Behind the single-file chain of stratovolcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula, independent rear-arc vents for mafic magmas are uncommon, and for silicic magmas rarer still. We report here the characteristics, compositions, and ages of two andesite-dacite dome clusters and of several nearby basaltic units, all near Becharof Lake and 15 to 20 km behind the volcanic front. Blue Mountain consists of 13 domes (58-68 weight percent SiO2) and The Gas Rocks of three domes (62-64.5 weight percent SiO2) and a mafic cone (52 weight percent SiO2). All 16 domes are amphibole-biotite-plagioclase felsite, and nearly all are phenocryst rich and quartz bearing. Although the two dome clusters are lithologically and chemically similar and only 25 km apart, they differ strikingly in age. The main central dome of Blue Mountain yields an 40Ar/39Ar age of 632±7 ka, and two of the Gas Rocks domes ages of 25.7±1.4 and 23.3±1.2 ka. Both clusters were severely eroded by glaciation; surviving volumes of Blue Mountain domes total ~1 km3, and of the Gas Rocks domes 0.035 km3. Three basaltic vents lie close to The Gas Rocks, another lies just south of Blue Mountain, and a fifth is near the north shore of Becharof Lake. A basaltic andesite vent 6 km southeast of The Gas Rocks appears to be a flank vent of the arc-front center Mount Peulik. The basalt of Ukinrek Maars has been called transitionally alkalic, but all the other basaltic rocks are subalkaline. CO2-rich gas emissions near the eponymous Gas Rocks domes are not related to the 25-ka dacite dome cluster but, rather, to intracrustal degassing of intrusive basalt, one batch of which erupted 3 km away in 1977. The felsic and mafic vents all lie along or near the Bruin Bay Fault where it intersects a broad transverse structural zone marked by topographic, volcanologic, and geophysical discontinuities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1739A","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., Fierstein, J., and Calvert, A.T., 2007, Blue Mountain and the Gas Rocks: Rear-arc dome clusters on the Alaska Peninsula (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1739, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1739A.","productDescription":"27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415393,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82930.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10567,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1739/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountain and the Gas Rocks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157,\n 58.0833\n ],\n [\n -157,\n 57.6\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 57.6\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 58.0833\n ],\n [\n -157,\n 58.0833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judith 0000-0001-8024-1426 jfierstn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-1426","contributorId":147000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judith","email":"jfierstn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80705,"text":"ofr20071386 - 2007 - Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2006 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20071386","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1386","title":"Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2006 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Kuskokwim mineral belt of Bundtzen and Miller (1997) forms an important metallogenic region in southwestern Alaska that has yielded more than 3.22 million ounces of gold and 400,000 ounces of silver. Precious-metal and related deposits in this region associated with Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary igneous complexes extend into the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle. The U.S. Geological Survey is in the process of conducting a mineral resource assessment of this region. This report presents analytical data collected during the third year of this multiyear study. A total of 138 rock geochemistry samples collected during the 2006 field season were analyzed using the ICP-AES/MS42, ICP-AES10, fire assay, and cold vapor atomic absorption methods described in more detail below. Analytical values are provided in percent (% or pct: 1 gram per 100 grams), parts per million (ppm: 1 gram per 1,000,000 grams), or parts per billion (ppb: 1 gram per 1,000,000,000 grams) as indicated in the column heading of the data table. Data are provided for download in Excel (*.xls), comma delimited (*.csv), dBase 4 (*.dbf) and as a point coverage in ArcInfo interchange (*.e00) formats available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1386/.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071386","usgsCitation":"Klimasauskas, E.P., Miller, M.L., and Bradley, D., 2007, Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2006 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1386, Report: 8 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071386.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10564,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1386/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,60 ], [ -159,61 ], [ -156,61 ], [ -156,60 ], [ -159,60 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimasauskas, Edward P.","contributorId":80366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimasauskas","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80683,"text":"ds290 - 2007 - Mining Claim Activity on Federal Land in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ds290","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"290","title":"Mining Claim Activity on Federal Land in the United States","docAbstract":"Several statistical compilations of mining claim activity on Federal land derived from the Bureau of Land Management's LR2000 database have previously been published by the U.S Geological Survey (USGS). The work in the 1990s did not include Arkansas or Florida. None of the previous reports included Alaska because it is stored in a separate database (Alaska Land Information System) and is in a different format. This report includes data for all states for which there are Federal mining claim records, beginning in 1976 and continuing to the present. The intent is to update the spatial and statistical data associated with this report on an annual basis, beginning with 2005 data.\n\nThe statistics compiled from the databases are counts of the number of active mining claims in a section of land each year from 1976 to the present for all states within the United States. Claim statistics are subset by lode and placer types, as well as a dataset summarizing all claims including mill site and tunnel site claims. One table presents data by case type, case status, and number of claims in a section. This report includes a spatial database for each state in which mining claims were recorded, except North Dakota, which only has had two claims. A field is present that allows the statistical data to be joined to the spatial databases so that spatial displays and analysis can be done by using appropriate geographic information system (GIS) software.\n\nThe data show how mining claim activity has changed in intensity, space, and time. Variations can be examined on a state, as well as a national level. The data are tied to a section of land, approximately 640 acres, which allows it to be used at regional, as well as local scale. The data only pertain to Federal land and mineral estate that was open to mining claim location at the time the claims were staked.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds290","usgsCitation":"Causey, J.D., 2007, Mining Claim Activity on Federal Land in the United States (Version 4.0: Revised June 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 290, Version 1.0 Available online and on CD-ROM; Later versions only available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds290.","productDescription":"Version 1.0 Available online and on CD-ROM; Later versions only available online","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_290.jpg"},{"id":10540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,31 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -80,49 ], [ -80,31 ], [ -125,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 4.0: Revised June 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174091,"text":"70174091 - 2007 - Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70174091,"text":"70174091 - 2007 - Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?","indexId":"70174091","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"15","title":"Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70186595,"text":"70186595 - 2007 - The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","indexId":"70186595","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70186595,"text":"70186595 - 2007 - The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","indexId":"70186595","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T17:20:53","indexId":"70174091","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd","doi":"10.1002/9780470995846.ch15","isbn":"9781405115827","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., 2007, Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?, chap. 15 of The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management, p. 470-480, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470995846.ch15.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"480","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e2ce4b07657d1a81944","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Verspoor, Eric","contributorId":190587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verspoor","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689700,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stradmeyer, Lee","contributorId":190588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stradmeyer","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689702,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80655,"text":"ofr20061379 - 2007 - Great Basin Paleontological Bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"ofr20061379","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1379","title":"Great Basin Paleontological Bibliography","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis work was conceived as a derivative product for 'The Metallogeny of the Great Basin' project of the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. In the course of preparing a fossil database for the Great Basin that could be accessed from the Internet, it was determined that a comprehensive paleontological bibliography must first be compiled, something that had not previously been done. This bibliography includes published papers and abstracts as well as unpublished theses and dissertations on fossils and stratigraphy in Nevada and adjoining portions of California and Utah.\r\n\r\nThis bibliography is broken into first-order headings by geologic age, secondary headings by taxonomic group, followed by ancillary topics of interest to both paleontologists and stratigraphers; paleoecology, stratigraphy, sedimentary petrology, paleogeography, tectonics, and petroleum potential.\r\n\r\nReferences were derived from usage of Georef, consultation with numerous paleontologists and geologists working in the Great Basin, and literature currently on hand with the authors. As this is a Web-accessible bibliography, we hope to periodically update it with new citations or older references that we have missed during this compilation. Hence, the authors would be grateful to receive notice of any new or old papers that the readers think should be added.\r\n\r\nAs a final note, we gratefully acknowledge the helpful reviews provided by A. Elizabeth J. Crafford (Anchorage, Alaska) and William R. Page (USGS, Denver, Colorado).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061379","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R., Zhang, N., Hofstra, A.H., and Morrow, J.R., 2007, Great Basin Paleontological Bibliography (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1379, 235 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061379.","productDescription":"235 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Ning","contributorId":76415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrow, Jared R.","contributorId":65934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80653,"text":"ds304 - 2007 - Supplemental materials for the analysis of capture-recapture data for polar bears in Western Hudson Bay, Canada, 1984-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:15:32","indexId":"ds304","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"304","title":"Supplemental materials for the analysis of capture-recapture data for polar bears in Western Hudson Bay, Canada, 1984-2004","docAbstract":"Regehr and others (2007, Survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay in relation to earlier sea ice breakup: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 8) evaluated survival in relation to climatic conditions and estimated population size for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in western Hudson Bay, Canada. Here, we provide supplemental materials for the analyses in Regehr and others (2007). We demonstrate how tag-return data from harvested polar bears were used to adjust estimates of total survival for human-caused mortality. We describe the sex and age composition of the capture and harvest samples and provide results for goodness-of-fit tests applied to capture-recapture models. We also describe the capture-recapture model selection procedure and the structure of the most supported model, which was used to estimate survival and population size.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds304","usgsCitation":"Regehr, E.V., Lunn, N., Amstrup, S.C., and Stirling, I., 2007, Supplemental materials for the analysis of capture-recapture data for polar bears in Western Hudson Bay, Canada, 1984-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 304, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds304.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10492,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/304/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":293189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":293188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stirling, Ian","contributorId":72079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":293190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80632,"text":"cir1300 - 2007 - About the geologic map in the National Atlas of the United States of America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T10:59:36","indexId":"cir1300","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1300","title":"About the geologic map in the National Atlas of the United States of America","docAbstract":"The geologic map in the National Atlas of the United States of America shows the age, distribution, and general character of the rocks that underlie the Nation, including Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands (but excluding other small island possessions). (The National Atlas of the United States can be accessed at URL http://nationalatlas.gov/natlas/Natlasstart.asp.) The map depicts the bedrock that lies immediately beneath soils or surficial deposits except where these deposits are so thick and extensive that the type of bedrock beneath them can only be inferred by deep drilling or geophysical methods, or both. Thus, it does not show the extensive glacial deposits of the North Central and Northeastern States, the deep residuum of the Southeastern and South Central States, the relatively thin alluvium along many major rivers and basins, and extensive eolian deposits on the high plains. However, it does show, in a general way, the thick alluvial deposits along the lower Mississippi River and on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, and in the deep basins of the western cordillera. The rocks are classified as either sedimentary, volcanic, plutonic, or metamorphic, and their geologic ages are given in terms using a simplified version of the 1999 Geological Society of America geologic time scale. In some places rocks depicted as sedimentary are interlayered with volcanic rocks, including tuff, volcanic breccia, and volcanic flows. Conversely, many of the rocks shown as volcanic include interlayered sedimentary rocks. Plutonic rocks are classified by age and as granitic, intermediate, mafic, or ultramafic, but no similar classification has been attempted for the volcanic rocks in this version of the map. Where sedimentary or volcanic rocks have been metamorphosed but still retain clear evidence of their depositional age and origin, the extent of the metamorphism is shown by a pattern. Where the metamorphism has been so intense that the rocks bear little resemblance to the rocks from which they were derived, they are mapped as gneiss, but the age given is generally the age of the original rocks. The map in the National Atlas is a generalization of a new geologic map of North America that has recently been published by the Geological Society of America. The original compilation was prepared at a scale of 1:2,500,000 for publication at a scale of 1:5,000,000. This generalized version is intended for viewing at scales between about 1:10,000,000 and 1:7,500,000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1300","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., and Bush, C.A., 2007, About the geologic map in the National Atlas of the United States of America (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1300, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1300.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1300/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2500000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a3e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, John C. jreed@usgs.gov","contributorId":1259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John C.","email":"jreed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80620,"text":"ofr20071197 - 2007 - Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River and its tributaries between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T19:22:48.268834","indexId":"ofr20071197","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1197","title":"Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River and its tributaries between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA, 2004","docAbstract":"The Yukon River basin is the fourth largest watershed in North America at 855,300 square kilometers (km2). Approximately 126,000 people live within the basin and depend on the Yukon River and its tributaries for drinking water, commerce, subsistence and recreational fish and game resources.
Climate warming in the Arctic and Sub arctic regions encompassing the Yukon basin has recently become a concern because of possible far-reaching effects on the ecosystem. Large amounts of carbon and nutrients are stored in permafrost and have potential for release in response to this warming. These changes in carbon and nutrient cycling may result in changes in stream chemistry and productivity, including salmon populations, and ultimately changes in the chemistry and productivity of the Bearing Sea.
To address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a 5-year comprehensive water-quality study of the Yukon River and its major tributaries starting in 2000. The study included frequent water-quality sampling at a fixed site network as well as intensive sampling along the Yukon River and its major tributaries.
This report contains observations of water and sediment quantity and quality of the Yukon River and its tributaries in Canada during 2004. Chemical, biological, physical, and discharge data are presented for the reach of river between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071197","usgsCitation":"Halm, D.R., and Dornblaser, M.M., 2007, Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River and its tributaries between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA, 2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1197, viii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071197.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403671,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82798.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.1667,\n 59.1667\n ],\n [\n -127,\n 59.1667\n ],\n [\n -127,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141.1667,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141.1667,\n 59.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97238,"text":"ofr20071359E - 2008 - Chemical data for precipitate samples","indexId":"ofr20071359E","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Precipitate Samples","title":"Chemical data for precipitate samples"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":97239,"text":"ofr20071359AD - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359AD","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-D","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T12:39:51.889246","indexId":"ofr20071359","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1359","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nIn the early 20th century, approximately 6 million metric tons of copper ore were mined from numerous deposits located along the shorelines of fjords and islands in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites (fig. 1), rocks containing Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb sulfide minerals are exposed to chemical weathering in abandoned mine workings and remnant waste piles that extend into the littoral zone. Field investigations in 2003 and 2005 as well as analytical data for rock, sediment, precipitate, water, and biological samples reveal that the oxidation of sulfides at these sites is resulting in the generation of acid mine drainage and the transport of metals into the marine environment (Koski and others, 2008; Stillings and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nAt the Ellamar and Threeman sites, plumes of acidic and metal-enriched water are flowing through beach gravels into the shallow offshore environment. Interstitial water samples collected from beach sediment at Ellamar have low pH levels (to ~3) and high concentrations of metals including iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, and mercury. The abundant precipitation of the iron sulfate mineral jarosite in the Ellamar gravels also signifies a low-pH environment. At the Beatson mine site (the largest copper mine in the region) seeps containing iron-rich microbial precipitates drain into the intertidal zone below mine dumps (Foster and others, 2008). A stream flowing down to the shoreline from underground mine workings at Beatson has near-neutral pH, but elevated levels of zinc, copper, and lead (Stillings and others, 2008). Offshore sediment samples at Beatson are enriched in these metals. Preliminary chemical data for tissue from marine mussels collected near the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson sites reveal elevated levels of copper, zinc, and lead compared to tissue in mussels from other locations in Prince William Sound (Koski and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nThree papers presenting results of this ongoing investigation of sulfide oxidation in Prince William Sound are in press. Koski and others (2008) provide an overview of rock alteration, surface water chemistry, and the distribution of metals at the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson mine sites. Based on a 60-day, stream-discharge experiment at Beatson in 2005, Stillings and others (2008) analyze changes in water chemistry during storm events and the flux of metals to the shoreline. Foster and others (2008) investigate the biomass and diversity of microbial communities present in surface waters (streams, seeps, pore waters) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAMES) data and principal component analysis. The publications cited above contain a subset of the total chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples collected from the three mine sites in 2003 and 2005. The purpose of this report is the presentation of complete chemical data sets for all samples collected during the two field periods of fieldwork. Data for a small number of samples collected at two other mines (Schlosser and Fidalgo, fig. 1), visited in 2003, are also included in the tables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071359","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., and Munk, L., 2007, Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1359, Report:30 p.; GIS Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071359.","productDescription":"Report:30 p.; GIS Files; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10461,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1359/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150,59.5 ], [ -150,61.25 ], [ -145,61.25 ], [ -145,59.5 ], [ -150,59.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, LeeAnn","contributorId":9727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"LeeAnn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80578,"text":"ofr20071183A - 2007 - Introduction to Regional Geology, Tectonics, and Metallogenesis of Northeast Asia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80578,"text":"ofr20071183A - 2007 - Introduction to Regional Geology, Tectonics, and Metallogenesis of Northeast Asia","indexId":"ofr20071183A","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Introduction to Regional Geology, Tectonics, and Metallogenesis of Northeast Asia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98144,"text":"pp1765 - 2010 - Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia","indexId":"pp1765","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98144,"text":"pp1765 - 2010 - Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia","indexId":"pp1765","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-30T14:31:34","indexId":"ofr20071183A","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1183","chapter":"A","title":"Introduction to Regional Geology, Tectonics, and Metallogenesis of Northeast Asia","docAbstract":"Purpose\nThis introduction presents an overview of the regional geology, tectonics, and metallogenesis of Northeast Asia. The major purposes are to provide a relatively short summary of these features for readers who are unfamiliar with Northeast Asia; a general scientific introduction for the succeeding chapters of this volume; and an overview of the methodology of metallogenic and tectonic analysis employed for Northeast Asia. The introduction also describes how a high-quality metallogenic and tectonic analysis, including synthesis of an associated metallogenic-tectonic model will greatly benefit refinement of mineral deposit models and deposit genesis; improvement of assessments of undiscovered mineral resources as part of quantitative mineral resource assessment studies; land-use and mineral exploration planning; improvement of interpretations of the origins of host rocks, mineral deposits, and metallogenic belts; and suggestions for new research. \n\nThe compilation, synthesis, description, and interpretation of metallogenesis and tectonics of major regions, such as Northeast Asia (Eastern Russia, Mongolia, northern China, South Korea, and Japan) and the Circum-North Pacific (Russian Far East, Alaska, and Canadian Cordillera) requires a complex methodology. The methodology includes: (1) definitions of key terms; (2) compilation of a regional geologic base map that can be interpreted according to modern tectonic concepts and definitions; (3) compilation of a mineral deposit database that enables the determination of mineral deposit models, and relations of deposits to host rocks and tectonic origins; (4) synthesis of a series of mineral deposit models that characterize the known mineral deposits and inferred undiscovered deposits of the region; (5) compilation of a series of maps of metallogenic belts constructed on the regional geologic base map; and (6) formulation of a unified metallogenic and tectonic model. \n\nThe summary of regional geology and metallogenesis in this introduction is based on publications of the major international collaborative studies of the metallogenesis and tectonics of Northeast Asia that were led by the U.S. Geological Survey. These studies have produced two broad types of publications. One type is a series of regional geologic, mineral deposit, and metallogenic belt maps and companion descriptions for the regions. Examples of major publications of this type are Obolenskiy and others (2003a, b, 2004), Parfenov and others (2003, 2004a, b), Nokleberg and others (2004), Rodionov and others (2004), and Naumova and others (2006). The other type is a suite of metallogenic and tectonic analyses of these same regions. Examples of major publications of this type are Rodionov and others (2004), Nokleberg and others (2000, 2004, 2005), and Naumova and others (2006). \n\nThe Northeast Asia project area consists of eastern Russia (most of Siberia and most of the Russian Far East), Mongolia, Northern China, South Korea, Japan, and adjacent offshore areas. This area is approximately bounded by 30 to 82? N. latitude and 75 to 144? E. longitude. The major participating agencies are the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), VNIIOkeangeologia and Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Mongolian National University, Jilin University, Changchun, China, the China Geological Survey, the Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, the Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, University of Texas Arlington, and the U.S. Geological Survey. \n\nThe Northeast Asia project extends and build on data and interpretations from a previous project on the Major Mineral Deposits, Metallogenesis, and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera that was conducted by the USGS, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys,","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071183A","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Russian Academy of Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Korean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, and Jilin University","usgsCitation":"Parfenov, L.M., Badarch, G., Berzin, N.A., Hwang, D., Khanchuk, A.I., Kuzmin, M.I., Nokleberg, W.J., Obolenskiy, A.O., Ogasawara, M., Prokopiev, A.V., Rodionov, S.M., Smelov, A., and Yan, H., 2007, Introduction to Regional Geology, Tectonics, and Metallogenesis of Northeast Asia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1183, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071183A.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1183/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 75,30 ], [ 75,82 ], [ -169,82 ], [ -169,30 ], [ 75,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d1323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Badarch, Gombosuren","contributorId":6940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badarch","given":"Gombosuren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berzin, Nikolai A.","contributorId":33793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berzin","given":"Nikolai","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, Duk-Hwan","contributorId":43804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"Duk-Hwan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuzmin, Mikhail I.","contributorId":95956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Obolenskiy, Alexander O.","contributorId":92760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obolenskiy","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ogasawara, Masatsugu","contributorId":17638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogasawara","given":"Masatsugu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Prokopiev, Andrei V.","contributorId":20825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopiev","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rodionov, Sergey M.","contributorId":64726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodionov","given":"Sergey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smelov, Alexander P.","contributorId":30685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smelov","given":"Alexander P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Yan, Hongquan","contributorId":81559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"Hongquan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":80495,"text":"fs20073061 - 2007 - Tintina Gold Province Study, Alaska and Yukon Territory, 2002-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"fs20073061","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3061","title":"Tintina Gold Province Study, Alaska and Yukon Territory, 2002-2007","docAbstract":"The Tintina gold province is an arc-shaped 2,000-kilometer-long metallogenic province that extends from northern British Columbia, through the Yukon Territory, and across and into southwestern Alaska. In the United States, the province remains a prime area for gold exploration and includes such large gold deposits as Pogo, Fort Knox-True North, and Donlin Creek.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, gold exploration and development and mining activity have accelerated in the area. Plans have been discussed for public and private projects and infrastructures associated with development.\r\n\r\nA U.S. Geological Survey study undertaken from 2002 to 2007 provides a context for understanding why and how the mineral resources of the area were formed, why this area is so abundantly endowed, and how the environmental signatures that are characteristic of the area are related to the development of mineral resources.\r\n\r\nCharacterization of natural baseline metal concentrations in the area's watersheds is necessary to address future land-use issues related to mining and/or infrastructure activities. A thorough understanding of water-rock and element-bioavailability processes will help predict the possible environmental impact of development. The five tasks of this study add to the science of defining and understanding an 'intrusion-related gold system.'","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073061","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., and Day, W.C., 2007, Tintina Gold Province Study, Alaska and Yukon Territory, 2002-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3061, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073061.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3061.jpg"},{"id":10319,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185643,"text":"70185643 - 2007 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T20:35:20.901029","indexId":"70185643","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"Energy is the essential commodity that powers the expanding global economy. Starting in the 1950s, oil and natural gas became the main sources of primary energy for the rapidly increasing world population (Edwards, 1997). In 2003, petroleum was the source for 62.1% of global energy, and projections by energy information administration (EIA) indicate that oil and gas will continue their dominance, supplying 59.5% of global energy in 2030 (EIA, 2007). Unfortunately petroleum and coal consumption carry major detrimental environmental impacts that may be regional or global in scale, including air pollution, global climate change and oil spills. This special volume of Applied Geochemistry, devoted to “Environmental Issues Related to Oil and Gas Exploration and Production”, does not address these major impacts directly because air pollution and global climate change are issues related primarily to the burning of petroleum and coal, and major oil spills generally occur during ocean transport, such as the Exxon Valdez 1989 spill of 42,000 m3 (260,000 bbl) oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.006","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., and Otton, J.K., 2007, Preface: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2095-2098, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.006.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2095","endPage":"2098","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251ae4b0543bf7fda7fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80448,"text":"ofr20071286 - 2007 - Geoscience for Alaska's D-1 lands: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T20:19:20.227638","indexId":"ofr20071286","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1286","title":"Geoscience for Alaska's D-1 lands: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"Purpose of This Report This interim report follows from the June 2006 recommendations to Congress by the BLM concerning disposition of the d-1 lands. That report recommended lifting of a significant number of d-1 PLOs, through the ongoing land management process within the BLM (e.g. resource management planning areas), or through Congressional action. The strategic actions outlined in this document refer only to Federal lands under US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) jurisdiction that 1) are affected by temporary withdrawals from mineral entry and mineral leasing by PLOs made pursuant to the Section 17(d)(1) of the ANCSA; 2) have been identified by the BLM as candidates for possible lifting of these PLOs and restrictions (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2006); and 3) lie outside of current Federal parks, preserves, monuments, refuges, reserves, wilderness areas and military installations that are closed to mineral entry, because within those areas the potential lifting of the d-1 restrictions has no practical effect. The resulting lands discussed here comprise approximately 121,000 km2 (29.9 million acres) of Alaska (Table 1) that, pending final resolution of Native and State land claims, will or may remain under Federal (BLM) control, and could be opened to mineral entry. For the purposes of this report, only these 29.9 million acres will hereafter be referred to as 'd-1' lands. This report gives a brief overview of the spatial distribution and physiographic setting, mineral occurrences, and mineral resource potential of the d-1lands. It outlines further geoscience information which could be compiled, collected, and evaluated in order to make a more accurate and comprehensive examination of the potential for undiscovered, locatable mineral resources on these Federal lands. This information is intended to provide guidance to USGS program managers and Federal land managers on matters of future exploration, access needs, and consequences of land status changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071286","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J.M., Gamble, B.M., and Labay, K., 2007, Geoscience for Alaska's D-1 lands: A preliminary report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1286, Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 31 x 33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071286.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 31 x 33 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407545,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81810.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Alaska Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169,58 ], [ -169,70 ], [ -141,70 ], [ -141,58 ], [ -169,58 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gamble, B. M.","contributorId":79485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80405,"text":"ofr20071250 - 2007 - Technical-information products for a National Volcano Early Warning System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T10:06:14","indexId":"ofr20071250","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1250","title":"Technical-information products for a National Volcano Early Warning System","docAbstract":"Technical outreach — distinct from general-interest and K-12 educational outreach — for volcanic hazards is aimed at providing usable scientific information about potential or ongoing volcanic activity to public officials, businesses, and individuals in support of their response, preparedness, and mitigation efforts. Within the context of a National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS) (Ewert et al., 2005), technical outreach is a critical process, transferring the benefits of enhanced monitoring and hazards research to key constituents who have to initiate actions or make policy decisions to lessen the hazardous impact of volcanic activity.
This report discusses recommendations of the Technical-Information Products Working Group convened in 2006 as part of the NVEWS planning process. The basic charge to the Working Group was to identify a web-based, volcanological \"product line\" for NVEWS to meet the specific hazard-information needs of technical users. Members of the Working Group were:
Since the early 1990s, the southwestern Alaskan sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population has declined dramatically and the cause has yet to be determined. Population trajectories of large mammals are determined by three factors: survival rate, reproduction rate, and age of first reproduction (AFR). Of these three, AFR should respond first to environmental change. Life history theory predicts that AFR will be older with bottom-up causes (ie, food limitation) and younger when the cause of the decline is top-down (ie, predation), as there is usually abundant resources in this scenario. Traditionally, determining AFR required lethal sampling, which may not always be possible. Work on many mammalian species suggests that the width of annual cementum layers in teeth may decline when breeding begins. If so, examining teeth annuli may provide a nonlethal alternative for determining AFR. Ongoing research has shown this relationship in female sea otters, but male sea otters have not been tested. Sea otter testes and premolar teeth slides were collected by subsistence hunters working with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Sea Otter and Steller Sea Lion Commission from Alaska (1994– 2005). We determined the pattern in cementum annuli thickness for male sea otters across age by measuring annuli at three sites on each of the two slide sections available. We found that cementum annuli layers decreased with age, but found no correlation between cementum annuli and sexual maturity in male sea otters. This lack of correlation may be due to sampling error or different energy expenditures during reproduction for each sex. Since females expend large amounts of energy through gestation and lactation, we hypothesize that the width of female cementum annuli decreases at a much sharper rate when they reach AFR.
The southwest Alaskan sea otter population has plummeted up to 90% since the early 1990s and the reason is unknown.1 Declines may be due to a bottom-up source caused by lack of food and habitat that occurs when populations are dense, in which case we would expect reproduction rates to decrease and age of first reproduction (AFR) to increase. However, circumstantial evidence suggests that the decline may be due to a top-down source, ie, predation.2 In this case, we would expect reproduction rates to increase and AFR to decrease due to lowered densities that coincide with top-down declines.3
An ongoing study of female sea otters has shown that past reproduction can be determined by analysis of cementum annuli in the teeth, and used to calculate AFR.4 Cementum annuli are annual deposits of minerals that occur on the root of a tooth that correspond to the growth of the animal (Figure 1). During summer and spring, growth is fast which accounts for the white area, but during winter, growth slows down and the cementum is compressed which accounts for a darkened line. In females, the relationship between cementum width declines and reproduction likely reflects the large expenditure of energy that is required during gestation and lactation. However, male and female mammals expend energy for reproduction in very distinct ways,3 and the same pattern of cementum decline may not be present in males. Since shifts in the life history strategy of males are poorly understood, we are interested in testing the relationship between cementum declines and reproduction in male sea otters using cementum analysis.
","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","issn":"1049510X","usgsCitation":"Proper, J., von Biela, V.R., and Burns, J.M., 2007, Determining the pattern of cementum annuli and relationship to reproduction in male sea otters: Ethnicity and Disease, v. 17, no. 4, p. S545-S547.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"S545","endPage":"S547","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e2ee4b07657d1a81954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Proper, Josh","contributorId":172462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Proper","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Jennifer M.","contributorId":98569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174199,"text":"70174199 - 2007 - Sockeye salmon evolution, ecology, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T11:46:36","indexId":"70174199","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5113,"text":"Scitech Book News","onlineIssn":"0196-6006","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sockeye salmon evolution, ecology, and management","docAbstract":"This collection of articles and photographs gives managers a good idea of recent research into what the sockeye salmon is and does, covering such topics as the vulnerability and value of sockeye salmon ecotypes, their homing ability, using new technologies to monitor reproduction, DNA and a founder event in the Lake Clark sockeye salmon, marine-derived nutrients, the exploitation of large prey, dynamic lake spawning migrations by females, variability of sockeye salmon residence, expression profiling using cDNA microarray technology, learning from stable isotropic records of native otolith hatcheries, the amount of data needed to manage sockeye salmon and estimating salmon \"escapement.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"Ringgold Inc","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","issn":"01966006","isbn":"9781888569889","usgsCitation":"Woody, C.A., 2007, Sockeye salmon evolution, ecology, and management: Scitech Book News, v. 31, no. 3.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2cae4b07dd077c6aaa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174313,"text":"70174313 - 2007 - Seismic detection and analysis of icequakes at Columbia Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T16:58:58","indexId":"70174313","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic detection and analysis of icequakes at Columbia Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Contributions to sea level rise from rapidly retreating marine-terminating glaciers are large and increasing. Strong increases in iceberg calving occur during retreat, which allows mass transfer to the ocean at a much higher rate than possible through surface melt alone. To study this process, we deployed an 11-sensor passive seismic network at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, during 2004–2005. We show that calving events generate narrow-band seismic signals, allowing frequency domain detections. Detection parameters were determined using direct observations of calving and validated using three statistical methods and hypocenter locations. The 1–3 Hz detections provide a good measure of the temporal distribution and size of calving events. Possible source mechanisms for the unique waveforms are discussed, and we analyze potential forcings for the observed seismicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000595","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., Marshall, H.P., McNamara, D.E., and Pfeffer, W.T., 2007, Seismic detection and analysis of icequakes at Columbia Glacier, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, no. F3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000595.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jf000595","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"F3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d32e4b0ef4d2f45fac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, Hans P.","contributorId":172745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pfeffer, William Tad","contributorId":76217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Tad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80260,"text":"sim2975 - 2007 - Geologic Map of the Big Delta B-1 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"sim2975","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2975","title":"Geologic Map of the Big Delta B-1 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping and U-Pb age dating of rocks from the Big Delta B-1 quadrangle, east-central Alaska, have yielded new insights into the geology and gold mineral resource for the headwater region of the Goodpaster River, northeast of Delta, Alaska. The area lies within the Yukon-Tanana Upland and is underlain by Paleozoic and Cretaceous crystalline bedrock and contains several gold mines and prospects. The Paleozoic units include biotite gneiss, quartzite interlayered with metapelite, and amphibolite gneiss. The Paleozoic units were intruded during the Devonian by tonalitic to granitic plutons, which, as a result of regional Mesozoic metamorphism and tectonism, are now augen gneiss and biotite orthogneiss. The Mesozoic regional metamorphism and ductile deformation of the entire Yukon-Tanana Upland culminated by the Late Cretaceous (about 116 Ma) as a result of northwest-directed regional transpression along the southern margin of the North American craton. This dynamothermal episode was followed by invasion of syn- to post-tectonic granodioritic to granitic batholiths during the Late Cretaceous (about 113-107 Ma), followed by a pulse of 100-95 Ma quartz feldspar porphyry intrusions. Gold mineralization is spatially associated with various post-tectonic Late Cretaceous granitic dikes and batholiths throughout the quadrangle. A northeast-trending structural corridor, described herein as the Black Mountain tectonic zone, both controlled the emplacement of some of the Cretaceous intrusive rocks, gold deposits, and prospects, as well as formed a deep-seated crustal conduit along which a subsequent rhyolite flow-dome complex erupted during the Paleocene. Tertiary uplift and erosion resulted in the development of extensive erosional pediments. Quaternary alpine glaciation carved beautiful, broad valleys in the eastern part of the quadrangle, leaving behind terminal moraines in the headwater region of the Goodpaster river drainage. Continued Holocene to Recent deformation along the Black Mountain tectonic zone has offset Tertiary terraces, as well as Quaternary fluvial and alluvial deposits, indicating that the area has a long, complex, and ongoing tectonic history.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2975","isbn":"9781411318755","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mining, Land, and Water","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., O’Neill, J.M., Aleinikoff, J.N., Green, G.N., Saltus, R.W., and Gough, L.P., 2007, Geologic Map of the Big Delta B-1 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2975, Plate: 29 x 26 inches; Pamphlet: iv, 23 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2975.","productDescription":"Plate: 29 x 26 inches; Pamphlet: iv, 23 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110740,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81655.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81655"},{"id":192186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2975/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -144.5,64.25 ], [ -144.5,64.5 ], [ -144,64.5 ], [ -144,64.25 ], [ -144.5,64.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a859d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":99522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, Gregory N.","contributorId":40226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80212,"text":"sir20075124 - 2007 - Assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace elements in selected placer-mined creeks in the birch creek watershed near central, Alaska, 2001-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T16:28:46","indexId":"sir20075124","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5124","title":"Assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace elements in selected placer-mined creeks in the birch creek watershed near central, Alaska, 2001-05","docAbstract":"Executive Summary The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, completed an assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace-element concentrations in streambed sediment of the upper Birch Creek watershed near Central, Alaska. The assessment covered one site on upper Birch Creek and paired sites, upstream and downstream from mined areas, on Frying Pan Creek and Harrison Creek. Stream-discharge and suspended-sediment concentration data collected at other selected mined and unmined sites helped characterize conditions in the upper Birch Creek watershed. The purpose of the project was to provide the Bureau of Land Management with baseline information to evaluate watershed water quality and plan reclamation efforts. Data collection began in September 2001 and ended in September 2005. There were substantial geomorphic disturbances in the stream channel and flood plain along several miles of Harrison Creek. Placer mining has physically altered the natural stream channel morphology and removed streamside vegetation. There has been little or no effort to re-contour waste rock piles. During high-flow events, the abandoned placer-mine areas on Harrison Creek will likely contribute large quantities of sediment downstream unless the mined areas are reclaimed. During 2004 and 2005, no substantial changes in nutrient or major-ion concentrations were detected in water samples collected upstream from mined areas compared with water samples collected downstream from mined areas on Frying Pan Creek and Harrison Creek that could not be attributed to natural variation. This also was true for dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance-a measure of total dissolved solids. Sample sites downstream from mined areas on Harrison Creek and Frying Pan Creek had higher median suspended-sediment concentrations, by a few milligrams per liter, than respective upstream sites. However, it is difficult to attach much importance to the small downstream increase, less than 10 milligrams per liter, in median suspended-sediment concentration for either basin. During low-flow conditions in 2004 and 2005, previously mined areas investigated on Harrison Creek and on Frying Pan Creek did not contribute substantial suspended sediments to sample sites downstream from the mined areas. No substantial mining-related water- or sediment-quality problems were detected at any of the sites investigated in the upper Birch Creek watershed during low-flow conditions. Average annual streamflow and precipitation were near normal in 2002 and 2003. Drought conditions, extreme forest fire impact, and low annual streamflow set apart the 2004 and 2005 summer seasons. Daily mean streamflow for upper Birch Creek varied throughout the period of record-from maximums of about 1,000 cubic feet per second to minimums of about 20 cubic feet per second. Streamflow increased and decreased rapidly in response to rainfall and rapid snowmelt events because the steep slopes, thin soil cover, and permafrost areas in the watershed have little capacity to retain runoff. Median suspended-sediment concentrations for the 115 paired samples from Frying Pan Creek and 101 paired samples from Harrison Creek were less than the 20 milligrams per liter total maximum daily load. The total maximum daily load was set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the upper Birch Creek basin in 1996. Suspended-sediment paired-sample data were collected using automated samplers in 2004 and 2005, primarily during low-flow conditions. Suspended-sediment concentrations in grab samples from miscellaneous sites ranged from less than 1 milligram per liter during low-flow conditions to 1,386 milligrams per liter during a high-flow event on upper Birch Creek. Streambed-sediment samples were collected at six sites on Harrison Creek, two sites on Frying Pan Creek, and one site on upper Birch Creek. Trace-element concentrations of mercury, lead, and zinc in streambed sedimen
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, B., and Langley, D.E., 2007, Assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace elements in selected placer-mined creeks in the birch creek watershed near central, Alaska, 2001-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5124, viii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075124.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-09-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10031,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -146.41666666666666,65 ], [ -146.41666666666666,65.66666666666667 ], [ -144.16666666666666,65.66666666666667 ], [ -144.16666666666666,65 ], [ -146.41666666666666,65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Ben W.","contributorId":104519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Ben W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langley, Dustin E.","contributorId":91904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80137,"text":"ofr20071208 - 2007 - Geophysical Characterization of Pre-Cenozoic Basement for Hydrocarbon Assessment, Yukon Flats, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071208","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1208","title":"Geophysical Characterization of Pre-Cenozoic Basement for Hydrocarbon Assessment, Yukon Flats, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Cenozoic basins of interior Alaska are poorly understood, but may host undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in sufficient quantities to serve remote villages and for possible export. Purported oil seeps and the regional occurrence of potential hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks fuel an exploration interest in the 46,000 km2 Yukon Flats basin. Whether hydrocarbon source rocks are present in the pre-Cenozoic basement beneath Yukon Flats is difficult to determine because vegetation and surficial deposits obscure the bedrock geology, only limited seismic data are available, and no deep boreholes have been drilled. Analysis of regional potential field data (aeromagnetics and gravity) is valuable, therefore, for preliminary characterization of basement lithology and structure.\r\n\r\nWe present our analysis as a red-green-blue composite spectral map consisting of: (1) reduced-to-the-pole magnetics (red), (2) magnetic potential (green), and (3) basement gravity (blue). The color and texture patterns on this composite map highlight domains with common geophysical characteristics and, by inference, lithology. The observed patterns yield the primary conclusion that much of the basin is underlain by Devonian to Jurassic oceanic rocks related to the Angayucham and Tozitna terranes (JDat). These rocks are part of a lithologically diverse assemblage of brittlely deformed, generally low-grade metamorphic rocks of oceanic affinity; such rocks probably have little or no potential for hydrocarbon generation.\r\n\r\nThe JDat geophysical signature extends from the Tintina fault system northward to the Brooks Range. Along the eastern edge of the basin, JDat appears to overlie moderately dense and non-magnetic Proterozoic(?) and Paleozoic continental margin rocks. The western edge of the JDat in subsurface is difficult to distinguish due to the presence of magnetic granites similar to those exposed in the Ruby geanticline. In the southern portion of the basin, geophysical patterns indicate the possibility of overthrusting of Cenozoic sediments and underlying JDat by Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks of the Schwatka sequence. These structural hypotheses provide the basis for an overthrust play within the Cenozoic section just south of the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071208","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Phillips, J., Stanley, R., Till, A., and Morin, R.L., 2007, Geophysical Characterization of Pre-Cenozoic Basement for Hydrocarbon Assessment, Yukon Flats, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1208, Plate: 72 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071208.","productDescription":"Plate: 72 x 36 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9951,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153,65 ], [ -153,68 ], [ -141,68 ], [ -141,65 ], [ -153,65 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Till, A.","contributorId":83209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80136,"text":"ofr20071043 - 2007 - Revision of Time-Independent Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20071043","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1043","title":"Revision of Time-Independent Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Alaska","docAbstract":"We present here time-independent probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Alaska and the Aleutians for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 second spectral acceleration at probability levels of 2 percent in 50 years (annual probability of 0.000404), 5 percent in 50 years (annual probability of 0.001026) and 10 percent in 50 years (annual probability of 0.0021). These maps represent a revision of existing maps based on newly obtained data and assumptions reflecting best current judgments about methodology and approach. These maps have been prepared following the procedures and assumptions made in the preparation of the 2002 National Seismic Hazard Maps for the lower 48 States. A significant improvement relative to the 2002 methodology is the ability to include variable slip rate along a fault where appropriate. These maps incorporate new data, the responses to comments received at workshops held in Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska, in May, 2005, and comments received after draft maps were posted on the National Seismic Hazard Mapping Web Site. These maps will be proposed for adoption in future revisions to the International Building Code. In this documentation we describe the maps and in particular explain and justify changes that have been made relative to the 1999 maps.\r\n\r\nWe are also preparing a series of experimental maps of time-dependent hazard that will be described in future documents.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071043","usgsCitation":"Wesson, R.L., Boyd, O.S., Mueller, C.S., Bufe, C.G., Frankel, A.D., and Petersen, M.D., 2007, Revision of Time-Independent Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1043, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071043.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 160,45 ], [ 160,75 ], [ -130,75 ], [ -130,45 ], [ 160,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesson, Robert L. 0000-0003-2702-0012 rwesson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-0012","contributorId":850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"Robert","email":"rwesson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Charles S. 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bufe, Charles G. cbufe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"Charles","email":"cbufe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80092,"text":"ofr20061340 - 2007 - Digital outlines and topography of the glaciers of the American West","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T10:24:11","indexId":"ofr20061340","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1340","title":"Digital outlines and topography of the glaciers of the American West","docAbstract":"Alpine glaciers have generally receded during the past century (post-“Little Ice Age”) because of climate warming (Oerlemans and others, 1998; Mann and others, 1999; Dyurgerov and Meier, 2000; Grove, 2001). This general retreat has accelerated since the mid 1970s, when a shift in atmospheric circulation occurred (McCabe and Fountain, 1995; Dyurgerov and Meier, 2000). The loss in glacier cover has had several profound effects. First, the shrinkage of glaciers results in a net increase in stream flow, typically in late summer when water supplies are at the lowest levels (Fountain and Tangborn, 1985). This additional water is important to ecosystems (Hall and Fagre, 2003) and to human water needs (Tangborn, 1980). However, if shrinkage continues, the net contribution to stream flow will diminish, and the effect upon these benefactors will be adverse. Glacier shrinkage is also a significant factor in current sea level rise (Meier, 1984; Dyurgerov and Meier, 2000). Second, many of the glaciers in the West Coast States are located on stratovolcanoes, and continued recession will leave oversteepened river valleys. These valleys, once buttressed by ice are now subject to failure, creating conditions for lahars (Walder and Driedger, 1994; O’Connor and others, 2001). Finally, reduction or loss of glaciers reduce or eliminate glacial activity as an important geomorphic process on landscape evolution and alters erosion rates in high alpine areas (Hallet and others, 1996). Because of the importance of glaciers to studies of climate change, hazards, and landscape modification, glacier inventories have been published for Alaska (Manley, in press), China (http://wdcdgg.westgis.ac.cn/DATABASE/Glacier/Glacier.asp), Nepal (Mool and others, 2001), Switzerland (Paul and others, 2002), and the Tyrolian Alps of Austria (Paul, 2002), among other locales.
\nTo provide the necessary data for assessing the magnitude and rate of glacier change in the American West, exclusive of Alaska (fig. 1), we are constructing a geographic information system (GIS) database. The data on glacier location and change will be derived from maps, ground-based photographs, and aerial and satellite images. Our first step, reported here, is the compilation of a glacier inventory of the American West. The inventory is compiled from the 1:100,000 (100K) and 1:24,000 (24K)-scale topographic maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The 24K-scale maps provide the most detailed mapping of perennial snow and ice features. This report informs users of the data about the challenges we faced in compiling the data and discusses its errors and uncertainties.
\nWe rely on the expertise of the original cartographers in distinguishing “permanent snow and ice” from seasonal snow, although we know, through personal experience, of cartographic misjudgments. Whether “permanent” means indefinite or resident for several years is impossible to determine within the scope of this study. We do not discriminate between “glacier,” defined as permanent snow or ice that moves (Paterson, 1994), and stagnant snow and ice features. Therefore, we leave to future users the final determination of seasonal versus permanent snow features and the discrimination between true glaciers and stagnant snow and ice bodies. We believe that future studies of more regional focus and knowledge can most accurately refine our initial inventory. For simplicity we refer to all snow and ice bodies in this report as glaciers, although we recognize that most probably do not strictly meet the requirements; many may be snow patches.
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