![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si1.gif\" "\\"\\"")
The spatial and temporal variability of sensitivities has a significant impact on parameter estimation and sampling design for studies of solute transport in porous media. Physical insight into the behavior of sensitivities is offered through an analysis of analytically derived sensitivities for the one-dimensional form of the advection-dispersion equation. When parameters are estimated in regression models of one-dimensional transport, the spatial and temporal variability in sensitivities influences variance and covariance of parameter estimates. Several principles account for the observed influence of sensitivities on parameter uncertainty. (1) Information about a physical parameter may be most accurately gained at points in space and time with a high sensitivity to the parameter. (2) As the distance of observation points from the upstream boundary increases, maximum sensitivity to velocity during passage of the solute front increases and the consequent estimate of velocity tends to have lower variance. (3) The frequency of sampling must be “in phase” with the S shape of the dispersion sensitivity curve to yield the most information on dispersion. (4) The sensitivity to the dispersion coefficient is usually at least an order of magnitude less than the sensitivity to velocity. (5) The assumed probability distribution of random error in observations of solute concentration determines the form of the sensitivities. (6) If variance in random error in observations is large, trends in sensitivities of observation points may be obscured by noise and thus have limited value in predicting variance in parameter estimates among designs. (7) Designs that minimize the variance of one parameter may not necessarily minimize the variance of other parameters. (8) The time and space interval over which an observation point is sensitive to a given parameter depends on the actual values of the parameters in the underlying physical system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i002p00253","usgsCitation":"Knopman, D.S., and Voss, C.I., 1987, Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 2, p. 253-272, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i002p00253.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef7de4b0c8380cd4a285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopman, Debra S.","contributorId":51472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopman","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014633,"text":"70014633 - 1987 - CONCEPTUAL MODELS FOR THE LASSEN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014633","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1141,"text":"Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CONCEPTUAL MODELS FOR THE LASSEN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM.","docAbstract":"The Lassen hydrothermal system, like a number of other systems in regions of moderate to great topographic relief, includes steam-heated features at higher elevations and high-chloride springs at lower elevations, connected to and fed by a single circulation system at depth. Two conceptual models for such systems are presented. They are similar in several ways: however, there are basic differences in terms of the nature and extent of vapor-dominated conditions beneath the steam-heated features. For some Lassen-like systems, these differences could have environmental and economic implications. Available data do not make it possible to establish a single preferred model for the Lassen system, and the actual system is complex enough that both models may apply to different parts of the system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01607782","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., and Sorey, M., 1987, CONCEPTUAL MODELS FOR THE LASSEN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM.: Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council, v. 16, no. 2, p. 3-9.","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dee4b0c8380cd4b447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014631,"text":"70014631 - 1987 - Gravitational stresses in anisotropic rock masses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:19:12","indexId":"70014631","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravitational stresses in anisotropic rock masses","docAbstract":"This paper presents closed-form solutions for the stress field induced by gravity in anisotropic rock masses. These rocks are assumed to be laterally restrained and are modelled as a homogeneous, orthotropic or transversely isotropic, linearly elastic material. The analysis, constrained by the thermodynamic requirement that strain energy be positive definite, gives the following important result: inclusion of anisotropy broadens the range of permissible values of gravity-induced horizontal stresses. In fact, for some ranges of anisotropic rock properties, it is thermodynamically admissible for gravity-induced horizontal stresses to exceed the vertical stress component; this is not possible for the classical isotropic solution. Specific examples are presented to explore the nature of the gravity-induced stress field in anisotropic rocks and its dependence on the type, degree and orientation of anisotropy with respect to the horizontal ground surface. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(87)91227-7","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Amadei, B., Savage, W.Z., and Swolfs, H., 1987, Gravitational stresses in anisotropic rock masses: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 24, no. 1, p. 5-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(87)91227-7.","productDescription":"p.5-14","startPage":"5","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265943,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(87)91227-7"},{"id":225268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29f4e4b0c8380cd5ada0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amadei, B.","contributorId":86902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amadei","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swolfs, H.S.","contributorId":70759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swolfs","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014597,"text":"70014597 - 1987 - Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:24:36","indexId":"70014597","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","docAbstract":"Methodologies that account for specific types of chemical reactions in the simulation of solute transport can be developed so they are compatible with solution algorithms employed in existing transport codes. This enables the simulation of reactive transport in complex multidimensional flow regimes, and provides a means for existing codes to account for some of the fundamental chemical processes that occur among transported solutes. Two equilibrium-controlled reaction systems demonstrate a methodology for accommodating chemical interaction into models of solute transport. One system involves the sorption of a given chemical species, as well as two aqueous complexations in which the sorbing species is a participant. The other reaction set involves binary ion exchange coupled with aqueous complexation involving one of the exchanging species. The methodology accommodates these reaction systems through the addition of nonlinear terms to the transport equations for the sorbing species. Example simulation results show (1) the effect equilibrium chemical parameters have on the spatial distributions of concentration for complexing solutes; (2) that an interrelationship exists between mechanical dispersion and the various reaction processes; (3) that dispersive parameters of the porous media cannot be determined from reactive concentration distributions unless the reaction is accounted for or the influence of the reaction is negligible; (4) how the concentration of a chemical species may be significantly affected by its participation in an aqueous complex with a second species which also sorbs; and (5) that these coupled chemical processes influencing reactive transport can be demonstrated in two-dimensional flow regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Lewis, F., Voss, C.I., and Rubin, J., 1987, Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 81-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9255e4b08c986b319e51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, F.M.","contributorId":83966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, J.","contributorId":26433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014595,"text":"70014595 - 1987 - Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:24:29","indexId":"70014595","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River","docAbstract":"An application is described of the branch-network flow model, BRANCH, to the upper Alabama River system in central Alabama. The model is used to simulate one-dimensional unsteady flows and water surface elevations in approximately 60 river miles of the Alabama River system. Preliminary calibration was made using 72 hours of observed data. Simulated discharges are about 10 percent lower than observed discharges at higher discharge rates and computed flows lag observed flows by about 30 minutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00810.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Jeffcoat, H.H., and Jennings, M.E., 1987, Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 23, no. 2, p. 313-315, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00810.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.43218994140625,\n 32.36372329228304\n ],\n [\n -85.79498291015624,\n 32.36372329228304\n ],\n [\n -85.79498291015624,\n 32.72375394304274\n ],\n [\n -86.43218994140625,\n 32.72375394304274\n ],\n [\n -86.43218994140625,\n 32.36372329228304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dce4b0c8380cd4b438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffcoat, Hillary H.","contributorId":18401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffcoat","given":"Hillary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014584,"text":"70014584 - 1987 - Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:41:36.653581","indexId":"70014584","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface","docAbstract":"The sulfur isotopic composition of the sulfur fluxes occurring in the anoxic marine sediments of Cape Lookout Bight, N.C., U.S.A., was determined, and the result of isotopic mass balance was obtained via the differential diffusion model. Seasonal pore water sulfate δ34S measurements yielded a calculated sulfate input of 0.6%.. Sulfate transported into the sediments via diffusion appeared to be enriched in the lighter isotope because its concentration gradient was steeper, due to the increase in the measured isotopic composition of sulfate with depth. Similarly, the back diffusion of dissolved sulfide towards the sediment-water interface appeared enriched in the heavier isotope. The isotopic composition of this flux was calculated from measurements of the δ34S of dissolved sulfide and was determined to be 15.9%.. The isotopic composition of buried sulfide was determined to be −5.2%. and the detrital sulfur input was estimated to be −6.2%.. An isotope mass balance equation based upon the fluxes at the sediment-water interface successfully predicted the isotopic composition of the buried sulfur flux within 0.5%., thus confirming that isotopes diffuse in response to their individual concentration gradients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90212-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Chanton, J., Martens, C., and Goldhaber, M., 1987, Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1201-1208, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90212-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1208","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f151e4b0c8380cd4abae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chanton, J. P.","contributorId":7429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chanton","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martens, C.S.","contributorId":42718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014582,"text":"70014582 - 1987 - Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:39:09","indexId":"70014582","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","docAbstract":"Dissolution of synthetic strontianite-aragonite solid solutions was followed analytically to stoichiometric saturation using large solid to solution ratios in CO2-H2O solution at 25 and 76°C. The compositional dependence of the equilibrium constant was calculated from the composition of saturated (stoichiometric) solutions and used to calculate the activities and activity coefficients of CaCO3 and SrCO3 in the solid Ca(1−x)SrxCO3 at 25 and 76°C. The results show that the solid-solution is not regular but unsymmetrical. The excess free energy of mixing is closely modeled for all compositions by the relation
\nwhere A0 is 8.49 ± 0.30 and 7.71 ± 0.20 KJ/mole and A1 is −4.51 ± 0.20 and −3.36 ± 0.40 KJ/mole at 25 and 76°C, respectively. The equilibrium constant is denned as a function of the SrCO3 mole fraction, x, by the relation
\n![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si2.gif\" "\\"\\"")
where R is the gas constant, T is in Kelvins and KA and KS are the aragonite and strontianite equilibrium constants.
\n\n
The experimental results indicate the Henry's law coefficients of SrCO3 in aragonites containing 0 to 6 mole percent SrCO3 are approximately 91± 8 and 23 ± 1 at 25 and 76°C, respectively and for strontianites the Henry's law coefficients and applicable compositional ranges are approximately 7.3 ± 0.3 (0.84 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) and 3.3 ± 0.5 (0.50 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) at 25 and 76°C, respectively. Substitution of small amounts of Sr in aragonite and Ca in strontianite initially increases the stability of the solid. The most stable aragonites and strontianites contain 0.58 ± 0.03 and 12.5 ± 1.1 mole percent SrCO3 and CaCO3 at 25°C and 3.1 ± 0.3 and 17.2 ± 1.1 mole percent SrCO3 and CaCO3 at 76°C, respectively. The spinode occurs over the regions 0.065 ± 0.001 ≤ x ≤ 0.620 ± 0.014 at 25°C and 0.103 ± 0.007 ≤ x ≤ 0.585 ± 0.019 at 76°C where all compositions are unstable. A miscibility gap occurs over the compositional ranges 0.0058 ± 0.0003 ≤ x ≤ 0.875 ± 0.011 at 25°C and 0.031 ± 0.003 ≤ x ≤ 0.828 ± 0.011 at 76°C and is in reasonable agreement with reported compositions of natural aragonites and strontianites. Marine aragonites are neither at equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation with surface seawater. The experimentally observed distribution coefficient of Sr in aragonite is 12 times larger than the calculated equilibrium value (0.095) at 25°C. Naturally occurring strontianites contain large amounts of calcium primarily because Ca/Sr ratios in natural waters are typically large.
\nNeither equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation is observed at 76°C during laboratory recrystallization of strontianite-aragonite solid solutions even after apparent 100 percent conversion to a narrow secondary composition and demonstration of a nearly constant composition system for periods of 300 hours.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1987, Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1393-1411, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1411","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb27fe4b08c986b32583c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014570,"text":"70014570 - 1987 - Large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:35:05.363121","indexId":"70014570","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions on Mars","docAbstract":"The process of volcano-ground ice interaction on Mars is investigated by thermodynamic calculations and observations of Viking Orbiter images. We develop a numerical model of volcano-ground ice interaction that includes heat transport by conduction, radiation from the surface, heat transfer to the atmosphere, and H2O phase changes in an ice-rich permafrost. We consider eruption of lava flows over permafrost, and intrusion of sills into permafrost. For eruption of lava over permafrost, most of the heat in the flow is lost by radiation and atmospheric effects. The amount of H2O liquid and vapor produced is small, and its removal would not be sufficient to cause collapse that would lower the surface of the lava flow below the surrounding terrain. For intrusion of a sill, most of the heat in the sill eventually goes into H2O phase changes, producing much larger amounts of water that could have profound geomorphic and geochemical effects. Approximate meltwater discharge rates are calculated for both extrusive and intrusive interactions. We examine two large regions of large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions. Near Aeolis Mensae, intrusion of a complex of dikes and sills into ice-rich ground has produced substantial melting, with mobilization and flow of material. This interaction probably also produced large quantities of palagonite tuff and breccia. Morphologic evidence for progressive fluidization implies that meltwater was stored beneath the surface for some time, and that most of the release of water and volcanic mudflow took place late in the interaction. Northeast of Hellas, several large channels emanate from the area near the volcano Hadriaca Patera. If genetically related to the volcanic activity, large collapse features at the sources of some channels must have originated due to heat from large buried magma bodies. A channel emerging directly from the base of Hadriaca Patera may have originated from release of heat from thick extruded material. Other small channels in the region results from heat released from surface lava flows. Inferred channel discharges may be compared to discharge rates calculated for lava-ground ice interactions. Such comparisons show that meltwater probably accumulated beneath the surface and then was released rapidly, with a discharge rate limited by soil permeability. Volcano-ground ice interaction has been a widespread and important geologic process on Mars, and may be the primary source of palagonites making up the ubiquitous Martian dust.
A Lagrangian reference frame is used to solve the convection‐dispersion equation and interpret water‐quality data obtained from the Chattahoochee River. The model was calibrated using unsteady concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate obtained during June 1977 and verified using data obtained during August 1976. Reaction kinetics of the cascade type are shown to provide a reasonable description of the nitrogenspecies processes in the Chattahoochee River. The conceptual model is easy to visualize in the physical sense and the output includes information that is not easily determined from an Eulerian approach, but which is very helpful in model calibration and data interpretation. For example, the model output allows one to determine which data are of most value in model calibration or verification.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:2(223)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H., 1987, Langrangian model of nitrogen kinetics in the Chattahoochee River: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 113, no. 2, p. 223-242, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:2(223).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a446ee4b0c8380cd66ad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014497,"text":"70014497 - 1987 - EMBANKMENT-DAM BREACH PARAMETERS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014497","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EMBANKMENT-DAM BREACH PARAMETERS.","docAbstract":"The study used data from 43 embankment-dam failures to develop equations that predict breach formation model parameters. These data include the failure mode, embankment characteristics, reservoir conditions at the time of failure, geometry of the final breach, and the time taken to form the breach. Regression equations were developed to predict (1) the average width of a trapezoidal breach, (2) the average side-slope factor of a trapezoidal breach, and (3) the breach formation time.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872626105","usgsCitation":"Froehlich, D.C., 1987, EMBANKMENT-DAM BREACH PARAMETERS., Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference., Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 570-575.","startPage":"570","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ee4b0c8380cd50944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014471,"text":"70014471 - 1987 - GEOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF-MODEL PARAMETERS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014471","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GEOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF-MODEL PARAMETERS.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey is developing techniques to estimate and evaluate unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameter values for rainfall-runoff models using Geographic Information System (GIS) procedures. The data base includes basin, soil, and climatological characteristics that will be stored in a GIS, and unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameters obtained from calibration of a commonly used flood-hydrograph rainfall-runoff model for 616 storms in 98 gaged drainage basins. Development of unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameter-estimation techniques includes statistical methods (exploratory data analysis, regression analysis, and categorical data analysis) to relate the model parameters to hydrologic characteristics. The estimation techniques are evaluated by use of error analysis of simulated hydrograph characteristics (peak discharge, flood volume, and time to peak discharge). The hydrographs will be simulated with parameters estimated by the techniques for (1) 102 storms occurring at 36 gaged basins; and (2) a large storm system (one which produced floods with a 50-to 100-year recurrence interval).","conferenceTitle":"Engineering Hydrology, Proceedings of the Symposium. Held Jointly with the ASCE National Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872626113","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, A.R., Weiss, L.S., and Oberg, K.A., 1987, GEOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF-MODEL PARAMETERS., Engineering Hydrology, Proceedings of the Symposium. Held Jointly with the ASCE National Conference., Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 551-554.","startPage":"551","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a144ce4b0c8380cd549b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Arthur R.","contributorId":105709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, Linda S. lsweiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Linda","email":"lsweiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014470,"text":"70014470 - 1987 - Benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf and upper slope, Russian River area, northern California ( USA).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T12:09:49","indexId":"70014470","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf and upper slope, Russian River area, northern California ( USA).","docAbstract":"We analyzed benthic foraminifers from 71 surface samples collected from the sea floor of the continental margin. One hundred and six different taxa were identified, and Q-mode factor analysis was used to identify assemblages. Six foraminiferal assemblage factors explain 94% of the variation in the data matrix. The Inner Shelf Assemblage is characterized by Trichohyalus ornatissima, Rotalia columbiensis, Cassidulina limbata, Cibicides fletcheri, Elphidiella hannai and Elphidium sp. 1 and occupies water depths less than 50 m. The Middle Shelf Assemblage is characterized by Nonionella basispinata, Elphidium excavatum and Florilus labradoricus and occupies water depths between 50 and 90 m. A Middle Shelf to Upper Bathyal Assemblage is characterized by Uvigerina juncea, Globobulimina spp. and Nonionella basispinata and occupies depths between about 90 and 450 m. Two overlapping assemblages make up the Upper Middle Bathyal Assemblage and are most abundant between water depths of 500 and 1300 m. They are associated with low- oxygen conditions. The Mid-Bathyal Assemblage is dominated by Uvigerina proboscidea and occurs on the slope at water depths ranging from 1200 to 2500 m. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.17.2.132","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Quinterno, P., and Gardner, J., 1987, Benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf and upper slope, Russian River area, northern California ( USA).: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 132-152, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.2.132.","startPage":"132","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269895,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.2.132"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b9e4b0c8380cd4a8a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinterno, P. J.","contributorId":65465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinterno","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014277,"text":"70014277 - 1987 - Observations and controls on the occurrence of inherited zircon in Concord-type granitoids, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:00:45.181491","indexId":"70014277","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and controls on the occurrence of inherited zircon in Concord-type granitoids, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"U-Pb analyses of zircons separated from two Concord-type plutons near Sunapee and Dixville Notch, New Hampshire, reveal differences in the pattern and magnitude of zircon inheritance which are related to differences in melt chemistry. The Sunapee pluton contains only slightly more Zr than required to saturate the melt at the peak temperature of 700 ± 30°C. Traces of inherited zircon in this separate are inferred to be present as small, largely resorbed grains. In contrast, the Long Mountain pluton, near Dixville Notch, contains about 240% more Zr than required to saturate the melt. Thus, more than half of the Zr existed as stable, inherited zircon crystals during the partial fusion event, consistent with the observation of substantial inheritance in all grain size fractions. Ion probe intra-grain analyses of zircon from the Long Mountain pluton indicate a complex pattern of inheritance with contributions from at least two Proterozoic terrenes and caution against simple interpretations of upper and lower intercepts of chords containing an inherited component. Ion probe analyses of zircons from the Sunapee pluton reveal clear evidence of U loss which results in incorrect apparent conventional U-Pb ages. Ages of crystallization for the Long Mountain and Sunapee pluton are ~350 and 354 ± 5 Ma, respectively. A Sm/Nd measurement for the Long Mountain pluton yields a depleted mantle model age of 1.5 Ga, consistent with the observed inheritance pattern. In contrast, a Sm/Nd model age for the Sunapee pluton is improbably old due to minor monazite fractionation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90305-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Harrison, T., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Compston, W., 1987, Observations and controls on the occurrence of inherited zircon in Concord-type granitoids, New Hampshire: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 9, p. 2549-2558, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90305-X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2549","endPage":"2558","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a6be4b0c8380cd7416c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, T.M.","contributorId":60788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Compston, W.","contributorId":36691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compston","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014274,"text":"70014274 - 1987 - Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T18:02:52.257541","indexId":"70014274","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985","docAbstract":"Line length changes from several baselines in a trilateration network within the Long Valley caldera clearly define a decrease in strain rate from June 1983 through October 1985. The data consist of more than 1600 length measurements on 23 baselines using a two-color geodimeter, which has a precision of 0.2 ppm of the line length. Initial measurements made during the summer of 1983 show extension rates were as high as 6 ppm/yr on some baselines. The rates subsequently decreased steadily, to less than 1 ppm/yr during the summer of 1985. Ih contrast, the strain rates on a few other baselines were less than 0.2 ppm/yr averaged over the 2.3-year interval. A model is constructed using these observations as well as yearly observations of a trilateration network within and near the caldera. The model contains two points of inflation located at 5 and 10 km beneath the resurgent dome of the caldera plus dextral slip on a fault plane within the south moat within an elastic half-space. To mimic the observed time dependence in the two-color geodimeter data, we conclude that the rates of both slip and inflation have steadily decreased over the survey interval. Because the two-color geodimeter network is closer to all three sources than the single-color geodimeter network, these data are important for defining the factor of 2–3 rate decrease of slip and inflation. Comparing our estimates of slip and inflation with similar estimates for the year prior to July 1983, we conclude that the rate decrease is probably a result of postseismic and postinflation relaxation following the earthquake swarm in the south moat in January 1983.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB09p09423","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., Linker, M., and Tupper, D., 1987, Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B9, p. 9423-9442, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p09423.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"9423","endPage":"9442","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb46e4b0c8380cd48d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linker, M.","contributorId":23697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tupper, D.","contributorId":30376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tupper","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014270,"text":"70014270 - 1987 - Probability theory versus simulation of petroleum potential in play analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014270","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":796,"text":"Annals of Operations Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probability theory versus simulation of petroleum potential in play analysis","docAbstract":"An analytic probabilistic methodology for resource appraisal of undiscovered oil and gas resources in play analysis is presented. This play-analysis methodology is a geostochastic system for petroleum resource appraisal in explored as well as frontier areas. An objective was to replace an existing Monte Carlo simulation method in order to increase the efficiency of the appraisal process. Underlying the two methods is a single geologic model which considers both the uncertainty of the presence of the assessed hydrocarbon and its amount if present. The results of the model are resource estimates of crude oil, nonassociated gas, dissolved gas, and gas for a geologic play in terms of probability distributions. The analytic method is based upon conditional probability theory and a closed form solution of all means and standard deviations, along with the probabilities of occurrence. ?? 1987 J.C. Baltzer A.G., Scientific Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Operations Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Baltzer Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Baarn/Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02187102","issn":"02545330","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1987, Probability theory versus simulation of petroleum potential in play analysis: Annals of Operations Research, v. 8, no. 1, p. 363-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187102.","startPage":"363","endPage":"381","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187102"},{"id":225763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cbbe4b0c8380cd7e869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014264,"text":"70014264 - 1987 - Gravity anomaly at a Pleistocene lake bed in NW Alaska interpreted by analogy with Greenland's Lake Taserssauq and its floating ice tongue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T16:51:53.366308","indexId":"70014264","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity anomaly at a Pleistocene lake bed in NW Alaska interpreted by analogy with Greenland's Lake Taserssauq and its floating ice tongue","docAbstract":"A possible example of a very deep glacial excavation is provided by a distinctive gravity low located at the front of a valley glacier that once flowed into glacial Lake Aniuk (formerly Lake Noatak) in the western Brooks Range. Geologic and geophysical data suggest that sediments or ice filling a glacially excavated valley are the most probable cause of the 30–50 mGal anomaly. Reasonable choices of geometric models and density contrasts indicate that the former excavation is now filled with a buried-ice thickness of 700 m or sediment thicknesses greater than 1 km; comparable anomalies are not known for other glaciated lacustrine valleys. However, many fiords do exceed 1 km in depth, and Crary found one nearly 2 km deep in Antarctica. In studying this fiord, he suggested the probable increased efficiency of excavation directly behind the point where an outlet glacier becomes afloat to form the Ross Ice Shelf and where it thus has a vertical component of motion and a mechanism for debris removal. Floating glacier ice tongues are now rare in the Arctic, but they exist in maritime parts of northern Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Studies of ice movement, environment, and morphology of another large floating glacier tongue in a perennially frozen lake in the Angiussaq Mountains of northern Greenland suggest that Pleistocene Lake Aniuk could have had a similar environment, water temperature, and near-stable water level and that it could have maintained both a floating polar glacier tongue and a perennial ice cover. No direct evidence of efficient excavation was observed in Greenland, but efficient glacial erosion behind a floating polar ice tongue could explain the excavation that caused the Alaskan gravity anomaly.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB09p08976","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Barnes, D., 1987, Gravity anomaly at a Pleistocene lake bed in NW Alaska interpreted by analogy with Greenland's Lake Taserssauq and its floating ice tongue: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B9, p. 8976-8984, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p08976.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8976","endPage":"8984","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a0ee4b0c8380cd5ae5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014263,"text":"70014263 - 1987 - Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:22:23","indexId":"70014263","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.","docAbstract":"The distribution of fracture permeability in granitic rocks was investigated by measuring the distribution of vertical flow in boreholes during periods of steady pumping. Pumping tests were conducted at two sites chosen to provide examples of moderately fractured rocks near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire and intensely fractured rocks near Oracle, Arizona. A sensitive heat-pulse flowmeter was used for accurate measurements of vertical flow as low as 0.2 liter per minute. Results indicate zones of fracture permeability in crystalline rocks are composed of irregular conduits that cannot be approximated by planar fractures of uniform aperture, and that the orientation of permeability zones may be unrelated to the orientation of individual fractures within those zones.-Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02113.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Hess, A., Cheng, C., and Hardin, E., 1987, Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.: Ground Water, v. 25, no. 1, p. 28-40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02113.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c8e4b0c8380cd4befa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, A.E.","contributorId":71979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardin, E.","contributorId":68045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardin","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014253,"text":"70014253 - 1987 - DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY OF THE PLANETS: NEW METHODS, ITS STATUS, AND ITS FUTURE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014253","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY OF THE PLANETS: NEW METHODS, ITS STATUS, AND ITS FUTURE.","docAbstract":"A system has been developed that establishes a standardized cartographic database for each of the 19 planets and major satellites that have been explored to date. Compilation of the databases involves both traditional and newly developed digital image processing and mosaicking techniques, including radiometric and geometric corrections of the images. Each database, or digital image model (DIM), is a digital mosaic of spacecraft images that have been radiometrically and geometrically corrected and photometrically modeled. During compilation, ancillary data files such as radiometric calibrations and refined photometric values for all camera lens and filter combinations and refined camera-orientation matrices for all images used in the mapping are produced.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Batson, R.M., 1987, DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY OF THE PLANETS: NEW METHODS, ITS STATUS, AND ITS FUTURE.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 53, no. 9, p. 1211-1218.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1218","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd47e4b0c8380cd4e735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014244,"text":"70014244 - 1987 - Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting lithosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T16:28:55","indexId":"70014244","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting lithosphere","docAbstract":"This synthesis links many seismic and tectonic processes at subduction zones, including great subduction earthquakes, to the sinking of subducted plate. Earthquake data and tectonic modeling for subduction zones indicate that the slab pull force is much larger than the ridge push force. Interactions between the forces that drive and resist plate motions cause spatially and temporally localized stresses that lead to characteristic earthquake activity, providing details on how subduction occurs. Compression is localized across a locked interface thrust zone, because both the ridge push and the slab pull forces are resisted there. The slab pull force increases with increasing plate age; thus because the slab pull force tends to bend subducted plate downward and decrease the force acting normal to the interface thrust zone, the characteristic maximum earthquake at a given interface thrust zone is inversely related to the age of the subducted plate. The 1960 Chile earthquake (Mw 9.5), the largest earthquake to occur in historic times, began its rupture at an interface bounding oceanic plate <30 m.y. old. However, this rupture initiation was associated with the locally oldest subducting lithosphere (weakest coupling); the rupture propagated southward along an interface bounding progressively younger oceanic lithosphere, terminating near the subducting Chile Rise. Prior to a great subduction earthquake, the sinking subducted slab will cause increased tension at depths of 50–200 km, with greatest tension near the shallow zone resisting plate subduction. Plate sinking not only leads to compressional stresses at a locked interface thrust zone but may load compressional stresses at plate depths of 260–350 km, provided that the shallow sinking occurs faster than the relaxation time of the deeper mantle. This explains K. Mogi's observations of M ≥ 7 thrust earthquakes at depths of 260–350 km, immediately downdip and within 3 years prior to five great, shallow earthquakes of northern Japan. The slab pull model explains the lower layer of double seismic zones as due to tension from the deeper, sinking plate and the upper layer as due to localized in-plate compression, as plate motion is resisted by the bounding mantle. Just downdip of the interface thrust zone, there occurs an aseismic 20°–50° dip increase of subducted plate. This slab bend reflects the summed slab pull force of deeper plate and probably is at the crustal basalt to eclogite phase change. Resistance to subduction provided by a continually developing slab bend may be an important factor in the size of slab pull force delivered to an interface thrust zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/RG025i001p00055","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Spence, W., 1987, Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting lithosphere: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 25, no. 1, p. 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG025i001p00055.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"69","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480092,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1231450","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b912de4b08c986b31979f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spence, William","contributorId":27454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014242,"text":"70014242 - 1987 - Mid-Holocene climate in Northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:14:27","indexId":"70014242","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Holocene climate in Northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Study of Holocene ostracodes and diatoms from Elk Lake, in North-Central Minnesota, indicates that the local climate of the mid-Holocene can be subdivided into three intervals. Throughout interval 1 (ca. 7800 to 6700 yr B.P.), climate was colder and much drier than today. During intervals 2 and 3 (ca. 6700 to 4000 yr B.P.) average mean-annual air temperatures approached the modern mean (3.7??C), but warm summers persisted throughout interval 2, whereas during interval 3 warm summers fell into discrete episodes. Furthermore, average mean-annual precipitation was about 85 and 90% of modern during intervals 2 and 3, respectively. Transition times between the principal intervals were less than 50 yr. The expected effects of a retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet that initially maintained a winter-style circulation, followed by transitional climate states, and finally a near-modern circulation pattern may explain these local climatic events. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netheralnds","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(87)90064-0","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., Delorme, L., and Bradbury, J., 1987, Mid-Holocene climate in Northern Minnesota: Quaternary Research, v. 28, no. 2, p. 263-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90064-0.","startPage":"263","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266529,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90064-0"},{"id":225366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56b8e4b0c8380cd6d797","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delorme, L.D.","contributorId":63176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delorme","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014241,"text":"70014241 - 1987 - A model for tides and currents in the English Channel and southern North Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014241","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A model for tides and currents in the English Channel and southern North Sea","docAbstract":"The amplitude and phase of 11 tidal constituents for the English Channel and southern North Sea are calculated using a frequency domain, finite element model. The governing equations - the shallow water equations - are modifed such that sea level is calculated using an elliptic equation of the Helmholz type followed by a back-calculation of velocity using the primitive momentum equations. Triangular elements with linear basis functions are used. The modified form of the governing equations provides stable solutions with little numerical noise. In this field-scale test problem, the model was able to produce the details of the structure of 11 tidal constituents including O1, K1, M2, S2, N2, K2, M4, MS4, MN4, M6, and 2MS6.","largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","language":"English","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1987, A model for tides and currents in the English Channel and southern North Sea, in Advances in Water Resources, v. 10, no. 3, p. 138-148.","startPage":"138","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47de4b0c8380cd4666e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014233,"text":"70014233 - 1987 - Cretaceous gastropods: contrasts between tethys and the temperate provinces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T00:20:39.590569","indexId":"70014233","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cretaceous gastropods: contrasts between tethys and the temperate provinces","docAbstract":"During the Cretaceous Period, gastropod faunas show considerable differences in their evolution between the Tethyan Realm (tropical) and the Temperate Realms to the north and south. Like Holocene faunas, prosobranch gastropods constitute the dominant part of Cretaceous marine snail faunas. Entomotaeneata and opisthobranchs usually form all of the remainder. In Tethyan faunas the Archaeogastropoda form a consistent high proportion of total taxa but less than the Mesogastropoda throughout the period. In contrast, the Temperate faunas beginning in Albian times show a decline in percentages of archaeogastropod taxa and a significant increase in the Neogastropoda, until they constitute over 50 percent of the taxa in some faunas. The neogastropods never attain high diversity in the Cretaceous of the Tethyan Realm and are judged to be of Temperate Realm origin.
Cretaceous Tethyan gastropod faunas are closely allied to those of the “corallien fades” of the Jurassic and begin the period evolutionarily mature and well diversified. Greatest diversity in Tethys occurs in the lagoonal shales associated with the rudist or coral framework environments of the Cretaceous carbonate platforms. Their distribution was pan-tropical, extending in instances across the vast reaches of the Pacific. Three categories of Tethyan gastropods are analyzed. The first group consists of those of Jurassic ancestry. Except for the Nerineacea, these taxa are long ranging but evolutionarily conservative, showing only moderate diversification during the Cretaceous, and becoming extinct with the close of the era. The second group originates mainly during the Barremian and Aptian, reaches a climax in diversification during middle Cretaceous time, and usually declines during the latest Cretaceous, with most not lasting through the terminal event. The third group originates late in the Cretaceous and consists of taxa that manage to either survive the Cretaceous-Tertiary crisis or give rise to forms of prominence among Tertiary warm water faunas.
There is a trend among the Tethyan gastropod assemblages for increased provincialism with time. Early and middle Cretaceous taxa are especially widely distributed, but the latest Cretaceous is a time of restricted occurrence for many forms.
Temperate Realm gastropod faunas are less diverse than those of Tethys during the Early Cretaceous. Their source is among long lived, extra-Tethys groups, but is increased, especially during major phases of transgression, by immigrants from Tethys. They show a steady increase in diversity, primarily among the Mesogastropoda and Neogastropoda. This trend culminates in latest Cretaceous times when the gastropod assemblages of the clastic provinces of the inner shelf contain an abundance of taxa outstripping that of any other part of the Cretaceous of either realm.
Extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is much less pronounced in the Temperate Realm than in the Tethys. Among the Temperate Realm assemblages loss is of generic and species level taxa, unlike the extinction of the family Actaeonellidae or the superfamily Nerineacea and a host of less prominent groups in Tethys. In essence, by the late Maastrichtian, gastropod faunas of the Temperate Realm had attained a modern faunal aspect.
The present method of using constant secular variation rates to forecast magnetic components at a given site or to forecast spherical harmonic coefficients is known to be inaccurate. A new predictive method using trend and trigonometric functions fitted to known past values is used to extrapolate for a few years into the future. This provides an improvement over the usual linear extrapolation method. This method applied to the spherical harmonic coefficients (SHC) in the series of International Geomagnetic Reference Fields (IGRF) provides an analytic function for each SHC so that charts can be compiled for a few years in the future without using the idea of a constant secular variation. In this case, the trend and trigonometric functions utilize the same number of Fourier and trend coefficients as are now present in the IGRF models on which they are based so that they can completely replace the IGRF information.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB07p06331","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1987, On predicting changes in the geomagnetic field: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B7, p. 6331-6338, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB07p06331.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6331","endPage":"6338","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6da5e4b0c8380cd7524b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014231,"text":"70014231 - 1987 - Maestrichtian benthic foraminifers from Ocean Point, North Slope, Alaska ( USA).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T12:08:42","indexId":"70014231","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maestrichtian benthic foraminifers from Ocean Point, North Slope, Alaska ( USA).","docAbstract":"Previous studies of fauna and flora from Ocean Point, Alaska, have suggested ages ranging from Campanian to early Eocene and that these assemblages are either highly endemic or commonplace. I demonstrate that the moderately abundant benthic foraminifers constitute early Maestrichtian boreal assemblages common to Canada and northern Europe. Paleoenvironmental analysis indicates that deposition took place in outer neritic settings (50 to 150m). The Ocean Point benthic foraminiferal assemblages contain species that migrated from the US Gulf Coast, North American Interior and Europe during the Campanian, and from Europe during the Maestrichtian. These faunal affinities suggest that seaways connected the Arctic to the North American Interior and Atlantic during the Campanian and that a shallow seaway connected the Arctic to the Atlantic during the early Maestrichtian. - from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.17.4.344","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., 1987, Maestrichtian benthic foraminifers from Ocean Point, North Slope, Alaska ( USA).: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 344-366, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.4.344.","startPage":"344","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269894,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.4.344"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b27e4b0c8380cd6932a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, K.","contributorId":106260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014230,"text":"70014230 - 1987 - Geological setting of U.S. fossil fuels.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T20:35:39","indexId":"70014230","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1582,"text":"Episodes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological setting of U.S. fossil fuels.","docAbstract":"The USA has a special position in terms of fossil fuel development. Not only is it one of the most important nations in terms of resources of oil, gas and coal, but it has also been by far the dominant producer and consumer. In this thorough review of the regional geological environments in which fossil fuels formed in the USA, the authors point to a variety of models of resource occurrence of global interest.-Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Episodes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07053797","usgsCitation":"Masters, C., and Mast, R., 1987, Geological setting of U.S. fossil fuels.: Episodes, v. 10, no. 4, p. 308-313.","startPage":"308","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265829,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/104/ARTICLES--308.pdf"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a227de4b0c8380cd570c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masters, C.D.","contributorId":96664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, R. F.","contributorId":102887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}