Exceptional bundled slaty cleavage (defined herein) has been found in drill cores of laminated, folded, weakly metamorphosed argillite at several localities in the early Proterozoic Animikie basin of north-central Minnesota. The cleavage domains are more closely spaced within the cleavage bundles than outside them, the mean tectosilicate grain size of siltstone layers, measured normal to cleavage, is less in the cleavage bundles than outside them, and the cleavage bundles are enriched in opaque phases and phyllosilicates relative to extra-bundle segments. These facts suggest that pressure solution was a major factor in bundle development. If it is assumed that opaque phases have been conserved during pressure solution, the modal differences in composition between intra-bundle and extra-bundle segments of beds provide a means for estimating bulk material shortening normal to cleavage. Argillite samples from the central part of the Animikie basin have been shortened a minimum of about 22%, as estimated by this method. These estimates are similar to the shortening values derived from other strain markers in other rock types interbedded with the argillite, and are also consistent with the regional pattern of deformation.
The sulfur isotopic composition of the sulfur fluxes occurring in the anoxic marine sediments of Cape Lookout Bight, N.C., U.S.A., was determined, and the result of isotopic mass balance was obtained via the differential diffusion model. Seasonal pore water sulfate δ34S measurements yielded a calculated sulfate input of 0.6%.. Sulfate transported into the sediments via diffusion appeared to be enriched in the lighter isotope because its concentration gradient was steeper, due to the increase in the measured isotopic composition of sulfate with depth. Similarly, the back diffusion of dissolved sulfide towards the sediment-water interface appeared enriched in the heavier isotope. The isotopic composition of this flux was calculated from measurements of the δ34S of dissolved sulfide and was determined to be 15.9%.. The isotopic composition of buried sulfide was determined to be −5.2%. and the detrital sulfur input was estimated to be −6.2%.. An isotope mass balance equation based upon the fluxes at the sediment-water interface successfully predicted the isotopic composition of the buried sulfur flux within 0.5%., thus confirming that isotopes diffuse in response to their individual concentration gradients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90212-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Chanton, J., Martens, C., and Goldhaber, M., 1987, Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1201-1208, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90212-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1208","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f151e4b0c8380cd4abae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chanton, J. P.","contributorId":7429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chanton","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martens, C.S.","contributorId":42718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014150,"text":"70014150 - 1987 - Compositional evidence regarding the origins of rims on Semarkona chondrules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:02:23.697188","indexId":"70014150","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional evidence regarding the origins of rims on Semarkona chondrules","docAbstract":"The compositions of the interiors and abraded surfaces of 7 chondrules from Semarkona (LL3.0) were measured by neutron activation analysis. For nonvolatile elements, the lithophile and siderophile element abundance patterns in the surfaces are generally similar to those in the corresponding interiors. Siderophile and chalcophile concentrations are much higher in the surfaces, whereas lithophile concentrations are similar in both fractions. Most of the similarities in lithophile patterns and some of the similarities in siderophile patterns between surfaces and interiors may reflect incomplete separation of the fractions in the laboratory, but for 3 or 4 chondrules the siderophile resemblance is inherent, implying that the surface and interior metal formed from a single precursor assemblage. Metal and sulfide-rich chondrule rims probably formed when droplets of these phases that migrated to the chondrule surface during melting were reheated and incorporated into matrix-like material that had accreted onto the surface. The moderately-volatile to volatile elements K, As and Zn tend to be enriched in the surfaces compared with other elements of similar mineral affinity; both enrichments and depletions are observed for other moderately volatile elements. A small fraction of chondrules experienced fractional evaporation while they were molten.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90373-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., and Wasson, J.T., 1987, Compositional evidence regarding the origins of rims on Semarkona chondrules: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 11, p. 3003-3011, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90373-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3003","endPage":"3011","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f937e4b0c8380cd4d4d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wasson, J. T.","contributorId":99269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wasson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014155,"text":"70014155 - 1987 - Evaluation of the stability of gas hydrates in Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T15:26:40.006371","indexId":"70014155","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the stability of gas hydrates in Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The factors which control the distribution of in situ gas hydrate deposits in colder regions such as Northern Alaska include; mean annual surface temperatures (MAST), geothermal gradients above and below the base of permafrost, subsurface pressures, gas composition, pore-fluid salinity and the soil condition. Currently existing data on the above parameters for the forty-six wells located in Northern Alaska were critically examined and used in calculations of depths and thicknesses of gas hydrate stability zones. To illustrate the effect of gas hydrate stability zones, calculations were done for a variable gas composition using the thermodynamic model of Holder and John (1982). The hydrostatic pressure gradient of 9.84 kPa/m (0.435 lbf/in2ft), the salinity of 10 parts per thousand (ppt) and the coarse-grained soil conditions were assumed. An error analysis was performed for the above parameters and the effect of these parameters on hydrate stability zone calculations were determined.
After projecting the hydrate stability zones for the forty-six wells, well logs were used to identify and to obtain values for the depth and thickness of hydrate zones. Of the forty-six wells, only ten wells showed definite evidence of the presence of gas hydrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(87)90026-7","usgsCitation":"Kamath, A., Godbole, S.P., Ostermann, R.D., and Collett, T.S., 1987, Evaluation of the stability of gas hydrates in Northern Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 107-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(87)90026-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.35348507096748,\n 71.50417315803796\n ],\n [\n -163.3677789577233,\n 68.05690107968127\n ],\n [\n -145.36017551548042,\n 68.05690107968127\n ],\n [\n -145.36017551548042,\n 70.97000817935472\n ],\n [\n -162.35348507096748,\n 71.50417315803796\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf3e4b0c8380cd52d6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamath, A.","contributorId":41154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamath","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godbole, S. P.","contributorId":23285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godbole","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostermann, R. D.","contributorId":42367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostermann","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014167,"text":"70014167 - 1987 - Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory for 51 selected earthquakes, 1980-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:20:21","indexId":"70014167","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory for 51 selected earthquakes, 1980-1984","docAbstract":"The 51 global events that occurred from January 1980 to March 1984, which were chosen by the convenors of the Symposium on Seismological Theory and Practice, have been analyzed using a moment tensor inversion algorithm (Sipkin). Many of the events were routinely analyzed as part of the National Earthquake Information Center's (NEIC) efforts to publish moment tensor and first-motion fault-plane solutions for all moderate- to large-sized (mb>5.7) earthquakes. In routine use only long-period P-waves are used and the source-time function is constrained to be a step-function at the source (??-function in the far-field). Four of the events were of special interest, and long-period P, SH-wave solutions were obtained. For three of these events, an unconstrained inversion was performed. The resulting time-dependent solutions indicated that, for many cases, departures of the solutions from pure double-couples are caused by source complexity that has not been adequately modeled. These solutions also indicate that source complexity of moderate-sized events can be determined from long-period data. Finally, for one of the events of special interest, an inversion of the broadband P-waveforms was also performed, demonstrating the potential for using broadband waveform data in inversion procedures. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90068-9","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., 1987, Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory for 51 selected earthquakes, 1980-1984: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 47, no. C, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90068-9.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267329,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90068-9"},{"id":225237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d3ae4b0c8380cd70242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014168,"text":"70014168 - 1987 - Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T09:41:14","indexId":"70014168","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions","docAbstract":"A moving boundary problem which arises during transport with precipitation-dissolution reactions is solved by three different numerical methods. Two of these methods (one explicit and one implicit) are based on an integral formulation of mass balance and lead to an approximation of a weak solution. These methods are compared to a front-tracking scheme. Although the two approaches are conceptually different, the numerical solutions showed good agreement. As the ratio of dispersion to convection decreases, the methods based on the integral formulation become computationally more efficient. Specific reactions were modeled to examine the dependence of the system on the physical and chemical parameters. Although the water flow rate does not explicitly appear in the equation for the velocity of the moving boundary, the speed of the boundary depends more on the flux rate than on the dispersion coefficient. The discontinuity in the gradient of the solute concentration profile at the boundary increases with convection and with the initial concentration of the mineral. Our implicit method is extended to allow participation of the solutes in complexation reactions as well as the precipitation-dissolution reaction. This extension is easily made and does not change the basic method.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i008p01561","usgsCitation":"Willis, C., and Rubin, J., 1987, Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1561-1574, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i008p01561.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1561","endPage":"1574","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba391e4b08c986b31fd6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willis, Catherine","contributorId":42489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014217,"text":"70014217 - 1987 - Coal deposits of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:12:26.417172","indexId":"70014217","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coal deposits of the United States","docAbstract":"The coal fields of the Unites States can be divided into six major provinces. The Appalachian and Interior Provinces contain dominantly bituminous coal in strata of Pennsylvanian age. The coal seams are relatively thin and are mined both by surface and underground methods. Sulfyur content is low to moderate in the Appalachian Province, generally high in the Interior province. The Gulf Coastal Plain Province, in Texas and neighboring states, contains lignite of Eocene age. The seams are 3–25 ft (0.9–7.5 m) thick and are minded in large open pits. The Northern Great Plains Province has lignite and subbituminous coal of Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene age. The coal, largely very low in sulfur, occurs in beds up to 100 ft (30 m) thick and is strip-mined. The Rocky Mountain Province contains a great variety of coal deposits in numerous separate intermontane basins. Most of it is low-sulfur subbituminous to bituminous coal iof Creatceous and early Tertiary age. The seams range from a few feet to over 100 ft (30 m) thick. Strip-mining dominates but underground mines are important in Utah and Colorado. The Pacific Coast Province, which includes Alaska, contains enormous cola resources but has seen little mining. The coal is highly diverse in physical character and geologic setting.
This book was written 'to provide an up-to-date data bank from which those wishing to construct models concerned with the evolution of Africa .... can draw.' As such, it attempts a survey of 'integrated geology and geochronology' of the African continent throughout the Precambrian and into the Phanerozoic. Political and language divisions often hinder the synthesis of continent-wide data, therefore, this well-indexed inventory of selected data and synthesis of present geochronological knowledge for Africa as a whole provides an important reference for researchers and explorationists, many of whom have limited access to complete collections of the geological literature of Africa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(87)90090-8","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., 1987, [Book review] The geochronology and evolution of Africa: Precambrian Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 181-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(87)90090-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"182","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","volume":"36","issue":"2","publicComments":"Review of The geochronology and evolution of Africa: L. Cahen, N.J. Snelling, J. Delhal and J.R. Vail, with the collaboration of M. Bonhomme and D. Ledent. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1984, xiii+512pp., £60.00 hardcover.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c952e4b0f37a93ee9b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168533,"text":"70168533 - 1987 - Picture windows of opportunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-23T14:44:44","indexId":"70168533","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Picture windows of opportunity","docAbstract":"We hate to say that we need a moderate earthquake every once in a while, but experience shows that it surely helps to sell all kinds of seismic safety programs
\nThis map is one of a series of seismicity maps produced by the U. S. Geological Survey that show earthquake data of individual states or groups of states at the scale of 1:1,000,000. This map shows only those earthquakes with epicenters located within the boundaries of Pennsylvania, even though earthquakes in nearby states may have been felt or may have caused damage in Pennsylvania.
The data in table 1 were used to compile the seismicity map; these data are a corrected, expanded, and updated (through 1983) version of the data used by Algermissen (1969) for a study of seismic risk in the United States. The locations and intensities of some earthquakes were revised and intensities were assigned where none had been before. Many earthquakes were added to the original list from new data sources as well as from some old data sources that had not been previously used. The data in table 1 represent best estimates of the location of the epicenter, magnitude, and intensity of each earthquake on the basis of historical and current information. Some of the aftershocks from large earthquakes are listed, but not all, especially for earthquakes that occurred before seismic instruments were universally used.
The latitude and longitude coordinates of each epicenter were rounded to the nearest tenth of a degree and sorted so that all identical locations were grouped and counted. These locations are represented on the map by a triangle. The number of earthquakes at each location is shown on the map by the arabic number to the right of the triangle. A Roman numeral to the left of a triangle is the maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (Wood and Neumann, 1931) of a11 earthquakes at that geographic location. The absence of an intensity value indicates that no intensities have been assigned to earthquakes at that location. The year shown below each triangle is the latest year for which the maximum intensity was recorded.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1280","usgsCitation":"Stover, C.W., Reagor, B., and Algermissen, S.T., 1987, Seismicity map of the state of Pennsylvania (Revised and reprinted 1987): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1280, 1 Plate: 23.12 x 39.96 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1280.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 23.12 x 39.96 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416586,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12250.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":183271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1280/mf1280.JPG"},{"id":341136,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1280/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United 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W.","contributorId":70369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stover","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reagor, B.G.","contributorId":99121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagor","given":"B.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015279,"text":"70015279 - 1987 - The effects of early diagenesis on the chemical and stable carbon isotopic composition of wood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:45:56.160988","indexId":"70015279","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of early diagenesis on the chemical and stable carbon isotopic composition of wood","docAbstract":"Studies of modern and ancient buried wood show that there is a linear correlation between carbohydrate content and the stable carbon isotope composition as carbohydrates are preferentially degraded during early diagenesis. As the carbohydrate content decreases, the
Maps showing different classes of slope, aspect, and elevation were developed from U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation model data. The classes were displayed on clear Mylar at 1:24 000-scale and registered with topographic maps and orthophotos. The maps were used with aerial photographs, topographic maps, and other resource data to determine their value in making order-three soil surveys. They were tested on over 600 000 ha in Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada under various climatic and topographic conditions. Field evaluations showed that the maps developed from digital elevation model data were accurate, except for slope class maps where slopes were <4%. The maps were useful to soil scientists, especially where (i) class boundaries coincided with soil changes, landform delineations, land use and management separations, and vegetation changes, and (ii) rough terrain and dense vegetation made it difficult to traverse the area. In hot, arid areas of sparse vegetation, the relationship of slope classes to kinds of soil and vegetation was less significant.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c7","usgsCitation":"Klingebiel, A.A., Horvath, E.H., Moore, D.G., and Reybold, W., 1987, Use of slope, aspect, and elevation maps derived from digital elevation model data in making soil surveys, chap. of Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c7.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dbe4b01ccd54fb2813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klingebiel, A. A.","contributorId":74006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingebiel","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horvath, E. H.","contributorId":182374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horvath","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reybold, W.U.","contributorId":182372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reybold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015263,"text":"70015263 - 1987 - Microprocessor-based data-acquisition system for a borehole radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-25T17:22:27.740681","indexId":"70015263","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microprocessor-based data-acquisition system for a borehole radar","docAbstract":"An efficient microprocessor-based system has been implemented that permits real-time acquisition, stacking, and digital recording of data generated by a borehole radar system. Although the system digitizes, stacks, and records independently of a computer, it is interfaced to a desktop computer for program control over system parameters such as sampling interval, number of samples, number of times the data are stacked prior to recording on nine-track tape, and for graphics display of the digitized data. The data can be transferred to the desktop computer during recording, or played back from a tape at a later time. Using the desktop computer, the operator can observe results while recording data and generate hard-copy graphics in the field. Thus, the radar operator can immediately evaluate the quality of data being obtained, modify system parameters, study the radar logs before leaving the field, and re-run borehole logs if necessary. The system has proven to be reliable in the field and has increased productivity both in the field and in the laboratory.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.1987.289855","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Bradley, J.A., and Wright, D.L., 1987, Microprocessor-based data-acquisition system for a borehole radar: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. GE-25, no. 4, p. 441-447, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1987.289855.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"GE-25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ac6e4b0c8380cd69029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Jerry A.","contributorId":37077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, David L. dwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","email":"dwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015281,"text":"70015281 - 1987 - Depth-averaging effects on hydraulic head for media with stochastic hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:07:39","indexId":"70015281","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth-averaging effects on hydraulic head for media with stochastic hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"Hydraulic conductivity of a porous medium frequently is considered to be a single realization of a three-dimensional spatial stochastic process. The most common observations of flow in porous media are hydraulic-head measurements obtained from wells which are screened over extensive sections of the medium. These measurements represent, approximately, a one-dimensional spatial average of the actual three-dimensional head distribution, the actual head distribution being a stochastic process resulting from flow through a random hydraulic-conductivity field. This paper examines, via ensemble averages, the effect of such spatial averages of groundwater flow on the spatial autocovariance function for a simple, yet viable, stochastic model of a bounded medium. The model is taken to be three-dimensional flow in a medium that is bounded above and below and in which the hydraulic conductivity is a second-order stationary stochastic process. Spatial averaging of the hydraulic heads is considered to take place over the entire thickness of the medium. Ensemble variances and autocorrelations for depth-averaged heads are computed for the resulting two-dimensional flow system and compared with those from a fully three-dimensional flow system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i004p00561","usgsCitation":"Naff, R., and Vecchia, A.V., 1987, Depth-averaging effects on hydraulic head for media with stochastic hydraulic conductivity: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 4, p. 561-570, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i004p00561.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd41e4b0c8380cd4e708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naff, R.L.","contributorId":86349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naff","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014831,"text":"70014831 - 1987 - Natural-field and very low-frequency tipper profile interpretation of contacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:49:31.823669","indexId":"70014831","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural-field and very low-frequency tipper profile interpretation of contacts","docAbstract":"Anomalous vertical magnetic field (tipper) profiles acquired using natural or very low-frequency (VLF) radio transmitter sources can be interpreted simply and rapidly for a number of geologic settings. The relations between computed numerical models, and outcropping dipping and buried vertical contacts are presented here in a series of interpretation charts. Use of the tipper phase in the analysis minimizes the effect of transmitter azimuth in the VLF case.Two examples illustrate the application to field data. An audiofrequency natural-field tipper profile over a conductive bed in a north-central Washington State metasedimentary sequence demonstrates the interpretation procedure for a dipping contact. VLF profiles over covered basement faults in Ontario demonstrate the application for a buried vertical contact. In both cases the quick results are in agreement with the much more laborious trial-and-error matching to two-dimensional models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442286","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Labson, V.F., and Becker, A., 1987, Natural-field and very low-frequency tipper profile interpretation of contacts: Geophysics, v. 52, no. 12, p. 1697-1707, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442286.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1697","endPage":"1707","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6137e4b0c8380cd7184d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Alex","contributorId":59567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014227,"text":"70014227 - 1987 - Basin-ring spacing on the Moon, Mercury, and Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014227","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin-ring spacing on the Moon, Mercury, and Mars","docAbstract":"Radial spacing between concentric rings of impact basins that lack central peaks is statistically similar and nonrandom on the Moon, Mercury, and Mars, both inside and outside the main ring. One spacing interval, (2.0 ?? 0.3)0.5D, or an integer multiple of it, dominates most basin rings. Three analytical approaches yield similar results from 296 remapped or newly mapped rings of 67 multi-ringed basins: least-squares of rank-grouped rings, least-squares of rank and ring diameter for each basin, and averaged ratios of adjacent rings. Analysis of 106 rings of 53 two-ring basins by the first and third methods yields an integer multiple (2 ??) of 2.00.5D. There are two exceptions: (1) Rings adjacent to the main ring of multi-ring basins are consistently spaced at a slightly, but significantly, larger interval, (2.1 ?? 0.3)0.5D; (2) The 88 rings of 44 protobasins (large peak-plus-inner-ring craters) are spaced at an entirely different interval (3.3 ?? 0.6)0.5D. The statistically constant and target-invariant spacing of so many rings suggests that this characteristic may constrain formational models of impact basins on the terrestrial planets. The key elements of such a constraint include: (1) ring positions may not have been located by the same process(es) that formed ring topography; (2) ring location and emplacement of ring topography need not be coeval; (3) ring location, but not necessarily the mode of ring emplacement, reflects one process that operated at the time of impact; and (4) the process yields similarly-disposed topographic features that are spatially discrete at 20.5D intervals, or some multiple, rather than continuous. These four elements suggest that some type of wave mechanism dominates the location, but not necessarily the formation, of basin rings. The waves may be standing, rather than travelling. The ring topography itself may be emplaced at impact by this and/or other mechanisms and may reflect additional, including post-impact, influences. ?? 1987 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00054060","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., and Spudis, P.D., 1987, Basin-ring spacing on the Moon, Mercury, and Mars: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 39, no. 2, p. 129-194, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00054060.","startPage":"129","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054060"},{"id":226139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efefe4b0c8380cd4a516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudis, P. D.","contributorId":58719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":367900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014799,"text":"70014799 - 1987 - Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:28:14.555708","indexId":"70014799","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California","docAbstract":"Large crescentic dunes that resemble barchans have been discovered within elongate scour depressions on the northern California inner continental shelf by using side-scan sonar. These dunes appear to be migrating obliquely to the regional shelf gradient; a preferred offshore direction of transport is indicated by the extended southern wings of many dunes. The isolated dunes and the scour depressions that contain them are located seaward of sea-floor outcrops off rocky capes and sea stacks. Repeated side-scan sonar records spanning four years (1981–1985) indicate that the dunes and bounding sidewalls of the scour depressions were somewhat modified, but the overall alteration to the bottom morphology during this period was only moderate to undetectable. The apparent low height of the dunes is consistent with a low migration speed. Over longer time periods (decades), the seaward transport of fine to medium sand in the crescentic dunes is probably an important way by which sand escapes the shallow part of the continental shelf in this region and mixes with the muddy deposits of the central shelf.
A Lagrangian reference frame is used to solve the convection‐dispersion equation and interpret water‐quality data obtained from the Chattahoochee River. The model was calibrated using unsteady concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate obtained during June 1977 and verified using data obtained during August 1976. Reaction kinetics of the cascade type are shown to provide a reasonable description of the nitrogenspecies processes in the Chattahoochee River. The conceptual model is easy to visualize in the physical sense and the output includes information that is not easily determined from an Eulerian approach, but which is very helpful in model calibration and data interpretation. For example, the model output allows one to determine which data are of most value in model calibration or verification.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:2(223)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H., 1987, Langrangian model of nitrogen kinetics in the Chattahoochee River: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 113, no. 2, p. 223-242, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:2(223).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a446ee4b0c8380cd66ad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001541,"text":"1001541 - 1987 - A model of the productivity of the mallard duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:39:52.71642","indexId":"1001541","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model of the productivity of the mallard duck","docAbstract":"This paper describes a stochastic computer model that simulates recruitment of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) under different habitat conditions and management scenarios. The model incorporates several environmental phenomena and biological relations that affect mallard recruitment. Major events include arrival of mallards in the spring, daily survival of hens, initiation of nests, selection of nest sites, survival of nests until hatching, and survival of broods until fledging. The model was originally developed as a tool for synthesizing the results of research. Subsequently, we applied the model to a variety of management situations. We also describe the sources of estimates used in the model, evaluate its sensitivity to input parameters, and review some practical applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(87)90100-1","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D., Sparling, D.W., and Cowardin, L.M., 1987, A model of the productivity of the mallard duck: Ecological Modelling, v. 38, no. 3/4, p. 257-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(87)90100-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":215650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowardin, Lewis M.","contributorId":34574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014274,"text":"70014274 - 1987 - Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T18:02:52.257541","indexId":"70014274","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985","docAbstract":"Line length changes from several baselines in a trilateration network within the Long Valley caldera clearly define a decrease in strain rate from June 1983 through October 1985. The data consist of more than 1600 length measurements on 23 baselines using a two-color geodimeter, which has a precision of 0.2 ppm of the line length. Initial measurements made during the summer of 1983 show extension rates were as high as 6 ppm/yr on some baselines. The rates subsequently decreased steadily, to less than 1 ppm/yr during the summer of 1985. Ih contrast, the strain rates on a few other baselines were less than 0.2 ppm/yr averaged over the 2.3-year interval. A model is constructed using these observations as well as yearly observations of a trilateration network within and near the caldera. The model contains two points of inflation located at 5 and 10 km beneath the resurgent dome of the caldera plus dextral slip on a fault plane within the south moat within an elastic half-space. To mimic the observed time dependence in the two-color geodimeter data, we conclude that the rates of both slip and inflation have steadily decreased over the survey interval. Because the two-color geodimeter network is closer to all three sources than the single-color geodimeter network, these data are important for defining the factor of 2–3 rate decrease of slip and inflation. Comparing our estimates of slip and inflation with similar estimates for the year prior to July 1983, we conclude that the rate decrease is probably a result of postseismic and postinflation relaxation following the earthquake swarm in the south moat in January 1983.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB09p09423","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., Linker, M., and Tupper, D., 1987, Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B9, p. 9423-9442, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p09423.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"9423","endPage":"9442","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb46e4b0c8380cd48d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linker, M.","contributorId":23697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tupper, D.","contributorId":30376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tupper","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014753,"text":"70014753 - 1987 - Integration of channel and floodplain suites. I. Developmental sequence and lateral relations of alluvial paleosols.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T23:17:44.363198","indexId":"70014753","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of channel and floodplain suites. I. Developmental sequence and lateral relations of alluvial paleosols.","docAbstract":"The lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, northwest Wyoming, consists of about 770 m of alluvial rocks that exhibit extensive mechanical and geochemical modifications resulting from Eocene pedogenesis. Willwood paleosols vary considerably in their relative degrees of maturity; maturity is defined as stage of development as a function of the amount of time required to form. Five arbitrary stages are proposed to distinguish these soils of different maturities in the Willwood Formation. Stage 1 soils, the least mature, are entisols; stage 2 and stage 3 soils are intermediate in maturity and are probably alfisols; and stage 4 and stage 5 soils, the most mature, are spodosols. These stages are not only time-progressive elements of an in situ maturation sequence for Willwood soil formation, but, in the lateral dimension, they are also usually distributed sequentially. Study of Willwood paleosols indicates that an inverse relationship exists between soil maturity and short-term sediment accumulation rate. The least mature Willwood paleosols formed in areas of relatively high net rates of sediment accumulation on 1) channel, levee, and crevasse-splay sediments of the proximal alluvial ridge, and 2) deposits filling large and small paleovalleys formed by major episodes of gullying (lowered baselevels). In contrast, the fine-grained sediments of the distal floodplain, where net sediment accumulation rates were relatively low, experienced development of much more mature soils. Soils of intermediate maturities occur in the order of their stage on intervening proximal floodplain and distal alluvial ridge sediments. Adjacent bodies of sedimentary rock that differ in their ancient soil properties because of distance from areas of relatively high sediment accumulation are denoted by the new term pedofacies . The remarkable sequence of paleosols in the Willwood Formation clearly illustrates several important principles of soil-sediment interrelationships in aggrading alluvial systems that have broad application to other deposits. This is especially true in view of the widespread distribution of paleosols in nearly all ancient fluvial rocks. Further study of Willwood paleosols will not only enable precise lateral correlation of coeval alluvial sediments, and thereby fluvial sedimentary events, from the distal to the proximal realms of the floodplain but will also contribute to increasingly informative evaluations of the nature, tempo, and mode of alluvial succession.
Cretaceous clavagellid pelecypods are a poorly known group, and have previously received little study. Ascaulocardium armatum is conchologically the most complex burrowing pelecypod known. From the study of living clavagellids, it is possible to interpret the various tubes extending outward from the adventitious crypt of A. armatum as devices for hydraulic burrowing and deposit feeding. The conchologically complex A. armatum occurs near the beginning of the history of the Clavagellidae, and does not seem to have given rise to any younger species. Ascaulocardium armatum is known only from the Upper Cretaceous rocks (Santonian–Maastrichtian) of the east Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains of the United States of America, as is probably the genus Ascaulocardium. All known Cretaceous clavagellids are burrowing species having a free right valve, and this is the ancestral mode of life of the Clavagellidae. Clavagellids that have a boring habit are a more recent evolutionary development, as are burrowing species having both juvenile valves cemented to the crypt. Clavagellids probably evolved from Jurassic–Early Cretaceous pholadomyids. Almost all Cretaceous clavagellids occur outside the Tethyan Zoogeographic Realm; this distribution is in marked contrast to the modern distribution of the family. Living species mostly inhabit clear, shallow seas in subtropical to tropical shelf areas.