{"pageNumber":"147","pageRowStart":"3650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":58065,"text":"wri014162 - 2001 - Nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and benthic-invertebrate data for tributaries to the St. Croix River, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:32:16","indexId":"wri014162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4162","title":"Nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and benthic-invertebrate data for tributaries to the St. Croix River, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1997-99","docAbstract":"<p>Nutrient and suspended-sediment data were collected on major tributaries to the St. Croix River during 1997-99 as part of three studies. The first study, done in 1997 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment Program Upper Mississippi Study Unit, was a widespread synoptic survey of nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, and yields during snowmelt. Runoff from snowmelt in agricultural areas and other areas with low permeability soils had significantly greater nutrient concentrations than forested areas, whereas differences in suspended-sediment loading were not detected. In 1998, synoptic samplings of 11 tributaries were done during snowmelt, base-flow, and storm-runoff periods. These studies showed that the Apple, Willow, and Kinnickinnic Rivers were major contributors of suspended sediments and nutrients to the St. Croix River during base flow and storm-runoff events. Nitrate concentrations were high during base flow in the agricultural tributaries?specifically, the Kinnickinnic (4.83 mg/L), Willow (1.53 mg/L), and Apple (0.79 mg/L) Rivers?possibly from ground-water recharge or point-source contributions. Extensive water-quality sampling was done monthly and during high-flow events in water year 1999 (October 1, 1998 to September 30, 1999) in coordination with continuous streamflow monitoring at 12 sites in the St. Croix River Basin. These data were used to compute annual nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and yields at the monitored sites for water year 1999. Relations among environmental characteristics and calculated annual nutrient and suspended-sediment yields were used to estimate loading from unmonitored parts of the basin. The environmental characteristics found to best estimate annual yields were soil characteristics (clay, permeability of soil, and erodibility), basin slope and area, and the percentages of wetland and urban areas in the basins. Variability in 1999 rainfall intensity resulted in annual yields from several northern, forested basins being higher than those from the southern, agricultural basins. The Sunrise River had the highest annual suspended-sediment and nutrient yields in the basin in 1999. Concentrations and instantaneous loading rates varied as much among various flow conditions at individual sites as among sites during the three years of study.</p>\n<p>Benthic invertebrates were sampled and indices of water quality were calculated at 16 tributaries in fall 1999. Benthic invertebrate indices indicated excellent to good water quality at all tributaries except Valley Creek, Willow River, and Kettle River. No relations were found between benthic invertebrate indices and the calculated and estimated 1999 annual tributary loads and yields.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Minnesota-Wisconsin Boundary Area Commission, St. Croix County, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lenz, B.N., Robertson, D.M., Fallon, J.D., and Ferrin, R., 2001, Nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and benthic-invertebrate data for tributaries to the St. Croix River, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4162, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014162.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":5992,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir-01-4162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":88305,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              44.040218713142146\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              46.057985244793024\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.12060546875,\n              46.057985244793024\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.12060546875,\n              44.040218713142146\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              44.040218713142146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7edd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fallon, James D. jfallon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"James","email":"jfallon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrin, Randy","contributorId":100688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrin","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54614,"text":"wdrKS001 - 2001 - Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:51","indexId":"wdrKS001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-00-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 2000","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2000 water year for Kansas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; elevation and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report contains records for water discharge at 144 complete-record gaging stations; elevation and contents at 19 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records at 2 precipitation stations, water-level data at 18 observation wells; and records of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity at 8 gaging stations. Also included are discharge data for 26 high-flow partial-record stations, and miscellaneous onsite water-quality data collected at 134 stations, and suspended-sediment concentration for 12 stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Information System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with local, State, and Federal agencies in Kansas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS001","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J., Lacock, D., Schneider, D., and Carlson, M., 2001, Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-00-1, 505 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS001.","productDescription":"505 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/abstracts/data.rpt00.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb81e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, J.E.","contributorId":54634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacock, D.L.","contributorId":20003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacock","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, D.R.","contributorId":67579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, M.D.","contributorId":66288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30011,"text":"wri004033 - 2001 - Delineation of tidal scour through marine geophysical techniques at Sloop Channel and Goose Creek bridges, Jones Beach State Park, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:45:18","indexId":"wri004033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4033","title":"Delineation of tidal scour through marine geophysical techniques at Sloop Channel and Goose Creek bridges, Jones Beach State Park, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Inspection of the Goose Creek Bridge in southeastern Nassau County in April 1998 by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) indicated a separation of bridge piers from the road bed as a result of pier instability due to apparent seabed scouring by tidal currents. This prompted a cooperative study by the U.S. Geological Survey with the NYSDOT to delineate the extent of tidal scour at this bridge and at the Sloop Channel Bridge, about 0.5 mile to the south, through several marine- geophysical techniques. These techniques included use of a narrow-beam, 200-kilohertz, research-grade fathometer, a global positioning system accurate to within 3 feet, a 3.5 to 7-kilohertz seismic-reflection profiler, and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The ADCP was used only at the Sloop Channel Bridge; the other techniques were used at both bridges.</p><p>Results indicate extensive tidal scour at both bridges. The fathometer data indicate two major scour holes nearly parallel to the Sloop Channel Bridge—one along the east side, and one along the west side (bridge is oriented north-south). The scour-hole depths are as much as 47 feet below sea level and average more than 40 feet below sea level; these scour holes also appear to have begun to connect beneath the bridge. The deepest scour is at the north end of the bridge beneath the westernmost piers. The east-west symmetry of scour at Sloop Channel Bridge suggests that flood and ebb tides produce extensive scour.</p><p>The thickness of sediment that has settled within scour holes could not be interpreted from fathometer data alone because fathometer frequencies cannot penetrate beneath the sea-floor surface. The lower frequencies used in seismic-reflection profiling can penetrate the sea floor and underlying sediments, and indicate the amount of infilling of scour holes, the extent of riprap under the bridge, and the assemblages of clay, sand, and silt beneath the sea floor. The seismic- reflection surveys detected 2 to 5 feet of sediment filling the scour holes at both bridges; this indicates that the fathometer surveys were undermeasuring the effective depth of bridge scour by 2 to 5 feet through their inability to penetrate the infilled sediment. Several clay layers with thicknesses of 3 to 5 feet were detected beneath the sea floor at both bridges. Most of the piers beneath Sloop Channel Bridge appear to be surrounded by riprap, but, in several areas the riprap appears to be slumping or sliding into adjacent scour holes. Similar slumping was indicated at the Goose Creek Bridge. Most of the sediment underlying the sea floor at both bridges is interpreted as a fine-grained, cross-bedded sand.</p><p>ADCP data from Sloop Channel indicate that the constricted flow beneath the bridge increases the horizontal current velocities from 2 to 6 feet per second. Total measured discharge beneath Sloop Channel Bridge was 41,800 cubic feet per second at flood tide and 27,600 cubic feet per second at ebb tide.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., and Reynolds, R.J., 2001, Delineation of tidal scour through marine geophysical techniques at Sloop Channel and Goose Creek bridges, Jones Beach State Park, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4033, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004033.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4033/wri20004033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4033"}],"contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695 <br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods of study</li><li>Delineation of tidal scour at Sloop Channel and Goose Creek Bridges</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab3e4b07f02db66f6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50380,"text":"ofr0117 - 2001 - Visualization of drifting buoy deployments on St. Clair River near public water intakes - October 3-5, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T19:16:38","indexId":"ofr0117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-17","title":"Visualization of drifting buoy deployments on St. Clair River near public water intakes - October 3-5, 2000","docAbstract":"St. Clair River is a connecting channel of the Great Lakes between Lake Huron and Lake St. Clair. The river forms part of the international boundary between the United States and Canada in the eastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan and southern Ontario. Drifting buoys were deployed to help investigate flow characteristics near public water intakes in ten reaches of St. Clair River from October 3-5, 2000. In eight deployments, buoys were released at uniform intervals in a transect across the river to better understand flow patterns. In the remaining six deployments, buoys were released in a cluster near the middle of the channel to study turbulent dispersion characteristics. The eight spherical and seven cylindrical buoys used in the study were equipped with drogues and had similar drift characteristics. Each buoy contained a geographical positioning system (GPS) to monitor its movement. Computer animations were developed that integrated these GPS data with data shown on navigational charts. These computer animations, which can be viewed through the Internet, provide a scientific visualization tool to study the deployments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/ofr0117","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., and Aichele, S., 2001, Visualization of drifting buoy deployments on St. Clair River near public water intakes - October 3-5, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-17, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0117.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01017","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50382,"text":"ofr0149 - 2001 - Water-Chemistry and On-Site Sulfur-Speciation Data for Selected Springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 1996-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T17:13:31","indexId":"ofr0149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-49","title":"Water-Chemistry and On-Site Sulfur-Speciation Data for Selected Springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 1996-1998","docAbstract":"Fifty-eight water analyses are reported for samples collected from 19 hot springs and their\r\noverflow drainages and one ambient-temperature acid stream in Yellowstone National Park (YNP)\r\nduring 1996-98. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research investigations\r\non microbially mediated sulfur oxidation in stream waters and sulfur redox speciation in hot springs\r\nin YNP and chemical changes in overflow drainages that affect major ions, redox species, and trace\r\nelements. The research on sulfur redox speciation in hot springs is a collaboration with the State\r\nUniversity of New York at Stony Brook, Northern Arizona University, and the U.S. Geological\r\nSurvey (USGS). One ambient-temperature acidic stream system, Alluvium Creek and its tributaries\r\nin Brimstone Basin, was studied in detail. Analyses were performed adjacent to the sampling site, in\r\nan on-site mobile laboratory truck, or later in a USGS laboratory, depending on stability and\r\npreservability of the constituent.\r\nWater temperature, specific conductance, pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen (D.O.), and dissolved\r\nH2S were determined on-site at the time of sampling. Alkalinity and F were determined within a few\r\ndays of sample collection by titration and by ion-selective electrode, respectively. Concentrations of\r\nS2O3 and SxO6 were determined as soon as possible (minutes to hours later) by ion chromatography\r\n(IC). Concentrations of Cl, SO4, and Br were determined by IC within a few days of sample\r\ncollection. Concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe(total) were determined by ultraviolet/visible\r\nspectrophotometry within a few days of sample collection. Densities were determined later in the\r\nUSGS laboratory. Concentrations of Li, Na, and K were determined by flame atomic absorption (Li)\r\nand emission (Na, K) spectrometry. Concentrations of Al, As(total), B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu,\r\nFe(total), Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, V, and Zn were determined by inductively-coupled plasma optical\r\nemission spectrometry. Trace concentrations of Cd, Se, As(total), Ni, and Pb were determined by\r\nZeeman-corrected graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry. Trace concentrations of\r\nAs(total) and As(III) were determined by hydride generation using a flow-injection analysis system.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0149","usgsCitation":"Ball, J.W., Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., Schoonen, M.A., and Xu, Y., 2001, Water-Chemistry and On-Site Sulfur-Speciation Data for Selected Springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 1996-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-49, iv, 42 p. : col. ill., maps (chiefly col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0149.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. : col. ill., maps (chiefly col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_chemtherm/pubs/ofr%2001-49.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eecbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, James W.","contributorId":38946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoonen, Martin A.A.","contributorId":6899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonen","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, Yong","contributorId":24013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":50384,"text":"ofr0182 - 2001 - MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model: User guide to the LMT6 package, the linkage with MT3DMS for multi-species mass transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T06:32:19","indexId":"ofr0182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-82","title":"MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model: User guide to the LMT6 package, the linkage with MT3DMS for multi-species mass transport modeling","docAbstract":"MODFLOW-2000, the newest version of MODFLOW, is a computer program that numerically solves the three-dimensional ground-water flow equation for a porous medium using a finite-difference method. MT3DMS, the successor to MT3D, is a computer program for modeling multi-species solute transport in three-dimensional ground-water systems using multiple solution techniques, including the finite-difference method, the method of characteristics (MOC), and the total-variation-diminishing (TVD) method. This report documents a new version of the Link-MT3DMS Package, which enables MODFLOW-2000 to produce the information needed by MT3DMS, and also discusses new visualization software for MT3DMS. Unlike the Link-MT3D Packages that coordinated previous versions of MODFLOW and MT3D, the new Link-MT3DMS Package requires an input file that, among other things, provides enhanced support for additional MODFLOW sink/source packages and allows list-directed (free) format for the flow model produced flow-transport link file. The report contains four parts: (a) documentation of the Link-MT3DMS Package Version 6 for MODFLOW-2000; (b) discussion of several issues related to simulation setup and input data preparation for running MT3DMS with MODFLOW-2000; (c) description of two test example problems, with comparison to results obtained using another MODFLOW-based transport program; and (d) overview of post-simulation visualization and animation using the U.S. Geological Survey?s Model Viewer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0182","usgsCitation":"Zheng, C., Hill, M.C., and Hsieh, P.A., 2001, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model: User guide to the LMT6 package, the linkage with MT3DMS for multi-species mass transport modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-82, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0182.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":49233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary Catherine","contributorId":53400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45040,"text":"wri014058 - 2001 - Structural controls on ground-water conditions and estimated aquifer properties near Bill Williams Mountain, Williams, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T07:39:31","indexId":"wri014058","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4058","title":"Structural controls on ground-water conditions and estimated aquifer properties near Bill Williams Mountain, Williams, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>As of 1999, surface water collected and stored in reservoirs is the sole source of municipal water for the city of Williams. \nDuring 1996 and 1999, reservoirs reached historically low levels. Understanding the ground-water flow system is critical to managing the ground-water resources in this part of the Coconino Plateau. The nearly 1,000-meter-deep regional aquifer in the Redwall and Muav Limestones, however, makes studying or utilizing the resource difficult.</p> \n<br>\n<p>Near-vertical faults and complex geologic structures control the ground-water flow system on the southwest side of the Kaibab Uplift near Williams, Arizona. To address the hydrogeologic complexities in the study area, a suite of techniques, which included aeromagnetic, gravity, square-array resistivity, and audiomagnetotelluric surveys, were applied as part of a regional study near Bill Williams Mountain. Existing well data and interpreted geophysical data were compiled and used to estimate depths to the water table and to prepare a potentiometric map. Geologic characteristics, such as secondary porosity, coefficient of anisotropy, and fracture-strike direction, were calculated at several sites to examine how these characteristics change with depth.</p> \n<br>\n<p>The 14-kilometer-wide, seismically active northwestward-trending Cataract Creek and the northeastward-trending Mesa Butte Fault systems intersect near Bill Williams Mountain. Several north-south-trending faults may provide additional block faulting north and west of Bill Williams Mountain. Because of the extensive block faulting and regional folding, the volcanic and sedimentary rocks are tilted toward one or more of these faults. These faults provide near-vertical flow paths to the regional water table. The nearly radial fractures allow water that reaches the regional aquifer to move away from the Bill Williams Mountain area.</p> \n<br>\n<p>Depth to the regional aquifer is highly variable and depends on location and local structures. On the basis of interpreted audiomagnetotelluric and square-array resistivity sounding curves and limited well data, depths to water may range from 450 to 1,300 meters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri014058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Williams","usgsCitation":"Pierce, H., 2001, Structural controls on ground-water conditions and estimated aquifer properties near Bill Williams Mountain, Williams, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4058, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014058.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288403,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4058/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universe Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Williams","otherGeospatial":"Bill Williams Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.5,35.0 ], [ -112.5,35.75 ], [ -112.0,35.75 ], [ -112.0,35.0 ], [ -112.5,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a38dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A.","contributorId":83093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45037,"text":"wri014034 - 2001 - Review and analysis of available streamflow and water-quality data for Park County, Colorado, 1962-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:58","indexId":"wri014034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4034","title":"Review and analysis of available streamflow and water-quality data for Park County, Colorado, 1962-98","docAbstract":"Information on streamflow and surface-water and ground-water quality in Park County, Colorado, was compiled from several Federal, State, and local agencies. The data were reviewed and analyzed to provide a perspective of recent (1962-98) water-resource conditions and to help identify current and future water-quantity and water-quality concerns. Streamflow has been monitored at more than 40 sites in the county, and data for some sites date back to the early 1900's. Existing data indicate a need for increased archival of streamflow data for future use and analysis. In 1998, streamflow was continuously monitored at about 30 sites, but data were stored in a data base for only 10 sites. Water-quality data were compiled for 125 surface-water sites, 398 wells, and 30 springs. The amount of data varied considerably among sites; however, the available information provided a general indication of where water-quality constituent concentrations met or exceeded water-quality standards. Park County is primarily drained by streams in the South Platte River Basin and to a lesser extent by streams in the Arkansas River Basin. In the South Platte River Basin in Park County, more than one-half the annual streamflow occurs in May, June, and July in response to snowmelt in the mountainous headwaters. The annual snowpack is comparatively less in the Arkansas River Basin in Park County, and mean monthly streamflow is more consistent throughout the year. In some streams, the timing and magnitude of streamflow have been altered by main-stem reservoirs or by interbasin water transfers. Most values of surface-water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were within recommended limits set by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Specific conductance (an indirect measure of the dissolved-solids concentration) generally was lowest in streams of the upper South Platte River Basin and higher in the southern one-half of the county in the Arkansas River Basin and in the South Platte River downstream from Antero Reservoir. Historical nitrogen concentrations in surface water were small. Nitrite was not detected, most un-ionized ammonia concentrations were less than 0.02 milligram per liter, and all nitrate concentrations were less than 1.2 milligrams per liter. Nitrate concentrations were higher in urban and built-up areas than in rangeland and forest areas. Most median concentrations of total phosphorus at individual sites were less than 0.05 milligram per liter, and concentrations were not significantly different among urban and built-up, rangeland, and forest areas. An upward trend in total phosphorus concentration was determined for flow from the East Portal of the Harold D. Roberts Tunnel, but the slope of the trend line was small and the concentrations were equal or nearly equal to the detection limit of 0.01 milligram per liter. Using median phosphorus loads for two South Platte River sites, the annual phosphorus load transported out of Park County in the South Platte River was calculated to be about 10,000 pounds. Median iron and manganese concentrations for most areas of Park County were less than in-stream water-quality standards, even though several individual concentrations were one to two orders of magnitude larger than the standards. The largest concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc were from the upper North Fork South Platte River Basin or the Mosquito Creek Basin. All ground-water concentrations of chloride and most ground-water concentrations of sulfate were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking-water standard of 250 milligrams per liter. Median dissolved-solids concentrations in ground water ranged from 160 milligrams per liter in the crystalline-rock aquifers to 257 milligrams per liter in the sedimentary-rock aquifers. Dissolved-solids concentrations greater than the USEPA drinking-water standard of 500 milligrams per liter were detected in abo","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014034","usgsCitation":"Kimbrough, R.A., 2001, Review and analysis of available streamflow and water-quality data for Park County, Colorado, 1962-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4034, v, 66 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014034.","productDescription":"v, 66 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3900,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014034","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrough, Robert A. rakimbro@usgs.gov","contributorId":1627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"Robert","email":"rakimbro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45031,"text":"wri014017 - 2001 - River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River basin, California and Nevada, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T08:18:56","indexId":"wri014017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4017","title":"River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River basin, California and Nevada, 1998","docAbstract":"The demand for all uses of water in the Truckee River Basin, California and Nevada, commonly is greater than can be supplied. Storage reservoirs in the system have a maximum effective total capacity equivalent to less than two years of average river flows, so longer-term droughts can result in substantial water-supply shortages for irrigation and municipal users and may stress fish and wildlife ecosystems. Title II of Public Law (P.L.) 101-618, the Truckee?Carson?Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settlement Act of 1990, provides a foundation for negotiating and developing operating criteria, known as the Truckee River Operating Agreement (TROA), to balance interstate and interbasin allocation of water rights among the many interests competing for water from the Truckee River. In addition to TROA, the Truckee River Water Quality Settlement Agreement (WQSA), signed in 1996, provides for acquisition of water rights to resolve water-quality problems during low flows along the Truckee River in Nevada. Efficient execution of many of the planning, management, or environmental assessment requirements of TROA and WQSA will require detailed water-resources data coupled with sound analytical tools. Analytical modeling tools constructed and evaluated with such data could help assess effects of alternative operational scenarios related to reservoir and river operations, water-rights transfers, and changes in irrigation practices. \r\n\r\nThe Truckee?Carson Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, to support U.S. Department of the Interior implementation of P.L. 101-618, is developing a modeling system to support efficient water-resources planning, management, and allocation. The daily operations model documented herein is a part of the modeling system that includes a database management program, a graphical user interface program, and a program with modules that simulate river/reservoir operations and a variety of hydrologic processes. The operations module is capable of simulating lake/ reservoir and river operations including diversion of Truckee River water to the Truckee Canal for transport to the Carson River Basin. In addition to the operations and streamflow-routing modules, the modeling system is structured to allow integration of other modules, such as water-quality and precipitation-runoff modules.\r\n\r\nThe USGS Truckee River Basin operations model was designed to provide simulations that allow comparison of the effects of alternative management practices or allocations on streamflow or reservoir storages in the Truckee River Basin over long periods of time. Because the model was not intended to reproduce historical streamflow or reservoir storage values, a traditional calibration that includes statistical comparisons of observed and simulated values would be problematic with this model and database.\r\n\r\nThis report describes a chronology and background of decrees, agreements, and laws that affect Truckee River operational practices; the construction of the Truckee River daily operations model; the simulation of Truckee River Basin operations, both current and proposed under the draft TROA and WQSA; and suggested model improvements and limitations. The daily operations model uses Hydrological Simulation Program?FORTRAN (HSPF) to simulate flow-routing and reservoir and river operations. The operations model simulates reservoir and river operations that govern streamflow in the Truckee River from Lake Tahoe to Pyramid Lake, including diversions through the Truckee Canal to Lahontan Reservoir in the Carson River Basin. A general overview is provided of daily operations and their simulation. Supplemental information that documents the extremely complex operating rules simulated by the model is available.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014017","usgsCitation":"Berris, S.N., Hess, G.W., and Bohman, L.R., 2001, River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River basin, California and Nevada, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4017, -, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014017.","productDescription":"-","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3895,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":344226,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014017/book/plate01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":344225,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014017/book/wri014017.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db60002a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berris, Steven N. snberris@usgs.gov","contributorId":1736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berris","given":"Steven","email":"snberris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Glen W.","contributorId":19136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohman, Larry R. lrbohman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohman","given":"Larry","email":"lrbohman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45029,"text":"wri014207 - 2001 - Estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins of North Carolina— Revised","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T21:19:54.667924","indexId":"wri014207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4207","title":"Estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins of North Carolina— Revised","docAbstract":"<p>A statewide study was conducted to develop two methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural ungaged basins in North Carolina. Flood-frequency estimates for gaged sites in North Carolina were computed by fitting the annual peak flows for each site to a log-Pearson Type III distribution. As part of the computation of flood-frequency estimates for gaged sites, new values for generalized skew coefficients were developed. Basin characteristics for these gaged sites were computed by using a geographic information system and automated computer algorithms. Flood-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for 317 gaged sites were combined to form the data base that was used for this analysis.</p><p>Regional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations that can be used to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence interval discharges for rural ungaged basins in the Blue Ridge-Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Sand Hills hydrologic areas. The predictive equations are all functions of drainage area. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 36 to 65 percent.</p><p>A region-of-influence method also was developed that interactively estimates recurrence interval discharges for rural ungaged basins in the Blue Ridge-Piedmont and Coastal Plain hydrologic areas of North Carolina. Regression techniques are used to develop a unique relation between flood discharge and basin characteristics for a subset of gaged sites with similar basin characteristics. This, then, can be used to estimate flood discharges at ungaged sites. Because the computations required for this method are somewhat complex, a computer application was developed that performs the computations and compares the predictive errors for this method. The computer application also includes the option of using the regression equations to compute estimated flood discharges and errors of prediction specific to each ungaged site.</p><p>Root mean square errors, computed for each recurrence interval and hydrologic area, are generally only slightly lower for the region-of-influence method than for the regression equations and do not provide sufficient basis for recommending one method over the other. In addition, the region-of-influence method is a new method that is still being improved. As a result, the regional regression equations are considered to be the primary method for computing flood-frequency estimates at ungaged sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Pope, B.F., Tasker, G.D., and Robbins, J.C., 2001, Estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins of North Carolina— Revised (Revises and supercedes WRI 99-4114): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4207, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014207.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44961.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":99365,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4207/wri20014207.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4207"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.718015,35.209377],[-75.684006,35.232913],[-75.664512,35.227514],[-75.630358,35.238487],[-75.599005,35.256253],[-75.596915,35.269491],[-75.581935,35.263917],[-75.535741,35.272856],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.487678,35.485056],[-75.487528,35.525889],[-75.47861,35.553069],[-75.48133,35.622896],[-75.487678,35.648287],[-75.507385,35.680564],[-75.515397,35.73038],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.522232,35.774178],[-75.496086,35.728515],[-75.458659,35.596597],[-75.471355,35.479615],[-75.486771,35.391652],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.533627,35.225825],[-75.560225,35.232048],[-75.610101,35.227514],[-75.769705,35.180359],[-75.944725,35.105091],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-76.013561,35.068832],[-75.99188,35.092395],[-75.989175,35.115165],[-75.98395,35.120042],[-75.9547,35.1196],[-75.893942,35.150433],[-75.801444,35.183079],[-75.785729,35.194244],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-75.675245,35.929024],[-75.65954,35.919564],[-75.662019,35.906522],[-75.64512,35.905788],[-75.62767,35.883149],[-75.616833,35.856331],[-75.619772,35.847606],[-75.614361,35.815659],[-75.620454,35.809253],[-75.63898,35.818639],[-75.667891,35.82354],[-75.675054,35.830204],[-75.660086,35.83861],[-75.663356,35.869835],[-75.67283,35.882423],[-75.681415,35.88398],[-75.697672,35.901639],[-75.696871,35.909556],[-75.702165,35.915428],[-75.723782,35.925569],[-75.727251,35.93362],[-75.718266,35.939714],[-75.705323,35.939403],[-75.675245,35.929024]]],[[[-76.12236,36.550621],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.818735,36.357579],[-75.773329,36.231529],[-75.71831,36.113674],[-75.658537,36.02043],[-75.569794,35.863301],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-75.543259,35.779691],[-75.573083,35.828867],[-75.588878,35.844926],[-75.619151,35.889415],[-75.620114,35.925288],[-75.648899,35.965758],[-75.668379,35.978394],[-75.678909,35.993925],[-75.723662,36.003139],[-75.727084,36.01051],[-75.722609,36.037362],[-75.737088,36.040784],[-75.74051,36.046839],[-75.73972,36.07527],[-75.75572,36.153922],[-75.783676,36.215949],[-75.811588,36.244014],[-75.808165,36.259545],[-75.814483,36.285344],[-75.822907,36.291662],[-75.837913,36.294558],[-75.845284,36.305614],[-75.841335,36.328517],[-75.831858,36.339047],[-75.831595,36.346418],[-75.836201,36.363135],[-75.85147,36.379456],[-75.85147,36.415785],[-75.864106,36.430527],[-75.888325,36.441583],[-75.899908,36.482124],[-75.907279,36.485809],[-75.924127,36.482124],[-75.935473,36.490601],[-75.972545,36.494671],[-76.003708,36.506235],[-76.023627,36.500778],[-76.031949,36.482496],[-76.012337,36.447462],[-75.98005,36.435464],[-75.962285,36.41724],[-75.940676,36.41885],[-75.928369,36.428588],[-75.923601,36.425788],[-75.916409,36.38901],[-75.923331,36.361863],[-75.895285,36.319615],[-75.882154,36.284674],[-75.864933,36.284674],[-75.86052,36.280607],[-75.867356,36.252483],[-75.864154,36.235522],[-75.858703,36.222628],[-75.848838,36.21657],[-75.838367,36.200129],[-75.839924,36.17711],[-75.823915,36.158332],[-75.822531,36.145957],[-75.800378,36.112728],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-75.836084,36.092616],[-75.867792,36.127262],[-75.863914,36.159226],[-75.882987,36.186807],[-75.910658,36.212157],[-75.922344,36.244122],[-75.94984,36.25787],[-75.96462,36.254433],[-75.957058,36.247903],[-75.945372,36.222468],[-75.956027,36.198065],[-75.936436,36.18088],[-75.904999,36.164188],[-75.939047,36.165518],[-76.016984,36.186367],[-76.029086,36.202036],[-76.043838,36.210126],[-76.054308,36.229162],[-76.08148,36.237935],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.188717,36.281242],[-76.171378,36.265806],[-76.149486,36.263902],[-76.115851,36.214219],[-76.080106,36.19944],[-76.05992,36.15514],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.092555,36.135794],[-76.178946,36.123424],[-76.206873,36.137521],[-76.254064,36.18419],[-76.273316,36.189062],[-76.27699,36.184952],[-76.247401,36.161823],[-76.228527,36.130647],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.216599,36.095409],[-76.265037,36.104886],[-76.329921,36.133396],[-76.373571,36.138208],[-76.3935,36.163251],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.454414,36.189901],[-76.456061,36.183577],[-76.375892,36.12042],[-76.346418,36.121023],[-76.334965,36.110903],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.303998,36.092776],[-76.323478,36.084879],[-76.355069,36.086458],[-76.410878,36.078034],[-76.420881,36.06066],[-76.451418,36.039073],[-76.459316,36.024331],[-76.491959,36.018013],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.547505,36.009852],[-76.580674,36.00722],[-76.60384,36.033018],[-76.615423,36.037757],[-76.653332,36.035124],[-76.676484,36.043612],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.719401,36.199441],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.744436,36.212725],[-76.7521,36.147328],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.679657,35.991951],[-76.70019,35.964573],[-76.692376,35.945342],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.528551,35.944039],[-76.473795,35.960888],[-76.460632,35.970365],[-76.398242,35.984317],[-76.38192,35.971681],[-76.381394,35.96273],[-76.362966,35.942197],[-76.340327,35.94325],[-76.317687,35.946935],[-76.272408,35.972734],[-76.213966,35.988002],[-76.176585,35.993267],[-76.093697,35.993001],[-76.083131,35.989845],[-76.062071,35.993004],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.014159,35.957202],[-76.01995,35.934036],[-76.014353,35.920746],[-76.063203,35.853433],[-76.050485,35.806689],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-76.036393,35.690344],[-76.046361,35.659067],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-76.029863,35.649443],[-76.013808,35.669103],[-75.9869,35.768194],[-75.987148,35.836967],[-75.97783,35.897181],[-75.962562,35.901393],[-75.94782,35.920347],[-75.927286,35.93193],[-75.92676,35.940354],[-75.943608,35.952464],[-75.947293,35.959835],[-75.899382,35.977209],[-75.84989,35.976156],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.800926,35.944566],[-75.782498,35.935615],[-75.778813,35.918241],[-75.751961,35.878227],[-75.748276,35.852428],[-75.734587,35.839266],[-75.727216,35.822703],[-75.726689,35.811361],[-75.739357,35.770994],[-75.724743,35.742892],[-75.71294,35.69849],[-75.713502,35.693993],[-75.741605,35.672073],[-75.742167,35.655212],[-75.729802,35.625985],[-75.747225,35.610248],[-75.778138,35.592262],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-75.837154,35.570904],[-75.859636,35.586641],[-75.895045,35.573152],[-75.916403,35.538305],[-75.950126,35.530998],[-75.964178,35.511326],[-75.963053,35.493903],[-75.987222,35.484348],[-75.995652,35.475355],[-75.997901,35.453435],[-76.009704,35.442194],[-76.01139,35.423084],[-76.020945,35.410719],[-76.025441,35.408471],[-76.050171,35.415778],[-76.059726,35.410157],[-76.063661,35.405099],[-76.059726,35.383741],[-76.069281,35.370813],[-76.132793,35.349455],[-76.14291,35.338776],[-76.14291,35.32866],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.182254,35.336528],[-76.20586,35.336528],[-76.235087,35.350017],[-76.253072,35.350017],[-76.257569,35.344397],[-76.265437,35.343273],[-76.282299,35.345521],[-76.304781,35.355638],[-76.327263,35.356762],[-76.335132,35.355638],[-76.340752,35.346645],[-76.349745,35.345521],[-76.382344,35.356762],[-76.399206,35.348893],[-76.408199,35.350017],[-76.431805,35.362383],[-76.436301,35.37812],[-76.448666,35.383741],[-76.462156,35.380368],[-76.472273,35.371375],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.540292,35.410657],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.456427,35.550546],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.48358,35.538172],[-76.55679,35.528892],[-76.600441,35.538516],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.601472,35.460838],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-76.606041,35.387113],[-76.710083,35.427155],[-76.759234,35.418906],[-76.830897,35.447949],[-76.942022,35.473529],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-77.026638,35.490569],[-76.967214,35.438296],[-76.891938,35.433649],[-76.664027,35.345696],[-76.500375,35.321915],[-76.482389,35.314046],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.467776,35.261213],[-76.477893,35.243228],[-76.490258,35.233111],[-76.494755,35.212877],[-76.521733,35.192643],[-76.536346,35.174657],[-76.539719,35.166788],[-76.536346,35.142058],[-76.546463,35.122948],[-76.557704,35.116204],[-76.568945,35.097094],[-76.60042,35.067867],[-76.631895,35.056626],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.989778,35.045484],[-76.977404,35.004926],[-76.89354,34.957495],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.635072,34.989116],[-76.588055,34.991428],[-76.566697,34.998173],[-76.502623,35.007166],[-76.491382,35.017283],[-76.490258,35.034144],[-76.474521,35.070116],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.435762,35.057941],[-76.425461,35.001464],[-76.395625,34.975179],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.326361,34.976245],[-76.329557,34.986901],[-76.364367,35.034853],[-76.318546,35.020645],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.296524,34.976245],[-76.275567,34.960971],[-76.277698,34.940014],[-76.347673,34.872171],[-76.368274,34.872881],[-76.379641,34.86258],[-76.400242,34.855476],[-76.463016,34.785076],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.586236,34.698805],[-76.582421,34.767757],[-76.604796,34.787482],[-76.620606,34.784389],[-76.616567,34.714059],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.673537,34.70757],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.383827,34.807906],[-76.322808,34.86116],[-76.233672,34.925926],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.069906,35.075701],[-76.043621,35.070017],[-76.035933,35.058987],[-76.137269,34.987858],[-76.233088,34.905477],[-76.31021,34.852309],[-76.386804,34.784579],[-76.494068,34.66197],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-76.555196,34.615993],[-76.549343,34.645585],[-76.579467,34.660174],[-76.642939,34.677618],[-76.676312,34.693151],[-76.770044,34.696899],[-76.817453,34.693722],[-76.990262,34.669623],[-77.136843,34.632926],[-77.209161,34.605032],[-77.322524,34.535574],[-77.462922,34.471354],[-77.556943,34.417218],[-77.661673,34.341868],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.829209,34.162618],[-77.878161,34.067963],[-77.915536,33.971723],[-77.946568,33.912261],[-77.960172,33.853315],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.009973,33.861406],[-78.018689,33.888289],[-78.095429,33.906031],[-78.17772,33.914272],[-78.276147,33.912364],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.509042,33.865515],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.05042,35.131048],[-81.044391,35.147918],[-81.239358,35.159974],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.314863,35.191089],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.36899,35.181747],[-82.379712,35.186884],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.390439,35.215395],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.417597,35.200131],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.448969,35.165037],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-83.620185,34.992091],[-83.619985,34.986592],[-84.321869,34.988408],[-84.29024,35.225572],[-84.28322,35.226577],[-84.223718,35.269078],[-84.211818,35.266078],[-84.202879,35.255772],[-84.200117,35.244679],[-84.188417,35.239979],[-84.170416,35.245779],[-84.12889,35.243679],[-84.12115,35.250644],[-84.097508,35.247382],[-84.081117,35.261146],[-84.052612,35.269982],[-84.02141,35.301383],[-84.02651,35.309283],[-84.03501,35.311983],[-84.029377,35.333197],[-84.038081,35.348363],[-84.024756,35.353896],[-84.007586,35.371661],[-84.008207,35.389683],[-84.021782,35.407418],[-84.00225,35.422548],[-83.992568,35.438065],[-83.973057,35.448921],[-83.971439,35.455145],[-83.966656,35.454941],[-83.961054,35.462838],[-83.949389,35.461164],[-83.937015,35.471511],[-83.911773,35.476028],[-83.905612,35.48906],[-83.880074,35.518745],[-83.859261,35.521851],[-83.848502,35.519259],[-83.827428,35.524653],[-83.802434,35.541588],[-83.780129,35.550387],[-83.771736,35.562118],[-83.749894,35.561146],[-83.735669,35.565455],[-83.723459,35.561874],[-83.707199,35.568533],[-83.676268,35.570289],[-83.640498,35.566075],[-83.608889,35.579451],[-83.582,35.562684],[-83.56609,35.565993],[-83.498335,35.562981],[-83.485527,35.568204],[-83.479317,35.582764],[-83.455722,35.598045],[-83.445802,35.611803],[-83.421576,35.611186],[-83.396626,35.62272],[-83.388602,35.632352],[-83.366941,35.638728],[-83.35156,35.659858],[-83.334965,35.665471],[-83.321101,35.662815],[-83.312757,35.654809],[-83.297154,35.65775],[-83.290682,35.672638],[-83.258117,35.691924],[-83.255489,35.714974],[-83.251247,35.719916],[-83.240669,35.72676],[-83.214501,35.724434],[-83.18837,35.729798],[-83.159208,35.764892],[-83.120183,35.766234],[-83.07403,35.790016],[-83.036209,35.787405],[-83.001473,35.773752],[-82.992053,35.773948],[-82.964088,35.78998],[-82.961724,35.800491],[-82.945515,35.824662],[-82.920171,35.841664],[-82.918312,35.863977],[-82.901301,35.872593],[-82.901843,35.890274],[-82.911936,35.921618],[-82.901577,35.931446],[-82.898506,35.9451],[-82.874159,35.952698],[-82.860724,35.94743],[-82.852554,35.949089],[-82.826045,35.929721],[-82.82257,35.922531],[-82.804997,35.927168],[-82.805771,35.935316],[-82.800431,35.944155],[-82.787465,35.952163],[-82.785356,35.96253],[-82.774905,35.971978],[-82.785558,35.977795],[-82.785267,35.987927],[-82.776001,36.000103],[-82.750065,36.006004],[-82.688865,36.038604],[-82.684765,36.045004],[-82.637165,36.065805],[-82.618664,36.056105],[-82.618164,36.047005],[-82.609663,36.044906],[-82.596177,36.03188],[-82.595525,36.026012],[-82.614362,36.003506],[-82.613028,35.994],[-82.604239,35.987319],[-82.610889,35.967409],[-82.581003,35.965557],[-82.576678,35.959255],[-82.557874,35.953901],[-82.549682,35.964275],[-82.507068,35.977475],[-82.483498,35.996284],[-82.460658,36.007809],[-82.409458,36.083409],[-82.355157,36.115609],[-82.336756,36.114909],[-82.321448,36.119551],[-82.289455,36.13571],[-82.270954,36.12761],[-82.260353,36.13371],[-82.247521,36.130865],[-82.213852,36.159112],[-82.182549,36.143714],[-82.147948,36.149516],[-82.136547,36.128817],[-82.137974,36.119576],[-82.127146,36.104417],[-82.105444,36.108119],[-82.080303,36.105728],[-82.061342,36.113121],[-82.054142,36.126821],[-82.033141,36.120422],[-81.908137,36.302013],[-81.879382,36.313767],[-81.857333,36.334787],[-81.841268,36.343321],[-81.800812,36.358073],[-81.766102,36.338517],[-81.730976,36.341187],[-81.707438,36.335171],[-81.707785,36.346007],[-81.721334,36.353101],[-81.732865,36.376502],[-81.729813,36.388033],[-81.737952,36.39719],[-81.739648,36.406686],[-81.720734,36.422537],[-81.715229,36.436532],[-81.71489,36.45722],[-81.695311,36.467912],[-81.697829,36.507544],[-81.707573,36.526101],[-81.707963,36.536209],[-81.699962,36.536829],[-81.69003,36.552154],[-81.690236,36.568718],[-81.677036,36.570718],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-80.837954,36.559131],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-76.916989,36.550742],[-76.12236,36.550621]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Revises and supercedes WRI 99-4114","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Preface</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Basin characteristics</li><li>Estimation of flood magnitude and frequency at gaged sites</li><li>Estimation of Flood magnitude and frequency at ungated sites</li><li>Application of methods</li><li>Summary</li><li>References</li><li>Appendix</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Benjamin F.","contributorId":12445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45024,"text":"wri014182 - 2001 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system, Seminole County and vicinity, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:00","indexId":"wri014182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4182","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system, Seminole County and vicinity, Florida","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology and ground-water quality of Seminole County in east-central Florida was evaluated. A ground-water flow model was developed to simulate the effects of both present day (September 1996 through August 1997) and projected 2020 ground-water withdrawals on the water levels in the surficial aquifer system and the potentiometric surface of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Seminole County and vicinity. \r\n\r\nThe Floridan aquifer system is the major source of ground water in the study area. In 1965, ground-water withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system in Seminole County were about 11 million gallons per day. In 1995, withdrawals totaled about 69 million gallons per day. Of the total ground water used in 1995, 74 percent was for public supply, 12 percent for domestic self-supplied, 10 percent for agriculture self-supplied, and 4 percent for recreational irrigation. \r\n\r\nThe principal water-bearing units in Seminole County are the surficial aquifer system and the Floridan aquifer system. The two aquifer systems are separated by the intermediate confining unit, which contains beds of lower permeability sediments that confine the water in the Floridan aquifer system. The Floridan aquifer system has two major water-bearing zones (the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Lower Floridan aquifer), which are separated by a less-permeable semiconfining unit. \r\n\r\nUpper Floridan aquifer water levels and spring flows have been affected by ground-water development. Long-term hydrographs of four wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer show a general downward trend from the early 1950's until 1990. The declines in water levels are caused predominantly by increased pumpage and below average annual rainfall. From 1991 to 1998, water levels rose slightly, a trend that can be explained by an increase in average annual rainfall. Long-term declines in the potentiometric surface varied throughout the area, ranging from about 3 to 12 feet. Decreases in spring discharge also have been observed in a few springs with long-term record. \r\n\r\nChloride concentrations in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer in Seminole County range areally from 6.2 to 5,300 milligrams per liter. Chloride concentrations are lowest in the recharge areas of the Floridan aquifer system in the western part of Seminole County and near Geneva. The most highly mineralized water occurs adjacent to the Wekiva River in northwestern Seminole County, around the eastern part of Lake Jesup, and along the St. Johns River in eastern Seminole County. Analysis of limited long-term water-quality data indicates that the chloride concentrations in water for most wells in the Floridan aquifer system in Seminole County have not changed significantly in the 20-year period from 1976 to 1996, and probably not since the mid 1950's. Analysis of water samples collected from some Upper Floridan aquifer springs, however, indicates that the water has become more mineralized during recent years. Increases in specific conductance and concentrations of major cations and anions were observed at several of the springs within the study area where long-term water-quality data were available. Associated with these increases in the mineralization of spring water has been an increase in total nitrate-plus- nitrite as nitrogen concentration. \r\n\r\nA three-dimensional model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems. The steady-state ground-water flow model was calibrated to water-level data that was averaged over a 1-year period from September 1996 through August 1997. The calibrated flow model generally produced simulated water levels in reasonably close agreement with measured water levels. As a result, the calibrated model was used to simulate the effects of expected increases in ground-water withdrawals on the water levels in the surficial aquifer system and on the potentiometric surface of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Seminole County. \r\n\r\nThe ca","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014182","usgsCitation":"Spechler, R.M., and Halford, K.J., 2001, Hydrogeology, water quality, and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system, Seminole County and vicinity, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4182, vi, 116 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014182.","productDescription":"vi, 116 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wrir014182","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45020,"text":"wri014164 - 2001 - Freshwater flow from estuarine creeks into northeastern Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:56","indexId":"wri014164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4164","title":"Freshwater flow from estuarine creeks into northeastern Florida Bay","docAbstract":"Water-level, water-velocity, salinity, and temperature data were collected from selected estuarine creeks to compute freshwater flow into northeastern Florida Bay. Calibrated equations for determining mean velocity from acoustic velocity were obtained by developing velocity relations based on direct acoustic measurements, acoustic line velocity, and water level. Three formulas were necessary to describe flow patterns for all monitoring sites, with R2 (coefficient of determination) values ranging from 0.957 to 0.995. Cross-sectional area calculations were limited to the main channel of the creeks and did not include potential areas of overbank flow. Techniques also were used to estimate discharge at noninstrumented sites by establishing discharge relations to nearby instrumented sites. \r\n\r\nResults of the relation between flows at instrumented and noninstrumented sites varied with R2 values ranging from 0.865 to 0.99. West Highway Creek was used to estimate noninstrumented sites in Long Sound, and Mud Creek was used to estimate East Creek in Little Madeira Bay. Mean monthly flows were used to describe flow patterns and to calculate net flow along the northeastern coastline. Data used in the study were collected from October 1995 through September 1999, which includes the El Nino event of 1998. During this period, about 80 percent of the freshwater flowing into the bay occurred during the wet season (May-October). The mean freshwater discharge for all five instrumented sites during the wet season from 1996 to 1999 is 106 cubic feet per second. The El Nino event caused a substantial increase (654 percent) in mean flows during the dry season (November-April) at the instrumented sites, ranging from 8.5 cubic feet per second in 1996-97 to 55.6 cubic feet per second in 1997-98. \r\n\r\nThree main flow signatures were identified when comparing flows at all monitoring stations. The most significant was the magnitude of discharges at Trout Creek, which carries about 50 percent of the total measured freshwater entering northeastern Florida Bay. The mean monthly wet-season (May-October) flow at Trout Creek is about 340 cubic feet per second, compared to 55 cubic feet per second at West Highway Creek, 52 cubic feet per second at Taylor River, 49 cubic feet per second at Mud Creek, and 33 cubic feet per second at McCormick Creek. The other two flow signatures are the decline of freshwater discharge at McCormick Creek at the start of the El Nino event, and the absence of net-negative flows at West Highway Creek. The observed flow distribution within the study area, suggests that the overall flow direction of freshwater in the Everglades wetlands in the lower part of Taylor Slough may have a strong eastward flow component as water approaches the coastline. Data analysis also indicates that Trout Creek could potentially be used as a long-term monitoring station to estimate total freshwater flow into northeastern Florida Bay, provided that the remaining questions regarding flow patterns at McCormick Creek and the creeks in Long Sound are answered and that no major changes in flow characteristics occur in the future.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014164","usgsCitation":"Hittle, C., Patino, E., and Zucker, M., 2001, Freshwater flow from estuarine creeks into northeastern Florida Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4164, iv, 32 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014164.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3885,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":99362,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4164/report.pdf","size":"11200","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4164/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hittle, Clinton","contributorId":92733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Clinton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zucker, Mark A.","contributorId":74054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zucker","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53326,"text":"wdrCA002 - 2001 - Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"wdrCA002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-00-2","title":"Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2000 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 2 contains discharge records for 121 gaging stations, gage-height records for 10 stations, stage and contents for 6 lakes and reservoirs, and water quality for 34 stations. Also included are data for 1 low-flow partial-record station, and 32 miscellaneous-measurement stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA002","usgsCitation":"Webster, M., Anderson, S., Friebel, M., Freeman, L., and Smithson, J., 2001, Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-00-2, 388 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA002.","productDescription":"388 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5033,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDR-CA-00-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, M.D.","contributorId":68385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.W.","contributorId":25628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friebel, M.F.","contributorId":23207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friebel","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, L.A.","contributorId":86374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smithson, J.R.","contributorId":41073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":50372,"text":"ofr00504 - 2000 - Simulation of ground water flow in the Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall Aquifers, Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-21T17:22:07.762133","indexId":"ofr00504","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-02T11:05:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-504","displayTitle":"Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall Aquifers, Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","title":"Simulation of ground water flow in the Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall Aquifers, Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>A steady-state finite difference model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in four regional aquifers in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. The Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall aquifers were simulated as layers 1 through 4, respectively, in the model. Separately calculated vertical conductances input to the model were used to simulate the intervening Till/“Red Beds”, Saginaw, and Michigan confining units, respectively. The model domain was laterally bound by a continuous specifiedhead boundary, formed from Lakes Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, together with the St. Clair and Detroit River connecting channels.</p><p>The model was developed to quantify regional ground-water flow in the aquifer systems using independently determined recharge estimates. The flow model showed that groundwater heads and flows in the Glaciofluvial aquifer are controlled by local stream stages and discharges, resulting in localized flow cells accounting for 95-percent of the overall model water budget. Simulation of recharge to an unspecified water table also enabled the estimation of ground-water discharge to three Great Lakes.</p><p>A computer diskette contains all MODFLOW and MODFLOWP input files, as well as digital model surfaces and several Fortran processing routines used to construct the surfaces. The diskette also provides the data used for calibration and sensitivity analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00504","usgsCitation":"Hoaglund, J.R., Huffman, G., and Granneman, N., 2000, Simulation of ground water flow in the Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall Aquifers, Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-504, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00504.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0504/ofr00504.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-504"},{"id":176862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0504/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall Aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.3525390625,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              44.11914151643737\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3525390625,\n              44.11914151643737\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3525390625,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoaglund, John Robert III","contributorId":13685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoaglund","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, G.C.","contributorId":44150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granneman, N.J.","contributorId":32978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granneman","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038037,"text":"70038037 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T14:41:37.42066","indexId":"70038037","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an impartial scientific organization that strives to produce scientific results that are relevant to the people of the United States and their land and resource managers. USGS does not improve the quality of its customers' lives; it provides the informational tools for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and other customers to understand and improve their own lives.</p><p>In cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, the USGS conducts research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, stream flows, biota, and other data sets are available to American Indian and Alaska Native institutions. The USGS recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the USGS conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal Fiscal Year 2000. Some of these USGS activities were conducted in concert with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Others were conducted by Tribes and the USGS.</p><p>In the year 2000, the USGS began examining its activities related to American Indians and Native Alaskans to determine how it can better serve these customers within its mandates. More Tribal governments, educational institutions, and other Tribal organizations are using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. As Tribes become more interested and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking such data from the USGS with greater frequency. The increasing use of such technologies allows Tribal governments additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. The USGS recognizes the need to make its information available to Tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities.</p><p>The USGS is responding to this need by increasing the transfer of scientific information to American Indian and Alaska Native governments and by training employees of these governments to conduct and improve scientific studies. The USGS is also encouraging American Indians and Alaska Natives to pursue careers in science, and seeking ways to hire Indian and Native students. By identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the USGS is working to make hiring such students easier, and therefore more likely, for USGS managers.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey is the Federal science bureau within the Department of the Interior (DoI). The USGS is non-regulatory and is not a significant manager of Federal or Trust lands or assets. However, there are two types of USGS activities that do involve American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their lands. The first type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing USGS programs, that involve collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. These projects have a duration of two or three years, although a few are parts of longer-term activities. Some are funded through cooperative agreements or reimbursable accounts, from monies provided to the USGS by individual Tribal governments or by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The USGS provides matching funds for cooperative projects. These formal projects may also receive funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Indian Health Service (part of the Department of Health and Human Services), or other Federal agencies. The USGS routinely works with its sister bureaus in the Department of the Interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the Department's science priorities. Within this context, the USGS and the Bureau of Indian Affairs are cooperating to use USGS knowledge for the benefit of American Indian and Native peoples and their lands.</p><p>The second type of USGS activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by USGS employees. Frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from an individual or group of USGS employees identifying and responding to an observed need. In these activities, USGS employees help us fulfill a mission of the USGS, to make science relevant, while helping their fellow citizens. USGS employees have also taken the initiative to assist American Indians and Alaska Natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster knowledge of science among Native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. One such group is the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES). This group sponsors an annual national meeting in which USGS employees participate. USGS employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, paying the costs themselves, yet bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the USGS, as many employees do with other professional organizations.</p><p>Each part of the USGS has identified an American Indian/Alaska Native liaison. As USGS moves to a more regional organizational structure, it will establish contacts in the Western, Central, and Eastern Regions. Within the USGS, this report will help in developing outreach, educational, and program documents for use in future years. It is hoped that USGS employees, American Indians, and Alaska Natives will adapt these activities in new areas and will use the USGS contacts to expand the relevance of the USGS to more Americans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038037","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000, xi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038037.","productDescription":"xi, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba52e4b08c986b3280e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182118,"text":"70182118 - 2000 - Measurement of 1999 drought conditions in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:55:15","indexId":"70182118","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of 1999 drought conditions in Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate and reliable water-resources data collected during drought conditions are critical to regulatory agencies such as the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). Droughts have affected Mississippi during 1940-44, 1951-57, 1962-71, 1980-82 and 1983-88. In late summer and early autumn 1999, many areas of Mississippi experienced near record drought conditions causing concern to many private and public interests. Personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the MDEQ Office of Land and Water Resources (MDEQ-OLWR) measured water levels and streamflows throughout the State of Mississippi during drought conditions in August through October 1999. Droughts are normal, recurring hydrological events caused by deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time that can have adverse effects on anthropogenic use of water. Much of the State of Mississippi has continued to experience drought conditions through late winter of 2000. Data on minimum streamflows are an important factor for determining the regulation of flow control structures, effluent discharge, and surface water withdrawals and other water-management decisions during droughts. Data on minimum streamflows become paramount during drought conditions. This report presents information related to the legal aspects of drought conditions and includes selected data collected at streamgages affected by severe drought conditions in Mississippi during the late summer and early autumn of 1999. Comparisons of low-flow characteristics at selected streamgages to other period-of-record low-flows at selected gages in the State are also presented.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the thirtieth Mississippi Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"30th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"April 18-19, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Raymond, MS","language":"English","publisher":"Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute, Mississippi State University","doi":"10.13140/2.1.3215.4246","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, D.P., and Long, L.G., 2000, Measurement of 1999 drought conditions in Mississippi, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the thirtieth Mississippi Water Resources Conference, Raymond, MS, April 18-19, 2000, https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3215.4246.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83de4b025c4642862f0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ballweber, Jeffery A.","contributorId":181569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballweber","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730127,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Loyd G.","contributorId":181820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039470,"text":"70039470 - 2000 - Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"70039470","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:00:17","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":379,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2000","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine lake levels and to provide discharge for floods, low-flow conditions, and for water-quality investigations. Requests for streamflow data and information relating to streamflow in Wisconsin are answered. Basic data are published annually in the report \"Water Resources Data-Wisconsin\".","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70039470","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2000, Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2000: Report, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039470.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261600,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039470/report.pdf"},{"id":261601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039470/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd174e4b08c986b32f43e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","contributorId":127977,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","id":535316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79803,"text":"ofr2000491 - 2000 - Statistical Approaches to Interpretation of Local, Regional, and National Highway-Runoff and Urban-Stormwater Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr2000491","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-491","title":"Statistical Approaches to Interpretation of Local, Regional, and National Highway-Runoff and Urban-Stormwater Data","docAbstract":"Decision makers need viable methods for the interpretation of local, regional, and national-highway runoff and urban-stormwater data including flows, concentrations and loads of chemical constituents and sediment, potential effects on receiving waters, and the potential effectiveness of various best management practices (BMPs). Valid (useful for intended purposes), current, and technically defensible stormwater-runoff models are needed to interpret data collected in field studies, to support existing highway and urban-runoffplanning processes, to meet National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements, and to provide methods for computation of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) systematically and economically.\r\n\r\nHistorically, conceptual, simulation, empirical, and statistical models of varying levels of detail, complexity, and uncertainty have been used to meet various data-quality objectives in the decision-making processes necessary for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of highways and for other land-use applications. Water-quality simulation models attempt a detailed representation of the physical processes and mechanisms at a given site. Empirical and statistical regional water-quality assessment models provide a more general picture of water quality or changes in water quality over a region. All these modeling techniques share one common aspect-their predictive ability is poor without suitable site-specific data for calibration.\r\n\r\nTo properly apply the correct model, one must understand the classification of variables, the unique characteristics of water-resources data, and the concept of population structure and analysis. Classifying variables being used to analyze data may determine which statistical methods are appropriate for data analysis. An understanding of the characteristics of water-resources data is necessary to evaluate the applicability of different statistical methods, to interpret the results of these techniques, and to use tools and techniques that account for the unique nature of water-resources data sets. Populations of data on stormwater-runoff quantity and quality are often best modeled as logarithmic transformations. Therefore, these factors need to be considered to form valid, current, and technically defensible stormwater-runoff models.\r\n\r\nRegression analysis is an accepted method for interpretation of water-resources data and for prediction of current or future conditions at sites that fit the input data model. Regression analysis is designed to provide an estimate of the average response of a system as it relates to variation in one or more known variables. To produce valid models, however, regression analysis should include visual analysis of scatterplots, an examination of the regression equation, evaluation of the method design assumptions, and regression diagnostics. A number of statistical techniques are described in the text and in the appendixes to provide information necessary to interpret data by use of appropriate methods.\r\n\r\nUncertainty is an important part of any decisionmaking process. In order to deal with uncertainty problems, the analyst needs to know the severity of the statistical uncertainty of the methods used to predict water quality. Statistical models need to be based on information that is meaningful, representative, complete, precise, accurate, and comparable to be deemed valid, up to date, and technically supportable. To assess uncertainty in the analytical tools, the modeling methods, and the underlying data set, all of these components need be documented and communicated in an accessible format within project publications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000491","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., and Granato, G., 2000, Statistical Approaches to Interpretation of Local, Regional, and National Highway-Runoff and Urban-Stormwater Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-491, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000491.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-491/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30120,"text":"wri004146 - 2000 - Ground-water quality and vulnerability to contamination in selected agricultural areas of southeastern Michigan, northwestern Ohio, and northeastern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T12:11:50","indexId":"wri004146","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000–4146","displayTitle":"Ground-Water Quality and Vulnerability to Contamination in Selected Agricultural Areas of Southeastern Michigan, Northwestern Ohio, and Northeastern Indiana","title":"Ground-water quality and vulnerability to contamination in selected agricultural areas of southeastern Michigan, northwestern Ohio, and northeastern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water quality was assessed in the northeastern part of the Corn Belt, where tile-drained row crops are underlain by fractured glacial till. Data were collected from 30 shallow monitor wells and 18 co-located domestic wells as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water- Quality Assessment in the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin.</p><p>Pesticides or pesticide degradates were detected in 41 percent of the monitor wells and 6 percent of the domestic wells. The pesticides detected closely correspond to those most heavily applied—herbicides used on corn and soybeans. Pesticide degradates were detected three times more frequently, and at higher concentrations, than were parent compounds. No pesticide concentration exceeded a USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), but MCL’s have not been established for 9 of the 11 compounds detected.</p><p>Thirty-seven percent of monitor-well samples had nitrate concentrations indicative of human influences such as fertilizer, manure or septic systems. Nitrate was the only chemical constituent detected at a concentration greater than an MCL. The MCL was exceeded in 7 percent of samples from monitor wells which were too shallow to be used as a source of drinking water.</p><p>Pesticide and nitrate concentrations in the study area are low relative to other agricultural areas of the Nation. Several authors have suggested that ground water in parts of the Upper Midwest is minimally contaminated because it is protected by the surficial glacial till or tile drains. These ideas are examined in light of the relations between concentration, well depth, and groundwater age in the study area.</p><p>Most of the shallow ground water is hydraulically connected to the land surface, based on the observations that 83 percent of waters from monitor wells were recharged after 1953, and 57 percent contained a pesticide or an elevated nitrate concentration. Fractures or sand-and-gravel stringers within the till are the probable pathways.</p><p>In some areas, deeper parts of the groundwater- flow system are also hydraulically connected to the land surface. Almost half the waters from wells 50 to 100 feet deep were recharged after 1953. Anthropogenic constituents were detected in samples from three domestic wells 60 to 121 feet deep, in areas where the till is relatively coarse-grained.</p><p>The hydrogeologic system has several geochemical characteristics conducive to transformations or sorption of nitrate or pesticides: (1) the till is clay-rich, has a high organic-carbon content, and contains an abundance of pyrite-rich shale fragments, (2) the ground water has low dissolved- oxygen concentrations, and (3) iron and manganese oxides and oxyhyroxides line the faces of fractures in the unsaturated zone.</p><p>Although the aquifer system appears be protected from contamination in some areas, the fact that the surficial till is heterogeneous and of variable thickness suggests that the protection is not uniform. The protection can be breached by fractures or sand-and-gravel stringers, which are apparent in core samples but not noted on domestic-well logs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004146","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., 2000, Ground-water quality and vulnerability to contamination in selected agricultural areas of southeastern Michigan, northwestern Ohio, and northeastern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000–4146, Report: iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004146.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2381,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4146/wri20004146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4146"},{"id":159475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4146/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.341796875,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.341796875,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.341796875,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Director, Ohio Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6460 Busch Blvd.<br>Columbus, OH 43229-1737</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Study design and methods</li><li>Description of study area</li><li>Ground-water quality</li><li>Vulnerability of ground water to contamination</li><li>Summary and conclusions</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Mary Ann mathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mary","email":"mathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29084,"text":"wri20004281 - 2000 - Water quality of lakes in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:48:08","indexId":"wri20004281","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4281","title":"Water quality of lakes in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 1999","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality samples were collected during July 1999 from selected lakes and bays, and the mouths of two rivers that flow into Voyageurs National Park in northern Minnesota. Results of laboratory analyses and field measurements of chemical and physical properties were compared to similar data collected during 1977-83. Water-quality data were evaluated for changes in specific conductance, alkalinity, nutrients, trace metals, bacteria, and trophic state. Specific conductance and alkalinity were similar to the 1977-83 period in much of the Park, but in some lakes and bays these properties may have been influenced by above normal runoff during summer 1999. Fecal-coliform bacteria colony counts were within guidelines for water-contact recreation. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations generally were lower throughout the Park and total phosphorus concentrations were lower in Kabetogama Lake and Black Bay relative to 1977-83. Concentrations of most trace metals were lower compared to 1977-83. Trophic state indices, based on chlorophyll a concentrations, indicated lower algal productivity throughout the Park. The largest changes in algal productivity, relative to 1977-83, were in Kabetogama Lake, Black Bay, and Sullivan Bay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004281","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Payne, G.A., 2000, Water quality of lakes in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4281, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004281.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1999-07-01","temporalEnd":"1999-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri20004281.JPG"},{"id":12241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-4281.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.15788269042969, 48.62519355056901 ], [ -93.15513610839844, 48.57524422229134 ], [ -93.14414978027344, 48.562976382535126 ], [ -93.1146240234375, 48.5493419587775 ], [ -93.11187744140625, 48.54616006450406 ], [ -93.11050415039062, 48.5152398224152 ], [ -93.14002990722656, 48.5152398224152 ], [ -93.14826965332031, 48.50978134908701 ], [ -93.14964294433594, 48.48111471624846 ], [ -93.09333801269531, 48.48202501720533 ], [ -93.09333801269531, 48.48930683675482 ], [ -93.08097839355469, 48.489761915762536 ], [ -93.07479858398438, 48.48794157522781 ], [ -93.07273864746094, 48.48430069812584 ], [ -93.0603790283203, 48.48521094190555 ], [ -93.05557250976562, 48.47974923418227 ], [ -93.06587219238281, 48.4765629664158 ], [ -93.07891845703125, 48.47428693834255 ], [ -93.08029174804688, 48.46609239183472 ], [ -93.05763244628906, 48.46427120178859 ], [ -93.05076599121094, 48.46290526636771 ], [ -93.05145263671875, 48.458807239544754 ], [ -93.05351257324217, 48.453798090798294 ], [ -93.05419921875, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -93.04458618164062, 48.447877550537136 ], [ -93.04183959960938, 48.436489955944154 ], [ -93.02742004394531, 48.434667703888834 ], [ -93.02604675292969, 48.44241182374619 ], [ -93.01300048828125, 48.44013426398058 ], [ -93.00613403320311, 48.43512327303003 ], [ -93.00407409667969, 48.432389796908886 ], [ -92.99652099609375, 48.42692240348919 ], [ -93.00338745117188, 48.424644149283594 ], [ -93.00270080566406, 48.410516693689175 ], [ -92.95669555664062, 48.40914931221878 ], [ -92.95326232910156, 48.398664832741375 ], [ -92.91275024414061, 48.40003249610685 ], [ -92.91343688964844, 48.4164415885222 ], [ -92.80288696289062, 48.41598585189281 ], [ -92.80288696289062, 48.42054303435203 ], [ -92.78572082519531, 48.42054303435203 ], [ -92.78434753417969, 48.40185599006367 ], [ -92.74589538574219, 48.4045911084346 ], [ -92.74658203125, 48.41370710746712 ], [ -92.72941589355469, 48.41370710746712 ], [ -92.72804260253906, 48.38817819201506 ], [ -92.6422119140625, 48.38909015961602 ], [ -92.63946533203124, 48.37677721805463 ], [ -92.62710571289062, 48.369935407913786 ], [ -92.61337280273438, 48.36354888898689 ], [ -92.59552001953125, 48.35670530140269 ], [ -92.59208679199219, 48.350773448467265 ], [ -92.59140014648438, 48.34255897353981 ], [ -92.57080078125, 48.322473571887066 ], [ -92.52479553222656, 48.32201699353493 ], [ -92.52479553222656, 48.306490897851745 ], [ -92.49046325683594, 48.30603417645622 ], [ -92.4835968017578, 48.29735569338565 ], [ -92.471923828125, 48.29278747807136 ], [ -92.45475769042969, 48.28913261153411 ], [ -92.449951171875, 48.32384328242262 ], [ -92.4664306640625, 48.34757908776668 ], [ -92.47947692871094, 48.37084770238363 ], [ -92.45475769042969, 48.40231185333918 ], [ -92.45681762695312, 48.41416286452279 ], [ -92.47673034667969, 48.41826449418743 ], [ -92.48016357421875, 48.424644149283594 ], [ -92.48153686523438, 48.428289306991815 ], [ -92.48977661132812, 48.43011178780492 ], [ -92.50694274902342, 48.44742209577057 ], [ -92.53509521484375, 48.449243890328724 ], [ -92.57148742675781, 48.44104530014126 ], [ -92.65525817871092, 48.436489955944154 ], [ -92.66349792480467, 48.44013426398058 ], [ -92.69027709960938, 48.44377831058805 ], [ -92.71224975585938, 48.4615392941869 ], [ -92.70881652832031, 48.469279317167164 ], [ -92.70881652832031, 48.472921272487824 ], [ -92.70057678222656, 48.48339043800986 ], [ -92.69920349121094, 48.49294735446588 ], [ -92.6868438720703, 48.49795263955065 ], [ -92.65869140625, 48.49704262447178 ], [ -92.6531982421875, 48.50068258677571 ], [ -92.64289855957031, 48.50068258677571 ], [ -92.63465881347656, 48.49977262070255 ], [ -92.625732421875, 48.50295743049266 ], [ -92.6319122314453, 48.50796172730254 ], [ -92.62847900390625, 48.510236244324055 ], [ -92.625732421875, 48.512510659255334 ], [ -92.62916564941406, 48.5147849720974 ], [ -92.62435913085936, 48.517514012751505 ], [ -92.62985229492188, 48.52297165304546 ], [ -92.63465881347656, 48.54252336892718 ], [ -92.66006469726562, 48.54661463307771 ], [ -92.72941589355469, 48.5402503014931 ], [ -92.8948974609375, 48.59568400838304 ], [ -92.90931701660156, 48.596138131960906 ], [ -92.92991638183594, 48.60658184761339 ], [ -92.94914245605469, 48.608397925562606 ], [ -92.9498291015625, 48.63018576693964 ], [ -92.95463562011719, 48.63200099590253 ], [ -92.98347473144531, 48.62428582180531 ], [ -93.08990478515625, 48.62791663890294 ], [ -93.15788269042969, 48.62519355056901 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5ca901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Gregory A.","contributorId":43819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24671,"text":"ofr00453 - 2000 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T19:33:23.090879","indexId":"ofr00453","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-453","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—1999","docAbstract":"<p>The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and a precipitation of only about 6 to 12 inches per year.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The monitoring program in Black Mesa has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In 1999, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,110 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,210 acre-feet, and municipal use was 2,900 acre-feet. From 1998 to 1999, total withdrawals increased by 0.7 percent, industrial use increased by 4 percent, and municipal use decreased by 4 percent.</p> \n<br>\n<p>From 1998 to 1999, water levels declined in 11 of 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median decline was 0.7 foot. Water levels declined in 14 of 16 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median decline was 1.2 feet.</p> \n<br>\n<p>From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 1999, the median water-level decline in 31 wells was 10.6 feet. Median water-level changes were 0.0 foot for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and a decline of 45.5 feet in 16 wells in the confined part.</p> \n<br>\n<p>From 1998 to 1999, discharges were measured annually at four springs. Discharges declined 30 percent and 3 percent at 2 springs, did not change at 1 spring, and increased by 11 percent at 1 spring. For the past 10 years, discharges from the four springs have fluctuated; however, an increasing or decreasing trend was not observed.</p> \n<br>\n<p>Continuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from July 1976 to 1999 at Moenkopi Wash, July 1996 to 1999 at Laguna Creek, June 1993 to 1999 at Dinnebito Wash, and April 1994 to 1999 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year are used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. Increasing or decreasing trends are not apparent in these median winter flows for the periods of record.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In 1999, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 91 to 630 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 10 of the wells and the 4 springs had less than 350 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water-chemistry data are available for nine wells and four springs from about the mid-1980s. For that time period, the data from those sites have remained fairly stable. From 1987 to 1999, concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate may have increased slightly in samples from Moenkopi School Spring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr00453","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., and Truini, M., 2000, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-453, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00453.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390695,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34502.htm"},{"id":287809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287808,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0453/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,37.0 ], [ -109.5,37.0 ], [ -109.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":41104,"text":"ofr99472 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Cannon River Basin, southeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T21:52:40.693381","indexId":"ofr99472","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-472","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Cannon River Basin, southeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Cannon River Basin, located in southeastern Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and marsh, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr99472","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Winterstein, T.A., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Cannon River Basin, southeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-472, Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 35.03 x 32.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99472.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 35.03 x 32.03 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99472.JPG"},{"id":12225,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/99-472-Plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/99-472.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391546,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25651.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Cannon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.63922119140625, 44.387182201128724 ], [ -93.62754821777344, 44.384728665110295 ], [ -93.62274169921875, 44.387182201128724 ], [ -93.61656188964844, 44.39356091349481 ], [ -93.60969543457031, 44.39601407929594 ], [ -93.60282897949219, 44.405825714112936 ], [ -93.59596252441406, 44.41220239438348 ], [ -93.58222961425781, 44.41220239438348 ], [ -93.57261657714844, 44.40484462467532 ], [ -93.56369018554688, 44.39405155488211 ], [ -93.55133056640625, 44.391598306810266 ], [ -93.54515075683594, 44.397976537893065 ], [ -93.53965759277344, 44.401901257636936 ], [ -93.51287841796874, 44.40042951858466 ], [ -93.50944519042969, 44.39405155488211 ], [ -93.49983215332031, 44.389635634309236 ], [ -93.49159240722656, 44.396504700115536 ], [ -93.49159240722656, 44.401901257636936 ], [ -93.49159240722656, 44.41318336041361 ], [ -93.48472595214844, 44.41955923853364 ], [ -93.46412658691406, 44.42397290075389 ], [ -93.4503936767578, 44.43476045009948 ], [ -93.43666076660156, 44.448487178796235 ], [ -93.43528747558592, 44.46074046123942 ], [ -93.42842102050781, 44.471031231561845 ], [ -93.42498779296875, 44.47691085722325 ], [ -93.41949462890624, 44.489158174729404 ], [ -93.41537475585938, 44.49405638181746 ], [ -93.39065551757812, 44.496995108607194 ], [ -93.38172912597656, 44.49748488200713 ], [ -93.37554931640625, 44.49454617990028 ], [ -93.36456298828124, 44.49552576372451 ], [ -93.35014343261719, 44.49846441646551 ], [ -93.328857421875, 44.50140292110874 ], [ -93.31375122070312, 44.5058104003897 ], [ -93.30551147460938, 44.50727948610087 ], [ -93.29795837402344, 44.51854124650997 ], [ -93.30551147460938, 44.53077982210685 ], [ -93.30482482910156, 44.53812173329457 ], [ -93.30276489257811, 44.545462718849755 ], [ -93.28079223632812, 44.548888195335756 ], [ -93.27186584472656, 44.553781383487305 ], [ -93.26774597167969, 44.55916341529184 ], [ -93.24851989746094, 44.56063115575429 ], [ -93.23753356933594, 44.57237174652431 ], [ -93.21762084960938, 44.577752058683366 ], [ -93.19908142089844, 44.57188260255312 ], [ -93.19290161132811, 44.56307730757893 ], [ -93.18672180175781, 44.56307730757893 ], [ -93.18672180175781, 44.57090430226871 ], [ -93.18878173828125, 44.57628475018986 ], [ -93.16680908203125, 44.581664700316146 ], [ -93.15788269042969, 44.58019749055897 ], [ -93.14071655273438, 44.57677385713505 ], [ -93.10638427734375, 44.571393454467916 ], [ -93.09059143066406, 44.567480121682536 ], [ -93.08441162109374, 44.57286088638149 ], [ -93.06793212890625, 44.57970841241188 ], [ -93.04733276367188, 44.58704415264621 ], [ -93.01437377929686, 44.589000193709055 ], [ -93.00613403320311, 44.60415728007794 ], [ -92.97592163085938, 44.60464615252304 ], [ -92.94708251953125, 44.60415728007794 ], [ -92.93952941894531, 44.60220174915696 ], [ -92.92716979980469, 44.60171285614153 ], [ -92.90107727050781, 44.600735057768546 ], [ -92.88597106933594, 44.600735057768546 ], [ -92.86674499511719, 44.60513502085406 ], [ -92.83309936523438, 44.610023477890515 ], [ -92.82966613769531, 44.6036684035188 ], [ -92.82279968261719, 44.59926832935367 ], [ -92.81112670898436, 44.59926832935367 ], [ -92.79602050781249, 44.59486792195009 ], [ -92.77130126953125, 44.59829048984011 ], [ -92.75550842285156, 44.60317952284558 ], [ -92.73490905761719, 44.60024615241099 ], [ -92.7191162109375, 44.59975724293935 ], [ -92.69371032714844, 44.59975724293935 ], [ -92.67997741699219, 44.60171285614153 ], [ -92.669677734375, 44.59731263387036 ], [ -92.65388488769531, 44.5934010454294 ], [ -92.64152526855469, 44.5919341318823 ], [ -92.6202392578125, 44.5924231071787 ], [ -92.60856628417967, 44.596823699714406 ], [ -92.59620666503906, 44.60415728007794 ], [ -92.5934600830078, 44.60757930079818 ], [ -92.59002685546875, 44.6036684035188 ], [ -92.58110046386719, 44.60415728007794 ], [ -92.57492065429688, 44.60464615252304 ], [ -92.56942749023436, 44.59975724293935 ], [ -92.56324768066406, 44.593890008383674 ], [ -92.55638122558594, 44.58704415264621 ], [ -92.55569458007812, 44.57970841241188 ], [ -92.56805419921875, 44.575306523957494 ], [ -92.57766723632811, 44.57188260255312 ], [ -92.58247375488281, 44.562588085441966 ], [ -92.59414672851562, 44.551824157594105 ], [ -92.60238647460938, 44.54742015866829 ], [ -92.61131286621094, 44.53812173329457 ], [ -92.61749267578125, 44.53077982210685 ], [ -92.6312255859375, 44.52049959138874 ], [ -92.6319122314453, 44.51413472987111 ], [ -92.63328552246094, 44.50336184192754 ], [ -92.62710571289062, 44.4906276800508 ], [ -92.6312255859375, 44.481320187718026 ], [ -92.66075134277344, 44.47054123601729 ], [ -92.66075134277344, 44.46368086644984 ], [ -92.65800476074219, 44.450447876762844 ], [ -92.6641845703125, 44.44456558540571 ], [ -92.67448425292969, 44.439663223436106 ], [ -92.68272399902344, 44.42740551878445 ], [ -92.69302368164062, 44.41318336041361 ], [ -92.69508361816406, 44.40337295966717 ], [ -92.69577026367188, 44.383747221908365 ], [ -92.70126342773438, 44.36313311380771 ], [ -92.72392272949219, 44.349877355494655 ], [ -92.73971557617188, 44.34496705439847 ], [ -92.78160095214844, 44.337109717061864 ], [ -92.81455993652344, 44.331216023015294 ], [ -92.83653259277344, 44.33023368308742 ], [ -92.84820556640625, 44.32483051938117 ], [ -92.88253784179688, 44.32040937887768 ], [ -92.92510986328125, 44.315987905196906 ], [ -92.99583435058594, 44.31107476590076 ], [ -93.0219268798828, 44.31009208868226 ], [ -93.05007934570312, 44.30763532365396 ], [ -93.08235168457031, 44.30616121527788 ], [ -93.08990478515625, 44.29240108529005 ], [ -93.09677124023438, 44.28257044667387 ], [ -93.10638427734375, 44.28306201767988 ], [ -93.12217712402344, 44.28207887155467 ], [ -93.14140319824219, 44.28109570897683 ], [ -93.16955566406249, 44.280604121518145 ], [ -93.19908142089844, 44.284536706018905 ], [ -93.20182800292969, 44.27765451038982 ], [ -93.19908142089844, 44.27027983474887 ], [ -93.19290161132811, 44.26536287018088 ], [ -93.19976806640625, 44.26241249401097 ], [ -93.19976806640625, 44.25503590577483 ], [ -93.19015502929688, 44.24962581956621 ], [ -93.19290161132811, 44.242247627238285 ], [ -93.19839477539062, 44.23978802414443 ], [ -93.19221496582031, 44.228472525527614 ], [ -93.18466186523438, 44.22010749770578 ], [ -93.1702423095703, 44.212233444529716 ], [ -93.1585693359375, 44.2146941992524 ], [ -93.14689636230467, 44.21764696919354 ], [ -93.12355041503905, 44.2171548511523 ], [ -93.10844421386719, 44.212233444529716 ], [ -93.08235168457031, 44.21026476671932 ], [ -93.05625915527344, 44.209772586984485 ], [ -93.05351257324217, 44.20091264845479 ], [ -93.04939270019531, 44.178756972181695 ], [ -93.05007934570312, 44.173339873464684 ], [ -93.09402465820312, 44.173339873464684 ], [ -93.10020446777342, 44.15215916724574 ], [ -93.06243896484375, 44.142797828180605 ], [ -93.0487060546875, 44.13885576756881 ], [ -93.0596923828125, 44.12554936980771 ], [ -93.06724548339844, 44.10829587357286 ], [ -93.08921813964844, 44.09202367722237 ], [ -93.09814453125, 44.085118968213656 ], [ -93.09883117675781, 44.07476039341059 ], [ -93.09814453125, 44.07081379264681 ], [ -93.09539794921875, 44.04811573082351 ], [ -93.09059143066406, 44.03429525903969 ], [ -93.08921813964844, 44.026890108707875 ], [ -93.07754516601562, 44.01306468595378 ], [ -93.06999206542969, 44.00516299694704 ], [ -93.06449890136719, 43.99034449280364 ], [ -93.08029174804688, 43.97453400937892 ], [ -93.08647155761719, 43.96316762368559 ], [ -93.07479858398438, 43.949327348785225 ], [ -93.0603790283203, 43.935483850319784 ], [ -93.05419921875, 43.929549935614595 ], [ -93.0596923828125, 43.91471255856308 ], [ -93.07136535644531, 43.90927125982932 ], [ -93.07342529296875, 43.90036624335341 ], [ -93.08097839355469, 43.88205730390537 ], [ -93.08921813964844, 43.866713048323184 ], [ -93.08647155761719, 43.84987932186656 ], [ -93.08921813964844, 43.84294640609324 ], [ -93.11737060546875, 43.84047016946789 ], [ -93.16062927246094, 43.83650797709095 ], [ -93.17298889160156, 43.83205019617054 ], [ -93.20114135742186, 43.83105953296673 ], [ -93.21075439453125, 43.82858280301419 ], [ -93.22242736816406, 43.841460676451305 ], [ -93.22517395019531, 43.82759208225603 ], [ -93.23204040527342, 43.82709671571044 ], [ -93.25607299804686, 43.82709671571044 ], [ -93.28010559082031, 43.82709671571044 ], [ -93.29727172851562, 43.82957350732828 ], [ -93.28903198242188, 43.84987932186656 ], [ -93.31100463867188, 43.85235516793534 ], [ -93.32748413085938, 43.847898571010965 ], [ -93.33572387695312, 43.83997490980957 ], [ -93.33915710449219, 43.85532604754971 ], [ -93.33915710449219, 43.86027718467949 ], [ -93.3570098876953, 43.84839376489157 ], [ -93.37486267089844, 43.84542253994105 ], [ -93.3837890625, 43.8543357707896 ], [ -93.36936950683594, 43.87017822557581 ], [ -93.36799621582031, 43.88156238958827 ], [ -93.35769653320312, 43.893439198467405 ], [ -93.35289001464844, 43.90630306901634 ], [ -93.34602355957031, 43.920153359804715 ], [ -93.33091735839844, 43.93301145781231 ], [ -93.32199096679688, 43.9473499035071 ], [ -93.31169128417969, 43.94833863436953 ], [ -93.31169128417969, 43.95871931544918 ], [ -93.32199096679688, 43.9646503190861 ], [ -93.32199096679688, 43.9814516139716 ], [ -93.31718444824219, 43.99182650975112 ], [ -93.33297729492188, 43.993308489691415 ], [ -93.34053039550781, 44.004669106432225 ], [ -93.35426330566406, 44.01454613545038 ], [ -93.37966918945312, 44.02145907710278 ], [ -93.40644836425781, 44.02343405525542 ], [ -93.42155456542969, 44.02442151965934 ], [ -93.4442138671875, 44.02392778951341 ], [ -93.46206665039062, 44.02343405525542 ], [ -93.47923278808594, 44.022446574403226 ], [ -93.47579956054688, 44.03824429423549 ], [ -93.482666015625, 44.04959630444176 ], [ -93.49296569824219, 44.05897241123968 ], [ -93.48335266113281, 44.065386786862234 ], [ -93.4881591796875, 44.067360301083085 ], [ -93.5053253173828, 44.066373552197206 ], [ -93.52455139160156, 44.07081379264681 ], [ -93.53073120117188, 44.07920000467796 ], [ -93.53279113769531, 44.083146046165986 ], [ -93.51905822753906, 44.090544164574716 ], [ -93.52317810058594, 44.09794135769707 ], [ -93.53691101074217, 44.100899975864145 ], [ -93.53828430175781, 44.109281923355645 ], [ -93.53416442871094, 44.11963445291023 ], [ -93.53141784667969, 44.132942183139654 ], [ -93.55201721191405, 44.13442063476683 ], [ -93.57192993164062, 44.146739625584985 ], [ -93.56575012207031, 44.15412978628832 ], [ -93.5760498046875, 44.169892369723506 ], [ -93.57879638671875, 44.162996757670605 ], [ -93.61518859863281, 44.163489328121294 ], [ -93.60145568847656, 44.172354892959476 ], [ -93.57536315917967, 44.17629471627438 ], [ -93.603515625, 44.17629471627438 ], [ -93.61793518066406, 44.17629471627438 ], [ -93.60420227050781, 44.18121912526982 ], [ -93.58634948730469, 44.18614312298759 ], [ -93.5980224609375, 44.190082025040525 ], [ -93.61038208007812, 44.19106670942566 ], [ -93.62548828125, 44.19303602884215 ], [ -93.64883422851562, 44.19549758557417 ], [ -93.66256713867188, 44.19746675692876 ], [ -93.67904663085938, 44.19943586247786 ], [ -93.68522644042969, 44.19795903948531 ], [ -93.69758605957031, 44.19451297521985 ], [ -93.7188720703125, 44.19402066387343 ], [ -93.73741149902344, 44.19549758557417 ], [ -93.74633789062499, 44.19943586247786 ], [ -93.75869750976562, 44.20435833845082 ], [ -93.77792358398436, 44.20583500104184 ], [ -93.78616333007811, 44.208788215176114 ], [ -93.79440307617188, 44.20829602310263 ], [ -93.79783630371094, 44.208788215176114 ], [ -93.80813598632812, 44.22404412945281 ], [ -93.81362915039062, 44.22896454897114 ], [ -93.81500244140625, 44.23536047945612 ], [ -93.80538940429688, 44.242247627238285 ], [ -93.79920959472656, 44.244707127506686 ], [ -93.80744934082031, 44.24667465368694 ], [ -93.81912231445312, 44.25405229075444 ], [ -93.81912231445312, 44.258478428784606 ], [ -93.81706237792967, 44.263395969186675 ], [ -93.82804870605469, 44.26634629599939 ], [ -93.83560180664062, 44.26536287018088 ], [ -93.84109497070312, 44.26732970536542 ], [ -93.84727478027344, 44.276671273775186 ], [ -93.8397216796875, 44.278146122527424 ], [ -93.8287353515625, 44.2791293344632 ], [ -93.81088256835938, 44.28207887155467 ], [ -93.8019561767578, 44.28748597164118 ], [ -93.79234313964844, 44.294858487869526 ], [ -93.7854766845703, 44.295841420108864 ], [ -93.76693725585938, 44.28896054892438 ], [ -93.76213073730467, 44.296332880058706 ], [ -93.77105712890625, 44.30419567985762 ], [ -93.76762390136719, 44.31304007097853 ], [ -93.75251770019531, 44.32040937887768 ], [ -93.74427795410156, 44.32040937887768 ], [ -93.73947143554686, 44.31107476590076 ], [ -93.73054504394531, 44.302230078625456 ], [ -93.72230529785156, 44.30173866803434 ], [ -93.71337890625, 44.30321288746803 ], [ -93.69483947753906, 44.30370428571944 ], [ -93.6749267578125, 44.30468706988256 ], [ -93.65570068359375, 44.30566983759268 ], [ -93.658447265625, 44.31058342934815 ], [ -93.67286682128906, 44.321391883338244 ], [ -93.68110656738281, 44.33367180085156 ], [ -93.69415283203125, 44.340056341964114 ], [ -93.68385314941406, 44.34644018791789 ], [ -93.68247985839844, 44.35478724525106 ], [ -93.67904663085938, 44.370496128249904 ], [ -93.66531372070312, 44.37442269084738 ], [ -93.65020751953125, 44.37785821716272 ], [ -93.63922119140625, 44.387182201128724 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winterstein, Thomas A.","contributorId":25971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21853,"text":"ofr0066 - 2000 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T20:24:53.021187","indexId":"ofr0066","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-66","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 1998","docAbstract":"<p>The Black Mesa monitoring program is designed to document long-term effects of ground-water pumping from the N aquifer by industrial and municipal users. The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area, and the ground water occurs under confined and unconfined conditions. Monitoring activities include continuous and periodic measurements of (1) ground-water pumpage from the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (2) ground-water levels in the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (3) surface-water discharge, (4) flowmeter tests, and (5) ground-water and surface-water chemistry.</p> \n<br>\n<p>In 1998, ground-water withdrawals for industrial and municipal use totaled about 7,060 acre-feet, which is less than a 1 percent decrease from 1997. Pumpage from the confined part of the aquifer decreased by less than 1 percent to 5,470 acre-feet, and pumpage from the unconfined part of the aquifer increased by less than 1 percent to 1,590 acre-feet. Water-level declines in the confined part of the aquifer were recorded in 10 of 14 wells during 1998, and the median change from 1997 was a decline of 3.0 feet as opposed to a rise of 0.2 feet for the change from 1996 to 1997. Water-level declines in the unconfined part of the aquifer were recorded in 9 of 16 wells, and the median change from 1997 was 0.0 feet, which is the same as the median change from 1996 to 1997.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Of the 35 pumpage meters on municipal wells that were tested, the difference between metered and tested discharge ranged from +6.3 to -19.6 percent. The average difference was about -3.4 percent. Five of the meters exceeded the allowable difference (10 percent) and should be repaired or replaced.</p> \n<br>\n<p>The low-flow discharge at the Moenkopi streamflow-gaging station ranged from 2.6 to 4.7 cubic feet per second in 1998. Streamflow-discharge measurements also were made at Laguna Creek, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash during 1998. The low-flow discharge ranged from 0.41 to 5.1 cubic feet per second at Laguna Creek, 0.32 to 0.44 cubic feet per second at Dinnebito Wash, and 0.13 to 0.36 cubic feet per second at Polacca Wash. Discharge was measured at four springs. Discharge from Moenkopi School Spring decreased by about 1.1 gallons per minute from the measurement in 1997. Discharge from an unnamed spring near Dennehotso decreased by 4.6 gallons per minute from the measurement made in 1997. Discharge increased slightly at Burro Spring and decreased by about 1 gallon per minute at Pasture Canyon Spring. Regionally, long-term water-chemistry data for wells and springs have remained stable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr0066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and the Bureau of Indiana Affairs","usgsCitation":"Truini, M., Baum, B.M., Littin, G.R., and Shingoitewa-Honanie, G., 2000, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-66, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0066.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410882,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25691.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287804,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              35.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              36.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.583,\n              36.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.583,\n              35.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              35.583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5455f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, Bradley M.","contributorId":26718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shingoitewa-Honanie, Gayl","contributorId":21179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shingoitewa-Honanie","given":"Gayl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":6745,"text":"fs15900 - 2000 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T06:29:05","indexId":"fs15900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"159-00","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"<p>The Mogollon Highlands of east central Arizona is a region of forested plateau and mountains, deep, sheerwalled canyons, and desert valleys. Known for its scenic beauty and characterized by a generally mild climate, the area, though still sparsely populated, attracts an increasing number of tourists and summer residents. Furthermore, the permanent population is expected to nearly double over the next 50 years. Consequently, there is increased pressure on the water resources of this area for several sometimes conflicting uses. Rational management of water resources is necessary to meet increased domestic requirements while ensuring an adequate supply of water for commercial and agricultural use, for Indian lands, and for preservation of valued environmental elements, including surface waters, riparian woodlands, forest and grassland areas, and wildlife and aquatic habitat. Such management requires an understanding of the relations among different components of the hydrologic system—recharge areas, surface flows, shallow aquifers, deep aquifers, discharge areas, and the regional ground-water flow system—and how each is affected by geology, climate, topography, and human use.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an assessment of the hydrogeology of the Mogollon Highlands in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources. The study, funded through the State’s Rural Watershed Initiative program, is one of three assessments being conducted by the USGS. Assessments also are underway in the Upper-Middle Verde River watershed and on the Coconino Plateau. Each study has as its objectives: (1) the collection, compilation, and evaluation of all existing geologic, hydrologic, and related data pertaining to the study area and the creation of a data base that is readily accessible to the public and (2) developing an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework, which is the relation between geologic and hydrologic properties, that can be used for water-- resources management purposes and that will support the development of an interpretive and predictive model to estimate the effects of climate and water use on the sustainability of regional water resources.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Although the three contiguous areas in north-central Arizona are being studied separately, a single data base is being constructed from which data on each area can be extracted separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15900","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., and Flynn, M., 2000, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 159-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15900.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287718,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0159-00/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mogollon Highlands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0042,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,33.5048 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23967,"text":"ofr00518 - 2000 - Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:32:17.056698","indexId":"ofr00518","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-518","title":"Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data","docAbstract":"Gravity data were used to study the basement structure of Langford Well Lake basin at the U.S. Army National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. Figure 1 shows the location of the study area. During 1996 and 1999, 290 new gravity stations were measured. These data were merged with existing data to produce a depth-to-basement map, which, in turn was converted to a structure map of the basement surface below alluvial fill. This information can be used to help interpret water flow and reservoir capacity of the basin. In addition, gravity gradients were used to suggest locations of faults through or below alluvial fill. These gradients may be evidence for repositioning or extending mapped faults.\n\nThe locations of gravity stations are shown in figure 2 plotted on a colored grid of topographic elevations generated from 30 m DEM's (Digital Elevation Models). As shown by figure 3, gravity data used in this study are sufficiently accurate to permit 1-mGal contour intervals. Much of the older regional data in this study area are of lesser quality although they were included because they sufficiently represent regional gravity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00518","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2000, Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-518, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00518.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00518.jpg"},{"id":282005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0518/pdf/of00-518.pdf"},{"id":1670,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0518/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin, Langford Well Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,35.0 ], [ -116.75,35.25 ], [ -116.583333,35.25 ], [ -116.583333,35.0 ], [ -116.75,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}