{"pageNumber":"1475","pageRowStart":"36850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70048004,"text":"70048004 - 2013 - The SAFRR Tsunami Scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:17:36","indexId":"70048004","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T15:58:22","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The SAFRR Tsunami Scenario","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and several partners operate a program called Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) that produces (among other things) emergency planning scenarios for natural disasters. The scenarios show how science can be used to enhance community resiliency. The SAFRR Tsunami Scenario describes potential impacts of a hypothetical, but realistic, tsunami affecting California (as well as the west coast of the United States, Alaska, and Hawaii) for the purpose of informing planning and mitigation decisions by a variety of stakeholders. The scenario begins with an Mw 9.1 earthquake off the Alaska Peninsula. With Pacific basin-wide modeling, we estimate up to 5m waves and 10 m/sec currents would strike California 5 hours later. In marinas and harbors, 13,000 small boats are damaged or sunk (1 in 3) at a cost of $350 million, causing navigation and environmental problems. Damage in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach amount to $110 million, half of it water damage to vehicles and containerized cargo. Flooding of coastal communities affects 1800 city blocks, resulting in $640 million in damage. The tsunami damages 12 bridge abutments and 16 lane-miles of coastal roadway, costing $85 million to repair. Fire and business interruption losses will substantially add to direct losses. Flooding affects 170,000 residents and workers. A wide range of environmental impacts could occur. An extensive public education and outreach program is underway, as well as an evaluation of the overall effort.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ports 2013: Success Through Diversification","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/9780784413067.155","usgsCitation":"Porter, K., Jones, L.M., Ross, S.L., Borrero, J., Bwarie, J., Dykstra, D., Geist, E.L., Johnson, L., Kirby, S.H., Long, K., Lynett, P., Miller, K., Mortensen, C.E., Perry, S., Plumlee, G., Real, C., Ritchie, L., Scawthorn, C., Thio, H., Wein, A., Whitmore, P., Wilson, R., and Wood, N.J., 2013, The SAFRR Tsunami Scenario, in Ports 2013: Success Through Diversification, p. 1512-1521, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413067.155.","productDescription":"10 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R.","contributorId":65407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70048749,"text":"70048749 - 2013 - Geomagnetic referencing--the real-time compass for directional drillers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T14:48:48.757797","indexId":"70048749","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2943,"text":"Oilfield Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic referencing--the real-time compass for directional drillers","docAbstract":"To pinpoint the location and direction of a wellborne, directional driller rely on measurements from accelerometers, magnetometer and gyroscopes. In the past, high-accuracy guidance methods required a halt in drilling to obtain directional measurements. Advances in geomagnetic referencing now allow companies to use real-time data acquired during drilling to accurately potion horizontal wells, decrease well spacing and drill multiple wells from limited surface locations.","language":"English","publisher":"Schlumberger","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, A., Finn, C., Love, J.J., Worthington, E.W., Lawson, F., Maus, S., Okewunmi, S., and Poedjono, B., 2013, Geomagnetic referencing--the real-time compass for directional drillers: Oilfield Review, v. 25, no. 3, p. 32-47.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-052299","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5e96e4b0b290850fbcb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Andrew","contributorId":90581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol 0000-0003-3144-1645","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1645","contributorId":13201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worthington, E. William 0000-0002-5879-0477 bworth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-0477","contributorId":69833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthington","given":"E.","email":"bworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lawson, Fraser","contributorId":17129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"Fraser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maus, Stefan","contributorId":21060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maus","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Okewunmi, Shola","contributorId":48859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okewunmi","given":"Shola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Poedjono, Benny","contributorId":105218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poedjono","given":"Benny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70048156,"text":"70048156 - 2013 - Global change and mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T15:48:17","indexId":"70048156","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T15:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global change and mercury","docAbstract":"More than 140 nations recently agreed to a legally binding treaty on reductions in human uses and releases of mercury that will be signed in October of this year. This follows the 2011 rule in the United States that for the first time regulates mercury emissions from electricity-generating utilities. Several decades of scientific research preceded these important regulations. However, the impacts of global change on environmental mercury concentrations and human exposures remain a major uncertainty affecting the potential effectiveness of regulatory activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1242838","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Sunderland, E.M., 2013, Global change and mercury: Science, v. 341, no. 6153, p. 1457-1458, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1242838.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1457","endPage":"1458","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-051332","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280771,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1242838"}],"volume":"341","issue":"6153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5ef6e4b0b290850fc03f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sunderland, Elsie M.","contributorId":65376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunderland","given":"Elsie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200748,"text":"70200748 - 2013 - The Anemomilos prediction methodology for Dst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T15:39:46","indexId":"70200748","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T15:39:36","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3456,"text":"Space Weather","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Anemomilos prediction methodology for Dst","docAbstract":"

This paper describes new capabilities for operational geomagnetic Disturbance storm time (Dst) index forecasts. We present a data‐driven, deterministic algorithm called Anemomilos for forecasting Dst out to a maximum of 6 days for large, medium, and small storms, depending upon transit time to the Earth. This capability is used for operational satellite management and debris avoidance in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Anemomilos has a 15 min cadence, 1 h time granularity, 144 h prediction window (+6 days), and up to 1 h latency. A new finding is that nearly all flare events above a certain irradiance threshold, occurring within a defined solar longitude/latitude region and having sufficient estimated liftoff velocity of ejected material, will produce a geoeffective Dst perturbation. Three solar observables are used for operational Dst forecasting: flare magnitude, integrated flare irradiance through time, and event location. Magnitude is a proxy for ejecta quantity or mass and, combined with speed derived from the integrated flare irradiance, represents the kinetic energy. Speed is estimated as the line‐of‐sight velocity for events within 45° radial of solar disk center. Storms resulting from high‐speed streams emanating from coronal holes are not modeled or predicted. A new result is that solar disk, not limb, observable features are used for predictive techniques. Comparisons between Anemomilos predicted and measured Dst for every hour over 25 months in three continuous time frames between 2001 (high solar activity), 2005 (low solar activity), and 2012 (rising solar activity) are shown. The Anemomilos operational algorithm was developed for a specific customer use related to thermospheric mass density forecasting. It is an operational space weather technology breakthrough using solar disk observables to predict geomagnetically effective Dst up to several days at 1 h time granularity. Real‐time forecasts are presented at http://sol.spacenvironment.net/~sam_ops/index.html?

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/swe.20094","usgsCitation":"Tobiska, W.K., Knipp, D., Burke, W.J., Bouwer, D., Bailey, J., Odstrcil, D., Hagan, M.P., Gannon, J., and Bowman, B.R., 2013, The Anemomilos prediction methodology for Dst: Space Weather, v. 11, no. 9, p. 490-508, https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20094.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"508","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10b8c5e4b034bf6a7ecc12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobiska, W. K.","contributorId":210274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobiska","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knipp, D.","contributorId":210275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knipp","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, W. J.","contributorId":210276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burke","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bouwer, D.","contributorId":210277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouwer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, J.","contributorId":11981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Odstrcil, D.","contributorId":210278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odstrcil","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hagan, M. P.","contributorId":210279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gannon, J.","contributorId":52869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowman, B. R.","contributorId":210280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70048796,"text":"70048796 - 2013 - Evidence that acidification-induced declines in plant diversity and productivity are mediated by changes in below-ground communities and soil properties in a semi-arid steppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T15:42:43","indexId":"70048796","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T15:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that acidification-induced declines in plant diversity and productivity are mediated by changes in below-ground communities and soil properties in a semi-arid steppe","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic acid deposition–induced soil acidification is one of the major threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and services. Few studies, however, have explored in detail how above-ground changes in plant species richness and productivity resulting from soil acidification are mediated by effects on below-ground biota and soil properties.\nTo increase our understanding of this linkage, we collected data on below- and above-ground communities and soil properties in a 3-year field experiment with seven levels of acid addition rate to build-up broad intensities of soil acidification in the semi-arid Inner Mongolian grassland.\nAcid addition directly elevated concentrations of soil Al3+ ions, decreased the base cations Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+, and increased soil moisture and available phosphorus. Acid addition also appears to have altered the soil microbial community via changes in H+ and Al3+ ions and altered the nematode community via changes in H+ ions and soil moisture.\nThe observed changes in soil N availability (i.e. net N mineralization, NO3--N and NH4+-N) could be explained by mediating changes in the H+ and Al3+ ions, microbial community (i.e. community structure, bacteria and fungi/bacteria as indicated by phospholipid fatty acids analysis) and the nematode community (i.e. total abundance, taxa richness and maturity index).\nDeclines in plant species richness and productivity were greater at high intensities of soil acidification in the second sampling year than in the first sampling year. The changes in plant community observed were mostly explained by soil nutrient pathways (e.g. N availability or base mineral cations), which were in turn regulated by the soil microbial or nematode communities as well as by the direct effects of the increase in H+ or Al3+ ions.\nSynthesis. Our results suggest that the below-ground microbial and nematode communities are more sensitive to soil acidification than the plant communities are, and further that soil acidification–induced changes in plants are mediated by changes in below-ground communities and soil nutrients. These findings improve our understanding of the links between below- and above-ground communities in the Inner Mongolia grassland, especially in the context of anthropogenic acid enrichment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12119","usgsCitation":"Chen, D., Lan, Z., Bai, X., Grace, J.B., and Bai, Y., 2013, Evidence that acidification-induced declines in plant diversity and productivity are mediated by changes in below-ground communities and soil properties in a semi-arid steppe: Journal of Ecology, v. 101, no. 5, p. 1322-1334, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12119.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1322","endPage":"1334","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-044234","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278855,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12119"}],"country":"China","state":"Inner Mongolia","otherGeospatial":"Xilin River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 116.638295,43.599584 ], [ 116.638295,43.623447 ], [ 116.671861,43.623447 ], [ 116.671861,43.599584 ], [ 116.638295,43.599584 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a2182e4b051792d019515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Dima","contributorId":72291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Dima","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lan, Zhichun","contributorId":97809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lan","given":"Zhichun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bai, Xue","contributorId":77451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"Xue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bai, Yongfei","contributorId":13128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"Yongfei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70057407,"text":"70057407 - 2013 - Mitigating the effects of landscape development on streams in urbanizing watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-03T11:21:16","indexId":"70057407","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T15:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitigating the effects of landscape development on streams in urbanizing watersheds","docAbstract":"This collaborative study examined urbanization and impacts on area streams while using the best available sediment and erosion control (S&EC) practices in developing watersheds in Maryland, United States. During conversion of the agricultural and forested watersheds to urban land use, land surface topography was graded and vegetation was removed creating a high potential for sediment generation and release during storm events. The currently best available S&EC facilities were used during the development process to mitigate storm runoff water quality, quantity, and timing before entering area streams. Detailed Geographic Information System (GIS) maps were created to visualize changing land use and S&EC practices, five temporal collections of LiDAR (light detection and ranging) imagery were used to map the changing landscape topography, and streamflow, physical geomorphology, and habitat data were used to assess the ability of the S&EC facilities to protect receiving streams during development. Despite the use of the best available S&EC facilities, receiving streams experienced altered flow, geomorphology, and decreased biotic community health. These impacts on small streams during watershed development affect sediment and nutrient loads to larger downstream aquatic ecosystems such as the Chesapeake Bay.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12123","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D.M., Jarnagin, S., Loperfido, J.V., and Van Ness, K., 2013, Mitigating the effects of landscape development on streams in urbanizing watersheds: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 1, p. 163-178, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12123.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-040683","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279615,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12123"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","county":"Montgomery County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.527376,38.93428 ], [ -77.527376,39.354025 ], [ -76.888361,39.354025 ], [ -76.888361,38.93428 ], [ -77.527376,38.93428 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52908b09e4b0bbdcf23f0935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnagin, S. Taylor","contributorId":32816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"S. Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loperfido, John V. jloperfido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loperfido","given":"John","email":"jloperfido@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Ness, Keith","contributorId":46866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Ness","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046197,"text":"70046197 - 2013 - Predicting vertically-nonsequential wetting patterns with a source-responsive model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T10:36:57","indexId":"70046197","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T14:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting vertically-nonsequential wetting patterns with a source-responsive model","docAbstract":"Water infiltrating into soil of natural structure often causes wetting patterns that do not develop in an orderly sequence. Because traditional unsaturated flow models represent a water advance that proceeds sequentially, they fail to predict irregular development of water distribution. In the source-responsive model, a diffuse domain (D) represents flow within soil matrix material following traditional formulations, and a source-responsive domain (S), characterized in terms of the capacity for preferential flow and its degree of activation, represents preferential flow as it responds to changing water-source conditions. In this paper we assume water undergoing rapid source-responsive transport at any particular time is of negligibly small volume; it becomes sensible at the time and depth where domain transfer occurs. A first-order transfer term represents abstraction from the S to the D domain which renders the water sensible. In tests with lab and field data, for some cases the model shows good quantitative agreement, and in all cases it captures the characteristic patterns of wetting that proceed nonsequentially in the vertical direction. In these tests we determined the values of the essential characterizing functions by inverse modeling. These functions relate directly to observable soil characteristics, rendering them amenable to evaluation and improvement through hydropedologic development.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2013.03.0054","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., and Mitchell, L., 2013, Predicting vertically-nonsequential wetting patterns with a source-responsive model: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 12, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.03.0054.","ipdsId":"IP-046019","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278563,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.03.0054"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270d909e4b0f7a10664fbe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Lara","contributorId":36836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Lara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048302,"text":"70048302 - 2013 - Mines, mountains and hot springs: IMWA 2013 post-conference tour to Silverton, CO, August 10-13, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T10:00:28","indexId":"70048302","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T14:34:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mines, mountains and hot springs: IMWA 2013 post-conference tour to Silverton, CO, August 10-13, 2013","docAbstract":"An itinerary, maps, and details about the IMWA 2013 post-conference tour from Golden, Colorado to Silverton, Colorado on August 10-13, 2013, are provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reliable Mine Water Technology: Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Annual Conference 2013, August 6-9, 2013, Golden, Colorado, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Publication Printers","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., 2013, Mines, mountains and hot springs: IMWA 2013 post-conference tour to Silverton, CO, August 10-13, 2013, in Reliable Mine Water Technology: Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Annual Conference 2013, August 6-9, 2013, Golden, Colorado, USA, v. II, p. 1241-1246.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1241","endPage":"1246","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-045881","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287699,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwa-meetings/proceedings/278-proceedings-2013.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Silverton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.869,37.5701 ], [ -108.869,40.2385 ], [ -104.2226,40.2385 ], [ -104.2226,37.5701 ], [ -108.869,37.5701 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5387056ee4b0aa26cd7b53cd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, Adrian","contributorId":114141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509601,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Figueroa, Linda","contributorId":112780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figueroa","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509600,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolkersdorfer, Christian","contributorId":111680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolkersdorfer","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509599,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004594,"text":"70004594 - 2013 - Traces in the dark: sedimentary processes and facies gradients in the upper shale member of the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T14:38:22","indexId":"70004594","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T14:25:55","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Traces in the dark: sedimentary processes and facies gradients in the upper shale member of the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Black, organic-rich rocks of the upper shale member of the Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation, a world-class petroleum source rock in the Williston Basin of the United States and Canada, contain a diverse suite of mudstone lithofacies that were deposited in distinct facies belts. The succession consists of three discrete facies associations (FAs). These comprise: 1) siliceous mudstones; 2) quartz- and carbonate-bearing, laminated mudstones; and 3) macrofossil-debris-bearing massive mudstones. These FAs were deposited in three facies belts that reflect proximal to distal relationships in this mudstone system. The macrofossil-debris-bearing massive mudstones (FA 3) occur in the proximal facies belt and contain erosion surfaces, some with overlying conodont and phosphate–lithoclast lag deposits, mudstones with abundant millimeter-scale siltstone laminae showing irregular lateral thickness changes, and shell debris. In the medial facies belt, quartz- and carbonate-bearing, laminated mudstones dominate, exhibiting sub-millimeter-thick siltstone layers with variable lateral thicknesses and localized mudstone ripples. In the distal siliceous mudstone facies belt, radiolarites, radiolarian-bearing mudstones, and quartz- and carbonate-bearing, laminated mudstones dominate. Overall, total organic carbon (TOC) contents range between about 3 and 10 wt %, with a general proximal to distal decrease in TOC content. Abundant evidence of bioturbation exists in all FAs, and the lithological and TOC variations are paralleled by changes in burrowing style and trace-fossil abundance. While two horizontal traces and two types of fecal strings are recognized in the proximal facies belt, only a single horizontal trace fossil and one type of fecal string characterize mudstones in the distal facies belt. Radiolarites intercalated into the most distal mudstones are devoid of traces and fecal strings.

\n
\n

Bedload transport processes, likely caused by storm-induced turbidity currents, were active across all facies belts. Suspended sediment settling from near the ocean surface, however, most likely played a role in the deposition of some of the mudstones, and was probably responsible for deposition of the radiolarites. The distribution pattern of high-TOC sediments in proximal and lower-TOC deposits in some distal facies is interpreted as a function of higher accumulation rates during radiolarian depositional events leading to a decrease in suspension-derived organic carbon in radiolarite laminae. The presence of burrows in all FAs and nearly all facies in the upper Bakken shale member indicates that dysoxic conditions prevailed during its deposition. This study shows that in intracratonic high-TOC mudstone successions such as the upper Bakken shale member bed-load processes most likely dominated sedimentation, and conditions promoted a thriving infaunal benthic community. As such, deposition of the upper Bakken shale member through dynamic processes in an overall dysoxic environment represents an alternative to conventional anoxic depositional models for world-class source rocks.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2013.60","usgsCitation":"Egenhoff, S.O., and Fishman, N.S., 2013, Traces in the dark: sedimentary processes and facies gradients in the upper shale member of the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota, U.S.A.: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 83, no. 9, p. 803-824, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.60.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"824","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-027293","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281040,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.60"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.41,44.29 ], [ -110.41,50.43 ], [ -95.82,50.43 ], [ -95.82,44.29 ], [ -110.41,44.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7976e4b0b2908510cd4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Egenhoff, Sven O.","contributorId":101171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egenhoff","given":"Sven","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fishman, Neil S.","contributorId":106464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048303,"text":"70048303 - 2013 - IMWA 2013 mid-conference tour to Leadville, Colorado, August 7th, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-28T14:30:40","indexId":"70048303","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T14:22:49","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"IMWA 2013 mid-conference tour to Leadville, Colorado, August 7th, 2013","docAbstract":"An itinerary, maps, and details about the IMWA 2013 mid-conference tour from Golden, Colorado to Leadville, Colorado on August 7, 2013, are provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reliable Mine Water Technology: Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Annual Conference 2013, August 6-9, 2013, Golden, Colorado, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Publication Printers","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., 2013, IMWA 2013 mid-conference tour to Leadville, Colorado, August 7th, 2013, in Reliable Mine Water Technology: Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Annual Conference 2013, August 6-9, 2013, Golden, Colorado, USA, v. II, p. 1237-1240.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1237","endPage":"1240","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-045863","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287697,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwa-meetings/proceedings/278-proceedings-2013.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Leadville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.468899,39.229855 ], [ -106.468899,39.439316 ], [ -106.020717,39.439316 ], [ -106.020717,39.229855 ], [ -106.468899,39.229855 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5387056ae4b0aa26cd7b53b0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, Adrian","contributorId":114141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509604,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Figueroa, Linda","contributorId":112780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figueroa","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509603,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolkersdorfer, Christian","contributorId":111680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolkersdorfer","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509602,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70100737,"text":"70100737 - 2013 - Environmental assessment of metal exposure to corals living in Castle Harbour, Bermuda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-04T14:22:17","indexId":"70100737","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T14:14:58","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental assessment of metal exposure to corals living in Castle Harbour, Bermuda","docAbstract":"Environmental contamination in Castle Harbour, Bermuda, has been linked to the dissolution and leaching of contaminants from the adjacent marine landfill. This study expands the evidence for environmental impact of leachate from the landfill by quantitatively demonstrating elevated metal uptake over the last 30 years in corals growing in Castle Harbour. Coral Pb/Ca, Zn/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios and total Hg concentrations are elevated relative to an adjacent control site in John Smith's Bay. The temporal variability in the Castle Harbour coral records suggests that while the landfill has increased in size over the last 35 years, the dominant input of metals is through periodic leaching of contaminants from the municipal landfill and surrounding sediment. Elevated contaminants in the surrounding sediment suggest that resuspension is an important transport medium for transferring heavy metals to corals. Increased winds, particularly during the 1990s, were accompanied by higher coral metal composition at Castle Harbour. Coupled with wind-induced resuspension, interannual changes in sea level within the Harbour can lead to increased bioavailability of sediment-bound metals and subsequent coral metal assimilation. At John Smith's Bay, large scale convective mixing may be driving interannual metal variability in the coral record rather than impacts from land-based activities. Results from this study provide important insights into the coupling of natural variability and anthropogenic input of contaminants to the nearshore environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.002","usgsCitation":"Prouty, N., Goodkin, N., Jones, R., Lamborg, C., Storlazzi, C., and Hughen, K., 2013, Environmental assessment of metal exposure to corals living in Castle Harbour, Bermuda: Marine Chemistry, v. 154, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-044814","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6164","text":"External Repository"},{"id":285742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285741,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.002"}],"country":"Bermuda","otherGeospatial":"Castle Harbour","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -64.686,32.336 ], [ -64.686,32.363 ], [ -64.659,32.363 ], [ -64.659,32.336 ], [ -64.686,32.336 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559433e4b0120853e8bf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prouty, N.G.","contributorId":36766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodkin, N.F.","contributorId":92172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodkin","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, R.","contributorId":63585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamborg, C.H.","contributorId":81800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamborg","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hughen, K.A.","contributorId":69372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughen","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70112716,"text":"70112716 - 2013 - Ecological prediction with nonlinear multivariate time-frequency functional data models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-22T14:09:39","indexId":"70112716","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T14:03:25","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological prediction with nonlinear multivariate time-frequency functional data models","docAbstract":"Time-frequency analysis has become a fundamental component of many scientific inquiries. Due to improvements in technology, the amount of high-frequency signals that are collected for ecological and other scientific processes is increasing at a dramatic rate. In order to facilitate the use of these data in ecological prediction, we introduce a class of nonlinear multivariate time-frequency functional models that can identify important features of each signal as well as the interaction of signals corresponding to the response variable of interest. Our methodology is of independent interest and utilizes stochastic search variable selection to improve model selection and performs model averaging to enhance prediction. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach through simulation and by application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13253-013-0142-1","usgsCitation":"Yang, W., Wikle, C.K., Holan, S.H., and Wildhaber, M.L., 2013, Ecological prediction with nonlinear multivariate time-frequency functional data models: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 18, no. 3, p. 450-474, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-013-0142-1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-041815","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288700,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-013-0142-1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.36,38.0 ], [ -101.36,44.98 ], [ -89.65,44.98 ], [ -89.65,38.0 ], [ -101.36,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7693e4b0abf75cf2bfab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Wen-Hsi","contributorId":45228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Wen-Hsi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wikle, Christopher K.","contributorId":55680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikle","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holan, Scott H.","contributorId":15878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holan","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047801,"text":"70047801 - 2013 - Application of uniaxial confining-core clamp with hydrous pyrolysis in petrophysical and geochemical studies of source rocks at various thermal maturities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T10:01:39","indexId":"70047801","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T13:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of uniaxial confining-core clamp with hydrous pyrolysis in petrophysical and geochemical studies of source rocks at various thermal maturities","docAbstract":"Understanding changes in petrophysical and geochemical parameters during source rock thermal maturation is a critical component in evaluating source-rock petroleum accumulations. Natural core data are preferred, but obtaining cores that represent the same facies of a source rock at different thermal maturities is seldom possible. An alternative approach is to induce thermal maturity changes by laboratory pyrolysis on aliquots of a source-rock sample of a given facies of interest. Hydrous pyrolysis is an effective way to induce thermal maturity on source-rock cores and provide expelled oils that are similar in composition to natural crude oils. However, net-volume increases during bitumen and oil generation result in expanded cores due to opening of bedding-plane partings. Although meaningful geochemical measurements on expanded, recovered cores are possible, the utility of the core for measuring petrophysical properties relevant to natural subsurface cores is not suitable. This problem created during hydrous pyrolysis is alleviated by using a stainless steel uniaxial confinement clamp on rock cores cut perpendicular to bedding fabric. The clamp prevents expansion just as overburden does during natural petroleum formation in the subsurface. As a result, intact cores can be recovered at various thermal maturities for the measurement of petrophysical properties as well as for geochemical analyses. This approach has been applied to 1.7-inch diameter cores taken perpendicular to the bedding fabric of a 2.3- to 2.4-inch thick slab of Mahogany oil shale from the Eocene Green River Formation. Cores were subjected to hydrous pyrolysis at 360 °C for 72 h, which represents near maximum oil generation. One core was heated unconfined and the other was heated in the uniaxial confinement clamp. The unconfined core developed open tensile fractures parallel to the bedding fabric that result in a 38 % vertical expansion of the core. These open fractures did not occur in the confined core, but short, discontinuous vertical fractures on the core periphery occurred as a result of lateral expansion.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, 12-14 August 2013","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.1190/urtec2013-267","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M., and Birdwell, J.E., 2013, Application of uniaxial confining-core clamp with hydrous pyrolysis in petrophysical and geochemical studies of source rocks at various thermal maturities, in Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, 12-14 August 2013, p. 2565-2572, https://doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-267.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2565","endPage":"2572","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-045856","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287652,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-267"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3e9e4b09e18fc023a22","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baez, Luis","contributorId":111487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509582,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeney, Ken","contributorId":112969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeney","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509584,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sonnenberg, Steve","contributorId":112354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonnenberg","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509583,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, Michael D. mlewan@usgs.gov","contributorId":940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael D.","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047804,"text":"70047804 - 2013 - Changes in porosity and organic matter phase distribution monitored by NMR relaxometry following hydrous pyrolysis under uniaxial confinement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T10:02:27","indexId":"70047804","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Changes in porosity and organic matter phase distribution monitored by NMR relaxometry following hydrous pyrolysis under uniaxial confinement","docAbstract":"Artificial maturation methods are used to induce changes in source rock thermal maturity without the uncertainties that arise when comparing natural samples from a particular basin that often represent different levels of maturation and different lithofacies. A novel uniaxial confinement clamp was used on Woodford Shale cores in hydrous pyrolysis experiments to limit sample expansion by simulating the effect of overburden present during thermal maturation in natural systems. These samples were then subjected to X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) imaging and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxometry measurements. LF-NMR relaxometry is a noninvasive technique commonly used to measure porosity and pore-size distributions in fluid-filled porous media, but may also measure hydrogen present in hydrogen-bearing organic solids. Standard T1 and T2 relaxation distributions were determined and two dimensional T1-T2 correlation measurements were performed on the Woodford Shale cores. The T1-T2 correlations facilitate resolution of organic phases in the system. The changes observed in NMR-relaxation times correspond to bitumen and lighter hydrocarbon production that occur as source rock organic matter matures. The LF-NMR porosities of the core samples at maximum oil generation are significantly higher than porosities measured by other methods. This discrepancy likely arises from the measurement of highly viscous organic constituents in addition to fluid-filled porosity. An unconfined sample showed shorter relaxation times and lower porosity. This difference is attributed to the lack of fractures observed in the unconfined sample by X-CT.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, 12-14 August 2013","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.1190/urtec2013-209","usgsCitation":"Washburn, K.E., Birdwell, J.E., Lewan, M., and Miller, M., 2013, Changes in porosity and organic matter phase distribution monitored by NMR relaxometry following hydrous pyrolysis under uniaxial confinement, in Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, 12-14 August 2013, p. 2020-2026, https://doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-209.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2020","endPage":"2026","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-045898","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287653,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-209"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3ede4b09e18fc023a30","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baez, Luis","contributorId":111487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeney, Ken","contributorId":112969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeney","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sonnenberg, Steve","contributorId":112354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonnenberg","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509589,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Washburn, Kathryn E.","contributorId":76644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7152,"text":"Weatherford International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, Michael D. mlewan@usgs.gov","contributorId":940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael D.","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Michael","contributorId":103182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70057613,"text":"70057613 - 2013 - Custom microarray construction and analysis for determining potential biomarkers of subchronic androgen exposure in the Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-29T10:27:55","indexId":"70057613","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":956,"text":"BMC Genomics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Custom microarray construction and analysis for determining potential biomarkers of subchronic androgen exposure in the Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)","docAbstract":"

Background

\n

The eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) has the potential to become a bioindicator organism of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to its androgen-driven secondary sexual characteristics. However, the lack of molecular information on G. holbrooki hinders its use as a bioindicator coupled with biomarker data. While traditional gene-by-gene approaches provide insight for biomarker development, a holistic analysis would provide more rapid and expansive determination of potential biomarkers. The objective of this study was to develop and utilize a mosquitofish microarray to determine potential biomarkers of subchronic androgen exposure. To achieve this objective, two specific aims were developed: 1) Sequence a G. holbrooki cDNA library, and 2) Use microarray analysis to determine genes that are differentially regulated by subchronic androgen exposure in hepatic tissues of 17β-trenbolone (TB) exposed adult female G. holbrooki.

\n

Results

\n

A normalized library of multiple organs of male and female G. holbrooki was prepared and sequenced by the Illumina GA IIx and Roche 454 XLR70. Over 30,000 genes with e-value ≤ 10-4were annotated and 14,758 of these genes were selected for inclusion on the microarray. Hepatic microarray analysis of adult female G. holbrooki exposed to the vehicle control or 1 μg/L of TB (a potent anabolic androgen) revealed 229 genes upregulated and 279 downregulated by TB (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05, FDR α = 0.05, fold change > 1.5 and < −1.5). Fifteen gene ontology biological processes were enriched by TB exposure (Fisher’s Exact Test, p < 0.05). The expression levels of17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 and zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05).

\n

Conclusions

\n

Coupling microarray data with phenotypic changes driven by androgen exposure in mosquitofish is key for developing this organism into a bioindicator for EDCs. Future studies using this array will enhance knowledge of the biology and toxicological response of this species. This work provides a foundation of molecular knowledge and tools that can be used to delve further into understanding the biology of G. holbrooki and how this organism can be used as a bioindicator organism for endocrine disrupting pollutants in the environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1471-2164-14-660","usgsCitation":"Brockmeier, E.K., Yu, F., Amador, D.M., Bargar, T.A., and Denslow, N., 2013, Custom microarray construction and analysis for determining potential biomarkers of subchronic androgen exposure in the Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki): BMC Genomics, v. 14, no. 660, art660: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-660.","productDescription":"art660: 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046312","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-660","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279840,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-660"}],"volume":"14","issue":"660","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5295d10ae4b0becc369c8b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brockmeier, Erica K.","contributorId":26619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockmeier","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yu, Fahong","contributorId":107180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Fahong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amador, David Moraga","contributorId":18262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amador","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Moraga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bargar, Timothy A. 0000-0001-8588-3436 tbargar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-3436","contributorId":2450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Timothy","email":"tbargar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy D.","contributorId":72831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047803,"text":"70047803 - 2013 - A new laboratory approach to shale analysis using NMR relaxometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T10:03:33","indexId":"70047803","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A new laboratory approach to shale analysis using NMR relaxometry","docAbstract":"

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxometry is a non-invasive technique commonly used to assess hydrogen-bearing fluids in petroleum reservoir rocks. Measurements made using LF-NMR provide information on rock porosity, pore-size distributions, and in some cases, fluid types and saturations (Timur, 1967; Kenyon et al., 1986; Straley et al., 1994; Brown, 2001; Jackson, 2001; Kleinberg, 2001; Hurlimann et al., 2002). Recent improvements in LF-NMR instrument electronics have made it possible to apply methods used to measure pore fluids to assess highly viscous and even solid organic phases within reservoir rocks. T1 and T2 relaxation responses behave very differently in solids and liquids; therefore the relationship between these two modes of relaxation can be used to differentiate organic phases in rock samples or to characterize extracted organic materials. Using T1-T2 correlation data, organic components present in shales, such as kerogen and bitumen, can be examined in laboratory relaxometry measurements. In addition, implementation of a solid-echo pulse sequence to refocus T2 relaxation caused by homonuclear dipolar coupling during correlation measurements allows for improved resolution of solid-phase protons.

\n
\n

LF-NMR measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation time distributions were carried out on raw oil shale samples from the Eocene Green River Formation and pyrolyzed samples of these shales processed by hydrous pyrolysis and techniques meant to mimic surface and in-situ retorting. Samples processed using the In Situ Simulator approach ranged from bitumen and early oil generation through to depletion of petroleum generating potential. The standard T1-T2 correlation plots revealed distinct peaks representative of solid- and liquid-like organic phases; results on the pyrolyzed shales reflect changes that occurred during thermal processing. The solid-echo T1 and T2 measurements were used to improve assessment of the solid organic phases, specifically kerogen, thermally degraded kerogen, and char. Integrated peak areas from the LF-NMR results representative of kerogen and bitumen were found to be well correlated with S1 and S2 parameters from Rock-Eval programmed pyrolysis. This study demonstrates that LFNMR relaxometry can provide a wide range of information on shales and other reservoir rocks that goes well beyond porosity and pore-fluid analysis.

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They are critical in the stabilization of soils, protecting them from wind and water erosion. Similarly, these soil surface communities also stabilized soils on early Earth, allowing vascular plants to establish. They contribute nitrogen and carbon to otherwise relatively infertile dryland soils, and have a strong influence on hydrologic cycles. Their presence can also influence vascular plant establishment and nutrition.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.05131-9","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2013, Crusts: biological, chap. of Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.05131-9.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045245","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278590,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.05131-9"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd538fe4b0b290850f5364","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elias, Scott A.","contributorId":111874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509622,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046525,"text":"70046525 - 2013 - Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-07T14:55:30","indexId":"70046525","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates","docAbstract":"Downscaled and hydrologically modeled projections from an ensemble of 16 Global Climate Models suggest that flooding may become more intense on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains, the primary source for California’s managed water system. By the end of the 21st century, all 16 climate projections for the high greenhouse-gas emission SRES A2 scenario yield larger floods with return periods ranging 2–50 years for both the Northern Sierra Nevada and Southern Sierra Nevada, regardless of the direction of change in mean precipitation. By end of century, discharges from the Northern Sierra Nevada with 50-year return periods increase by 30–90% depending on climate model, compared to historical values. Corresponding flood flows from the Southern Sierra increase by 50–100%. 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This paper examines gas, oil, and water production data from vertical wells in 23 fields in five Rocky Mountain basins of the United States, mostly from wells completed before the year 2000. Average daily rates of gas, oil, and water production are determined two years and seven years after production begins in order to represent the interval in which gas production declines exponentially. In addition to the daily rates, results are also presented in terms of oil-to-gas and water-to-gas ratios, and in terms of the five-year decline in gas production rates and water-to-gas ratios. No attempt has been made to estimate the ultimate productivity of wells or fields. The ratio of gas production rates after seven years to gas production rates at two years is about one-half, with median ratios falling within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 in 16 fields. Oil-gas ratios show substantial variation among fields, ranging from dry gas (no oil) to wet gas to retrograde conditions. Among wells within fields, the oil-gas ratios vary by a factor of three to thirty, with the exception of the Lance Formation in Jonah and Pinedale fields, where the oil-gas ratios vary by less than a factor of two. One field produces water-free gas and a large fraction of wells in two other fields produce water-free gas, but most fields have water-gas ratios greater than 1 bbl/mmcf—greater than can be attributed to water dissolved in gas in the reservoir— and as high as 100 bbl/mmcf. The median water-gas ratio for fields increases moderately with time, but in individual wells water influx relative to gas is erratic, increasing greatly with time in many wells while remaining constant or decreasing in others.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, 12-14 August 2013","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.1190/urtec2013-086","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Santus, S.L., 2013, Characterizing tight-gas systems with production data: Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado, in Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, 12-14 August 2013, p. 814-831, https://doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-086.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"814","endPage":"831","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-045388","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287651,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-086"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.43,36.19 ], [ -112.43,45.0 ], [ -102.02,45.0 ], [ -102.02,36.19 ], [ -112.43,36.19 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3ede4b09e18fc023a34","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baez, Luis","contributorId":111487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeney, Ken","contributorId":112969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeney","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509593,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sonnenberg, Steve","contributorId":112354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonnenberg","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509592,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048482,"text":"70048482 - 2013 - Comparing approaches to spatially explicit ecosystem service modeling: a case study from the San Pedro River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T13:03:07","indexId":"70048482","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T12:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing approaches to spatially explicit ecosystem service modeling: a case study from the San Pedro River, Arizona","docAbstract":"Although the number of ecosystem service modeling tools has grown in recent years, quantitative comparative studies of these tools have been lacking. In this study, we applied two leading open-source, spatially explicit ecosystem services modeling tools – Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) – to the San Pedro River watershed in southeast Arizona, USA, and northern Sonora, Mexico. We modeled locally important services that both modeling systems could address – carbon, water, and scenic viewsheds. We then applied managerially relevant scenarios for urban growth and mesquite management to quantify ecosystem service changes. InVEST and ARIES use different modeling approaches and ecosystem services metrics; for carbon, metrics were more similar and results were more easily comparable than for viewsheds or water. However, findings demonstrate similar gains and losses of ecosystem services and conclusions when comparing effects across our scenarios. Results were more closely aligned for landscape-scale urban-growth scenarios and more divergent for a site-scale mesquite-management scenario. Follow-up studies, including testing in different geographic contexts, can improve our understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these and other ecosystem services modeling tools as they move closer to readiness for supporting day-to-day resource management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Services","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.007","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Semmens, D.J., and Winthrop, R., 2013, Comparing approaches to spatially explicit ecosystem service modeling: a case study from the San Pedro River, Arizona: Ecosystem Services, v. 5, p. 40-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-039089","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281009,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.007"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;Sonora","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.7871,30.935 ], [ -110.7871,32.9811 ], [ -110.1041,32.9811 ], [ -110.1041,30.935 ], [ -110.7871,30.935 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51f8e4b0b290850f43c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winthrop, Robert","contributorId":76216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winthrop","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047572,"text":"70047572 - 2013 - Low salinity hydrocarbon water disposal through deep subsurface drip irrigation: leaching of native selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-28T13:12:09","indexId":"70047572","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T12:57:34","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Low salinity hydrocarbon water disposal through deep subsurface drip irrigation: leaching of native selenium","docAbstract":"A subsurface drip irrigation system is being used in Wyoming’s Powder River Basin that treats high sodium, low salinity, coal bed methane (CBM) produced water with sulfuric acid and injects it into cropped fields at a depth of 0.92 m. Dissolution of native gypsum releases calcium that combats soil degradation that would otherwise result from high sodium water. Native selenium is leached from soil by application of the CBM water and traces native salt mobilization to groundwater. Resulting selenium concentrations in groundwater at this alluvial site were generally low (0.5–23 μg/L) compared to Wyoming’s agricultural use suitability standard (20 μg/L).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reliable Mine Water Technology: Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Annual Conference 2013, August 6-9, 2013, Golden, Colorado, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Publication Printers","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Bern, C., Engle, M.A., Boehlke, A., and Zupancic, J.W., 2013, Low salinity hydrocarbon water disposal through deep subsurface drip irrigation: leaching of native selenium, in Reliable Mine Water Technology: Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Annual Conference 2013, August 6-9, 2013, Golden, Colorado, USA, v. II, p. 1187-1193.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1193","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-045731","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276429,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwa-meetings/proceedings/278-proceedings-2013.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.3714,43.4915 ], [ -107.3714,44.564 ], [ -106.0085,44.564 ], [ -106.0085,43.4915 ], [ -107.3714,43.4915 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5387056de4b0aa26cd7b53c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, Adrian","contributorId":114141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Figueroa, Linda","contributorId":112780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figueroa","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509562,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolkersdorfer, Christian","contributorId":111680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolkersdorfer","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509561,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bern, Carleton R.","contributorId":59325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boehlke, Adam R. 0000-0003-4980-431X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-431X","contributorId":23835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlke","given":"Adam R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zupancic, John W.","contributorId":73885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zupancic","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104281,"text":"70104281 - 2013 - Evaluating analytical approaches for estimating pelagic fish biomass using simulated fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T12:56:27","indexId":"70104281","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T12:51:56","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating analytical approaches for estimating pelagic fish biomass using simulated fish communities","docAbstract":"Pelagic fish assessments often combine large amounts of acoustic-based fish density data and limited midwater trawl information to estimate species-specific biomass density. 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The label provides directions for the pesticide’s use and is legally enforceable under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. For a pesticide with high ecological risks, mitigation statements may be included on the label to reduce the pesticide’s risks and to support its registration. Many mitigation mandates are easy to implement and are effective, however, at times, well-intentioned but novel and untested mitigation requirements, though theoretically sound, may not be perceived by the pesticide users to be practical under operational settings. Courts of law recognize the pesticide label as a legal document, therefore it is imperative that the label mitigation mandates be achievable. 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During three breeding seasons (May – Jun) and winters (Dec – Feb) between 2010 and 2013, birds were monitored at 20 or 30 of these point locations via time-distance point counts (breeding) or area searches (winter). To ensure data from all 40 random locations were included in analyses, monitoring data from two consecutive years were combined. As a result, some points were monitored twice during the period of analysis. Even so, I have treated each survey as an independent monitoring event, thereby assuming each visit to be equally representative of the bird community for the entirety of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. 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Accurately comparing filtration methods is indeed difficult. Our method (1) and the method described by Borchardt et al. for determining recoveries are both acceptable approaches; however, each is designed to achieve a different research goal. Our study was designed to compare recoveries of multiple microorganisms in surface-water samples. Because, in practice, water-matrix effects come into play throughout filtration, concentration, and detection processes, we felt it important to incorporate those effects into the recovery results.

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