Hydro!ogic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. Studies are now in progress in the Austin and Houston areas, and have been completed in the Dallas-Fort Worth and San Antonio areas.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Houston, began studies in the Houston metropolitan area in 1964. The program was expanded in 1968 to include collection of water-quality data. The objectives of the Houston urban-hydrology study are as follows:
\nThis report, the twentieth in a series of reports to be published annually, is primarily applicable to objective No. 2. The report presents hydrologic data collected in the Houston urban area for the 1983 water year (October 1, 1982, to September 30, 1983).
\nA report by Johnson and Sayre (1973) utilized records collected from 1965 to 1969 to study the effects of urbanization on floods in the Houston area. That report also summarized various basin parameters. A report by Waddell, Massey, and Jennings (1979) presented data on runoff from the Houston area and computed concentrations and loads of selected water-quality constituents discharged to Galveston Bay. The study utilized a variation of the \"STORM\" model developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report prepared by Li scum and Massey (1980) presented a technique for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in the Houston area from drainage areas, bank-full conveyance, and percentage )f urban development.
\nA definition of terms related to streamflow, water quality, and other hydrologic data, as used in this report, are defined in \" U.S. Geological Survey, Water-resources data for Texas, water year 1983, volume 2.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr86487","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., 1986, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-487, viii, 287 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86487.","productDescription":"viii, 287 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0487/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43471,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0487/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.36819458007811,\n 30.039377605001338\n ],\n [\n -95.42587280273438,\n 30.039377605001338\n ],\n [\n -95.49179077148438,\n 30.03462216002981\n ],\n [\n -95.56320190429686,\n 30.0262995822237\n ],\n [\n -95.62774658203125,\n 30.001327656702326\n ],\n [\n -95.73348999023438,\n 29.969211659636663\n ],\n [\n -95.83648681640624,\n 29.92756435779241\n ],\n [\n -95.87493896484374,\n 29.888280933159265\n ],\n [\n -95.86257934570312,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -95.86944580078125,\n 29.75364773335698\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 29.69640358280457\n ],\n [\n -95.79940795898438,\n 29.672542219068987\n ],\n [\n -95.69641113281249,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n -95.63186645507812,\n 29.60092416008231\n ],\n [\n -95.51513671875,\n 29.57106827738255\n ],\n [\n -95.40252685546875,\n 29.511330027309146\n ],\n [\n -95.28030395507812,\n 29.485034019181064\n ],\n [\n -95.17730712890625,\n 29.482643134466617\n ],\n [\n -95.086669921875,\n 29.499378142743375\n ],\n [\n -94.99740600585938,\n 29.532839863453397\n ],\n [\n -94.95483398437499,\n 29.551955878093022\n ],\n [\n -94.9493408203125,\n 29.604506272365295\n ],\n [\n -94.96719360351562,\n 29.653449050468925\n ],\n [\n -94.9822998046875,\n 29.680894340704334\n ],\n [\n -95.01800537109374,\n 29.71787396585316\n ],\n [\n -95.0372314453125,\n 29.744109309616487\n ],\n [\n -95.06881713867188,\n 29.76556948666697\n ],\n [\n -95.06744384765625,\n 29.797751134173065\n ],\n [\n -95.07705688476562,\n 29.837070205715218\n ],\n [\n -95.10314941406249,\n 29.871610558533725\n ],\n [\n -95.1361083984375,\n 29.925183985247404\n ],\n [\n -95.15396118164062,\n 29.972780616663897\n ],\n [\n -95.14572143554688,\n 29.997759725578906\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 30.01916538794235\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 30.02511058549258\n ],\n [\n -95.2789306640625,\n 30.029866486852946\n ],\n [\n -95.33660888671875,\n 30.032244351965684\n ],\n [\n -95.36819458007811,\n 30.039377605001338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607d19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2041,"text":"wsp2297 - 1986 - Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2297","title":"Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Estimation of the average annual rate of ground-water recharge to sand and gravel aquifers using elevated tritium concentrations in ground water is an alternative to traditional steady-state and water-balance recharge-rate methods. The concept of the tritium tracer method is that the average annual rate of ground-water recharge over a period of time can be calculated from the depth of the peak tritium concentration in the aquifer. Assuming that ground-water flow is vertically downward and that aquifer properties are reasonably homogeneous, and knowing the date of maximum tritium concentration in precipitation and the current depth to the tritium peak from the water table, the average recharge rate can be calculated. The method, which is a direct-measurement technique, was applied at two sites on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. At site 1, the average annual recharge rate between 1964 and 1983 was 26.1 inches per year, or 68 percent of the average annual precipitation, and the estimated uncertainty is ?15 percent. At site 2, the multilevel water samplers were not constructed deep enough to determine the peak concentration of tritium in ground water. The tritium profile at site 2 resembles the upper part of the tritium profile at site 1 and indicates that the average recharge rate was at least 16 .7 inches per year, or at least 44 percent of the average annual precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe Nantucket tritium recharge rates clearly are higher than rates determined elsewhere in southeastern Massachusetts using the tritium, water-table-fluctuation, and water-balance (Thornthwaite) methods, regardless of the method or the area. Because the recharge potential on Nantucket is so high (runoff is only 2 percent of the total water balance), the tritium recharge rates probably represent the effective upper limit for ground-water recharge in this region. The recharge-rate values used by Guswa and LeBlanc (1985) and LeBlanc (1984) in their ground-water-flow computer models of Cape Cod are 20 to 30 percent lower than this upper limit. \r\n\r\nThe accuracy of the tritium method is dependent on two key factors: the accuracy of the effective-porosity data, and the sampling interval used at the site. For some sites, the need for recharge-rate data may require a determination as statistically accurate as that which can be provided by the tritium method. However, the tritium method is more costly and more time consuming than the other methods because numerous wells must be drilled and installed and because many water samples must be analyzed for tritium, to a very small level of analytical detection. For many sites, a less accurate, less expensive, and faster method of recharge-rate determination might be more satisfactory .\r\n\r\nThe factor that most seriously limits the usefulness of the tritium tracer method is the current depth of the tritium peak. Water with peak concentrations of tritium entered the ground more than 20 years ago, and, according to the Nantucket data, that water now is more than 100 feet below the land surface. This suggests that the tracer method will work only in sand and gravel aquifers that are exceedingly thick by New England standards. Conversely, the results suggest that the method may work in areas where saturated thicknesses are less than 100 feet and the rate of vertical ground-water movement is relatively slow, such as in till and in silt- and clay-rich sand and gravel deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2297","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.F., and Olimpio, J.C., 1986, Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2297, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2297.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, Jayne Fifield","contributorId":69531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"Jayne","email":"","middleInitial":"Fifield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olimpio, Julio C.","contributorId":93877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Julio","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12707,"text":"ofr85571 - 1986 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12707,"text":"ofr85571 - 1986 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"ofr85571","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1039,"text":"wsp2305 - 1989 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"wsp2305","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1039,"text":"wsp2305 - 1989 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"wsp2305","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T15:31:11","indexId":"ofr85571","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-571","title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","docAbstract":"Eighteen sources of drainage related to past coal-mining activity were identified in the Claybank Creek, Missouri, study area, and eight of thew were considered large enough to have detectable effects on receiving streams. However, only three sources, coal wastes at Keota and Binkley, and drainage from underground coal mines near Keota, significantly affected the chemistry of water in receiving streams.
Coal wastes in the Claybank Creek basin contributed large quantities of acid drainage to receiving streams during storm runoff; pH of coal-waste runoff ranged from 2.1 to 2.8. At these small pH values, concentrations of some dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate were a few to several hundred times larger than Federal and State water-quality standards established for these constituents. Effects of acid storm runoff were detected near the mouth of North Fork Claybank Creek where the pH during a small storm was 3.9.
Coal wastes in the streambeds and seepage from coal wastes also had significant effects on receiving streams during base flows. The receiving waters had pH values between 2.8 and 3.5 and concentrations of some dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate were a few to several hundred times larger than Federal and State water-quality standards.
Most underground mines in the North Fork Claybank Creek basin are hydraulically connected and about 80 percent of their discharge surfaced at one site. Drainage from the underground mines contributed most of the dissolved constituents in North Fork Claybank Creek during dry weather. Underground-mine water always had a pH near 5.9, was well-buffered, had a dissolved-sulfate concentration of about 2,400 milligrams per liter, dissolved-manganese concentrations ranging from 4.0 to 5.3 milligrams per liter, and large concentrations of ferrous iron. Iron was in the ferrous state due to reducing conditions in the mines. When underground-mine drainage reached the ground surface, the ferrous iron was oxidized and precipitated to form large, orange deposits of ferric hydroxide around the site and in streambeds.
Generally, drainage from strip mines had dissolved-sulfate concentrations several times larger than drainage from unmined areas. However, effects of drainage from strip mines on receiving streams were minimal when compared to the drainage from coal wastes and underground mines.
No appreciable effects of mine-related drainage were detected in the water of the Claybank Creek arm of Thomas Hill Reservoir at the time of sampling because beaver bogs upstream had trapped suspended coal wastes and moderated the effects. However, the concentration of coal in the bottom material was 60 percent of the coal concentration in coal wastes at Keota, indicating that the reservoir had received these wastes during the past.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85571","usgsCitation":"Blevins, D.W., 1986, Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-571, Report: viii, 74 p.; 3 Plates: 35.23 x 28.19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85571.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 74 p.; 3 Plates: 35.23 x 28.19 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359246,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359247,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359248,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Claybank Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.6667,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -92.5417,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -92.5417,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -92.6667,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -92.6667,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e766b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blevins, Dale W. dblevins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"Dale","email":"dblevins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":166575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3330,"text":"cir974 - 1986 - USGS research on energy resources, 1986; program and abstracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T12:09:20","indexId":"cir974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"974","title":"USGS research on energy resources, 1986; program and abstracts","docAbstract":"The extended abstracts in this volume are summaries of the papers presented orally and as posters in the second V. E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources, entitled \"USGS Research on Energy Resources-1986.\" The Forum has been established to improve communication between the USGS and the earth science community by presenting the results of current USGS research on nonrenewable resources in a timely fashion and by providing an opportunity for individuals from other organizations to meet informally with USGS scientists and managers. It is our hope that the McKelvey Forum will help to make USGS programs more responsive to the needs of the earth science community, particularly the mining and petroleum industries, and Win foster closer cooperation between organizations and individuals.
The Forum was named after former Director Vincent E. McKelvey in recognition of his lifelong contributions to research, development, and administration in mineral and energy resources, as a scientist, as Chief Geologist, and as Director of the U.S. Geological Survey. The Forum will be an annual event, and its subject matter will alternate between mineral and energy resources. We expect that the format will change somewhat from year to year as various approaches are tried, but its primary purpose will remain the same: to encourage direct communication between USGS scientists and the representatives of other earth-science related organizations.
Energy programs of the USGS include oil and gas, coal, geothermal, uranium-thorium, and oil shale; work in these programs spans the national domain, including surveys of the offshore Exclusive Economic Zone. The topics selected for presentation at this McKelvey Forum represent an overview of the scientific breadth of USGS research on energy resources. They include aspects of petroleum occurrence in Eastern United States rift basins, the origin of magnetic anomalies over oil fields, accreted terranes and energy-resource implications, coal quality, geothermal energy sources, integrated geology and chemistry in uranium-deposit studies, and interpretations of sea-floor geology seen in reconnaissance-scale sidescan-sonar mosaics of the Gulf of Mexico and west coast Exclusive Economic Zone. Data are presented that are being used in building models of geothermal energy settings, basin histories, and the occurrence of energy resources. In addition to the technical sessions presenting the results of USGS research, each congressionally mandated USGS Mineral Resource Program has a display outlining plans and progress.
We are all excited about this continuing opportunity to disseminate and discuss our research with our colleagues in industry and academia, and we welcome your suggestions on improving this series of Forums.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir974","usgsCitation":"1986, USGS research on energy resources, 1986; program and abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 974, xii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir974.","productDescription":"xii, 84 p.","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0974/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0974/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f94f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carter, Lorna M.H.","contributorId":37260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lorna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730049,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25939,"text":"wri854181 - 1986 - Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T19:07:44.814656","indexId":"wri854181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4181","title":"Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years","docAbstract":"Significant upward trends in dissolved-solids concentrations were detected with the Seasonal Kendall Test for trends at three stations in the upper basin during the study period. The increases exceeded 270 milligrams per liter per year at two stations and 165 milligrams per liter per year at the third station.
\nThe composition of dissolved constituents in the Colorado River basin changes from predominantly sodium and chloride ions in the upper basin to predominantly calcium and bicarbonate ions in the lower basin. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations of 500 milligrams per liter for total dissolved solids was exceeded 95 percent of the time at each station on the main stem of the Colorado River in the upper basin. In the middle Colorado River basin, the Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations for total dissolved solids was exceeded approximately 95 percent of the time at most stations.
\nNutrient concentrations in the Colorado River basin generally were low. Only one sample exceeded the level set for nitrate nitrogen, and no other nutrient species exceeded Environmental Protection Agency levels. A general upward trend was detected in organic nitrogen and total nitrogen, but concentrations still remained low.
\nDensities of fecal-col iform and fecal-streptococcal bacteria ranged from less than 1 colony per 100 milliliters to 26,000 colonies per 100 milliliters and 1 colony per 100 milliliters to 50,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively. Fecal-coliform densities exceeded Environmental Protection Agency criteria for public water supply (2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters) at several stations during the study.
\nBiochemical oxygen demand concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 34 milligrams per liter. Only one mean biochemical oxygen demand concentration exceeded 8 milligrams per liter, the upper range of concentration common in moderately contaminated streams.
\nTrace elements and pesticides were detected in many samples throughout the basin. The concentrations generally were low, and maximum contaminant levels rarely were exceeded.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854181","usgsCitation":"Andrews, F.L., and Schertz, T.L., 1986, Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4181, Report: vi, 97 p.; 1 Plate: 21.78 x 10.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854181.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 97 p.; 1 Plate: 21.78 x 10.92 inches","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54694,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36335.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12306,"text":"ofr864 - 1986 - Standards for digital elevation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T21:17:35.939521","indexId":"ofr864","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4","title":"Standards for digital elevation models","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr864","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Standards for digital elevation models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-4, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr864.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384468,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15324,"text":"ofr86565 - 1986 - Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T14:20:00","indexId":"ofr86565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-565","title":"Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"A newly recognized Tertiary dike complex and comagmatic volcanic rocks exposed on the central Saudi Arabian coastal plain record early stages of magmatism related to Red Sea rifting. Intrusive and stratigraphic relationships, and new potassium-argon dating indicate episodic magmatism from about 30 Ma to the present. Additional stratigraphic and radiometric evidence suggests that limited rift-related magmatism may have began as early as about 50 Ma ago. An early phase of crustal extension in the region was accompanied by faulting and graben formation and by dike-swarm intrusion. The style of extension and intrusion changed approximately 20 Ma ago. Localized volcanism and sheeted dike injection ceased and were replaced by the intrusion of thick gabbro dikes. This change may mark the onset of sea-floor spreading in the central Red Sea.
\nThe dikes and volcanic rocks consist of a bimodal mafic-felsic suite with transitional subalkaline to alkaline chemistry. Although no unique petrogenetic model can be developed for the suite, the following observations and conclusions are apparent from the available reconnaissance geochemistry: 1) Strontium isotopic initial ratios overlap in the range 0.7031 to 0.7047 and are not clearly related to alkalinity or silica content. Therefore, the bimodality and alkalinity of the suite are not products of contamination by the radiogenic Precambrian upper-crustal granitic rocks exposed in the region. 2) Several of the evolved rocks (rhyolites and comendite) show large to extreme negative europium anomalies and heavy rare-earth element (HREE) enrichment, features that cannot be explained by low-pressure crystal fractionation of potential parent magmas. An intriguing possibility is that HREE enrichments and large negative Eu anomalies of some peraluminous rhyolites (and granites) may result from the complete melting of garnet from middle or lower crustal rocks. 3) Most of the basalts are light rare-earth element (LREE)-enriched, consistent with derivation from fertile mantle in a continental-rift setting, however, interaction of the mafic melts with lower continental crust cannot be ruled out.
\nA model of poly-baric mantle-melt derivation, producing several alkalinesubalkaline cycles, best explains magmatism in the Red Sea region. Differences in the depths and dynamics of mantle-melt extraction and transport brought about through changes in crust and mantle structure as the rift and paar developed may account for the transition from mixed alkaline-subalkaline bimodal magmatism of the pre-20 Ma rift basin to exclusively subalkaline (tholeiitic) magmatism at the Red Sea spreading axis and to predominantly alkali basalt volcanism within the Arabian Shield.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86565","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., 1986, Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-565, i, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86565.","productDescription":"i, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0565/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63534a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11895,"text":"ofr86422 - 1986 - Analytical results and sample locality map of nonmagnetic and moderately magnetic heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments from the Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T19:00:42.750759","indexId":"ofr86422","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-422","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map of nonmagnetic and moderately magnetic heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments from the Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86422","usgsCitation":"Day, G., Welsch, E.P., Watts, K.C., and Gray, J., 1986, Analytical results and sample locality map of nonmagnetic and moderately magnetic heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments from the Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-422, Report: 112 p.; 2 Plates: 26.96 × 22.12 inches and 27.08 × 22.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86422.","productDescription":"Report: 112 p.; 2 Plates: 26.96 × 22.12 inches and 27.08 × 22.08 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":39826,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389660,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17040.htm"},{"id":39827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39825,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, G.W.","contributorId":63363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsch, E. P.","contributorId":6050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, K. C. Jr.","contributorId":36578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, J. C.","contributorId":100400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25616,"text":"wri864329 - 1986 - Investigation of possible effects of surface coal mining on hydrology and landscape stability in part of the Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri864329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4329","title":"Investigation of possible effects of surface coal mining on hydrology and landscape stability in part of the Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"The effects of surface coal mining on the surface- and groundwater systems in a 5,400 sq mi area in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, that includes 20 major coal mines were evaluated using three approaches: A surface water model, a landscape-stability analysis, and a groundwater model. A surface water model was developed for the Belle Fourche River basin. The Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran model was used to simulate changes in streamflow and changes in dissolved-solids and sulfate concentrations. Simulated streamflows resulting from less than average rainfall were small, changes in flow from premining to during-mining and postmining conditions were less than 2.5%, and changes in mean dissolved-solids and sulfate concentrations ranged from 1 to 7%. A landscape-stability analysis resulted in regression relations to aid in the reconstruction of reclaimed drainage networks. Hypsometric analyses indicate the larger basins are relatively stable, and statistical data from these basins may be used to design the placement of material within a mined basin to approximate natural, stable landscapes in the area. The attempt to define and simulate the groundwater system in the area using a groundwater-flow model was unsuccessful. The steady-state groundwater-flow model could not be calibrated. The modeling effort failed principally because of insufficient quantity and quality of data to define the spatial distribution of aquifer properties; the hydraulic-head distribution within and between aquifers; and the rates of groundwater recharge and discharge, especially for steady-state conditions. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864329","usgsCitation":"Bloyd, R., Daddow, P., Jordon, P., and Lowham, H., 1986, Investigation of possible effects of surface coal mining on hydrology and landscape stability in part of the Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4329, vi, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864329.","productDescription":"vi, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4329/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54362,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4329/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db49212b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloyd, R. M.","contributorId":34549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloyd","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daddow, P. B.","contributorId":26700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daddow","given":"P. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordon, P.R.","contributorId":69605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordon","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3240,"text":"cir990 - 1986 - Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16593,"text":"ofr86136 - 1986 - Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem : disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","indexId":"ofr86136","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem : disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3240,"text":"cir990 - 1986 - Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","indexId":"cir990","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir990","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"990","title":"Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"Predicting the effects of toxic-waste disposal on the environment over periods of millenia to hundreds of millenia is a transscientific problem; that is, one not fully addressed by quantitative scientific and engineering endeavors. Archaeology is a pertinent adjunct to such predictions in several ways. First, and foremost, archaeological records demonstrate that delicate, as well as durable, objects buried in thick unsaturated zones of arid and semiarid environments may survive intact for millenia to tens of millenia. This successful preservation of Late Paleolithic to Iron Age artifacts provides independent support for the tentative favorable conclusions of earth scientists regarding the general utility of thick unsaturated zones for toxic-waste isolation. By analogy with the archaeological record, solidified toxic wastes of low solubility that are buried in arid unsaturated zones should remain isolated from the environment indefinitely; modern man presumably should be able to improve upon the techniques used by his ancestors to isolate and preserve their sacred and utilitarian objects. Second, archaeological evidence pertinent to the fate of objects buried in unsaturated zones-although qualitative in nature and subject to the limitations of arguments by analogy-is meaningful to the public and to the courts who, with some scientists and engineers, are reluctant to rely exclusively on computer-generated predictions of the effects of buried toxic wastes on the environment. Third, the archaeological record issues a warning that our descendants may intrude into our waste disposal sites and that we must therefore take special measures to minimize such entry and, if it occurs, to warn of the dangers by a variety of symbols. And fourth, archaeology provides a record of durable natural and manmade materials that may prove to be suitable for encapsulation of our wastes and from which we can construct warning markers that will last for millenia. For these four reasons, archaeologists must join with earth scientists, and other scientists and engineers, in addressing the likely fate of solidfied toxic wastes buried in the thick (200-600 m) unsaturated zones of arid and semiarid regions. Indeed, the input of archaeology might be crucial to public acceptance of even the most carefully chosen and technically sound waste repository.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir990","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., 1986, Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 990, iii, 9 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir990.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0990/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30236,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0990/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac Judah","contributorId":9233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"","middleInitial":"Judah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1409,"text":"wsp2278 - 1986 - Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19013,"text":"ofr84461 - 1984 - Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"ofr84461","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1409,"text":"wsp2278 - 1986 - Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","indexId":"wsp2278","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp2278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2278","title":"Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"A nonlinear, least-squares regression technique for the estimation of ground-water flow model parameters was applied to the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho. The technique uses a computer program to simulate two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water flow. Hydrologic data for the 1980 water year were used to calculate recharge rates, boundary fluxes, and spring discharges. Ground-water use was estimated from irrigated land maps and crop consumptive-use figures. These estimates of ground-water withdrawal, recharge rates, and boundary flux, along with leakance, were used as known values in the model calibration of transmissivity. Leakance values were adjusted between regression solutions by comparing model-calculated to measured spring discharges. In other simulations, recharge and leakance also were calibrated as prior-information regression parameters, which limits the variation of these parameters using a normalized standard error of estimate. \r\n\r\nResults from a best-fit model indicate a wide areal range in transmissivity from about 0.05 to 44 feet squared per second and in leakance from about 2.2x10 -9 to 6.0 x 10 -8 feet per second per foot. Along with parameter values, model statistics also were calculated, including the coefficient of correlation between calculated and observed head (0.996), the standard error of the estimates for head (40 feet), and the parameter coefficients of variation (about 10-40 percent). Additional boundary flux was added in some areas during calibration to achieve proper fit to ground-water flow directions. Model fit improved significantly when areas that violated model assumptions were removed. It also improved slightly when y-direction (northwest-southeast) transmissivity values were larger than x-direction (northeast-southwest) transmissivity values. The model was most sensitive to changes in recharge, and in some areas, to changes in transmissivity, particularly near the spring discharge area from Milner Dam to King Hill.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Distribution Branch, Text Products Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2278","usgsCitation":"Garabedian, S.P., 1986, Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2278, iv, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 4 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2278.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 4 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26500,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26501,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26502,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26503,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26504,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15903,"text":"ofr86307 - 1986 - Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T19:07:57.514397","indexId":"ofr86307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-307","title":"Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"A digital-computer model was calibrated to simulate, in three dimensions, the ground-water flow in the principal and shallow-unconfined aquifers in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The model can be used to predict water-level and waterbudget changes that would be caused by changes in well recharge or discharge. This report shows how a user can revise the input data so that recharging or discharging wells may be simulated and how stress-period intervals can be varied to simulate different periods of recharge or discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr86307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., and Waddell, K., 1986, Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-307, Report: iv, 13 p.; Plate: 17.58 in. x 21.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86307.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Plate: 17.58 in. x 21.55 inches","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":44885,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44886,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409007,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16998.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":150214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.19540041154342,\n 40.88370704900959\n ],\n [\n -112.19540041154342,\n 40.399033913978286\n ],\n [\n -111.78769401167678,\n 40.399033913978286\n ],\n [\n -111.78769401167678,\n 40.88370704900959\n ],\n [\n -112.19540041154342,\n 40.88370704900959\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a83e4b07f02db64b76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4372,"text":"cir980 - 1986 - Prospects for mineral resource assessments on public lands: Proceedings of the Leesburg workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T14:58:48.277932","indexId":"cir980","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"980","title":"Prospects for mineral resource assessments on public lands: Proceedings of the Leesburg workshop","docAbstract":"Modern geological surveys pursue a wide spectrum of research activities in the earth sciences. From the beginning, however, one of the core tasks of any national geological survey has been the assessment and evaluation of its nation's mineral and fuel resources. The methods by which such assessments are carried out have become more sophisticated over time, in keeping with advancing geoscientific knowledge and the development and application of new concepts and technologies. However, the basic objectives of such work have changed little, and the fundamental goal remains the construction of the best possible base of information on the nature, distribution and economic potential of the resources within a nation's landmass and its offshore jurisdictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir980","usgsCitation":"1986, Prospects for mineral resource assessments on public lands: Proceedings of the Leesburg workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 980, xiii, 330 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir980.","productDescription":"xiii, 330 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31481,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0980/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0980/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658798","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cargill, Simon M.","contributorId":7256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cargill","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729714,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Steven B.","contributorId":48165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729715,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12359,"text":"ofr8671 - 1986 - Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr8671","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-71","title":"Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, conducts three major types of activities in Kentucky in order to provide hydrologic information and understanding needed for the best management of Kentucky 's and the Nation 's water resources. These activities are: (1) Data collection and dissemination; (2) Water-resources appraisals (interpretive studies); and (3) Research. Activities described in some detail following: (1) collection of surface - and groundwater data; (2) operation of stations to collect data on water quality, atmospheric deposition, and sedimentation; (3) flood investigations; (4) water use; (5) small area flood hydrology; (6) feasibility of disposal of radioactive disposal in deep crystalline rocks; (7) development of a groundwater model for the Louisville area; (8) travel times for streams in the Kentucky River Basin; (9) the impact of sinkholes and streams on groundwater flow in a carbonate aquifer system; (10) sedimentation and erosion rates at the Maxey Flats Radioactive Waste Burial site; and (11) evaluation of techniques for evaluating the cumulative impacts of mining as applied to coal fields in Kentucky. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8671","usgsCitation":"Faust, R.J., 1986, Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-71, iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8671.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40595,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, R. J. (compiler)","contributorId":83128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16594,"text":"ofr85697 - 1986 - Water-table decline in the south-central Great Basin during the Quaternary Period; implications for toxic-waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr85697","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-697","title":"Water-table decline in the south-central Great Basin during the Quaternary Period; implications for toxic-waste disposal","docAbstract":"The distribution of vein calcite, tufa, and other features indicative of paleo-groundwater discharge, indicates that during the early to middle Pleistocene, the water table at Ash Meadows, in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada, and at Furnace Creek Wash, in east-central Death Valley, California, was tens to hundreds of meters above the modern water table, and that groundwater discharge occurred up to 18 km up-the-hydraulic gradient from modern discharge areas. Uranium series dating of the calcitic veins permits calculation of rates of apparent water table decline; rates of 0.02 to 0.08 m/1000 yr are indicated for Ash meadows and 0.2 to 0.6 m/1000 yr for Furnace Creek Wash. The rates for Furnace Creek Wash closely match a published estimate of vertical crustal offset for this area, suggesting that tectonism is a major cause for the displacement observed. In general, displacements of the paleo-water table probably reflect a combination of: (a) tectonic uplift of vein calcite and tufa, unaccompanied by a change in water table altitude; (b) decline in water table altitude in response to tectonic depression of areas adjacent to dated veins and associated tufa; (c) decline in water table altitude in response to increasing aridity caused by major uplift of the Sierra Nevada and Transverse Ranges during the Quaternary; and (d) decline in water altitude in response to erosion triggered by increasing aridity and/or tectonism. A synthesis of geohydrologic, neotectonic, and paleoclimatologic information with the vein-calcite data permits the inference that the water table in the south-central Great Basin progressively lowered throughout the Quaternary. This inference is pertinent to an evaluation of the utility of thick (200-600 m) unsaturated zones of the region for isolating solidified radioactive wastes from the hydrosphere for hundreds of millenia. Wastes buried a few tens to perhaps 100 m above the modern water table--that is above possible water level rises due to future pluvial climates--are unlikely to be inundated by a rising water table in the foreseeable geologic future. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85697","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I., and Szabo, B.J., 1986, Water-table decline in the south-central Great Basin during the Quaternary Period; implications for toxic-waste disposal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-697, iii, 18 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85697.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0697/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45598,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0697/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16393,"text":"ofr86138 - 1986 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16393,"text":"ofr86138 - 1986 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"ofr86138","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70044053,"text":"70044053 - 1987 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"70044053","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70044053,"text":"70044053 - 1987 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"70044053","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T00:52:45.562195","indexId":"ofr86138","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-138","title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","docAbstract":"During 1979-84, 35 wells completed in the principal aquifer in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, that had been sampled during 1962-67 were resampled to determine if water quality changes had occurred. The dissolved solids concentration of the water from 13 of the wells has increased by more than 10% since 1962-67.
Much of the ground water between the mouth of Bingham Canyon and the Jordan River about 10 mi to the east has been contaminated by seepage from reservoirs and evaporation ponds associated with mining activities. Many domestic and irrigation wells yield water with concentrations of dissolved solids that exceed 2,000 mg/L. A reservoir in the mouth of Bingham Canyon contains acidic waters with a pH of 3 to 4 and concentrations of dissolved solids ranging from 43,000 to 68,000 mg/L. Seepage from evaporation ponds, which are about 4.5 mi east of the reservoir, also is acidic and contains similar concentrations of dissolved solids. East of the reservoir, where a steep hydraulic gradient exists along the mountain front, the velocities of contaminant movement were estimated to range from about 680-1,000 ft/yr.
Groundwater underlying part of the community of South Salt Lake near the Jordan River has been contaminated by leachate from uranium-mill tailings. The major effect of the leachate from the tailings of the Vitro Chemical Co. on the shallow unconfined aquifer downgradient from the tailings was the contribution of measurable quantities of dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, iron, and uranium. The concentration of dissolved solids in uncontaminated water was 1,650 mg/L, whereas downgradient from the tailings area, the concentrations ranged from 2,320-21,000 mg/L. The maximum volume of contaminated water was estimated to be 7,800 acre-ft.
The major effect of the leachate from the Vitro tailings on the confined aquifer was the contribution of measurable quantities of dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, and iron. The concentration of dissolved solids upgradient from the tailings was 330 mg/L, and beneath and downgradient from the tailings the concentrations were 864 and 1,240 mg/L. The minimum volume of contaminated water in the confined aquifer was estimated to be about 12,000 acre-ft.
A calibrated, 3-dimensional, ground-water flow model was used to simulate potential changes in the potentiometric surface due to hypothetical ground-water withdrawals from a postulated well field in the vicinity of the Salt Lake International Center. Using a pumping rate of 30 cubic feet per second, it would require about 3,900 years for the saline ground water from beneath the lake to travel the 7 miles to the postulated well field. (Lantz-PTT)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86138","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Seiler, R.L., and Solomon, D.K., 1986, Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-138, Report: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 29.93 x 42.04 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86138.","productDescription":"Report: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 29.93 x 42.04 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383563,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.413496049701955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4883e4b07f02db517e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13235,"text":"ofr862 - 1986 - Application of the aerial profiling of terrain system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr862","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-2","title":"Application of the aerial profiling of terrain system","docAbstract":"Test well Ch-Bf 146 was drilled to 1,650 ft below land surface to explore and evaluate the Patapsco Formation aquifers deeper than 1,000 ft in the Waldorf/La Plata area of Charles County, Maryland. The test hole penetrated two major aquifer systems above a depth of 1,000 ft and another major aquifer system and aquifer below 1,000 ft. The deepest aquifer system found in the test drilling, the Lower Patapsco aquifer system, is comprised of a group of sands which lie between 1,140 ft and the base of the Patapsco Formation at 1,417 ft. The Waldorf aquifer system, overlies the Upper Patapsco aquifer system and includes sands in the Waldorf/La Plata area that are referred to as the ' Magothy aquifer ' by other. At the test well site, the Waldorf aquifer system consists solely of sands in the Magothy and Monmouth Formations. The three major aquifer systems and the Middle Patapsco aquifer are correlative along the regional strike for at least 10 miles in the Waldorf/La Plata area. Correlations of geophysical logs indicate that individual sands 15 to 25 ft thick can be traced between wells. Geophysical log correlations also indicate that, at some well sites, the Waldorf aquifer system and the Upper Patapsco aquifer system are in sand-on-sand contact and function as one major hydrologic system at these sites. A production well (Ch-Bf 147) was drilled at the site of the test well (Ch-Bf 146). The initial static water level of these aquifers was 9.8 ft below sea level. Evaluation of the 24-hr pumping test of Ch-Bf 147 resulted in a transmissivity of 14,000 gpd/ft (gallons per day per foot) for the first 2 hours of the test and 7,300 gpd/ft for the remainder of the test. The decrease of 6,700 gpd/ft in the transmissivity indicates that the well 's expanding cone of depression intersected a transmissivity boundary after 2 hours of pumping. The Patapsco sands tested in Ch-Bf 147 have a storage coefficient of 0.0016. The hydraulic conductivity of the producing sands in Ch-Bf 147 is 127 gpd/sq ft. The quality of groundwater from the Lower Patapsco aquifer system and the Middle Patapsco aquifer is suitable for most purposes. The water is nearly neutral (pH = 7.4), low in dissolved solids (about 200 mg/L), low in specific conductance, slightly warm (22 C), very soft, naturally fluoridated, and moderately high in dissolved silica. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr862","usgsCitation":"Cyran, E., 1986, Application of the aerial profiling of terrain system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-2, iii, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr862.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0002/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ce4b07f02db4e878e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cyran, E.J.","contributorId":39792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyran","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17989,"text":"ofr86309 - 1986 - Description of sediment data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in small watersheds in coal-mining areas of the eastern United States, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:35:33","indexId":"ofr86309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-309","title":"Description of sediment data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in small watersheds in coal-mining areas of the eastern United States, 1980-84","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 20 small watersheds in the surface-mining areas of the eastern United States from 1980 through 1984 as part of the Survey1 s coal-hydrology program. Each data set includes sediment-concentration, streamflow, and precipitation data collected at 5- or 15-minute intervals. One reason for collecting the data was to test the sediment component of a watershed model. However, adequate testing requires reliable calibration data collected at several points during the rise and fall of hydrographs of several storms. Therefore, the quantity and quality of the data sets needed to be described to determine which sets could be used to test a model adequately. The data sets are described in a table that presents information about watershed characteristics, period of record, and amount of useful sediment data. Also, similar data sets collected by 10 Survey project offices during other Survey programs are described in a similar table.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr86309","usgsCitation":"Arihood, L.D., 1986, Description of sediment data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in small watersheds in coal-mining areas of the eastern United States, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-309, iii, 15 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86309.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :map ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47233,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d3c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12381,"text":"ofr8583 - 1986 - Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T21:51:53.339123","indexId":"ofr8583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-83","title":"Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Jemez Mountains volcanic complex, located in north-central New Mexico at the intersection of the Rio Grande rift and Jemez lineament, is a potential location for geothermal energy exploration. This bibliography lists selected papers pertaining to the geology, hydrology, geochemistry, geothermometry, geophysics, ecology, and geothermal and hydrologic modeling aspects of the Jemez region. The bibliography is composed of 795 citations with annotations and a subject and author index. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8583","usgsCitation":"Abeyta, C.G., and Delaney, B.M., 1986, Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-83, iii, 155 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8583.","productDescription":"iii, 155 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391463,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16486.htm"},{"id":40616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0083/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.00271606445312,\n 35.57915038479427\n ],\n [\n -106.08673095703125,\n 35.57915038479427\n ],\n [\n -106.08673095703125,\n 36.25424062786422\n ],\n [\n -107.00271606445312,\n 36.25424062786422\n ],\n [\n -107.00271606445312,\n 35.57915038479427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67be63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delaney, B. M.","contributorId":42217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14980,"text":"ofr86269 - 1986 - Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7362,"text":"ofr84842 - 1984 - Ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP) software; modification II","indexId":"ofr84842","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP) software; modification II"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":14980,"text":"ofr86269 - 1986 - Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III","indexId":"ofr86269","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr86269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-269","title":"Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86269","usgsCitation":"Miller, G., 1986, Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-269, ii, 128 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86269.","productDescription":"ii, 128 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43790,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, G.K.","contributorId":43793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19123,"text":"ofr86405 - 1986 - Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected in 1980 in the eastern Chukchi Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T08:25:35","indexId":"ofr86405","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-405","title":"Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected in 1980 in the eastern Chukchi Sea","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected approximately 2,652 km of 24-channel seismic-reflection data in early September, 1980, over the continental shelf in the eastern Chukchi Sea (Fig. 1). The profiles were collected on the USGS Research Vessel S.P. Lee. The seismic energy source consisted of a tuned array of five airguns with a total volume of 1213 cubic inches of air compressed to approximately 1900 psi. The recording system consisted of a 24-channel, 2400 meter long streamer with a group interval of 100 m, and a GUS (Global Universal Science) model 4200 digital recording instrument. Shots were fired every 50 meters. Navigational control for the survey was provided by a Magnavox integrated navigation system using transit satellites and doppler-sonar augmented by Loran C (Rho-Rho). A 2-millisecond sampling rate was used in the field; the data were later desampled to 4-milliseconds during the demultiplexing process. 8 seconds data length was recorded. Processing was done at the USGS Pacific Marine Geology Multichannel Processing Center in Menlo Park, California, in the sequence: editing-demultiplexing, velocity analysis, CDP stacking, deconvolution-filtering, and plotting on an electrostatic plotter. Plate 1 is a trackline chart showing shotpoint navigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86405","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., Mann, D.M., and May, S., 1986, Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected in 1980 in the eastern Chukchi Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-405, Report: 4 p.; Plate: 34.12 x 33.84 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86405.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Plate: 34.12 x 33.84 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0405/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48582,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0405/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0405/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.48583984375,\n 66.08936427047088\n ],\n [\n -170.48583984375,\n 71.10254274232307\n ],\n [\n -162.1142578125,\n 71.10254274232307\n ],\n [\n -162.1142578125,\n 66.08936427047088\n ],\n [\n -170.48583984375,\n 66.08936427047088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dennis M.","contributorId":50528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Steven D.","contributorId":56194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Steven D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12343,"text":"ofr86480 - 1986 - Two-hundred years of hydrogeology in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T17:31:38","indexId":"ofr86480","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-480","title":"Two-hundred years of hydrogeology in the United States","docAbstract":"The Hydrogeology Division of the Geological Society of America (GSA) sponsored a symposium entitled ' Hydrogeology in the United States, 1776- 1976 ' at the annual meeting of the GSA on November 9, 1976. The symposium was organized to provide a forum for discussion of major eras in the history of American hydrogeology and to contribute to the bicentennial celebration of the founding of the United States. Presentations were broken down into 3 sections: The Early Era (with a tribute to Oscar E. Meinzer), 1776-1920; Meinzer Era, 1910-1940; and the Modern Era (including scientific advantages; the quantification of hydrogeology; geochemistry; surface and borehole geophysics; and hydrogeology, policy, and politics) 1940-1976. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86480","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., Lohman, S.W., and Chase, E., 1986, Two-hundred years of hydrogeology in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-480, vi, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86480.","productDescription":"vi, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0480/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0480/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6238a2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rosenshein, J.S.","contributorId":95082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenshein","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749492,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, E.B.","contributorId":100357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33356,"text":"b1713A - 1986 - Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T13:30:04.246716","indexId":"b1713A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area (CDCA266) comprises approximately 45,000 acres in the northern New York Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. At the request of the Bureau of Land Management, 39,303 acres of the wilderness study area were studied. The area was investigated during 1982-1985 using combined geologic, geochemical, and geophysical methods. are considered preliminarily suitable for wilderness deignation. There are no mineral reserves or identified resources in the study area. Fluorspar, occurring in sparse veins, has moderate resource potential, as do silver and lead in fault zones, and gold and silver in sparse, high-grade veins and fault breccia. Each area of moderate resource potential encompasses less than one square mile. These same commodities have low resource potential in similar occurrences throughout much of the study area. In addition, there is low resource potential for gold in placer deposits, uranium in altered breccia and gouge, and rare-earth elements in pegmatite dikes. There is no resource potential for oil and gas resources over most of the study area, but the potential is unknown along its western margin. In this report, the area studied is referred to\"the wilderness study area\", or simply \"the study area.\"
","largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Wilderness Study Areas: Eastern California Desert Conservation Area","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1713A","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Frisken, J.G., Jachens, R.C., and Gese, D.D., 1986, Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1713, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1713A.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino","otherGeospatial":"Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 35.475769157259265\n ],\n [\n -115.32829284667967,\n 35.4550769336729\n ],\n [\n -115.34751892089845,\n 35.45172093634465\n ],\n [\n -115.37498474121092,\n 35.44053326772722\n ],\n [\n -115.38459777832031,\n 35.43102252677332\n ],\n [\n -115.38528442382812,\n 35.423189308372564\n ],\n [\n -115.31867980957031,\n 35.340894535882846\n ],\n [\n -115.3131866455078,\n 35.335853353844065\n ],\n [\n -115.30288696289062,\n 35.33697364369794\n ],\n [\n -115.28572082519533,\n 35.33473304845998\n ],\n [\n -115.26100158691406,\n 35.316245767635834\n ],\n [\n -115.25207519531249,\n 35.314004597852474\n ],\n [\n -115.23902893066408,\n 35.317926604216396\n ],\n [\n -115.22529602050781,\n 35.3072807158836\n ],\n [\n -115.22804260253906,\n 35.29775425972381\n ],\n [\n -115.23834228515626,\n 35.29383127531525\n ],\n [\n -115.24658203125,\n 35.288226682029574\n ],\n [\n -115.24864196777342,\n 35.278137436300966\n ],\n [\n -115.21156311035156,\n 35.24842291350237\n ],\n [\n -115.04127502441406,\n 35.331372039128475\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 35.475769157259265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, James G.","contributorId":76740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gese, Diann D.","contributorId":68808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gese","given":"Diann","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}