{"pageNumber":"1477","pageRowStart":"36900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41022,"records":[{"id":25939,"text":"wri854181 - 1986 - Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T19:07:44.814656","indexId":"wri854181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4181","title":"Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years","docAbstract":"<p>Significant upward trends in dissolved-solids concentrations were detected with the Seasonal Kendall Test for trends at three stations in the upper basin during the study period. The increases exceeded 270 milligrams per liter per year at two stations and 165 milligrams per liter per year at the third station.</p>\n<p>The composition of dissolved constituents in the Colorado River basin changes from predominantly sodium and chloride ions in the upper basin to predominantly calcium and bicarbonate ions in the lower basin. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations of 500 milligrams per liter for total dissolved solids was exceeded 95 percent of the time at each station on the main stem of the Colorado River in the upper basin. In the middle Colorado River basin, the Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations for total dissolved solids was exceeded approximately 95 percent of the time at most stations.</p>\n<p>Nutrient concentrations in the Colorado River basin generally were low. Only one sample exceeded the level set for nitrate nitrogen, and no other nutrient species exceeded Environmental Protection Agency levels. A general upward trend was detected in organic nitrogen and total nitrogen, but concentrations still remained low.</p>\n<p>Densities of fecal-col iform and fecal-streptococcal bacteria ranged from less than 1 colony per 100 milliliters to 26,000 colonies per 100 milliliters and 1 colony per 100 milliliters to 50,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively. Fecal-coliform densities exceeded Environmental Protection Agency criteria for public water supply (2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters) at several stations during the study.</p>\n<p>Biochemical oxygen demand concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 34 milligrams per liter. Only one mean biochemical oxygen demand concentration exceeded 8 milligrams per liter, the upper range of concentration common in moderately contaminated streams.</p>\n<p>Trace elements and pesticides were detected in many samples throughout the basin. The concentrations generally were low, and maximum contaminant levels rarely were exceeded.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854181","usgsCitation":"Andrews, F.L., and Schertz, T.L., 1986, Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4181, Report: vi, 97 p.; 1 Plate: 21.78 x 10.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854181.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 97 p.; 1 Plate: 21.78 x 10.92 inches","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54694,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36335.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13235,"text":"ofr862 - 1986 - Application of the aerial profiling of terrain system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr862","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-2","title":"Application of the aerial profiling of terrain system","docAbstract":"Test well Ch-Bf 146 was drilled to 1,650 ft below land surface to explore and evaluate the Patapsco Formation aquifers deeper than 1,000 ft in the Waldorf/La Plata area of Charles County, Maryland. The test hole penetrated two major aquifer systems above a depth of 1,000 ft and another major aquifer system and aquifer below 1,000 ft. The deepest aquifer system found in the test drilling, the Lower Patapsco aquifer system, is comprised of a group of sands which lie between 1,140 ft and the base of the Patapsco Formation at 1,417 ft. The Waldorf aquifer system, overlies the Upper Patapsco aquifer system and includes sands in the Waldorf/La Plata area that are referred to as the ' Magothy aquifer ' by other. At the test well site, the Waldorf aquifer system consists solely of sands in the Magothy and Monmouth Formations. The three major aquifer systems and the Middle Patapsco aquifer are correlative along the regional strike for at least 10 miles in the Waldorf/La Plata area. Correlations of geophysical logs indicate that individual sands 15 to 25 ft thick can be traced between wells. Geophysical log correlations also indicate that, at some well sites, the Waldorf aquifer system and the Upper Patapsco aquifer system are in sand-on-sand contact and function as one major hydrologic system at these sites. A production well (Ch-Bf 147) was drilled at the site of the test well (Ch-Bf 146). The initial static water level of these aquifers was 9.8 ft below sea level. Evaluation of the 24-hr pumping test of Ch-Bf 147 resulted in a transmissivity of 14,000 gpd/ft (gallons per day per foot) for the first 2 hours of the test and 7,300 gpd/ft for the remainder of the test. The decrease of 6,700 gpd/ft in the transmissivity indicates that the well 's expanding cone of depression intersected a transmissivity boundary after 2 hours of pumping. The Patapsco sands tested in Ch-Bf 147 have a storage coefficient of 0.0016. The hydraulic conductivity of the producing sands in Ch-Bf 147 is 127 gpd/sq ft. The quality of groundwater from the Lower Patapsco aquifer system and the Middle Patapsco aquifer is suitable for most purposes. The water is nearly neutral (pH = 7.4), low in dissolved solids (about 200 mg/L), low in specific conductance, slightly warm (22 C), very soft, naturally fluoridated, and moderately high in dissolved silica. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr862","usgsCitation":"Cyran, E., 1986, Application of the aerial profiling of terrain system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-2, iii, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr862.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0002/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ce4b07f02db4e878e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cyran, E.J.","contributorId":39792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyran","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27971,"text":"wri854113 - 1986 - Quantity and quality of urban storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York: Part 2,.Quality of storm runoff and atmospheric deposition, rainfall-runoff-quality modeling and potential of wetlands for sediment and nutrient retention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T20:50:12.378044","indexId":"wri854113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4113","title":"Quantity and quality of urban storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York: Part 2,.Quality of storm runoff and atmospheric deposition, rainfall-runoff-quality modeling and potential of wetlands for sediment and nutrient retention","docAbstract":"<p>Water quality data collected at 17 sites in urbanized and rural parts of the 438 sq km Irondequoit Creek basin from July 1980 through August 1981 were used to compute annual loads of eight selected constituents. Of the total annual loads of these constituents, 50 to 70% was transported to Irondequoit Bay during a 3.5-month period from late January to early May. Of six mixed-land-use subbasins, the two most highly urbanized had the highest loads of all constituents. Of the four sites representing single land uses, the high density residential site and the housing construction site had the highest loads of all constituents except cadmium. A rainfall-runoff model was used to predict quantity and quality of storm runoff leaving one commercial site, two residential sites, and a large mixed-land-use subbasin. Predicted volume and peak discharges were within 10 to 30% of the measured values; predicted runoff loads of most constituents were within 40 to 60% of measured values. Stormflow modification in the Irondequoit Creek wetlands by two hypothetical control structures was simulated. Results indicate that outflow from the upper wetland could be decreased and stormflows dispersed to a greater part of the upper wetland to increase retention of suspended solids and associated chemical constituents.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854113","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., Yager, R.M., and Zarriello, P.J., 1986, Quantity and quality of urban storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York: Part 2,.Quality of storm runoff and atmospheric deposition, rainfall-runoff-quality modeling and potential of wetlands for sediment and nutrient retention: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4113, x, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854113.","productDescription":"x, 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399710,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36278.htm"},{"id":56792,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Rochester","otherGeospatial":"Irondequoit Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.642,\n              42.933\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.383,\n              42.933\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.383,\n              43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.642,\n              43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.642,\n              42.933\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M.","contributorId":18754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zarriello, Philip J.","contributorId":21588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":12093,"text":"ofr86237 - 1986 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12093,"text":"ofr86237 - 1986 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","indexId":"ofr86237","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043733,"text":"70043733 - 1987 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","indexId":"70043733","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043733,"text":"70043733 - 1987 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","indexId":"70043733","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T15:58:11.205019","indexId":"ofr86237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-237","title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","docAbstract":"<p>This report was prepared in cooperation with several organizations in the Salt Lake Valley and with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District to present results of a study to determine changes in the ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from 1969 to 1983, and to predict the aquifer response to projected withdrawals. The average annual recharge and discharge from the ground-water reservoir in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, during 1969-82 were estimated to be about 352,000 and 353,000 acre-feet per year. Withdrawals from wells increased from 107,000 acre-feet per year during 1964-68 to 117,000 acre-feet per year during 1969-82. The greatest increase in use was for public supply and institutions which increased from 35,000 acre-feet per year during 1964-68 to 46,700 acre-feet per year during 1969-82.</p><p>From 1969 to 1983 water levels declined from 5 to 15 feet in the southeast part of the valley where pumpage from large public supply wells was greater during 1969-82 than during previous years. From February-March 1969 to February-March 1983 the quantity of ground water in storage in Salt Lake Valley increased by about 33,000 acre-feet.</p><p>A digital-computer model was calibrated to simulate, in three-dimensions, the ground-water flow in the principal and shallow-unconfined aquifers in Salt Lake Valley. Simulations were made to project the response to continuing withdrawals through 2020. Alternative pumping rates used were (1) the 1982 rate of pumpage and (2) increasing the 1982 rate of pumpage by 65,000 acre-feet. The simulation at the increased rate of pumpage indicated that drawdowns would reach 40-60 feet in the area east of Sandy. About 75 percent of the increased withdrawal was salvaged from water that otherwise would have been discharged to the Jordan River and its tributaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86237","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Seiler, R.L., Santini, M., and Solomon, D.K., 1986, Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-237, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86237.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake 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K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santini, M.","contributorId":64659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":33356,"text":"b1713A - 1986 - Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T13:30:04.246716","indexId":"b1713A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area (CDCA266) comprises approximately 45,000 acres in the northern New York Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. At the request of the Bureau of Land Management, 39,303 acres of the wilderness study area were studied. The area was investigated during 1982-1985 using combined geologic, geochemical, and geophysical methods. are considered preliminarily suitable for wilderness deignation. There are no mineral reserves or identified resources in the study area. Fluorspar, occurring in sparse veins, has moderate resource potential, as do silver and lead in fault zones, and gold and silver in sparse, high-grade veins and fault breccia. Each area of moderate resource potential encompasses less than one square mile. These same commodities have low resource potential in similar occurrences throughout much of the study area. In addition, there is low resource potential for gold in placer deposits, uranium in altered breccia and gouge, and rare-earth elements in pegmatite dikes. There is no resource potential for oil and gas resources over most of the study area, but the potential is unknown along its western margin. In this report, the area studied is referred to\"the wilderness study area\", or simply \"the study area.\"</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Wilderness Study Areas: Eastern California Desert Conservation Area","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1713A","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Frisken, J.G., Jachens, R.C., and Gese, D.D., 1986, Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1713, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1713A.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino","otherGeospatial":"Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.224609375,\n              35.475769157259265\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.32829284667967,\n              35.4550769336729\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.34751892089845,\n              35.45172093634465\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.37498474121092,\n              35.44053326772722\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.38459777832031,\n              35.43102252677332\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.38528442382812,\n              35.423189308372564\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.31867980957031,\n              35.340894535882846\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3131866455078,\n              35.335853353844065\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.30288696289062,\n              35.33697364369794\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.28572082519533,\n              35.33473304845998\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26100158691406,\n              35.316245767635834\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25207519531249,\n              35.314004597852474\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.23902893066408,\n              35.317926604216396\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.22529602050781,\n              35.3072807158836\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.22804260253906,\n              35.29775425972381\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.23834228515626,\n              35.29383127531525\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.24658203125,\n              35.288226682029574\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.24864196777342,\n              35.278137436300966\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.21156311035156,\n              35.24842291350237\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.04127502441406,\n              35.331372039128475\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.224609375,\n              35.475769157259265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, James G.","contributorId":76740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gese, Diann D.","contributorId":68808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gese","given":"Diann","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174099,"text":"70174099 - 1986 - Hydrology of carbonate aquifers in southwestern Linn County and adjacent parts of Benton, Iowa, and Johnson Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T14:37:03.487347","indexId":"70174099","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Hydrology of carbonate aquifers in southwestern Linn County and adjacent parts of Benton, Iowa, and Johnson Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater is the major source of water in Linn County and the surrounding area. Approximately 90 percent of the groundwater production is from Silurian, Devonian, and Quaternary aquifers.</p>\n<p>The Silurian and Devonian aquifers consist of limestone and dolomite with minor shale beds, which have a regional dip to the southwest of approximately 20 feet per mile. The Silurian aquifer in east-central Iowa is confined from below by Upper Ordovician, Maquoketa Formation shales, and from above by the Kenwood Member of the Wapsipinicon Formation and the Otis and Bertram formations. The Quaternary aquifer consists of unconsolidated sand and gravel beds in the glacial drift, and in the alluvium which is associated with modern streams. The alluvium consists of lenticular beds of poorly-to well-sorted silt, sand, and gravel. The sand and gravel beds are interlayered with relatively-impermeable beds of till, silt, and clay.</p>\n<p>Water moves through the Silurian aquifer in part due to a complex distribution of porous and dense carbonate facies. Horizons containing skeletal molds in the Silurian dolomite have porosities as much as 39 percent, and are laterally equivalent to dolomites with porosities as little as less than one percent. Because of subsequent fracturing and solutional enlargement of these porous horizons, hydrologic correlation of the primary water-yielding zones is not always possible. One horizon, however, does occur approximately 70 to 105 feet above the base of the Silurian, and is the most consistently productive water-yielding unit in the area. This horizon is Informally referred to as the Farmers Creek aquifer.</p>\n<p>The potentiometric surface of the Silurian aquifer has a gradient towards the Cedar River, indicating discharge from the aquifer through the alluvium into the river. By comparison, the potentiometric surface of the overlying Devonian aquifer is equal to that of the Silurian and may range to more than 40 feet higher. Yields to individual wells completed in the Silurian and Devonian carbonate aquifers vary from less than 10 to about 500 gallons per minute. Individual wells completed in the Quaternary aquifer yield as much as 2,000 gallons per minute.</p>\n<p>Water analyses from the Devonian and Silurian aquifers indicate that they are of similar chemical quality at most locations in the study area. However, they may commonly contain concentrations of sulfate that exceed 1,000 mil grams per liter. Dissolved-solids concentrations as much as 2,350 milligrams per liter occur in the Silurian aquifer in the western and southwestern part of the study area. Water from the Quaternary aquifer generally is suitable for most uses and dissolved-solids concentrations generally are less than 750 milligrams per liter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K., and Bunker, B.J., 1986, Hydrology of carbonate aquifers in southwestern Linn County and adjacent parts of Benton, Iowa, and Johnson Counties, Iowa: Water Supply Bulletin 15, ix, 56 p.","productDescription":"ix, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493181,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174099/IGS_wsb_15.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":324479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.9281005859375,\n              41.79384042311992\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9281005859375,\n              42.25088477477569\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.45294189453125,\n              42.25088477477569\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.45294189453125,\n              41.79384042311992\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9281005859375,\n              41.79384042311992\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e31e4b07657d1a8199b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth","contributorId":172488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunker, Bill J.","contributorId":172487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunker","given":"Bill","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208015,"text":"70208015 - 1986 - An oil spill and hazardous waste vulnerability modeling approach (Coastal Louisiana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-24T06:26:41","indexId":"70208015","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T15:00:22","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An oil spill and hazardous waste vulnerability modeling approach (Coastal Louisiana)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographic information systems for environmental protection : A workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geographic information systems for environmental protection : A workshop","conferenceDate":"January 22-23, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Center","usgsCitation":"Stayner, F.O., Johnston, J.B., and Scurry, J.D., 1986, An oil spill and hazardous waste vulnerability modeling approach (Coastal Louisiana), <i>in</i> Geographic information systems for environmental protection : A workshop, Las Vegas, NV, January 22-23, 1986, p. 163-169.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              30.467614102257855\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.93310546875,\n              29.7453016622136\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1201171875,\n              29.611670115197377\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.56005859375,\n              29.286398892934763\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.98876953125,\n              29.017748018496047\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71435546875,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              28.825425374477224\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.11035156249999,\n              29.22889003019423\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.22021484375,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31884765624999,\n              30.050076521698735\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75830078125,\n              30.372875188118016\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              30.467614102257855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stayner, Floyd O.","contributorId":216223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stayner","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scurry, James D.","contributorId":221241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70216462,"text":"70216462 - 1986 - A two-water model of aluminum mobilization and immobilization in a natural soil system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-19T20:52:21.12712","indexId":"70216462","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T14:51:49","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"A two-water model of aluminum mobilization and immobilization in a natural soil system","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Virginia","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., 1986, A two-water model of aluminum mobilization and immobilization in a natural soil system, 162 p.","productDescription":"162 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197301,"text":"70197301 - 1986 - Morphology and age of fault scarps in the Rio Grande Rift, south-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T12:23:47","indexId":"70197301","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Special Publication 28","title":"Morphology and age of fault scarps in the Rio Grande Rift, south-central Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Fault scarps in the Rio Grande rift of Colorado provide most of the evidence of paleoseismicity in the state, and are thus a major focus of assessments of earthquake hazards. Critical components of such assessments are the ages of past faulting events; age control is scarce and generally coarse for the Rio Grande rift in Colorado. Ages estimated from fault-scarp morphology are thus valuable, partly because they are directly related to the fault eVents, and partly for want of alternative methods. </p><p>The processes responsible for scarp degradation are poorly understood and the many variables that affect the rates and relative importance of those processes limits the precision and accuracy of age estimates derived from scarp morphology. Both analytical and empirical methods are available for relating scarp degradation processes to scarp morphology and age. Diffusion-equation models that have been derived for scarp degradation are useful for their predictive value and for the insight they provide about the degradation processes. However, because of the limitations mentioned above and because of the multiple-event nature of the scarps in the Rio Grande rift, the simpler empirical approach involving the relation between scarp angle and the logarithm of scarp height is used here. </p><p>The scarp-morphology data from the Rio Grande rift suggest that the youngest movements on all of the scarps examined occurred less than 15,000 years ago, with the exception of two scarps that are formed on lithologically dissimilar deposits. This age estimate is consistent with the observation that all of the scarps occur at least in part on deposits of Pinedale age. The scarp-morphology data suggest that some of the scarps are closer to 5,000 years than to 15,000 years in age; several of these scarps occur on deposits of early Holocene age and are associated with early Holocene radiocarbon dates. One scarp occurs on deposits with radiocarbon dates of only a few thousand years, although the morphology of this scarp is unusual for its age. Three scarps have morphologies that suggest that they may represent fault events younger than 5,000 years old. Although no corroboration is available, these scarps may represent some of the youngest fault movements in Colorado. </p>","largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Colorado Seisrnicity and Tectonics: A 1986 Update","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Rogers, W.P., and Kirkham, R., 1986, Morphology and age of fault scarps in the Rio Grande Rift, south-central Colorado, v. 28, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/wp-content/uploads/docs/Pubs/SP-28.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande rift","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15b4b6e4b092d9651e2363","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rogers, William P.","contributorId":24220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirkham, Robert M.","contributorId":98817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkham","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M.","contributorId":6439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, William P.","contributorId":24220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207312,"text":"70207312 - 1986 - The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T13:37:33.216588","indexId":"70207312","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-16T15:46:03","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Juan Basin of northwest New Mexico and southwest Colorado contains several Upper Cretaceous coal-bearing formations. The coals in these formations were deposited in environments associated with repeated transgressions and regressions of the Western Interior seaway in Late Cretaceous time. A detailed subsurface and surface study of the coal beds in one of these units, the Fruitland Formation, formed the basis for a coal-depositional model (Fassett and Hinds, 1971). This model basically shows that the thickest Fruitland coals formed landward of thickly stacked sandstone beds of the regressive-marine Pictured Cliffs Sandstone. Transferability of the Fruitland coal model was tested by comparing it to another San Juan Basin coal-bearing rock unit, the lower Menefee Formation. Lower Menefee coal deposits were formed in association with the Point Lookout Sandstone, an older regressive-marine unit. The purpose of this comparison was to see if thick lower Menefee coal beds were also concentrated adjacent to thick vertical shoreface-sandstone buildups. This comparison showed that even though thick sandstone buildups were found in the Point Lookout, no thick coal beds were found in the lower Menefee Formation adjacent to them. This test suggests that certain coal depositional models may have limited value as predictive tools and must be used with caution by coal explorationists. Even more importantly, potential coal-bearing areas should never be written off simply because they do not fit a previously described model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE210-p155","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J.E., 1986, The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado: GSA Special Papers, v. 210, p. 155-171, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE210-p155.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0562744140625,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0562744140625,\n              37.4530574713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              37.4530574713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"210","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, James E. jfassett@usgs.gov","contributorId":73590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"James","email":"jfassett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":777649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121382,"text":"70121382 - 1986 - A population model for a long-lived, resprouting chaparral shrub: <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T11:30:36","indexId":"70121382","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T11:28:11","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A population model for a long-lived, resprouting chaparral shrub: <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i>","docAbstract":"Extensive stands of <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i> H.&A. (chamise) in the chaparral of California are periodically rejuvenated by fire. A population model based on size-specific demographic characteristics (thinning and fire-caused mortality) was developed to generate probable age distributions within size classes and survivorship curves for typical stands. The model was modified to assess the long term effects of different mortality rates on age distributions. Under observed mean mortality rates (28.7%), model output suggests some shrubs can survive more than 23 fires. A 10% increase in mortality rate by size class slightly shortened the survivorship curve, while a 10% decrease in mortality rate by size class greatly elongated the curve. This approach may be applicable to other long-lived plant species with complex life histories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(86)90007-4","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., and Rundel, P.W., 1986, A population model for a long-lived, resprouting chaparral shrub: <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i>: Ecological Modelling, v. 34, no. 3-4, p. 245-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(86)90007-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292771,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(86)90007-4"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707cee4b05ec1f2431b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014635,"text":"70014635 - 1986 - Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi: Geohydrologic data compilation for flow model simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T16:50:23.525662","indexId":"70014635","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi: Geohydrologic data compilation for flow model simulation","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer System Analysis (GC RASA) study, data from 184 geophysical well logs were used to define the geohydrologic framework of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi for flow model simulation. Five major aquifers of Eocene and Paleocene age were defined within this aquifer system in Mississippi.</p><p>A computer data storage system was established to assimilate the information obtained from the geophysical logs. Computer programs were developed to manipulate the data to construct geologic sections and structure maps. Data from the storage system will be input to a five-layer, three-dimensional, finite-difference digital computer model that is used to simulate the flow dynamics in the five major aquifers of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system.</p><p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00773.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Arthur, J.K., and Taylor, R., 1986, Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi: Geohydrologic data compilation for flow model simulation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1021-1029, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00773.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1029","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4acee4b0c8380cd69074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, J. K.","contributorId":56223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, R.E.","contributorId":29836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013729,"text":"1013729 - 1986 - Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T16:26:51.751302","indexId":"1013729","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17824,"text":"Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Blinded, pinealectomized, or blinded and pinealectomized female channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) were placed with normal (unoperated on) control fish in outdoor tanks at constant temperature (21 ± 2 C) or earthen ponds (ambient conditions) in February or August, when they were 21 or 27 mo old. Fish were sampled through the following reproductive season. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma estrogen concentration changed seasonally in 3-yr-old fish, but the changes were less marked or lacking in 2-yr-olds. The GSI levels of sexually mature (≥3 years old) fish peaked about a month earlier in the tanks than in the ponds; the estrogen peak for fish in the tanks was lower than that for pond fish. All experimental fish (both ages) in ponds delayed ovarian resorption for about 1 mo, compared with normal control fish. Exposure to constant 21 C water allowed earlier gonadal recrudescence. All groups of sexually mature fish that were surgically altered in August spawned during the following spring. Fish with eyes spawned earlier and had higher spawning percentages (control 68%, pinealectomized 75%) than did fish without eyes (blinded 50%, blinded and pinealectomized 56%). Neither the eyes nor the pineal is essential for spring gonadal maturation or for spawning in channel catfish, but one or both may have a role in timing these events. An annual internal oscillator that may be modified by environmental temperature is suggested as the primary control of reproductive cycling in the species. Light information obtained through the pineal, eyes, or both appears to affect the time of gonadal resorption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/physzool.59.6.30158617","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.B., Goudie, C.A., Simco, B., MacGregor, R., and Parker, N., 1986, Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, v. 59, no. 6, p. 717-724, https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.59.6.30158617.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60227d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simco, B.A.","contributorId":101216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simco","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacGregor, R. III","contributorId":56178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacGregor","given":"R.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223697,"text":"5223697 - 1986 - Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T15:58:10.964942","indexId":"5223697","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","docAbstract":"<p><i>Neblinaria celiae</i><span>&nbsp;(Theaceae), a rosette shrub endemic to the exceedingly rainy summit of remote Cerro de la Neblina in southern Venezuela, has a previously undescribed set of adaptations to fire. Its growth form entails sparse branching, massive terminal leaf rosettes, and thick bark. It is highly fire-tolerant, with a survival rate of 93% in a stand recently ignited by lightning, vs. 0% in seven co-occurring woody species. Survival increases sharply with rosette height, favoring a sparsely branched habit that would maximize the rate of upward growth through the sparse fuel layer supported by a sterile substrate. Thick bark and massive rosettes help protect cambial and foliar meristems from brief exposure to high temperatures. Rosettes on shorter plants are exposed to greater damage from fire near the ground and, as expected, are bigger and impound more rainwater; the greater number of leaves nearly balances the greater leaf mortality caused by fire. We relate&nbsp;</span><i>Neblinaria's</i><span>&nbsp;growth form to its dominance atop Neblina, to a general model for the evolution of sparse branching, and to the evolution of growth form in other tepui plants.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sprinter Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00379892","usgsCitation":"Givnish, T., McDiarmid, R., and Buck, W., 1986, Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui: Oecologia, v. 70, no. 4, p. 481-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379892.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"485","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17712,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/m200807695337366/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f461d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Givnish, T.J.","contributorId":40317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givnish","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buck, W.R.","contributorId":61542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014627,"text":"70014627 - 1986 - Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-25T16:27:17.352171","indexId":"70014627","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic","docAbstract":"Temperature profiles measured in permafrost in northernmost Alaska usually have anomalous curvature in the upper 100 meters or so. When analyzed by heat-conduction theory, the profiles indicate a variable but widespread secular warming of the permafrost surface, generally in the range of 2 to 4 Celsius degrees during the last few decades to a century. Although details of the climatic change cannot be resolved with existing data, there is little doubt of its general magnitude and timing; alternative explanations are limited by the fact that heat transfer in cold permafrost is exclusively by conduction. Since models of greenhouse warming predict climatic change will be greatest in the Arctic and might already be in progress, it is prudent to attempt to understand the rapidly changing thermal regime in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4777.689","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A.H., and Marshall, B.V., 1986, Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic: Science, v. 234, no. 4777, p. 689-696, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4777.689.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"696","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaskan Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              68.78776745900396\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.06125074207813,\n              68.78776745900396\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.06125074207813,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"234","issue":"4777","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f43fe4b0c8380cd4bc1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, Arthur H.","contributorId":27850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, B. Vaughan","contributorId":83896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vaughan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206106,"text":"70206106 - 1986 - The Center Pond pluton: The restite of the story (phase separation and melt evolution in granitoid genesis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-23T08:00:50","indexId":"70206106","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-22T13:28:52","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Center Pond pluton: The restite of the story (phase separation and melt evolution in granitoid genesis)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Center Pond pluton is a calc-alkaline post-tectonic Acadian body intruding chlorite grade Silurian metasediments of E-central Maine. Mapping and petrographic work reveal that the pluton contains 5 igneous rock types; quartz diorite, hornblende-biotite granodiorite, biotite granite, porphyritic granite, and aplitic granite. The linearity of major and trace element trends and Rb-Sr isotope systematics indicate that partial melting and unmixing of a single mafic or intermediate metaigneous rock to restite (residual phases in equilibrium with the melting event at depth) and near-eutectic minimum melt may account for much of the observed geochemical variation within the Center Pond pluton. Major and trace element trends rule out fractional crystallization as a model for Center Pond. -from Authors</span></p>","language":"English ","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.2475/ajs.286.4.241","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Scambos, T.A., Loiselle, M., and Wones, D.R., 1986, The Center Pond pluton: The restite of the story (phase separation and melt evolution in granitoid genesis): American Journal of Science, v. 286, no. 4, p. 241-280, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.286.4.241.","productDescription":"40 p. ","startPage":"241","endPage":"280","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.286.4.241","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Maine 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A.","contributorId":45156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scambos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loiselle, M.C.","contributorId":36991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loiselle","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wones, D. R.","contributorId":104079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70233975,"text":"70233975 - 1986 - Influence of welded boundaries in anelastic media on energy flow, and characteristics of P, S-I, and S-II waves: Observational evidence for inhomogeneous body waves in low-loss solids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:18:35.885135","indexId":"70233975","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-10T09:13:26","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Influence of welded boundaries in anelastic media on energy flow, and characteristics of <i>P</i>, <i>S</i>-I, and <i>S</i>-II waves: Observational evidence for inhomogeneous body waves in low-loss solids","title":"Influence of welded boundaries in anelastic media on energy flow, and characteristics of P, S-I, and S-II waves: Observational evidence for inhomogeneous body waves in low-loss solids","docAbstract":"<p>A general computer code, developed to calculate anelastic reflection-refraction coefficients, energy flow, and the physical characteristics for general<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i>-I, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i>-II waves, quantitatively describes physical characteristics for wave fields in anelastic media that do not exist in elastic media. Consideration of wave fields incident on boundaries between anelastic media shows that scattered wave fields experience reductions in phase and energy speeds, increases in maximum attenuation and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><sup>−1</sup>, and directions of maximum energy flow distinct from phase propagation. Each of these changes in physical characteristics are shown to vary with angle of incidence. Finite relaxation times for anelastic media result in energy flow due to interaction of superimposed radiation fields and contribute to energy flow across anelastic boundaries for all angles of incidence. Agreement of theoretical and numerical results with laboratory measurements argues for the validity of the theoretical and numerical formulations incorporating inhomogeneous wave fields. The agreement attests to the applicability of the model and helps confirm the existence of inhomogeneous body waves and their associated set of distinct physical characteristics in the earth. The existence of such body waves in layered, low-loss anelastic solids implies the need to reformulate some seismological models of the earth. The exact anelastic formulation for a liquid-solid interface with no low-loss approximations predicts the existence of a range of angles of incidence or an anelastic Rayleigh window, through which significant amounts of energy are transmitted across the boundary. The window accounts for the discrepancy apparent between measured reflection data presented in early textbooks and predictions based on classical elasticity theory. Characteristics of the anelastic Rayleigh window are expected to be evident in certain sets of wide-angle, ocean-bottom reflection data and to be useful in estimating<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for some ocean bottom reflectors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB11p11503","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., Glassmoyer, G., and Wennerberg, L., 1986, Influence of welded boundaries in anelastic media on energy flow, and characteristics of P, S-I, and S-II waves: Observational evidence for inhomogeneous body waves in low-loss solids: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B11, p. 11503-11518, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB11p11503.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11503","endPage":"11518","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glassmoyer, Gary","contributorId":28619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wennerberg, Leif","contributorId":96008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wennerberg","given":"Leif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70233968,"text":"70233968 - 1986 - Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:08:19.543582","indexId":"70233968","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-10T08:54:46","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Short-period strain (0.1–10<sup>5</sup> s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (<i>M<sub>L</sub></i> 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","title":"Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","docAbstract":"<p>Measurements of dilational earth strain in the frequency band 25–10<sup>−5</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Hz have been made on a deep borehole strainmeter installed near the San Andreas fault. These data are used to determine seismic radiation fields during nuclear explosions, teleseisms, local earthquakes, and ground noise during seismically quiet times. Strains of less than 10<sup>−10</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>on these instruments can be clearly resolved at short periods (&lt; 10 s) and are recorded with wide dynamic range digital recorders. This permits measurement of the static and dynamic strain variations in the near field of local earthquakes. Noise spectra for earth strain referenced to 1 (strain)<sup>2</sup>/Hz show that strain resolution decreases at about 10 dB per decade of frequency from −150 dB at 10<sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Hz to −223 dB at 10 Hz. Exact expressions are derived to relate the volumetric strain and displacement field for a homogeneous<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>wave in a general viscoelastic solid as observed on colocated dilatometers and seismometers. A rare near-field recording of strain and seismic velocity was obtained on May 26, 1984, from an earthquake (<i>M</i><sub><i>L</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>3.2) at a hypocentral distance of 3.2 km near the San Andreas fault at San Juan Bautista, California. While the data indicate no precursory strain release at the 5 × 10<sup>−11</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>strain level, a coseismic strain release of 1.86 nanostrain was observed. This change in strain is consistent with that calculated from a simple dislocation model of the event. Ground displacement spectra, determined from the downhole strain data and instrument-corrected surface seismic data, suggest that source parameters estimated from surface recordings may be contaminated by amplification effects in near-surface low-velocity materials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB11p11497","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Borcherdt, R.D., and Linde, A.T., 1986, Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B11, p. 11497-11502, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB11p11497.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11497","endPage":"11502","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Juan Bautista","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.79855346679686,\n              36.70916449436405\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.40579223632812,\n              36.70916449436405\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.40579223632812,\n              36.99048777141413\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79855346679686,\n              36.99048777141413\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79855346679686,\n              36.70916449436405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linde, A. T.","contributorId":21700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128351,"text":"70128351 - 1986 - Landform modifications at a nuclear-waste burial site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T14:34:31","indexId":"70128351","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-07T15:02:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landform modifications at a nuclear-waste burial site","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Fourth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference: Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, Subcommittee on Sedimentation, Las Vegas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., 1986, Landform modifications at a nuclear-waste burial site, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Fourth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference: Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, Subcommittee on Sedimentation, Las Vegas, v. 1, p. 3-93-3-102.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3-93","endPage":"3-102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500aee4b0a4f4b46a23a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":46025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121226,"text":"70121226 - 1986 - Monitoring grizzly bear population trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T10:20:19","indexId":"70121226","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-01T10:15:44","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring grizzly bear population trends","docAbstract":"A simple different equation model was developed to provide additional perspective on observed mortality and trend data on Yellowstone grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>).  Records of mortalities of adult females from 1959 to 1985 were utilized, in conjunction with data on females with cubs.  The overall downward trend of observed numbers of females with cubs generally agrees with the model calculations but does not adequately reflect mortality from 1970 to 1974.  The model may be useful in developing a composite index of population trend.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3800971","usgsCitation":"Eberhardt, L., Knight, R., and Blanchard, B., 1986, Monitoring grizzly bear population trends: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 4, p. 613-618, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800971.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292615,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3800971"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b657e4b09d12e0e8e700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhardt, L.L.","contributorId":72313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, B.M.","contributorId":40907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70121359,"text":"70121359 - 1986 - Introduction to stream network habitat analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T10:06:08","indexId":"70121359","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T09:52:46","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 86(8)","title":"Introduction to stream network habitat analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Increasing demands on stream resources by a variety of users have resulted in an increased emphasis on studies that evaluate the cumulative effects of basinwide water management programs.  Network habitat analysis refers to the evaluation of an entire river basin (or network) by predicting its habitat response to alternative management regimes.  The analysis principally focuses on the biological and hydrological components of the riv er basin, which include both micro- and macrohabitat.  (The terms micro- and macrohabitat are further defined and discussed later in this document.)  Both conceptual and analytic models are frequently used for simplifying and integrating the various components of the basin.  The model predictions can be used in developing management recommendations to preserve, restore, or enhance instream fish habitat.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A network habitat analysis should begin with a clear and concise statement of the study objectives and a thorough understanding of the institutional setting in which the study results will be applied.  This includes the legal, social, and political considerations inherent in any water management setting.  The institutional environment may dictate the focus and level of detail required of the study to a far greater extent than the technical considerations.  After the study objectives, including species on interest, and institutional setting are collectively defined, the technical aspects should be scoped to determine the spatial and temporal requirements of the analysis.  A macro level approach should be taken first to identify critical biological elements and requirements.  Next, habitat availability is quantified much as in a \"standard\" river segment analysis, with the likely incorporation of some macrohabitat components, such as stream temperature.  Individual river segments may be aggregated to represent the networkwide habitat response of alternative water management schemes.  Things learned about problems caused or opportunities generated may be fed back to the design of new alternatives, which themselves may be similarly tested.  One may get as sophisticated an analysis as the decisionmaking process demands.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Figure 1 shows a decision point that asks whether the results from the micro- or macrohabitat models display cumulative or synergistic effects.  If they do, then network habitat analysis is the appropriate tool.  We are left, however, in a difficult bind.  We may not know a priori whether the effects are cumulative or synergistic unless some network-type questions are investigated as part of the scoping process.  The next several sections raise issues designed to alert the modeler to relevant questions necessary to address this paradox.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., and Waddle, T.J., 1986, Introduction to stream network habitat analysis, ix, 242 p.","productDescription":"ix, 242 p.","numberOfPages":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707dee4b05ec1f2431bef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014842,"text":"70014842 - 1986 - Recovery of compacted soils in Mojave Desert ghost towns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:40:23.485618","indexId":"70014842","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of compacted soils in Mojave Desert ghost towns","docAbstract":"<p><span>Residual compaction of soils was measured at seven sites in five Mojave Desert ghost towns. Soils in these Death Valley National Monument townsites were compacted by vehicles, animals, and human trampling, and the townsites had been completely abandoned and the buildings removed for 64 to 75 yr. The soils studied (generally sandy, mixed, Typic Calciorthids) were derived from granitic or volcanic alluvium at elevations from 1310 to 1730 m. Compaction measurements in the townsites, including penetration depth, penetration resistance, bulk density, and peak shear stress, indicated that only one site had completely recovered to ambient soil conditions after 75 yr. Recovery times extrapolated using a linear recovery model ranged from 80 to 140 yr and averaged 100 yr. The recovery times were related to elevation, suggesting freeze-thaw loosening as an important factor in ameliorating soil compaction in the Mojave Desert.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050051x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.H., Steiger, J.W., and Wilshire, H.G., 1986, Recovery of compacted soils in Mojave Desert ghost towns: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1341-1344, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050051x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1341","endPage":"1344","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.94087452715209,\n              36.840358983330546\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.94087452715209,\n              35.46347940063626\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34926160614305,\n              35.46347940063626\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34926160614305,\n              36.840358983330546\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.94087452715209,\n              36.840358983330546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a332e4b0e8fec6cdb7ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":141216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steiger, John W.","contributorId":19196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilshire, Howard G.","contributorId":68346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014607,"text":"70014607 - 1986 - Theory, construction and operation of simple tensiometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T11:56:45.009597","indexId":"70014607","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10067,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theory, construction and operation of simple tensiometers","docAbstract":"<p>The tensiometer, introduced by Richards and Gardner (1936) has been a tool often ignored in unsaturated zone investigations. Hazardous waste disposal studies that require values of unsaturated zone matric potentials will expand tensiometer use. Familiarity with operation and installation principles is necessary to ensure quality data collection.</p><p>The essential elements of a tensiometer are a porous cup connected with tubing to a vacuum gauge; all are filled with water. When the porous cup is buried in unsaturated soil, the soil draws water through the cup wall, until the water tension inside the cup equals the surrounding soil-water tension. The tension is transmitted through the water filled tube to an accessible vacuum gauge (manometer or transducer) and is recorded manually or automatically.</p><p>Although specialized tensiometers exist, the tensiometer presented here in detail is suited to diverse on-site applications. Constructed from readily available, inexpensive parts, it can measure as much as 0.85 bar of tension. Design features include a flushing system for removal of entrapped air or mercury, and an easily maintained modular network of nylon manometers and water-supply tubes.</p><p>Good hydraulic connection between porous cup and soil and meticulous backfill procedures are necessary for accurate measurement of representative matric potentials. Proper and consistent use of tensiometers should yield reliable values of matric potentials, and lead to a better understanding of unsaturated zone processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1986.tb00952.x","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., 1986, Theory, construction and operation of simple tensiometers: Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, v. 6, no. 3, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1986.tb00952.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225968,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb204e4b08c986b325551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014576,"text":"70014576 - 1986 - The temperature dependence of isothermal moisture vs. potential characteristics of soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:48:12.387972","indexId":"70014576","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The temperature dependence of isothermal moisture vs. potential characteristics of soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method has been developed for rapid, transient measurement of hysteretic soil-moisture characteristics as a function of temperature. While a varying soil-water pressure was imposed on a thin sample by means of flexible membranes held in firm contact with the soil, water content was measured by gamma-ray attenuation, and matric potential was measured with tensiometers. The applied pressure was cycled through a program designed to obtain hysteretic θ(ψ) main and scanning curves. Isothermal characteristics were measured for 181-µm glass beads, Plainfield (Typic Udipsamments) sand, and an undisturbed core of Plano (Typic Argiudolls) silt loam at several temperatures in the 4° to 50°C range. At each temperature the measurements included main drying and wetting curves covering the θ range from 0.30 to 0.05 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;water/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;for glass beads, 0.30 to 0.17 for sand, and 0.45 to 0.37 for silt loam. A model has been developed to quantify the temperature dependence as a function of θ. Combined with an isothermal hysteresis model of Mualem, this model requires only three characteristic functions to represent all hysteretic θ(ψ) curves for a given medium at all temperatures. Model calculations for the sand and silt loam data indicate that except near saturation, the temperature effect is greater than can be accounted for by the temperature dependence of the surface tension of pure water. The results rule out several possible explanations but they support the hypothesis that the concentration and effectiveness of dissolved surfactants increases with temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050004x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., and Miller, E., 1986, The temperature dependence of isothermal moisture vs. potential characteristics of soils: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1105-1113, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050004x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1113","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0ebe4b08c986b325123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E.E.","contributorId":50299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70226791,"text":"70226791 - 1986 - Hydrogeochemistry of sulfide and arsenic-rich tailings and alluvium along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota (Part 1 of 3 parts)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T17:55:09.273661","indexId":"70226791","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T11:43:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9948,"text":"Mineral & Energy Resources","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemistry of sulfide and arsenic-rich tailings and alluvium along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota (Part 1 of 3 parts)","docAbstract":"<p><span>During 100 years prior to 1977, Whitewood Creek, SD, received about 1 billion tons of arsenic-rich and sulfide-mineral rich tailings from gold mining operations. A hydrogeochemical investigation conducted in 1983-84 focused on four local study areas on the flood plain where tailings deposits exist on top of moderately permeable alluvium. Piezometers in the alluvium beneath the tailings commonly show As at concentrations near or above the Primary Drinking Water Limit of 0.05 mg/l. Water supply wells on the flood plain are situated in alluvium in areas away from tailings where As levels in groundwater are below this limit. In these wells, selenium levels are generally above the limit of 0.01 mg/l. Suggested remedial measures and the likely persistence of these contaminants are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Morel, F.M., Rouse, J., Schnoor, J., Wolman, M., and Cherry, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeochemistry of sulfide and arsenic-rich tailings and alluvium along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota (Part 1 of 3 parts): Mineral & Energy Resources, v. 29, no. 4, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Whitwood Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.76449584960936,\n              44.32090063316461\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.63540649414062,\n              44.42936692430193\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.54133605957031,\n              44.5435052132082\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.45756530761719,\n              44.642276976185016\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.5406494140625,\n              44.66474608911831\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.68827819824219,\n              44.492097148347945\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.77548217773438,\n              44.35822392333254\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.77822875976562,\n              44.33416294407879\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.76449584960936,\n              44.32090063316461\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morel, F. M. M.","contributorId":270011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morel","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rouse, J.","contributorId":99398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnoor, J. L.","contributorId":92095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoor","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolman, M. G.","contributorId":39789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolman","given":"M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherry, J. A.","contributorId":24880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}