{"pageNumber":"1473","pageRowStart":"36800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70043314,"text":"fs20123099 - 2013 - Groundwater quality in the Madera and Chowchilla subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T15:29:16","indexId":"fs20123099","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3099","title":"Groundwater quality in the Madera and Chowchilla subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California’s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State’s untreated groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Madera and Chowchilla subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley constitute one of the study units being evaluated. The Madera-Chowchilla study unit is about 860 square miles and consists of the Madera and Chowchilla groundwater subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley Basin (California Department of Water Resources, 2003; Shelton and others, 2009). The study unit has hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters. Average annual rainfall ranges from 11 to 15 inches, most of which occurs between November and February. The main surface-water features in the study unit are the San Joaquin, Fresno, and Chowchilla Rivers, and the Madera and Chowchilla canals. Land use in the study unit is about 69 percent (%) agricultural, 28% natural (mainly grasslands), and 3% urban. The primary crops are orchards and vineyards. The largest urban area is the city of Madera. The primary aquifer system is defined as those parts of the aquifer corresponding to the perforated intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. In the Madera-Chowchilla study unit, these wells typically are drilled to depths between 200 and 800 feet, consist of a solid casing from land surface to a depth of about 140 to 400 feet, and are perforated below the solid casing. Water quality in the primary aquifer system may differ from that in the shallower and deeper parts of the aquifer system. The primary aquifer system in the study unit consists of Quaternary-age alluvial-fan and fluvial deposits that were formed by the rivers draining the Sierra Nevada. Sediments consist of gravels, sands, silts, and clays and generally are coarser closest to the Sierra Nevada and become finer towards the center of the basin. The structure and composition of the deposits in the Madera-Chowchilla study unit are different from those in other parts of the eastern San Joaquin Valley because the Fresno and Chowchilla Rivers primarily drain the Sierra Nevada foothills, whereas the larger rivers drain higher elevations with greater sediment supply. These differences in the sources of sediments are important because they may affect the groundwater chemistry and the physical structure of the sedimentary deposits. Some of the clay layers are lacustrine deposits, the most extensive of which, the Corcoran Clay, underlies the western part of the study unit and divides the primary aquifer system into an unconfined to semi-confined upper system and a largely confined lower system. Regional lateral flow of groundwater is southwest towards the valley trough. Irrigation return flows are the major source of groundwater recharge, and groundwater pumping is the major source of discharge. Groundwater on a lateral flow path may be repeatedly extracted by pumping wells and reapplied at the surface multiple times before reaching the valley trough, resulting in a substantial component of downward vertical flow (Burow and others, 2004; Phillips and others, 2007; Faunt, 2009). This flow pattern enhances movement of water from shallow depths to the primary aquifer system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123099","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2013, Groundwater quality in the Madera and Chowchilla subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3099, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123099.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267242,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3099/"},{"id":267243,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3099/pdf/fs20123099.pdf"},{"id":267244,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5094"},{"id":267245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3099.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Chowchilla;Madera","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.675,36.75 ], [ -120.675,37.2 ], [ -119.597,37.2 ], [ -119.597,36.75 ], [ -120.675,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a12dfe4b084e2824d68dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043313,"text":"sir20135001 - 2013 - Sources and characteristics of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, related to the formation of disinfection by-products in treated drinking water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:43:26","indexId":"sir20135001","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5001","title":"Sources and characteristics of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, related to the formation of disinfection by-products in treated drinking water","docAbstract":"This study characterized the amount and quality of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, to gain an understanding of sources that contribute to the formation of chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs), focusing on regulated DBPs in treated drinking water from two direct-filtration treatment plants that together serve approximately 100,000 customers. The central hypothesis guiding this study was that natural organic matter leaching out of the forested watershed, in-stream growth of benthic algae, and phytoplankton blooms in the reservoirs contribute different and varying proportions of organic carbon to the river. Differences in the amount and composition of carbon derived from each source affects the types and concentrations of DBP precursors entering the treatment plants and, as a result, yield varying DBP concentrations and species in finished water. The two classes of DBPs analyzed in this study-trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)-form from precursors within the dissolved and particulate pools of organic matter present in source water. The five principal objectives of the study were to (1) describe the seasonal quantity and character of organic matter in the Clackamas River; (2) relate the amount and composition of organic matter to the formation of DBPs; (3) evaluate sources of DBP precursors in the watershed; (4) assess the use of optical measurements, including in-situ fluorescence, for estimating dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and DBP formation; and (5) assess the removal of DBP precursors during treatment by conducting treatability \"jar-test\" experiments at one of the treatment plants. Data collection consisted of (1) monthly sampling of source and finished water at two drinking-water treatment plants; (2) event-based sampling in the mainstem, tributaries, and North Fork Reservoir; and (3) in-situ continuous monitoring of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM), turbidity, chlorophyll-<i>a</i>, and other constituents to continuously track source-water conditions in near real-time. Treatability tests were conducted during the four event-based surveys to determine the effectiveness of coagulant and powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the removal of DBP precursors. Sample analyses included DOC, total particulate carbon (TPC), total and dissolved nutrients, absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, and, for regulated DBPs, concentrations of THMs and HAAs in finished water and laboratory-based THM and HAA formation potentials (THMFP and HAAFP, respectively) for source water and selected locations throughout the watershed. The results of this study may not be typical given the record and near record amounts of precipitation that occurred during spring that produced streamflow much higher than average in 2010-11. Although there were algal blooms, lower concentrations of chlorophyll-<i>a</i> were observed in the water column during the study period compared to historical data. Concentrations of DBPs in finished (treated) water averaged 0.024 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for THMs and 0.022 mg/L for HAAs; maximum values were about 0.040 mg/L for both classes of DBPs. Although DBP concentrations were somewhat higher within the distribution system, none of the samples collected for this study or for the quarterly compliance monitoring by the water utilities exceeded levels permissible under existing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulations: 0.080 mg/L for THMs and 0.060 mg/L for HAAs. DOC concentrations were generally low in the Clackamas River, typically about 1.0-1.5 mg/L. Concentrations in the mainstem occasionally increased to nearly 2.5 mg/L during storms; DOC concentrations in tributaries were sometimes much higher (up to 7.8 mg/L). The continuous in-situ FDOM measurements indicated sharp rises in DOC concentrations in the mainstem following rainfall events; concentrations were relatively stable during summer base flow. Even though the first autumn storm mobilized appreciable quantities of carbon, higher concentrations of DBPs in finished water were observed 3-weeks later, after the ground was saturated from additional rainfall. The majority of the DOC in the lower Clackamas River appears to originate from the upper basin, suggesting terrestrial carbon was commonly the dominant source. Lower-basin tributaries typically contained the highest concentrations of DOC and DBP precursors and contributed substantially to the overall loads in the mainstem during storms. During low-flow periods, tributaries were not major sources of DOC or DBP precursors to the Clackamas River. Although the dissolved fraction of organic carbon contributed the majority of DBP precursors, at times the particulate fraction (inorganic sediment and organic particles including detritus and algal material) contributed a substantial fraction of DBP precursors. Considering just the main-stem sites, on average, 10 percent of THMFP and 32 percent of HAAFP were attributed to particulate carbon. This finding suggests water-treatment methods that remove particles prior to chlorination would reduce finished-water DBP concentrations to some degree. Overall, concentrations of THM and HAA precursors were closely linked to DOC concentrations; laboratory DBP formation potentials (DBPFPs) clearly showed that THMFP and HAAFP were greatest in the downstream tributaries that contained elevated carbon concentrations. However, carbon-normalized \"specific\" formation potentials for THMs and HAAs (STHMFP and SHAAFP, respectively) revealed changes in carbon character over time that affected the two types of DBP classes differently. HAA precursors were elevated in waters containing aromatic-rich soil-derived material arising from forested areas. In contrast, THM precursors were associated with carbon having a lower aromatic content; highest STHMFP occurred in autumn 2011 in the mainstem from North Fork Reservoir downstream to LO DWTP. This pattern suggests the potential for a link between THM precursors and algal-derived carbon. The highest STHMFP value was measured within North Fork Reservoir, indicating reservoir derived carbon may be important for this class of DBPs. Weak correlations between STHMFP and SHAAFP emphasize that precursor sources for these types of DBPs may be different. This highlights not only that different locations within the watershed produce carbon with different reactivity (specific DBPFP), but also that different management approaches for each class of DBP precursors could be required for control. Treatability tests conducted on source water during four basin-wide surveys demonstrated that an average of about 40 percent of DOC can be removed by coagulation. While the decrease in THMFP following coagulation was similar to DOC, the decrease in HAAFP was much greater (approximately 70 percent), indicating coagulation is particularly effective at removing HAA precursors'likely because of the aromatic nature of the carbon associated with HAA precursors. Several findings from this study have direct implications for managing drinking-water resources and for providing useful information that may help improve treatment-plant operations. For example, the use of in-situ fluorometers that measure FDOM provided an excellent proxy for DOC concentration in this system and revealed short-term, rapid changes in DOC concentration during storm events. In addition, the strong correlation between FDOM values measured in-situ and HAA5 concentrations in finished water may permit estimation of continuous HAA concentrations, as was done here. As part of this study, multiple in-situ FDOM sensors were deployed continuously and in real-time to characterize the composition of dissolved organic matter. Although the initial results were promising, additional research and engineering developments will be needed to demonstrate the full utility of these sensors for this purpose. In conclusion, although DBPFPs were strongly correlated to DOC concentration, some DBPs formed from particulate carbon, including terrestrial leaf material and algal material such as planktonic species of blue-green algae and sloughed filaments, stalks, and cells of benthic algae. Different precursor sources in the watershed were evident from the data, suggesting specific actions may be available to address some of these sources. In-situ measurements of FDOM proved to be an excellent proxy for DOC concentration as well as HAA formation during treatment, which suggests further development and refinement of these sensors have the potential to provide real-time information about complex watershed processes to operators at the drinking-water treatment plants. Follow-up studies could examine the relative roles that terrestrial and algal sources have on the DBP precursor pool to better understand how watershed-management activities may be affecting the transport of these compounds to Clackamas River drinking-water intakes. Given the low concentrations of algae in the water column during this study, additional surveys during more typical river conditions could provide a more complete understanding of how algae contribute DBP precursors. Further development of FDOM-sensor technology can improve our understanding of carbon dynamics in the river and how concentrations may be trending over time. This study was conducted in collaboration with Clackamas River Water and the City of Lake Oswego water utilities. Other research partners included Oregon Health and Science University in Hillsboro, Oregon, Alexin Laboratory in Tigard, Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program Laboratory in Denver, Colorado, and the U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Centers in Portland, Oregon, and Sacramento, California. This project was supported with funding from Clackamas River Water, City of Lake Oswego, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Water Research Foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clackamas River Water and the City of Lake Oswego","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., Kraus, T., Goldman, J.H., Saraceno, J., Downing, B.D., Bergamaschi, B., McGhee, G., and Triplett, T., 2013, Sources and characteristics of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, related to the formation of disinfection by-products in treated drinking water: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5001, Report: x, 78 p.; Appendixes: .XLSX file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135001.","productDescription":"Report: x, 78 p.; Appendixes: .XLSX file","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2013_5001.jpg"},{"id":267247,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5001/"},{"id":267248,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5001/sir20135001_Appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":267246,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5001/pdf/sir20135001.pdf"}],"projection":"State Plane, Zone 5076","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.611542,44.895769 ], [ -122.611542,45.388806 ], [ -121.738815,45.388806 ], [ -121.738815,44.895769 ], [ -122.611542,44.895769 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a12f1e4b084e2824d68e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":92410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Jami H. 0000-0001-5466-912X jgoldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-912X","contributorId":4848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Jami","email":"jgoldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGhee, Gordon","contributorId":80380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGhee","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Triplett, Tracy","contributorId":48844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triplett","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70043299,"text":"sir20125102 - 2013 - Prediction of suspended-sediment concentrations at selected sites in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T11:38:08","indexId":"sir20125102","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5102","title":"Prediction of suspended-sediment concentrations at selected sites in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 2008-09","docAbstract":"In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments, Colorado Water Conservation Board, Colorado Springs City Engineering, and the Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District, began a small-scale pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a computational model of streamflow and suspended-sediment transport for predicting suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the Fountain Creek watershed in Colorado. Increased erosion and sedimentation damage have been identified by the Fountain Creek Watershed Plan as key problems within the watershed. A recommendation in the Fountain Creek Watershed plan for management of the basin is to establish measurable criteria to determine if progress in reducing erosion and sedimentation damage is being made. The major objective of this study was to test a computational method to predict local suspended-sediment loads at two sites with different geomorphic characteristics in order to evaluate the feasibility of using such an approach to predict local suspended-sediment loads throughout the entire watershed. Detailed topographic surveys, particle-size data, and suspended-sediment samples were collected at two gaged sites: Monument Creek above Woodmen Road at Colorado Springs, Colorado (USGS gage 07103970), and Sand Creek above mouth at Colorado Springs, Colorado (USGS gage 07105600). These data were used to construct three-dimensional computational models of relatively short channel reaches at each site. The streamflow component of these models predicted a spatially distributed field of water-surface elevation, water velocity, and bed shear stress for a range of stream discharges. Using the model predictions, along with measured particle sizes, the sediment-transport component of the model predicted the suspended-sediment concentration throughout the reach of interest. These computed concentrations were used with predicted flow patterns and channel morphology to determine fluxes of suspended sediment for the median particle size and for the measured range of particle sizes in the channel. Three different techniques were investigated for making the suspended-sediment predictions; these techniques have varying degrees of reliance on measured data and also have greatly differing degrees of complexity. Based on these data, the calibrated Rouse method provided the best balance between accuracy and both computational and data collection costs; the presence of substantial washload was the primary factor in eliminating the simpler and the more complex techniques. Based on this work, using the selected technique at additional sites in the watershed to determine relative loads and source areas appears plausible. However, to ensure that the methodology presented in this report yields reasonable results at other selected sites in the basin, it is necessary to collect additional verification data sets at those locations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments, Colorado Water Conservation Board, Colorado Springs City Engineering, and Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Stogner, Nelson, J.M., McDonald, R.R., Kinzel, P.J., and Mau, D.P., 2013, Prediction of suspended-sediment concentrations at selected sites in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5102, vii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125102.","productDescription":"vii, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5102.gif"},{"id":267176,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5102/SIR12-5102.pdf"},{"id":267177,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5102/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fountain Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.0753,38.2387 ], [ -105.0753,39.1359 ], [ -104.2369,39.1359 ], [ -104.2369,38.2387 ], [ -105.0753,38.2387 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a12ede4b084e2824d68e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mau, David P. dpmau@usgs.gov","contributorId":457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mau","given":"David","email":"dpmau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043439,"text":"70043439 - 2013 - Malberg Mystery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T15:49:25","indexId":"70043439","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2093,"text":"International Wolf","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Malberg Mystery","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Wolf Center","publisherLocation":"Ely, Minnesotta","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., 2013, Malberg Mystery: International Wolf, v. 23, no. 1.","ipdsId":"IP-042417","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac33e4b08b1644d8f1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":104793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043297,"text":"sir20125094 - 2013 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Madera, Chowchilla Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T11:34:26","indexId":"sir20125094","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5094","subseriesTitle":"California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Madera, Chowchilla Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 860-square-mile Madera and Chowchilla Subbasins (Madera-Chowchilla study unit) of the San Joaquin Valley Basin was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in California's Central Valley region in parts of Madera, Merced, and Fresno Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The Project was designed to provide statistically robust assessments of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifer systems in California. The primary aquifer system within each study unit is defined by the depth of the perforated or open intervals of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database of wells used for municipal and community drinking-water supply. The quality of groundwater in shallower or deeper water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifer system; shallower groundwater may be more vulnerable to contamination from the surface. The assessments for the Madera-Chowchilla study unit were based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the USGS from 35 wells during April-May 2008 and water-quality data reported in the CDPH database. Two types of assessments were made: (1) <i>status</i>, assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) <i>understanding</i>, identification of natural factors and human activities affecting groundwater quality. The primary aquifer system is represented by the grid wells, of which 90 percent (%) had depths that ranged from about 200 to 800 feet (ft) below land surface and had depths to the top of perforations that ranged from about 140 to 400 ft below land surface. Relative-concentrations (sample concentrations divided by benchmark concentrations) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration (RC) greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration above a benchmark. RCs for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate) were classified as \"high\" (RC is greater than 1.0), \"moderate\" (RC is less than or equal to 1.0 and greater than 0.1), or \"low\" (RC is less than or equal to 0.1). For inorganic constituents (major and minor ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents), the boundary between low and moderate RCs was set at 0.5. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors; drinking-water benchmarks, and thus relative-concentrations, are used to provide context for the concentrations of constituents measured in groundwater. Aquifer-scale proportion was used in the status assessment as the primary metric for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with RCs greater than 1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions are defined as the percentages of the area of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low RCs, respectively. Percentages are based on an areal, rather than a volumetric basis. Two statistical approaches--grid-based, which used one value per grid cell, and spatially weighted, which used multiple values per grid cell--were used to calculate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. The spatially weighted estimates of high aquifer-scale proportions were within the 90% confidence intervals of the grid-based estimates for all constituents except iron. The status <i>assessment</i> showed that inorganic constituents had greater high and moderate aquifer-scale proportions in the Madera-Chowchilla study unit than did organic constituents. RCs for inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were high in 37% of the primary aquifer system, moderate in 30%, and low in 33%. The inorganic constituents contributing most to the high aquifer-scale proportion were arsenic (13%), uranium (17%), gross alpha particle activity (20%), nitrate (6.7%), and vanadium (3.3%). RCs for inorganic constituents with non-health-based benchmarks were high in 6.7% of the primary aquifer system, and the constituent contributing most to the high aquifer-scale proportion was total dissolved solids (TDS). RCs for organic constituents with health-based benchmarks were high in 10% of the primary aquifer system, moderate in 3.3%, and low in 40%; organic constituents were not detected in 47% of the primary aquifer system. The fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) was the only organic constituent detected at high RCs. Seven organic constituents were detected in 10% or more of the primary aquifer system: DBCP; the fumigant additive 1,2,3-trichloropropane; the herbicides simazine, atrazine, and diuron; the trihalomethane chloroform; and the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE). RCs for the special-interest constituent perchlorate were moderate in 20% of the primary aquifer system. The second component of this study, the <i>understanding assessment</i>, identified the natural and human factors that may affect groundwater quality by evaluating statistical correlations between water-quality constituents and potential explanatory factors, such as land use, position relative to important geologic features, groundwater age, well depth, and geochemical conditions in the aquifer. Results of the statistical evaluations were used to explain the distribution of constituents in the study unit. Depth to the top of perforations in the well and groundwater age were the most important explanatory factors for many constituents. High and moderate RCs of nitrate, uranium, and TDS and the presence of herbicides, trihalomethanes, and solvents were all associated with depths to the top of perforations less than 235 ft and modern- and mixed-age groundwater. Positive correlations between uranium, bicarbonate, TDS, and the proportion of calcium and magnesium in the total cations suggest that downward movement of recharge from irrigation water contributed to the elevated concentrations of these constituents in the primary aquifer system. High and moderate RCs of arsenic were associated with depths to the top of perforations greater than 235 ft, mixed- and pre-modern-age groundwater, and location in sediments from the Chowchilla River alluvial fan, suggesting that increased residence time and appropriate aquifer materials were needed for arsenic to accumulate in the groundwater. High and moderate RCs of fumigants were associated with depths to the top of perforations of less than 235 ft and location south of the city of Madera; low RCs of fumigants were detected in wells dispersed across the study unit with a range of depths to top of perforations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Jurgens, B., 2013, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Madera, Chowchilla Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5094, x, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125094.","productDescription":"x, 86 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5094.jpg"},{"id":267173,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5094/pdf/sir20125094.pdf"},{"id":267174,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5094/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.133,32.5000 ], [ -114.133,42.0000 ], [ -124.400,42.0000 ], [ -124.400,32.5000 ], [ -114.133,32.5000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a12f3e4b084e2824d68ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058575,"text":"70058575 - 2013 - Integrating stations from the North America Gravity Database into a local GPS-based land gravity survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-10T09:38:02","indexId":"70058575","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-10T09:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating stations from the North America Gravity Database into a local GPS-based land gravity survey","docAbstract":"The ability to augment local gravity surveys with additional gravity stations from easily accessible national databases can greatly increase the areal coverage and spatial resolution of a survey. It is, however, necessary to integrate such data seamlessly with the local survey. One challenge to overcome in integrating data from national databases is that these data are typically of unknown quality. This study presents a procedure for the evaluation and seamless integration of gravity data of unknown quality from a national database with data from a local Global Positioning System (GPS)-based survey. The starting components include the latitude, longitude, elevation and observed gravity at each station location. Interpolated surfaces of the complete Bouguer anomaly are used as a means of quality control and comparison. The result is an integrated dataset of varying quality with many stations having GPS accuracy and other reliable stations of unknown origin, yielding a wider coverage and greater spatial resolution than either survey alone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.11.011","usgsCitation":"Shoberg, T.G., and Stoddard, P.R., 2013, Integrating stations from the North America Gravity Database into a local GPS-based land gravity survey: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 89, p. 76-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.11.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-027895","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280238,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.11.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Crooked Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.7741,35.9957 ], [ -95.7741,40.6136 ], [ -89.0988,40.6136 ], [ -89.0988,35.9957 ], [ -95.7741,35.9957 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"89","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62bce4b0b290850fe5db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoberg, Thomas G. 0000-0003-0173-1246 tshoberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-1246","contributorId":3764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoberg","given":"Thomas","email":"tshoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoddard, Paul R.","contributorId":7606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043284,"text":"70043284 - 2013 - Effect of heterogeneous atmospheric CO2 on simulated global carbon budget","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-18T16:32:34.435679","indexId":"70043284","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effect of heterogeneous atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> on simulated global carbon budget","title":"Effect of heterogeneous atmospheric CO2 on simulated global carbon budget","docAbstract":"The effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) on terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration have been a key focus in global change studies. As anthropological CO2 emissions substantially increase, the spatial variability of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> should be considered to reduce the potential bias on C source and sink estimations. In this study, the global spatial–temporal patterns of near surface CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations for the period 2003-2009 were established using the SCIAMACHY satellite observations and the GLOBALVIEW-CO<sub>2</sub> field observations. With this CO<sub>2</sub> data and the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), our estimation of the global mean annual NPP and NEP was 0.5% and 7% respectively which differs from the traditional C sequestration assessments. The Amazon, Southeast Asia, and Tropical Africa showed higher C sequestration than the traditional assessment, and the rest of the areas around the world showed slightly lower C sequestration than the traditional assessment. We find that the variability of NEP is less intense under heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> pattern on a global scale. Further studies of the cause of CO<sub>2</sub> variation and the interactions between natural and anthropogenic processes of C sequestration are needed.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.12.002","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Z., Jiang, H., Liu, J., Ju, W., and Zhang, X., 2013, Effect of heterogeneous atmospheric CO2 on simulated global carbon budget: Global and Planetary Change, v. 101, p. 33-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.12.002.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-028757","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a210be4b084e2824d6968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Zhen","contributorId":94945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Zhen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":33200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ju, Weimin","contributorId":94185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ju","given":"Weimin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Xiuying","contributorId":75038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Xiuying","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043247,"text":"ds732 - 2013 - Assessment of groundwater quality data for the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, Rolette County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:19:25","indexId":"ds732","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"732","title":"Assessment of groundwater quality data for the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, Rolette County, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation relies on groundwater supplies to meet the demands of community and economic needs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians, examined historical groundwater-level and groundwater-quality data for the Fox Hills, Hell Creek, Rolla, and Shell Valley aquifers. The two main sources of water-quality data for groundwater were the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database and the North Dakota State Water Commission database. Data included major ions, trace elements, nutrients, field properties, and physical properties. The Fox Hills and Hell Creek aquifers had few groundwater water-quality data. The lack of data limits any detailed assessments that can be made about these aquifers. Data for the Rolla aquifer exist from 1978 through 1980 only. The concentrations of some water-quality constituents exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant levels. No samples were analyzed for pesticides and hydrocarbons. Numerous water-quality samples have been obtained from the Shell Valley aquifer. About one-half of the water samples from the Shell Valley aquifer had concentrations of iron, manganese, sulfate, and dissolved solids that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant levels. Overall, the data did not indicate obvious patterns in concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds732","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians","usgsCitation":"Lundgren, R.F., and Vining, K.C., 2013, Assessment of groundwater quality data for the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, Rolette County, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 732, Report: iv, 20 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds732.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041778","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_732.gif"},{"id":267147,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/732/"},{"id":267149,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/732/downloads/"},{"id":267148,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/732/ds732.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14 N","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Rolette","otherGeospatial":"Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -10.000277777777777,48.5 ], [ -10.000277777777777,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -99.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -99.5,48.5 ], [ -10.000277777777777,48.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51161e5fe4b0d1e3dcdedffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundgren, Robert F. 0000-0001-7669-0552 rflundgr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0552","contributorId":1657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Robert","email":"rflundgr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043258,"text":"ofr20131018 - 2013 - Volcano crisis response at Yellowstone volcanic complex - after-action report for exercise held at Salt Lake City, Utah, November 15, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-08T14:11:21","indexId":"ofr20131018","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1018","title":"Volcano crisis response at Yellowstone volcanic complex - after-action report for exercise held at Salt Lake City, Utah, November 15, 2011","docAbstract":"A functional tabletop exercise was run on November 14-15, 2011 in Salt Lake City, Utah, to test crisis response capabilities, communication protocols, and decision-making by the staff of the multi-agency Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) as they reacted to a hypothetical exercise scenario of accelerating volcanic unrest at the Yellowstone caldera. The exercise simulated a rapid build-up of seismic activity, ground deformation, and hot-spring water-chemistry and temperature anomalies that culminated in a small- to moderate-size phreatomagmatic eruption within Yellowstone National Park. The YVO scientific team's responses to the unfolding events in the scenario and to simulated requests for information by stakeholders and the media were assessed by (a) the exercise organizers; (b) several non-YVO scientists, who observed and queried participants, and took notes throughout the exercise; and (c) the participants themselves, who kept logs of their actions during the exercise and later participated in a group debriefing session and filled out detailed questionnaires. These evaluations were tabulated, interpreted, and summarized for this report, and on the basis of this information, recommendations have been made. Overall, the YVO teams performed their jobs very well. The exercise revealed that YVO scientists were able to successfully provide critical hazards information, issue information statements, and appropriately raise alert levels during a fast-moving crisis. Based on the exercise, it is recommended that several measures be taken to increase YVO effectiveness during a crisis: \n1. Improve role clarification within and between YVO science teams. \n2. Improve communications tools and protocols for data-sharing and consensus-building among YVO scientists, who are geographically and administratively dispersed among various institutions across the United States. \n3. Familiarize YVO staff with Incident Command System (ICS) procedures and protocols, and provide more in-depth training to appropriate staff members, as needed. \n4. Train all science team members in the use of all analytical and computational tools available to them, in order to maximize effectiveness of teams in tracking and interpreting possible accelerating unrest at Yellowstone. \nDesirable pre-crisis preparations include: (a) updating a catalog of existing map and information products (and identifying additional products) that would be helpful during a crisis; (b) creating \"to do\" lists of early-crisis tasks for each scientific team; (c) coordinating radio frequencies among partner agencies; and (d) brief training on and promotion of the internal YVO Web log as a repository for scientific observations, data, photographs, and other material to be shared among YVO scientific teams during a crisis. This exercise was designed as an opportunity to practice response to a fast-developing volcano crisis and to test for organizational and procedural weaknesses that could emerge during a real crisis. This report is based upon the observations of the exercise organizers during the one-day exercise and upon written evaluations by the participants. It does not attempt to evaluate any other aspect of YVO or the scientific expertise of any of the highly competent YVO staff. Participants unanimously found the exercise to be helpful for improving their response capabilities, and it is our hope that the report will be a starting point for internal discussions that will make YVO even better-prepared for some future volcano crisis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131018","usgsCitation":"Pierson, T.C., Driedger, C.L., and Tilling, R.I., 2013, Volcano crisis response at Yellowstone volcanic complex - after-action report for exercise held at Salt Lake City, Utah, November 15, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1018, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131018.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1018.gif"},{"id":267151,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1018/"},{"id":267152,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1018/of2013-1018.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.10,40.70 ], [ -112.10,40.85 ], [ -111.74,40.85 ], [ -111.74,40.70 ], [ -112.10,40.70 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51161e72e4b0d1e3dcdee005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043246,"text":"fs20123145 - 2013 - In-place oil shale resources examined by grade in the major basins of the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-08T10:30:03","indexId":"fs20123145","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3145","title":"In-place oil shale resources examined by grade in the major basins of the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated a total of 4.285 trillion barrels of oil in-place in the oil shale of the three principal basins of the Eocene Green River Formation. Using oil shale cutoffs of potentially viable (15 gallons per ton) and high grade (25 gallons per ton), it is estimated that between 353 billion and 1.146 trillion barrels of the in-place resource have a high potential for development.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123145","usgsCitation":"Birdwell, J.E., Mercier, T.J., Johnson, R.C., and Brownfield, M.E., 2013, In-place oil shale resources examined by grade in the major basins of the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3145, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123145.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3145.gif"},{"id":267144,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3145/"},{"id":267145,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3145/FS12-3145.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Eocene Green River Formation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.55,37.44 ], [ -112.55,44.42 ], [ -105.47,44.42 ], [ -105.47,37.44 ], [ -112.55,37.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51161e71e4b0d1e3dcdee001","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043210,"text":"ds709Q - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Takhar mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter Q in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T13:45:33","indexId":"ds709Q","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"Q","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Takhar mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter Q in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Takhar mineral district, which has industrial evaporite deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA, 2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 315-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Takhar) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics for the Takhar area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709Q","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense <a href=&quot;http://tfbso.defense.gov/www/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Task Force for Business and Stability Operations</a> and the <a href=&quot;http://www.bgs.ac.uk/AfghanMinerals/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Afghanistan Geological Survey</a>.  This report is Chapter Q in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>. For more information, see: <a href=&quot;http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds709&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Data Series 709</a>","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., and Cagney, L.E., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Takhar mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter Q in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 2 Maps; 2 Image files; 2 Metadata; 1 Shapefile, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709Q.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 2 Maps; 2 Image files; 2 Metadata; 1 Shapefile","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_q.png"},{"id":267119,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/q/"},{"id":267120,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/q/1_readme.txt"},{"id":267121,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/q/index_maps/Takhar_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":267122,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/q/index_maps/Takhar_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":267123,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/q/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":267124,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/q/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":267125,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/q/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Takhar Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cd06e4b0ca7af0743ae3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043187,"text":"70043187 - 2013 - On the halophytic nature of mangroves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T16:48:04","indexId":"70043187","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3651,"text":"Trees: Structure and Function","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the halophytic nature of mangroves","docAbstract":"Scientists have discussed the halophytic nature of intertidal plants for decades, and have generally suggested that inherent differentiation of an obligate halophyte from a facultative halophyte relates strongly to whether the plant can survive in fresh water, and not much else. In this mini-review, we provide additional insight to support the pervasive notion that mangroves as a group are truly facultative halophytes, and thus add discourse to the alternate view that mangroves have an obligate salinity requirement. Indeed, growth and physiological optima are realized at moderate salinity concentrations in mangroves, but we maintain the notion that current evidence suggests that survival is not dependent upon a physiological requirement for salt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trees: Structure and Function","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00468-012-0767-7","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., and Ball, M.C., 2013, On the halophytic nature of mangroves: Trees: Structure and Function, v. 27, no. 1, p. 7-11, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0767-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-038227","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267103,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0767-7"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cd08e4b0ca7af0743aeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Marilyn C.","contributorId":7981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043200,"text":"ds709P - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Baghlan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter P in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T13:47:41","indexId":"ds709P","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"P","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Baghlan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter P in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Baghlan mineral district, which has industrial clay and gypsum deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA, 2006, 2007, 2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 315-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Baghlan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into two overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The two image tiles (or quadrants) for the Baghlan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709P","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense <a href=&quot;http://tfbso.defense.gov/www/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Task Force for Business and Stability Operations</a> and the <a href=&quot;http://www.bgs.ac.uk/AfghanMinerals/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Afghanistan Geological Survey</a>.  This report is Chapter P in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>. For more information, see: <a href=&quot;http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds709&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Data Series 709</a>","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., and Cagney, L.E., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Baghlan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter P in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 2 Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata; 1 Shapefile, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709P.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 2 Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata; 1 Shapefile","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_p.png"},{"id":267113,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/p/index_maps/Baghlan_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":267111,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/p/"},{"id":267112,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/p/1_readme.txt"},{"id":267114,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/p/index_maps/Baghlan_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":267115,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/p/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":267116,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/p/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":267117,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/p/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Baghlan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cd05e4b0ca7af0743adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043205,"text":"sir20125284 - 2013 - Assessment of macroinvertebrate communities in adjacent urban stream basins, Kansas City, Missouri, metropolitan area, 2007 through 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T14:09:37","indexId":"sir20125284","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5284","title":"Assessment of macroinvertebrate communities in adjacent urban stream basins, Kansas City, Missouri, metropolitan area, 2007 through 2011","docAbstract":"Macroinvertebrates were collected as part of two separate urban water-quality studies from adjacent basins, the Blue River Basin (Kansas City, Missouri), the Little Blue River and Rock Creek Basins (Independence, Missouri), and their tributaries. Consistent collection and processing procedures between the studies allowed for statistical comparisons. Seven Blue River Basin sites, nine Little Blue River Basin sites, including Rock Creek, and two rural sites representative of Missouri ecological drainage units and the area’s ecoregions were used in the analysis. Different factors or levels of urban intensity may affect the basins and macroinvertebrate community metrics differently, even though both basins are substantially developed above their downstream streamgages (Blue River, 65 percent; Little Blue River, 52 percent). The Blue River has no flood control reservoirs and receives wastewater effluent and stormflow from a combined sewer system. The Little Blue River has flood control reservoirs, receives no wastewater effluent, and has a separate stormwater sewer system. Analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure with pollution-tolerance metrics and water-quality parameters indicated differences between the Blue River Basin and the Little Blue River Basin.\nA four-metric score (total taxa richness, Ephemeroptera plus Plecoptera plus Trichoptera taxa richness, Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index, and Shannon Diversity Index) for richest-targeted habitat was used to calculate a Stream Condition Index (SCI) in order to evaluate the aquatic-life status of the streams. About 80 percent of all samples combined were determined to be less than fully biologically supporting, and about 11 percent of spring samples were fully biologically supporting. No sites within the Blue River Basin had a fully supporting score. The aquatic-life status scores for the Little Blue River and its tributaries were higher (indicating more optimal conditions) than for the Blue River and its tributaries. Fall samples scored higher than spring samples. However, fall samples were collected at the Little Blue River Basin and rural sites only. The Little Blue River sites scored higher for fall samples than spring samples; about 39 percent fully biologically supporting and 61 percent partially biologically supporting; more similar to the rural comparison sites, 40 percent fully biologically supporting and 60 percent partially biologically supporting.\nThe SCI was compared to other multimetric indices with more or other component metrics to determine if the SCI effectively described differences among sites. Environmental variables (streamflow, water quality, land use, impervious cover, and population density) were used in statistical analyses to evaluate relations to macroinvertebrate metrics. Multimetric indices (MMIs) were modeled using step regression with a simple urban intensity index (SUII) based on percentage of impervious cover, population density, and forest cover in a 30-meter stream-buffer zone, and two were selected for further analysis. Three other multimetric indices composed of metrics common to local and national studies show results similar to the two modeled MMIs. A common Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (R<sup>2</sup> equals 0.71) developed for a national study had the highest correlation with urban intensity as measured with the SUII, followed by a modeled 6-metric index (R<sup>2</sup> equals 0.61). The other MMIs and the SCI explained less than a half of the variability in macroinvertebrate communities in relation to the SUII.\nWastewater-treatment plant discharges during base flow, which elevated specific conductance and nutrient concentrations, combined sewer overflows, and nonpoint sources likely contributed to water-quality impairment and lower aquatic-life status at the Blue River Basin sites. Releases from upstream reservoirs to the Little Blue River likely decreased specific conductance, suspended-sediment, and dissolved constituent concentrations and may have benefitted water quality and aquatic life of main-stem sites. Chloride concentrations in base-flow samples, attributable to winter road salt application, had the highest correlation with the SUII (Spearman’s &rho; equals 0.87), were negatively correlated with the SCI (Spearman’s &rho; equals -0.53) and several pollution sensitive Ephemeroptera plus Plecoptera plus Trichoptera abundance and percent richness metrics, and were positively correlated with pollution tolerant Oligochaeta abundance and percent richness metrics. Study results show that the easily calculated SUII and the selected modeled multimetric indices are effective for comparing urban basins and for evaluation of water quality in the Kansas City metropolitan area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri Water Pollution Control Department","usgsCitation":"Christensen, E.D., and Krempa, H., 2013, Assessment of macroinvertebrate communities in adjacent urban stream basins, Kansas City, Missouri, metropolitan area, 2007 through 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5284, viii, 45 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125284.","productDescription":"viii, 45 p.; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037625","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5284.gif"},{"id":267127,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5284/"},{"id":267128,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5284/sir2012-5284.pdf"},{"id":267129,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5284/downloads/tables.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Kansas City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.7659,38.8272 ], [ -94.7659,39.3567 ], [ -94.3855,39.3567 ], [ -94.3855,38.8272 ], [ -94.7659,38.8272 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cd01e4b0ca7af0743ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Eric D. echriste@usgs.gov","contributorId":4230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Eric","email":"echriste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krempa, Heather M.","contributorId":35612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krempa","given":"Heather M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043195,"text":"70043195 - 2013 - Chinook salmon foraging patterns in a changing Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T16:33:15","indexId":"70043195","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chinook salmon foraging patterns in a changing Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Since Pacific salmon stocking began in Lake Michigan, managers have attempted to maintain salmon abundance at high levels within what can be sustained by available prey fishes, primarily Alewife <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>. Chinook Salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> are the primary apex predators in pelagic Lake Michigan and patterns in their prey selection (by species and size) may strongly influence pelagic prey fish communities in any given year. In 1994–1996, there were larger Alewives, relatively more abundant alternative prey species, fewer Chinook Salmon, and fewer invasive species in Lake Michigan than in 2009–2010. The years 2009–2010 were instead characterized by smaller, leaner Alewives, fewer alternative prey species, higher abundance of Chinook Salmon, a firmly established nonnative benthic community, and reduced abundance of <i>Diporeia</i>, an important food of Lake Michigan prey fish. We characterized Chinook Salmon diets, prey species selectivity, and prey size selectivity between 1994–1996 and 2009–2010 time periods. In 1994–1996, Alewife as prey represented a smaller percentage of Chinook Salmon diets than in 2009–2010, when alewife comprised over 90% of Chinook Salmon diets, possibly due to declines in alternative prey fish populations. The size of Alewives eaten by Chinook Salmon also decreased between these two time periods. For the largest Chinook Salmon in 2009–2010, the average size of Alewife prey was nearly 50 mm total length shorter than in 1994–1996. We suggest that changes in the Lake Michigan food web, such as the decline in <i>Diporeia</i>, may have contributed to the relatively low abundance of large Alewives during the late 2000s by heightening the effect of predation from top predators like Chinook Salmon, which have retained a preference for Alewife and now forage with greater frequency on smaller Alewives.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.739981","usgsCitation":"Jacobs, G.R., Madenjian, C.P., Bunnell, D., Warner, D.M., and Claramunt, R., 2013, Chinook salmon foraging patterns in a changing Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 2, p. 362-372, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.739981.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"372","ipdsId":"IP-039307","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267138,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.739981"}],"country":"United States","volume":"142","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cd02e4b0ca7af0743ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobs, Gregory R.","contributorId":68189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David B.","contributorId":14360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043202,"text":"70043202 - 2013 - Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T16:43:57","indexId":"70043202","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis","docAbstract":"Guyana has a very distinctive herpetofauna. In this first ever detailed modern accounting, based on voucher specimens, we document the presence of 324 species of amphibians and reptiles in the country; 148 amphibians, 176 reptiles. Of these, we present species accounts for 317 species and color photographs of about 62% (Plates 1–40). At the rate that new species are being described and distributional records are being found for the first time, we suspect that at least 350 species will be documented in a few decades. The diverse herpetofauna includes 137 species of frogs and toads, 11 caecilians, 4 crocodylians, 4 amphisbaenians, 56 lizards, 97 snakes, and 15 turtles. Endemic species, which occur nowhere else in the world, comprise 15% of the herpetofauna. Most of the endemics are amphibians, comprising 27% of the amphibian fauna. Type localities (where the type specimens or scientific name-bearers of species were found) are located within Guyana for 24% of the herpetofauna, or 36% of the amphibians. This diverse fauna results from the geographic position of Guyana on the Guiana Shield and the isolated highlands or tepuis of the eastern part of the Pantepui Region, which are surrounded by lowland rainforest and savannas. Consequently, there is a mixture of local endemic species and widespread species characteristic of Amazonia and the Guianan Region. Although the size of this volume may mislead some people into thinking that a lot is known about the fauna of Guyana, the work has just begun. Many of the species are known from fewer than five individuals in scientific collections; for many the life history, distribution, ecology, and behavior remain poorly known; few resources in the country are devoted to developing such knowledge; and as far as we are aware, no other group of animals in the fauna of Guyana has been summarized in a volume such as this to document the biological resources. We briefly discuss aspects of biogeography, as reflected in samples collected at seven lowland sites (in rainforest, savanna, and mixed habitats below 500 m elevation) and three isolated highland sites (in montane forest and evergreen high-tepui forest above 1400 m elevation). Comparisons of these sites are preliminary because sampling of the local faunas remains incomplete. Nevertheless, it is certain that areas of about 2.5 km2 of lowland rainforest can support more than 130 species of amphibians and reptiles (perhaps actually more than 150), while many fewer species (fewer than 30 documented so far) occur in a comparable area of isolated highlands, where low temperatures, frequent cloudiness, and poor soils are relatively unfavorable for amphibians and reptiles. Furthermore, insufficient study has been done in upland sites of intermediate elevations, where lowland and highland faunas overlap significantly, although considerable work is being accomplished in Kaieteur National Park by other investigators. Comparisons of the faunas of the lowland and isolated highland sites showed that very few species occur in common in both the lowlands and isolated highlands; that those few are widespread lowland species that tolerate highland environments; that many endemic species (mostly amphibians) occur in the isolated highlands of the Pakaraima Mountains; and that each of the isolated highlands, lowland savannas, and lowland rainforests at these 10 sites have distinctive faunal elements. No two sites were identical in species composition. Much more work is needed to compare a variety of sites, and especially to incorporate upland sites of intermediate elevations in such comparisons. Five species of sea turtles utilize the limited areas of Atlantic coastal beaches to the northwest of Georgetown. All of these are listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as being of global concern for long-term survival, mostly owing to human predation. The categories of Critically Endangered or Endangered are applied to four of the local sea turtles (80%). It is important to protect the few good nesting beaches for the sea turtles of Guyana. We have documented each of the species now known to comprise the herpetofauna of Guyana by citing specimens that exist in scientific collections, many of which were collected and identified by us and colleagues, including students of the University of Guyana (UG). We also re-identified many old museum specimens collected by others in the past (e.g., collections of William Beebe) and we used documented publications and collection records of colleagues, most of whom have been working more recently. We present dichotomous keys for identifying representatives of the species known to occur in Guyana, and we present brief annotated species accounts. The accounts provide the current scientific name, original name (with citation of the original description, which we personally examined in the literature), some outdated names used in the recent past, type specimens, type localities, general geographic distribution, examples of voucher specimens from Guyana, coloration in life (and often a color photograph), and comments pointing out interesting subjects for future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Biological Society of Washington","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.2988/0006-324X-125.4.317","usgsCitation":"Cole, C.J., Townsend, C.R., Reynolds, R.P., MacCulloch, R.D., and Lathrop, A., 2013, Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 125, no. 4, p. 317-578, https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-125.4.317.","productDescription":"262 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"578","ipdsId":"IP-039065","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267135,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-125.4.317"}],"country":"Guyana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -61.41,1.16 ], [ -61.41,8.55 ], [ -56.49,8.55 ], [ -56.49,1.16 ], [ -61.41,1.16 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"125","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cce3e4b0ca7af0743acf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Charles J.","contributorId":105194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, Carol R.","contributorId":8356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Robert P. rpreynolds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Robert","email":"rpreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacCulloch, Ross D.","contributorId":14688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCulloch","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lathrop, Amy","contributorId":27179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70128265,"text":"70128265 - 2013 - Assessing the risk of nitrogen deposition to natural resources in the Four Corners area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T13:34:10","indexId":"70128265","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessing the risk of nitrogen deposition to natural resources in the Four Corners area","docAbstract":"<p>Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western U.S. is on the rise and is already dramatically affecting terrestrial ecosystems. For example, N deposition has repeatedly been shown to lower air and water quality, increase greenhouse gas emissions, alter plant community composition, and significantly modify fire regimes. Accordingly, the effects of N deposition represent one of our largest environmental challenges and make difficult the National Park Service’s (NPS) important mission to “preserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife… unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations”. Due to increased population growth and energy development (e.g., natural gas wells), the Four Corners region has become a notable ‘hotspot’ for N deposition. However, our understanding of how increased N deposition will affect these unique ecosystems, as well as how much deposition is actually occurring, remains notably poor. Here we used a multi-disciplinary approach to gathering information in an effort to help NPS safeguard the Four Corners national parks, both now and into the future. We applied modeling, field, and laboratory techniques to clarify current N deposition gradients and to help elucidate the ecosystem consequences of N deposition to the national parks of the Four Corners area. Our results suggest that NOx deposition does indeed represent a significant source of N to Mesa Verde National Park and, as expected, N deposition significantly affects coupled biogeochemical cycling (N, carbon, and phosphorus) of these landscapes. We also found some surprising results. For example, perhaps due to the low nutrient availability in these (and other) dryland ecosystems, although most other research suggests that adding N reduces N fixation rates, N additions did not consistently reduce natural N inputs via biological N2 fixation at our dryland sites. While the timeline of this pilot project is too brief to elucidate all the potential insight from the approach utilized here (e.g., we have fertilization plots to explore how N deposition affects Bromus tectorum invasion that will surely yield provoking results), we plan to continue this exciting line of questioning and expect further insight to be forthcoming. </p>","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Reed, S.C., Belnap, J., Floyd-Hanna, L., Crews, T., Herring, J., Hanna, D., Miller, M.E., Duniway, M.C., and Roybal, C.M., 2013, Assessing the risk of nitrogen deposition to natural resources in the Four Corners area, 53 p.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-044320","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294958,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Pubs/pdf/2013_Reed_NDep_FinalDraft.pdf"}],"country":"United States ","otherGeospatial":"Arches National Park, Canyonland National Park, Mesa Verde National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.950439453125,\n              34.58799745550482\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.545654296875,\n              34.58799745550482\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.545654296875,\n              39.138581990583525\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.950439453125,\n              39.138581990583525\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.950439453125,\n              34.58799745550482\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5940f9b6e4b0764e6c63eae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Floyd-Hanna, Lisa","contributorId":120188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floyd-Hanna","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crews, Tim","contributorId":119441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crews","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herring, Jack","contributorId":119838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanna, Dave","contributorId":116556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roybal, Carla M. croybal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roybal","given":"Carla","email":"croybal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":519691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70043174,"text":"sir20125286 - 2013 - Analysis of changes in water-level dynamics at selected sites in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-06T17:37:55","indexId":"sir20125286","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5286","title":"Analysis of changes in water-level dynamics at selected sites in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"The historical modification and regulation of the hydrologic patterns in the Florida Everglades have resulted in changes in the ecosystem of South Florida and the Florida Everglades. Since the 1970s, substantial focus has been given to the restoration of the Everglades ecosystem. The U.S. Geological Survey through its Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science and National Water-Quality Assessment Programs has been providing scientific information to resource managers to assist in the Everglades restoration efforts. The current investigation included development of a simple method to identify and quantify changes in historical hydrologic behavior within the Everglades that could be used by researchers to identify responses of ecological communities to those changes. Such information then could be used by resource managers to develop appropriate water-management practices within the Everglades to promote restoration. The identification of changes in historical hydrologic behavior within the Everglades was accomplished by analyzing historical time-series water-level data from selected gages in the Everglades using (1) break-point analysis of cumulative Z-scores to identify hydrologic changes and (2) cumulative water-level frequency distribution curves to evaluate the magnitude of those changes. This analytical technique was applied to six long-term water-level gages in the Florida Everglades. The break-point analysis for the concurrent period of record (1978–2011) identified 10 common periods of changes in hydrologic behavior at the selected gages. The water-level responses at each gage for the 10 periods displayed similarity in fluctuation patterns, highlighting the interconnectedness of the Florida Everglades hydrologic system. While the patterns were similar, the analysis also showed that larger fluctuations in water levels between periods occurred in Water Conservation Areas 2 and 3 in contrast to those in Water Conservation Area 1 and the Everglades National Park. Results from the analysis indicate that the cumulative Z-score curve, in conjunction with cumulative water-level frequency distribution curves, can be a useful tool in identifying and quantifying changes in historical hydrologic behavior within the Everglades. In addition to the analysis, a spreadsheet application was developed to assist in applying these techniques to time-series water-level data at gages within the Everglades and is included with this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125286","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Benedict, S., 2013, Analysis of changes in water-level dynamics at selected sites in the Florida Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5286, v, 36 p.; ZEBRA Spreadsheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125286.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.; ZEBRA Spreadsheet","startPage":"i","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5286.gif"},{"id":267082,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5286/ZEBRA_(Beta-Version).xlsx"},{"id":267080,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5286/"},{"id":267081,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5286/pdf/sir2012-5286.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.0 ], [ -80.03,31.0 ], [ -80.03,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51137b5fe4b0a9ee4115b9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043179,"text":"ofr20131005 - 2013 - Defining a data management strategy for USGS Chesapeake Bay studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:04:57.195617","indexId":"ofr20131005","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1005","title":"Defining a data management strategy for USGS Chesapeake Bay studies","docAbstract":"The mission of U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Chesapeake Bay studies is to provide integrated science for improved understanding and management of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Collective USGS efforts in the Chesapeake Bay watershed began in the 1980s, and by the mid-1990s the USGS adopted the watershed as one of its national place-based study areas. Great focus and effort by the USGS have been directed toward Chesapeake Bay studies for almost three decades. The USGS plays a key role in using “ecosystem-based adaptive management, which will provide science to improve the efficiency and accountability of Chesapeake Bay Program activities” (Phillips, 2011). Each year USGS Chesapeake Bay studies produce published research, monitoring data, and models addressing aspects of bay restoration such as, but not limited to, fish health, water quality, land-cover change, and habitat loss. The USGS is responsible for collaborating and sharing this information with other Federal agencies and partners as described under the President’s Executive Order 13508—Strategy for Protecting and Restoring the Chesapeake Bay Watershed signed by President Obama in 2009. Historically, the USGS Chesapeake Bay studies have relied on national USGS databases to store only major nationally available sources of data such as streamflow and water-quality data collected through local monitoring programs and projects, leaving a multitude of other important project data out of the data management process. This practice has led to inefficient methods of finding Chesapeake Bay studies data and underutilization of data resources. Data management by definition is “the business functions that develop and execute plans, policies, practices and projects that acquire, control, protect, deliver and enhance the value of data and information.” (Mosley, 2008a). In other words, data management is a way to preserve, integrate, and share data to address the needs of the Chesapeake Bay studies to better manage data resources, work more efficiently with partners, and facilitate holistic watershed science. It is now the goal of the USGS Chesapeake Bay studies to implement an enhanced and all-encompassing approach to data management. This report discusses preliminary efforts to implement a physical data management system for program data that is not replicated nationally through other USGS databases.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131005","usgsCitation":"Ladino, C., 2013, Defining a data management strategy for USGS Chesapeake Bay studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1005, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131005.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1005.gif"},{"id":267084,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70043133,"text":"70043133 - 2013 - Vegetation impoverishment despite greening: a case study from central Senegal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-06T13:46:13","indexId":"70043133","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation impoverishment despite greening: a case study from central Senegal","docAbstract":"Recent remote sensing studies have documented a greening trend in the semi-arid Sahel and Sudan zones of West Africa since the early 1980s, which challenges the mainstream paradigm of irreversible land degradation in this region. What the greening trend means on the ground, however, has not yet been explored. This research focuses on a region in central Senegal to examine changes in woody vegetation abundance and composition in selected sites by means of a botanical inventory of woody vegetation species, repeat photography, and perceptions of local land users. Despite the greening, an impoverishment of the woody vegetation cover was observed in the studied sites, indicated by an overall reduction in woody species richness, a loss of large trees, an increasing dominance of shrubs, and a shift towards more arid-tolerant, Sahelian species since 1983. Thus, interpretation of the satellite-derived greening trend as an improvement or recovery is not always justified. The case of central Senegal represents only one of several possible pathways of greening throughout the region, all of which result in similar satellite-derived greening signals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.10.020","usgsCitation":"Herrmann, S.M., and Tappan, G.G., 2013, Vegetation impoverishment despite greening: a case study from central Senegal: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 90, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.10.020.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-032790","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.10.020"}],"country":"Senegal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -17.5298,12.3073 ], [ -17.5298,16.6931 ], [ -11.3486,16.6931 ], [ -11.3486,12.3073 ], [ -17.5298,12.3073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"90","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51137b6ce4b0a9ee4115ba08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrmann, Stefanie M. 0000-0002-4069-2019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-2019","contributorId":20234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Stefanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappan, G. Gray 0000-0002-2240-6963 tappan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":3624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","email":"tappan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Gray","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043155,"text":"70043155 - 2013 - Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T14:41:25.521242","indexId":"70043155","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States","docAbstract":"To document the environmental occurrence and persistence of fungicides, a robust and sensitive analytical method was used to measure 34 fungicides and an additional 57 current-use pesticides in bed sediments and suspended solids collected from areas of intense fungicide use within three geographic areas across the United States. Sampling sites were selected near or within agricultural research farms using prophylactic fungicides at rates and types typical of their geographic location. At least two fungicides were detected in 55% of the bed and 83% of the suspended solid samples and were detected in conjunction with herbicides and insecticides. Six fungicides were detected in all samples including pyraclostrobin (75%), boscalid (53%), chlorothalonil (41%) and zoxamide (22%). Pyraclostrobin, a strobilurin fungicide, used frequently in the United States on a variety of crops, was detected more frequently than <i>p,p′</i>-DDE, the primary degradate of <i>p,p′</i>-DDT, which is typically one of the most frequently occurring pesticides in sediments collected within highly agricultural areas. Maximum fungicide concentrations in bed sediments and suspended solids were 198 and 56.7 μg/kg dry weight, respectively. There is limited information on the occurrence, fate, and persistence of many fungicides in sediment and the environmental impacts are largely unknown. The results of this study indicate the importance of documenting the persistence of fungicides in the environment and the need for a better understanding of off-site transport mechanisms, particularly in areas where crops are grown that require frequent treatments to prevent fungal diseases.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.021","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Reilly, T.J., Sandstrom, M.W., and Kuivila, K., 2013, Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 447, p. 179-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.021.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-036904","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality 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,{"id":70043135,"text":"70043135 - 2013 - Hydrography change detection: the usefulness of surface channels derived From LiDAR DEMs for updating mapped hydrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T12:58:01","indexId":"70043135","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrography change detection: the usefulness of surface channels derived From LiDAR DEMs for updating mapped hydrography","docAbstract":"The 1:24,000-scale high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) mapped hydrography flow lines require regular updating because land surface conditions that affect surface channel drainage change over time. Historically, NHD flow lines were created by digitizing surface water information from aerial photography and paper maps. Using these same methods to update nationwide NHD flow lines is costly and inefficient; furthermore, these methods result in hydrography that lacks the horizontal and vertical accuracy needed for fully integrated datasets useful for mapping and scientific investigations. Effective methods for improving mapped hydrography employ change detection analysis of surface channels derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models (DEMs) and NHD flow lines. In this article, we describe the usefulness of surface channels derived from LiDAR DEMs for hydrography change detection to derive spatially accurate and time-relevant mapped hydrography. The methods employ analyses of horizontal and vertical differences between LiDAR-derived surface channels and NHD flow lines to define candidate locations of hydrography change. These methods alleviate the need to analyze and update the nationwide NHD for time relevant hydrography, and provide an avenue for updating the dataset where change has occurred.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Middleburg, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12027","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., Gesch, D.B., and Worstell, B.B., 2013, Hydrography change detection: the usefulness of surface channels derived From LiDAR DEMs for updating mapped hydrography: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 49, no. 2, p. 371-389, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12027.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"389","ipdsId":"IP-035009","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12027"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51137b6ae4b0a9ee4115ba00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":84465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043183,"text":"ofr20131004 - 2013 - Workshop on New Madrid geodesy and the challenges of understanding intraplate earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-06T20:29:24","indexId":"ofr20131004","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1004","title":"Workshop on New Madrid geodesy and the challenges of understanding intraplate earthquakes","docAbstract":"On March 4, 2011, 26 researchers gathered in Norwood, Massachusetts, for a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey and FM Global to discuss geodesy in and around the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) and its relation to earthquake hazard. The group addressed the challenge of reconciling current geodetic measurements, which show low present-day surface strain rates, with paleoseismic evidence of recent, relatively frequent, major earthquakes in the region. Several researchers were invited by the organizing committee to give overview presentations while all participants were encouraged to present their most recent ideas. The overview presentations appear in this report along with a set of recommendations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131004","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O., Calais, E., Langbein, J.O., Magistrale, H., Stein, S., and Zoback, M., 2013, Workshop on New Madrid geodesy and the challenges of understanding intraplate earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1004, iv, 35 p.; Presentations, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131004.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.; Presentations","startPage":"i","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1004.gif"},{"id":267089,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/"},{"id":267091,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/01.Boyd.pdf"},{"id":267090,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/OF13-1004.pdf"},{"id":267092,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/02.Calais.pdf"},{"id":267093,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/03.Langbein.pdf"},{"id":267094,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/04.Zoback.pdf"},{"id":267095,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/05.Freed.pdf"},{"id":267096,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/06.Liu.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51137b6ce4b0a9ee4115ba0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver","contributorId":43095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calais, Eric","contributorId":98838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calais","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magistrale, Harold","contributorId":12482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magistrale","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stein, Seth","contributorId":93786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Seth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zoback, Mark","contributorId":81092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70111686,"text":"70111686 - 2013 - Partial least squares for efficient models of fecal indicator bacteria on Great Lakes beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T10:53:51","indexId":"70111686","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-05T10:49:03","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partial least squares for efficient models of fecal indicator bacteria on Great Lakes beaches","docAbstract":"At public beaches, it is now common to mitigate the impact of water-borne pathogens by posting a swimmer's advisory when the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) exceeds an action threshold. Since culturing the bacteria delays public notification when dangerous conditions exist, regression models are sometimes used to predict the FIB concentration based on readily-available environmental measurements. It is hard to know which environmental parameters are relevant to predicting FIB concentration, and the parameters are usually correlated, which can hurt the predictive power of a regression model. Here the method of partial least squares (PLS) is introduced to automate the regression modeling process. Model selection is reduced to the process of setting a tuning parameter to control the decision threshold that separates predicted exceedances of the standard from predicted non-exceedances. The method is validated by application to four Great Lakes beaches during the summer of 2010. Performance of the PLS models compares favorably to that of the existing state-of-the-art regression models at these four sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.033","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.R., Fienen, M., and Corsi, S., 2013, Partial least squares for efficient models of fecal indicator bacteria on Great Lakes beaches: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 114, p. 470-475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.033.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"475","ipdsId":"IP-030717","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288140,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.033"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,41.5 ], [ -88,46.5 ], [ -78,46.5 ], [ -78,41.5 ], [ -88,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77a1e4b0abf75cf2c18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Wesley R. wrbrooks@usgs.gov","contributorId":4217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Wesley","email":"wrbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044216,"text":"70044216 - 2013 - Population genetic structure of rare and endangered plants using molecular markers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:37:57","indexId":"70044216","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-05T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-036","title":"Population genetic structure of rare and endangered plants using molecular markers","docAbstract":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><span>This study was initiated to assess the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation in the remaining populations of <i>Phyllostegia stachyoides</i> and <i>Melicope zahlbruckneri</i> in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and determine the extent of gene flow to identify genetically distinct individuals or groups for conservation purposes. Thirty-six Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphic (AFLP) primer combinations generated a total of 3,242 polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments in the <i>P. stachyoides</i> population with a percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 39.3 to 65.7% and 2,780 for the <i>M. zahlbruckneri</i> population with a PPB of 18.8 to 64.6%. Population differentiation (Fst) of AFLP loci between subpopulations of <i>P. stachyoides</i> was low (0.043) across populations. Analysis of molecular variance of <i>P. stachyoides</i> showed that 4% of the observed genetic differentiation occurred between populations in different k</span><span>ī</span><span>puka and 96% when individuals were pooled from all k</span><span>ī</span><span>puka. Moderate genetic diversity was detected within the <i>M. zahlbruckneri</i> population. Bayesian and multivariate analyses both classified the <i>P. stachyoides</i> and <i>M. zahlbruckneri</i> populations into genetic groups with considerable sub-structuring detected in the <i>P. stachyoides</i> population. The proportion of genetic differentiation among populations explained by geographical distance was estimated by Mantel tests. No spatial correlation was found between genetic and geographic distances in both populations. Finally, a moderate but significant gene flow that could be attributed to insect or bird-mediated dispersal of pollen across the different k</span><span>ī</span><span>puka was observed. The results of this study highlight the utility of a multi-allelic DNA-based marker in screening a large number of polymorphic loci in small and closely related endangered populations and revealed the presence of genetically unique groups of individuals in both <i>M. zahlbruckneri</i> and <i>P. stachyoides</i> populations. Based on these findings, approaches that can assist conservation efforts of these species are proposed.&nbsp;</span></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawi'i at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Raji, J., and Atkinson, C.T., 2013, Population genetic structure of rare and endangered plants using molecular markers: Technical Report HCSU-036, iv, 42 p.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042186","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai`i","otherGeospatial":"Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.401611328125,\n              19.241143039165962\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.401611328125,\n              19.535201464574232\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1324462890625,\n              19.535201464574232\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1324462890625,\n              19.241143039165962\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.401611328125,\n              19.241143039165962\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dd01ce4b0589fa1cbdc3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raji, Jennifer","contributorId":172853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raji","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13357,"text":"Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":517235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}