to extend records by synthesis for the 13 rainfall-runoff urban stations. (Author 's abstract)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, and Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage Commission","usgsCitation":"Conger, D., 1986, Estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for Wisconsin urban streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4005, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864005.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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,{"id":26629,"text":"wri864034 - 1986 - Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri864034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4034","title":"Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi","docAbstract":"In 1964 the U.S. Geological Survey in Mississippi expanded the small stream gaging network for collection of rainfall and runoff data to 92 stations. To expedite availability of flood frequency information a rainfall-runoff model using available long-term rainfall data was calibrated to synthesize flood peaks. Results obtained from observed annual peak flow data for 51 sites having 16 yr to 30 yr of annual peaks are compared with the synthetic results. Graphical comparison of the 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year flood discharges indicate good agreement. The root mean square error ranges from 27% to 38% and the synthetic record bias from -9% to -18% in comparison with the observed record. The reduced variance in the synthetic results is attributed to use of only four long-term rainfall records and model limitations. The root mean square error and bias is within the accuracy considered to be satisfactory. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864034","usgsCitation":"Colson, B., 1986, Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4034, iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864034.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colson, B.E.","contributorId":71546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colson","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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