{"pageNumber":"1475","pageRowStart":"36850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46700,"records":[{"id":81367,"text":"81367 - 1989 - Premigrational movements and behavior of young mallards and wood ducks in north-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:04:18","indexId":"81367","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Premigrational movements and behavior of young mallards and wood ducks in north-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Movements and behavior of 89 young mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 48 young wood ducks (Aix sponsa) were monitored on a 932-km2 study area in north-central Minnesota in late summer and fall, 1972-74, with telemetry, visual observation, and aerial surveys. Initial flights of both species were confined to the natal (brood) marsh; first flights away from the natal marsh occurred in the third week after fledging in both species. First flights of young mallards and wood ducks away from their natal marshes were not significantly different between the sexes (mallard, mean = 4.95 km for females and 5.83 km for males; wood ducks, mean = 2.31 km for females and 2.64 km for males). However, flights away from the brood marshes by wood ducks were significantly shorter than for mallards.As young mallards and wood ducks grew, their daytime use of the natal marshes decreased in an irregular pattern as both species began daily flights between day- and night-use areas. Locally reared mallards made longer daily flights between use areas than did wood ducks, but wood ducks changed use areas with greater frequency before 1 October. Despite often extensive movements, most locally reared mallards and wood ducks remained in the vicinity of their brood marshes throughout fall until migration.Movement of young birds to new habitat was not the result of random searching and thus fortuitous discovery of nearby areas. Instead, birds seemed to learn of new habitat and develop movement patterns by associating with other birds; locally reared young always moved in the company of flocks of conspecifics that included adults and older immatures.Differences in movement patterns between the sexes of young birds and between young and adult birds cause them to be differentially distributed by age and sex on and near the breeding grounds. These differences are ultimately reflected in the distribution of the hunter harvest. We have interpreted generalizations about such phenomena, developed from analysis of continent-wide mallard banding data, using our data obtained from individually marked birds. We document (a) greater distances moved by early than by late-hatched young in the postbreeding period before migration, (b) differential movement of age and sex cohorts that explains greater hunting mortality of young than adults and of females than males near natal marshes, (c) differences in length and timing of postbreeding movements of adult male mallards and the postfledging movements of immature male mallards that help explain the northerly continental recovery distribution of young males, and (d) differential timing and rate of movement by birds through harvest areas (early departure of males and some return of females to natal marshes after the beginning of hunting) that explain differences in the timing of hunting season recoveries. Behavioral differences between the age and sex cohorts in the fall waterfowl population on and near their breeding grounds in north-central Minnesota can explain observed differences in survival and recovery rates of adult and young birds.The behaviors observed suggest to us that restrictive harvest regulations such as small-area closure may have little or no local benefits at the breeding grounds because premigratory assemblages of birds make extensive movements. In particular, protection of postbreeding adult females and locally reared young might only occur by closing large areas or scheduling extreme delays in the season opening, neither of which may be compatible with equitably apportioning waterfowl harvest at higher latitudes. Additional research on the local effects of restrictive regulations, and on age- and sex-specific differences in the timing, rate, and direction of fall movements of postbreeding waterfowl is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., Cowardin, L., and Tester, J., 1989, Premigrational movements and behavior of young mallards and wood ducks in north-central Minnesota: Fish and Wildlife Research 5, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tester, J.R.","contributorId":70510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tester","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":16021,"text":"ofr87217 - 1989 - Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T18:30:02.633611","indexId":"ofr87217","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-217","title":"Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for Chester County, Pennsylvania are given for 3,010 wells and 32 springs. Water levels are given for 48 observation wells measured monthly during 1936-86. Chemical analyses of ground water are given for major ions, physical properties, nutrients, metals and other trace constituents, volatile organic compounds, acid organic compounds, base-neutral organic compounds, organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated napthalenes, organophosphorous insecticides, organic acid herbicides, triazine herbicides, other organic compounds, and radionuclides.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87217","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 1989, Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-217, Report: iv, 198 p.; 2 Plates: 46.88 x 29.11 inches and 57.39 x 32.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87217.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 198 p.; 2 Plates: 46.88 x 29.11 inches and 57.39 x 32.02 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415179,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17162.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44964,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44963,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0217/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44962,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0217/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester 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Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015334,"text":"70015334 - 1989 - Improved dating of the Pliocene of the eastern South Atlantic using graphic correlation: implications for paleobiogeography and paleoceanography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015334","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved dating of the Pliocene of the eastern South Atlantic using graphic correlation: implications for paleobiogeography and paleoceanography","docAbstract":"Graphic correlation of foraminifer and nannofossil events establishes a high resolution chronology for the Pliocene at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 532. Coarsely sampled magnetic inclination data are reinterpreted to indicate a complete Pliocene section. The age model suggests mean accumulation rates of 9.5 cm 10-3 yr for the first half of the early Pliocene and 5.8 cm 10-3 yr throughout the later part of the early Pliocene - early Pleistocene. Major upwelling began at the location of Site 532 at 3.2 Ma. Time series analysis indicated a 41 ky cyclicity to the CaCO3 record between 2 and 4.5 Ma. Data support ages of 1.9 Ma for the first appearance of Globorotalia truncatulinoides and approximately isochronous southern hemisphere first appearances for Globorotalia crassaformis (4.70 Ma), Globorotalia puncticulata (4.77 Ma), and Globorotalia inflata (3.68 Ma). -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., 1989, Improved dating of the Pliocene of the eastern South Atlantic using graphic correlation: implications for paleobiogeography and paleoceanography: Micropaleontology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 279-292.","startPage":"279","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3955e4b0c8380cd618ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70140586,"text":"70140586 - 1989 - An algorithm for locating candidate labeling boxes within a polygon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:28:35","indexId":"70140586","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":709,"text":"American Cartographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An algorithm for locating candidate labeling boxes within a polygon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vector-based geographic information systems usually require annotation, such as a polygon number or attribute data, in a suitable location within a polygon. Traditional methods usually compute the polygon centroid, test the centroid for inclusion or exclusion, and select some alternative point when the centroid falls outside the polygon. Two problems are associated with this approach: (1) the text can be centered on the point, but may be placed in a visually awkward place, and (2) part of the text may fall outside the polygon and may overlap other polygon boundaries or other text labels. An algorithm is presented that circumvents both of these problems, by computing a number of horizontal candidate labeling rectangles (boxes) within a polygon from which a suitable selection can be made or from which one may conclude that the text label does not fit the polygon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304089783814034","usgsCitation":"van Roessel, J.W., 1989, An algorithm for locating candidate labeling boxes within a polygon: American Cartographer, v. 16, no. 3, p. 201-209, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304089783814034.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"209","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b2ce4b08de9379b328c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Roessel, Jan W.","contributorId":35745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Roessel","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015495,"text":"70015495 - 1989 - The Alabama, U.S.A., seismic event and strata collapse of May 7, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015495","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Alabama, U.S.A., seismic event and strata collapse of May 7, 1986","docAbstract":"On May 7, 1986, the residents of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, felt a seismic event of local magnitude 3.6 that occurred at the same time as a rock burst and roof collapse in an active longwall coal mine. Visual inspection of the seismograms reveals a deficiency in energy at frequencies above 20 Hz compared to tectonic earthquakes or surface blasts. The predominance of energy below 5 Hz may explain reports of body wave magnitudes (mb) greater than 4.2. Also, 1.0 Hz surface waves were more strongly excited than body waves and may explain local felt effects more typically associated with greater epicentral distances. All recorded first motions were dilatational. The concentration of stations in the northern hemisphere allows reverse motion on an east-trending near-vertical plane or strike-slip motion on northwest or southeast trending planes. The reverse focal mechanism is preferred, because the area of roof collapse and the area of active longwall mining are located between two east-striking loose vertical fracture zones. The characteristics of the seismic event suggest that it might have been sudden shear failure resulting from accumulated strain energy in overlying strata behind an active longwall. Although an alternate interpretation of the focal mechanism as an implosion or shear failure in the strata above previously mined out areas is also allowed by the first motion data, this alternate intepretation is not supported by geological data. ?? 1989 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874517","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Long, L., and Copeland, C., 1989, The Alabama, U.S.A., seismic event and strata collapse of May 7, 1986: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 129, no. 3-4, p. 415-421, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874517.","startPage":"415","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874517"},{"id":224098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba661e4b08c986b3210c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, L.T.","contributorId":24358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Copeland, C.W.","contributorId":72535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014983,"text":"70014983 - 1989 - Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T12:16:16.133079","indexId":"70014983","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15572358\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Seismicity is correlated in space and time with production from some oil and gas fields where pore pressures have<span>&nbsp;</span><i>declined</i><span>&nbsp;</span>by several tens of megapascals. Reverse faulting has occurred both above and below petroleum reservoirs, and normal faulting has occurred on the flanks of at least one reservoir. The theory of poroelasticity requires that fluid extraction locally alter the state of stress. Calculations with simple geometries predict stress perturbations that are consistent with observed earthquake locations and focal mechanisms. Measurements of surface displacement and strain, pore pressure, stress, and poroelastic rock properties in such areas could be used to test theoretical predictions and improve our understanding of earthquake mechanics.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0942:ETBFE>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Segall, P., 1989, Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction: Geology, v. 17, no. 10, p. 942-946, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0942:ETBFE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"942","endPage":"946","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a052ae4b0c8380cd50ca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015612,"text":"70015612 - 1989 - Comparison of geoelectrical/tectonic models for suture zones in the western U.S.A. and eastern Europe: are black shales a possible source of high conductivities?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:17:28","indexId":"70015612","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of geoelectrical/tectonic models for suture zones in the western U.S.A. and eastern Europe: are black shales a possible source of high conductivities?","docAbstract":"Large-scale geoelectrical anomalies have been mapped with geomagnetic depth sounding (GDS) and magnetotelluric (MT) surveys in the Carpathian Mountains region. These anomalies are associated with the zone of closure between stable Europe and a complex of microplates in front of the converging African plate. The zone of closure, or suture zone, is largely occupied by an extensive deformed flysch belt. The models derived to fit the observed geoelectrical data are useful in the study of other suture zones, and Carpathian structures have been compared with areas currently being studied in the western Cordillera of the U.S.A. Models derived for a smaller-scale suture zone mapped in western Washington State have features that are similar to the Carpathian models. The geoelectrical models for both the Carpathian and Washington anomalies require dipping conductive slabs of 1-5 ?? m material that extends to depths > 20 km. In both instances there is evidence that these materials may merge with lower crustal-mantle conductors along the down-dip margins of the slab. The main conductive units are interpreted to be sedimentary rocks that have been partially subducted due to collisional processes. Heat flow is low in both regions and it is difficult to explain fully the deep conduction mechanisms; however, evidence suggests that the conduction at depth may include electronic conduction in sulfide mineral or carbon films as well as ionic conduction in fluids or partial melt. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(89)90007-1","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W.D., 1989, Comparison of geoelectrical/tectonic models for suture zones in the western U.S.A. and eastern Europe: are black shales a possible source of high conductivities?: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 228-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90007-1.","startPage":"228","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90007-1"},{"id":224431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f866e4b0c8380cd4d098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015424,"text":"70015424 - 1989 - Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T18:09:35.172787","indexId":"70015424","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Primary productivity in the water column was measured 14 times between April 1985 and April 1986 at three sites in Tomales Bay, California, USA The conditions at these three stations encompassed the range of hydrographic conditions, phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton community composition, and turbidity typical of this coastal embayment. Linear regression of the measured daily carbon uptake against the composite parameter&nbsp;</span><i>B</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span><i>I</i><sub><i>o</i></sub><span>&nbsp;(where&nbsp;</span><i>B</i><span>&nbsp;is the average phytoplankton biomass in the photic zone;&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span>&nbsp;is the photic depth; and&nbsp;</span><i>I</i><sub><i>o</i></sub><span>&nbsp;is the daily surface insolation) indicates that 90% of the variability in primary productivity is explained by variations in phytoplankton biomass and light availability. The linear function derived using Tomales Bay data is essentially the same as that which explains more than 80% of the variation in productivity in four other estuarine systems. Using the linear function and measured values for&nbsp;</span><i>B</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>I</i><sub><i>o</i></sub><span>, the daily photic-zone productivity was estimated for 10 sites at monthly intervals over the annual period. The average daily photic-zone productivity for the 10 sites ranged from 0·2 to 2·2 g C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. The bay-wide average annual primary productivity in the water column was 400 g C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, with most of the uptake occuring in spring and early summer. Spatial and temporal variations in primary productivity were similar to variations in phytoplankton biomass. Productivity was highest in the seaward and central regions of the bay and lowest in the shallow landward region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., 1989, Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 28, no. 1, p. 103-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tomales Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              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B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015812,"text":"70015812 - 1989 - Morphology and growth history of Delgada Fan: Implications for the Neogene evolution of Point Arena Basin and the Mendocino Triple Junction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:28:44.805145","indexId":"70015812","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and growth history of Delgada Fan: Implications for the Neogene evolution of Point Arena Basin and the Mendocino Triple Junction","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-range side scan (GLORIA) sonographs and seismic reflection data acquired during a survey of the western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in 1984, coupled with information from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites, provide new insights into the growth and evolution of the Delgada Fan. Construction of the fan commenced in the latest Miocene (∼6 Ma) following the filling of the Neogene Point Arena Basin. The fan presently covers more than 50×10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of the Pacific plate and contains approximately 15×10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of predominantly terrigenous detritus. The large size of the fan is incompatible with the small present-day supply of sediment to the canyon system. The GLORIA data show the Delgada Fan to be a hybrid-type fan, exhibiting characteristics of both elongate and radial fans. The morphology and volume of the fan, along with evidence for a decline in accumulation rates on the lower fan during the Quaternary period, suggest that the fan experienced an early growth phase (latest Miocene and Pliocene) characterized by relatively rapid progradation of elongate fan lobes followed by a period (Quaternary) of slower growth that has featured a shift of depocenters to sites closer to the canyons and a transition to distributary channels bordered by less prominent levees and overbank deposits. We examine the growth of Delgada Fan in relation to the Neogene evolution of the North American-Pacific plate boundary using a series of paleogeographic reconstructions based on recently published time displacement histories of the Mendocino triple junction (MTJ), the San Andreas fault (SAF), and the Pacific plate, upon which the fan rests. The time displacement curves for the SAF and the MTJ suggest that the MTJ and Mendocino Fracture Zone overtook and passed Point Arena Basin at about 10 Ma when the basin lay immediately southwest of the present San Francisco Bay area. We suggest that the MTJ joined the SAF at approximately that time and location, thus making the SAF the master fault in the transform system. This interpretation is compatible with evidence from seismic reflection profiles over the fan, which demonstrate that the fan and the canyon system and therefore Point Arena Basin have moved as a unit since the inception of fan growth (∼6–7 Ma). Point Arena Basin lay southwest of the San Francisco area at 10–12 Ma, and the passage of the MTJ caused the disruption of the forearc shelf and slope and the development of local uplifted and subsiding blocks. In particular, uplift of the “bay block” immediately east of the SAF may have provided the source area for the late Miocene sediments that filled Point Arena Basin and set the stage for the growth of Delgada Canyon and Fan system. The growth rate of the fan has decreased, and the style of deposition has changed as the system was tectonically transported to its present location adjacent to the small youthful drainages of the King Range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB03p03139","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., Cacchione, D., Gardner, J., McCulloch, D.S., and Masson, D., 1989, Morphology and growth history of Delgada Fan: Implications for the Neogene evolution of Point Arena Basin and the Mendocino Triple Junction: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B3, p. 3139-3158, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB03p03139.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3139","endPage":"3158","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e4de4b0c8380cd70947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masson, D.","contributorId":59564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014940,"text":"70014940 - 1989 - On numerical modeling of one-dimensional geothermal histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:29:01","indexId":"70014940","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On numerical modeling of one-dimensional geothermal histories","docAbstract":"Numerical models of one-dimensional geothermal histories are one way of understanding the relations between tectonics and transient thermal structure in the crust. Such models can be powerful tools for interpreting geochronologic and thermobarometric data. A flexible program to calculate these models on a microcomputer is available and examples of its use are presented. Potential problems with this approach include the simplifying assumptions that are made, limitations of the numerical techniques, and the neglect of convective heat transfer. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(89)90084-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R., 1989, On numerical modeling of one-dimensional geothermal histories: Computers & Geosciences, v. 15, no. 5, p. 825-836, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(89)90084-8.","startPage":"825","endPage":"836","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266175,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(89)90084-8"},{"id":224279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6da1e4b0c8380cd75233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, R. A. 0000-0001-7302-4351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":42953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015560,"text":"70015560 - 1989 - Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015560","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey deep crustal studies reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine off southeastern New England was affected by three sources of noise: side-scattered noise, multiples, and 20-Hz whale sounds. The special processing most effective in minimizing this noise consisted of a combination of frequency-wavenumber (F-K) filtering, predictive deconvolution, and spectral whitening, each applied in the shot domain (prestack). Application of the F-K filter to remove side-scatter noise in the poststack domain resulted in a much poorer quality profile. The prestack noise suppression processing techniques resulted in a reflection profile with good signal-to-noise ratios and reliable strong reflections, especially at depths equivalent to the lower crust (24-34 km). Certain geologic features, such as a buried rift basin and a crustal fault are resolved much better within the upper crust after this processing. Finite difference migration of these data using realistic velocities produced excellent results. Migration was essential to distinguish between abundant dipping and subhorizontal reflections in the lower crust as well as to show an essentially transparent upper mantle. ?? 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00286247","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., and Lee, M.W., 1989, Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 11, no. 1, p. 51-67, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286247.","startPage":"51","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286247"},{"id":224377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dbee4b0c8380cd7edda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015428,"text":"70015428 - 1989 - Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:18:34.318727","indexId":"70015428","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","docAbstract":"Problems include: a) definition of the spatial and temporal distribution of model input; b) measurement or estimation of snow accumulation, snowmelt, and runoff process parameters for a range of applications and scales; and c) development of accurate short term and long term snowmelt runoff forecasts. Procedures being investigated to solve these problems include: a) integrating conventional and remote-sensing data to improve estimates of input data; b) developing snowmelt process algorithms which have parameters that are closely related to measurable basin and climatic characteristics; and c) updating model paramters and components using measured data or knowledge of past uncertainty. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626668909491371","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., 1989, Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 34, no. 6, p. 617-634, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ce2e4b0c8380cd7e93c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014984,"text":"70014984 - 1989 - Geographic information system/watershed model interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70014984","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geographic information system/watershed model interface","docAbstract":"Geographic information systems allow for the interactive analysis of spatial data related to water-resources investigations. A conceptual design for an interface between a geographic information system and a watershed model includes functions for the estimation of model parameter values. Design criteria include ease of use, minimal equipment requirements, a generic data-base management system, and use of a macro language. An application is demonstrated for a 90.1-square-kilometer subbasin of the Patuxent River near Unity, Maryland, that performs automated derivation of watershed parameters for hydrologic modeling.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Fisher, G.T., 1989, Geographic information system/watershed model interface, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 851-856.","startPage":"851","endPage":"856","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a176de4b0c8380cd554d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Gary T. gtfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016027,"text":"70016027 - 1989 - Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T11:01:47.057678","indexId":"70016027","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Cores collected from Long Island Sound, Connecticut, were used to establish control on the geologic framework of the area. Lithologic and stratigraphic analyses verified the presence of the following units: (1) Cretaceous coastal plain, (2) Pleistocene glacial till, (3) late Pleistocene glacial lake, (4) late Pleistocene glacial outwash, and (5) Holocene fluvial, estuarine and marine deposits.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Cores collected in Block Island Sound, Rhode Island, were obtained from inferred, relict shoreline features and were analyzed for heavy mineral content. Concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 3.4%; no significant downcore changes were found. The results indicated that surficial sediments in areas of high-velocity tidal flow yield greater amounts of heavy minerals than do inferred placer deposits.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">During the second phase of the program of study, Connecticut and Rhode Island pooled resources to develop a study plan for the comprehensive quantification of all non-energy resources in the adjacent waters of the states. A literature and data survey was conducted to assess the occurrence, extent, and accessibility of these resources. Sand and gravel and heavy minerals were found in concentrations offering potential for resource exploitation. Constraints on exploitation include (1) water depth restrictions for the protection of shellfish beds and public beaches, (2) fishing activities, (3) military, commercial, and fishing vessel traffic, (4) seafloor cable routes and (5) dump sites. Deposits composed of Pleistocene glacial sediments and/or Holocene marine sediments in regions of little or no user conflict were identified as sites potentially suitable for resource exploitation. The study plan stated additional data needs (geophysical profiling and vibracore sampling) at these sites. Subsequent to these recommendations, high-resolution seismic profiles and sidescan sonographs were obtained from these sites. Seismic stratigraphic analyses confirm the presence of extensive deposits of potential economic value.</div></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(89)90122-9","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Neff, N., and Lewis, R.S., 1989, Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters: Marine Geology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 125-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90122-9.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6743e4b0c8380cd7324e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, N.F.","contributorId":98042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015871,"text":"70015871 - 1989 - Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:45:57","indexId":"70015871","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>I<span>njection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive, saltwater-bearing, fractured dolomite underlying the city of St. Petersburg, Florida, provided an opportunity to study density-dependent flow associated with two miscible and density-different liquids. The injection zone was 98 m thick with a radial hydraulic conductivity of 762 m/d and a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 152 m/d. Mean chloride concentrations of the injectant during two tests of 91 and 366 days duration were 180 and 170 mg/L, respectively, whereas chloride concentration of native salt water ranged from 19,000 to 20,000 mg/L. During the 366-day test, chloride concentration in water from a well open to the upper part of the injection zone 223 m from the injection well approximately stabilized at about 4000 mg/L. Relatively constant chloride concentrations in water from this observation well at a level significantly greater than the injectant concentration suggested the hypothesis that circular convection with saltwater flow added chloride ions to the injection zone flow sampled at the observation well. In order to assess the acceptability of the circular convection hypothesis, information was required about the velocity field during injection. Mass transport model simulations were used to provide this information, after determining that the fractured injection zone could be treated as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity. The mass transport model was calibrated using the 91-day test data from two observation wells 223 m from the injection well. The model was then run without parameter changes to simulate the 366-day test. Mass fractions of injectant computed for four observation wells during the 366-day test compared favorably with observed mass fractions. Observed mass fractions were calculated as a function of chloride concentration and density. Comparisons between model-computed mass fraction and velocity fields in a radial section showed circular convection, with salt water flowing toward the injection well in the lower part of the injection zone. The salt water then mixed with the injectant, and the mixture flowed away from the injection well in the upper part of the injection zone. On the basis of the model results and the assumed reasonableness of treating the injection zone as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity, the hypothesis of circular convection with saltwater flow during subsurface injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive saltwater-bearing fractured dolomite was judged acceptable.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i007p01481","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.J., 1989, Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1481-1494, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i007p01481.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1494","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"St. Petersburg","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.8753662109375,\n              27.605670826465445\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5238037109375,\n              27.605670826465445\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5238037109375,\n              27.943459889766487\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8753662109375,\n              27.943459889766487\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8753662109375,\n              27.605670826465445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f604e4b0c8380cd4c555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, John J.","contributorId":39763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016026,"text":"70016026 - 1989 - Evaluating geographic information systems technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016026","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating geographic information systems technology","docAbstract":"Computerized geographic information systems (GISs) are emerging as the spatial data handling tools of choice for solving complex geographical problems. However, few guidelines exist for assisting potential users in identifying suitable hardware and software. A process to be followed in evaluating the merits of GIS technology is presented. Related standards and guidelines, software functions, hardware components, and benchmarking are discussed. By making users aware of all aspects of adopting GIS technology, they can decide if GIS is an appropriate tool for their application and, if so, which GIS should be used.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Guptill, S., 1989, Evaluating geographic information systems technology: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 11, p. 1583-1587.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1587","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be4e4b0c8380cd52918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guptill, Stephen C.","contributorId":103250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"Stephen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015710,"text":"70015710 - 1989 - Use of a new high-speed digital data acquisition system in airborne ice-sounding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015710","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a new high-speed digital data acquisition system in airborne ice-sounding","docAbstract":"A high-speed digital data acquisition and signal averaging system for borehole, surface, and airborne radio-frequency geophysical measurements was designed and built by the US Geological Survey. The system permits signal averaging at rates high enough to achieve significant signal-to-noise enhancement in profiling, even in airborne applications. The first field use of the system took place in Greenland in 1987 for recording data on a 150 by 150-km grid centered on the summit of the Greenland ice sheet. About 6000-line km were flown and recorded using the new system. The data can be used to aid in siting a proposed scientific corehole through the ice sheet.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.1989.35938","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Wright, D.L., Bradley, J.A., and Hodge, S.M., 1989, Use of a new high-speed digital data acquisition system in airborne ice-sounding: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 27, no. 5, p. 561-567, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1989.35938.","startPage":"561","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479916,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://semanticscholar.org/paper/9ce8c7b066af13a7cf96da94e90479d216d3940d","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1989.35938"},{"id":224386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe99e4b08c986b32969a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, David L. dwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","email":"dwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Jerry A.","contributorId":37077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodge, Steven M.","contributorId":68467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodge","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016063,"text":"70016063 - 1989 - Regional Jurassic geologic framework of Alabama coastal waters area and adjacent Federal waters area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T10:56:02.710547","indexId":"70016063","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional Jurassic geologic framework of Alabama coastal waters area and adjacent Federal waters area","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">To date, numerous Jurassic hydrocarbon fields and pools have been discovered in the Cotton Valley Group, Haynesville Formation, Smackover Formation and Norphlet Formation in the tri-state area of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida, and in Alabama State coastal waters and adjacent Federal waters area. Petroleum traps are basement highs, salt anticlines, faulted salt anticlines and extensional faults associated with salt movement. Reservoirs include continental and marine sandstones, limestones and dolostones. Hydrocarbon types are oil, condensate and natural gas. The onshore stratigraphic and structural information can be used to establish a regional geologic framework for the Jurassic for the State coastal waters and adjacent Federal waters areas. Evaluation of the geologic information along with the hydrocarbon data from the tri-state area indicates that at least three Jurassic hydrocarbon trends (oil, oil and gas condensate, and deep natural gas) can be identified onshore. These onshore hydrocarbon trends can be projected into the Mobile area in the Central Gulf of Mexico and into the Pensacola, Destin Dome and Apalachicola areas in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico. Substantial reserves of natural gas are expected to be present in Alabama State waters and the northern portion of the Mobile area. Significant accumulations of oil and gas condensate may be encountered in the Pensacola, Destin Dome, and Apalachicola areas.</div></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(89)90112-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Mink, R., Bearden, B., and Mancini, E.A., 1989, Regional Jurassic geologic framework of Alabama coastal waters area and adjacent Federal waters area: Marine Geology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 39-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90112-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a467e4b0e8fec6cdbb74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mink, R.M.","contributorId":48709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mink","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bearden, B.L.","contributorId":101388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bearden","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mancini, E. A.","contributorId":18114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mancini","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015502,"text":"70015502 - 1989 - Late Cenozoic sea-level changes and the onset of glaciation: impact on continental slope progradation off eastern Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:26:51","indexId":"70015502","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic sea-level changes and the onset of glaciation: impact on continental slope progradation off eastern Canada","docAbstract":"Late Cenozoic sedimentation from four varied sites on the continental slopes off southeastern Canada has been analysed using high-resolution airgun multichannel seismic profiles, supplemented with some single channel data. Biostratigraphic ties are available to exploratory wells at three of the sites. Uniform, slow accumulation of hemipelagic sediments was locally terminated by the late Miocene sea-level lowering, which is also reflected in changes in foraminiferan faunas on the continental shelf. Data are very limited for the early Pliocene but suggest a return to slow hemipelagic sedimentation. At the beginning of the late Pliocene, there was a change in sedimentation style marked by a several-fold increase in accumulation rates and cutting of slope valleys. This late Pliocene cutting of slope valleys corresponds to the onset of late Cenozoic growth of the Laurentian Fan and the initiation of turbidite sedimentation on the Sohm Abyssal Plain. Although it corresponds to a time of sea-level lowering, the contrast with the late Miocene lowstand indicates that there must also have been a change in sediment delivery to the coastline, perhaps as a result of increased rainfall or development of valley glaciers. High sedimentation rates continued into the early Pleistocene, but the extent of slope dissection by gullies increased. Gully-cutting episodes alternated with sediment-draping episodes. Throughout the southeastern Canadian continental margin, there was a change in sedimentation style in the middle Pleistocene that resulted from extensive ice sheets crossing the continental shelf and delivering coarse sediment directly to the continental slope. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(89)90030-5","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., and Normark, W.R., 1989, Late Cenozoic sea-level changes and the onset of glaciation: impact on continental slope progradation off eastern Canada: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 336-347, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(89)90030-5.","startPage":"336","endPage":"347","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268649,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(89)90030-5"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c9e4b0c8380cd66da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003554,"text":"1003554 - 1989 - A macrophyte submodel for aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:51:47.537351","indexId":"1003554","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A macrophyte submodel for aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>A macrophyte submodel has been incorporated and tested in CE-QUAL-R1, a one-dimensional, vertically averaged model of reservoir water quality. A quasi two-dimensional scheme was necessary to represent the spatial relationship of macrophytes in reservoirs adequately. The macrophyte processes modeled were photosynthesis, dark respiration, excretion and nonpredatory mortality. Process equations for photosynthesis as a function of light and temperature, and dark respiration as a function of temperature were tested using data from laboratory studies. The submodel was field tested, along with other components of CE-QUAL-R1, using data collected at Eau Galle Reservoir, WI, U.S.A.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3770(89)90037-5","usgsCitation":"Collins, C.D., and Wlosinski, J.H., 1989, A macrophyte submodel for aquatic ecosystems: Aquatic Botany, v. 33, no. 3-4, p. 191-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(89)90037-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Eau Galle Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.25092258188174,\n              44.86636499940943\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.25092258188174,\n              44.85564026067513\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.23459609225418,\n              44.85564026067513\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.23459609225418,\n              44.86636499940943\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.25092258188174,\n              44.86636499940943\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae222","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Carol Desormeau","contributorId":95020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Desormeau","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wlosinski, Joseph H.","contributorId":75488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wlosinski","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015391,"text":"70015391 - 1989 - Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015391","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3412,"text":"Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geothermal gradients as interpreted from a series of high-resolution stabilized well-bore-temperature surveys from 46 North Slope, Alaska, wells vary laterally and vertically throughout the near-surface sediment (0-2,000 m). The data from these surveys have been used in conjunction with depths of ice-bearing permafrost, as interpreted from 102 well logs, to project geothermal gradients within and below the ice-bearing permafrost sequence. The geothermal gradients calculated from the projected temperature profiles are similar to the geothermal gradients measured in the temperature surveys. Measured and projected geothermal gradients in the ice-bearing permafrost sequence range from 1.5??C/100m in the Prudhoe Bay area to 5.1??C/100m in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Bird, K.J., and Magoon, L.B., 1989, Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the North Slope, Alaska: Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d90e4b08c986b31d903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014939,"text":"70014939 - 1989 - Shaded relief map of US topography from digital elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:29:31.581879","indexId":"70014939","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shaded relief map of US topography from digital elevations","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Much geologic and geophysical information that lies encoded within land surface form can be revealed by image processing large files of digitized elevations in fast machines and mapping the results. This convergence of computers, analytic software, data, and output devices has created exciting opportunities for automating the numerical and spatial study of topography. One recent result is the accompanying shaded relief map of the conterminous 48 states.</p><p>A shaded relief image of topography mimics a cloud-free monochrome aerial photograph taken at low Sun. Gray tones represent different terrain slopes and azimuths calculated from adjacent elevations stored in a uniform grid, or digital elevation model (DEM). Sun elevation and direction can be varied to generate complementary views of the same area. The synoptic coverage of these computer images is a major advantage; unlike a photograph, image extent is limited only by size of the elevation array. Shaded relief maps also are free of the distortion found in radar images and of the vegetation and cultural features that mask topographic form on Landsat and SPOT images.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/89EO00291","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., and Thelin, G., 1989, Shaded relief map of US topography from digital elevations: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 70, no. 38, p. 843-853, https://doi.org/10.1029/89EO00291.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"853","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ddce4b08c986b3185d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelin, G.P.","contributorId":84421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015499,"text":"70015499 - 1989 - Statistical frequency analysis of flood records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015499","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Statistical frequency analysis of flood records","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, like other Federal agencies, uses Hydrology Subcommittee Bulletin 17 for guidance in statistical frequency analysis of flood records. This paper describes the formal statistical and computational aspects of the Bulletin 17 methodology. The methodology includes provisions for dealing with high and low out-liers, historic peaks, and other anomalous flood data. If these options are inadequate, alternative procedures may be used if properly documented.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Kirby, W., 1989, Statistical frequency analysis of flood records, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 366-371.","startPage":"366","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b972de4b08c986b31b91b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, W.","contributorId":38605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015362,"text":"70015362 - 1989 - Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in vitrinite concentrates from a rank series from the eastern United States, England, and Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T01:06:18.685502","indexId":"70015362","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in vitrinite concentrates from a rank series from the eastern United States, England, and Australia","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>A rank series consisting of twelve vitrinite concentrates and companion whole-coal samples from mined coal beds in the eastern United States, England, and Australia were analyzed for C, H, N, O, ash, and 47 trace and minor elements by standard elemental, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and direct-current-arc spectrographic (DCAS) techniques. The reflectance of vitrinite, atomic H:C and O:C, and ash-free carbon data were used to determine ranks that range from high-volatile C bituminous coal to meta-anthracite. A van Krevelen (atomic H:C vs. O:C) diagram of the vitrinite concentrates shows a smooth curve having its lowest point at H:C = 0.18 and O:C = 0.01. This improves the van Krevelen diagram by the addition of our vitrinite concentrate from meta-anthracite from the Narragansett basin of New England.</p><p>Boron content (400–450 ppm) in two Illinois basin vitrinite concentrates was about an order of magnitude higher than B contents in other concentrates analyzed. We attribute this to marine origin or hydrothermal activity. The alkaline-earth elements Ca, Mg and Ba (DCAS) have higher concentrations in our vitrinite concentrates from bituminous coals of the Appalachian basin, than they do in vitrinite concentrates from the marine-roofed bituminous coals of the Illinois basin; therefore, a nonmarine origin for these alkaline-earth elements is postulated for the Appalachian basin coals. An ion-exchange mechanism due to high concentrations of these elements as ions in diagenetic water, but probably not recent ground water, may be responsible for the relatively high values of these elements in Appalachian concentrates. Higher concentrations of Ni and Cr in one of the English vitrinite concentrates and of Zr in the Australian concentrate probably indicate organic association and detrital influence, respectively.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(89)90105-5","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Palmer, C., Bostick, N.H., Fletcher, J., Dulong, F., Brown, F.W., Brown, Z.A., Krasnow, M., and Romankiw, L., 1989, Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in vitrinite concentrates from a rank series from the eastern United States, England, and Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 13, no. 1-4, p. 481-527, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(89)90105-5.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"527","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a5e4b0c8380cd4c33c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bostick, N. H.","contributorId":67099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, F. W.","contributorId":92653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krasnow, M.R.","contributorId":25952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krasnow","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Romankiw, L.A.","contributorId":85724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romankiw","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70015438,"text":"70015438 - 1989 - Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:52:59.783421","indexId":"70015438","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip amplitude are compared with nonlinear parametrizations for both slip amplitude and rupture time. Inversions using both synthetic and empirical Green's functions are considered. In general, accurate Green's functions are more readily calculable for the teleseismic problem where simple ray theory and flat-layered velocity structures are usually sufficient. However, uncertainties in the variation in&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>* with frequency most limit the resolution of teleseismic inversions. A set of empirical Green's functions that are well recorded at teleseismic distances could avoid the uncertainties in attenuation. In the inversion of strong motion data, the accurate calculation of propagation path effects other than attenuation effects is the limiting factor in the resolution of source parameters. The assumption of a laterally homogeneous velocity structure is usually not a good one, and the use of empirical Green's functions is desirable. Considering the parametrization of the problem, any degree of fault rupture complexity can be described in terms of a linear parametrization for slip amplitudes. However, a nonlinear parametrization for rupture times and slip amplitudes can have a distinct advantage over a simple linear one by limiting the number of unknown parameters. Regardless of the choice of data or the type of parametrization, the model or solution will be affected by the choice of minimization norm and the type of stabilization used.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB06p07515","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., 1989, Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B6, p. 7515-7534, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB06p07515.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7515","endPage":"7534","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f88be4b0c8380cd4d193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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