{"pageNumber":"1472","pageRowStart":"36775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70185551,"text":"70185551 - 1986 - Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T12:11:34","indexId":"70185551","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion","docAbstract":"<p><span>Miscible displacement techniques were used to create Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> concentration profiles in unsaturated laboratory columns of Delhi sand (Typic Xeropsamments), each having a nearly uniform water content. The three steady flow rates used resulted in three different, average water contents. Chloride concentrations near the top of the column were smaller and penetration of Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> in the column was deeper than expected assuming that Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> is a noninteracting solute. Such observations indicate the presence of anion exclusion. This interpretation is further substantiated by chloride and tritium breakthrough curves obtained from a saturated column of the same soil. The saturated experiments show that tritium occupies the entire measured pore volume of the column, but that Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> is restricted to a smaller pore volume. The formulation of the conventional convection-dispersion theory for solute transport in soil which includes anion exclusion resulted in model calculations that fitted the unsaturated Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> concentration profiles quite well. The dispersion coefficients obtained for the unsaturated profiles increase with water velocity and are lower than those previously reported for comparable water velocities in the same but saturated soil. The dispersivity of the unsaturated soil is also smaller than that reported for the saturated soil. For the experimental conditions used, the effective Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> exclusion volume was found to be independent of water content and velocity and occupied about ten percent of the unsaturated water content.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050010x","usgsCitation":"James, R.V., and Rubin, J., 1986, Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1142-1149, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050010x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1149","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df18e4b05ec79911d203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Ronald V.","contributorId":189753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197163,"text":"70197163 - 1986 - Geophysics: A reversal of geomagnetic polarity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T14:16:21","indexId":"70197163","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5692,"text":"Physics Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysics: A reversal of geomagnetic polarity","docAbstract":"<p><span>The detailed behaviour of the geomagnetic field during reversals is documented by palaeomagnetists to constrain models of the geomagnetic dynamo. Reversals are studied by measuring the magnetic remanence preserved in rocks to obtain both the direction and intensity of the ancient magnetic field.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/0031-9112/37/7/018","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., 1986, Geophysics: A reversal of geomagnetic polarity: Physics Bulletin, v. 37, no. 7, p. 287-288, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/37/7/018.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"288","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70196010,"text":"70196010 - 1986 - An overview of rates of chemical weathering","indexId":"70196010","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"An overview of rates of chemical weathering"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","indexId":"70196011","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70196013,"text":"70196013 - 1986 - Levels of time information in weathering measurements, with examples from weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in the Western United States","indexId":"70196013","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"15","title":"Levels of time information in weathering measurements, with examples from weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in the Western United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","indexId":"70196011","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T14:28:18","indexId":"70196011","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","docAbstract":"<p>Researchers in geomorphology, geochemistry, quaternary geology, soil science, and mineralogy will welcome this volume, the first to focus exclusively on rates of silicate chemical weathering. Consisting largely of previously unpublished data from six countries, the volume examines the latest experimental, modelling, and field results.</p><p>New information is presented on topics of current research interest, including inferences about chemical mechanisms at the level of mineral surfaces, and data relating weathering rates to landscape evolution over millions of years. The volume integrates the variety of approaches used by diverse subdisciplines in the assessment of weathering rates, and provides up-to-date references.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","isbn":"9780121814908","usgsCitation":"1986, Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals, 603 p.","productDescription":"603 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/rates-of-chemical-weathering-of-rocks-and-minerals/colman/978-0-08-091737-5"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9b7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M.","contributorId":6439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730906,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197501,"text":"70197501 - 1986 - Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:52:10","indexId":"70197501","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Clarno Formation, a mostly Eocene and partly early Oligocene sequence of andesitic lavas and volcaniclastic rocks, is the oldest Tertiary formation exposed in north central Oregon. Remanent magnetization directions at 46 sites in the lavas provide a paleomagnetic pole at 84°N, 278°E with a 95% confidence cone of 7°. Comparison of this pole with the North American reference pole for Eocene time indicates that the Clarno Formation has rotated 16° clockwise with an uncertainty of 10° but has undergone no significant latitudinal displacement. Further comparison with paleomagnetic data from the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group and Steens Basalt shows that large‐scale block rotations in the eastern Columbia Embayment ceased sometime between 38 m.y. and 15 m.y. A paleogeographic reconstruction for 38 m.y. is offered which is consistent with the observed rotation of the Clarno and with the other paleomagnetic data from the Pacific Northwest, which are briefly reviewed. This reconstruction shows that it is possible to account for virtually all of the paleomagnetically indicated rotations in pre‐Miocene Tertiary rocks of the Pacific Northwest by an extensional tectonic model. As a consequence, only part of the rotations in the pre‐Tertiary rocks of the eastern Columbia Embayment need to be the result of accretionary tectonics. The initiation of magmatism in the eastern Columbia Embayment that is represented by the Clarno Formation itself may have been contemporaneous with the beginning of crustal extension in the Pacific Northwest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB14p14089","usgsCitation":"Gromme, C.S., Beck, M.E., Wells, R., and Engebretson, D.C., 1986, Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B14, p. 14089-14103, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB14p14089.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"14089","endPage":"14103","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Myrl E. Jr.","contributorId":60700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Myrl","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engebretson, David C.","contributorId":205487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engebretson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":96430,"text":"96430 - 1986 - Introduction: development, testing, and application of wildlife-habitat models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"96430","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Introduction: development, testing, and application of wildlife-habitat models","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Berry, K., 1986, Introduction: development, testing, and application of wildlife-habitat models, chap. <i>of</i> Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates., p. 3-4.","productDescription":"p. 3-4","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c1e4b07f02db5d2c66","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Verner, J.","contributorId":112897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505703,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, M.L.","contributorId":83624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505702,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001273,"text":"1001273 - 1986 - Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:10:42","indexId":"1001273","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","docAbstract":"Approximately 200 bald eagles wintered along a 370-km section of the Platte and North Platte rivers in Nebraska during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80. A preponderance of the wintering eagles were adults, with the adult:subadult ratio highest during the harsh winter of 1978-79. Nocturnal roosts were located primarily in tree plantings near the river, with mean tree age at the roosts ranging from 39 to 84 years. Bald eagles utilized a diverse prey base that included fish, birds, and mammals. Remains of 56 prey species were identified from pellets; 76% of pellets contained birds, 34% mammals, and 11% fish. Eagles foraged principally on fish when ice covered less than 80% of channels and water levels were moderate to low. Waterfowl and mammals dominated the diet when the river was almost entirely frozen or water levels were high. Mallards, eastern cottontails, and carp were the principal avian, mammalian, and piscine prey, respectively. Eagles traveled long distances from the river to feed on field-feeding waterfowl when alternate prey were not available. 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,{"id":1001843,"text":"1001843 - 1986 - Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T12:32:03.810229","indexId":"1001843","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies","docAbstract":"We studied the distribution and density of passerine birds in relation to Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) and Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata) shrub coverages on mixed-grass prairies of central North Dakota. Birds were counted along shrubby and shrubless transects during the 1982 breeding season. Species richness and total density of birds were greater on shrubby transects. Five species were more abundant on shrubby transects. Availability of woody nesting substrates best explained differences in bird species abundances. Differences in shrub coverages between transects were probably the result of different land-use practices. Land management practices which modify shrub coverages can alter the composition of passerine bird communities.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T., and Higgins, K., 1986, Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 100, no. 1, p. 10-14.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/355532"},{"id":133996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610e97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, T.W.","contributorId":89484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014624,"text":"70014624 - 1986 - Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean sea ice and terrestrial paleoclimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T00:17:32.206033","indexId":"70014624","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean sea ice and terrestrial paleoclimate","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15570105\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Sea otter remains found in deposits of two marine transgressions (Bigbendian and Fishcreekian) of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain which occurred between 2.4 and 3 Ma suggest that during these two events the southern limit of seasonal sea ice was at least 1600 km farther north than at present in Alaskan waters. Perennial sea ice must have been severely restricted or absent, and winters were warmer than at present during these two sea-level highstands. Paleomagnetic, faunal, and palynological data indicate that the later transgression (Fishcreekian) occurred during the early part of the Matuyama Reversed-Polarity Chron. Amino acid diagenesis in fossil mollusks suggests that since the later transgression the effective diagenetic temperature (EDT) in the deposits has been about −16 °C, which is about 7 °C colder than modern values and slightly colder than the EDT calculated for the past 125 ka. Such a low EDT suggests that permafrost and perennial sea ice have been present nearly continuously since this transgression. Permafrost probably was absent, however, during the earlier (Bigbendian) transgression. Permafrost and extensive perennial sea ice may have been initiated during the late stages of climatic cooling that spanned the Gauss Normal-Matuyama Reversed-Polarity Chron boundary and led into the first major late Cenozoic glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<675:LCAOSI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.D., Brigham-Grette, J., Marincovich, L., Pease, V., and Hillhouse, J.W., 1986, Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean sea ice and terrestrial paleoclimate: Geology, v. 14, no. 8, p. 675-678, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<675:LCAOSI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44bfe4b0c8380cd66d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, L. D.","contributorId":87959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham-Grette, J.","contributorId":78869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham-Grette","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marincovich, L. Jr.","contributorId":16157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincovich","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pease, V.L.","contributorId":23286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pease","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hillhouse, John W.","contributorId":29475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":85380,"text":"85380 - 1986 - Evaluation of a mallard productivity model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:51:48","indexId":"85380","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluation of a mallard productivity model","docAbstract":"A stochastic model of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) productivity has been developed over a 10-year period and successfully applied to several management questions. Here we review the model and describe some recent uses and improvements that increase its realism and applicability, including naturally occurring changes in wetland habitat, catastrophic weather events, and the migrational homing of mallards. The amount of wetland habitat influenced productivity primarily by affecting the renesting rate. Late snowstorms severely reduced productivity, whereas the loss of nests due to flooding was largely compensated for by increased renesting, often in habitats where hatching rates were better. Migrational homing was shown to be an important phenomenon in population modeling and should be considered when evaluating management plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Cowardin, L., and Sparling, D.W., 1986, Evaluation of a mallard productivity model, chap. <i>of</i> Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, p. 23-29.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b54","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Verner, J.","contributorId":112897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, L.M.","contributorId":113752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504458,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003281,"text":"1003281 - 1986 - Computer program calculation of gas supersaturation in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:02:41.382349","indexId":"1003281","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer program calculation of gas supersaturation in water","docAbstract":"<p><span>A short computer program, written in BASIC for the Apple IIe or IBM PC computer, efficiently performs all the calculations required to determine gas pressure and percent saturation values for water. Input for the program is limited to empirical determinations of barometric pressure, water temperature, differential dissolved gas pressures, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. An optional routine is included for obtaining a printed report of input data and results. The program can be easily modified to run on most other microcomputers that use BASIC programming language.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C142:CPCOGS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., 1986, Computer program calculation of gas supersaturation in water: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 2, p. 142-146, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C142:CPCOGS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a78f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007529,"text":"1007529 - 1986 - The boundary model: A geographical analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T17:28:53.343688","indexId":"1007529","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The boundary model: A geographical analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves","docAbstract":"<p><span>It is widely recognised that nearly all parks and reserves are too small to protect their biological diversity. In response to this problem, we have been developing a multidisciplinary ‘boundary model’ that focuses upon the processes of exchange across the administrative edges of nature reserves. The model incorporates known dynamics from various disciplines and describes the interactions of these forces across the boundary. These disciplines include biogeography, ecology, and human effects, influences and attitudes in an understanding of reserve boundary vulnerability and effectiveness. The boundary model recognises the development of edges in association with the establishment of the administrative boundary. However, it discerns between ‘natural’ and ‘generated’ edges that are based upon the differing stimuli for their development and change. Segmentation of the boundary is recognised as a manifestation of environmental heterogeneity. The boundary model suggests that exposure of the reserve is a major determinate of potential vulnerability. Effectiveness of reserve protection is hypothesised to be more dependent upon what crosses the boundary than upon any internal processes alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(86)90057-1","usgsCitation":"Schonewald-Cox, C., and Bayless, J., 1986, The boundary model: A geographical analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves: Biological Conservation, v. 38, no. 4, p. 305-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90057-1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C.","contributorId":91433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayless, J.W.","contributorId":15547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2000111,"text":"2000111 - 1986 - Habitat suitability index models: northern pintail (Gulf Coast wintering)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:58:13","indexId":"2000111","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82(10.121)","title":"Habitat suitability index models: northern pintail (Gulf Coast wintering)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Howard, R., and Kantrud, H., 1986, Habitat suitability index models: northern pintail (Gulf Coast wintering): Biological Report 82(10.121), 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, R.J. 0000-0001-7264-4364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":86452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":325107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014481,"text":"70014481 - 1986 - ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014481","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS.","docAbstract":"The United States was divided into three regions, on the basis of mean annual rainfall, to decrease the variability in storm-runoff constituent loads and to improve regression relations with basin and climatic characteristics. Multiple-regression analyses, in progress, are being refined to determine the best regression models for each of the storm-runoff constituent loads in each of the three regions. These techniques, when finalized, can be used to estimate storm-runoff constituent loads for gaged and ungaged urban watersheds. The preliminary standard errors of estimate for five constituents examined to date ranged from 54 to 223 percent, and the coefficients of determination (r**2) ranged from 0. 39 to 0. 94. Total storm rainfall and total contributing drainage area appear to be the most significant independent variables in the regression models. This paper is a progress report on preliminary results of estimating storm-runoff constituent loads for ungaged watersheds.","conferenceTitle":"Urban Runoff Quality - Impact and Quality Enhancement Technology, Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Henniker, NH, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"087262577X","usgsCitation":"Driver, N.E., and Lystrom, D.J., 1986, ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS., Urban Runoff Quality - Impact and Quality Enhancement Technology, Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference., Henniker, NH, USA, p. 122-132.","startPage":"122","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0469e4b0c8380cd5097d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A.","contributorId":128383,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A.","id":536288,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Driver, Nancy E.","contributorId":67858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lystrom, David J.","contributorId":101283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lystrom","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008656,"text":"1008656 - 1986 - Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T13:14:15.863213","indexId":"1008656","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><a id=\"skipNav\" class=\"screenreader-text\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on#\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\" data-mce-tabindex=\"-1\">Skip Nav Destination</a></p><div class=\"widget widget-SplitView widget-instance-SplitView_Article\"><div class=\"article\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleMainView widget-instance-ArticleMainView_Split\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleTopInfo widget-instance-ArticleTopInfo_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget article-top-widget content-metadata_wrap\"><div class=\"article-groups left-flag\"><span class=\"article-client_type\">RESEARCH ARTICLE</span><span class=\"pipe\">|</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"article-date\">JULY 01, 1986</span></div><div class=\"widget-items\"><h1 class=\"wi-article-title article-title-main\">Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"icon-availability_unlocked\" title=\"Available\"></i></h1><div class=\"wi-authors\"><div class=\"al-authors-list\"><div class=\"al-author-name\"><a class=\"linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger\">KENNETH L. PIERCE</a><span class=\"al-author-delim\">;</span></div><span>&nbsp;</span><div class=\"al-author-name\"><a class=\"linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger\">STEVEN M. COLMAN</a></div></div></div><div class=\"js-author-expand-collapse-metadata-wrap author-expand-collapse-metadata-wrap stats-article-metadata-trigger-wrap\"><a class=\"js-expand-collapse-metadata author-expand-collapse-metadata stats-article-metadata-trigger\"><i class=\"js-metadata-toggle-icon icon-general-add\"></i>Author and Article Information</a></div><div class=\"pub-history-wrap clearfix\"><div class=\"pub-history-row clearfix\"><div class=\"ww-citation-primary\">GSA Bulletin (1986) 97 (7): 869–885.</div></div><div class=\"pub-history-row citation-wrap-row clearfix\"><div class=\"ww-citation-wrap-doi\"><div class=\"citation-doi\"><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C869:EOHAOM%3E2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C869:EOHAOM%3E2.0.CO;2\">https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97&lt;869:EOHAOM&gt;2.0.CO;2</a></div></div><div class=\"ww-citation-history-wrap js-history-dropdown-wrap\"><a class=\"history-label js-history-dropdown-trigger\"><span>Article history</span><i class=\"icon-history-small\"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"toolbar-wrap vt-toolbar-wrap\"><div class=\"toolbar-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"toolbar-inner-wrap \"><ul id=\"Toolbar\" class=\"debug js-toolbar toolbar\"><li class=\"toolbar-item item-link\"><a class=\"standard-view\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-standard/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-standard/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\">Standard View</a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-pdf\"><a class=\"al-link pdf openInAnotherWindow stats-item-pdf-download js-download-file-gtm-datalayer-event  article-pdfLink\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/97/7/869/3434736/i0016-7606-97-7-869.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-resourceid=\"188507\" data-resourcetypeid=\"Article\" data-doi=\"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2\" data-doctype=\"contentPdf\" data-article-id=\"188507\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/97/7/869/3434736/i0016-7606-97-7-869.pdf\"><span class=\"screenreader-text\">Open the</span><i class=\"icon-menu_pdf-small\"></i><span>PDF<span class=\"screenreader-text\">for in another window</span></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-cite\"><a class=\"js-toolbar-dropdown\" data-dropdown=\"CiteDrop\"><i class=\"icon-cite\"></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\">Cite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"icon-general_arrow-down arrow-icon\"></i></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-share\"><a class=\"drop-trigger js-toolbar-dropdown at-ShareButton\" data-dropdown=\"ShareDrop\"><i class=\"icon-menu_share\"><span class=\"screenreader-text\">Share Icon</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\">Share</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"arrow-icon icon-general_arrow-down js-toolbar-arrow-icon\"></i></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-tools\"><div class=\"widget widget-ToolboxPermissions widget-instance-ToolboxPermissions_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><a id=\"PermissionsLink\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http://www.copyright.com/openurl.do?issn=1943-2674&amp;WT.mc.id=\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.copyright.com/openurl.do?issn=1943-2674&amp;WT.mc.id=\"><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\"><i id=\"toolbar-permissions-icon\" class=\"icon-menu_permissions\"></i><span id=\"toolbar-permissions-link-text\" class=\"toolbar-text\">Permissions</span></span></span></a></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=\"article-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleFulltext widget-instance-ArticleFulltext_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"ArticleFulltext\"><h2 id=\"15238950\" class=\"abstract-title jumplink-heading\" data-section-title=\"Abstract\">Abstract</h2><div><div id=\"15238950\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate.</p><p>If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope movement is<span>&nbsp;</span><i>directly proportional to surface gradient</i>, the evolution of the scarp is modeled by the diffusion equation. For a group of scarps of same age and known starting angle, the diffusion-equation model predicts the relation between maximum scarp angle (\uD835\uDEC9) and scarp height (<i>h</i>). Late Pleistocene terrace scarps now as steep as 33.25°, as well as measured angles of repose for sand and gravel, require a starting angle as steep as 33.5°. For latest Pleistocene Idaho and Utah scarps, as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><span>&nbsp;</span>increases, \uD835\uDEC9 is gentler (more degraded) than modeled by the diffusion equation with a constant rate coefficient. The degradation-rate coefficient (<i>c</i>) increases tenfold with scarp height; it should not change with scarp height if downslope movement is solely determined by surface gradient (to the first power). Soil wash appears to be responsible for this departure from the diffusion-equation model, for transport rate by soil wash is a function of scarp size (height).</p><p>South-facing scarps are less vegetated and more degraded than north-facing scarps. For scarps 2 m high, the degradation rate (<i>c</i>*) on S-facing scarps is 2 times that on N-facing scarps; for 10-m scarps, it is 5 times.</p><p>The observed dependence of the rate coefficient<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* on scarp height can be removed by normalizing<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* to values for west-facing scarps of the same height. The residual<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* values calculated by this method correlate well with differences in incident solar radiation resulting from the different scarp orientations and maximum gradients. This correlation demonstrates the importance of orientation on slope processes and their rates through the differences in freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture, and vegetative cover.</p><p>Scarp morphology may be used to estimate age, if one accounts for the effects of climate and for scarp height, orientation, and lithology. For example, using the dated Bonneville shoreline scarps for calibration and comparing only scarps of equal height, we estimate the Drum Mountains fault scarps to be 9,000 yr old. This age is about twice that produced by previous diffusion-equation calculations that have not accounted for the height as we have here, but it is the same as independent geologic estimates of their age.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Colman, S.M., 1986, Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 869-885, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":130783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              41.825459410226074\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59415057981727,\n              41.825459410226074\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59415057981727,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2002147,"text":"2002147 - 1986 - Modelling the transport of stored sediment in a gravel-bed river, northwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:52:22","indexId":"2002147","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":206,"text":"Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"159","title":"Modelling the transport of stored sediment in a gravel-bed river, northwestern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, H., Lamberson, R., and Madej, M.A., 1986, Modelling the transport of stored sediment in a gravel-bed river, northwestern California: Publication 159, p. 367-392.","productDescription":"p. 367-392","startPage":"367","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamberson, R.","contributorId":85538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007624,"text":"1007624 - 1986 - Seed predation by yucca moths on semelparous, iteroparous and vegetatively reproducing subspecies of Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T17:57:50.996571","indexId":"1007624","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed predation by yucca moths on semelparous, iteroparous and vegetatively reproducing subspecies of Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae)","docAbstract":"<p><span><i>Yucca whipplei</i> subspecies are distinguished by differences in reproduction: spp. <i>whipplei</i> and ssp. <i>parishii</i> are semelparous, flowering once and dying; ssp. <i>caespitosa</i> is iteroparous, producing multiple rosettes which may flower in different years; ssp. <i>percursa</i> has clonal reproduction from rhizomes, and ssp. <i>intermedia</i> is intermediate to the latter two. Seed loss due to the symbiotic yucca moth <i>Tegeticula maculata</i> was not evenly distributed among subspecies, nor was such predation correlated with the mode of reproduction. Rather, the number of moth larvae per capsule was significantly negatively correlated with distance from the coast and average annual temperature. The number of larvae per capsule varied from 0-14. All subspecies had a percentage of fruits lacking larvae; this percentage was largest in the two semelparous subspecies where nearly half of their fruits were without larvae. There is some evidence that this is the result of egg or larval mortality early in development. Within an inflorescence, larvae in individuals of some subspecies showed a highly clumped dispersion and others a highly uniform dispersion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.2307/2425831","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Keeley, S.C., and Ikeda, D.A., 1986, Seed predation by yucca moths on semelparous, iteroparous and vegetatively reproducing subspecies of Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae): American Midland Naturalist, v. 115, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.2307/2425831.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Sterling C.","contributorId":112968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Sterling","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikeda, D. A.","contributorId":9115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikeda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013961,"text":"1013961 - 1986 - A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:14:13.797759","indexId":"1013961","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cole, C., Griswold, C., Henderson, V., Hester, E., Modde, T., Noble, R., Pardue, G., Parker, N., Peterson, D., and Royce, W., 1986, A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee: Fisheries, v. 11, no. 6, p. 22-28.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-11-6"},{"id":132129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a95f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, C.F.","contributorId":72340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griswold, C.","contributorId":99938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, V.","contributorId":10383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hester, E.","contributorId":27013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Modde, T.","contributorId":98243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modde","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noble, R.L.","contributorId":98685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pardue, G.","contributorId":73159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardue","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peterson, D.C.","contributorId":38111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Royce, W.F.","contributorId":102841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royce","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":38487,"text":"pp1403B - 1986 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:59:22.807123","indexId":"pp1403B","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Floridan aquifer system of the Southeastern United States is comprised of a thick sequence of carbonate rocks that are mostly of Paleocene to early Miocene age and that are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The aquifer system consists of a single vertically continuous permeable unit updip and of two major permeable zones (the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers) separated by one of seven middle confining units downdip. Neither the boundaries of the aquifer system or of its component high- and low-permeability zones necessarily conform to either formation boundaries or time-stratigraphic breaks. The rocks that make up the Floridan aquifer system, its upper and lower confining units, and a surficial aquifer have been separated into several chronostratigraphic units. The external and internal geometry of these stratigraphic units is presented on a series of structure contour and isopach maps and by a series of geohydrologic cross sections and a fence diagram. Paleocene through middle Eocene units consist of an updip clastic facies and a downdip carbonate bank facies, that extends progressively farther north and east in progressively younger units. Upper Eocene and Oligocene strata are predominantly carbonate rocks throughout the study area. Miocene and younger strata are mostly clastic rocks. Subsurface data show that some modifications in current stratigraphic nomenclature are necessary. First, the middle Eocene Lake City Limestone cannot be distinguished lithologically or faunally from the overlying middle Eocene Avon Park 'Limestone.' Accordingly, it is proposed that the term Lake City be abandoned and the term Avon Park Formation be applied to the entire middle Eocene carbonate section of peninsular Florida and southeastern Georgia. A reference well section in Levy County, Fla., is proposed for the expanded Avon Park Formation. The Avon Park is called a 'formation' more properly than a 'limestone' because the unit contains rock types other than limestone. Second, like the Avon Park, the lower Eocene Oldsmar and Paleocene Cedar Keys 'Limestones' of peninsular Florida practically everywhere contain rock types other than limestone. It is therefore proposed that these units be referred to more accurately as Oldsmar Formation and Cedar Keys Formation. The uppermost hydrologic unit in the study area is a surficial aquifer that can be divided into (1) a fluvial sand-and-gravel aquifer in southwestern Alabama and westernmost panhandle Florida, (2) limestone and sandy limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern peninsular Florida, and (3) a thin blanket of terrace and fluvial sands elsewhere. The surficial aquifer is underlain by a thick sequence of fine clastic rocks and low-permeability carbonate rocks, most of which are part of the middle Miocene Hawthorn Formation and all of which form the upper confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system. In places, the upper confining unit has been removed by erosion or is breached by sinkholes. Water in the Floridan aquifer system thus occurs under unconfined, semiconfined, or fully confined conditions, depending upon the presence, thickness, and integrity of the upper confining unit. Within the Floridan aquifer system, seven low permeability zones of subregional extent split the aquifer system in most places into an Upper and Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of all or parts of rocks of Oligocene age, late Eocene age, and the upper half of rocks of middle Eocene age, is highly permeable. The middle confining units that underlie the Upper Floridan are mostly of middle Eocene age but may be as young as Oligocene or as old as early Eocene. Where no middle confining unit exists, the entire aquifer system is comprised of permeable rocks and for hydrologic discussions is treated as the Upper Floridan aquifer.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403B","usgsCitation":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina; 1986; PP; 1403-B; Miller, James A.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 91 p.; 34 Plates: 53.53 x 30.58 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420161,"rank":36,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":28149,"text":"wri854068 - 1986 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:11:33.502893","indexId":"wri854068","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4068","title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>A 5-year, data-collection and modeling study was conducted on Pheasant Branch basin in and near Middleton, Wisconsin. The objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the streamflow characteristics, sediment transport, and stream-channel morphology in the Pheasant Branch basin; and (2) relate the above factors to changes caused by urbanization and project the effect of urbanization on the hydrology and channel morphology of the study area.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Streamflow data were collected at five sites for 4 years in the basin to defme present streamflow conditions. Suspended-sediment data also were collected at these sites. In addition, periodic surveys of monumented channel cross sections were made and compared with a survey from an earlier study to document changes in the channel over a period of 10 years.</p>\n<p>The suspended-sediment data show a decrease in suspended-sediment load through the fully urbanized reach of the stream in 3 of the 4 years studied. This corresponds with the slight net decrease in cross-section area in this reach for the same period. Possible explanations for the decrease in suspended-sediment loads through this reach include (1) sediment being trapped at the five drop structures and the Park Street erosion-control structure and (2) sediment being deposited in overbank areas throughout the reach. Farther downstream, the suspended-sediment load decreased through the Pheasant Branch marsh during a year of high flow but increased through the marsh in 2 of the 3 years for which complete data are available. The marsh is not acting as a net sediment trap in some years.</p>\n<p>A rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and verified for the basin upstream from U.S. Highway 12. This model was used to simulate 68 years of summer flood hydrographs for three conditions: Current land use, projected urban development, and complete urban development of all lands in the basin. Analysis of simulated flood flows indicates that projected urban development would double the mean annual flood peaks at U.S. Highway 12. Complete development of the basin would increase the mean annual flood peak by a factor of 2.4.</p>\n<p>From 1971 to 1977, the mean streambed elevation lowered by almost 2 feet, and the mean channel width increased by more than 35 percent in the reach downstream from the fully urbanized part of the basin. In other reaches, the mean streambed elevation lowered by more than a foot. Changes in channel cross sections after 1977 were smaller.</p>\n<p>Increases in flood flow would tend to enlarge the channel. An increase in the mean annual flood by a factor of 2. 0 to 2.4 will cause a 40 to 50 percent increase in channel width and a 30 to 40 percent increase in channel depth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey and the City of Middleton","usgsCitation":"Krug, W., and Goddard, G.L., 1986, Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4068, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854068.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415474,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36247.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.589,\n              43.049\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.589,\n              43.16\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.469,\n              43.16\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.469,\n              43.049\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.589,\n              43.049\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, W.R.","contributorId":23147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, G. L.","contributorId":10442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29212,"text":"wri854013 - 1986 - Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T21:03:03.221404","indexId":"wri854013","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4013","title":"Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The water resources of the Montauk area were investigated from October 1980 through September 1983 to assess the availability of fresh groundwater. The principal aquifer, which consists of fine- to coarse-grained stratified glacial drift, is the sole source of freshwater. The freshwater/saltwater interface lies as much as 150 ft below sea level, but the till unit and the marine-clay unit limit the thickness of the zone from which freshwater may easily be withdrawn to &lt; 100 ft in most places. Precipitation, the sole source of freshwater in the Montauk area , averages about 42 in/yr. Direct runoff is approximately 1 in/yr, and evapotranspiration about 20 in/yr; the remaining 21 inches is the net recharge to the principal aquifer. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity, as calculated from specific-capacity data, ranges from 130 to 350 ft/d. Analysis of an aquifer pumping test indicates that horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the principal aquifer is approximately 275 ft/d and the vertical hydraulic conductivity is approximately 90 ft/d; the storage coefficient ranges from 1.1 x .001 to 2.2 x .001. A numerical two-dimensional flow model that simulates the areal flow of fresh- and saltwater was developed to evaluate the effects of the present level of groundwater development and the potential effects of increased future withdrawals. Model results indicate that the principal aquifer is capable of producing several times more than the 0.6 mil gal/d now being withdrawn for public supply. Examination of well design and pumping rates, and analysis of analog-model studies of saltwater upconing to wells, indicate that the peak pumping rate of public supply wells exceeds the limit necessary to avoid contamination from saltwater. With proper well design and distribution of pumping stress, the aquifer system would be capable of supplying enough water to meet the needs of the population projected through 1995.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854013","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., 1986, Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4013, Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 31.95 x 14.55 inches and 34.29 x 21.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854013.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 31.95 x 14.55 inches and 34.29 x 21.12 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36208.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58069,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island, Montauk area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.854,\n              41.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.042,\n              41.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.042,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.854,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.854,\n              41.083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, K. R.","contributorId":7328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27169,"text":"wri864180 - 1986 - Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T18:25:22.645995","indexId":"wri864180","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4180","title":"Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data for nine constituents collected from January 1976 through March 1984 in upper Charlotte Harbor were examined for evidence of trend (change) with time. Average seasonal patterns and moving averages were described to aid initial descriptions of variation. Multilinear regression models were developed using independent variables that are known to or that may affect variation of constituent. A nonparametric analysis (Seasonal Kendall test) was used as a different approach to determine trends. These results were generally consistent with the parametric analyses. Evidence suggested an increasing trend for temperature and orthophosphate and a decreasing trend for near-surface dissolved oxygen. The temperature trend was related to low winter temperatures early in the period. The orthophosphate trend was related to a major source, the Peace River. The source of the dissolved oxygen trend was not identified, but a relation with primary producers (phytoplankton) was likely. Evidence of a trend was not found for total phosphate, reactive silica, and organic nitrogen. Trend analysis for chloride appeared complicated by strong serial correlation, and the tentative conclusion was that no trend occurred. Nitrate plus nitrite and ammonia data contained too many values that were less than detection limits, and trend analysis could not be made.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864180","usgsCitation":"Fraser, T.H., 1986, Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4180, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864180.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415854,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49213.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              26.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25,\n              26.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25,\n              26.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              26.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              26.9167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63eff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, T. H.","contributorId":46130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015094,"text":"70015094 - 1986 - Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:30:11","indexId":"70015094","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many parts of the Great Basin have thick zones of unsaturated alluvium which might be suitable for disposing of high-level radioactive wastes. A mathematical model accounting for the coupled transport of energy, water (vapor and liquid), and dry air was used to analyze one-dimensional, vertical transport above and below an areally extensive repository. Numerical simulations were conducted for a hypothetical repository containing spent nuclear fuel and located 100 m below land surface. Initial steady state downward water fluxes of zero (hydrostatic) and 0.0003 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>were considered in an attempt to bracket the likely range in natural water flux. Predicted temperatures within the repository peaked after approximately 50 years and declined slowly thereafter in response to the decreasing intensity of the radioactive heat source. The alluvium near the repository experienced a cycle of drying and rewetting in both cases. The extent of the dry zone was strongly controlled by the mobility of liquid water near the repository under natural conditions. In the case of initial hydrostatic conditions, the dry zone extended approximately 10 m above and 15 m below the repository. For the case of a natural flux of 0.0003 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>the relative permeability of water near the repository was initially more than 30 times the value under hydrostatic conditions, consequently the dry zone extended only about 2 m above and 5 m below the repository. In both cases a significant perturbation in liquid saturation levels persisted for several hundred years. This analysis illustrates the extreme sensitivity of model predictions to initial conditions and parameters, such as relative permeability and moisture characteristic curves, that are often poorly known.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i005p00765","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 1986, Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 5, p. 765-775, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i005p00765.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"775","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf58e4b0c8380cd8753a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015095,"text":"70015095 - 1986 - RAINFALL-LOSS PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR ILLINOIS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015095","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RAINFALL-LOSS PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR ILLINOIS.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey is currently conducting an investigation to estimate values of parameters for two rainfall-loss computation methods used in a commonly used flood-hydrograph model. Estimates of six rainfall-loss parameters are required: four for the Exponential Loss-Rate method and two for the Initial and Uniform Loss-Rate method. Multiple regression analyses on calibrated data from 616 storms at 98 gaged basins are being used to develop parameter-estimating techniques for these six parameters at ungaged basins in Illinois. Parameter-estimating techniques are being verified using data from a total of 105 storms at 35 uncalibrated gaged basins.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L.S., and Ishii, A., 1986, RAINFALL-LOSS PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR ILLINOIS., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 682-689.","startPage":"682","endPage":"689","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9322e4b0c8380cd80c2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, Linda S. lsweiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Linda","email":"lsweiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ishii, Audrey L. alishii@usgs.gov","contributorId":1818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Audrey L.","email":"alishii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015110,"text":"70015110 - 1986 - RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015110","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA.","docAbstract":"Subsurface freshwater storage has been operationally tested at seven sites in central and south Florida. Injection was into a high chloride water aquifer at six sites, and into a high sulfate water aquifer at the seventh. Recovery efficiency has ranged from 0 to 75 percent in high chloride water aquifers, and has exceeded 100 percent in the high sulfate water aquifer. Computer modeling techniques were used to examine the geohydrologic, design, and management factors governing the recovery efficiency of subsurface freshwater storage. The modeling approach permitted many combinations of geohydrologic and operational conditions to be studied at relatively low cost.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1986, RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 251-260.","startPage":"251","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9336e4b0c8380cd80c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Michael L.","contributorId":29392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015114,"text":"70015114 - 1986 - SIMULATION OF FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS FOR GEORGIA STREAMS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015114","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SIMULATION OF FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS FOR GEORGIA STREAMS.","docAbstract":"Flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures and embankments. A method for simulating these flood hydrographs at urban and rural ungauged sites in Georgia is presented. The O'Donnell method was used to compute unit hydrographs from 355 flood events from 80 stations. An average unit hydrograph and an average lag time were computed for each station. These average unit hydrographs were transformed to unit hydrographs having durations of one-fourth, one-third, one-half, and three-fourths lag time and then reduced to dimensionless terms by dividing the time by lag time and the discharge by peak discharge. Hydrographs were simulated for these 355 flood events and their widths were compared with the widths of the observed hydrographs at 50 and 75 percent of peak flow. For simulating hydrographs at sites larger than 500 mi**2, the U. S. Geological Survey computer model CONROUT can be used.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transportation Research Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"Inman, E.J., and Armbruster, J., 1986, SIMULATION OF FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS FOR GEORGIA STREAMS.: Transportation Research Record, p. 15-23.","startPage":"15","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf57e4b0c8380cd87534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, E. J.","contributorId":44193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armbruster, J.T.","contributorId":101622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}