{"pageNumber":"1467","pageRowStart":"36650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":30551,"text":"wri864168 - 1986 - History of ground-water pumpage and water-level decline in the Black Creek and upper Cape Fear aquifers of the central coastal plain of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:13:47","indexId":"wri864168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4168","title":"History of ground-water pumpage and water-level decline in the Black Creek and upper Cape Fear aquifers of the central coastal plain of North Carolina","docAbstract":"Historical ground-water withdrawals and a general water-level decline in the Black Creek and upper Cape Fear aquifers of the central Coastal Plain of North Carolina are documented. Total municipal and industrial pumpage from these aquifers has increased from approximately 120,000 gal/day (gpd) in 1910 to >21 million gpd in 1980. Major pumpage, > 10,000 gpd, began around 1900. Since that time, per capita water use in the central Coastal Plain area has ranged from 17 to 172 gpd/person. The higher values partially represent the increasing availability and use of modern conveniences since the World War II era. The range of per capita water use can be subdivided according to general water-use and population characteristics for both urban and rural areas. The pumpage of ground water from the Black Creek and upper Cape Fear aquifers has created water-level declines from 0.5 to 4.9 ft/year since 1900. Approximately a third of the study area has experienced a decline > 50 ft up to the period 1979-1981, with 148 ft being the maximum.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864168","usgsCitation":"Winner, M., and Lyke, W., 1986, History of ground-water pumpage and water-level decline in the Black Creek and upper Cape Fear aquifers of the central coastal plain of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4168, v, 21 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864168.","productDescription":"v, 21 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59319,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4168/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59320,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4168/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Black Creek Aquifer, Upper Cape Fear Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.452392578125,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.452392578125,\n              36.70365959719456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.245361328125,\n              36.70365959719456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.245361328125,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.452392578125,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winner, M.D.","contributorId":59801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winner","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyke, W.L.","contributorId":75551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyke","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27441,"text":"wri864162 - 1986 - Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis — A Mississippi perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:46:08.48337","indexId":"wri864162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4162","title":"Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis — A Mississippi perspective","docAbstract":"<p>The Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis is a study of regional aquifers in sediments of mostly Cenozoic age in an area of about 230,000 sq mi in the Central Plain of Alabama, Arkansas , Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas, and an additional 60,000 sq mi offshore. Three aquifer systems have been identified: the Mississippi embayment aquifer system, the Texas coastal uplands aquifer system, and the coastal lowlands aquifer system. These aquifer systems thicken from &lt; 100 ft near their updip limit to thousands of ft gulfward toward their downdip limits. The Mississippi embayment aquifer system exceeds 5,000 ft in thickness in central Louisiana and in southwestern Mississippi. The thickest area in southwestern Mississippi underlies most of the six Mississippi counties, centered around Jefferson County. The greatest thickness of the coastal lowlands aquifer system in Mississippi occurs in southern Hancock County where the system is composed of several individual aquifers and confining units. There are seven aquifers and three confining units in the Mississippi embayment aquifer system, five aquifers and two confining units in the Texas coastal uplands aquifer system, and five aquifers and two confining units in the coastal lowlands aquifer system. Most of the thicker parts of each aquifer system contain moderately saline to very saline water. Water in the Mississippi embayment aquifer system is moderately saline to very saline in most of a seven county area in southwestern Mississippi. About 9,600 million gal/day (gpd) of ground water was pumped from the aquifers in the study area during 1980. About 15% of that pumpage (or about 1,400 million gpd was in Mississippi, mostly from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. About 10% of the Mississippi pumpage, or 140 million gpd, was from the coastal lowlands aquifer system. Preliminary results from simulation of groundwater flow indicates that parts of Mississippi are major regional recharge areas for both the Mississippi embayment aquifer system and the coastal lowlands aquifer system.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864162","usgsCitation":"Grubb, H.F., 1986, Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis — A Mississippi perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4162, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864162.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394550,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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F.","contributorId":16863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29094,"text":"wri864032 - 1986 - Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:33:07","indexId":"wri864032","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4032","title":"Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The salinity front, locally known as the \"bad-water\" line, in the Edwards aquifer separates the freshwater from the salinewater and occurs where the aquifer is confined. The concentration of dissolved solids of the salinewater at the salinity front is 1,000 milligrams per liter. The concentration of dissolved solids in water within the freshwater zone of the aquifer usually ranges from 250 to 350 milligrams per liter. A digital model was used to investigate the potential movement of the salinity front by simulating the transport of salinewater into the freshwater zone as a result of pumping from the freshwater zone.</p>\n<p>The model simulations indicate that a large range in the quantity of solute transported from the salinewater zone into the freshwater zone is possible. This uncertainty is caused by the range of estimates of transmissivity, the magnitude of water-level decline, and porosity. Simulated transmissivity values for the Edwards aquifer within the salinewater zone ranged from 134 to 3,340 feet squared per day and resulted in potential lateral shifts of the salinity front from 16 to 425 feet updip into the fresh-water zone at the end of a 10-year simulation. A simulated decline in water levels from an altitude of 660 to 582 feet above sea level resulted in a potential lateral shift in the salinity front of 133 feet updip into the freshwater zone at the end of the 10-year simulation. Simulated porosity values from 1 to 20 percent resulted in lateral shifts of the salinity front from 42 to 854 feet updip into the freshwater zone at the end of the 10-year simulation. An evaluation of the results of the model simulations indicates that contamination created by the movement of saline-water into the freshwater zone of the Edwards aquifer will be limited to an are</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri864032","usgsCitation":"Perez, R., 1986, Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4032, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864032.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e6e4b07f02db4bbbf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perez, Roberto","contributorId":97114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27038,"text":"wri864210 - 1986 - Hydraulic characteristics of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary clastic aquifers: Eastern Alabama, Georgia, and western South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T13:19:18","indexId":"wri864210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4210","title":"Hydraulic characteristics of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary clastic aquifers: Eastern Alabama, Georgia, and western South Carolina","docAbstract":"Transmissivity and storativity data for the clastic sediments of the northern Coastal Plain of eastern Alabama, Georgia, and western South Carolina were compiled and evaluated. Transmissivity values ranged from less than 100 to about 35,000 ft sq/day; storativity ranged from about 0.00002 to 0.0002. Data for lower Tertiary sediments represented by the Clayton and Tallahatta Formations and equivalent Midwayan and Claibornian sediments are listed for 17 sites. Transmissivity values of these sediments range from about 500 to 10,000 ft sq/day. Transmissivity values for the Cretaceous Providence Sand and Cusseta Sand and equivalent Navarroan-Tayloran sediments are listed for 10 sites and range from about 500 to 34,000 ft sq/day. Transmissivity values for the Blufftown and Eutaw Formations and equivalent Cretaceous Tayloran-Austinian sediments are listed for 16 sites and range from about 3000 to 35,000 ft sq/day. Transmissivity of the Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Formation and equivalent Eaglefordian sediments is listed for 5 sites and ranges from about 30 to 500 ft sq/day. Estimates of transmissivity based on well specific capacity were computed by using the modified nonequilibrium formula and linear regression analysis. The regression analysis was based on log-transformed paired transmissivity and specific-capacity data at 48 pumping wells. The regression model provided better estimates of transmissivity than the modified nonequilibrium formula. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864210","usgsCitation":"Faye, R.E., and McFadden, K.W., 1986, Hydraulic characteristics of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary clastic aquifers: Eastern Alabama, Georgia, and western South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4210, Report: viii, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 28.96 x 23.59 inches; 4 Sheets: 14.79 x 18.46 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864210.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 28.96 x 23.59 inches; 4 Sheets: 14.79 x 18.46 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":27479,"text":"wri854102 - 1986 - Ground-water movement and effects of coal strip mining on water quality of high-wall lakes and aquifers in the Macon-Huntsville area, north-central Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T21:17:42.217943","indexId":"wri854102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4102","title":"Ground-water movement and effects of coal strip mining on water quality of high-wall lakes and aquifers in the Macon-Huntsville area, north-central Missouri","docAbstract":"Glacial drift and Pennsylvanian bedrock were mixed together forming spoil during pre-reclamation strip mining for coal in north-central Missouri. This restructuring of the land increases the porosity of the material, and increases aqueous concentrations of many dissolved constituents. Median sodium and bicarbonate concentrations were slightly greater, calcium 5 times greater, magnesium 6 times greater, manganese 15 times greater, iron 19 times greater, and sulfate 24 times greater in water from spoil than in water from glacial drift. Median potassium concentrations were slightly greater, and chloride concentrations were two times greater in water from glacial drift than in water from spoil. Water types in glacial drift and bedrock were mostly sodium bicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate; in spoil and lakes in the spoil, the water types were mostly calcium sulfate. Median pH values in water from spoil were 6.6, as compared to 7.4 in water from glacial drift and 9.0 in water from bedrock. Neutralization of acid by carbonate rocks causes the moderate pH values in water from spoil; a carbonate system closed to the atmosphere may result in alkaline pH values in bedrock. Transmissivities generally are greatest for spoil, and decrease in the following order: alluvium, glacial drift, and bedrock. Recharge to spoil is from precipitation, lateral flow from glacial drift, and lateral and vertical flow from bedrock. The rate of recharge to the aquifers is unknown, but probably is small. Groundwater discharge from the glacial drift, bedrock, and spoil is to alluvium. The direction of flow generally was from high-wall lakes in the spoil toward East Fork Little Chariton River or South Fork Claybank Creek. Significant differences (95% confidence level) in values and concentrations of aqueous constituents between spoil areas mined at different times (1940, 1952, and 1968) were obtained for pH, calcium, magnesium, manganese, sulfate, chloride, and dissolved solids, but not for iron. These differences are attributed to local variations in the geohydrologic system rather than spoil age. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854102","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.C., and Davis, R.E., 1986, Ground-water movement and effects of coal strip mining on water quality of high-wall lakes and aquifers in the Macon-Huntsville area, north-central Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4102, viii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854102.","productDescription":"viii, 102 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56330,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396201,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36271.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Macon-Huntsville area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.583,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.493,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.493,\n              39.708\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.583,\n              39.708\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.583,\n              39.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4995e4b07f02db5b637f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D. C.","contributorId":7291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R. E.","contributorId":77153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30112,"text":"wri854207 - 1986 - Simulation analysis of water-level changes in the Navajo sandstone due to changes in the altitude of Lake Powell near Wahweap Bay, Utah and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri854207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4207","title":"Simulation analysis of water-level changes in the Navajo sandstone due to changes in the altitude of Lake Powell near Wahweap Bay, Utah and Arizona","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, finite difference, digital computer model was used to simulate various concepts of groundwater flow near Wahweap Bay, Lake Powell. The filling of Lake Powell started in March 1963; and by 1983 the lake had risen almost 550 ft. This resulted in a maximum observed water level rise of 395 ft in a well in the Navajo Sandstone 1 mi from the lake. A steady-state model was prepared with subsurface recharge rates of 5,720 acre-ft/yr, 10,440 acre-ft/yr, and 14,820 acre-ft/yr, resulting in a range of hydraulic conductivity of 0.25 to 3.38 ft/da. Comparing measured and simulated water level changes resulted in a range of specific yield of 0.02 to 0.15. Using larger values for hydraulic conductivity in the model area corresponding to the axis of the Wahweap syncline and the Echo monocline was instrumental in attaining a reasonable match for the water level distribution. This supports previous concepts that areas where rocks are structurally deformed more readily transmit groundwater because of the higher degree of fracturing. Using the most likely simulation of the flow system, groundwater storage in the Navajo increased by about 25,000 acre ft/mi of shoreline form 1963-83, but the flow system will require about 400 yr to reach a state of equilibrium. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854207","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 1986, Simulation analysis of water-level changes in the Navajo sandstone due to changes in the altitude of Lake Powell near Wahweap Bay, Utah and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4207, v, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854207.","productDescription":"v, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58927,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, B. E.","contributorId":90767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30078,"text":"wri864011 - 1986 - Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri864011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4011","title":"Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The Piceance basin of northwestern Colorado contains large resources of oil shale, nahcolite, and dawsonite. Development of these minerals will require drainage of water from mines. A six-layer hydrologic model of the basin was prepared to simulate mine drainage for mineral development. Streams and major tributaries were simulated as head-dependent nodes. Stream nodes were gaining or losing, but the rate of loss was constrained by the leakance of the streambed and the stream stage. Springs also were simulated as head-dependent nodes that stop flowing if the aquifer head declines below the spring orifice. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864011","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., 1986, Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4011, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864011.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. 1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58888,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, O. James","contributorId":23958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28909,"text":"wri864115 - 1986 - Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to small basins in the Parachute Creek basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri864115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4115","title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to small basins in the Parachute Creek basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey 's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was calibrated and verified for two small basins in western Colorado. Average monthly mean, average monthly maximum, average annual total, and average daily mean observed and model predicted streamflow differences were small, on the average &lt; 10 %, indicating the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System can, when adequately calibrated, satisfactorily estimate these streamflow factors. Average monthly minimum streamflow generally was over-predicted, but actual differences between observed and model predicted average monthly minimum streamflow are small. To determine relative errors of streamflow prediction in ungaged basins, three different model parameter sets were used to predict streamflow in a nearby gaged basin. The first set of parameters was based on the assumption that little information about this basin was available. Model parameters used to calibrate basins approximately 75 mi away were adjusted to model this basin on the basis of easily obtainable physical basin characteristics, such as elevation and slope. The second set of parameters was based on the first set, except it was assumed that local climate information was available to estimate the model 's climatic parameters for the basin better. The second set of parameters improved streamflow estimation in this basin by about 7% over the first model parameter set. The third set of model parameters assumed that the model had been calibrated to similar, nearby basins. This model parameter set was derived from the model parameters of the earlier calibrated basins. Using these calibrated model parameter values improved streamflow estimates by approximately 21% over the second parameter set. The average difference between observed and predicted average annual streamflow for the basin using these parameters was 16.3%. For comparison, the average difference between observed and predicted average annual total streamflow for the calibration basins was 12.9%. This suggests that, with some increase in error, this model can be used to estimate streamflow in ungaged basins, if the model has been calibrated to a nearby gaged basin with similar physical characteristics. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864115","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.M., 1986, Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to small basins in the Parachute Creek basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4115, v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864115.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, J. M.","contributorId":87953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30432,"text":"wri864156 - 1986 - Technique for predicting ground-water discharge to surface coal mines and resulting changes in head","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T10:30:02","indexId":"wri864156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4156","title":"Technique for predicting ground-water discharge to surface coal mines and resulting changes in head","docAbstract":"Changes in seepage flux and head (groundwater level) from groundwater drainage into a surface coal mine can be predicted by a technique that considers drainage from the unsaturated zone. The user applies site-specific data to precalculated head and seepage-flux profiles. Groundwater flow through hypothetical aquifer cross sections was simulated using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference model, VS2D, which considers variably saturated two-dimensional flow. Conceptual models considered were (1) drainage to a first cut, and (2) drainage to multiple cuts, which includes drainage effects of an area surface mine. Dimensionless head and seepage flux profiles from 246 simulations are presented. Step-by-step instructions and examples are presented. Users are required to know aquifer characteristics and to estimate size and timing of the mine operation at a proposed site. Calculated groundwater drainage to the mine is from one excavated face only. First cut considers confined and unconfined aquifers of a wide range of permeabilities; multiple cuts considers unconfined aquifers of higher permeabilities only. The technique, developed for Illinois coal-mining regions that use area surface mining and evaluated with an actual field example, will be useful in assessing potential hydrologic impacts of mining. Application is limited to hydrogeologic settings and mine operations similar to those considered. Fracture flow, recharge, and leakage are nor considered. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864156","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L., Galloway, D., and Ishii, A., 1986, Technique for predicting ground-water discharge to surface coal mines and resulting changes in head: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4156, 217 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864156.","productDescription":"217 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59211,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6861ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, L.S.","contributorId":42261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"L.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishii, Audrey L. alishii@usgs.gov","contributorId":1818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Audrey L.","email":"alishii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27013,"text":"wri854270 - 1986 - Hydrology of the leeward aquifers, southeast Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T21:51:40.946903","indexId":"wri854270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4270","title":"Hydrology of the leeward aquifers, southeast Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The leeward southeast Oahu ground-water area includes the Waialae and Wailupe-Hawaii Kai aquifers. The Waialae aquifer is separated from the ground water of Kaimuki to the west by Palolo valley fill and the Kaau rift zone, and from the Wailupe-Hawaii Kai aquifer to the east by a line of northeast-trending volcanic dikes. The distinct ground-water head changes across these boundaries indicate that the aquifers are separate, with little or no leakage between them.\r\n\r\nA water budget of leeward southeast Oahu determined the quantity and spatial distribution of ground-water recharge. These estimates of recharge, 6 million gallons per day over the Waialae area and 9.1 million gallons per day over the Wailupe-Hawaii Kai area, were used as input to a finite-element two-dimensional ground-water flow model. Ground-water heads were simulated in the modeled aquifer for several pumping scenarios. Projected pumpage from the recently drilled wells int he area is predicted to draw the water table down about one foot from its present mean position.\r\n\r\nThe existing ground-water development of 1.4 million gallons per day is small compared to the quantity of ground water that flows through the area and discharges to the sea. Because the Waialae and Wailupe-Hawaii Kai aquifers are isolated from adjacent ground-water bodies, they can be fully developed without affecting ground-water resources outside the area.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri854270","usgsCitation":"Eyre, P.R., Ewart, C., and Shade, P.J., 1986, Hydrology of the leeward aquifers, southeast Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4270, vii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854270.","productDescription":"vii, 75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395413,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36412.htm"},{"id":55898,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.825,\n              21.031\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.65,\n              21.031\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.65,\n              21.321\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.825,\n              21.321\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.825,\n              21.031\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683083","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eyre, Paul R.","contributorId":15242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyre","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewart, Charles J.","contributorId":88759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shade, Patricia J.","contributorId":30618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shade","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27173,"text":"wri864323 - 1986 - Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri864323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4323","title":"Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois","docAbstract":"To study the effects of urbanization on water quality, the relations of several stream processes to concentrations of dissolved oxygen and other constituents were evaluated during low-flow periods for a 30.1-mi reach of Richland Creek in southwestern Illinois. The study used both measured data and computer simulations. Reaeration rates and traveltimes were measured at various flow rates using a steady-state, gas-tracer technique. Sediment-oxygen demands were measured at several locations throughout the study reach. Stream discharge, stage, temperature, and chemical-constituent concentrations were measured during two 24-hr periods in July and August 1984. The data were then used to describe water quality and to calibrate and verify the QUAL-II one-dimensional, steady-state, water quality model. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864323","usgsCitation":"Freeman, W., and Schmidt, A., 1986, Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4323, vii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864323.","productDescription":"vii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4323/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56048,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4323/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, A.R.","contributorId":79898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27174,"text":"wri854344 - 1986 - Assessment of low-flow water quality in the Du Page River, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri854344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4344","title":"Assessment of low-flow water quality in the Du Page River, Illinois","docAbstract":"The relations of several stream processes to concentrations of dissolved oxygen and other constituents during low-flow periods were evaluated for a 70.3-mile reach of the Du Page River in northeastern Illinois, using measured data and computer simulations. Reaeration rates and traveltimes were measured at various flow rates using a steady-state gas-tracer technique. Stream discharge, stage, temperature, and chemical constituent concentrations were measured during two 24-hour periods in July and August 1983. These data were used to describe water quality and to calibrate and verify the QUAL-II one dimensional, steady-state, water quality model. Dissolved oxygen concentrations did not meet the State water quality standards in several subreaches of the Du Page River. Concentrations were consistently below the State minimum dissolved oxygen standard in the downstream 8 miles of the East Branch Du Page River. Model simulations indicate that although ammonia oxidation played a role in the dissolved oxygen depletion, the primary factor was sediment oxygen demand. Other measured chemical constituents that did not comply with the State water quality standards in several subreaches of the river included ammonia, iron, fluoride, and total dissolved solids. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854344","usgsCitation":"Freeman, W., Schmidt, A., and Stamer, J., 1986, Assessment of low-flow water quality in the Du Page River, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4344, viii, 98 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854344.","productDescription":"viii, 98 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56049,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, A.R.","contributorId":79898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamer, J. K.","contributorId":47753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamer","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27245,"text":"wri864153 - 1986 - Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, and tritium movement at low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T21:29:02.151914","indexId":"wri864153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4153","title":"Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, and tritium movement at low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater flow and tritium movement are described at and near a low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois. Flow in the shallow aquifer is confined to three basins that ultimately drain into a stripmine lake. Most of the flow from the site is through a buried, pebbly sandfilled channel. Remaining flow is toward alluvium of an existing stream. Conceptual flow models for the two largest basins are used to improve definition of flow velocity and direction. Flow velocities range from about 25 to 2,500 ft/yr. Tritium was found in all three basins. The most extensive migration of tritium is coincident with buried channel. Tritium concentrations ranged from detection level to more than 300 nanocuries/L.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864153","usgsCitation":"Garklavs, G., and Healy, R.W., 1986, Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, and tritium movement at low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4153, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864153.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411452,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36580.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4153/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinios","city":"Sheffield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.796,\n              41.343\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.796,\n              41.3360\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.782,\n              41.3360\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.782,\n              41.343\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.796,\n              41.343\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garklavs, George","contributorId":87139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garklavs","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29958,"text":"wri854343 - 1986 - Cost-effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri854343","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4343","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Indiana","docAbstract":"Analysis of the stream gaging program in Indiana was divided into three phases. The first phase involved collecting information concerning the data need and the funding source for each of the 173 surface water stations in Indiana. The second phase used alternate methods to produce streamflow records at selected sites. Statistical models were used to generate stream flow data for three gaging stations. In addition, flow routing models were used at two of the sites. Daily discharges produced from models did not meet the established accuracy criteria and, therefore, these methods should not replace stream gaging procedures at those gaging stations. The third phase of the study determined the uncertainty of the rating and the error at individual gaging stations, and optimized travel routes and frequency of visits to gaging stations. The annual budget, in 1983 dollars, for operating the stream gaging program in Indiana is $823,000. The average standard error of instantaneous discharge for all continuous record gaging stations is 25.3%. A budget of $800,000 could maintain this level of accuracy if stream gaging stations were visited according to phase III results. A minimum budget of $790,000 is required to operate the gaging network. At this budget, the average standard error of instantaneous discharge would be 27.7%. A maximum budget of $1 ,000,000 was simulated in the analysis and the average standard error of instantaneous discharge was reduced to 16.8%. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854343","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.A., Miller, R.L., and Butch, G., 1986, Cost-effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4343, v, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854343.","productDescription":"v, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4343/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58776,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4343/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, J. A.","contributorId":50158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butch, G.K.","contributorId":63849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"G.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28834,"text":"wri854334 - 1986 - Hydrogeology of sand-plain aquifers in Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T19:27:52.356527","indexId":"wri854334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4334","title":"Hydrogeology of sand-plain aquifers in Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Sand-plain aquifers in parts of Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties in east-central Minnesota constitute a major aquifer system. They consist predominantly of fine to medium outwash sand with a combined areal extent of nearly 500 square miles. Saturated thickness in localized areas is as much as 90 feet. Depth to water generally is less than 20 feet. Transmissivities range from about 100 to 25,000 feet squared per day. Yields to properly constructed wells locally may exceed 2,000 gallons per minute. A reconnaissance of sandstone units underlying the outwash indicates that transmissivities of the sandstone aquifers range from 1,850 to 2,200 feet squared per day, and specific capacities range from 9 to 12 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. Locally, wells may be capable of supplying several hundred gallons per minute. Regionally, the sand-plain and sandstone aquifers are poorly connected hydraulically at all locations tested except in a small localized area near Quamba in Kanabec County.</p>\n<p>Ground water in the sand-plain aquifers can be classified chemically, based on predominant ions, as a calcium bicarbonate type that is moderately hard. Concentrations of dissolved solids range from 30 to 610 milligrams per liter. Except for locally high concentrations of iron and manganese, the quality of water is within State drinking-water standards and is suitable for most uses. There are no major differences between the quality of water in the sand-plain and sandstone aquifers.</p>\n<p>Ground-water flow, aquifer response, aquifer development, and drought conditions were simulated for sand-plain aquifers areally extensive enough to be hydrologically significant. Simulation of expanded ground-water development and drought in northern Pine County indicates that regional ground-water levels may be lowered as much as 12 feet and ground-water discharge to streams may be reduced as much as 42 percent. Simulation of expanded development and drought in southern Pine County indicates that regional ground-water levels may be lowered as much as 25 feet and ground-water discharge to streams may be reduced as much as 65 percent. The simulations also indicate that each area, especially the northern Pine County area, will support substantial additional development without dewatering the aquifer or reducing streamflow significantly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854334","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onanegozie Resource Conservation and Development Project and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., 1986, Hydrogeology of sand-plain aquifers in Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties, east-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4334, Report: vi, 66 p.; 4 Plates: 20.31 x 36.55 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854334.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 66 p.; 4 Plates: 20.31 x 36.55 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57709,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4334/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57708,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4334/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57710,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57707,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4334/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57706,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4334/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4334/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395395,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36460.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Carlton County, Kanabec County, Pine County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0603,46.767],[-92.7423,46.7675],[-92.7317,46.7674],[-92.6654,46.7693],[-92.5972,46.7666],[-92.4819,46.7667],[-92.4733,46.7666],[-92.2991,46.7652],[-92.2963,46.6661],[-92.2883,46.6679],[-92.2884,46.6633],[-92.289,46.5936],[-92.2892,46.5183],[-92.2893,46.4694],[-92.2892,46.4176],[-92.289,46.3442],[-92.2889,46.2632],[-92.2893,46.2192],[-92.2894,46.159],[-92.2896,46.0928],[-92.2897,46.0846],[-92.2899,46.0706],[-92.3025,46.0682],[-92.3144,46.0665],[-92.3225,46.0635],[-92.3289,46.0597],[-92.3335,46.0566],[-92.3356,46.0529],[-92.3383,46.0488],[-92.3383,46.0461],[-92.3392,46.0421],[-92.3419,46.0389],[-92.3419,46.0384],[-92.3421,46.0361],[-92.3405,46.0337],[-92.3386,46.0305],[-92.3393,46.0278],[-92.3418,46.0234],[-92.3447,46.021],[-92.3473,46.0178],[-92.3493,46.0151],[-92.3505,46.014],[-92.3513,46.0134],[-92.352,46.0128],[-92.3547,46.011],[-92.3581,46.0097],[-92.3612,46.0101],[-92.3653,46.0102],[-92.3664,46.0102],[-92.3704,46.0111],[-92.3769,46.0126],[-92.3841,46.0149],[-92.388,46.0149],[-92.3922,46.0166],[-92.3945,46.0186],[-92.3986,46.0203],[-92.4043,46.0219],[-92.4091,46.0223],[-92.4134,46.0229],[-92.418,46.022],[-92.422,46.0211],[-92.4262,46.0195],[-92.4314,46.017],[-92.4363,46.0144],[-92.4391,46.0126],[-92.4405,46.0098],[-92.4412,46.0071],[-92.4418,46.0047],[-92.4419,46.003],[-92.4445,46.0012],[-92.4472,46.0003],[-92.4498,45.9989],[-92.4512,45.9967],[-92.4511,45.9944],[-92.4523,45.9921],[-92.4545,45.9907],[-92.4565,45.9894],[-92.4595,45.9877],[-92.4612,45.9858],[-92.4622,45.9841],[-92.4622,45.9836],[-92.4617,45.9814],[-92.4613,45.9798],[-92.4613,45.9789],[-92.4626,45.9771],[-92.4646,45.9762],[-92.4672,45.9748],[-92.4699,45.9739],[-92.4738,45.9732],[-92.4744,45.9732],[-92.4784,45.9735],[-92.4849,45.9749],[-92.4882,45.9745],[-92.4914,45.9745],[-92.4948,45.9762],[-92.4953,45.9764],[-92.4979,45.9787],[-92.5005,45.9801],[-92.5042,45.98],[-92.5051,45.98],[-92.5084,45.9802],[-92.5116,45.9816],[-92.5143,45.9823],[-92.5148,45.9825],[-92.5182,45.9825],[-92.5234,45.9821],[-92.5272,45.9814],[-92.528,45.9811],[-92.5317,45.9798],[-92.5353,45.9785],[-92.5399,45.9753],[-92.5432,45.9731],[-92.5454,45.9711],[-92.5472,45.9685],[-92.5492,45.9658],[-92.5505,45.9635],[-92.5499,45.9608],[-92.5499,45.958],[-92.5487,45.9553],[-92.5487,45.9525],[-92.5508,45.9508],[-92.552,45.9503],[-92.5526,45.9502],[-92.5547,45.95],[-92.5552,45.95],[-92.5592,45.9499],[-92.5644,45.9498],[-92.5697,45.9484],[-92.5702,45.9483],[-92.5756,45.9468],[-92.5831,45.9439],[-92.5869,45.9419],[-92.5914,45.9414],[-92.596,45.9414],[-92.6007,45.9406],[-92.6011,45.9404],[-92.6039,45.939],[-92.6045,45.9387],[-92.6083,45.9369],[-92.6118,45.9351],[-92.6151,45.9338],[-92.6183,45.9329],[-92.6223,45.9324],[-92.6257,45.9319],[-92.6297,45.9323],[-92.6323,45.9317],[-92.6328,45.9315],[-92.6356,45.9312],[-92.638,45.9289],[-92.6387,45.9271],[-92.6386,45.9257],[-92.6401,45.9243],[-92.6427,45.9239],[-92.6446,45.9239],[-92.6483,45.9236],[-92.6516,45.924],[-92.6548,45.923],[-92.6584,45.9217],[-92.665,45.9182],[-92.6714,45.9152],[-92.6742,45.9131],[-92.6742,45.9117],[-92.6749,45.9099],[-92.6749,45.9081],[-92.6756,45.9058],[-92.6784,45.9043],[-92.6813,45.9031],[-92.6851,45.9012],[-92.6887,45.9004],[-92.6917,45.8991],[-92.6953,45.8972],[-92.698,45.8958],[-92.7012,45.8949],[-92.7045,45.894],[-92.7071,45.8926],[-92.7078,45.8922],[-92.7108,45.8901],[-92.7139,45.8877],[-92.7179,45.8848],[-92.7183,45.8844],[-92.7236,45.8795],[-92.729,45.8736],[-92.732,45.8681],[-92.7331,45.8639],[-92.735,45.8576],[-92.7364,45.851],[-92.7378,45.848],[-92.7387,45.8459],[-92.7424,45.8421],[-92.7463,45.8398],[-92.7516,45.8371],[-92.7568,45.8349],[-92.7609,45.8321],[-92.7625,45.8302],[-92.7619,45.8248],[-92.759,45.8194],[-92.7569,45.8158],[-92.7541,45.8121],[-92.7545,45.8088],[-92.7559,45.8056],[-92.7595,45.8019],[-92.7626,45.7991],[-92.7658,45.7975],[-92.7664,45.7972],[-92.7703,45.7947],[-92.7723,45.7924],[-92.7743,45.7892],[-92.7763,45.786],[-92.777,45.7828],[-92.7777,45.7787],[-92.7791,45.7732],[-92.7811,45.7691],[-92.7829,45.7654],[-92.7849,45.762],[-92.7886,45.7582],[-92.7915,45.7561],[-92.7943,45.7541],[-92.7976,45.7518],[-92.8002,45.75],[-92.8006,45.7497],[-92.8035,45.7477],[-92.8063,45.7454],[-92.8084,45.7435],[-92.8088,45.7431],[-92.8114,45.7409],[-92.8176,45.7369],[-92.8245,45.7332],[-92.8286,45.7318],[-92.8773,45.7316],[-92.9158,45.7313],[-93.1408,45.7312],[-93.5133,45.7335],[-93.5212,45.9801],[-93.4321,45.9815],[-93.428,46.1541],[-93.2337,46.1611],[-93.0512,46.1584],[-93.0495,46.3168],[-93.0532,46.3562],[-93.0527,46.419],[-93.0536,46.5932],[-93.0608,46.5937],[-93.0623,46.6739],[-93.0603,46.767]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Carlton\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6244e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myette, C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27837,"text":"wri864004 - 1986 - Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T20:44:20.565241","indexId":"wri864004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4004","title":"Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","docAbstract":"<p>Flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures and embankments. A method for simulating these flood hydrographs at ungaged sites in Georgia is presented in this report.</p><p>The O'Donnell method was used to compute unit hydrographs and lagtimes for 355 floods at 80 gaging stations. An average unit hydrograph and an average lagtime were computed for each station. These average unit hydrographs were transformed to unit hydrographs having durations of one-fourth, one-third, one-half, and three-fourths lagtime, then reduced to dimensionless terms by dividing the time by lagtime and the discharge by peak discharge. Hydrographs were simulated for these 355 floods and their widths were compared with the widths of the observed hydrographs at 50 and 75 percent of peak flow. The dimensionless hydrograph based on one-half lagtime duration provided the best fit of the observed data.</p><p>Multiple-regression analysis was then used to define relations between lagtime and certain physical basin characteristics, of which drainage area and slope were found to be significant for the rural-stream equations, and drainage area, slope, and impervious area were found to be significant for the Atlanta urban-stream equation.</p><p>A hydrograph can be simulated from the dimensionless hydrograph, the peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval, and the lagtime obtained from regression equations for any site with less than a 500 square mile drainage area in Georgia.</p><p>For simulating hydrographs at sites with basins larger than 500 square miles, the U.S. Geological Survey computer model CONROUT can be used. This model routes streamflow from an upstream channel location to a user-defined location downstream. The product of CONROUT is a simulated discharge hydrograph for the downstream site, which has a peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval. The diffusion-analogy routing method with single linearization was used in this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Georgia Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Inman, E.J., 1986, Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4004, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864004.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":27002,"text":"wri854171 - 1986 - Water-quality appraisal of NASQAN stations below impoundments, eastern Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri854171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4171","title":"Water-quality appraisal of NASQAN stations below impoundments, eastern Tennessee","docAbstract":"The National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) is a network of stations at which systematic and continuing water quality data are collected. Major objectives of this U.S. Geological Survey program are: (1) to depict areal variability of streamflow and water quality conditions nationwide on a year-by-year basis and (2) to detect long-term changes in streamflow and stream quality. Several NASQAN stations in East Tennessee are downstream from impoundments which have a significant effect on water quality. NASQAN data obtained from the Tennessee River below Watts Bar Dam and the Clinch River below Melton Hill Dam were compared to water quality data from the basins upstream. The comparison indicates that NASQAN data obtained below impoundments may not be adequate to describe a composite picture of water quality in the accounting unit. Detention time of storage in the impoundments is believed to moderate the range of constituent values observed at the NASQAN stations. Data obtained upstream and downstream from Watts Bar Dam indicate that the water sampled at the NASQAN station comes from stratified layers of the impoundment and is not representative of an integrated sample of water from the impoundment. Values of total recoverable iron suggest that, because of adsorption onto sediments in impoundments, some constituents are not accurately described by sampling below impoundments. Relations between water quality constituents and flow at stations on the Clinch River and Tennessee River are not well defined due to regulation. Direct load computations for many constituents were therefore not possible, which diminished the utility of data from these NASQAN stations to account for quantity versus quality of the water. Load computations were only possible for ionic constituents through use of a continuous specific conductance record as an intermediary. Rivers might reflect the decreasing trend in discharge during the 1972-82 water years. Thus the stations below Watts Bar Dam and below Melton Hill Dam do not adequately meet the NASQAN objective to detect and assess long-term changes in stream quality. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854171","usgsCitation":"Evaldi, R., and Lewis, J., 1986, Water-quality appraisal of NASQAN stations below impoundments, eastern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4171, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854171.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri85-4171","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evaldi, R. D.","contributorId":93909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, J.G.","contributorId":32570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29921,"text":"wri844350 - 1986 - Evaluation of six methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak discharges on urban streams in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri844350","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4350","title":"Evaluation of six methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak discharges on urban streams in New York","docAbstract":"Six methods of estimating peak discharges of urban streams were compared and evaluated for applicability to urban streams in New York. Discharge and frequency values developed from a series of synthesized annual flood records were compared with values obtained from the six methods. The synthesized flood records were computed from rainfall-runoff models of 11 urban basins in three counties across the State. Four of these basins had a sufficient period of record to enable rainfall-runoff modeling of two different 5-year periods so that increases in peak flow due to increased urbanization could also be used for comparison of the six methods. A graphical analysis and three types of mathematical analyses were made to evaluate the closeness of fit and bias of the methods. All methods showed a tendency to overestimate synthetic urban flood-magnitude values, but the two adjust rural flood-frequency estimates on a nationwide basis showed smallest standard errors of estimate and bias. The standard errors for these two methods ranged from 44 to 57 percent over the six recurrence intervals (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 year), and the bias ranged from +28 to +53 percent. The bias , however, is probably due to errors inherent in using synthetic records and in applying the New York rural flood-frequency equations to urban basins with small drainage areas. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844350","usgsCitation":"Stedfast, D., 1986, Evaluation of six methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak discharges on urban streams in New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4350, iv, 24 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844350.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4350/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58741,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4350/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stedfast, D.A.","contributorId":89520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedfast","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27637,"text":"wri864135 - 1986 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 12, Bellevue, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T13:07:14","indexId":"wri864135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4135","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 12, Bellevue, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The water level of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the locks and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 12, at Bellevue, Iowa, were developed from current-meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to accurately compute the gate openings of the tainter gates. Discharge coefficients, in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater head , forebay head, and height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged-orifice and fee-weir flow. A comparison of the rating discharges to the hydraulic-model rating discharges is given for submerged orifice flow for the tainter and roller gates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri864135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A.J., 1986, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 12, Bellevue, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4135, viii, 43 p.: ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864135.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.: ill., map; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264593,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4135/report.pdf","size":"2610","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Bellevue","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.43044090270996,\n              42.25412485110986\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.43044090270996,\n              42.272926713532335\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.39018630981444,\n              42.272926713532335\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.39018630981444,\n              42.25412485110986\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.43044090270996,\n              42.25412485110986\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, Albert J.","contributorId":43355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26318,"text":"wri824002 - 1986 - Preliminary delineation and description of the regional aquifers of Tennessee – The central basin aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T11:56:21.64265","indexId":"wri824002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4002","title":"Preliminary delineation and description of the regional aquifers of Tennessee – The central basin aquifer system","docAbstract":"A sand and gravel aquifer about 65 feet thick underlies Wurtsmith Air Force Base in northeastern lower Michigan. The water table ranges in depth from 10 feet to 25 feet below land surface. Mathematical models indicate that ground-water flow ranges from 0.8 feet per day in the eastern part of the Base to 0.3 feet per day in the western part. Trichlorethylene leaked from a buried storage tank in the southeastern part of the Base and moved northeastward in a plume, contaminating Base water-supply wells. Concentrations exceed 1,000 micrograms per liter in the most highly contaminated part of the plume. Purge pumping removed some of the trichloroethylene and seems to have arrested its eastward movement. Pumping of additional purge wells could increase the rate of removal. 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V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, M. W.","contributorId":40610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28343,"text":"wri864022 - 1986 - Numerical simulation of advective-dispersive multisolute transport with sorption, ion exchange and equilibrium chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri864022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4022","title":"Numerical simulation of advective-dispersive multisolute transport with sorption, ion exchange and equilibrium chemistry","docAbstract":"A model was developed that can simulate the effect of certain chemical and sorption reactions simultaneously among solutes involved in advective-dispersive transport through porous media. The model is based on a methodology that utilizes physical-chemical relationships in the development of the basic solute mass-balance equations; however, the form of these equations allows their solution to be obtained by methods that do not depend on the chemical processes. The chemical environment is governed by the condition of local chemical equilibrium, and may be defined either by the linear sorption of a single species and two soluble complexation reactions which also involve that species, or binary ion exchange and one complexation reaction involving a common ion. Partial differential equations that describe solute mass balance entirely in the liquid phase are developed for each tenad (a chemical entity whose total mass is independent of the reaction process) in terms of their total dissolved concentration. These equations are solved numerically in two dimensions through the modification of an existing groundwater flow/transport computer code. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864022","usgsCitation":"Lewis, F., Voss, C., and Rubin, J., 1986, Numerical simulation of advective-dispersive multisolute transport with sorption, ion exchange and equilibrium chemistry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4022, vi, 165 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864022.","productDescription":"vi, 165 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57151,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, F.M.","contributorId":83966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27638,"text":"wri864134 - 1986 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 13, Fulton, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T13:13:10","indexId":"wri864134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4134","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 13, Fulton, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>The water level of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the locks and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 13, at Fullerton, Illinois, were developed from current-meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to accurately compute the gate openings of the tainter gates. Discharge coefficients, in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater head , forebay head, and height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged-orifice and free-weir flow. A comparison of the rating discharges to the hydraulic-model rating discharges is given for submerged orifice flow for the tainter and roller gates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri864134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A.J., 1986, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 13, Fulton, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4134, viii, 43 p.: ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864134.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.: ill., map; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264595,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4134/report.pdf","size":"2409","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Fulton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.18286228179932,\n              41.86051618421169\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.18286228179932,\n              41.867643341764655\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.16363620758055,\n              41.867643341764655\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.16363620758055,\n              41.86051618421169\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.18286228179932,\n              41.86051618421169\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, Albert J.","contributorId":43355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26131,"text":"wri864322 - 1986 - Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges from urban basins in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri864322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4322","title":"Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges from urban basins in Missouri","docAbstract":"Techniques are defined for estimating the magnitude and frequency of future flood peak discharges of rainfall-induced runoff from small urban basins in Missouri. These techniques were developed from an initial analysis of flood records of 96 gaged sites in Missouri and adjacent states. Final regression equations are based on a balanced, representative sampling of 37 gaged sites in Missouri. This sample included 9 statewide urban study sites, 18 urban sites in St. Louis County, and 10 predominantly rural sites statewide. Short-term records were extended on the basis of long-term climatic records and use of a rainfall-runoff model. Linear least-squares regression analyses were used with log-transformed variables to relate flood magnitudes of selected recurrence intervals (dependent variables) to selected drainage basin indexes (independent variables). For gaged urban study sites within the State, the flood peak estimates are from the frequency curves defined from the synthesized long-term discharge records. Flood frequency estimates are made for ungaged sites by using regression equations that require determination of the drainage basin size and either the percentage of impervious area or a basin development factor. Alternative sets of equations are given for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-yr recurrence interval floods. The average standard errors of estimate range from about 33% for the 2-yr flood to 26% for the 100-yr flood. The techniques for estimation are applicable to flood flows that are not significantly affected by storage caused by manmade activities. Flood peak discharge estimating equations are considered applicable for sites on basins draining approximately 0.25 to 40 sq mi. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864322","usgsCitation":"Becker, L., 1986, Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges from urban basins in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4322, vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864322.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4322/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54928,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4322/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, L.D.","contributorId":84797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28393,"text":"wri864019 - 1986 - Potential effects of anticipated coal mining on salinity of the Price, San Rafael, and Green Rivers, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri864019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4019","title":"Potential effects of anticipated coal mining on salinity of the Price, San Rafael, and Green Rivers, Utah","docAbstract":"The impact of anticipated coal mining in Utah on the salinity of the Price, San Rafael, and Green Rivers is to be addressed in the repermitting of existing mines and permitting of new mines. To determine the potential impacts, mathematical models were developed for the Price and San Rafael River basins. Little impact on the quantity and quality of streamflow is expected for the Price and San Rafael Rivers. The increase in mean monthly flow of the Price River downstream from Scofield Reservoir is projected as 3.5 cu ft/sec, ranging from 1.7% in June to 140% in February. The potential increase in dissolved solids concentration downstream from Scofield Reservoir would range from 10.4% in June and July (from 202 to 223 mg/L) to 97.0% in February (from 202 to 398 mg/L). However, the concentration of the mixture of mine water with the existing flow released from Scofield Reservoir would contain less than 500 mg/L of dissolved solids. At the mouth of the Price River, the potential increase in mean monthly flow is projected as 12.6 cu ft/sec, ranging from 3.7% in May to 37.7% in January. The potential changes in dissolved solids concentration would range from a 20.7% decrease in January (from 3,677 to 2,917 mg/L) to a 1.3% increase in June (from 1,911 to 1,935 mg/L). At the mouth of the San Rafael River , the potential increase in mean monthly flow ranges from 2.9 cu ft/sec in February to 6.7 cu ft/sec in May, with the increase ranging from 0.8% in June to 12.6% in November. The potential changes in dissolved solids concentration would range from a 5.3 % decrease in March (from 2,318 to 2,195 mg/L) to a 0.6% increase in May (from 1,649 to 1,659 mg/L). The anticipated mining in the Price and San Rafael River basins is not expected to cause a detectable change in the quantity and quality of streamflow in the Green River. The projected peak increase in flow resulting from discharge from the mines is less than 0.3% of the average flow in the Green River. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri864019","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., 1986, Potential effects of anticipated coal mining on salinity of the Price, San Rafael, and Green Rivers, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4019, vi, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864019.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57192,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29707,"text":"wri854052 - 1986 - Calibration and verification of a streamflow simulation model for the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri854052","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4052","title":"Calibration and verification of a streamflow simulation model for the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort, Kentucky","docAbstract":"A streamflow-routing model was developed to simulate flows that could be used to evaluate stresses on the streamflow characteristics of the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort. The study area was divided into four reaches, and the model simulated daily streamflows at the downstream ends of each reach. Statistical analyses on the observed and simulated flows between October 1, 1940 and September 30, 1981, were compared to evaluate the model. Observed and simulated annual minimum 7-day average discharges compared satisfactorily. Frequency analyses showed the 7-day, 10-year simulated low flow values to be about 7 to 29 percent less than the observed flows. Flow duration curves showed very close comparison between observed and simulated discharges. These statistical results indicate the model was calibrated sufficiently to give reasonable simulated values. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854052","usgsCitation":"Sholar, C., 1986, Calibration and verification of a streamflow simulation model for the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4052, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854052.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sholar, C.J.","contributorId":44186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholar","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}