{"pageNumber":"1476","pageRowStart":"36875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41022,"records":[{"id":17989,"text":"ofr86309 - 1986 - Description of sediment data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in small watersheds in coal-mining areas of the eastern United States, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:35:33","indexId":"ofr86309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-309","title":"Description of sediment data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in small watersheds in coal-mining areas of the eastern United States, 1980-84","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 20 small watersheds in the surface-mining areas of the eastern United States from 1980 through 1984 as part of the Survey1 s coal-hydrology program. Each data set includes sediment-concentration, streamflow, and precipitation data collected at 5- or 15-minute intervals. One reason for collecting the data was to test the sediment component of a watershed model. However, adequate testing requires reliable calibration data collected at several points during the rise and fall of hydrographs of several storms. Therefore, the quantity and quality of the data sets needed to be described to determine which sets could be used to test a model adequately. The data sets are described in a table that presents information about watershed characteristics, period of record, and amount of useful sediment data. Also, similar data sets collected by 10 Survey project offices during other Survey programs are described in a similar table.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr86309","usgsCitation":"Arihood, L.D., 1986, Description of sediment data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in small watersheds in coal-mining areas of the eastern United States, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-309, iii, 15 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86309.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :map ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47233,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d3c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13917,"text":"ofr85693 - 1986 - Availability of selected meteorological data in computer-based files of the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr85693","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-693","title":"Availability of selected meteorological data in computer-based files of the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Meteorological data were located, acquired, and stored from selected stations in Montana and North Dakota coal regions and adjacent areas including South Dakota and Wyoming. Data that were acquired have potential use in small watershed modeling studies. Emphasis was placed on acquiring data that was collected during the period 1970 to the present (1984). A map shows the location and type of stations selected. A narration summarizing conventions used in acquiring and storing the meteorological data is provided along with the various retrieval options available. Individual station descriptions are followed by tables listing the meteorological variables collected, period of obtained record, percentage of data recovery, and the instruments used and their description. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85693","usgsCitation":"Link, B.L., and Cary, L.E., 1986, Availability of selected meteorological data in computer-based files of the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-693, v, 36 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85693.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0693/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42587,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0693/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, Brenda L.","contributorId":33971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cary, L. E.","contributorId":47369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cary","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25512,"text":"wri864133 - 1986 - Flow testing of the Newberry 2 research drillhole, Newberry volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:20","indexId":"wri864133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4133","title":"Flow testing of the Newberry 2 research drillhole, Newberry volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"A 20 hour flow test of the Newberry 2 research drillhole at Newberry Volcano produced about 33,000 kilograms of fluid. The flow rate declined from about 0.8 kilograms per sec to less than 0.3 kilograms per sec during the course of the test. The mass ratio of liquid water to vapor was about 3:2 at the separator and stayed fairly constant throughout the test. The vapor phase was about half steam and half CO2 by weight. The average enthalpy of the steam/water mixture at the separator was about 1 ,200 kilojoules per kilogram. Because of the low flow rate and the large temperature gradient into the surrounding rocks, heat loss from the wellbore was high; a simple conductive model gives overall losses of about 1,200 kilojoules per kilogram of H2O produced. The actual heat loss may have been even higher due to convective effects, and it is likely that the fluid entering the bottom of the wellbore was largely or entirely steam and CO2. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864133","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Carothers, W., Mariner, R.H., Gudmundsson, J., and Sammel, E., 1986, Flow testing of the Newberry 2 research drillhole, Newberry volcano, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4133, v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864133.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54229,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de7fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carothers, W.W.","contributorId":43803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carothers","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gudmundsson, J.S.","contributorId":103315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudmundsson","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sammel, E.A.","contributorId":59480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammel","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":16433,"text":"ofr867 - 1986 - Predictive spatial modeling of narcotic crop growth patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T10:48:56","indexId":"ofr867","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-7","title":"Predictive spatial modeling of narcotic crop growth patterns","docAbstract":"<p>Spatial models for predicting the geographic distribution of marijuana crops have been developed and are being evaluated for use in law enforcement programs. The models are based on growing condition preferences and on psychological inferences regarding grower behavior. Experiences of local law officials were used to derive the initial model, which was updated and improved as data from crop finds were archived and statistically analyzed. The predictive models are changed as crop locations are moved in response to the pressures of law enforcement. </p><p>The models use spatial data in a raster geographic information system. The spatial data are derived from the U.S. Geological Survey's US GeoData, standard 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps, interpretations of aerial photographs, and thematic maps. Updating of cultural patterns, canopy closure, and other dynamic features is conducted through interpretation of aerial photographs registered to the 7.5-minute quadrangle base. The model is used to numerically weight various data layers that have been processed using spread functions, edge definition, and categorization. </p><p>The building of the spatial data base, model development, model application, product generation, and use are collectively referred to as the Area Reduction Program (ARP). The goal of ARP is to provide law enforcement officials with tactical maps that show the most likely locations for narcotic crops. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr867","usgsCitation":"Waltz, F.A., and Moore, D.G., 1986, Predictive spatial modeling of narcotic crop growth patterns: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-7, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr867.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45401,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltz, Frederick A.","contributorId":20257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltz","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16393,"text":"ofr86138 - 1986 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16393,"text":"ofr86138 - 1986 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"ofr86138","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70044053,"text":"70044053 - 1987 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"70044053","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70044053,"text":"70044053 - 1987 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"70044053","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T00:52:45.562195","indexId":"ofr86138","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-138","title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","docAbstract":"<p>During 1979-84, 35 wells completed in the principal aquifer in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, that had been sampled during 1962-67 were resampled to determine if water quality changes had occurred. The dissolved solids concentration of the water from 13 of the wells has increased by more than 10% since 1962-67. </p><p>Much of the ground water between the mouth of Bingham Canyon and the Jordan River about 10 mi to the east has been contaminated by seepage from reservoirs and evaporation ponds associated with mining activities. Many domestic and irrigation wells yield water with concentrations of dissolved solids that exceed 2,000 mg/L. A reservoir in the mouth of Bingham Canyon contains acidic waters with a pH of 3 to 4 and concentrations of dissolved solids ranging from 43,000 to 68,000 mg/L. Seepage from evaporation ponds, which are about 4.5 mi east of the reservoir, also is acidic and contains similar concentrations of dissolved solids. East of the reservoir, where a steep hydraulic gradient exists along the mountain front, the velocities of contaminant movement were estimated to range from about 680-1,000 ft/yr. </p><p>Groundwater underlying part of the community of South Salt Lake near the Jordan River has been contaminated by leachate from uranium-mill tailings. The major effect of the leachate from the tailings of the Vitro Chemical Co. on the shallow unconfined aquifer downgradient from the tailings was the contribution of measurable quantities of dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, iron, and uranium. The concentration of dissolved solids in uncontaminated water was 1,650 mg/L, whereas downgradient from the tailings area, the concentrations ranged from 2,320-21,000 mg/L. The maximum volume of contaminated water was estimated to be 7,800 acre-ft. </p><p>The major effect of the leachate from the Vitro tailings on the confined aquifer was the contribution of measurable quantities of dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, and iron. The concentration of dissolved solids upgradient from the tailings was 330 mg/L, and beneath and downgradient from the tailings the concentrations were 864 and 1,240 mg/L. The minimum volume of contaminated water in the confined aquifer was estimated to be about 12,000 acre-ft. </p><p><span>A calibrated, 3-dimensional, ground-water flow model was used to simulate </span><span>potential changes in the potentiometric surface due to hypothetical ground-</span><span>water withdrawals from a postulated well field in the vicinity of the Salt </span><span>Lake International Center. Using a pumping rate of 30 cubic feet per second, </span><span>it would require about 3,900 years for the saline ground water from beneath </span><span>the lake to travel the 7 miles to the postulated well field. </span>(Lantz-PTT)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86138","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Seiler, R.L., and Solomon, D.K., 1986, Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-138, Report: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 29.93 x 42.04 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86138.","productDescription":"Report: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 29.93 x 42.04 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383563,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4883e4b07f02db517e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":14980,"text":"ofr86269 - 1986 - Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7362,"text":"ofr84842 - 1984 - Ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP) software; modification II","indexId":"ofr84842","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP) software; modification II"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":14980,"text":"ofr86269 - 1986 - Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III","indexId":"ofr86269","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr86269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-269","title":"Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86269","usgsCitation":"Miller, G., 1986, Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) software; modification III: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-269, ii, 128 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86269.","productDescription":"ii, 128 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43790,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, G.K.","contributorId":43793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15324,"text":"ofr86565 - 1986 - Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T14:20:00","indexId":"ofr86565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-565","title":"Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>A newly recognized Tertiary dike complex and comagmatic volcanic rocks exposed on the central Saudi Arabian coastal plain record early stages of magmatism related to Red Sea rifting. Intrusive and stratigraphic relationships, and new potassium-argon dating indicate episodic magmatism from about 30 Ma to the present. Additional stratigraphic and radiometric evidence suggests that limited rift-related magmatism may have began as early as about 50 Ma ago. An early phase of crustal extension in the region was accompanied by faulting and graben formation and by dike-swarm intrusion. The style of extension and intrusion changed approximately 20 Ma ago. Localized volcanism and sheeted dike injection ceased and were replaced by the intrusion of thick gabbro dikes. This change may mark the onset of sea-floor spreading in the central Red Sea.</p>\n<p>The dikes and volcanic rocks consist of a bimodal mafic-felsic suite with transitional subalkaline to alkaline chemistry. Although no unique petrogenetic model can be developed for the suite, the following observations and conclusions are apparent from the available reconnaissance geochemistry: 1) Strontium isotopic initial ratios overlap in the range 0.7031 to 0.7047 and are not clearly related to alkalinity or silica content. Therefore, the bimodality and alkalinity of the suite are not products of contamination by the radiogenic Precambrian upper-crustal granitic rocks exposed in the region. 2) Several of the evolved rocks (rhyolites and comendite) show large to extreme negative europium anomalies and heavy rare-earth element (HREE) enrichment, features that cannot be explained by low-pressure crystal fractionation of potential parent magmas. An intriguing possibility is that HREE enrichments and large negative Eu anomalies of some peraluminous rhyolites (and granites) may result from the complete melting of garnet from middle or lower crustal rocks. 3) Most of the basalts are light rare-earth element (LREE)-enriched, consistent with derivation from fertile mantle in a continental-rift setting, however, interaction of the mafic melts with lower continental crust cannot be ruled out.</p>\n<p>A model of poly-baric mantle-melt derivation, producing several alkalinesubalkaline cycles, best explains magmatism in the Red Sea region. Differences in the depths and dynamics of mantle-melt extraction and transport brought about through changes in crust and mantle structure as the rift and paar developed may account for the transition from mixed alkaline-subalkaline bimodal magmatism of the pre-20 Ma rift basin to exclusively subalkaline (tholeiitic) magmatism at the Red Sea spreading axis and to predominantly alkali basalt volcanism within the Arabian Shield.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86565","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., 1986, Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-565, i, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86565.","productDescription":"i, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0565/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              39,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              39,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              41,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              41,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              39,\n              20\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63534a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19739,"text":"ofr86508 - 1986 - Simple models for the estimation and measurement of frictional heating by an earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr86508","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-508","title":"Simple models for the estimation and measurement of frictional heating by an earthquake","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86508","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., 1986, Simple models for the estimation and measurement of frictional heating by an earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-508, 13 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86508.","productDescription":"13 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0508/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49213,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0508/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3b08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19324,"text":"ofr8722 - 1986 - Unusual, high-temperature, iron-rich, mineral phases produced by natural burning of coal seams; analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr8722","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-22","title":"Unusual, high-temperature, iron-rich, mineral phases produced by natural burning of coal seams; analytical data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8722","usgsCitation":"Herring, J., and Modreski, P., 1986, Unusual, high-temperature, iron-rich, mineral phases produced by natural burning of coal seams; analytical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-22, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8722.","productDescription":"38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":43348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19123,"text":"ofr86405 - 1986 - Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected in 1980 in the eastern Chukchi Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T08:25:35","indexId":"ofr86405","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-405","title":"Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected in 1980 in the eastern Chukchi Sea","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected approximately 2,652 km of 24-channel seismic-reflection data in early September, 1980, over the continental shelf in the eastern Chukchi Sea (Fig. 1). The profiles were collected on the USGS Research Vessel S.P. Lee. The seismic energy source consisted of a tuned array of five airguns with a total volume of 1213 cubic inches of air compressed to approximately 1900 psi. The recording system consisted of a 24-channel, 2400 meter long streamer with a group interval of 100 m, and a GUS (Global Universal Science) model 4200 digital recording instrument. Shots were fired every 50 meters. Navigational control for the survey was provided by a Magnavox integrated navigation system using transit satellites and doppler-sonar augmented by Loran C (Rho-Rho). A 2-millisecond sampling rate was used in the field; the data were later desampled to 4-milliseconds during the demultiplexing process. 8 seconds data length was recorded. Processing was done at the USGS Pacific Marine Geology Multichannel Processing Center in Menlo Park, California, in the sequence: editing-demultiplexing, velocity analysis, CDP stacking, deconvolution-filtering, and plotting on an electrostatic plotter. Plate 1 is a trackline chart showing shotpoint navigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86405","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., Mann, D.M., and May, S., 1986, Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected in 1980 in the eastern Chukchi Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-405, Report: 4 p.; Plate: 34.12 x 33.84 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86405.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Plate: 34.12 x 33.84 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0405/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48582,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0405/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0405/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -170.48583984375,\n              66.08936427047088\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.48583984375,\n              71.10254274232307\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.1142578125,\n              71.10254274232307\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.1142578125,\n              66.08936427047088\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.48583984375,\n              66.08936427047088\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dennis M.","contributorId":50528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Steven D.","contributorId":56194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Steven D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":11895,"text":"ofr86422 - 1986 - Analytical results and sample locality map of nonmagnetic and moderately magnetic heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments from the Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T19:00:42.750759","indexId":"ofr86422","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-422","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map of nonmagnetic and moderately magnetic heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments from the Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86422","usgsCitation":"Day, G., Welsch, E.P., Watts, K.C., and Gray, J., 1986, Analytical results and sample locality map of nonmagnetic and moderately magnetic heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments from the Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-422, Report: 112 p.; 2 Plates: 26.96 × 22.12 inches and 27.08 × 22.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86422.","productDescription":"Report: 112 p.; 2 Plates: 26.96 × 22.12 inches and 27.08 × 22.08 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":39826,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389660,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17040.htm"},{"id":39827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39825,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0422/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Glens Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, G.W.","contributorId":63363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsch, E. P.","contributorId":6050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, K. C. Jr.","contributorId":36578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, J. C.","contributorId":100400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":12173,"text":"ofr86632 - 1986 - Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12173,"text":"ofr86632 - 1986 - Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana","indexId":"ofr86632","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64549,"text":"i2050C - 1992 - Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana","indexId":"i2050C","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":64549,"text":"i2050C - 1992 - Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana","indexId":"i2050C","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T22:13:05.92206","indexId":"ofr86632","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-632","title":"Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The Butte quadrangle, in the Northern Rocky Mountains of southwestern Montana, has had a long, productive, and colorful mining history. Butte, the city from which the quadrangle takes its name, is located in the most famous mining district of the quadrangle. This district, the Butte or Summit Valley district, has been described as the \"richest hill on earth\" and is one of the richest and most productive mining districts of the world. The quantity of metals produced from this district alone are far greater than the combined total of all commodities from all other mining districts of the quadrangle. However, many districts other than Butte have had significant production as compared to other mining districts of the Northern Rocky Mountains. The dollar value of production from the Butte district is more than $6 billion (Miller, 1973) and that of the combined total of production from the other districts in the quadrangle is more than $400 million. These values are based on actual metal prices at the time of production. The totals would be many times larger if converted to present day commodity prices.</p><p>Mineral occurrence data for a total of 1111 mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences have been compiled for the Butte quadrangle. These mineralized sites are found throughout the quadrangle but most are concentrated in the major mining districts; 78 percent are clustered in 46 established mining districts and the remaining 22 percent are more widely scattered in 24 geographic areas (fig. 1). Only small areas of the quadrangle lack significant mines, prospects, or mineral occurrences. The locations of mines and prospects are shown on maps (pl. 1 and 2) and a brief description of each site is given in a table arranged by mining district or geographic area (table 1) (all tables are at end of report). This table gives a brief description of each district or area and details of each site within the district or area including site number, name and alternate name(s), location by latitude and longitude, commodities present, description of the site, and sources of data. Data for this report come from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS; this was formerly known as the Computerized Resource Information Bank (CRIB)), from many published and unpublished sources, and from geologic field work.</p><p>The Butte quadrangle is in southwestern Montana and is bounded by latitudes 46° and 47° N. and longitudes 112° and 114° W. The city of Butte is near the southern edge and in the southeastern corner of the quadrangle. Helena, the state capital of Montana, is located on the eastern edge and Missoula is located near the northwestern corner of the quadrangle. Most of the area of the quadrangle is in Granite, Powell, Lewis and Clark, and Jefferson Counties and the remaining area includes parts of Missoula, Ravalli, Deer Lodge, and Silver Bow Counties. The quadrangle includes a number of major and minor mountain ranges separated by intermontane valleys. The continental divide trends nearly north-south through the eastern part of the quadrangle to a point near Butte, then trends generally east-west near the southern boundary of the quadrangle, west of Butte. East of the divide the drainages are tributary to the Missouri River and west of the divide the drainages are tributary to the Clark Fork, which heads in the vicinity of Butte.</p><p>The geology of the Butte quadrangle is very complex. Sedimentary and igneous rocks range in age from Proterozoic to Tertiary. Most of the pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks are structurally complex due to widespread faulting and folding. Due to thrust faulting, complete sequences of these sedimentary units are not generally present in the quadrangle and the thicknesses and lithologies are variable from one thrust plate to another. The oldest rocks in the quadrangle are sedimentary rocks of the Belt Supergroup of Middle Proterozoic age. They form very thick sequences, are exposed over a large percentage of the area of the quadrangle, and include formations of the lower, middle, and upper parts of the Belt. Individual formations are as much as 13,000 ft thick (C. A. Wallace, unpub. data) and the maximum thickness of the Belt Supergroup in the quadrangle may be similar to that of the entire sequence near Alberton, Montana, to the northwest of the Butte quadrangle where it exceeds 67,000 ft (Harrison, 1972). In many areas of the quadrangle these Precambrian rocks are overlain by thin to moderately thick sequences of Cambrian to Permian sedimentary rocks. The maximum thickness of the Paleozoic section is about 8,000 ft (C. A. Wallace, unpub. data). A relatively thick sequence of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, predominantly Cretaceous in age, which is found mostly in the central part of the quadrangle, overlies the Paleozoic rocks. If complete, the Mesozoic sequence would total about 28,000 ft (C. A. Wallace, unpub. data).</p><p>The Butte quadrangle is located in a structurally complex region. Most of the Butte quadrangle is in the southern part of the Montana Disturbed Belt, a tectonic belt in the Northern Rocky Mountains characterized by northwest-trending faults and intense deformation. An element of the Disturbed Belt, called the Sapphire Thrust System occupies most of the western two-thirds of the quadrangle. Sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous and older ages in the Sapphire Thrust System have been complexly folded and faulted.</p><p>Plutonic rocks, which intrude the sedimentary units, and volcanic rocks of Cretaceous and Tertiary ages are widespread in the quadrangle. Most of these are post-thrusting but some may be pre- or syn-tectonic and involved in the thrusting and folding. Most of the mineral wealth in the quadrangle, in the form of hydrothermal ore deposits, is genetically related to Cretaceous granitic plutonism. Igneous activity decreased but continued into Tertiary time, at least until the Oligocene.</p><p>In the Butte quadrangle the Cenozoic Era was important for normal faulting, volcanism, sedimentation, glaciation, and the formation of many important mineral deposits. Many normal faults were especially active during the Miocene and Pliocene and some were active into the Quaternary. Volcanic rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age cover large areas and are genetically related to several important mining districts. During Cenozoic time, thick accumulations of Tertiary basin-fill sediments, Pleistocene glacial till and outwash, and Holocene alluvium and colluvium were deposited. The Cenozoic was important for the formation of placer deposits valuable mainly for gold but some have produced important quantities of sapphires and tungsten.</p><p>This map is part of a folio of maps of the Butte 1° x 2°quadrangle, Montana, prepared under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Other maps to be published as part of this folio are a geologic map, geochemical maps, geophysical maps, maps of linear features and limonitic alteration interpreted from satellite and airborne radar data, and mineral resource assessment maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86632","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J., Loen, J.S., Wise, K.K., and Blaskowski, M.J., 1986, Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-632, Report: i, 153 p.; 2 Plates: 41.68 x 30.14 inches and 42.00 x 30.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86632.","productDescription":"Report: i, 153 p.; 2 Plates: 41.68 x 30.14 inches and 42.00 x 30.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412564,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412563,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412562,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Butte Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,46 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -114,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3b36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, James E.","contributorId":15595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loen, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":44966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wise, K. K.","contributorId":40227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blaskowski, Michael J.","contributorId":44967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaskowski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":12235,"text":"ofr86181 - 1986 - Preliminary report on aftershock sequence for earthquake of January 31, 1986, near Painesville, Ohio (time period: 2/1/86-2/10/86)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T12:30:18","indexId":"ofr86181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-181","title":"Preliminary report on aftershock sequence for earthquake of January 31, 1986, near Painesville, Ohio (time period: 2/1/86-2/10/86)","docAbstract":"A ten-station array of broad-band digital instrumentation (GEOS) was deployed by the U. S. Geological Survey with partial support provided by Electric Power Research Institute to record the aftershock sequence of the moderate (mb ~ 4.9) earthquake that occurred on January 31, 1986 (16:46:43 UTC) near Painesville, Ohio. The occurrence of the event has raised questions concerning possible contributory factors to the occurrence of the event and questions concerning the character of earthquake-induced high-frequency ground motions in the area. To aid in the timely resolution of the implications of some of these questions, this preliminary report provides copies of the ground motion time-histories and corresponding spectra for the six identified aftershocks and two events, thought to be quarry blasts, recorded as of February 10, 1986. Recording station locations and epicenter locations based on two preliminary estimates of local seismic velocity structure are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86181","usgsCitation":"1986, Preliminary report on aftershock sequence for earthquake of January 31, 1986, near Painesville, Ohio (time period: 2/1/86-2/10/86): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-181, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86181.","productDescription":"109 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/GEOS/CLV/OFR_86-181/Cleveland.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":146198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40395,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Painesville","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb6a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726181,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12306,"text":"ofr864 - 1986 - Standards for digital elevation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T21:17:35.939521","indexId":"ofr864","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4","title":"Standards for digital elevation models","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr864","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Standards for digital elevation models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-4, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr864.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384468,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12359,"text":"ofr8671 - 1986 - Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr8671","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-71","title":"Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, conducts three major types of activities in Kentucky in order to provide hydrologic information and understanding needed for the best management of Kentucky 's and the Nation 's water resources. These activities are: (1) Data collection and dissemination; (2) Water-resources appraisals (interpretive studies); and (3) Research. Activities described in some detail following: (1) collection of surface - and groundwater data; (2) operation of stations to collect data on water quality, atmospheric deposition, and sedimentation; (3) flood investigations; (4) water use; (5) small area flood hydrology; (6) feasibility of disposal of radioactive disposal in deep crystalline rocks; (7) development of a groundwater model for the Louisville area; (8) travel times for streams in the Kentucky River Basin; (9) the impact of sinkholes and streams on groundwater flow in a carbonate aquifer system; (10) sedimentation and erosion rates at the Maxey Flats Radioactive Waste Burial site; and (11) evaluation of techniques for evaluating the cumulative impacts of mining as applied to coal fields in Kentucky. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8671","usgsCitation":"Faust, R.J., 1986, Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-71, iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8671.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40595,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, R. J. (compiler)","contributorId":83128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12381,"text":"ofr8583 - 1986 - Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T21:51:53.339123","indexId":"ofr8583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-83","title":"Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Jemez Mountains volcanic complex, located in north-central New Mexico at the intersection of the Rio Grande rift and Jemez lineament, is a potential location for geothermal energy exploration. This bibliography lists selected papers pertaining to the geology, hydrology, geochemistry, geothermometry, geophysics, ecology, and geothermal and hydrologic modeling aspects of the Jemez region. The bibliography is composed of 795 citations with annotations and a subject and author index. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8583","usgsCitation":"Abeyta, C.G., and Delaney, B.M., 1986, Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-83, iii, 155 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8583.","productDescription":"iii, 155 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391463,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16486.htm"},{"id":40616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0083/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.00271606445312,\n              35.57915038479427\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.08673095703125,\n              35.57915038479427\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.08673095703125,\n              36.25424062786422\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.00271606445312,\n              36.25424062786422\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.00271606445312,\n              35.57915038479427\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67be63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delaney, B. M.","contributorId":42217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16542,"text":"ofr86484 - 1986 - Improvement of filament-protection circuitry in a Finnigan model 251 mass spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr86484","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-484","title":"Improvement of filament-protection circuitry in a Finnigan model 251 mass spectrometer","docAbstract":"As delivered from Finnigan MAT, the emission current of the Leybold-Heraeus model IM210 ionization vacuum gage on a model 251 isotope ratio mass spectrometer can turn on as soon as the ' PUMP ON ' switch is depressed, before a good vacuum in the mass spectrometer is attained. The filament in the source of the mass spectrometer may turn on at the same time, thereby shortening its life or burning it out if the vacuum is poor. This design flaw can be corrected by a simple modification of the electronic circuitry. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86484","usgsCitation":"Wildman, J.D., 1986, Improvement of filament-protection circuitry in a Finnigan model 251 mass spectrometer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-484, 4 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86484.","productDescription":"4 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0484/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45528,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0484/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildman, J. D.","contributorId":25177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4372,"text":"cir980 - 1986 - Prospects for mineral resource assessments on public lands: Proceedings of the Leesburg workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T14:58:48.277932","indexId":"cir980","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"980","title":"Prospects for mineral resource assessments on public lands: Proceedings of the Leesburg workshop","docAbstract":"<p>Modern geological surveys pursue a wide spectrum of research activities in the earth sciences. From the beginning, however, one of the core tasks of any national geological survey has been the assessment and evaluation of its nation's mineral and fuel resources. The methods by which such assessments are carried out have become more sophisticated over time, in keeping with advancing geoscientific knowledge and the development and application of new concepts and technologies. However, the basic objectives of such work have changed little, and the fundamental goal remains the construction of the best possible base of information on the nature, distribution and economic potential of the resources within a nation's landmass and its offshore jurisdictions. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir980","usgsCitation":"1986, Prospects for mineral resource assessments on public lands: Proceedings of the Leesburg workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 980, xiii, 330 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir980.","productDescription":"xiii, 330 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31481,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0980/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0980/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658798","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cargill, Simon M.","contributorId":7256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cargill","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729714,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Steven B.","contributorId":48165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729715,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12520,"text":"ofr86212 - 1986 - Modifications to the Megatek Wand software package for the model 3355 color graphics workstation with IEEE-488 bus interface option","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:46","indexId":"ofr86212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-212","title":"Modifications to the Megatek Wand software package for the model 3355 color graphics workstation with IEEE-488 bus interface option","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86212","usgsCitation":"Baker, L., 1986, Modifications to the Megatek Wand software package for the model 3355 color graphics workstation with IEEE-488 bus interface option: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-212, 17 p.  ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86212.","productDescription":"17 p.  ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40774,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69947d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, L.M.","contributorId":40608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15903,"text":"ofr86307 - 1986 - Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T19:07:57.514397","indexId":"ofr86307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-307","title":"Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>A digital-computer model was calibrated to simulate, in three dimensions, the ground-water flow in the principal and shallow-unconfined aquifers in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The model can be used to predict water-level and waterbudget changes that would be caused by changes in well recharge or discharge. This report shows how a user can revise the input data so that recharging or discharging wells may be simulated and how stress-period intervals can be varied to simulate different periods of recharge or discharge. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr86307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., and Waddell, K., 1986, Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-307, Report: iv, 13 p.; Plate: 17.58 in. x 21.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86307.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Plate: 17.58 in. x 21.55 inches","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":44885,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44886,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409007,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16998.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":150214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.19540041154342,\n              40.88370704900959\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19540041154342,\n              40.399033913978286\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.78769401167678,\n              40.399033913978286\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.78769401167678,\n              40.88370704900959\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19540041154342,\n              40.88370704900959\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a83e4b07f02db64b76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12707,"text":"ofr85571 - 1986 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12707,"text":"ofr85571 - 1986 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"ofr85571","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1039,"text":"wsp2305 - 1989 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"wsp2305","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1039,"text":"wsp2305 - 1989 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"wsp2305","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T15:31:11","indexId":"ofr85571","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-571","title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","docAbstract":"<p>Eighteen sources of drainage related to past coal-mining activity were identified in the Claybank Creek, Missouri, study area, and eight of thew were considered large enough to have detectable effects on receiving streams. However, only three sources, coal wastes at Keota and Binkley, and drainage from underground coal mines near Keota, significantly affected the chemistry of water in receiving streams. </p><p>Coal wastes in the Claybank Creek basin contributed large quantities of acid drainage to receiving streams during storm runoff; pH of coal-waste runoff ranged from 2.1 to 2.8. At these small pH values, concentrations of some dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate were a few to several hundred times larger than Federal and State water-quality standards established for these constituents. Effects of acid storm runoff were detected near the mouth of North Fork Claybank Creek where the pH during a small storm was 3.9. </p><p>Coal wastes in the streambeds and seepage from coal wastes also had significant effects on receiving streams during base flows. The receiving waters had pH values between 2.8 and 3.5 and concentrations of some dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate were a few to several hundred times larger than Federal and State water-quality standards. </p><p>Most underground mines in the North Fork Claybank Creek basin are hydraulically connected and about 80 percent of their discharge surfaced at one site. Drainage from the underground mines contributed most of the dissolved constituents in North Fork Claybank Creek during dry weather. Underground-mine water always had a pH near 5.9, was well-buffered, had a dissolved-sulfate concentration of about 2,400 milligrams per liter, dissolved-manganese concentrations ranging from 4.0 to 5.3 milligrams per liter, and large concentrations of ferrous iron. Iron was in the ferrous state due to reducing conditions in the mines. When underground-mine drainage reached the ground surface, the ferrous iron was oxidized and precipitated to form large, orange deposits of ferric hydroxide around the site and in streambeds. </p><p>Generally, drainage from strip mines had dissolved-sulfate concentrations several times larger than drainage from unmined areas. However, effects of drainage from strip mines on receiving streams were minimal when compared to the drainage from coal wastes and underground mines. </p><p>No appreciable effects of mine-related drainage were detected in the water of the Claybank Creek arm of Thomas Hill Reservoir at the time of sampling because beaver bogs upstream had trapped suspended coal wastes and moderated the effects. However, the concentration of coal in the bottom material was 60 percent of the coal concentration in coal wastes at Keota, indicating that the reservoir had received these wastes during the past.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85571","usgsCitation":"Blevins, D.W., 1986, Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-571, Report: viii, 74 p.; 3 Plates: 35.23 x 28.19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85571.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 74 p.; 3 Plates: 35.23 x 28.19 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359246,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359247,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359248,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0571/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Claybank Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.6667,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5417,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5417,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6667,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6667,\n              39.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e766b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blevins, Dale W. dblevins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"Dale","email":"dblevins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":166575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14532,"text":"ofr876 - 1986 - A modification in the determination of reducible sulfur by the tin(II)-strong phosphoric acid method using the LECOtmSC132 Sulfur Analyzer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:46","indexId":"ofr876","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-6","title":"A modification in the determination of reducible sulfur by the tin(II)-strong phosphoric acid method using the LECOtmSC132 Sulfur Analyzer","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr876","usgsCitation":"Krasnow, M., 1986, A modification in the determination of reducible sulfur by the tin(II)-strong phosphoric acid method using the LECOtmSC132 Sulfur Analyzer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-6, iii, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr876.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43213,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6aded6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krasnow, M.R.","contributorId":25952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krasnow","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12917,"text":"ofr86491 - 1986 - Geohydrology of and potential for fluid disposal in the Arbuckle Aquifer in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr86491","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-491","title":"Geohydrology of and potential for fluid disposal in the Arbuckle Aquifer in Kansas","docAbstract":"The Arbuckle aquifer is an extensive aquifer that contains mostly saline water and that immediately overlies Precambrian ' basement ' rocks throughout Kansas, except for major uplift areas where it has been removed by erosion. In the southeast part of the state, it is a major freshwater aquifer. The upper part of the Arbuckle contains significant oil and gas reservoirs in central and south-central Kansas. During the last 40 years the Arbuckle also has become the major zone of fluid disposal in the state. Most of the fluids disposed into the Arbuckle were produced from oil and gas wells in other formations. However, in recent years, state water agencies have become increasingly concerned about injection of fluids into the subsurface and the effects of injection on the hydrologic systems involved. An investigation of the geohydrology of the Arbuckle aquifer and of the hydrologic aspects of fluid disposal into the Arbuckle was conducted to evaluate these effects. Hydraulic characteristics obtained from drill stem tests, injection tests, and numerical modeling have indicated a range of permeability in the Arbuckle from 1 millidarcy to 30 darcys. Analysis of injection tests indicated that average permeability in the basin areas probably is in the 50-300 millidarcy range. Analyses of 76 geophysical logs indicate an average porosity of about 12%. An evaluation of the geohydrology of the Arbuckle shows that it is a large regional flow system that is in hydraulic connection with several other major aquifers. Groundwater flow within the Arbuckle is principally from the west-northwest to the east-southeast. Brine disposal in the Arbuckle has been increasing over the years. Rates of injection average about 60 gal/min. Model analysis, using aquifer properties similar to those expected in the basin areas and under selected conditions of well injection into the Arbuckle, indicates that, even with an injection rate of only 100 gal/min, pressure increases equivalent to fluid-level rises of up to 100 ft are expected as far as 500 ft away from the injection well. The model analysis indicates that the effects of transmission of fluid through the confining layer on overlying units are minor. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86491","usgsCitation":"Carr, J.E., McGovern, H., Gogel, T., and Doveton, J., 1986, Geohydrology of and potential for fluid disposal in the Arbuckle Aquifer in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-491, viii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86491.","productDescription":"viii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0491/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0491/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, J. E.","contributorId":49373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGovern, H.E.","contributorId":85600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGovern","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gogel, Tony","contributorId":37745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogel","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doveton, J.H.","contributorId":30237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doveton","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":14452,"text":"ofr85678 - 1986 - Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14452,"text":"ofr85678 - 1986 - Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama","indexId":"ofr85678","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2025,"text":"wsp2306 - 1987 - Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama","indexId":"wsp2306","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2025,"text":"wsp2306 - 1987 - Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama","indexId":"wsp2306","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T14:43:09","indexId":"ofr85678","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-678","title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr85678","usgsCitation":"Kidd, R.E., and Bossong, C., 1986, Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-678, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85678.","productDescription":"76 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Robert E.","contributorId":21523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossong, C. R.","contributorId":39762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2041,"text":"wsp2297 - 1986 - Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2297","title":"Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Estimation of the average annual rate of ground-water recharge to sand and gravel aquifers using elevated tritium concentrations in ground water is an alternative to traditional steady-state and water-balance recharge-rate methods. The concept of the tritium tracer method is that the average annual rate of ground-water recharge over a period of time can be calculated from the depth of the peak tritium concentration in the aquifer. Assuming that ground-water flow is vertically downward and that aquifer properties are reasonably homogeneous, and knowing the date of maximum tritium concentration in precipitation and the current depth to the tritium peak from the water table, the average recharge rate can be calculated. The method, which is a direct-measurement technique, was applied at two sites on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. At site 1, the average annual recharge rate between 1964 and 1983 was 26.1 inches per year, or 68 percent of the average annual precipitation, and the estimated uncertainty is ?15 percent. At site 2, the multilevel water samplers were not constructed deep enough to determine the peak concentration of tritium in ground water. The tritium profile at site 2 resembles the upper part of the tritium profile at site 1 and indicates that the average recharge rate was at least 16 .7 inches per year, or at least 44 percent of the average annual precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe Nantucket tritium recharge rates clearly are higher than rates determined elsewhere in southeastern Massachusetts using the tritium, water-table-fluctuation, and water-balance (Thornthwaite) methods, regardless of the method or the area. Because the recharge potential on Nantucket is so high (runoff is only 2 percent of the total water balance), the tritium recharge rates probably represent the effective upper limit for ground-water recharge in this region. The recharge-rate values used by Guswa and LeBlanc (1985) and LeBlanc (1984) in their ground-water-flow computer models of Cape Cod are 20 to 30 percent lower than this upper limit. \r\n\r\nThe accuracy of the tritium method is dependent on two key factors: the accuracy of the effective-porosity data, and the sampling interval used at the site. For some sites, the need for recharge-rate data may require a determination as statistically accurate as that which can be provided by the tritium method. However, the tritium method is more costly and more time consuming than the other methods because numerous wells must be drilled and installed and because many water samples must be analyzed for tritium, to a very small level of analytical detection. For many sites, a less accurate, less expensive, and faster method of recharge-rate determination might be more satisfactory .\r\n\r\nThe factor that most seriously limits the usefulness of the tritium tracer method is the current depth of the tritium peak. Water with peak concentrations of tritium entered the ground more than 20 years ago, and, according to the Nantucket data, that water now is more than 100 feet below the land surface. This suggests that the tracer method will work only in sand and gravel aquifers that are exceedingly thick by New England standards. Conversely, the results suggest that the method may work in areas where saturated thicknesses are less than 100 feet and the rate of vertical ground-water movement is relatively slow, such as in till and in silt- and clay-rich sand and gravel deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2297","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.F., and Olimpio, J.C., 1986, Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2297, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2297.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, Jayne Fifield","contributorId":69531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"Jayne","email":"","middleInitial":"Fifield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olimpio, Julio C.","contributorId":93877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Julio","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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