This chapter focuses on the physic-chemical processes affecting copper, zinc, and tin toxicity to algae. Both Cu and Zn are essential algal micronutrients, cofactors in numerous biochemical processes. The availability of a nutrient or toxic substance can be significantly affected by precipitation. Methods for modeling the effects of adsorption–desorption reactions have been previously reviewed. Useful predictions of algal response require an understanding of the relative importance of these interactions (both magnitude and time dependence). Photoreduction and dissolution of Mn oxides by dissolved humic substances has been proposed as an important factor regulating dissolved Mn distribution in seawater. Photodegradation of iron (Fe) chelates also enhances Fe uptake by algae. Anderson et al.observed that Fe uptake by Thalassiosira weissflogii in a chemically defined medium dominated by FeEDTA complexation doubled in the presence of light.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in environmental science","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-1116(08)72175-7","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., 1986, Physio-chemical processes affecting copper, tin and zinc toxicity to algae: A review, chap. 9 of Studies in environmental science, p. 129-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-1116(08)72175-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207430,"text":"70207430 - 1986 - Geochronology of augen gneiss and related rocks, Yukon-Tanana terrane, east-central Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:28:14","indexId":"70207430","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T10:26:18","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronology of augen gneiss and related rocks, Yukon-Tanana terrane, east-central Alaska ","docAbstract":"Using several isotopic techniques, we have determined the ages of selected metamorphic rocks in the Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT) of east-central Alaska. U-Pb zircon data from an augen gneiss body in the Big Delta quadrangle indicate that the granitoid protolith of the gneiss was intruded 341 ± 3 m.y. ago (lower intercept age). An upper intercept age of 2,136 ± 31 m.y. indicates an inherited early Proterozoic component in these zircons. This inheritance age is substantiated by a Sm-Nd whole-rock model age of 2.09 ± 0.08 b.y. from the Big Delta augen gneiss body. Detrital zircons from quartzitic wall rocks to this body were also derived from an early Proterozoic (∼2.1 to 2.3 b.y. old) crustal source(s). Zircons from three other augen gneisses occurring in an east-west belt which extends into the southern Yukon Territory, Canada, have similar Mississippian and early Proterozoic intercept ages. A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron from widely separated bodies of augen gneiss has an age of 333 ± 26 m.y. and an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.728 ± 0.002, confirming the Mississippian intrusive age for the protolith. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio further indicates an old crustal component in these rocks. A Rb-Sr mineral isochron (115 ± 4 m.y.), K-Ar data from hornblende and micas (128 to 107 m.y.), and U-Pb data from sphene (134. m.y.) from augen gneiss and related rocks are similar to many K-Ar ages in this region and confirm the occurrence of an early Cretaceous thermal event. U-Pb ages of zircons from three metavolcanic units in the YTT suggest that extrusion of the protoliths of these rocks occurred 360–380 m.y. ago. Scatter in the data is caused by ubiquitous inheritance and multiple lead-loss events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<626:GOAGAR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Dusel-Bacon, C., and Foster, H.L., 1986, Geochronology of augen gneiss and related rocks, Yukon-Tanana terrane, east-central Alaska : Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 5, p. 626-637, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<626:GOAGAR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"637","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Helen L.","contributorId":56195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121365,"text":"70121365 - 1986 - Evaluating the structure of habitat for wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T10:25:30","indexId":"70121365","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T10:24:31","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluating the structure of habitat for wildlife","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Short, H., and Williamson, S., 1986, Evaluating the structure of habitat for wildlife, chap. of Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, p. 97-107.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707d8e4b05ec1f2431bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, H.L.","contributorId":59147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, S.C.","contributorId":38903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121358,"text":"70121358 - 1986 - Concepts and constraints of habitat model testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T09:51:20","indexId":"70121358","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T09:50:23","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Concepts and constraints of habitat model testing","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Schamberger, M., and O'Neil, J., 1986, Concepts and constraints of habitat model testing, chap. of Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, p. 5-10.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707d6e4b05ec1f2431b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamberger, M.","contributorId":41348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamberger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Neil, J.","contributorId":98232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Neil","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202815,"text":"70202815 - 1986 - Larval settlement into marine soft-sediment systems: Interactions with the meiofauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T09:41:02","indexId":"70202815","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T09:40:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval settlement into marine soft-sediment systems: Interactions with the meiofauna","docAbstract":"The distribution and abundance of organisms exhibiting complex life cycles, like marine invertebrates, reflect ecological processes operating at all stages in the life history. Few studies have yet considered the mortality patterns of larvae and juveniles. To test whether the permanent meiofauna play a role in macrofaunal larval site-selection, and/or if permanent meiofaunal predators or competitors and disturbers are a significant source of mortality for newly settled macrofaunal juveniles, a series of manipulations of meiofauna were performed. Densities of (1) predatory turbellarians alone, and (2) other meiofauna, were increased in small boxes placed on a holding table in a shallow subtidal habitat. Natural settlement into meiofauna manipulations was examined approximately monthly for a year. Other experiments were conducted to examine the relative importance of site-selection and post-settlement mortality and to determine if settlement was density-dependent or density-independent.
Densities of spionid, cirratulid, terebellid, capitellid, and maldanid polychaetes, oligochaetes, bivalves, and amphipods were all reduced by high densities of turbellarians, and sometimes by other meiofauna. Turbellarian predation was responsible for significant post-settlement mortality, but spionids, cirratulids, terebellids, and maldanids also appeared to avoid dense turbellarian treatments. Bivalve densities were reduced by high densities of other meiofauna, probably due to their sedimentary disturbance. Syllid polychaete densities were higher in turbellarian treatments, suggesting that they select for areas with high densities of their prey (small turbellarians). The effects of meiofauna on settlement and survival were greatest in spring and summer. The results of these experiments suggest larval settlement patterns and early juvenile survival should be considered in developing general models of life history and community structure for soft-sediment systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-0981(86)90076-6","usgsCitation":"Watzin, M.C., 1986, Larval settlement into marine soft-sediment systems: Interactions with the meiofauna: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 98, no. 1-2, p. 65-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90076-6.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"113","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watzin, Mary C.","contributorId":214534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watzin","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197163,"text":"70197163 - 1986 - Geophysics: A reversal of geomagnetic polarity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T14:16:21","indexId":"70197163","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5692,"text":"Physics Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysics: A reversal of geomagnetic polarity","docAbstract":"The detailed behaviour of the geomagnetic field during reversals is documented by palaeomagnetists to constrain models of the geomagnetic dynamo. Reversals are studied by measuring the magnetic remanence preserved in rocks to obtain both the direction and intensity of the ancient magnetic field.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/0031-9112/37/7/018","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., 1986, Geophysics: A reversal of geomagnetic polarity: Physics Bulletin, v. 37, no. 7, p. 287-288, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/37/7/018.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"288","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70196010,"text":"70196010 - 1986 - An overview of rates of chemical weathering","indexId":"70196010","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"An overview of rates of chemical weathering"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","indexId":"70196011","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70196013,"text":"70196013 - 1986 - Levels of time information in weathering measurements, with examples from weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in the Western United States","indexId":"70196013","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"15","title":"Levels of time information in weathering measurements, with examples from weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in the Western United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","indexId":"70196011","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T14:28:18","indexId":"70196011","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","docAbstract":"Researchers in geomorphology, geochemistry, quaternary geology, soil science, and mineralogy will welcome this volume, the first to focus exclusively on rates of silicate chemical weathering. Consisting largely of previously unpublished data from six countries, the volume examines the latest experimental, modelling, and field results.
New information is presented on topics of current research interest, including inferences about chemical mechanisms at the level of mineral surfaces, and data relating weathering rates to landscape evolution over millions of years. The volume integrates the variety of approaches used by diverse subdisciplines in the assessment of weathering rates, and provides up-to-date references.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","isbn":"9780121814908","usgsCitation":"1986, Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals, 603 p.","productDescription":"603 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/rates-of-chemical-weathering-of-rocks-and-minerals/colman/978-0-08-091737-5"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9b7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M.","contributorId":6439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730906,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197501,"text":"70197501 - 1986 - Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:52:10","indexId":"70197501","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"The Clarno Formation, a mostly Eocene and partly early Oligocene sequence of andesitic lavas and volcaniclastic rocks, is the oldest Tertiary formation exposed in north central Oregon. Remanent magnetization directions at 46 sites in the lavas provide a paleomagnetic pole at 84°N, 278°E with a 95% confidence cone of 7°. Comparison of this pole with the North American reference pole for Eocene time indicates that the Clarno Formation has rotated 16° clockwise with an uncertainty of 10° but has undergone no significant latitudinal displacement. Further comparison with paleomagnetic data from the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group and Steens Basalt shows that large‐scale block rotations in the eastern Columbia Embayment ceased sometime between 38 m.y. and 15 m.y. A paleogeographic reconstruction for 38 m.y. is offered which is consistent with the observed rotation of the Clarno and with the other paleomagnetic data from the Pacific Northwest, which are briefly reviewed. This reconstruction shows that it is possible to account for virtually all of the paleomagnetically indicated rotations in pre‐Miocene Tertiary rocks of the Pacific Northwest by an extensional tectonic model. As a consequence, only part of the rotations in the pre‐Tertiary rocks of the eastern Columbia Embayment need to be the result of accretionary tectonics. The initiation of magmatism in the eastern Columbia Embayment that is represented by the Clarno Formation itself may have been contemporaneous with the beginning of crustal extension in the Pacific Northwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB14p14089","usgsCitation":"Gromme, C.S., Beck, M.E., Wells, R., and Engebretson, D.C., 1986, Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B14, p. 14089-14103, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB14p14089.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"14089","endPage":"14103","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Myrl E. Jr.","contributorId":60700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Myrl","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engebretson, David C.","contributorId":205487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engebretson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014525,"text":"70014525 - 1986 - Precambrian basement geology of North and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T18:24:46.222553","indexId":"70014525","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precambrian basement geology of North and South Dakota","docAbstract":"Combined analysis of drill-hole, gravity, and magnetic data indicates that the buried Precambrian basement rocks of the Dakotas can be divided into several lithotectonic terranes. Eastern North Dakota and northeastern South Dakota are underlain by Archean gneiss. Except for the Black Hills region of South Dakota, where Archean rocks are also exposed, the western third of both Dakotas is underlain mainly by Early Proterozoic gneiss and metasedimentary rocks. Part of this region is underlain by Archean crust with an Early Proterozoic tectonic overprint. A broad transition zone of strongly overprinted Archean crust occurs between the Proterozoic rocks to the west and the Archean rocks to the east. South central South Dakota is underlain by an Early Proterozoic batholith. Early Proterozoic felsic volcanic rocks occur in southeast South Dakota. The bootheel portion of South Dakota contains a diverse assemblage of basement rocks that are partly Archean in age.Churchill Province rocks of the Trans-Hudson foldbelt project into the western Dakotas. The Thompson nickel belt and the Pickwitonei gneiss belt correlate with the western and eastern halves, respectively, of the transition between Archean and Proterozoic crust, and the Archean Glennie – Hanson Lake microcontinent of the Churchill Province likely extends into western North Dakota. Archean rocks of Minnesota extend into the eastern Dakotas, and the Wyoming craton extends to the Black Hills region. The Cheyenne foldbelt projects into southwest South Dakota. The Penokean foldbelt of Michigan and Wisconsin does not extend into the Dakotas, but it most likely extends into northwest Iowa.Tectonic evolution of the Early Proterozoic terrane in the Dakotas was most likely similar to plate tectonic models for the evolution of the Trans-Hudson foldbelt in the Churchill Province. As in the Churchill Province, the western Dakotas are underlain by Early Proterozoic rocks, but it is not known whether these rocks formed as a result of rifting and subsequent closure of a once extensive Archean crust or as a result of collision of once widely separated blocks of Archean crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e86-109","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Klasner, J.S., and King, E.R., 1986, Precambrian basement geology of North and South Dakota: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1083-1102, https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-109.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1083","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80eee4b0c8380cd7b2b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klasner, J. S.","contributorId":66228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, E. R.","contributorId":93482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014507,"text":"70014507 - 1986 - Fluid inclusion from drill hole DW-5, Hohi geothermal area, Japan: Evidence of boiling and procedure for estimating CO2 content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014507","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion from drill hole DW-5, Hohi geothermal area, Japan: Evidence of boiling and procedure for estimating CO2 content","docAbstract":"Fluid inclusion studies have been used to derive a model for fluid evolution in the Hohi geothermal area, Japan. Six types of fluid inclusions are found in quartz obtained from the drill core of DW-5 hole. They are: (I) primary liquid-rich with evidence of boiling; (II) primary liquid-rich without evidence of boiling; (III) primary vapor-rich (assumed to have been formed by boiling); (IV) secondary liquid-rich with evidence of boiling; (V) secondary liquid-rich without evidence of boiling; (VI) secondary vapor-rich (assumed to have been formed by boiling). Homogenization temperatures (Th) range between 196 and 347??C and the final melting point of ice (Tm) between -0.2 and -4.3??C. The CO2 content was estimated semiquantitatively to be between 0 and 0.39 wt. % based on the bubble behavior on crushing. NaCl equivalent solid solute salinity of fluid inclusions was determined as being between 0 and 6.8 wt. % after minor correction for CO2 content. Fluid inclusions in quartz provide a record of geothermal activity of early boiling and later cooling. The CO2 contents and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions with evidence of boiling generally increase with depth; these changes, and NaCl equivalent solid solute salinity of the fluid can be explained by an adiabatic boiling model for a CO2-bearing low-salinity fluid. Some high-salinity inclusions without CO2 are presumed to have formed by a local boiling process due to a temperature increase or a pressure decrease. The liquid-rich primary and secondary inclusions without evidence of boiling formed during the cooling process. The salinity and CO2 content of these inclusions are lower than those in the boiling fluid at the early stage, probably as a result of admixture with groundwater. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sasada, M., Roedder, E., and Belkin, H., 1986, Fluid inclusion from drill hole DW-5, Hohi geothermal area, Japan: Evidence of boiling and procedure for estimating CO2 content: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 231-251.","startPage":"231","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1271e4b0c8380cd542dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sasada, M.","contributorId":76891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasada","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014505,"text":"70014505 - 1986 - Upper Pleistocene and Holocene lakes in the An Nafud, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014505","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Pleistocene and Holocene lakes in the An Nafud, Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Two major lake periods were discovered in the sand sea of An Nafud and the surrounding areas. In Upper Pleistocene large lakes occurred around the dune area and in the interior of the sand sea. Their deposits were formed between 34 000 and 24 000 BP. The lakes were not conformous to the present dune relief. They had an extension of several km2 and a depth of ca. 10 m. Holocene lakes (8 400-5 400 BP) were of minor extension and restricted to the interdune depressions. Lake sediments consist of cemented sand, calcareous crusts and diatomites. Upper Pleistocene lakes were fresh water lakes, the Halocene lakes were mostly swamps depending on rising and falling aquifers in the dunes. Plant remains as pollen and macro rests show that the environmental changes didn't exceed the system of semidesert comparable to the modern plant cover. However, the Upper Pleistocene lake deposits contain some more soudanian elements as the Holocene sediments in the pollen spectra. Climatically the lake formations are interpreted as depending on a stronger influence of the mediterranean cyclones or an interaction of them with monsoonal air masses. ?? 1986 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00026660","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Schulz, E., and Whitney, J., 1986, Upper Pleistocene and Holocene lakes in the An Nafud, Saudi Arabia: Hydrobiologia, v. 143, no. 1, p. 175-190, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026660.","startPage":"175","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026660"},{"id":225517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd48e4b08c986b328f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, E.","contributorId":87549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015166,"text":"70015166 - 1986 - U-Pb geochronology of two augen gneiss terranes, Idaho: New data and tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T18:54:03.805905","indexId":"70015166","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb geochronology of two augen gneiss terranes, Idaho: New data and tectonic implications","docAbstract":"U–Pb isotopic analyses of cogenetic zircon suites revise the ages of two augen gneiss terranes in central and northern Idaho. The augen gneiss of Priest River yields an upper-intercept concordia age for only moderately discordant zircons of 1576 ± 13 Ma; there is no evidence of an inherited xenocrystic lead component. Because this unit probably is in basement beneath Belt–Purcell strata, it provides a maximum age for Belt and Purcell sedimentation. However, high-grade metamorphism and structural complexity permit several tectonic interpretations, all of which should be treated with caution pending further detailed studies.Zircons from the augen gneiss of Red River contain inherited radiogenic lead, but by analogy with lithologically and isotopically similar augen gneiss and porphyritic granite near Salmon and Shoup, Idaho, an age of about 1370 Ma is suggested. However, the uncertainty associated with this value is unknown and could be large. Intrusion preceded or was synkinematic with at least part of the deformation and metamorphism that affected the metasedimentary host rocks, thought by some to be Belt–Purcell strata.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e86-179","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Evans, K.V., and Fischer, L.B., 1986, U-Pb geochronology of two augen gneiss terranes, Idaho: New data and tectonic implications: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 12, p. 1919-1927, https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-179.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1919","endPage":"1927","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Priest River, Red River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.68297100653452,\n 45.477378892433194\n ],\n [\n -114.68297100653452,\n 45.95447225842082\n ],\n [\n -115.62252115882157,\n 45.95447225842082\n ],\n [\n -115.62252115882157,\n 45.477378892433194\n ],\n [\n -114.68297100653452,\n 45.477378892433194\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.05319288336737,\n 47.99391870918288\n ],\n [\n -116.45529733191213,\n 47.99391870918288\n ],\n [\n -116.45529733191213,\n 48.29313446534087\n ],\n [\n -117.05319288336737,\n 48.29313446534087\n ],\n [\n -117.05319288336737,\n 47.99391870918288\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9cae4b08c986b327ded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, K. V.","contributorId":97507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, L. B.","contributorId":107293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015530,"text":"70015530 - 1986 - A comparison of two methods for determining copper partitioning in oxidized sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:23:30","indexId":"70015530","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of two methods for determining copper partitioning in oxidized sediments","docAbstract":"Model estimations of the proportion of Cu in oxidized sediments associated with extractable organic materials show some agreement with the proportion of Cu extracted from those sediments with ammonium hydroxide. Data were from 17 estuaries of widely differing sediment chemistry. The modelling and extraction methods agreed best where concentrations of organic materials were either in very high concentrations, relative to other sediment components, or in very low concentrations. In the range of component concentrations where the model predicted Cu should be distributed among a variety of components, agreement between the methods was poor. Both approaches indicated that Cu was predominantly partitioned to organic materials in some sediments, and predominantly partitioned to other components (most probably iron oxides and manganese oxides) in other sediments, and that these differences were related to the relative abundances of the specific components in the sediment. Although the results of the two methods of estimating Cu partitioning to organics correlated significantly among 24 stations from the 17 estuaries, the variability in the relationship suggested refinement of parameter values and verification of some important assumptions were essential to the further development of a reasonable model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-4203(86)90065-4","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., 1986, A comparison of two methods for determining copper partitioning in oxidized sediments: Marine Chemistry, v. 20, no. 1, p. 45-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(86)90065-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e37ae4b0c8380cd4605f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014494,"text":"70014494 - 1986 - Magnesioferrite from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Caravaca, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:39:34.50163","indexId":"70014494","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesioferrite from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Caravaca, Spain","docAbstract":"Magnesioferrite grading toward magnetite has been identified as a very small but meaningful constituent of the basal iron-rich portion of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary clay at the Barranco del Gredero section, Caravaca, Spain. This spinel-type phase and others of the spinel group, found in K-T boundary clays at many widely separated sites, have been proposed as representing unaltered remnants of ejecta deposited from an earth-girdling dust cloud formed from the impact of an asteroid or other large bolide at the end of the Cretaceous period. The magnesioferrite occurs as euhedral, frequently skeletal, micron-sized octahedral crystals. The magnesioferrite contains29 ± 11 ppb Ir, which accounts for only part of the Ir anomaly at this K-T boundary layer(52 ± 1 ppb Ir). Major element analyses of the magnesioferrite show variable compositions. Some minor solid solution exists toward hercynite-spinel and chromite-magnesiochromite. A trevorite-nichromite (NiFe2O4-NiCr2O4) component is also present. The analyses are very similar to those reported for sites at Furlo and Petriccio, Umbria, Italy.
On the basis of the morphology and general composition of the magnesioferrite grains, rapid crystallization at high temperature is indicated, most likely directly from a vapor phase and in an environment of moderate oxygen fugacity. Elemental similarity with metallic alloy injected into rocks beneath two known impact craters suggests that part of the magnesioferrite may be derived from the vaporized chondritic bolide itself, or from the mantle; there is no supporting evidence for its derivation from crustal target rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(86)90100-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bohor, B., Foord, E., and Ganapathy, R., 1986, Magnesioferrite from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Caravaca, Spain: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 81, no. 1, p. 57-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90100-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b53e4b0c8380cd6946f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganapathy, R.","contributorId":31123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganapathy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014490,"text":"70014490 - 1986 - Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014490","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"he western interior of North America has the only known non-marine sections that contain the iridium-rich clay interpreted as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary1-7. Because vegetation and climate can be directly inferred from physiognomy of leaves8-15 and because leaf species typically represent low taxonomic categories, studies of leaf floras in these sections provide data on the effects of a terminal Cretaceous event on the land flora, vegetation and climate. A previous study based on detailed sampling of leaves and their dispersed cuticle16 in the Raton Basin provides a framework for interpretation of other leaf sequences over 20 degrees of latitude. We conclude that at the boundary there were: (1) High levels of extinction in the south and low levels in the north; (2) major ecological disruption followed by long-term vegetational changes that mimicked normal ecological succession; (3) a major increase in precipitation; and (4) a brief, low-temperature excursion, which supports models of an 'impact winter'. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/324148a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., and Upchurch, G., 1986, Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 324, no. 6093, p. 148-152, https://doi.org/10.1038/324148a0.","startPage":"148","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324148a0"},{"id":225317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"6093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1e9e4b08c986b32a807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, J. A.","contributorId":14026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upchurch, G.R. Jr.","contributorId":70546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upchurch","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014482,"text":"70014482 - 1986 - Local Magnetic Fields, Uplift, Gravity, and Dilational Strain Changes in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T00:18:04.582818","indexId":"70014482","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local Magnetic Fields, Uplift, Gravity, and Dilational Strain Changes in Southern California","docAbstract":"Measurements of regional magnetic field during gravity, strain and leveling surveys near the San Andreas fault at Cajon, Palmdale and Tejon are strongly correlated with changes in gravity, areal strain, and uplift in these regions during the period 1977-1984. This correlation principally depends on data taken during 1978-79 and 1981-82 when episodes of the ‘Palmdale Uplift’ occurred in this general region. Because the inferred relationships between these parameters are in approximate agreement with those obtained from simple deformation models, the preferred explanation appeals to short-term strain episodes independently detected in each data set. Transfer functions from magnetic to strain, gravity, and uplift perturbations, obtained by least-square linear fits to the data, are -0.98nT/ppm, -0.03nT/μGal, and 9.1nT/m respectively. Tectonomagnetic model calculations underestimate the observed changes and those reported previously for dam loading and volcano-magnetic observations. A less likely alternative explanation of the observed data appeals to a common source of meteorologically generated crustal or instrumental noise in the strain, gravity, magnetic, and uplift data.
Temperature surveys at depths of 1–2 m have had varying success in geothermal exploration in the Basin and Range province. The most successful surveys have identified patterns of near-surface thermal-fluid flow within areas of less than 2 km2. Results have been less consistent in larger areas where zones of hydrothermal upflow are less well known, nongeothermal perturbing factors are significant and lateral variations in shallow subsurface temperature are small. Nongeothermal perturbations can be minimized by use of mean annual temperatures instead of synoptic temperatures, by physically based simulation of ground temperatures or by statistical modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(86)90103-3","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Olmsted, F.H., Welch, A., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 1986, Shallow subsurface temperature surveys in the Basin and Range province, U.S.A.-I. Review and evaluation: Geothermics, v. 15, no. 3, p. 251-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(86)90103-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e41e4b08c986b318816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015313,"text":"70015313 - 1986 - Evidence for equilibrium conditions during the partitioning of nickel between olivine and komatiite liquids.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015313","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for equilibrium conditions during the partitioning of nickel between olivine and komatiite liquids.","docAbstract":"Olivine-liquid partition coefficients for Ni(DNi), calculated from Ni vs MgO abundance variations in komatiite series basalts, compare favourably with experimentally determined values, if Ni variations in olivine-controlled basalts can be modelled with an equation that assumes equilibrium between the entire olivine crystal and its coexisting liquid.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Budahn, J., 1986, Evidence for equilibrium conditions during the partitioning of nickel between olivine and komatiite liquids.: American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 11-12, p. 1337-1342.","startPage":"1337","endPage":"1342","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3de4b0c8380cd52ecc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015528,"text":"70015528 - 1986 - Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T11:18:46","indexId":"70015528","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation","docAbstract":"An estimate of the sliding velocity and basal meltwater discharge of the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet can be calculated from its reconstructed extent, altitude, and mass balance. Lobe dimensions and surface altitudes are inferred from ice limits and flow-direction indicators. Net annual mass balance and total ablation are calculated from relations empirically derived from modern maritime glaciers. An equilibrium-line altitude between 1200 and 1250 m is calculated for the maximum glacial advance (ca. 15,000 yr B.P.) during the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation. This estimate is in accord with geologic data and is insensitive to plausible variability in the parameters used in the reconstruction. Resultant sliding velocities are as much as 650 m/a at the equilibrium line, decreasing both up- and downglacier. Such velocities for an ice sheet of this size are consistent with nonsurging behavior. Average meltwater discharge increases monotonically downglacier to 3000 m3/sec at the terminus and is of a comparable magnitude to ice discharge over much of the glacier's ablation area. Palcoclimatic inferences derived from this reconstruction are consistent with previous, independently derived studies of late Pleistocene temperature and precipitation in the Pacific Northwest. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Booth, D.B., 1986, Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation: Quaternary Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3.","startPage":"269","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266540,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3"},{"id":223773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5245e4b0c8380cd6c2bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, D. B.","contributorId":42223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015720,"text":"70015720 - 1986 - Obstacles facing the venus radar mapper - The implications of gestalt formation in stereo-radargrammetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015720","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obstacles facing the venus radar mapper - The implications of gestalt formation in stereo-radargrammetry","docAbstract":"The question of adapting to radar images the existing hardware that form topographic maps through stereo-photogrammetric models, is examined in principle. Such hardware utilizes a human/ computer hybrid. Although the problem of brightness differentials between corresponding landmarks can be dealt with pseudo-photoclinometrically, the main problem is whether the perspective in a radar image can be conceived to mimic that of a photographic image obtained by a suitably positioned camera. This conception is found to be possible, providing the characteristic relief subtends to a very small angle at the radar and at the fictitious camera. The photogrammetric model parameters must be determined a priori. ?? 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00054133","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1986, Obstacles facing the venus radar mapper - The implications of gestalt formation in stereo-radargrammetry: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 35, no. 1, p. 47-54, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00054133.","startPage":"47","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205403,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054133"},{"id":223680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b0ae4b0c8380cd744ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015713,"text":"70015713 - 1986 - Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T12:18:38.929131","indexId":"70015713","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"A recently discovered ore-grade accumulation of U in organic-rich sediments of late Quaternary age provides an opportunity for studying the early association of U, U-daughters, and organic matter in a natural setting. The U occurs in valley-fill sediments of peat, peaty clay, silt, and sand along the north fork of Flodelle Creek, Stevens County, Washington. Radiometric techniques (delayed neutron, high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry, thin-source alpha spectrometry) were employed to determine the abundance and distribution of U-series nuclides, the extent of secular equilibrium within the U decay series, and the apparent U-series ages of U incorporation.
Sixteen lithologically distinct intervals were sampled from a 292 cm core. Uranium contents range from 140 to 2790 ppm and are positively correlated with organic contents. Measured alpha activity ratios of 234U/238U (1.31–1.38) are very similar to those reported in coexisting waters, suggesting a rather constant isotopic composition of introduced U. Much lower Th contents of <10–40 ppm are controlled by the type and abundance of silicate detritus. The youth of the host sediments (<15 000 a) and the paucity of associated radioactivity suggested large excesses of U relative to radioactive daughters and such excesses were observed, particularly in the shallowest intervals. Apparent ages of U emplacement determined by the (alpha) activity ratio of 230Th daughter to 234U parent show a general increase with depth and fair agreement with estimated depositional ages. This observation suggests dominantly syndepositional or early post depositional emplacement of U followed by decay-generated buildup of 230Th daughter with time. However, interval by interval comparisons of the relative abundances of other daughters, particularly 226Ra and 210Pb, indicate variability caused by processes other than closed-system growth and decay, probably because chemically diverse daughters that are decay-generated in situ have differing mobilities and because upwelling ground water continuously adds more U and minor amounts of daughters. If 230Th is considered the least susceptible to these modifications, the data suggest some addition of 234U in the deepest intervals and some loss of 226Ra and/or gain of 222Rn throughout the studied core.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Bush, C.A., and Rosholt, J., 1986, Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 49.00261108256012\n ],\n [\n -119.37861946664799,\n 49.00261108256012\n ],\n [\n -119.37861946664799,\n 47.71849255236455\n ],\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 47.71849255236455\n ],\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 49.00261108256012\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdd5e4b08c986b32925c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosholt, J.N.","contributorId":37749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015699,"text":"70015699 - 1986 - Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015699","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid","docAbstract":"Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10-100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371224","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fujimaki, H., 1986, Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 94, no. 1, p. 42-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371224.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371224"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753ae4b0c8380cd77a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujimaki, H.","contributorId":96014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujimaki","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015683,"text":"70015683 - 1986 - Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015683","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system","docAbstract":"This study is an investigation of the chemical changes in the Mount St. Helens fumarole gases up to October 1981, the sources of the fumarole gases, and the stability of gas species in the shallow magma system. These problems are investigated by calculations of element compositions, thermodynamic equilibria, and magmatic volatile-hydrothermal steam mixing models. The fumarole gases are treated as mixtures of magmatic volatiles and hydrothermal steam formed by magma degassing and boiling of local waters in a dryout zone near conduit and dome magma. The magmatic volatile fraction is significant in fumaroles with temperatures in excess of the magma cracking-temperature (??? 700??C) - i.e., the temperature below which cracking is induced by thermal stresses during cooling and solidification. Linear composition changes of the fumarole gases over time appear to be the result of a steady decline in the magmatic volatile mixing fraction, which may be due to the tapping of progressively volatile-depleted magma. The maximum proportion of hydrothermal steam in the fumaroles rose from about 25-35% in September 1980 to around 50-70% by October 1981. Fractional degassing of magmatic CO2 and sulfur also contributed to the chemical changes in the fumarole gases. The steady chemical changes indicate that replenishment of the magma system with undegassed magma was not significant between September 1980 and September 1981. Extrapolations of chemical trends suggest that fumarole gases emitted at the time of formation of the first dome in mid-June 1980 were more enriched in a magmatic volatile fraction and contained a minimum of 9% CO2. Calculations show H2S is the predominant sulfur species in Mount St. Helens magma below depths of 200 m. Rapid release of gases from magma below this depth is a plausible mechanism for producing the high H2S/SO2 observed in Mount St. Helens plumes during explosive eruptions. This study suggests that dacite-andesite volcanos may emit gases richer in CO2 during the earlier episodes of an eruptive cycle and burden the atmosphere with much more H2S than SO2 during explosive eruptions. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., and Casadevall, T.J., 1986, Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 141-160.","startPage":"141","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140fe4b0c8380cd548b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015678,"text":"70015678 - 1986 - Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015678","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Granitoid rocks of the compositionally zoned Late Cretaceous Toulumne Intrusive Suite in the central Sierra Nevada, California, have initial87Sr/86Sr values (Sri) and143Nd/144Nd values (Ndi) that vary from 0.7057 to 0.7067 and from 0.51239 to 0.51211 respectively. The observed variation of both Sri and Ndi and of chemical composition in rocks of the suite cannot be due to crystal fractionation of magma solely under closed system conditons. The largest variation in chemistry, Ndi, and Sri is present in the outer-most equigranular units of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite. Sri varies positively with SiO2, Na2O, K2O, and Rb concentrations, and negatively with Ndi, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, FeO, CaO, MnO, P2O5, TiO2, and Sr concentrations. This covariation of Sri, Ndi and chemistry can be modeled by a process of simple mixing of basaltic and granitic magmas having weight percent SiO2 of 48.0 and 73.3 respectively. Isotopic characteristic of the mafic magma are Sri=0.7047, Ndi=0.51269 and ??18O=6.0, and of the felsic magma are Sri=0.7068, Ndi=0.51212 and ??18O=8.9. The rocks sampled contain from 50 to 80% of the felsic component. An aplite in the outer equigranular unit of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite apparently was derived by fractional crystallization of plagioclase and hornblende from magma with granudiorite composition that was a product of mixing of the magmas described above. Siliceous magmas derived from the lower crust, having a maximum of 15 percent mantle-derived mafic component, are represented by the inner prophyritic units of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00592937","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., Chappell, B.W., Peck, D., and Bateman, P.C., 1986, Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 94, no. 2, p. 205-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00592937.","startPage":"205","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592937"},{"id":223732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbfe4b0c8380cd647a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chappell, B. W.","contributorId":72444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, D. L.","contributorId":53784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bateman, P. C.","contributorId":27851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}