{"pageNumber":"148","pageRowStart":"3675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":22725,"text":"ofr00472 - 2000 - Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-25T21:45:08","indexId":"ofr00472","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-472","title":"Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within the Spokane River Basin of northern Idaho and eastern Washington included extensive data-collection activities to determine the nature and extent of trace-element contamination within the basin. As part of the investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey designed and implemented a sampling program to assess sediment transport in the Coeur d’Alene River Basin. Suspended and bedload sediments were sampled at four stations at or near base flow and at eight stations during low, moderate, and high discharge conditions between February 1999 and April 2000.\nThe concentrations and loads of suspended and bedload sediment at all stations were directly related to stream discharge. To quantify these relationships, a power function was used to develop sediment-transport curves at all stations. Although the transport curves for most of the stations indicate a good log-log relationship between stream discharge and suspended- and bedload-sediment discharge, there was a fair amount of scatter about the best-fit regression at most stations. For suspended-sediment discharge, the scatter can be primarily attributed to a hysteresis effect in the concentration of suspended sediment as stream discharge rises and falls. The effects of hysteresis on bedload-sediment discharge were difficult to assess because of a paucity of samples collected over the stream hydrograph.\nAt most of the stations, and at the stream discharges sampled, the transport characteristics for fine- and sand-sized suspended sediment were similar. However, at the two main-stem Coeur d’Alene River stations, Rose Lake and Harrison, the suspended-sediment load was primarily composed of fine-grained sediment at stream discharges of less than 15,000 cubic feet per second. These two stations are characterized by relatively slow water velocities, which appear to be insufficient to transport sand-sized sediment at lower stream discharge.\nAt most of the stations, and at the stream discharges sampled, the bedload was primarily composed of material greater than 2 millimeters in diameter, the break between sand and gravel. A predominance of sand-sized bedload was noted at only a few stations, and generally only during low stream discharge. The particle-size distribution of bedload sediment at most stations became proportionately coarser as stream discharge increased. During the peak of snowmelt runoff for water years 1999 and 2000, gravel-sized material between 2 and 64 millimeters in diameter comprised more than 70 percent of the bedload transport at most stations. However, at the station on the Coeur d’Alene River at Rose Lake, the bedload was predominantly composed of fine-grained material of less than 1 millimeter in diameter for all measured stream discharges. The slow water velocities at Rose Lake accounted for the predominance of fine-grained sediment transport.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00472","isbn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., and Woods, P.F., 2000, Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-472, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00472.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262314,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0472/report.pdf"},{"id":262315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0472/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Harrison","otherGeospatial":"Rose Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.9914,47.0794 ], [ -116.9914,47.9947 ], [ -115.493,47.9947 ], [ -115.493,47.0794 ], [ -116.9914,47.0794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626b8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Greg M.","contributorId":75185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23947,"text":"ofr00485 - 2000 - Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:09:25","indexId":"ofr00485","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-485","title":"Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An aquifer test conducted in a sand and gravel, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts was analyzed by means of a model for flow to a partially penetrating well in a homogeneous, anisotropic unconfined aquifer. The model is designed to account for all significant mechanisms expected to influence drawdown in observation piezometers and in the pumped well. In addition to the usual fluid-flow and storage processes, additional processes include effects of storage in the pumped well, storage in observation piezometers, effects of skin at the pumped-well screen, and effects of drainage from the zone above the water table. The aquifer was pumped at a rate of 320 gallons per minute for 72-hours and drawdown measurements were made in the pumped well and in 20 piezometers located at various distances from the pumped well and depths below the land surface. To facilitate the analysis, an automatic parameter estimation algorithm was used to obtain relevant unconfined aquifer parameters, including the saturated thickness and a set of empirical parameters that relate to gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone. \rDrainage from the unsaturated zone is treated in this paper as a finite series of exponential terms, each of which contains one empirical parameter that is to be determined. It was necessary to account for effects of gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone to obtain satisfactory agreement between measured and simulated drawdown, particularly in piezometers located near the water table. The commonly used assumption of instantaneous drainage from the unsaturated zone gives rise to large discrepancies between measured and predicted drawdown in the intermediate-time range and can result in inaccurate estimates of aquifer parameters when automatic parameter estimation procedures are used. \rThe values of the estimated hydraulic parameters are consistent with estimates from prior studies and from what is known about the aquifer at the site. Effects of heterogeneity at the site were small as measured drawdowns in all piezometers and wells were very close to the simulated values for a homogeneous porous medium. The estimated values are: specific yield, 0.26; saturated thickness, 170 feet; horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 0.23 feet per minute; vertical hydraulic conductivity, 0.14 feet per minute; and specific storage, 1.3x10-5 per foot. \rIt was found that drawdown in only a few piezometers strategically located at depth near the pumped well yielded parameter estimates close to the estimates obtained for the entire data set analyzed simultaneously. If the influence of gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone is not taken into account, specific yield is significantly underestimated even in these deep-seated piezometers. This helps to explain the low values of specific yield often reported for granular aquifers in the literature. If either the entire data set or only the drawdown in selected deep-seated piezometers was used, it was found unnecessary to conduct the test for the full 72-hours to obtain accurate estimates of the hydraulic parameters. For some piezometer groups, practically identical results would be obtained for an aquifer test conducted for only 8-hours. Drawdowns measured in the pumped well and piezometers at distant locations were diagnostic only of aquifer transmissivity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00485","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2000, Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-485, 132 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00485.","productDescription":"132 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00-485/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.873046875,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.873046875,\n              42.09007006868398\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              42.09007006868398\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30864,"text":"wri004094 - 2000 - Application of nonlinear least-squares regression to ground-water flow modeling, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"wri004094","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4094","title":"Application of nonlinear least-squares regression to ground-water flow modeling, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"A nonlinear least-squares regression technique for estimation of ground-water flow model parameters was applied to an existing model of the regional aquifer system underlying west-central Florida. The regression technique minimizes the differences between measured and simulated water levels. Regression statistics, including parameter sensitivities and correlations, were calculated for reported parameter values in the existing model. Optimal parameter values for selected hydrologic variables of interest are estimated by nonlinear regression. Optimal estimates of parameter values are about 140 times greater than and about 0.01 times less than reported values. Independently estimating all parameters by nonlinear regression was impossible, given the existing zonation structure and number of observations, because of parameter insensitivity and correlation. Although the model yields parameter values similar to those estimated by other methods and reproduces the measured water levels reasonably accurately, a simpler parameter structure should be considered. Some possible ways of improving model calibration are to: (1) modify the defined parameter-zonation structure by omitting and/or combining parameters to be estimated; (2) carefully eliminate observation data based on evidence that they are likely to be biased; (3) collect additional water-level data; (4) assign values to insensitive parameters, and (5) estimate the most sensitive parameters first, then, using the optimized values for these parameters, estimate the entire data set. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004094","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., 2000, Application of nonlinear least-squares regression to ground-water flow modeling, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4094, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004094.","productDescription":"58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2739,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26424,"text":"wri004227 - 2000 - Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri004227","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4227","title":"Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"The present-day channels of the Chena River and Noyes Slough in downtown Fairbanks, Alaska, were formed as sloughs of the Tanana River, and part of the flow of the Tanana River occupied these waterways. Flow in these channels was reduced after the completion of Moose Creek Dike in 1945, and flow in the Chena River was affected by regulation from the Chena River Lakes Flood Control Project, which was completed in 1980. In 1981, flow in the Chena River was regulated for the first time by Moose Creek Dam, located about 20 miles upstream from Fairbanks. Constructed as part of the Chena River Lakes Flood Control Project, the dam was designed to reduce maximum flows to 12,000 cubic feet per second in downtown Fairbanks. Cross-section measurements made near the entrance to Noyes Slough show that the channel bed of the Chena River has been downcutting, thereby reducing the magnitude and duration of flow in the slough. Consequently the slough slowly is drying up. The slough provides habitat for wildlife such as ducks, beaver, and muskrat and is a fishery for anadromous and other resident species. Beavers have built 10 dams in the slough. Declining flow in the slough may endanger the remaining habitat. Residents of the community wish to restore flow in Noyes Slough to create a clean, flowing waterway during normal summer flows. The desire is to enhance the slough as a fishery and habitat for other wildlife and for recreational boating. During this study, existing and new data were compiled to determine past and present hydraulic interaction between the Chena River and Noyes Slough. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HECRAS) computer program was used to construct a model to use in evaluating alternatives for increasing flow in the slough. Under present conditions, the Chena must flow at about 2,400 cubic feet per second or more for flow to enter Noyes Slough. In an average year, water flows in Noyes Slough for 106 days during the open-water season, and maximum flow is about 1,050 cubic feet per second. The model was used to test a single method of increasing flow in Noyes Slough. A modified channel 40 feet wide and about 2 feet deeper within the existing slough channel was simulated by changing the cross-section geometry in the HECRAS model. The resulting model showed that flow in such a modified slough channel would begin at a flow of about 830 cubic feet per second in the Chena River and would increase to a maximum flow of about 1,440 cubic feet per second. In an average year, flow would continue for 158 days during the open-water season. Theoretically, enlarging the slough channel by lowering its bed could increase flow, but other solutions are possible. Possible obstacles to excavating the channel, such as bridges and utility crossings, and the destruction of desirable features such as beaver dams were not considered in the study. Further engineering and economic analyses would be  needed to assess the cost of excavation and future maintenance of the modified channel. A computer-modeling program such as HECRAS may provide a means for testing other solutions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004227","usgsCitation":"Burrows, R.L., Langley, D.E., and Evetts, D.M., 2000, Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4227, iv, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004227.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2052,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004227","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64960a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burrows, Robert L.","contributorId":79473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrows","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langley, Dustin E.","contributorId":91904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evetts, David M. devetts@usgs.gov","contributorId":5097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evetts","given":"David","email":"devetts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30506,"text":"wri004220 - 2000 - Water-quality characteristics for selected streams in Lawrence County, South Dakota, 1988-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri004220","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4220","title":"Water-quality characteristics for selected streams in Lawrence County, South Dakota, 1988-92","docAbstract":"During the 1980?s, significant economic development and population growth began to occur in Lawrence County in the northern part of the Black Hills of western South Dakota. Rising gold prices and heap-leach extraction methods allowed the economic recovery of marginal gold ore deposits, resulting in development of several large-scale, open-pit gold mines in Lawrence County. There was increasing local concern regarding potential impacts on the hydrologic system, especially relating to the quantity and quality of water in the numerous streams and springs of Lawrence County. In order to characterize the water quality of selected streams within Lawrence County, samples were collected from 1988 through 1992 at different times of the year and under variable hydrologic conditions. During the time of this study, the Black Hills area was experiencing a drought; thus, most samples were collected during low-flow conditions.Streamflow and water-quality characteristics in Lawrence County are affected by both geologic conditions and precipitation patterns. Most streams that cross outcrops of the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation lose all or large part of their streamflow to aquifer recharge. Streams that are predominantly spring fed have relatively stable streamflow, varying slightly with dry and wet precipitation cycles.Most streams in Lawrence County generally have calcium magnesium bicarbonate type waters. The sites from the mineralized area of central Lawrence County vary slightly from other streams in Lawrence County by having higher concentrations of sodium, less bicarbonate, and more sulfate. False Bottom Creek near Central City has more sulfate than bicarbonate. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and cyanide concentrations were at or near the laboratory reporting limits for most sites and did not exceed any of the water-quality standards. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations at Annie Creek near Lead, Whitetail Creek at Lead, Squaw Creek near Spearfish, and Spearfish Creek below Robison Gulch were somewhat higher than at other sites. Mining activity, agricultural activity, and domestic development are possible sources of nitrogen to the streams. Increased mining activities were identified as the probable cause of increased nitrogen concentrations in Annie Creek.In the mineralized area of the northern Black Hills, detectable concentrations of trace elements are common in stream water, occasionally exceeding beneficial-use and aquatic-life criteria. In addition, many basins have been disturbed by both historical and recent mining operations and cleanup activities. The maximum dissolved arsenic concentration at Annie Creek near Lead (48 micrograms per liter) approached the current arsenic drinking-water standard. Concentrations at or greater than 5 micrograms per liter were found in samples from Annie Creek near Lead, Spearfish Creek above Spearfish, Whitetail Creek at Lead, and False Bottom Creek near Spearfish. Bear Butte Creek near Deadwood had one sample with a dissolved copper concentration that exceeded acute and chronic aquatic-life criteria. Bear Butte Creek near Deadwood had several manganese concentrations that exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level of 50 micrograms per liter.Bed-sediment and water-quality data from selected sites in small drainage basins were used to determine if factors such as pH, arsenic concentrations in bed sediments, and calcite saturation control dissolved arsenic concentrations. Arsenic solubility is controlled by adsorption, mainly on ferrihydrite. In addition, adsorption/desorption of arsenic is controlled by the pH of the stream, with high arsenic concentrations appearing only at higher pH conditions (above 8). There are significant arsenic sources available to almost all the small streams of the northern Black Hills mining area, but arsenic is less mobile in streams that are not influenced to the higher pH values by calcite. Streams where arsenic is more mobile have lower iron concentrations i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004220","usgsCitation":"Williamson, J., and Hayes, T., 2000, Water-quality characteristics for selected streams in Lawrence County, South Dakota, 1988-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4220, v, 131 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004220.","productDescription":"v, 131 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2400,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004220","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb03e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Timothy Scott","contributorId":97151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27791,"text":"wri004121 - 2000 - Assessment of potential for natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes in ground water at a petrochemical reclamation site, Harris County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T09:52:10","indexId":"wri004121","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4121","title":"Assessment of potential for natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes in ground water at a petrochemical reclamation site, Harris County, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Redox conditions in the Numerous Sand Channels Zone beneath a petrochemical reclamation site in Harris County, Texas, range from sulfate reducing to methanogenic as indicated by the presence of methane in ground water and the range of molecular hydrogen concentrations. Assessment of the potential for reductive dechlorination using BIOCHLOR as a screening tool indicated conditions favoring anaerobic degradation of chlorinated organic compounds in the Numerous Sand Channels Zone. Evidence supporting reductive dechlorination includes apparently biogenic cis-1,2-dichloroethene; an increased ratio of 1,2-dichloroethane to 1,1,2-trichloroethane downgradient from the assumed contaminant source area; ethene and methane concentrations greater than background concentrations within the area of the contaminant plume; and a positive correlation of the ratio of ethene to vinyl chloride as a function of methane concentrations. The body of evidence presented in this report argues for hydrogenolysis of trichloroethene to cis-1,2-dichloroethene; of 1,1,2-trichloroethane to 1,2-dichloroethane; and of vinyl chloride to ethene within the Numerous Sand Channels Zone. Simulations using BIOCHLOR yielded apparent first-order decay constants for reductive dechlorination in the sequence Tetrachloroethene --&gt; trichloroethene --&gt; cis-1,2-dichloroethene --&gt; vinyl chloride --&gt; ethene within the range of literature values reported for each compound and apparent first-order decay constants for reductive dechlorination in the sequence 1,1,2-trichloroethane --&gt; 1,2-dichloroethane slightly greater than literature values reported for each compound along the upgradient segment of a simulated ground-water flowpath. Except for vinyl chloride, apparent rates of reductive dechlorination for all simulated species show a marked decrease along the downgradient segment of the simulated ground-water flowpath. Evidence for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes within the Numerous Sand Channels Zone indicates potential for natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes. Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethanes apparently occurs to a lesser extent, indicating relatively less potential for natural attenuation of chlorinated ethanes. Additional data are needed on the concentrations and distribution of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes in individual fine sand intervals of the Numerous Sand Channels Zone. This information, combined with lower minimum reporting levels for future chloroethane analyses, might enable a more complete and quantitative assessment of the potential for natural attenuation at the site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004121","usgsCitation":"Huff, G.F., Braun, C.L., and Lee, R.W., 2000, Assessment of potential for natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes in ground water at a petrochemical reclamation site, Harris County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4121, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004121.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004121.PNG"},{"id":2138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327836,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4121/pdf/wri00-4121.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, Glenn F.","contributorId":12079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29915,"text":"wri20004158 - 2000 - Delineation and Analysis of Uncertainty of Contributing Areas to Wells at the Southbury Training School, Southbury, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri20004158","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4158","title":"Delineation and Analysis of Uncertainty of Contributing Areas to Wells at the Southbury Training School, Southbury, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Contributing areas to public-supply wells at the Southbury Training School in Southbury, Connecticut, were mapped by simulating ground-water flow in stratified glacial deposits in the lower Transylvania Brook watershed. The simulation used nonlinear regression methods and informational statistics to estimate parameters of a ground-water flow model using drawdown data from an aquifer test. The goodness of fit of the model and the uncertainty associated with model predictions were statistically measured. A watershed-scale model, depicting large-scale ground-water flow in the Transylvania Brook watershed, was used to estimate the distribution of groundwater recharge. Estimates of recharge from 10 small basins in the watershed differed on the basis of the drainage characteristics of each basin. Small basins having well-defined stream channels contributed less ground-water recharge than basins having no defined channels because potential ground-water recharge was carried away in the stream channel. Estimates of ground-water recharge were used in an aquifer-scale parameter-estimation model. Seven variations of the ground-water-flow system were posed, each representing the ground-water-flow system in slightly different but realistic ways. The model that most closely reproduced measured hydraulic heads and flows with realistic parameter values was selected as the most representative of the ground-water-flow system and was used to delineate boundaries of the contributing areas. The model fit revealed no systematic model error, which indicates that the model is likely to represent the major characteristics of the actual system. Parameter values estimated during the simulation are as follows: horizontal hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained deposits, 154 feet per day; vertical hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained deposits, 0.83 feet per day; horizontal hydraulic conductivity of fine-grained deposits, 29 feet per day; specific yield, 0.007; specific storage, 1.6E-05. Average annual recharge was estimated using the watershed-scale model with no parameter estimation and was determined to be 24 inches per year in the valley areas and 9 inches per year in the upland areas. The parameter estimates produced in the model are similar to expected values, with two exceptions. The estimated specific yield of the stratified glacial deposits is lower than expected, which could be caused by the layered nature of the deposits. The recharge estimate produced by the model was also lower?about 32 percent of the average annual rate. This could be caused by the timing of the aquifer test with respect to the annual cycle of ground-water recharge, and by some of the expected recharge going to parts of the flow system that were not simulated. The data used in the calibration were collected during an aquifer test from October 30 to November 4, 1996. The model fit was very good, as indicated by the correlation coefficient (0.999) between the weighted simulated values and weighted observed values. The model also reproduced the general rise in ground-water levels caused by ground-water recharge and the cyclic fluctuations caused by pumping prior to the aquifer test. Contributing areas were delineated using a particle-tracking procedure. Hypothetical particles of water were introduced at each model cell in the top layer and were tracked to determine whether or not they reached the pumped well. A deterministic contributing area was calculated using the calibrated model, and a probabilistic contributing area was calculated using a Monte Carlo approach along with the calibrated model. The Monte Carlo simulation was done, using the parameter variance/covariance matrix generated by the regression model, to estimate probabilities associated with the contributing area to the wells. The probabilities arise from uncertainty in the estimated parameter values, which in turn arise from the adequacy of the data available to comprehensively describe the groundwater-flow sy","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri20004158","usgsCitation":"Starn, J.J., Stone, J., and Mullaney, J.R., 2000, Delineation and Analysis of Uncertainty of Contributing Areas to Wells at the Southbury Training School, Southbury, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4158, v, 54 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004158.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":9317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ct.water.usgs.gov/pubs/southburyweb1.pdf","size":"8568","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db67212d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starn, J. Jeffrey","contributorId":101617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway","contributorId":72793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet Radway","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23840,"text":"ofr00371 - 2000 - Ground geophysical study of the Buckeye mine tailings, Boulder watershed, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:21:15","indexId":"ofr00371","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-371","title":"Ground geophysical study of the Buckeye mine tailings, Boulder watershed, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The Buckeye mine site is located in the Boulder River watershed along Basin Creek, in northern Jefferson County, Montana. This project is part of the Boulder River watershed Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative, and is a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Land Management in the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The site includes a large flotation milltailing deposit, which extends to the stream and meadows below the mine. These tailings contain elevated levels of metals, such as silver, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. Metal-rich fluvial tailings containing these metals, are possible sources of ground and surface water contamination. Geophysical methods were used to characterize the sediments at the Buckeye mine site. Ground geophysical surveys, including electromagnetics, DC resistivity, and total field magnetic methods, were used to delineate anomalies that probably correlate with subsurface metal contamination. Subsurface conductivity was mapped using EM-31 and EM-34 terrain conductivity measuring systems. The conductivity maps represent variation of concentration of dissolved solids in the subsurface from a few meters, to an approximate depth of 30 meters. Conductive sulfides several centimeters thick were encountered in a shallow trench, dug in an area of very high conductivity, at a depth of approximately 1 to1.5 meters. Laboratory measurements of samples of the sulfide layers show the conductivity is on the order of 1000 millisiemens. DC resistivity soundings were used to quantify subsurface conductivity variations and to estimate the depth to bedrock. Total field magnetic measurements were used to identify magnetic metals in the subsurface. The EM surveys identified several areas of relatively high conductivity and detected a conductive plume extending to the southwest, toward the stream. This plume correlates well with the potentiometric surface and direction of ground water flow, and with water quality data from monitoring wells in and around the tailings. The electrical geophysical data suggests there has been vertical migration of high dissolved solids. A DC sounding made on a nearby granite outcrop to the north of the mine showed that the shallow conductivity is on the order of 5 millisiemens/m. Granite underlying the mine tailings, with similar electrical properties as the outcropping area, may be more than 30 meters deep.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00371","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McDougal, R., and Smith, B.D., 2000, Ground geophysical study of the Buckeye mine tailings, Boulder watershed, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-371, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00371.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0371/ofr-00-0371.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":1574,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0371/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":" Basin Creek, Boulder River watershed, Buckeye mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.4066162109375,\n              46.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              46.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              46.5720787149159\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4066162109375,\n              46.5720787149159\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4066162109375,\n              46.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25419,"text":"wri004123 - 2000 - Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T19:27:10.018363","indexId":"wri004123","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4123","title":"Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"The number and total concentration of\r\nvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) per\r\nsample were significantly greater in water from\r\npublic-supply wells than in water from shallow\r\nand moderate-depth monitoring wells in the\r\nsurficial Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in\r\nthe Glassboro area of southern New Jersey. In\r\ncontrast, concentrations of nitrate (as nitrogen)\r\nand the number and total concentration of\r\npesticides per sample were statistically similar\r\nin samples from shallow and moderate-depth\r\nmonitoring wells and those from public-supply\r\nwells.\r\nVOCs in ground water typically are\r\nderived from point sources, which commonly\r\nexist in urban areas and which result in\r\nspatially variable contaminant concentrations\r\nnear the water table. Because larger volumes of\r\nwater are withdrawn from public-supply wells\r\nthan from monitoring wells, their contributing\r\nareas are larger and, therefore, they are more\r\nlikely to intercept water flowing from VOC\r\npoint sources. Additionally, public-supply\r\nwells intercept flow paths that span a large\r\ntemporal interval. Public-supply wells in the\r\nGlassboro study area withdraw water flowing\r\nalong short paths, which contains VOCs that\r\nrecently entered the aquifer system, and water\r\nflowing along relatively long paths, which\r\ncontains VOCs that originated from the\r\ndegradation of parent compounds or that are\r\nassociated with past land uses. Because the\r\nvolume of water withdrawn from monitoring\r\nwells is small and because shallow monitoring\r\nwells are screened near the water table, they\r\ngenerally intercept only relatively short flow\r\npaths. Therefore, samples from these wells\r\nrepresent relatively recent, discrete time\r\nintervals and contain both fewer VOCs and a\r\nlower total VOC concentration than samples\r\nfrom public-supply wells.\r\nNitrate and pesticides in ground water\r\ntypically are derived from nonpoint sources,\r\nwhich commonly are found in both agricultural\r\nand urban areas and typically result in lowlevel,\r\nrelatively uniform concentrations near\r\nthe water table. Because nonpoint sources are\r\ndiffuse and because processes such as\r\ndegradation or sorption/dispersion do not occur\r\nat rates sufficient to prevent detection of these\r\nconstituents in parts of the aquifer used for\r\ndomestic and public supply in the study area,\r\nconcentrations of nitrate and pesticides and\r\nnumbers of pesticide compounds are likely to\r\nbe similar in samples from shallow monitoring\r\nwells and samples from public-supply wells.\r\nResults of a comparison of (1) the general\r\ncharacteristics of, and water-quality data from,\r\npublic-supply wells in the Glassboro study area\r\nto available data from public-supply wells\r\nscreened in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer\r\nsystem outside the study area, and (2) land-use\r\nsettings, soil characteristics, and aquifer\r\nproperties in and outside the study area indicate\r\nthat the findings of this study likely are\r\napplicable to the entire extent of the Kirkwood-\r\nCohansey aquifer system in southern New\r\nJersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004123","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Kauffman, L.J., Baehr, A.L., and Ayers, M.A., 2000, Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4123, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004123.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4123/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":1806,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4123/wri004123.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00-4123"},{"id":400776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34825.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.307,\n              39.442\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849,\n              39.442\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849,\n              39.843\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.307,\n              39.843\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.307,\n              39.442\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae44d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayers, M. A.","contributorId":41417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29546,"text":"wri004264 - 2000 - Aquifer test to determine hydraulic properties of the Elm aquifer near Aberdeen, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri004264","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4264","title":"Aquifer test to determine hydraulic properties of the Elm aquifer near Aberdeen, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Elm aquifer, which consists of sandy and gravelly glacial-outwash deposits, is present in several counties in northeastern South Dakota. An aquifer test was conducted northeast of Aberdeen during the fall of 1999 to determine the hydraulic properties of the Elm aquifer in that area. An improved understanding of the properties of the aquifer will be useful in the possible development of the aquifer as a water resource.\r\n\r\nHistorical water-level data indicate that the saturated thickness of the Elm aquifer can change considerably over time. From September 1977 through November 1985, water levels at three wells completed in the Elm aquifer near the aquifer test site varied by 5.1 ft, 9.50 ft, and 11.1 ft. From June 1982 through October 1999, water levels at five wells completed in the Elm aquifer near the aquifer test site varied by 8.7 ft, 11.4 ft, 13.2 ft, 13.8 ft, and 19.7 ft. The water levels during the fall of 1999 were among the highest on record, so the aquifer test was affected by portions of the aquifer being saturated that might not be saturated during drier times.\r\n\r\nThe aquifer test was conducted using five existing wells that had been installed prior to this study. Well A, the pumped well, has an operating irrigation pump and is centrally located among the wells. Wells B, C, D, and E are about 70 ft, 1,390 ft, 2,200 ft, and 3,100 ft, respectively, in different directions from Well A. Using vented pressure transducers and programmable data loggers, water-level data were collected at the five wells prior to, during, and after the pumping, which started on November 19, 1999, and continued a little over 72 hours.\r\n\r\nBased on available drilling logs, the Elm aquifer near the test area was assumed to be unconfined. The Neuman (1974) method theoretical response curves that most closely match the observed water-level changes at Wells A and B were calculated using software (AQTESOLV for Windows Version 2.13-Professional) developed by Glenn M. Duffield of HydroSOLVE, Inc. These best fit theoretical response curves are based on a transmissivity of 24,000 ft2/d or a hydraulic conductivity of about 600 ft/d, a storage coefficient of 0.05, a specific yield of 0.42, and vertical hydraulic conductivity equal to horizontal hydraulic conductivity.\r\n\r\nThe theoretical type curves match the observed data fairly closely at Wells A and B until about 2,500 minutes and 1,000 minutes, respectively, after pumping began. The increasing rate of drawdown after these breaks is an indication that a no-flow boundary (an area with much lower hydraulic conductivity) likely was encountered and that Wells A and B may be completed in a part of the Elm aquifer with limited hydraulic connection to the rest of the aquifer.\r\n\r\nAdditional analysis indicates that if different assumptions regarding the screened interval for Well B and aquifer anisotropy are used, type curves can be calculated that fit the observed data using a lower specific yield that is within the commonly accepted range. When the screened interval for Well B was reduced to 5 ft near the top of the aquifer and horizontal hydraulic conductivity was set to 20 times vertical hydraulic conductivity, the type curves calculated using a specific yield of 0.1 and a transmissivity of 30,200 ft2/d also matched the observed data from Wells A and B fairly well.\r\n\r\nA version of the Theim equilibrium equation was used to calculate the theoretical drawdown in an idealized unconfined aquifer when a perfectly efficient well is being pumped at a constant rate. These calculations were performed for a range of pumping rates, drawdowns at the wells, and distances between wells that might be found in a production well field in the Elm aquifer.\r\n\r\nAlthough the aquifer test indicates that hydraulic conductivity near the well may be adequate to support a production well, the comparison of drawdown and recovery curves indicates the possibility that heterogeneities may limit the productive capacity of specific loca","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004264","usgsCitation":"Schaap, B.D., 2000, Aquifer test to determine hydraulic properties of the Elm aquifer near Aberdeen, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4264, iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004264.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679fb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaap, Bryan D.","contributorId":63438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22053,"text":"ofr00403 - 2000 - Preliminary report on geophysics of the Verde River headwaters region, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:29:21.339322","indexId":"ofr00403","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-403","title":"Preliminary report on geophysics of the Verde River headwaters region, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the acquisition, data processing, and preliminary interpretation of a high-resolution aeromagnetic and radiometric survey near the confluence of the Big and Little Chino basins in the headwaters of the Verde River, Arizona. The goal of the aeromagnetic study is to improve understanding of the geologic framework as it affects groundwater flow, particularly in relation to the occurrence of springs in the upper Verde River headwaters region. Radiometric data were also collected to map surficial rocks and soils, thus aiding geologic mapping of the basin fill. Additional gravity data were collected to enhance existing coverage. \n\nBoth aeromagnetic and gravity data indicate a large gradient along the Big Chino fault, a fault with Quaternary movement. Filtered aeromagnetic data show other possible faults within the basin fill and areas where volcanic rocks are shallowly buried. Gravity lows associated with Big Chino and Williamson Valleys indicate potentially significant accumulations of low-density basin fill. The absence of a gravity low associated with Little Chino Valley indicates that high-density rocks are shallow. \n\nThe radiometric maps show higher radioactivity associated with the Tertiary latites and with the sediments derived from them. The surficial materials on the eastern side of the Big Chino Valley are significantly lower in radioactivity and reflect the materials derived from the limestone and basalt east of the valley. The dividing line between the low radioactivity materials to the east and the higher radioactiviy materials to the west coincides approximately with the major drainage system of the valley, locally known as Big Chino Wash. This feature is remarkably straight and is approximately parallel to the Big Chino Fault. The uranium map shows large areas with concentrations greater than 5 ppm eU, and we expect that these areas will have a significantly higher risk potential for indoor radon.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00403","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Duval, J.S., Wirt, L., and DeWitt, E., 2000, Preliminary report on geophysics of the Verde River headwaters region, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-403, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00403.","productDescription":"28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51510,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0403/pdf/of00-403n.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0403/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0403/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.800407,34.606650 ], [ -112.800407,35.159775 ], [ -112.200279,35.159775 ], [ -112.200279,34.606650 ], [ -112.800407,34.606650 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, J. S.","contributorId":15200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29335,"text":"wri004034 - 2000 - Hydrogeology of the Beaver Kill Basin in Sullivan, Delaware, and Ulster Counties, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:48:28","indexId":"wri004034","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4034","title":"Hydrogeology of the Beaver Kill Basin in Sullivan, Delaware, and Ulster Counties, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology of the 299-square-mile Beaver Kill basin in the southwestern Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York is depicted in a surficial geologic map and five geologic sections, and is summarized through an analysis of low-flow statistics for the Beaver Kill and its major tributary, Willowemoc Creek. Surficial geologic data indicate that the most widespread geologic units within the basin are ablation and lodgment till. Large masses of ablation till as much as 450 feet thick were deposited as lateral embankments within the narrow Beaver Kill and Willowemoc Creek valleys and have displaced the modern stream courses by as much as 1,000 feet from the preglacial bedrock-valley axis.</p><p>Low-flow statistics for the Beaver Kill and Willowemoc Creeks indicate that the base flows (discharges that are exceeded 90 percent of the time) of these two streams—0.36 and 0.39 cubic feet per square mile,respectively—are the highest of 13 Catskill Mountain streams studied. High base flows elsewhere in the glaciated northeastern United States are generally associated with large stratified-drift aquifers, however, stratified drift in these two basins accounts for only about 5 percent and 4.4 percent of their respective surface areas, respectively. The high base flows in these two basins appear to correlate with an equally high percentage of massive sandstone members of the Catskill Formation, which underlies the entire region. Ground-water seepage from these sandstone members may be responsible for the high base flows of these two streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Rockland","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., 2000, Hydrogeology of the Beaver Kill Basin in Sullivan, Delaware, and Ulster Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4034, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004034.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4034/wri20004034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4034"},{"id":159229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4034/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695 <br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Geology</li><li>Hydrology</li><li>Summary</li><li>Selected references</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6152b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38124,"text":"ofr00393 - 2000 - Velocity and stage data collected in a laboratory flume for water-surface slope determination using a pipe manometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T12:15:26.753567","indexId":"ofr00393","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-393","title":"Velocity and stage data collected in a laboratory flume for water-surface slope determination using a pipe manometer","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologists and ecologist are conducting studies to quantify vegetative flow resistance in order to improve numerical models of surface-water flow in the Florida Everglades. Water-surface slope is perhaps the most difficult of the flow resistance parameters to measure in the Everglades due to the very low gradients of the topography and flow. In an effort to measure these very small slopes, a unique pipe manometer was developed for the local measurement of water-surface slopes on the order of 1 centimeter per kilometer (cm/km). \r\n\r\nAccording to theory, a very precise measurement of centerline velocity obtained inside the pipe manometer should serve as a unique proxy for water-surface slope in the direction of the pipe axis. In order to confirm this theoretical relationship and calibrate the pipe manometer, water-surface elevation and pipe centerline velocity data were simultaneously measured in a set of experiments carried out in the tilting flume at the USGS Hydraulic Laboratory Facility at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. A description of the instrumentation and methods used to evaluate this technique for measuring water-surface slope as well as a summary of the entire data set is presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00393","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., Visser, H.M., Jenter, H., and Duff, M.P., 2000, Velocity and stage data collected in a laboratory flume for water-surface slope determination using a pipe manometer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-393, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00393.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":64373,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0393/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-393"},{"id":164517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0393/report-thumb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdc52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Visser, H. M.","contributorId":53858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duff, M. P.","contributorId":21204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":38120,"text":"ofr00307 - 2000 - Investigation of polyethylene passive diffusion samplers for sampling volatile organic compounds in ground water at Davis Global Communications, Sacramento, California, August 1998 to February 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:54","indexId":"ofr00307","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-307","title":"Investigation of polyethylene passive diffusion samplers for sampling volatile organic compounds in ground water at Davis Global Communications, Sacramento, California, August 1998 to February 1999","docAbstract":"Fourteen wells were instrumented with diffusion samplers as a test to determine whether the samplers could be used to obtain representative volatile organic compound concentrations at a study site in Sacramento, California. Single diffusion samplers were placed in 10-foot-long well screens, and multiple diffusion samplers were positioned in 20-foot-long well screens. Borehole geophysical logs and electromagnetic flowmeter tests were run in selected wells with 20-foot-long well screens prior to deploying the samplers. The diffusion samplers were recovered after 25 to 30 days, and the wells were then sampled by using the purge-and-sample method. In most wells, the concentrations obtained by using the downhole diffusion samplers closely matched those obtained by using the purge-and-sample method. In seven wells, the concentrations differed between the two methods by only 2 micrograms per liter (g/L) or less. In three wells, volatile organic compounds were not detected in water obtained by using either method. In the four remaining wells, differences between the methods were less than 2g/L in the 0.2- to 8.5-g/L concentration range and from 1.2 to 8.7g/L in the 10- to 26-g/L concentration range. Greater differences (23 percent or 14.5g/L, 31 percent or 66g/L, and 46 percent or 30g/L) between the two methods were observed for tetrachloroethene concentrations, which ranged between 30 and 211g/L in three wells. The most probable explanation for the differences is that in some wells, the purging induced drawdowns and introduced water that differed in volatile organic compound concentrations from the in situ water in contact with the screened interval of the well. Alternate explanations include the possibility of unrecorded changes in nearby contaminant-extraction-well operation during the equilibration period. The data suggest that the combined use of borehole flowmeter tests and diffusion samplers may be useful in optimizing the radius of capture of contaminated ground water by the contaminant-removal wells. Overall, the data suggest that the use of diffusion samplers provided an alternative sampling method to the purge-and-sample approach.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1U.S. Geological Survey, Stephenson Center, Suite 129, 720 Gracern Road, Columbia, South Carolina 29210-7651.\r\n\r\n2U.S. Geological Survey, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, California 95819-6129.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00307","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Borchers, J.W., Campbell, T., and Kinsey, W., 2000, Investigation of polyethylene passive diffusion samplers for sampling volatile organic compounds in ground water at Davis Global Communications, Sacramento, California, August 1998 to February 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-307, iv, 13 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00307.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0307/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6278a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchers, J. W.","contributorId":74414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, T.R.","contributorId":99594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kinsey, Willey","contributorId":23998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsey","given":"Willey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30884,"text":"wri004249 - 2000 - Predevelopment water-level map of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the middle Rio Grande basin between Cochiti Lake and San Acacia, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T09:29:49","indexId":"wri004249","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4249","displayTitle":"Predevelopment Water-Level Map of the Santa Fe Group Aquifer System in the Middle Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti Lake and San Acacia, New Mexico","title":"Predevelopment water-level map of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the middle Rio Grande basin between Cochiti Lake and San Acacia, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Because of its increasing population and limited water resources, the Middle&nbsp;Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti Lake and San Acacia, New Mexico, has recently&nbsp;become the subject of intense study. In particular, the U.S. Geological Survey&nbsp;(USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque has constructed a series of&nbsp;ground-water-flow models of the Tertiary and Quaternary basin-fill deposits of the&nbsp;Santa Fe Group aquifer system (Kernodle and Scott, 1986; Kernodle and others,&nbsp;1987; Kernodle and others, 1995; Kernodle, 1998; Tiedeman and others, 1998). The&nbsp;ground-water-flow system also has been the focus of hydrochemical studies and&nbsp;other efforts intended largely to help develop an improved flow model. Among the&nbsp;information critical to a thorough understanding of the ground-water-flow system&nbsp;are water-level data that indicate the directions of ground-water flow and the&nbsp;magnitudes of hydraulic gradients in the aquifer prior to perturbation by&nbsp;substantial ground-water withdrawals (under predevelopment conditions).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2000, Predevelopment water-level map of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the middle Rio Grande basin between Cochiti Lake and San Acacia, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4249, 1 sheet: 34.50 x 23.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004249.","productDescription":"1 sheet: 34.50 x 23.50 inches","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4249/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4249/wri004249.pdf","text":"Report","size":"436 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4249"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\">New Mexico Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6700 Edith Blvd NE<br><span class=\"locality\">Albuquerque</span>,&nbsp;<span class=\"state\">NM</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"postal-code\">87113</span></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Data Sources and Compilation</li><li>Selection of Predevelopment Data</li><li>Methods of Contouring</li><li>Selected References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4981,"text":"fs01400 - 2000 - Monitoring The Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers Colorado River NASQAN Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"fs01400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"014-00","title":"Monitoring The Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers Colorado River NASQAN Program","docAbstract":"Since 1995, the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has focused on monitoring the water quality of the Nation's largest rivers including the Colorado, Columbia, Mississippi, and Rio Grande. The NASQAN program in the Colorado River Basin consists of eight stations that span seven basin States including Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California. Data collected from these stations are used to quantify the transport of chemical constituents and evaluate trends in water quality of the river. Currently, the NASQAN program in the Colorado River Basin is providing necessary data and information required by resource managers of the river who are responsible for meeting longstanding legal agreements that regulate the flow and quality of the river water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs01400","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., and Hooper, R.P., 2000, Monitoring The Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers Colorado River NASQAN Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 014-00, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 x 43 cm. folded to 28 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01400.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 x 43 cm. folded to 28 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_014_00.bmp"},{"id":163,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs-014-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25504,"text":"wri004218 - 2000 - Factors affecting nutrient trends in major rivers of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri004218","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4218","title":"Factors affecting nutrient trends in major rivers of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","docAbstract":"Trends in nutrient loads and flow-adjusted concentrations in the major rivers entering Chesapeake Bay were computed on the basis of water-quality data collected between 1985 and 1998 at 29 monitoring stations in the Susquehanna, Potomac, James, Rappahannock, York, Patuxent, and Choptank River Basins. Two computer models?the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model (WSM) and the U.S. Geological Survey?s 'Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed attributes' (SPARROW) Model?were used to help explain the major factors affecting the trends. Results from WSM simulations provided information on temporal changes in contributions from major nutrient sources, and results from SPARROW model simulations provided spatial detail on the distribution of nutrient yields in these basins. Additional data on nutrient sources, basin characteristics, implementation of management practices, and ground-water inputs to surface water were analyzed to help explain the trends. The major factors affecting the trends were changes in nutrient sources and natural variations in streamflow. The dominant source of nitrogen and phosphorus from 1985 to 1998 in six of the seven tributary basins to Chesapeake Bay was determined to be agriculture. Because of the predominance of agricultural inputs, changes in agricultural nutrient sources such as manure and fertilizer, combined with decreases in agricultural acreage and implementation of best management practices (BMPs), had the greatest impact on the trends in flow-adjusted nutrient concentrations. Urban acreage and population, however, were noted to be increasing throughout the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, and as a result, delivered loads  of nutrients from urban areas increased during the study period. Overall, agricultural nutrient management, in combination with load decreases from point sources due to facility upgrades and the phosphate detergent ban, led to downward trends in flow-adjusted nutrient concentrations atmany of the monitoring stations in the watershed. The loads of nutrients, however, were not reduced significantly at most of the monitoring stations. This is due primarily to higher streamflow in the latter years of the monitoring period, which led to higher loading in those years.Results of this study indicate a need for more detailed information on BMP effectiveness under a full range of hydrologic conditions and in different areas of the watershed; an internally consistent fertilizer data set; greater consideration of the effects of watershed processes on nutrient transport; a refinement of current modeling efforts; and an expansion of the non-tidal monitoring network in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004218","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., Langland, M., Yochum, S., Edwards, R.E., Blomquist, J., Phillips, S., Shenk, G., and Preston, S.D., 2000, Factors affecting nutrient trends in major rivers of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4218, vii, 109 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004218.","productDescription":"vii, 109 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004218","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f89ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langland, M. J.","contributorId":36173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yochum, S.E.","contributorId":62242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochum","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, R. E.","contributorId":92211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blomquist, J. D. 0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":20784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phillips, S.W.","contributorId":6867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shenk, G.W.","contributorId":106938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Preston, S. D.","contributorId":105770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":24436,"text":"ofr2000314 - 2000 - Mapping Typha Domingensis in the Cienega de Santa Clara Using Satellite Images, Global Positioning System, and Spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr2000314","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-314","title":"Mapping Typha Domingensis in the Cienega de Santa Clara Using Satellite Images, Global Positioning System, and Spectrometry","docAbstract":"The Cienega de Santa Clara, Sonora, Mexico, a brackish wetland area created near the delta of the Colorado River from drainage effluent flowing from the United States since 1977, may undergo changes owing to the operation of the Yuma Desalting Plant in the United States. This has become the largest wetland in the delta region containing rare and endangered species, yet little is known about the environmental impact of these changes. The water quality of the marsh is of growing concern to the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) which operates the Desalting Plant. Consequently, the BOR solicited the U.S. Geological Survey to investigate the limits and usefulness of satellite, global positioning system (GPS), and spectra data to map the Typha domingensis (cattail) of the Cienega de Santa Clara.\r\n\r\nTypha domingensis was selected by the BOR as the Cienega de Santa Clara indicator species to best predict the environmental effects of effl uent from the Yuma Desalting Plant. The successful base mapping of Typha domingensis will provide a viable tool for long-term monitoring and stress detection in the Cienega de Santa Clara.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000314","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, R.D., Burnett, E.E., and Croxen, F., 2000, Mapping Typha Domingensis in the Cienega de Santa Clara Using Satellite Images, Global Positioning System, and Spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-314, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000314.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0314/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53512,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0314/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e2a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, Richard D.","contributorId":66296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, Earl E.","contributorId":38188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croxen, Fred","contributorId":73242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croxen","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5414,"text":"fs06800 - 2000 - Water Flows in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-25T14:51:49","indexId":"fs06800","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"068-00","title":"Water Flows in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"25.7754\">The Necedah National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR), in Juneau County, Wisconsin (fig. 1). contains extensive wetlands areas commonly recog- nized as providing habitat and protection for migratory birds and endangered species. Because of concerns with potential changes to the water resources that supply the Refuge, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey undertook a one-year study to characterize the water resources of the Refuge in 1998. That study, which focused on quantifying the surface water and ground-water flows into and out of the Refuge, was intended to serve as a baseline condition of water resources on the Refuge.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs06800","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Graczyk, D., and Rose, W., 2000, Water Flows in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 068-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06800.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32046,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-068-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Juneau County","otherGeospatial":"Necedah National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.36872863769531,\n              44.02195282780904\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.36872863769531,\n              44.203373876159134\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10986328125,\n              44.203373876159134\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10986328125,\n              44.02195282780904\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.36872863769531,\n              44.02195282780904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29968,"text":"wri004130 - 2000 - Trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in stream morphology in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 1939-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T18:37:44.271355","indexId":"wri004130","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4130","title":"Trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in stream morphology in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 1939-99","docAbstract":"The Fountain Creek watershed, located in and along the eastern slope of the Front Range section of the southern Rocky Mountains, drains approximately 930 square miles of parts of Teller, El Paso, and Pueblo Counties in eastern Colorado. Streamflow in the watershed is dominated by spring snowmelt runoff and storm runoff during the summer monsoon season. Flooding during the 1990?s has resulted in increased streambank erosion. Property loss and damage associated with flooding and bank erosion has cost area residents, businesses, utilities, municipalities, and State and Federal agencies millions of dollars. Precipitation (4 stations) and streamflow (6 stations) data, aerial photographs, and channel reconnaissance were used to evaluate trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in channel morphology. Trends were evaluated for pre-1977, post-1976, and period-of-record time periods. Analysis revealed the lack of trend in total annual and seasonal precipitation during the pre-1977 time period. In general, the analysis also revealed the lack of trend in seasonal precipitation for all except the spring season during the post-1976 time period. Trend analysis revealed a significant upward trend in long-term (period of record) total annual and spring precipitation data, apparently due to a change in total annual precipitation throughout the Fountain Creek watershed. During the pre-1977 time period, precipitation was generally below average; during the post- 1976 time period, total annual precipitation was generally above average. During the post- 1976 time period, an upward trend in total annual and spring precipitation was indicated at two stations. Because two of four stations evaluated had upward trends for the post-1976 period and storms that produce the most precipitation are isolated convection storms, it is plausible that other parts of the watershed had upward precipitation trends that could affect trends in streamflow. Also, because of the isolated nature of convection storms that hit some areas of the watershed and not others, it is difficult to draw strong conclusions on relations between streamflow and precipitation. Trends in annual instantaneous peak streamflow, 70th percentile, 90th percentile, maximum daily-mean streamflow (100th percentile), 7-, 14-, and 30-day high daily-mean stream- flow duration, minimum daily-mean streamflow (0th percentile), 10th percentile, 30th percentile, and 7-, 14-, 30-day low daily-mean streamflow duration were evaluated. In general, instantaneous peak streamflow has not changed significantly at most of the stations evaluated. Trend analysis revealed the lack of a significant upward trend in streamflow at all stations for the pre-1977 time period. Trend tests indicated a significant upward trend in high and low daily-mean streamflow statistics for the post-1976 period. Upward trends in high daily-mean streamflow statistics may be an indication that changes in land use within the watershed have increased the rate and magnitude of runoff. Upward trends in low daily-mean 2 Trends in Precipitation and Streamflow and Changes in Stream Morphology in the Fountain Creek Watershed, Colorado, 1939-99 streamflow statistics may be related to changes in water use and management. An analysis of the relation between streamflow and precipitation indicated that changes in water management have had a marked effect on streamflow. Observable change in channel morphology and changes in distribution and density of vegetation varied with magnitude, duration, and frequency of large streamflow events, and increases in the magnitude and duration of low streamflows. Although more subtle, low stream- flows were an important component of day-to-day channel erosion. Substantial changes in channel morphology were most often associated with infrequent large or catastrophic streamflow events that erode streambed and banks, alter stream course, and deposit large amounts of sediment in the flood plain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004130","usgsCitation":"Stogner, 2000, Trends in precipitation and streamflow and changes in stream morphology in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, 1939-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4130, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004130.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33858.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4130","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fountain Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105,\n              38.264\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              38.264\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              39.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              39.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              38.264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24651,"text":"ofr2000313 - 2000 - A note on scrap in the 1992 U.S. input-output tables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"ofr2000313","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-313","title":"A note on scrap in the 1992 U.S. input-output tables","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\nA key concern of industrial ecology and life cycle analysis is the disposal and recycling of\r\nscrap. One might conclude that the U.S. input-output tables are appropriate tools for analyzing\r\nscrap flows. Duchin, for instance, has suggested using input-output analysis for industrial\r\necology, indicating that input-output economics can trace the stocks and flows of energy and\r\nother materials from extraction through production and consumption to recycling or disposal.\r\nLave and others use input-output tables to design life cycle assessment models for studying\r\nproduct design, materials use, and recycling strategies, even with the knowledge that these tables\r\nsuffer from a lack of comprehensive and detailed data that may never be resolved.\r\nAlthough input-output tables can offer general guidance about the interdependence of\r\neconomic and environmental processes, data reporting by industry and the economic concepts\r\nunderlying these tables pose problems for rigorous material flow examinations. This is\r\nespecially true for analyzing the output of scrap and scrap flows in the United States and\r\nestimating the amount of scrap that can be recycled. To show how data reporting has affected the\r\nvalues of scrap in recent input-output tables, this paper focuses on metal scrap generated in\r\nmanufacturing. The paper also briefly discusses scrap that is not included in the input-output\r\ntables and some economic concepts that limit the analysis of scrap flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000313","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Swisko, G.M., 2000, A note on scrap in the 1992 U.S. input-output tables (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-313, ii, 19 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000313.","productDescription":"ii, 19 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9150,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swisko, George M.","contributorId":29477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisko","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31169,"text":"ofr00351 - 2000 - Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T20:18:19.696676","indexId":"ofr00351","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-351","title":"Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>The Salem East and Turner 7.5-minute quadrangles are situated in the center of the Willamette Valley near the western margin of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) distribution. The terrain within the area is of low to moderate relief, ranging from about 150 to almost 1,100-ft elevation. Mill Creek flows northward from the Stayton basin (Turner quadrangle) to the northern Willamette Valley (Salem East quadrangle) through a low that dissects the Columbia River basalt that forms the Salem Hills on the west and the Waldo Hills to the east. Approximately eight flows of CRBG form a thickness of up to 700 in these two quadrangles. The Ginkgo intracanyon flow that extends from east to west through the south half of the Turner quadrangle is exposed in the hills along the southeast part of the quadrangle.</p><p>Previous geologic mapping by Thayer (1939) and Bela (1981) while providing the general geologic framework did not subdivide the CRBG which limited their ability to delineate structural elements. Reconnaissance mapping of the CRBG units in the Willamette Valley indicated that these stratigraphic units could serve as a series of unique reference horizons for identifying post-Miocene folding and faulting (Beeson and others, 1985,1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990). Crenna, et al. (1994) compiled previous mapping in the Willamette Valley in a study of the tectonics of the Salem area.</p><p>The major emphasis of this study was to identify and map CRBG units within the Salem East and Turner Quadrangles and to utilize this detailed CRBG stratigraphy to identify and characterize structural features. Water well logs were used to provide better subsurface stratigraphic control. Three other quadrangles (Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE) in the Willamette Valley have been mapped in this way (Tolan and Beeson, 1999).</p><p>This area was a lowland area of weathered and eroded marine sedimentary when the Columbia River basalts encroached on this area approximately 15-16 m.y. ago. An incipient Coast Range apparently stopped or diverted the fluid lava flows from moving much farther westward toward the coast at this latitude. It is assumed also that an ancestral Willamette River flowed northward through this low-lying area so that water was present as streams and ponds along the flood plain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00351","usgsCitation":"Tolan, T.L., Beeson, M.H., and DuRoss, C., 2000, Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-351, 2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00351.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00351.gif"},{"id":2676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281611,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351ps.tar.gz"},{"id":281612,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.tar.gz"},{"id":281613,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.zip"},{"id":281614,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/README.PDF"},{"id":281610,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/tnrfinal.pdf"},{"id":281615,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/slmfinal.pdf"},{"id":110130,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34045.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34045"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Marion County","otherGeospatial":"Mill Creek, Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,44.75 ], [ -123.0,45.0 ], [ -122.875,45.0 ], [ -122.875,44.75 ], [ -123.0,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolan, Terry L.","contributorId":31029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeson, Marvin H.","contributorId":67937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B.","contributorId":64298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27232,"text":"wri004205 - 2000 - Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:59:53","indexId":"wri004205","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4205","title":"Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>The use of fencing to exclude pastured animals from streams has been recognized as an agricultural best-management practice. Streambank fencing was installed in a small basin within the Mill Creek Watershed of Lancaster County, Pa., during summer 1997 to evaluate the effectiveness of fencing on surface-water quality. A preliminary review of data collected during a pre-treatment, or calibration period (October 1993 through June 1997), and part of the post-treatment period (July 1997 through November 1998) has identified a varied instream nutrient response to streambank fencing.</p><p>Concentrations of total nitrogen (N) during low-flow periods were significantly reduced by 20 to 31 percent at treated relative to untreated sites, but the yield of total N during low-flow conditions did not change significantly. Low-flow concentrations and yields of total phosphorus (P) did not change significantly at the outlet of the treatment basin, but data from a tributary site (T-2) in the treatment basin showed a 19- to 79-percent increase in the concentration and yield of total P relative to those at untreated sites. The total-P increase was due to increased concentrations of dissolved P. The processes causing the decrease in the concentration of total N and an increase in the concentration of total P were related to stream discharge, which declined after fencing to about one-third lower than the period-of-record mean. Declines in stream discharge after fence installation were caused by lower than normal precipitation. As concentrations of dissolved oxygen decreased in the stream channel as flows decreased, there was increased potential for instream denitrification and solubilization of P from sediments in the stream channel. Vegetative uptake of nitrate could also have contributed to decreased N concentrations. There were few significant changes in concentrations and yields of nutrients during stormflow except for significant reductions of 16 percent for total-N concentrations and 26 percent for total-P concentrations at site T-2 relative to the site at the outlet of the control basin.</p><p>Suspended-sediment concentrations in the stream were significantly reduced by fencing. These reductions were partially caused by reduced cow access to the stream and hence reduced potential for the cows to destabilize streambanks through trampling. Development of a vegetative buffer along the stream channel after fence installation also helped to retain soil eroding from upgradient land. Reductions in suspended sediment during low flow ranged from 17 to 26 percent; stormflow reductions in suspended sediment ranged from 21 to 54 percent at treated relative to untreated sites. Suspended-sediment yields, however, were significantly reduced only at site T-2, where low-flow and stormflow yields were reduced by about 25 and 10 percent, respectively, relative to untreated sites.</p><p>Benthic-macroinvertebrate sampling has identified increased number of taxa in the treatment basin after fence installation. Relative to the control basin, there was about a 30-percent increase in the total number of taxa. This increase was most likely related to improved instream habitat as a result of channel revegetation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., 2000, Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4205, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004205.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4205/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4205/wri20004205.pdf","text":"Report","size":"435 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4205"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Site description</li><li>Study design</li><li>Basin characterization</li><li>Preliminary effects of streambank fencing</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galeone, Daniel G. 0000-0002-8007-9278 dgaleone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-9278","contributorId":2301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galeone","given":"Daniel","email":"dgaleone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21891,"text":"ofr00483 - 2000 - Interaction between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough and vicinity, Everglades National Park, South Florida: Study methods and appendixes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-12T21:35:40.31506","indexId":"ofr00483","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-483","title":"Interaction between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough and vicinity, Everglades National Park, South Florida: Study methods and appendixes","docAbstract":"The data presented in this report are products of an investigation that quantified interactions between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough in Everglades National Park. Determining the extent of hydrologic interactions between wetland surface water and ground water in Taylor Slough is important because the balance of freshwater flow in the lower part of the Slough is uncertain. Although freshwater flows through Taylor Slough are quite small in comparison to Shark Slough (the larger of the two major sloughs in Everglades National Park), flows through Taylor Slough are especially important to the ecology of estuarine mangrove embayments of northeastern Florida Bay. Also, wetland and ground- water interactions must be quantified if their role in affecting water quality is to be determined. \r\n\r\nIn order to define basic hydrologic characteristics of the wetland, depth of wetland peat was mapped, and hydraulic conductivity and vertical hydraulic gradients in peat were determined. During specific time periods representing both wet and dry conditions in the area, the distribution of major ions, nutrients, and water stable isotopes throughout the slough were determined. The purpose of chemical measurements was to identify an environmental tracer could be used to quantify ground-water discharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00483","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Jackson, J.M., Mooney, R.H., and Choi, J., 2000, Interaction between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough and vicinity, Everglades National Park, South Florida: Study methods and appendixes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-483, vi, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00483.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51381,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0483/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-483"},{"id":400600,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49799.htm"},{"id":154149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0483/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Taylor Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              25.351472502592568\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.351472502592568\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.401724200763503\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              25.401724200763503\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              25.351472502592568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b7e4b07f02db5cc210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, J. M.","contributorId":95503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, R. H.","contributorId":95504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, Jungyill","contributorId":70792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jungyill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28821,"text":"wri004096 - 2000 - Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri004096","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4096","title":"Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data and a ground-water flow model were used to characterize ground-water flow in the Kansas River alluvial aquifer at Fort Riley in northeast Kansas. The ground-water flow model was developed as a tool to project ground-water flow and potential contaminant-transport paths in the alluvial aquifer on the basis of past hydrologic conditions. The model also was used to estimate historical and hypothetical ground-water flow paths with respect to a private- and several public-supply wells.  The ground-water flow model area extends from the Smoky Hill and Republican Rivers downstream to about 2.5 miles downstream from the city of Ogden. The Kansas River Valley has low relief and, except for the area within the Fort Riley Military Reservation, is used primarily for crop production. Sedimentary deposits in the Kansas River Valley, formed after the ancestral Kansas River eroded into bedrock, primarily are alluvial sediment deposited by the river during Quaternary time. The alluvial sediment consists of as much as about 75 feet of poorly sorted, coarse-to-fine sand, silt, and clay, 55 feet of which can be saturated with ground water. The alluvial aquifer is unconfined and is bounded on the sides and bottom by Permian-age shale and limestone bedrock. Hydrologic data indicate that ground water in the Kansas River Valley generally flows in a downstream direction, but flow direction can be quite variable near the Kansas River due to changes in river stage. Ground-water-level changes caused by infiltration of precipitation are difficult to detect because they are masked by larger changes caused by fluctuation in Kansas River stage. Ratios of strontium isotopes Sr87 and Sr86 in water collected from wells in the Camp Funston Area indicate that the ground water along the northern valley wall originates, in part, from upland areas north of the river valley. Water from Threemile Creek, which flows out of the uplands north of the river valley, had Sr87:Sr86 ratios similar to those in ground water from wells in the northern Camp Funston Area. In addition, comparison of observed water levels from wells CF90-06, CF97-101, and CF97-401 in the Camp Funston Area and ground-water levels simulated for these wells using floodwave-response analysis indicates that ground-water inflow from bedrock is a hydraulic stress that, in addition to the changing stage in the Kansas River, acts on the aquifer. This hydraulic stress seems to be located near the northern valley wall because the effect of this stress is greater for well CF97-101, which is the well closest to the valley wall. Ground-water flow was simulated using a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW). Particle tracking, used to visualize ground-water flow paths in the alluvial aquifer, was accomplished using MODPATH. Forward-in-time particle tracking indicated that, in general, particles released near the Kansas River followed much more variable paths than particles released near the valley wall. Although particle tracking does not simulate solute transport, this increased path variability indicates that, near the river, ground-water contaminants could follow many possible paths towards the river, whereas more distant from the river, ground-water contaminants likely would follow a narrower corridor. Particle tracks in the Camp Funston Area indicate that, for the 1990-98 simulation period, contaminants from the ground-water study sites in the Camp Funston Area would be unlikely to move into the vicinity of Ogden's supply wells. Backward-in-time particle tracking indicated that the flow-path and recharge areas for model cells corresponding to Ogden's supply wells lie near the northern valley wall and extend into the northern Camp Funston Area. The flow-path and recharge areas for model cells corresponding to Morris County Rural Water District wells lie within Clarks Creek Valley and probably extend outside the model area. Three hypothetical simulations, i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004096","usgsCitation":"Myers, N.C., 2000, Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4096, viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004096.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4096/report.pdf","size":"34781","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4096/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Nathan C. 0000-0002-7469-3693 nmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3693","contributorId":1055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Nathan","email":"nmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}