Increased solubility of quartz and mobilization in contaminated groundwater due to the complexation with dissolved organic acids has been recently proposed [Bennett and Siegel, Nature326, 684–686 (1987)]. Using laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, we have examined mixed solutions of oxalic and silicic acids at near neutral pH in the tenth molar concentration ranges in an attempt to directly observe the proposed organo-silicate complexes.
In both laser Raman and infrared spectra, product bands were observed that indicate an oxalate/silicic acid ester is being formed in the reaction. These data support the observation that organic diacids can lead to enhanced solubility of quartz in hydrogeological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(89)90032-6","usgsCitation":"Marley, N., Bennett, P., Janecky, D., and Gaffney, J., 1989, Spectroscopic evidence for organic diacid complexation with dissolved silica in aqueous systems—I. Oxalic acid: Organic Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 5, p. 525-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(89)90032-6.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"525","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df09e4b05ec79911d1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marley, N.A.","contributorId":189729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marley","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.","contributorId":189730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janecky, D.R.","contributorId":189731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janecky","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaffney, J.S.","contributorId":189732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaffney","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015985,"text":"70015985 - 1989 - Criteria for a sediment data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015985","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Criteria for a sediment data set","docAbstract":"The transport of sediment through a hydrologic system or basin is an extremely complex phenomenon. Many factors affect this movement. Criteria are established for an 'ultimate' or complete sediment data set, and guidelines are given for the collection of alluvial data. The paper describes what parameters need to be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equation. The criteria address only the collection of data for noncohesive sediment.","conferenceTitle":"Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627187","usgsCitation":"Glysson, D.G., 1989, Criteria for a sediment data set, Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 675-680.","startPage":"675","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb1e4b0c8380cd4e3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, Douglas G.","contributorId":25296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015495,"text":"70015495 - 1989 - The Alabama, U.S.A., seismic event and strata collapse of May 7, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015495","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Alabama, U.S.A., seismic event and strata collapse of May 7, 1986","docAbstract":"On May 7, 1986, the residents of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, felt a seismic event of local magnitude 3.6 that occurred at the same time as a rock burst and roof collapse in an active longwall coal mine. Visual inspection of the seismograms reveals a deficiency in energy at frequencies above 20 Hz compared to tectonic earthquakes or surface blasts. The predominance of energy below 5 Hz may explain reports of body wave magnitudes (mb) greater than 4.2. Also, 1.0 Hz surface waves were more strongly excited than body waves and may explain local felt effects more typically associated with greater epicentral distances. All recorded first motions were dilatational. The concentration of stations in the northern hemisphere allows reverse motion on an east-trending near-vertical plane or strike-slip motion on northwest or southeast trending planes. The reverse focal mechanism is preferred, because the area of roof collapse and the area of active longwall mining are located between two east-striking loose vertical fracture zones. The characteristics of the seismic event suggest that it might have been sudden shear failure resulting from accumulated strain energy in overlying strata behind an active longwall. Although an alternate interpretation of the focal mechanism as an implosion or shear failure in the strata above previously mined out areas is also allowed by the first motion data, this alternate intepretation is not supported by geological data. ?? 1989 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874517","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Long, L., and Copeland, C., 1989, The Alabama, U.S.A., seismic event and strata collapse of May 7, 1986: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 129, no. 3-4, p. 415-421, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874517.","startPage":"415","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874517"},{"id":224098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba661e4b08c986b3210c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, L.T.","contributorId":24358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Copeland, C.W.","contributorId":72535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014983,"text":"70014983 - 1989 - Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T12:16:16.133079","indexId":"70014983","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction","docAbstract":"Seismicity is correlated in space and time with production from some oil and gas fields where pore pressures have declined by several tens of megapascals. Reverse faulting has occurred both above and below petroleum reservoirs, and normal faulting has occurred on the flanks of at least one reservoir. The theory of poroelasticity requires that fluid extraction locally alter the state of stress. Calculations with simple geometries predict stress perturbations that are consistent with observed earthquake locations and focal mechanisms. Measurements of surface displacement and strain, pore pressure, stress, and poroelastic rock properties in such areas could be used to test theoretical predictions and improve our understanding of earthquake mechanics.
Surface temperatures, Ts, were estimated for a natural vegetative surface in Owens Valley, California, with infrared thermometric observations collected from an aircraft. The region is quite arid and is composed primarily of bushes (∼30%) and bare soil (∼70%). Application of the bulk transfer equation for the estimation of sensible heat, H, gave unsatisfactory values when compared to Bowen ratio and eddy correlation methods over a particular site. This was attributed to the inability with existing data to properly evaluate the resistance to heat transfer, rah. To obtain appropriate rah-values the added resistance to heat transfer, kB−1, was allowed to vary although there is both theoretical and experimental evidence that kB−1 for vegetative surfaces can be treated as constant. The present data indicate that for partial canopy cover under arid conditions kB−1 may be a function of Ts measured radiometrically. The equation determining kB−1 was simplified and tested over another arid site with good results; however, this had a limited data set (i.e., 6 data points). The dimensionless kB−1 equation is simplified for use over full canopy cover and is shown to give satisfactory estimates of H over a fully-grown wheat crop.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(89)90017-8","usgsCitation":"Kustas, W.P., Choudhury, B.J., Moran, M.S., Reginato, R.J., Jackson, R.D., Gay, L.W., and Weaver, H.L., 1989, Determination of sensible heat flux over sparse canopy using thermal infrared data: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 197-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(89)90017-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc6e4b0c8380cd4f3b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kustas, William P.","contributorId":29962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kustas","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choudhury, B. J.","contributorId":26078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, M. S.","contributorId":91630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reginato, R. J.","contributorId":20082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reginato","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, R. D.","contributorId":30758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gay, L. W.","contributorId":53526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gay","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weaver, H. L.","contributorId":58679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70015599,"text":"70015599 - 1989 - Basin-scale relations via conditioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015599","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3479,"text":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin-scale relations via conditioning","docAbstract":"A rainfall-runoff model is used in conjunction with a probabilistic description of the input to this model to obtain simple regression-like relations for basin runoff in terms of basin and storm characteristics. These relations, similar to those sought in regionalization studies, are computed by evaluating the conditional distribution of model output given basin and storm characteristics. This method of conditioning provides a general way of examining model sensitivity to various components of model input. The resulting relations may be expected to resemble corresponding relations obtained by regionalization using actual runoff to the extent that the rainfall-runoff model and the model input specification are physically realistic. The probabilistic description of model input is an extension of so-called \"random-model\" of channel networks and involves postulating an ensemble of basins and associated probability distributions that mimic the variability of basin characteristics seen in nature. Application is made to small basins in the State of Wyoming. Parameters of the input variable distribution are estimated using data from Wyoming, and basin-scale relations are estimated both, parametrically and nonparametrically using model-generated runoff from simulated basins. Resulting basin-scale relations involving annual flood quantiles are in reasonable agreement with those presented in a previous regionalization study, but error estimates are smaller than those in the previous study, an artifact of the simplicity of the rainfall-runoff model used in this paper. We also obtain relations for peak of the instantaneous unit hydrograph which agree fairly well with theoretical relations given in the literature. Finally, we explore the issues of sensitivity of basin-scale, relations and error estimates to parameterization of the model input probability distribution and of how this sensitivity is related to making inferences about a particular ungaged basin. ?? 1989 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01544076","issn":"09311955","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., Karlinger, M., and Guertin, D., 1989, Basin-scale relations via conditioning: Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 111-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544076.","startPage":"111","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544076"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eff0e4b0c8380cd4a519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guertin, D.P.","contributorId":36264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003853,"text":"1003853 - 1989 - Sightability adjustment methods for aerial surveys of wildlife populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:38:57.41841","indexId":"1003853","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sightability adjustment methods for aerial surveys of wildlife populations","docAbstract":"Aerial surveys are routinely conducted to estimate the abundance of wildlife species and the rate of population change. However, sightability of animal groups is acknowledged as a significant source of bias in these estimates. Recent research has focused on the development of sightability models to predict the probability of sighting groups under various conditions. Given such models, we show how sightability can be incorporated into the estimator of population size as a probability of response using standard results from sample surveys. We develop formulas for the cases where the sighting probability must be estimated. An example, using data from a helicopter survey of moose in Alberta (Jacobson, Alberta Oil Sands Research Project Report, 1976), is given to illustrate the technique.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2531486","usgsCitation":"Steinhorst, R., and Samuel, M., 1989, Sightability adjustment methods for aerial surveys of wildlife populations: Biometrics, v. 45, no. 2, p. 415-425, https://doi.org/10.2307/2531486.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60688c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinhorst, R.K.","contributorId":89833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhorst","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014984,"text":"70014984 - 1989 - Geographic information system/watershed model interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70014984","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geographic information system/watershed model interface","docAbstract":"Geographic information systems allow for the interactive analysis of spatial data related to water-resources investigations. A conceptual design for an interface between a geographic information system and a watershed model includes functions for the estimation of model parameter values. Design criteria include ease of use, minimal equipment requirements, a generic data-base management system, and use of a macro language. An application is demonstrated for a 90.1-square-kilometer subbasin of the Patuxent River near Unity, Maryland, that performs automated derivation of watershed parameters for hydrologic modeling.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Fisher, G.T., 1989, Geographic information system/watershed model interface, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 851-856.","startPage":"851","endPage":"856","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a176de4b0c8380cd554d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Gary T. gtfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015013,"text":"70015013 - 1989 - 100 years of sedimentation study by the USGS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70015013","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"100 years of sedimentation study by the USGS","docAbstract":"On January 15, 1889, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting sediment data on the Rio Grande at Embudo, New Mexico. During the past 100 years the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD) has collected daily sediment data at more than 1,200 sites. Projects have addressed the problems associated with reservoir construction, agricultural irrigation projects, energy production, and transport and deposition of pollutants sorbed to sediments. The Survey has been active as a charter member of the Federal Interagency Sediment Project and currently has three full-time hydrologists working on the project. The WRD's sediment-research projects have covered a wide variety of subjects from the fundamental theories of resistance to flow and sediment transport in alluvial channels to lunar erosion mechanisms.","conferenceTitle":"Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627187","usgsCitation":"Glysson, G.D., 1989, 100 years of sedimentation study by the USGS, Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 260-265.","startPage":"260","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e221e4b0c8380cd4599f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015361,"text":"70015361 - 1989 - Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015361","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam","docAbstract":"A relation for rapidly predicting the peak outflow rate from a breached embankment dam has been presented. The prediction equation is based on reliable data from 19 embankment dam failures and requires as input the volume of water in the reservoir at the time a breach begins to form, and the estimated height of the final breach. Peak outflow predicted by the equation can be used with simplified flood routing procedures to determine peak flows at locations downstream of a dam. Use of the prediction equation will improve the accuracy of rapid assessments of damage that would be caused by the flood resulting from an embankment dam failure.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Froehlich, D.C., 1989, Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 136-141.","startPage":"136","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7610e4b0c8380cd77ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015491,"text":"70015491 - 1989 - Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015491","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program","docAbstract":"The main objective in seismic instrumentation of structures is to facilitate response studies that lead to improved understanding of the dynamic behavior and the potential for damage to structures under seismic loading. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to review the status of the programs for strong-motion instrumentation of structures in the United States and discuss various procedures and instrumentation schemes designed to best acquire response data from buildings and (2) to discuss preliminary results derived from recorded response data obtained from a well-instrumented structure during the recent Whittier Narrows earthquake of October 1, 1987 (M3 = 5.6).","conferenceTitle":"Seismic Engineering: Research and Practice","conferenceDate":"1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627012","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Safak, E., and Maley, R., 1989, Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program, Seismic Engineering: Research and Practice, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989, p. 247-256.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92e5e4b08c986b31a18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maley, R.","contributorId":87929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015011,"text":"70015011 - 1989 - Estimating urban flood-frequency characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70015011","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating urban flood-frequency characteristics","docAbstract":"Methods in use by the U.S. Geological Survey to estimate flood-frequency characteristics for urban watersheds are compared with estimates based on the Soil Conservation Service TR-55 model. Data from four small urban watersheds in Georgia are used in the flood-peak and hydrograph comparisons.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., Atkins, J., and Inman, E.J., 1989, Estimating urban flood-frequency characteristics, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 516-521.","startPage":"516","endPage":"521","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6be4b0c8380cd526fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.E.","contributorId":76775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkins, J.B.","contributorId":63842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Inman, E. J.","contributorId":44193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015489,"text":"70015489 - 1989 - Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015489","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity","docAbstract":"During 11 sequences of earthquakes that in retrospect can be classed as foreshocks, the accelerating rate at which seismic moment is released follows, at least in part, a simple equation. This equation (1) is {Mathematical expression},where {Mathematical expression} is the cumulative sum until time, t, of the square roots of seismic moments of individual foreshocks computed from reported magnitudes;C and n are constants; and tfis a limiting time at which the rate of seismic moment accumulation becomes infinite. The possible time of a major foreshock or main shock, tf,is found by the best fit of equation (1), or its integral, to step-like plots of {Mathematical expression} versus time using successive estimates of tfin linearized regressions until the maximum coefficient of determination, r2,is obtained. Analyzed examples include sequences preceding earthquakes at Cremasta, Greece, 2/5/66; Haicheng, China 2/4/75; Oaxaca, Mexico, 11/29/78; Petatlan, Mexico, 3/14/79; and Central Chile, 3/3/85. In 29 estimates of main-shock time, made as the sequences developed, the errors in 20 were less than one-half and in 9 less than one tenth the time remaining between the time of the last data used and the main shock. Some precursory sequences, or parts of them, yield no solution. Two sequences appear to include in their first parts the aftershocks of a previous event; plots using the integral of equation (1) show that the sequences are easily separable into aftershock and foreshock segments. Synthetic seismic sequences of shocks at equal time intervals were constructed to follow equation (1), using four values of n. In each series the resulting distributions of magnitudes closely follow the linear Gutenberg-Richter relation log N=a-bM, and the product n times b for each series is the same constant. In various forms and for decades, equation (1) has been used successfully to predict failure times of stressed metals and ceramics, landslides in soil and rock slopes, and volcanic eruptions. Results of more recent experiments and theoretical studies on crack propagation, fault mechanics, and acoustic emission can be closely reproduced by equation (1). Rate-process theory and continuum damage mechanics offer leads toward understanding the physical processes. ?? 1989 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00881603","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Varnes, D.J., 1989, Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 130, no. 4, p. 661-686, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00881603.","startPage":"661","endPage":"686","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881603"},{"id":224040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b4e4b0c8380cd7b6a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varnes, D. J.","contributorId":85201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015394,"text":"70015394 - 1989 - Response of selected binomial coefficients to varying degrees of matrix sparseness and to matrices with known data interrelationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015394","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of selected binomial coefficients to varying degrees of matrix sparseness and to matrices with known data interrelationships","docAbstract":"Numerous departures from ideal relationships are revealed by Monte Carlo simulations of widely accepted binomial coefficients. For example, simulations incorporating varying levels of matrix sparseness (presence of zeros indicating lack of data) and computation of expected values reveal that not only are all common coefficients influenced by zero data, but also that some coefficients do not discriminate between sparse or dense matrices (few zero data). Such coefficients computationally merge mutually shared and mutually absent information and do not exploit all the information incorporated within the standard 2 ?? 2 contingency table; therefore, the commonly used formulae for such coefficients are more complicated than the actual range of values produced. Other coefficients do differentiate between mutual presences and absences; however, a number of these coefficients do not demonstrate a linear relationship to matrix sparseness. Finally, simulations using nonrandom matrices with known degrees of row-by-row similarities signify that several coefficients either do not display a reasonable range of values or are nonlinear with respect to known relationships within the data. Analyses with nonrandom matrices yield clues as to the utility of certain coefficients for specific applications. For example, coefficients such as Jaccard, Dice, and Baroni-Urbani and Buser are useful if correction of sparseness is desired, whereas the Russell-Rao coefficient is useful when sparseness correction is not desired. ?? 1989 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00893319","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Archer, A., and Maples, C., 1989, Response of selected binomial coefficients to varying degrees of matrix sparseness and to matrices with known data interrelationships: Mathematical Geology, v. 21, no. 7, p. 741-753, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00893319.","startPage":"741","endPage":"753","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00893319"},{"id":224090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa68e4b0c8380cd862f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archer, A.W.","contributorId":8620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archer","given":"A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maples, C.G.","contributorId":7425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maples","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015460,"text":"70015460 - 1989 - Water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:25:51","indexId":"70015460","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site","docAbstract":"The water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois was studied from July 1982 through June 1984. Continuous data collection allowed estimates to be made for each component of the water-balance equation independent of other components. The average annual precipitation was 948 millimeters. Average annual evapotranspiration was estimated at 637 millimeters, runoff was 160 millimeters, change in water storage in a waste-trench cover was 24 millimeters, and deep percolation was 208 millimeters. The magnitude of the difference between precipitation and all other components (81 millimeters per year) indicates that, in a similar environment, the water-budget method would be useful in estimating evapotranspiration, but questionable for estimation of other components. Precipitation depth and temporal distribution had a very strong effect on all other components of the water-balance equation. Due to the variability of precipitation from year to year, it appears that two years of data are inadequate for characterization of the long-term average water balance at the site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03075.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., Gray, J.R., De Vries, G.M., and Mills, P., 1989, Water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 2, p. 381-390, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03075.x.","startPage":"381","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267749,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03075.x"},{"id":224422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7c1e4b08c986b32c5ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Vries, G. M.","contributorId":65612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Vries","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, P. C.","contributorId":69117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015379,"text":"70015379 - 1989 - Local scour at bridge abutments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015379","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Local scour at bridge abutments","docAbstract":"Comparison of local scour depths at bridge abutments computed using different equations yields a large variation in predicted values. To consolidate the fragmented results of previous investigations and assemble the most comprehensive data set possible, reported laboratory measurements of local scour at the end of an obstruction protruding from the side of an open channel of rectangular cross section were compiled from several sources. Regression analysis of these data was used to develop an equation that predicts maximum relative depth of local scour at bridge abutments for both clear-water and live-bed scour conditions.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Froehlich, D.C., 1989, Local scour at bridge abutments, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 13-18.","startPage":"13","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e3e4b0c8380cd681d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015438,"text":"70015438 - 1989 - Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:52:59.783421","indexId":"70015438","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic P waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip amplitude are compared with nonlinear parametrizations for both slip amplitude and rupture time. Inversions using both synthetic and empirical Green's functions are considered. In general, accurate Green's functions are more readily calculable for the teleseismic problem where simple ray theory and flat-layered velocity structures are usually sufficient. However, uncertainties in the variation in t* with frequency most limit the resolution of teleseismic inversions. A set of empirical Green's functions that are well recorded at teleseismic distances could avoid the uncertainties in attenuation. In the inversion of strong motion data, the accurate calculation of propagation path effects other than attenuation effects is the limiting factor in the resolution of source parameters. The assumption of a laterally homogeneous velocity structure is usually not a good one, and the use of empirical Green's functions is desirable. Considering the parametrization of the problem, any degree of fault rupture complexity can be described in terms of a linear parametrization for slip amplitudes. However, a nonlinear parametrization for rupture times and slip amplitudes can have a distinct advantage over a simple linear one by limiting the number of unknown parameters. Regardless of the choice of data or the type of parametrization, the model or solution will be affected by the choice of minimization norm and the type of stabilization used.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB06p07515","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., 1989, Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B6, p. 7515-7534, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB06p07515.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7515","endPage":"7534","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f88be4b0c8380cd4d193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015391,"text":"70015391 - 1989 - Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015391","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3412,"text":"Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geothermal gradients as interpreted from a series of high-resolution stabilized well-bore-temperature surveys from 46 North Slope, Alaska, wells vary laterally and vertically throughout the near-surface sediment (0-2,000 m). The data from these surveys have been used in conjunction with depths of ice-bearing permafrost, as interpreted from 102 well logs, to project geothermal gradients within and below the ice-bearing permafrost sequence. The geothermal gradients calculated from the projected temperature profiles are similar to the geothermal gradients measured in the temperature surveys. Measured and projected geothermal gradients in the ice-bearing permafrost sequence range from 1.5??C/100m in the Prudhoe Bay area to 5.1??C/100m in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Bird, K.J., and Magoon, L.B., 1989, Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the North Slope, Alaska: Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d90e4b08c986b31d903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014939,"text":"70014939 - 1989 - Shaded relief map of US topography from digital elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:29:31.581879","indexId":"70014939","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shaded relief map of US topography from digital elevations","docAbstract":"Much geologic and geophysical information that lies encoded within land surface form can be revealed by image processing large files of digitized elevations in fast machines and mapping the results. This convergence of computers, analytic software, data, and output devices has created exciting opportunities for automating the numerical and spatial study of topography. One recent result is the accompanying shaded relief map of the conterminous 48 states.
A shaded relief image of topography mimics a cloud-free monochrome aerial photograph taken at low Sun. Gray tones represent different terrain slopes and azimuths calculated from adjacent elevations stored in a uniform grid, or digital elevation model (DEM). Sun elevation and direction can be varied to generate complementary views of the same area. The synoptic coverage of these computer images is a major advantage; unlike a photograph, image extent is limited only by size of the elevation array. Shaded relief maps also are free of the distortion found in radar images and of the vegetation and cultural features that mask topographic form on Landsat and SPOT images.
I used northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected from August through March 1979-82 in the Sacramento Valley, California to derive equations to predict ether-extracted carcass fat, carcass protein, and skeletal lean dry weight. Ether-extracted carcass fat was best predicted by total fat depot weight (wet skin, abdominal fat, and intestinal fat) (r2 = 0.94) and estimates based on carcass water content (r2 = 0.93-0.98). Measured carcass protein was best predicted by a multiple regression including total protein depot weight (breast muscles, leg muscles, and gizzard) and tarsus length (R2 = 0.79). I predicted skeletal lean dry weight by a multiple regression incorporating culmen, tarsus, and wing length (R2 = 0.77). Predicted carcass fat agreed well with measured carcass fat in an independent data set of 30 pintails using total fat depot (r2 = 0.92-0.96) and carcass water (r2 = 0.97-0.99), but predicted carcass protein agreed less well with measured protein.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801318","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1989, Estimating carcass fat and protein in northern pintails during the nonbreeding season: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 123-129, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801318.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.92010720240859,\n 39.368415331346114\n ],\n [\n -121.92010720240859,\n 38.453726657480416\n ],\n [\n -120.9862693117838,\n 38.453726657480416\n ],\n [\n -120.9862693117838,\n 39.368415331346114\n ],\n [\n -121.92010720240859,\n 39.368415331346114\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015502,"text":"70015502 - 1989 - Late Cenozoic sea-level changes and the onset of glaciation: impact on continental slope progradation off eastern Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:26:51","indexId":"70015502","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic sea-level changes and the onset of glaciation: impact on continental slope progradation off eastern Canada","docAbstract":"Late Cenozoic sedimentation from four varied sites on the continental slopes off southeastern Canada has been analysed using high-resolution airgun multichannel seismic profiles, supplemented with some single channel data. Biostratigraphic ties are available to exploratory wells at three of the sites. Uniform, slow accumulation of hemipelagic sediments was locally terminated by the late Miocene sea-level lowering, which is also reflected in changes in foraminiferan faunas on the continental shelf. Data are very limited for the early Pliocene but suggest a return to slow hemipelagic sedimentation. At the beginning of the late Pliocene, there was a change in sedimentation style marked by a several-fold increase in accumulation rates and cutting of slope valleys. This late Pliocene cutting of slope valleys corresponds to the onset of late Cenozoic growth of the Laurentian Fan and the initiation of turbidite sedimentation on the Sohm Abyssal Plain. Although it corresponds to a time of sea-level lowering, the contrast with the late Miocene lowstand indicates that there must also have been a change in sediment delivery to the coastline, perhaps as a result of increased rainfall or development of valley glaciers. High sedimentation rates continued into the early Pleistocene, but the extent of slope dissection by gullies increased. Gully-cutting episodes alternated with sediment-draping episodes. Throughout the southeastern Canadian continental margin, there was a change in sedimentation style in the middle Pleistocene that resulted from extensive ice sheets crossing the continental shelf and delivering coarse sediment directly to the continental slope. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(89)90030-5","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., and Normark, W.R., 1989, Late Cenozoic sea-level changes and the onset of glaciation: impact on continental slope progradation off eastern Canada: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 336-347, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(89)90030-5.","startPage":"336","endPage":"347","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268649,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(89)90030-5"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c9e4b0c8380cd66da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015362,"text":"70015362 - 1989 - Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in vitrinite concentrates from a rank series from the eastern United States, England, and Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T01:06:18.685502","indexId":"70015362","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in vitrinite concentrates from a rank series from the eastern United States, England, and Australia","docAbstract":"A rank series consisting of twelve vitrinite concentrates and companion whole-coal samples from mined coal beds in the eastern United States, England, and Australia were analyzed for C, H, N, O, ash, and 47 trace and minor elements by standard elemental, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and direct-current-arc spectrographic (DCAS) techniques. The reflectance of vitrinite, atomic H:C and O:C, and ash-free carbon data were used to determine ranks that range from high-volatile C bituminous coal to meta-anthracite. A van Krevelen (atomic H:C vs. O:C) diagram of the vitrinite concentrates shows a smooth curve having its lowest point at H:C = 0.18 and O:C = 0.01. This improves the van Krevelen diagram by the addition of our vitrinite concentrate from meta-anthracite from the Narragansett basin of New England.
Boron content (400–450 ppm) in two Illinois basin vitrinite concentrates was about an order of magnitude higher than B contents in other concentrates analyzed. We attribute this to marine origin or hydrothermal activity. The alkaline-earth elements Ca, Mg and Ba (DCAS) have higher concentrations in our vitrinite concentrates from bituminous coals of the Appalachian basin, than they do in vitrinite concentrates from the marine-roofed bituminous coals of the Illinois basin; therefore, a nonmarine origin for these alkaline-earth elements is postulated for the Appalachian basin coals. An ion-exchange mechanism due to high concentrations of these elements as ions in diagenetic water, but probably not recent ground water, may be responsible for the relatively high values of these elements in Appalachian concentrates. Higher concentrations of Ni and Cr in one of the English vitrinite concentrates and of Zr in the Australian concentrate probably indicate organic association and detrital influence, respectively.