The systematics of the Meni di a complex have been evaluated by Johnson (1975), who could not distinguish biochemical differences between ~. beryllina and M. audens, and by Chernoff et al. (1981), who concluded that M. audens is conspecific with ~. beryllina. The two species have since been synonymized as ~. beryllina, the inland silverside. The result is a considerable extension of ~. beryllina's range into freshwater habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, M.P., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Inland silverside: FWS/OBS 82/10.120, vi, 25 p.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64984c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, Michael P.","contributorId":63487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015563,"text":"70015563 - 1986 - Bajada de Rahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina: An interstadial deposit in northern Patagonia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-13T13:38:36.201694","indexId":"70015563","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bajada de Rahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina: An interstadial deposit in northern Patagonia","docAbstract":"Pollen and diatom analyses of a radiocarbon dated lacustrine section in the temperate Andean region of Argentina (Rahue, Province Neuquen) suggest interglacial type climatic conditions between 27,000 and 33,000 yr B.P., with environments that resemble the modern conditions at the locality. This finding correlates with a woodland record from central Chile, interpreted as reflecting conditions substantially warmer and drier prior to 27,000 yr B.P. than during the following full-glacial period. It also appears to relate to the global paleoclimatic scheme derived from deep-sea records, suggesting interhemispheric synchroneity of such broad-scale palaeoclimatic phases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(86)90097-0","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Markgraf, V., Bradbury, J., and Fernandez, J., 1986, Bajada de Rahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina: An interstadial deposit in northern Patagonia: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 56, no. 3-4, p. 251-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90097-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"258","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"northern Patagonia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.71610663693028,\n -42.769406541950055\n ],\n [\n -70.71610663693028,\n -45.30671312372499\n ],\n [\n -67.31859912003154,\n -45.30671312372499\n ],\n [\n -67.31859912003154,\n -42.769406541950055\n ],\n [\n -70.71610663693028,\n -42.769406541950055\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa8e4b0c8380cd4a3a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markgraf, Vera","contributorId":104228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markgraf","given":"Vera","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, J.","contributorId":46229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015724,"text":"70015724 - 1986 - Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:02:10.799323","indexId":"70015724","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration","docAbstract":"Sediment gravity flow deposition along the deep-water flanks of carbonate platforms typically does not produce submarine fans. Rather, wedge-shaped carbonate aprons develop parallel to the adjacent shelf/slope break. The major difference between submarine fans and carbonate aprons is a point source with channelized sedimentation on fans, versus a line source with sheet-flow sedimentation on aprons.
Two types of carbonate aprons may develop. Along relatively gentle (< 4°) platform-margin slopes, aprons form immediately adjacent to the shallow-water platform and are referred to as carbonate slope aprons. Along relatively steep (4–15°) platform margin slopes, redeposited limestones accumulate in a base-of-slope setting, by-passing an upper slope via a multitude of small submarine canyons, and are referred to as carbonate base-of-slope aprons. Both apron types are further subdivided into inner and outer facies belts. Inner apron sediments consist of thick, mud-supported conglomerates and megabreccias (Facies F) as well as thick, coarse-grained turbidites (Facies A) interbedded with subordinate amounts of fine-grained, peri-platform ooze (Facies G). Outer apron sediments consist of thinner, grain-supported conglomerates and turbidites (Facies A) as well as classical turbidites (Facies C) with recognizable Bouma divisions, interbedded with approximately equal proportions of peri-platform ooze (Facies G). Seaward, aprons grade laterally into basinal facies of thin, base-cut-out carbonate turbidites (Facies D) that are subordinate to peri-platform oozes (Facies G). Carbonate base-of-slope aprons grade shelfward into an upper slope facies of fine-grained peri-platform ooze (Facies G) cut by numerous small canyons that are filled with coarse debris, as well as intraformational truncation surfaces which result from submarine sliding. In contrast, slope aprons grade shelfward immediately into shoal-water, platform-margin facies without an intervening by-pass slope. The two carbonate apron models presented here offer alternatives to the submarine-fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration for mass-transported carbonate facies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(86)90080-1","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Mullins, H., and Cook, H.E., 1986, Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration: Sedimentary Geology, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 37-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(86)90080-1.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f36de4b0c8380cd4b7de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullins, H.T.","contributorId":76881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"H.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, H. E.","contributorId":18782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015106,"text":"70015106 - 1986 - Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T16:41:37.724639","indexId":"70015106","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems","docAbstract":"Groundwater flow models have become almost a routine tool of the practicing hydrologist. Yet, surprisingly little attention has been given to true verification analysis of studies using these models. This paper examines predictions for 1982 of water-level declines and streamflow depletions that were made in 1965 using an electric analog groundwater model of the Blue River basin in southeastern Nebraska. Analysis of the model's predictions suggests that the analog model used too low an estimate of net groundwater withdrawals, yet overestimated water-level declines. The model predicted that almost all of the net groundwater pumpage would come from storage in the Pleistocene aquifer within the Blue River basin. It appears likely that the model underestimated the contributions of other sources of water to the pumpage, and that the aquifer storage coefficients used in the model were too low. There is some evidence that groundwater pumpage has had a greater than predicted effect on streamflow. Considerable uncertainty about the basic conceptualization of the hydrology of the Blue River basin greatly limits the reliability of groundwater models developed for the basin. The paper concludes with general perspectives on groundwater modeling gained from this post-audit analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90058-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Emery, P.A., 1986, Groundwater model of the Blue River basin, Nebraska-Twenty years later: Journal of Hydrology, v. 85, no. 3-4, p. 225-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90058-2.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Blue River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.95009987605386,\n 41.428729545197314\n ],\n [\n -98.95009987605386,\n 40.049780894036104\n ],\n [\n -97.22563000651064,\n 40.049780894036104\n ],\n [\n -97.22563000651064,\n 41.428729545197314\n ],\n [\n -98.95009987605386,\n 41.428729545197314\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2daae4b0c8380cd5bf94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015631,"text":"70015631 - 1986 - Groundwater flow into Lake Michigan from Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:08:31.924749","indexId":"70015631","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow into Lake Michigan from Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Detailed hydrogeological study has been done at six sites along the Lake Michigan shoreline in Wisconsin. At each site a flux of groundwater to the lake has been calculated for both natural conditions and the existing conditions created by pumping. The values from each site have then been extrapolated to the entire portion of the total shoreline having similar hydrogeology in order to calculate a total flow of groundwater to the lake. Sensitivity analysis with a digital model was used to define limits on the similarity of hydrogeologic conditions.
The net flow calculated is 580–880 m3 day−1 km−1 of shoreline, which falls within the previously published range of 110–8200 m3 day−1 km−1. Human activity may have reduced the natural flow as much as 15%. The estimated natural flow is between 7 and 11% of the surface water contribution to the lake from the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90126-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cherkauer, D., and Hensel, B., 1986, Groundwater flow into Lake Michigan from Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 84, no. 3-4, p. 261-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90126-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"271","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.29697155974961,\n 45.254760089058976\n ],\n [\n -87.89261675173874,\n 45.254760089058976\n ],\n [\n -87.89261675173874,\n 42.57857557165951\n ],\n [\n -87.29697155974961,\n 42.57857557165951\n ],\n [\n -87.29697155974961,\n 45.254760089058976\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da2e4b0c8380cd5bf6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherkauer, D.S.","contributorId":62756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkauer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensel, B.R.","contributorId":83669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015687,"text":"70015687 - 1986 - River meanders and channel size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:13:08.595739","indexId":"70015687","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River meanders and channel size","docAbstract":"This study uses an enlarged data set to (1) compare measured meander geometry to that predicted by the Langbein and Leopold (1966) theory, (2) examine the frequency distribution of the ratio radius of curvature/channel width, and (3) derive 40 empirical equations (31 of which are original) involving meander and channel size features. The data set, part of which comes from publications by other authors, consists of 194 sites from a large variety of physiographic environments in various countries. The Langbein-Leopold sine-generated-curve theory for predicting radius of curvature agrees very well with the field data (78 sites). The ratio radius of curvature/channel width has a modal value in the range of 2 to 3, in accordance with earlier work; about one third of the 79 values is less than 2.0. The 40 empirical relations, most of which include only two variables, involve channel cross-section dimensions (bankfull area, width, and mean depth) and meander features (wavelength, bend length, radius of curvature, and belt width). These relations have very high correlation coefficients, most being in the range of 0.95-0.99. Although channel width traditionally has served as a scale indicator, bankfull cross-sectional area and mean depth also can be used for this purpose.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90202-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1986, River meanders and channel size: Journal of Hydrology, v. 88, no. 1-2, p. 147-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90202-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"164","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadb1e4b0c8380cd86f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, G. P.","contributorId":97472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015650,"text":"70015650 - 1986 - A comparison of the coupled fresh water-salt water flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg sharp interface approaches to modeling of transient behavior in coastal aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:30:13.223878","indexId":"70015650","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the coupled fresh water-salt water flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg sharp interface approaches to modeling of transient behavior in coastal aquifer systems","docAbstract":"A quasi-three dimensional finite difference model which simulates coupled, fresh water and salt water flow, separated by a sharp interface, is used to investigate the effects of storage characteristics, transmissivity, boundary conditions and anisotropy on the transient responses of such flow systems. The magnitude and duration of the departure of aquifer response from the behavior predicted using the Ghyben-Herzberg, one-fluid approach is a function of the ease with which flow can be induced in the salt water region. In many common hydrogeologic settings short-term fresh water head responses, and transitional responses between short-term and long-term, can only be realistically reproduced by including the effects of salt water flow on the dynamics of coastal flow systems. The coupled fresh water-salt water flow modeling approach is able to reproduce the observed annual fresh water head response of the Waialae aquifer of southeastern Oahu, Hawaii.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90012-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., 1986, A comparison of the coupled fresh water-salt water flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg sharp interface approaches to modeling of transient behavior in coastal aquifer systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 1-2, p. 169-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90012-0.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.2928500311901,\n 21.77866910239088\n ],\n [\n -158.2928500311901,\n 21.230143945209946\n ],\n [\n -157.626889717843,\n 21.230143945209946\n ],\n [\n -157.626889717843,\n 21.77866910239088\n ],\n [\n -158.2928500311901,\n 21.77866910239088\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e377e4b0c8380cd46047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015711,"text":"70015711 - 1986 - A boundary element-Random walk model of mass transport in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:20:17.386258","indexId":"70015711","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A boundary element-Random walk model of mass transport in groundwater","docAbstract":"A boundary element solution to the convective mass transport in groundwater is presented. This solution produces a continuous velocity field and reduces the amount of data preparation time and bookkeeping.
By combining this solution and the random walk procedure, a convective-dispersive mass transport model is obtained. This model may be easily used to simulate groundwater contamination problems.
The accuracy of the boundary element model has been verified by reproducing the analytical solution to a two-dimensional convective mass transport problem. The method was also used to simulate a convective-dispersive problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90062-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kemblowski, M., 1986, A boundary element-Random walk model of mass transport in groundwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 85, no. 3-4, p. 305-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90062-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"318","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e32ce4b0c8380cd45e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemblowski, M.","contributorId":54340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemblowski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015068,"text":"70015068 - 1986 - Use of the chloride ion in determining hydrologic-basin water budgets - A 3-year case study in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:16:38.103513","indexId":"70015068","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the chloride ion in determining hydrologic-basin water budgets - A 3-year case study in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Measurement of chloride concentration and water equivalent in precipitation and recharge at a site can be extrapolated to determine available moisture in a nearby basin. This method also may be extrapolated to a basin with similar climatic characteristics if precipitation, vegetation, and topographic data are available. The average accuracy of the total of evaporation, recharge, and runoff (assuming no storage) was about 10% of total precipitation. Soil-moisture measurements indicate the entire 10% error in moisture balance can be attributed to annual changes in storage. Data requirements for the method are considerably less than data requirements for energy-budget methods to determine available moisture.
Potential applications of the method to hydrologic problem-solving are:
1. (1) Estimating total available moisture from chloride concentrations in groundwater or surface water or both.
2. (2) Modeling paleoclimate scenarios and evaluating their correctness by comparison with paleo-groundwater chloride concentrations.
3. (3) Providing an independent comparison for water budgets obtained by energy-budget methods. Obviously the method cannot be applied readily to systems with a lithologic source of chloride. Most systems primarily consisting of tuff, intrusive volcanic rock, nonmarine sediments, quartzite, and other metamorphic rocks will be suitable for application of the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90076-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H., Reddy, M., and Halm, D., 1986, Use of the chloride ion in determining hydrologic-basin water budgets - A 3-year case study in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 85, no. 1-2, p. 49-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90076-4.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.26236941271583,\n 37.973786790349635\n ],\n [\n -108.26236941271583,\n 37.32252264711801\n ],\n [\n -106.96577592186041,\n 37.32252264711801\n ],\n [\n -106.96577592186041,\n 37.973786790349635\n ],\n [\n -108.26236941271583,\n 37.973786790349635\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf9de4b08c986b329c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halm, D.R.","contributorId":54352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12343,"text":"ofr86480 - 1986 - Two-hundred years of hydrogeology in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T17:31:38","indexId":"ofr86480","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-480","title":"Two-hundred years of hydrogeology in the United States","docAbstract":"The Hydrogeology Division of the Geological Society of America (GSA) sponsored a symposium entitled ' Hydrogeology in the United States, 1776- 1976 ' at the annual meeting of the GSA on November 9, 1976. The symposium was organized to provide a forum for discussion of major eras in the history of American hydrogeology and to contribute to the bicentennial celebration of the founding of the United States. Presentations were broken down into 3 sections: The Early Era (with a tribute to Oscar E. Meinzer), 1776-1920; Meinzer Era, 1910-1940; and the Modern Era (including scientific advantages; the quantification of hydrogeology; geochemistry; surface and borehole geophysics; and hydrogeology, policy, and politics) 1940-1976. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86480","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., Lohman, S.W., and Chase, E., 1986, Two-hundred years of hydrogeology in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-480, vi, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86480.","productDescription":"vi, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0480/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0480/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6238a2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rosenshein, J.S.","contributorId":95082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenshein","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749492,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, E.B.","contributorId":100357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29259,"text":"wri854099 - 1986 - Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T13:58:00","indexId":"wri854099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4099","title":"Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","docAbstract":"A finite-difference model of ground-water flow within stratified drift in the 14-mile reach of the Susquehanna River valley from Binghamton west to the Tioga County line (including Johnson City, Endicott, and Vestal) has been developed. Outwash is the most permeable and extensive type of stratified drift in the valley but has only small saturated thickness except where it is downwarped beneath ice-block depressions. The outwash is commonly underlain by extensive beds of silt and clay deposited in proglacial lakes. Older ice-contact deposits are also extensive and provide the largest yields to wells but are highly variable in thickness and commonly siltier than the outwash. The ice-contact deposits seem to occur mainly as ridges that parallel the axis of major valleys and are buried beneath later lacustrine and outwash sediments.
The model simulates horizontal flow in two layers; the upper layer generally represents outwash, and the lower layer generally represents older ice-contact deposits. The model also simulates vertical flow between those layers through the beds of silt and clay or, where the two aquifer layers are in direct contact, through sand and gravel.
The model has been calibrated to reproduce observed water levels that represent steady-state conditions. Aquifer properties, recharge from several sources, river stage, and pumpage from several municipal and industrial well fields were calculated from data collected largely in 1981. Major streams were treated as constant specified heads in the upper layer. Data are available to refine the calibration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854099","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1986, Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4099, Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854099.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58107,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58108,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58109,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58110,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366617,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Broome County","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.13250732421875,\n 42.00542768820574\n ],\n [\n -75.84548950195312,\n 42.00542768820574\n ],\n [\n -75.84548950195312,\n 42.188846538629164\n ],\n [\n -76.13250732421875,\n 42.188846538629164\n ],\n [\n -76.13250732421875,\n 42.00542768820574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27245,"text":"wri864153 - 1986 - Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, and tritium movement at low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T21:29:02.151914","indexId":"wri864153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4153","title":"Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, and tritium movement at low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","docAbstract":"Groundwater flow and tritium movement are described at and near a low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois. Flow in the shallow aquifer is confined to three basins that ultimately drain into a stripmine lake. Most of the flow from the site is through a buried, pebbly sandfilled channel. Remaining flow is toward alluvium of an existing stream. Conceptual flow models for the two largest basins are used to improve definition of flow velocity and direction. Flow velocities range from about 25 to 2,500 ft/yr. Tritium was found in all three basins. The most extensive migration of tritium is coincident with buried channel. Tritium concentrations ranged from detection level to more than 300 nanocuries/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864153","usgsCitation":"Garklavs, G., and Healy, R.W., 1986, Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, and tritium movement at low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4153, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864153.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411452,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36580.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4153/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinios","city":"Sheffield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.796,\n 41.343\n ],\n [\n -89.796,\n 41.3360\n ],\n [\n -89.782,\n 41.3360\n ],\n [\n -89.782,\n 41.343\n ],\n [\n -89.796,\n 41.343\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garklavs, George","contributorId":87139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garklavs","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27173,"text":"wri864323 - 1986 - Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri864323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4323","title":"Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois","docAbstract":"To study the effects of urbanization on water quality, the relations of several stream processes to concentrations of dissolved oxygen and other constituents were evaluated during low-flow periods for a 30.1-mi reach of Richland Creek in southwestern Illinois. The study used both measured data and computer simulations. Reaeration rates and traveltimes were measured at various flow rates using a steady-state, gas-tracer technique. Sediment-oxygen demands were measured at several locations throughout the study reach. Stream discharge, stage, temperature, and chemical-constituent concentrations were measured during two 24-hr periods in July and August 1984. The data were then used to describe water quality and to calibrate and verify the QUAL-II one-dimensional, steady-state, water quality model. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864323","usgsCitation":"Freeman, W., and Schmidt, A., 1986, Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4323, vii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864323.","productDescription":"vii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4323/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56048,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4323/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, A.R.","contributorId":79898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27174,"text":"wri854344 - 1986 - Assessment of low-flow water quality in the Du Page River, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri854344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4344","title":"Assessment of low-flow water quality in the Du Page River, Illinois","docAbstract":"The relations of several stream processes to concentrations of dissolved oxygen and other constituents during low-flow periods were evaluated for a 70.3-mile reach of the Du Page River in northeastern Illinois, using measured data and computer simulations. Reaeration rates and traveltimes were measured at various flow rates using a steady-state gas-tracer technique. Stream discharge, stage, temperature, and chemical constituent concentrations were measured during two 24-hour periods in July and August 1983. These data were used to describe water quality and to calibrate and verify the QUAL-II one dimensional, steady-state, water quality model. Dissolved oxygen concentrations did not meet the State water quality standards in several subreaches of the Du Page River. Concentrations were consistently below the State minimum dissolved oxygen standard in the downstream 8 miles of the East Branch Du Page River. Model simulations indicate that although ammonia oxidation played a role in the dissolved oxygen depletion, the primary factor was sediment oxygen demand. Other measured chemical constituents that did not comply with the State water quality standards in several subreaches of the river included ammonia, iron, fluoride, and total dissolved solids. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854344","usgsCitation":"Freeman, W., Schmidt, A., and Stamer, J., 1986, Assessment of low-flow water quality in the Du Page River, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4344, viii, 98 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854344.","productDescription":"viii, 98 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56049,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, A.R.","contributorId":79898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamer, J. K.","contributorId":47753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamer","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39657,"text":"pp1385 - 1986 - A model for the plastic flow of landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:56","indexId":"pp1385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1385","title":"A model for the plastic flow of landslides","docAbstract":"To further the understanding of the mechanics of landslide flow, we present a model that predicts many of the observed attributes of landslides. The model is based on an integration of the hyperbolic differential equations for stress and velocity fields in a two-dimensional, inclined, semi-infinite half-space of Coulomb plastic material under elevated pore pressure and gravity. \r\n\r\nOur landslide model predicts commonly observed features. For example, compressive (passive), plug, or extending (active) flow will occur under appropriate longitudinal strain rates. Also, the model predicts that longitudinal stresses increase elliptically with depth to the basal slide plane, and that stress and velocity characteristics, surfaces along which discontinuities in stress and velocity are propagated, are coincident. Finally, the model shows how thrust and normal faults develop at the landslide surface in compressive and extending flow.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1385","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., and Smith, W.K., 1986, A model for the plastic flow of landslides: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1385, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1385.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, William K.","contributorId":23544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29576,"text":"wri844321 - 1986 - Design, operation, and monitoring capability of an experimental artificial-recharge facility at East Meadow, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri844321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4321","title":"Design, operation, and monitoring capability of an experimental artificial-recharge facility at East Meadow, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Artificial recharge with tertiary-treated sewage is being tested at East Meadow to evaluate the physical and chemical effects on the groundwater system. The recharge facility contains 11 recharge basins and 5 injection wells and is designed to accept 4 million gallons of reclaimed water per day. Of the 11 basins, 7 are recently constructed and will accept 0.5 million gallons per day each. An observation manhole (12-foot inside diameter and extending 16 feet below the basin floor) was installed in each of two basins to enable monitoring and sampling of percolating reclaimed water in the unsaturated zone with instruments such as tensiometers, gravity lysimeters, thermocouples, and soil-gas samplers. Five shallow (100-feet deep) injection wells will each return 0.5 million gallons per day to the groundwater reservoir. Three types of injection-well design are being tested; the differences are in the type of gravel pack around the well screen. When clogging at the well screen occurs, redevelopment should restore the injection capability. Flow to the basins and wells is regulated by automatic flow controllers in which a desired flow rate is maintained by electronic sensors. Basins can also operate in a constant-head mode in which a specified head is maintained in the basin automatically. An observation-well network consisting of 2-inch- and 6-inch-diameter wells was installed within a 1-square-mile area at the recharge facility to monitor aquifer response and recharge. During 48 days of operation within a 17-week period (October 1982 through January 1983), 88.5 million gallons of reclaimed water was applied to the shallow water table aquifer through the recharge basins. A 4.29-foot-high groundwater mound developed during a 14-day test; some water level increase associated with the mound was detected 1,000 ft from the basins. Preliminary water quality data from wells affected by reclaimed water show evidence that mechanisms of mixing, dilution, and dispersion are affecting chemical concentrations of certain constituents, such as nitrogen and trichloroethane, in the shallow aquifer beneath the recharge area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844321","usgsCitation":"Schneider, B., and Oaksford, E., 1986, Design, operation, and monitoring capability of an experimental artificial-recharge facility at East Meadow, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4321, vi, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844321.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58404,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4321/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, B.J.","contributorId":93539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oaksford, E. T.","contributorId":64284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oaksford","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29582,"text":"wri864144 - 1986 - Programmers manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri864144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4144","title":"Programmers manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model for simulating water-quality constituents such as temperature, dissolved oxygen , and suspended sediment in rivers is presented in this Programmers Manual. Lagrangian transport modeling techniques, the model 's subroutines, and the user-written decay-coefficient subroutine are discussed in detail. Appendices list the program codes. The Programmers Manual is intended for the model user who needs to modify code either to adapt the model to a particular need or to use reaction kinetics not provided with the model. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864144","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., and Jobson, H., 1986, Programmers manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4144, v, 101 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864144.","productDescription":"v, 101 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58410,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29585,"text":"wri864145 - 1986 - Users manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri864145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4145","title":"Users manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","docAbstract":"A Users Manual for the Lagrangian Transport Model (LTM) is presented. The LTM uses Lagrangian calculations that are based on a reference frame moving with the river flow. The Lagrangian reference frame eliminates the need to numerically solve the convective term of the convection-diffusion equation and provides significant numerical advantages over the more commonly used Eulerian reference frame. When properly applied, the LTM can simulate riverine transport and decay processes within the accuracy required by most water quality studies. The LTM is applicable to steady or unsteady one-dimensional unidirectional flows in fixed channels with tributary and lateral inflows. Application of the LTM is relatively simple and optional capabilities improve the model 's convenience. Appendices give file formats and three example LTM applications that include the incorporation of the QUAL II water quality model 's reaction kinetics into the LTM. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864145","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., and Jobson, H., 1986, Users manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4145, v, 95 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864145.","productDescription":"v, 95 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29094,"text":"wri864032 - 1986 - Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:33:07","indexId":"wri864032","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4032","title":"Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"The salinity front, locally known as the \"bad-water\" line, in the Edwards aquifer separates the freshwater from the salinewater and occurs where the aquifer is confined. The concentration of dissolved solids of the salinewater at the salinity front is 1,000 milligrams per liter. The concentration of dissolved solids in water within the freshwater zone of the aquifer usually ranges from 250 to 350 milligrams per liter. A digital model was used to investigate the potential movement of the salinity front by simulating the transport of salinewater into the freshwater zone as a result of pumping from the freshwater zone.
\nThe model simulations indicate that a large range in the quantity of solute transported from the salinewater zone into the freshwater zone is possible. This uncertainty is caused by the range of estimates of transmissivity, the magnitude of water-level decline, and porosity. Simulated transmissivity values for the Edwards aquifer within the salinewater zone ranged from 134 to 3,340 feet squared per day and resulted in potential lateral shifts of the salinity front from 16 to 425 feet updip into the fresh-water zone at the end of a 10-year simulation. A simulated decline in water levels from an altitude of 660 to 582 feet above sea level resulted in a potential lateral shift in the salinity front of 133 feet updip into the freshwater zone at the end of the 10-year simulation. Simulated porosity values from 1 to 20 percent resulted in lateral shifts of the salinity front from 42 to 854 feet updip into the freshwater zone at the end of the 10-year simulation. An evaluation of the results of the model simulations indicates that contamination created by the movement of saline-water into the freshwater zone of the Edwards aquifer will be limited to an are
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri864032","usgsCitation":"Perez, R., 1986, Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4032, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864032.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e6e4b07f02db4bbbf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perez, Roberto","contributorId":97114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29702,"text":"wri864197 - 1986 - Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri864197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4197","title":"Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio","docAbstract":"Methods are presented for estimating peak discharges, flood volumes and hydrograph shapes of small (less than 5 sq mi) urban streams in Ohio. Examples of how to use the various regression equations and estimating techniques also are presented. Multiple-regression equations were developed for estimating peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The significant independent variables affecting peak discharge are drainage area, main-channel slope, average basin-elevation index, and basin-development factor. Standard errors of regression and prediction for the peak discharge equations range from +/-37% to +/-41%. An equation also was developed to estimate the flood volume of a given peak discharge. Peak discharge, drainage area, main-channel slope, and basin-development factor were found to be the significant independent variables affecting flood volumes for given peak discharges. The standard error of regression for the volume equation is +/-52%. A technique is described for estimating the shape of a runoff hydrograph by applying a specific peak discharge and the estimated lagtime to a dimensionless hydrograph. An equation for estimating the lagtime of a basin was developed. Two variables--main-channel length divided by the square root of the main-channel slope and basin-development factor--have a significant effect on basin lagtime. The standard error of regression for the lagtime equation is +/-48%. The data base for the study was established by collecting rainfall-runoff data at 30 basins distributed throughout several metropolitan areas of Ohio. Five to eight years of data were collected at a 5-min record interval. The USGS rainfall-runoff model A634 was calibrated for each site. The calibrated models were used in conjunction with long-term rainfall records to generate a long-term streamflow record for each site. Each annual peak-discharge record was fitted to a Log-Pearson Type III frequency curve. Multiple-regression techniques were then used to analyze the peak discharge data as a function of the basin characteristics of the 30 sites. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864197","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, J.M., 1986, Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4197, viii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864197.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, J. M.","contributorId":83554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}