Concentrations of 18O and deuterium in ground waters beneath the Hanford Reservation, Washington State, suggest that the meteoric waters recharging the basalt aquifers have been progressively depleted in these isotopes since at least Pleistocene time. This conclusion is supported by oxygen-isotope analyses of low-temperature secondary minerals filling vugs and fractures in the basalts, which are used to approximate the 18O content of ground water at the time the mineral assemblage formed. A fossil profile of δ18O values projected for ground water in a 1500 m vertical section beneath the reservation suggests that the vertical mixing of shallow and deep ground water indicated by present-day hydrochemical data was also occurring during Neogene time. These data also suggest that a unidirectional depletion of 18O and deuterium recorded in Pleistocene ground waters may have extended considerably further back in time. This shift is tentatively attributed to the orographic depletion of 18O associated with the progressive uplift of the Cascade Range since the middle Miocene.
On an annual basis, river-supplied nitrate is the predominant form of nitrogen supplied to the tidal Potomac River from external sources. Much of the nitrate is associated with high flows that have rapid transit times through the tidal river. The Blue Plains Sewage-Treatment Plant (STP) at Washington, D.C., is the greatest source of all nitrogen species during low-flow periods. Prior to the fall of 1980, ammonia concentrations in depth-integrated, composited water samples were greatest (more than 1.00 mg/L (milligram per liter) as nitrogen) during summer periods near Alexandria, Va., because of loading from the nearby Blue Plains STP and reduced river discharge. After the fall of 1980, initiation of advanced wastewater treatment at the Blue Plains STP reduced ammonia loading to the river by 90 percent and increased nitrate loading by a similar percentage. As a result, concentrations of ammonia during the 1981 low-flow period were less than 0.20 mg/L as nitrogen at Alexandria, while nitrate concentrations were greater than 1.50 mg/L as nitrogen. Concentrations of ammonia and nitrate at Alexandria were shown to be reasonably predictable by use of a simple dilution model that considers only loading from Chain Bridge and the Blue Plains STP. This apparently is the result of the short residence time through the Chain Bridge-to-Alexandria section of the tidal Potomac River, which precludes significant biological alterations. In marked contrast, the residence times of water parcels in the tidal Potomac River from Alexandria to Quantico, Va., are much greater because of the geometry of the reach. Biological nitrogen-cycle transformation processes affect nitrogen-species concentrations to a greater extent in this reach, especially during summer low-flow periods. Mass-balance calculations that separate changes in transport mass from biological transformations indicatethat the tidal Potomac River was a net sink for all the nitrogen constituents during the 1980 and 1981 summer low-flow periods. However, during the 1980-81 winter period, some ammonia and nitrate was transported out of the tidal Potomac River into the transition zone. Despite the reduced availability of ammonia, nitrogen-15 uptake studies showed that phytoplankton preferred ammonia to nitrate unless ammonia concentrations were less than 0.10 mg/L as nitrogen. Nitrification-rate studies during 1981 using a carbon-14 uptake technique indicate that rates did not vary with sample location, except for one sample from the head of the tidal river, where the rates were much higher. The numbers of Nitrobacter bacteria were highest in samples from near the Blue Plains STP and were greater than the numbers of Nitrosomonas bacteria. The predominance of Nitrobacter bacteria seemed to be associated with advanced wastewater treatment at the Blue Plains STP. Before advanced wastewater treatment, Nitrosomonas were numerically predominant and had the largest numbers near the Blue Plains STP. These results could be due to (1) loading of nitrifying bacteria in the Blue Plains sewage effluent that had been inhibited from further growth by an inhibitory substance or (2) the method used to measure nitrification rates, which measured only the ammonia oxidation stage; it is not possible to reject either mechanism on the basis of the data available. Process models were used in conjunction with mass-balance determinations and individual process studies to estimate rates of processes that were not directly measured. It is estimated that denitrification removed 10 times as much nitrate from the water column during the summer of 1981 as during the summer of 1980. Sedimentation of particulate nitrogen is estimated to be the largest sink for nitrogen from the water column and was approximately equal to the external annual loading of all nitrogen constituents on a daily basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234J","usgsCitation":"Shultz, D.J., 1989, Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234J.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415891,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 37.83634645818209\n ],\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 39.05175633806698\n ],\n [\n -77.4715913845413,\n 39.05175633806698\n ],\n [\n -77.4715913845413,\n 37.83634645818209\n ],\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 37.83634645818209\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shultz, David J.","contributorId":35324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015424,"text":"70015424 - 1989 - Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T18:09:35.172787","indexId":"70015424","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Primary productivity in the water column was measured 14 times between April 1985 and April 1986 at three sites in Tomales Bay, California, USA The conditions at these three stations encompassed the range of hydrographic conditions, phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton community composition, and turbidity typical of this coastal embayment. Linear regression of the measured daily carbon uptake against the composite parameter B Zp Io (where B is the average phytoplankton biomass in the photic zone; Zp is the photic depth; and Io is the daily surface insolation) indicates that 90% of the variability in primary productivity is explained by variations in phytoplankton biomass and light availability. The linear function derived using Tomales Bay data is essentially the same as that which explains more than 80% of the variation in productivity in four other estuarine systems. Using the linear function and measured values for B, Zp, and Io, the daily photic-zone productivity was estimated for 10 sites at monthly intervals over the annual period. The average daily photic-zone productivity for the 10 sites ranged from 0·2 to 2·2 g C m−2. The bay-wide average annual primary productivity in the water column was 400 g C m−2, with most of the uptake occuring in spring and early summer. Spatial and temporal variations in primary productivity were similar to variations in phytoplankton biomass. Productivity was highest in the seaward and central regions of the bay and lowest in the shallow landward region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., 1989, Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 28, no. 1, p. 103-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tomales Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.81795834500238,\n 38.064691049842935\n ],\n [\n -122.8186964817126,\n 38.07398879812351\n ],\n [\n -122.82386343868507,\n 38.07960561502537\n ],\n [\n -122.82238716526439,\n 38.091806178957114\n 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-122.84859707940294,\n 38.09228936974523\n ],\n [\n -122.84343012243048,\n 38.088610073341954\n ],\n [\n -122.83629480089712,\n 38.081057253162214\n ],\n [\n -122.8313738894949,\n 38.07582792059921\n ],\n [\n -122.82300834011087,\n 38.06226865033835\n ],\n [\n -122.81759533756818,\n 38.0616874825931\n ],\n [\n -122.81795834500238,\n 38.064691049842935\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f1e4b08c986b3206b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015428,"text":"70015428 - 1989 - Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:18:34.318727","indexId":"70015428","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","docAbstract":"Problems include: a) definition of the spatial and temporal distribution of model input; b) measurement or estimation of snow accumulation, snowmelt, and runoff process parameters for a range of applications and scales; and c) development of accurate short term and long term snowmelt runoff forecasts. Procedures being investigated to solve these problems include: a) integrating conventional and remote-sensing data to improve estimates of input data; b) developing snowmelt process algorithms which have parameters that are closely related to measurable basin and climatic characteristics; and c) updating model paramters and components using measured data or knowledge of past uncertainty. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626668909491371","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., 1989, Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 34, no. 6, p. 617-634, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ce2e4b0c8380cd7e93c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014998,"text":"70014998 - 1989 - Air permeability and trapped-air content in two soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T12:46:00","indexId":"70014998","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air permeability and trapped-air content in two soils","docAbstract":"To improve understanding of hysteretic air permeability relations, a need exists for data on the water content dependence of air permeability, matric pressure, and air trapping (especially for wetting-drying cycles). To obtain these data, a special instrument was designed. The instrument is a combination of a gas permeameter (for air permeability determination), a suction plate apparatus (for retentivity curve determination), and an air pycnometer (for trapped-air-volume determination). This design allowed values of air permeability, matric pressure, and air trapping to be codetermined, i.e., determined at the same values of water content using the same sample and the same inflow-outflow boundaries. Such data were obtained for two nonswelling soils. The validity of the air permeability determinations was repeatedly confirmed by rigorous tests of Darcy's law. During initial drying from complete water saturation, supplementary measurements were made to assess the magnitude of gas slip. The extended Darcy equation accurately described the measured flux gradient relations for each condition of absolute gas pressure tested. Air permeability functions exhibited zero-permeability regions at high water contents as well as an abruptly appearing hysteresis at low water contents. Measurements in the zero-permeability regions revealed that the total amount of air in general exceeded the amount of trapped air. This indicates that the medium' s air space is partitioned into three measurable domains: through-flowing air, locally accessible air (i.e., air accessible from only one flow boundary), and trapped air. During repeated wetting and drying, the disappearance and reappearance of air permeability coincided closely with the reappearance and disappearance, respectively, of trapped air. The observed relation between critical features of the air permeability functions and those of the air-trapping functions suggest that water-based blockages play a significant role in the disruption of gas-phase connectivity and in preventing air flow, and must be considered in any effectual model of air permeability relations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i009p01959","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., and Rubin, J., 1989, Air permeability and trapped-air content in two soils: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 9, p. 1959-1969, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i009p01959.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1959","endPage":"1969","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e918e4b0c8380cd480bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015911,"text":"70015911 - 1989 - A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:45:09.551337","indexId":"70015911","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data","docAbstract":"The terracing operator works iteratively on gravity or magnetic data, using the sense of the measured field's local curvature, to produce a field comprised of uniform domains separated by abrupt domain boundaries. The result is crudely proportional to a physical-property function defined in one (profile case) or two (map case) horizontal dimensions. This result can be extended to a physical-property model if its behavior in the third (vertical) dimension is defined, either arbitrarily or on the basis of the local geologic situation. The terracing algorithm is computationally fast and appropriate to use with very large digital data sets. Where gravity and magnetic data are both available, terracing provides an effective means by which the two data sets can be compared directly. Results of the terracing operation somewhat resemble those of conventional susceptibility (or density) mapping. In contrast with conventional susceptibility mapping, however, the terraced function is a true step function, which cannot be depicted by means of contour lines. Magnetic or gravity fields calculated from the physical-property model do not, in general, produce an exact fit to the observed data. By intent, the terraced map is more closely analogous to a geologic map in that domains are separated by hard-edged domain boundaries and minor within-domain variation is neglected. The terracing operator was applied separately to aeromagnetic and gravity data from a 136 km X 123 km area in eastern Kansas. Results provide a reasonably good physical representation of both the gravity and the aeromagnetic data. Superposition of the results from the two data sets shows many areas of agreement that can be referenced to geologic features within the buried Precambrian crystalline basement. The emerging picture of basement geology is much better resolved than that obtained either from the scanty available drill data or from interpretation of the geophysical data by inspection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442689","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Cordell, L., and McCafferty, A.E., 1989, A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data: Geophysics, v. 54, no. 5, p. 621-634, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442689.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f5e4b0c8380cd47066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordell, L.","contributorId":84901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordell","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCafferty, A. E.","contributorId":93499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016102,"text":"70016102 - 1989 - Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016102","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images","docAbstract":"A main problem encountered in radiometric calibration of satellite image data is correcting for atmospheric effects. Without this correction, an image digital number (DN) cannot be converted to a surface reflectance value. In this paper the accuracy of a calibration procedure, which includes a correction for atmospheric scattering, is tested. Two simple methods, a stand-alone and an in situ sky radiance measurement technique, were used to derive the HAZE DN values for each of the six reflectance Thematic Mapper (TM) bands. The DNs of two Landsat TM images of Phoenix, Arizona were converted to surface reflectances. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P., 1989, Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 9, p. 1285-1294.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1294","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a940be4b0c8380cd81184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":75147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016104,"text":"70016104 - 1989 - Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of coalified gymnosperm xylem tissue from Australian brown coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T16:32:02.087139","indexId":"70016104","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of coalified gymnosperm xylem tissue from Australian brown coals","docAbstract":"We report here on the use of solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to contrast the average chemical composition of modern degraded gymnosperm woods with fossil gymnosperm woods from Australian brown coals (Miocene). We first established the quantitative nature of the NMR techniques for these samples so that the conventional solid-state 13C NMR spectra and the dipolar dephasing NMR spectra could be used with a high degree of reliability to depict average chemical compositions. The NMR results provide some valuable insights about the early coalification of xylem tissue from gymnosperms. Though the cellulosic components of wood are degraded to varying degrees during peatification and ensuing coalification, it is unlikely that they play a major role in the formation of aromatic structures in coalified woods. The NMR data show that gynmosperm lignin, the primary aromatic contribution to the coal, is altered in part by demethylation of guaiacyl-units to catechol-like structures. The dipolar dephasing NMR data indicate that the lignin also becomes more cross-linked or condensed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(89)90068-5","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., Lerch, H.E., Bates, A.L., and Verheyen, T., 1989, Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of coalified gymnosperm xylem tissue from Australian brown coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 2, p. 145-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(89)90068-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923de4b08c986b319d9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lerch, Harry E. tlerch@usgs.gov","contributorId":600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"Harry","email":"tlerch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":372562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bates, Anne L. 0000-0002-4875-4675 abates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-4675","contributorId":2789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Anne","email":"abates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verheyen, T.V.","contributorId":95614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verheyen","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015560,"text":"70015560 - 1989 - Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015560","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey deep crustal studies reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine off southeastern New England was affected by three sources of noise: side-scattered noise, multiples, and 20-Hz whale sounds. The special processing most effective in minimizing this noise consisted of a combination of frequency-wavenumber (F-K) filtering, predictive deconvolution, and spectral whitening, each applied in the shot domain (prestack). Application of the F-K filter to remove side-scatter noise in the poststack domain resulted in a much poorer quality profile. The prestack noise suppression processing techniques resulted in a reflection profile with good signal-to-noise ratios and reliable strong reflections, especially at depths equivalent to the lower crust (24-34 km). Certain geologic features, such as a buried rift basin and a crustal fault are resolved much better within the upper crust after this processing. Finite difference migration of these data using realistic velocities produced excellent results. Migration was essential to distinguish between abundant dipping and subhorizontal reflections in the lower crust as well as to show an essentially transparent upper mantle. ?? 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00286247","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., and Lee, M.W., 1989, Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 11, no. 1, p. 51-67, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286247.","startPage":"51","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286247"},{"id":224377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dbee4b0c8380cd7edda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015513,"text":"70015513 - 1989 - Spectral analysis and filtering techniques in digital spatial data processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:27:08","indexId":"70015513","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral analysis and filtering techniques in digital spatial data processing","docAbstract":"A filter toolbox has been developed at the EROS Data Center, US Geological Survey, for retrieving or removing specified frequency information from two-dimensional digital spatial data. This filter toolbox provides capabilities to compute the power spectrum of a given data and to design various filters in the frequency domain. Three types of filters are available in the toolbox: point filter, line filter, and area filter. Both the point and line filters employ Gaussian-type notch filters, and the area filter includes the capabilities to perform high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, and wedge filtering techniques. These filters are applied for analyzing satellite multispectral scanner data, airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, gravity data, and the digital elevation models (DEM) data. -from Author","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pan, J., 1989, Spectral analysis and filtering techniques in digital spatial data processing: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 7, p. 1203-1207.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1207","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9534e4b08c986b31adcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Jeng-Jong","contributorId":35877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Jeng-Jong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016027,"text":"70016027 - 1989 - Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T11:01:47.057678","indexId":"70016027","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters","docAbstract":"I used northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected from August through March 1979-82 in the Sacramento Valley, California to derive equations to predict ether-extracted carcass fat, carcass protein, and skeletal lean dry weight. Ether-extracted carcass fat was best predicted by total fat depot weight (wet skin, abdominal fat, and intestinal fat) (r2 = 0.94) and estimates based on carcass water content (r2 = 0.93-0.98). Measured carcass protein was best predicted by a multiple regression including total protein depot weight (breast muscles, leg muscles, and gizzard) and tarsus length (R2 = 0.79). I predicted skeletal lean dry weight by a multiple regression incorporating culmen, tarsus, and wing length (R2 = 0.77). Predicted carcass fat agreed well with measured carcass fat in an independent data set of 30 pintails using total fat depot (r2 = 0.92-0.96) and carcass water (r2 = 0.97-0.99), but predicted carcass protein agreed less well with measured protein.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801318","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1989, Estimating carcass fat and protein in northern pintails during the nonbreeding season: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 123-129, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801318.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.92010720240859,\n 39.368415331346114\n ],\n [\n -121.92010720240859,\n 38.453726657480416\n ],\n [\n -120.9862693117838,\n 38.453726657480416\n ],\n [\n -120.9862693117838,\n 39.368415331346114\n ],\n [\n -121.92010720240859,\n 39.368415331346114\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015985,"text":"70015985 - 1989 - Criteria for a sediment data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015985","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Criteria for a sediment data set","docAbstract":"The transport of sediment through a hydrologic system or basin is an extremely complex phenomenon. Many factors affect this movement. Criteria are established for an 'ultimate' or complete sediment data set, and guidelines are given for the collection of alluvial data. The paper describes what parameters need to be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equation. The criteria address only the collection of data for noncohesive sediment.","conferenceTitle":"Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627187","usgsCitation":"Glysson, D.G., 1989, Criteria for a sediment data set, Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 675-680.","startPage":"675","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb1e4b0c8380cd4e3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, Douglas G.","contributorId":25296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015871,"text":"70015871 - 1989 - Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:45:57","indexId":"70015871","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida","docAbstract":"Injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive, saltwater-bearing, fractured dolomite underlying the city of St. Petersburg, Florida, provided an opportunity to study density-dependent flow associated with two miscible and density-different liquids. The injection zone was 98 m thick with a radial hydraulic conductivity of 762 m/d and a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 152 m/d. Mean chloride concentrations of the injectant during two tests of 91 and 366 days duration were 180 and 170 mg/L, respectively, whereas chloride concentration of native salt water ranged from 19,000 to 20,000 mg/L. During the 366-day test, chloride concentration in water from a well open to the upper part of the injection zone 223 m from the injection well approximately stabilized at about 4000 mg/L. Relatively constant chloride concentrations in water from this observation well at a level significantly greater than the injectant concentration suggested the hypothesis that circular convection with saltwater flow added chloride ions to the injection zone flow sampled at the observation well. In order to assess the acceptability of the circular convection hypothesis, information was required about the velocity field during injection. Mass transport model simulations were used to provide this information, after determining that the fractured injection zone could be treated as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity. The mass transport model was calibrated using the 91-day test data from two observation wells 223 m from the injection well. The model was then run without parameter changes to simulate the 366-day test. Mass fractions of injectant computed for four observation wells during the 366-day test compared favorably with observed mass fractions. Observed mass fractions were calculated as a function of chloride concentration and density. Comparisons between model-computed mass fraction and velocity fields in a radial section showed circular convection, with salt water flowing toward the injection well in the lower part of the injection zone. The salt water then mixed with the injectant, and the mixture flowed away from the injection well in the upper part of the injection zone. On the basis of the model results and the assumed reasonableness of treating the injection zone as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity, the hypothesis of circular convection with saltwater flow during subsurface injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive saltwater-bearing fractured dolomite was judged acceptable.
Increased solubility of quartz and mobilization in contaminated groundwater due to the complexation with dissolved organic acids has been recently proposed [Bennett and Siegel, Nature326, 684–686 (1987)]. Using laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, we have examined mixed solutions of oxalic and silicic acids at near neutral pH in the tenth molar concentration ranges in an attempt to directly observe the proposed organo-silicate complexes.
In both laser Raman and infrared spectra, product bands were observed that indicate an oxalate/silicic acid ester is being formed in the reaction. These data support the observation that organic diacids can lead to enhanced solubility of quartz in hydrogeological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(89)90032-6","usgsCitation":"Marley, N., Bennett, P., Janecky, D., and Gaffney, J., 1989, Spectroscopic evidence for organic diacid complexation with dissolved silica in aqueous systems—I. Oxalic acid: Organic Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 5, p. 525-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(89)90032-6.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"525","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df09e4b05ec79911d1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marley, N.A.","contributorId":189729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marley","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.","contributorId":189730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janecky, D.R.","contributorId":189731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janecky","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaffney, J.S.","contributorId":189732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaffney","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015714,"text":"70015714 - 1989 - The relationship of catchment topography and soil hydraulic characteristics to lake alkalinity in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:02:33","indexId":"70015714","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship of catchment topography and soil hydraulic characteristics to lake alkalinity in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"We undertook the task of determining whether base flow alkalinity of surface waters in the northeastern United States is related to indices of soil contact time and flow path partitioning that are derived from topographic and soils information. The influence of topography and soils on catchment hydrology has been incorporated previously in the variable source area model TOPMODEL as the relative frequency distribution of ln (a/Kb tan B), where ln is the Naperian logarithm, “a” is the area drained per unit contour, K is the saturated hydraulic conductivity, b is the soil depth, and tan B is the slope. Using digital elevation and soil survey data, we calculated the ln (a/Kb tan B) distribution for 145 catchments. Indices of flow path partitioning and soil contact time were derived from the ln (a/Kb tan B) distributions and compared to measurements of alkalinity in lakes to which the catchments drain. We found that alkalinity was, in general, positively correlated with the index of soil contact time, whereas the correlation between alkalinity and the flow path partitioning index was weak at best. A portion of the correlation between the soil contact time index and alkalinity was attributable to covariation with soil base saturation and cation exchange capacity, while another portion was found to be independent of these factors. Although our results indicate that catchments with long soil contact time indices are most likely to produce high alkalinity base flow, a sensitivity analysis of TOPMODEL suggests that surface waters of these same watersheds may be susceptible to alkalinity depressions during storm events, due to the role of flow paths.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i005p00829","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., Hornberger, G., Beven, K., and Campbell, W., 1989, The relationship of catchment topography and soil hydraulic characteristics to lake alkalinity in the northeastern United States: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 829-837, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i005p00829.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"837","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf22e4b08c986b324589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beven, K.J.","contributorId":62759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, W.G.","contributorId":83278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015119,"text":"70015119 - 1989 - Hydrologic effects on water level changes associated with episodic fault creep near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:11:39.849828","indexId":"70015119","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic effects on water level changes associated with episodic fault creep near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"As part of the Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction experiment, water level is monitored in a well 460 m from the main trace of the San Andreas fault on Middle Mountain, in the preparation zone of the anticipated Parkfield earthquake. The well configuration allows water level to be monitored in two fluid reservoirs at depths of 85 and 250 m below land surface. During 1987, water level changes were recorded during 12 of the 18 episodes of accelerated fault creep detected by a creep meter spanning the fault trace 750 m northwest of the well. The creep-related water level changes in the shallow reservoir have durations of less than 1 day, whereas in the deeper reservoir the changes persist for as long as 2 months. These data suggest that the transient nature of the water level changes in the shallow interval is due to vertical flow to the water table and is not evidence that creep events propagate past the well. Phase leads of earth tidal constituents in the water level data from the shallow interval relative to the same constituents in the local volume strain tide support the interpretation of significant flow to the water table at periods of 1 day or less. The form of the water level changes in the deep interval is affected by horizontal flow to the well bore. This effect can be removed from the water level records using a theoretical response curve constrained by the phases of earth tidal constituents in the deep interval relative to the local volume strain tide. For the events where the signal in the shallow interval has been large enough to measure, the sizes of the simultaneous water level changes in the two reservoirs are consistent with the same amounts of volume strain occurring at both depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB09p12387","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Roeloffs, E., Burford, S., Riley, F.S., and Records, A., 1989, Hydrologic effects on water level changes associated with episodic fault creep near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B9, p. 12387-12402, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB09p12387.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"12387","endPage":"12402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3622e4b0c8380cd6048b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeloffs, E.A.","contributorId":88742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burford, S.S.","contributorId":85335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, F. S.","contributorId":7701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"F.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Records, A.W.","contributorId":107860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Records","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015099,"text":"70015099 - 1989 - A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:33:15.685231","indexId":"70015099","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","docAbstract":"A reliable method for collection, display, and analysis of low-frequency geophysical data from isolated sites, which can be throughout North and South America and the Pacific Rim, has been developed for use with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system. Geophysical data primarily intended for earthquake hazard and crustal deformation monitoring are digitized with either 12-bit or 16-bit resolution and transmitted every 10 min through a satellite link to a bank of UNIX-based computers in Menlo Park, California. There the data are available for analysis and display within a few seconds of their transmit time. This system provides real-time monitoring of crustal deformation parameters such as tilt, strain, fault displacement, local magnetic field, crustal geochemistry, and water levels, as well as meteorological and other parameters, along faults in California and Alaska, and in volcanic regions in the western United States, Rabaul, and other locations in the New Britain region of the South Pacific. Various mathematical, statistical, and graphical algorithms process the incoming data to detect changes in crustal deformation and fault slip that may indicate the first stages of catastrophic fault failure. Alert trigger levels based on physical models, signal resolution, and previous history have been defined for particular instrument types. Computer-driven remote paging and mail systems are used to notify appropriate personnel when alarm status is reached. The system supports continuous historical records of low-frequency geophysical data, software for extensive analysis of these data, and programs for modeling fault rupture with and without seismic radiation, as well as providing an environment for real-time attempts at earthquake prediction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790010189","usgsCitation":"Silverman, S., Mortensen, C., and Johnston, M., 1989, A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 1, p. 189-198, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790010189.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e579e4b0c8380cd46d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mortensen, C.","contributorId":67938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, M.","contributorId":88091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015101,"text":"70015101 - 1989 - A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:30:44.536153","indexId":"70015101","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set","docAbstract":"Using the region of the English Channel and the southern bight of the North Sea, we systematically compare the results of two independent finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics. The model intercomparison provides a means for increasing our understanding of the relevant physical processes in the region in question as well as a means for the evaluation of certain algorithmic procedures of the two models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(89)90022-5","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Werner, F., 1989, A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set: Advances in Water Resources, v. 12, no. 4, p. 184-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(89)90022-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"English Channel, North Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -4.238806932442344,\n 50.3556778594193\n ],\n [\n -3.9245012541310302,\n 48.66277868215653\n ],\n [\n -2.5055163001223946,\n 48.574893516299596\n ],\n [\n -1.4847440767553621,\n 48.6715886582364\n ],\n [\n -1.8533138209136837,\n 49.60324666326741\n ],\n [\n -1.4026293805001444,\n 49.72763916601804\n ],\n [\n -1.0403923729954272,\n 49.361900650268126\n ],\n [\n 0.0760210104153316,\n 49.44574669262283\n ],\n [\n 1.635796455450702,\n 50.222298286305914\n ],\n [\n 1.6665015413279889,\n 50.81452541862126\n ],\n [\n 3.5093411208896157,\n 51.37983407219363\n ],\n [\n 4.804229577841227,\n 53.015076989967184\n ],\n [\n 1.6199525098326717,\n 52.97597192513564\n ],\n [\n 1.684066477339286,\n 52.08219845138507\n ],\n [\n 0.7492061298781039,\n 51.370324917871756\n ],\n [\n 1.353208831024574,\n 51.37760627718626\n ],\n [\n 1.196391279270017,\n 50.86401998692878\n ],\n [\n -1.0133227594474192,\n 50.68434713349774\n ],\n [\n -1.8189956791787267,\n 50.60383129051692\n ],\n [\n -2.584590994819706,\n 50.546533664650156\n ],\n [\n -3.067986178446631,\n 50.633245929843326\n ],\n [\n -3.7034293402499543,\n 50.22220283072102\n ],\n [\n -4.238806932442344,\n 50.3556778594193\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e37ae4b0c8380cd4605b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Francisco","contributorId":236916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7223,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":370074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}