{"pageNumber":"148","pageRowStart":"3675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10458,"records":[{"id":70127481,"text":"70127481 - 2014 - Mercury deposition and methylmercury formation in Narraguinnep Reservoir, southwestern Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T16:32:57","indexId":"70127481","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-30T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury deposition and methylmercury formation in Narraguinnep Reservoir, southwestern Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Narraguinnep Reservoir in southwestern Colorado is one of several water bodies in Colorado with a mercury (Hg) advisory as Hg in fish tissue exceed the 0.3 μg/g guideline to protect human health recommended by the State of Colorado. Concentrations of Hg and methyl-Hg were measured in reservoir bottom sediment and pore water extracted from this sediment. Rates of Hg methylation and methyl-Hg demethylation were also measured in reservoir bottom sediment. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential sources of Hg in the region and evaluate the potential of reservoir sediment to generate methyl-Hg, a human neurotoxin and the dominant form of Hg in fish. Concentrations of Hg (ranged from 1.1 to 5.8 ng/L, <i>n</i> = 15) and methyl-Hg (ranged from 0.05 to 0.14 ng/L, <i>n</i> = 15) in pore water generally were highest at the sediment/water interface, and overall, Hg correlated with methyl-Hg in pore water (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.60, <i>p</i> = 0007, <i>n</i> = 15). Net Hg methylation flux in the top 3 cm of reservoir bottom sediment varied from 0.08 to 0.56 ng/m<sup>2</sup>/day (mean = 0.28 ng/m<sup>2</sup>/day, <i>n</i> = 5), which corresponded to an overall methyl-Hg production for the entire reservoir of 0.53 g/year. No significant point sources of Hg contamination are known to this reservoir or its supply waters, although several coal-fired power plants in the region emit Hg-bearing particulates. Narraguinnep Reservoir is located about 80 km downwind from two of the largest power plants, which together emit about 950 kg-Hg/year. Magnetic minerals separated from reservoir sediment contained spherical magnetite-bearing particles characteristic of coal-fired electric power plant fly ash. The presence of fly-ash magnetite in post-1970 sediment from Narraguinnep Reservoir indicates that the likely source of Hg to the catchment basin for this reservoir has been from airborne emissions from power plants, most of which began operation in the late-1960s and early 1970s in this region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.001","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M.E., Goldstein, H., and Reynolds, R.L., 2014, Mercury deposition and methylmercury formation in Narraguinnep Reservoir, southwestern Colorado, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 50, p. 82-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-055075","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294581,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Narraguinnep Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.634079,37.482226 ], [ -108.634079,37.501924 ], [ -108.606567,37.501924 ], [ -108.606567,37.482226 ], [ -108.634079,37.482226 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bb80de4b0abfb4c809696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, Mark E.","contributorId":43180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L.","contributorId":32999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175450,"text":"70175450 - 2014 - Bird mortality during nocturnal migration over Lake Michigan: A case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T16:14:59","indexId":"70175450","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-29T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird mortality during nocturnal migration over Lake Michigan: A case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Millions of birds die each year during migration. Most of this mortality goes unobserved and conditions surrounding the actual events are often not thoroughly documented. We present a case study of substantial migrant casualties along the shores of southwestern Lake Michigan during May 1996 when we found 2,981 dead birds of 114 species, mostly migrant passerines. An unusual sequence of events allowed us to document the circumstances surrounding this migratory bird kill. Bird carcasses appeared on the southwestern shores of Lake Michigan in the days following storm systems that produced high rain and in one case, hail. Encounters between birds and precipitation over open water were recorded by weather radar, and were followed by winds that drifted dead birds toward highly populated shorelines where the kill was observed and documented. Climatologically, May 1996 was exceptional for producing weather conditions that both killed birds&nbsp;</span><i>en masse</i><span>&nbsp;and allowed the mortality to be documented. As a result, this is one of the more thoroughly documented instances of a weather-related mass mortality event during migration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1676/12-191.1","usgsCitation":"Diehl, R.H., Bates, J.M., Willard, D.E., and Gnoske, T.P., 2014, Bird mortality during nocturnal migration over Lake Michigan: A case study: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 126, no. 1, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1676/12-191.1.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042759","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.900390625,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.900390625,\n              44.91813929958515\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              44.91813929958515\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.900390625,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ada1b4e4b0f412a62dfa52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, Robert H. 0000-0001-9141-1734 rhdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-1734","contributorId":3396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert","email":"rhdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, John M.","contributorId":173617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Willard, David E.","contributorId":173616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gnoske, Thomas P.","contributorId":173618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gnoske","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70127095,"text":"70127095 - 2014 - Pesticides in groundwater of the United States: decadal-scale changes, 1993-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:35:43","indexId":"70127095","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-26T09:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in groundwater of the United States: decadal-scale changes, 1993-2011","docAbstract":"The national occurrence of 83 pesticide compounds in groundwater of the United States and decadal-scale changes in concentrations for 35 compounds were assessed for the 20-year period from 1993–2011. Samples were collected from 1271 wells in 58 nationally distributed well networks. Networks consisted of shallow (mostly monitoring) wells in agricultural and urban land-use areas and deeper (mostly domestic and public supply) wells in major aquifers in mixed land-use areas. Wells were sampled once during 1993–2001 and once during 2002–2011. Pesticides were frequently detected (53% of all samples), but concentrations seldom exceeded human-health benchmarks (1.8% of all samples). The five most frequently detected pesticide compounds—atrazine, deethylatrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and prometon—each had statistically significant (p < 0.1) changes in concentrations between decades in one or more categories of well networks nationally aggregated by land use. For agricultural networks, concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, and prometon decreased from the first decade to the second decade. For urban networks, deethylatrazine concentrations increased and prometon concentrations decreased. For major aquifers, concentrations of deethylatrazine and simazine increased. The directions of concentration changes for individual well networks generally were consistent with changes determined from nationally aggregated data. Altogether, 36 of the 58 individual well networks had statistically significant changes in concentrations of one or more pesticides between decades, with the majority of changes attributed to the five most frequently detected pesticide compounds. The magnitudes of median decadal-scale concentration changes were small—ranging from −0.09 to 0.03 µg/L—and were 35- to 230,000-fold less than human-health benchmarks.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12176","usgsCitation":"Toccalino, P., Gilliom, R.J., Lindsey, B., and Rupert, M.G., 2014, Pesticides in groundwater of the United States: decadal-scale changes, 1993-2011: Groundwater, v. 52, no. S1, p. 112-125, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12176.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-051692","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294558,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12176"}],"county":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54267209e4b0bb3382a4763b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12176","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12176","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Toccalino Patricia L., Gilliom Robert J., Lindsey Bruce D., Rupert Michael G.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"3/5/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toccalino, Patricia L. 0000-0003-1066-1702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-1702","contributorId":41089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toccalino","given":"Patricia L.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70126502,"text":"70126502 - 2014 - Organization of marine phenology data in support of planning and conservation in ocean and coastal ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T16:25:42","indexId":"70126502","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organization of marine phenology data in support of planning and conservation in ocean and coastal ecosystems","docAbstract":"Among the many effects of climate change is its influence on the phenology of biota. In marine and coastal ecosystems, phenological shifts have been documented for multiple life forms; however, biological data related to marine species' phenology remain difficult to access and is under-used. We conducted an assessment of potential sources of biological data for marine species and their availability for use in phenological analyses and assessments. Our evaluations showed that data potentially related to understanding marine species' phenology are available through online resources of governmental, academic, and non-governmental organizations, but appropriate datasets are often difficult to discover and access, presenting opportunities for scientific infrastructure improvement. The developing Federal Marine Data Architecture when fully implemented will improve data flow and standardization for marine data within major federal repositories and provide an archival repository for collaborating academic and public data contributors. Another opportunity, largely untapped, is the engagement of citizen scientists in standardized collection of marine phenology data and contribution of these data to established data flows. Use of metadata with marine phenology related keywords could improve discovery and access to appropriate datasets. When data originators choose to self-publish, publication of research datasets with a digital object identifier, linked to metadata, will also improve subsequent discovery and access. Phenological changes in the marine environment will affect human economics, food systems, and recreation. No one source of data will be sufficient to understand these changes. The collective attention of marine data collectors is needed—whether with an agency, an educational institution, or a citizen scientist group—toward adopting the data management processes and standards needed to ensure availability of sufficient and useable marine data to understand marine phenology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Informatics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., Fornwall, M.D., Weltzin, J., and Griffis, R., 2014, Organization of marine phenology data in support of planning and conservation in ocean and coastal ecosystems: Ecological Informatics, v. 24, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-057863","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294367,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf7e4b08312ac7cee6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fornwall, Mark D.","contributorId":78659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornwall","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffis, R.B.","contributorId":65017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffis","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70125962,"text":"ds858 - 2014 - Post-Hurricane Sandy coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Montauk, New York, November 4-6, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:19:29","indexId":"ds858","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-19T15:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"858","title":"Post-Hurricane Sandy coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Montauk, New York, November 4-6, 2012","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On November 4-6, 2012, approximately one week after the landfall of Hurricane Sandy, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Cape Lookout, N.C., to Montauk, N.Y., aboard a Piper Navajo Chieftain (aircraft) at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,000 ft offshore. This mission was flown to collect post-Hurricane Sandy data for assessing incremental changes in the beach and nearshore area since the last survey in 2009. The data can be used in the assessment of future coastal change.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The photographs provided here are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of the feature in the images. These photos document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. Exiftool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Table 1 provides detailed information about the GPS location, image name, date, and time each of the 9,481 photographs were taken, along with links to each photograph. The photographs are organized in segments, also referred to as contact sheets, and represent approximately 5 minutes of flight time.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds858","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K., and Krohn, M.D., 2014, Post-Hurricane Sandy coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Montauk, New York, November 4-6, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 858, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds858.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-11-04","temporalEnd":"2012-11-06","ipdsId":"IP-054522","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds858.PNG"},{"id":294233,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0858/"},{"id":294244,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0858/ds858_title.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cape Lookout;Montauk","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,34.0 ], [ -76.5,42.0 ], [ -72.0,42.0 ], [ -72.0,34.0 ], [ -76.5,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d378fe4b0f68901ebd9c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, M. Dennis dkrohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"dkrohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70125442,"text":"70125442 - 2014 - Frequency-dependent effects of rupture for the 2004 Parkfield mainshock, results from UPSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:37:13","indexId":"70125442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-18T12:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-dependent effects of rupture for the 2004 Parkfield mainshock, results from UPSAR","docAbstract":"<p>The frequency-dependent effects of rupture propagation of the Parkfield, California earthquake (Sept. 28, 2004, M6) to the northwest along the San Andreas fault can be seen in acceleration records at UPSAR (USGS Parkfield Seismic Array) in at least two ways. First, we can see the effects of directivity in the acceleration traces at UPSAR, which is about 11.5 km from the epicenter. Directivity or the seismic equivalent of a Doppler shift has been documented in many cases by comparing short duration, high-amplitude pulses (P or S) in the forward direction with longer duration body waves in the backward direction. In this case we detect a change from a relatively large amplitude, coherent, high-frequency signal at the start of rupture to a low-amplitude, low-coherent, low-frequency signal at about the time the rupture front transfers from the forward azimuth to the back azimuth at about 34-36 s (time is UTC and are the seconds after day 272 and 17 hours and 15 minutes. S arrival is just after 30s) for rays leaving the fault and propagating to UPSAR. The frequency change is obvious in the band about 5 to 30 Hz, which is significantly above the corner frequency of the earthquake (about 0.11Hz). From kinematic source models, the duration of faulting is about 9.2 s and the change in frequency is during faulting as the rupture extends to the northwest. Understanding the systematic change in frequency and amplitude of seismic waves in relation to the propagation of the rupture front is important for predicting strong ground motion.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Second, we can filter the acceleration records from the array to determine if the low frequency energy emerges from the same part of the fault as the high frequency signal (e.g. has the same back azimuth and apparent velocity at UPSAR) an important clue to the dynamics of rupture. Analysis of sources of strong motion (characterized by relatively high frequencies) compared to kinematic slip models (relatively low frequency) for the March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake as well as Maule (Feb. 27, 2010) and Chi-Chi (Sept. 20, 1999) earthquakes show that high- and low-frequency sources do not have the same locations on the fault. In this paper we filter the accelerograms from UPSAR for the 2004 mainshock in various passbands and then re-compute the cross correlations to determine the vector slowness of the incoming waves. At Parkfield, it appears that for seismic waves with frequencies above 1 Hz there is no discernible frequency-dependent difference in source position (up to 8 Hz) based on estimates of back azimuth and apparent velocity. However at lower frequencies, sources appear to be from shallower depths and trail the high frequencies as the rupture proceeds down the fault. This result is greater than one standard deviation of an estimate of error, based on a new method of estimating error that is a measure of how broad the peak in correlation is and an estimate of the variance of the correlation values. These observations can be understood in terms of a rupture front that is more energetic and coherent near the front of rupture (radiating higher frequencies) and less coherent and less energetic (radiating in a lower frequency band) behind the initial rupture front. This result is a qualitative assessment of changes in azimuth and apparent velocity with frequency and time and does not include corrections to find the source location on the fault.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011007","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.B., 2014, Frequency-dependent effects of rupture for the 2004 Parkfield mainshock, results from UPSAR: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 9, p. 7195-7208, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7195","endPage":"7208","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-057417","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294146,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011007"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.518699,35.829432 ], [ -120.518699,35.959873 ], [ -120.348669,35.959873 ], [ -120.348669,35.829432 ], [ -120.518699,35.829432 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541be608e4b0e96537dda050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Jon B.","contributorId":65614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70125920,"text":"70125920 - 2014 - Indicators of the statuses of amphibian populations and their potential for exposure to atrazine in four midwestern U.S. conservation areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T16:23:29","indexId":"70125920","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-18T09:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indicators of the statuses of amphibian populations and their potential for exposure to atrazine in four midwestern U.S. conservation areas","docAbstract":"Extensive corn production in the midwestern United States has physically eliminated or fragmented vast areas of historical amphibian habitat. Midwestern corn farmers also apply large quantities of fertilizers and herbicides, which can cause direct and indirect effects on amphibians. Limited field research regarding the statuses of midwestern amphibian populations near areas of corn production has left resource managers, conservation planners, and other stakeholders needing more information to improve conservation strategies and management plans. We repeatedly sampled amphibians in wetlands in four conservation areas along a gradient of proximity to corn production in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin from 2002 to 2005 and estimated site occupancy. We measured frequencies of gross physical deformities in recent metamorphs and triazine concentrations in the water at breeding sites. We also measured trematode infection rates in kidneys of recently metamorphosed Lithobates pipiens collected from nine wetlands in 2003 and 2004. We detected all possible amphibian species in each study area. The amount of nearby row crops was limited in importance as a covariate for estimating site occupancy. We observed deformities in <5% of metamorphs sampled and proportions were not associated with triazine concentrations. Trematode infections were high in metamorphs from all sites we sampled, but not associated with site triazine concentrations, except perhaps for a subset of sites sampled in both years. We detected triazines more often and in higher concentrations in breeding wetlands closer to corn production. Triazine concentrations increased in floodplain wetlands as water levels rose after rainfall and were similar among lotic and lentic sites. Overall, our results suggest amphibian populations were not faring differently among these four conservation areas, regardless of their proximity to corn production, and that the ecological dynamics of atrazine exposure were complex.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0107018","usgsCitation":"Sadinski, W., Roth, M., Hayes, T., Jones, P., and Gallant, A., 2014, Indicators of the statuses of amphibian populations and their potential for exposure to atrazine in four midwestern U.S. conservation areas: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, e107018; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107018.","productDescription":"e107018; 21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294099,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois;Iowa;Minnesota;Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.04,40.38 ], [ -95.04,48.69 ], [ -90.01,48.69 ], [ -90.01,40.38 ], [ -95.04,40.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541be60ae4b0e96537dda05e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sadinski, Walter","contributorId":106025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadinski","given":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roth, Mark","contributorId":38908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Tyrone","contributorId":105240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Tyrone","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Perry","contributorId":7634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":85280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70125297,"text":"70125297 - 2014 - Interpreting the paleozoogeography and sea level history of thermally anomalous marine terrace faunas: A case study from the the last interglacial complex of San Clemente Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T19:20:23.243279","indexId":"70125297","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-17T15:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2785,"text":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpreting the paleozoogeography and sea level history of thermally anomalous marine terrace faunas: A case study from the the last interglacial complex of San Clemente Island, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Marine invertebrate faunas with mixtures of extralimital southern and extralimital northern faunal elements, called thermally anomalous faunas, have been recognized for more than a century in the Quaternary marine terrace record of the Pacific Coast of North America. Although many mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, no single explanation seems to be applicable to all localities where thermally anomalous faunas have been observed. Here, we describe one such thermally anomalous fossil fauna that was studied on the second emergent marine terrace at Eel Point on San Clemente Island. The Eel Point terrace complex is a composite feature, consisting of a narrow upper bench (terrace 2a) and a broader lower bench (terrace 2b). Terrace 2b, previously dated from ∼128 ka to ∼114 ka, was thought to date solely to marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.5, representing the peak of the last interglacial period. Nevertheless, the fauna contains an extralimital northern species and several northward-ranging species, as well as an extralimital southern species and several southward-ranging species. Similar faunas with thermally anomalous elements have also been reported from San Nicolas Island, Point Loma (San Diego County), and Cayucos (San Luis Obispo County), California. U-series dating of corals at those localities shows that the thermally anomalous faunas may be the result of mixing of fossils from both the ∼100-ka (cool-water) and the ∼120-ka (warm-water) sea level high stands. Submergence, erosion, and fossil mixing of the ∼120-ka terraces by the ∼100-ka high-sea stand may have been possible due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effects on North America, which could have resulted in a higher-than-present local sea level stand at ∼100 ka. The terrace elevation spacing on San Clemente Island is very similar to that on San Nicolas Island, and we hypothesize that a similar mixing took place on San Clemente Island. Existing fossil records from older terraces elsewhere in California also show thermally anomalous elements, indicating that the scenario presented here for the last interglacial complex may have applicability to much of the marine Quaternary record for the Pacific Coast.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University Press","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/042.007.0110","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Groves, L., and Schumann, R.R., 2014, Interpreting the paleozoogeography and sea level history of thermally anomalous marine terrace faunas: A case study from the the last interglacial complex of San Clemente Island, California: Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 82-108, https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0110.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"27","ipdsId":"IP-045364","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Clemente Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.607689,32.799553 ], [ -118.607689,33.036017 ], [ -118.348743,33.036017 ], [ -118.348743,32.799553 ], [ -118.607689,32.799553 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541a9492e4b01571b3d4cc67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, Lindsey T.","contributorId":61678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"Lindsey T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70124000,"text":"70124000 - 2014 - USGS ecosystem research for the next decade: advancing discovery and application in parks and protected areas through collaboration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:54:56","indexId":"70124000","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-17T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS ecosystem research for the next decade: advancing discovery and application in parks and protected areas through collaboration","docAbstract":"<p>Ecosystems within parks and protected areas in the United States and throughout the world are being transformed at an unprecedented rate. Changes associated with natural hazards, greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing demands for water, food, land, energy and mineral resources are placing urgency on sound decision making that will help sustain our Nation’s economic and environmental well-being (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005).  In recognition of the importance of science in making these decisions, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2007 identified ecosystem science as one of six science directions included in a comprehensive decadal strategy (USGS 2007).  The Ecosystems Mission Area was identified as essential for integrating activity within the USGS and as a key to enhanced integration with other Federal and private sector research and management organizations (Myers at al., 2007).</p>\n<br>\n<p>This paper focuses on benefits to parks and protected areas from the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area plan that expanded the scope of the original 2007 science strategy, to identify the Bureau’s work in ecosystem science over the next decade (Williams et al., 2013).  The plan describes a framework that encompasses both basic and applied science and allows the USGS to continue to contribute meaningfully to conservation and management issues related to the Nation’s parks and ecological resources.  This framework relies on maintaining long-standing, collaborative relationships with partners in both conducting science and applying scientific results.  Here we summarize the major components of the USGS Ecosystems Science Strategy, articulating the vision, goals and strategic approaches, then outlining some of the proposed actions that will ultimately prove useful to those managing parks and protected areas.  We end with a discussion on the future of ecosystem science for the USGS and how it can be used to evaluate ecosystem change and the associated consequences to management of our Nation’s natural resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Nichols, J., Wingard, G., Kershner, J.L., Cloern, J.E., Jacobson, R.B., White, R.P., McGuire, A.D., Williams, B.K., Gelfenbaum, G., and Shapiro, C.D., 2014, USGS ecosystem research for the next decade: advancing discovery and application in parks and protected areas through collaboration: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2.","ipdsId":"IP-044820","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295628,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/node/9643"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf45fe4b0e96537ddf8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn","contributorId":44969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G. Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"White, Robin P. rpwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Robin","email":"rpwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5053,"text":"IPDS Training","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGuire, Anthony D. 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":2493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Anthony","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":86616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl D. 0000-0002-1598-6808 cshapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":3048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","email":"cshapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70125410,"text":"70125410 - 2014 - Sapronosis: a distinctive type of infectious agent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:37:58","indexId":"70125410","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-17T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3890,"text":"Trends in Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sapronosis: a distinctive type of infectious agent","docAbstract":"Sapronotic disease agents have evolutionary and epidemiological properties unlike other infectious organisms. Their essential saprophagic existence prevents coevolution, and no host–parasite virulence trade-off can evolve. However, the host may evolve defenses. Models of pathogens show that sapronoses, lacking a threshold of transmission, cannot regulate host populations, although they can reduce host abundance and even extirpate their hosts. Immunocompromised hosts are relatively susceptible to sapronoses. Some particularly important sapronoses, such as cholera and anthrax, can sustain an epidemic in a host population. However, these microbes ultimately persist as saprophages. One-third of human infectious disease agents are sapronotic, including nearly all fungal diseases. Recognition that an infectious disease is sapronotic illuminates a need for effective environmental control strategies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.006","usgsCitation":"Kuris, A.M., Lafferty, K.D., and Sokolow, S.H., 2014, Sapronosis: a distinctive type of infectious agent: Trends in Parasitology, v. 30, no. 8, p. 386-393, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-057756","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293989,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.006"}],"volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541a9492e4b01571b3d4cc6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sokolow, Susanne H.","contributorId":52503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sokolow","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70125465,"text":"70125465 - 2014 - A comprehensive analysis of small-passerine fatalities from collisions with turbines at wind energy facilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T10:49:07","indexId":"70125465","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-17T08:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive analysis of small-passerine fatalities from collisions with turbines at wind energy facilities","docAbstract":"Small passerines, sometimes referred to as perching birds or songbirds, are the most abundant bird group in the United States (US) and Canada, and the most common among bird fatalities caused by collision with turbines at wind energy facilities. We used data compiled from 39 studies conducted in the US and Canada to estimate the annual rate of small-bird fatalities. It was necessary for us to calculate estimates of small-bird fatality rates from reported all-bird rates for 30% of studies. The remaining 70% of studies provided data on small-bird fatalities. We then adjusted estimates to account for detection bias and loss of carcasses from scavenging. These studies represented about 15% of current operating capacity (megawatts [MW]) for all wind energy facilities in the US and Canada and provided information on 4,975 bird fatalities, of which we estimated 62.5% were small passerines comprising 156 species. For all wind energy facilities currently in operation, we estimated that about 134,000 to 230,000 small-passerine fatalities from collision with wind turbines occur annually, or 2.10 to 3.35 small birds/MW of installed capacity. When adjusted for species composition, this indicates that about 368,000 fatalities for all bird species are caused annually by collisions with wind turbines. Other human-related sources of bird deaths, (e.g., communication towers, buildings [including windows]), and domestic cats) have been estimated to kill millions to billions of birds each year. Compared to continent-wide population estimates, the cumulative mortality rate per year by species was highest for black-throated blue warbler and tree swallow; 0.043% of the entire population of each species was estimated to annually suffer mortality from collisions with turbines. For the eighteen species with the next highest values, this estimate ranged from 0.008% to 0.038%, much lower than rates attributed to collisions with communication towers (1.2% to 9.0% for top twenty species).","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0107491","usgsCitation":"Erickson, W.P., Wolfe, M.M., Bay, K.J., Johnson, D.H., and Gehring, J.L., 2014, A comprehensive analysis of small-passerine fatalities from collisions with turbines at wind energy facilities: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107491.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-048986","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107491","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294009,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107491"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.06,24.78 ], [ -125.06,52.06 ], [ -66.95,52.06 ], [ -66.95,24.78 ], [ -125.06,24.78 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541a9488e4b01571b3d4cc06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Wallace P.","contributorId":78627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, Melissa M.","contributorId":88290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bay, Kimberly J.","contributorId":55755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bay","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gehring, Joelle L.","contributorId":106821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehring","given":"Joelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70145284,"text":"70145284 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey 2013 assessment of undiscovered resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of the U.S. Williston Basin Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:42:29","indexId":"70145284","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-15T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2013 assessment of undiscovered resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of the U.S. Williston Basin Province","docAbstract":"<p>The Upper Devonian Three Forks and Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian Bakken Formations comprise a major United States continuous oil resource. Current exploitation of oil is from horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing of the Middle Member of the Bakken and upper Three Forks, with ongoing exploration of the lower Three Forks, and the Upper, Lower, and Pronghorn Members of the Bakken Formation. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated a mean of 3.65 billion bbl of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil resource within the Bakken Formation. The USGS recently reassessed the Bakken Formation, which included an assessment of the underlying Three Forks Formation. The Pronghorn Member of the Bakken Formation, where present, was included as part of the Three Forks assessment due to probable fluid communication between reservoirs. For the Bakken Formation, five continuous and one conventional assessment units (AUs) were defined. These AUs are modified from the 2008 AU boundaries to incorporate expanded geologic and production information. The Three Forks Formation was defined with one continuous and one conventional AU. Within the continuous AUs, optimal regions of hydrocarbon recovery, or &ldquo;sweet spots,&rdquo; were delineated and estimated ultimate recoveries were calculated for each continuous AU. Resulting undiscovered, technically recoverable resource estimates were 3.65 billion bbl for the five Bakken continuous oil AUs and 3.73 billion bbl for the Three Forks Continuous Oil AU, generating a total mean resource estimate of 7.38 billion bbl. The two conventional AUs are hypothetical and represent a negligible component of the total estimated resource (8 million barrels of oil).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/08131414051","usgsCitation":"Gaswirth, S., and Marra, K.R., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey 2013 assessment of undiscovered resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of the U.S. Williston Basin Province: AAPG Bulletin, v. 99, no. 4, p. 639-660, https://doi.org/10.1306/08131414051.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"660","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055559","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299404,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/08131414051"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffb8e4b027f0aee3d495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaswirth, Stephanie B. 0000-0001-5821-6347 sgaswirth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-6347","contributorId":140068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaswirth","given":"Stephanie B.","email":"sgaswirth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marra, Kristen R. 0000-0001-8027-5255 kmarra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8027-5255","contributorId":4844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marra","given":"Kristen","email":"kmarra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124919,"text":"70124919 - 2014 - Pesticides in U.S. streams and rivers: occurrence and trends during 1992-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:49:55","indexId":"70124919","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-12T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in U.S. streams and rivers: occurrence and trends during 1992-2011","docAbstract":"During the 20 years from 1992 to 2011, pesticides were found at concentrations that exceeded aquatic-life benchmarks in many rivers and streams that drain agricultural, urban, and mixed-land use watersheds. Overall, the proportions of assessed streams with one or more pesticides that exceeded an aquatic-life benchmark were very similar between the two decades for agricultural (69% during 1992−2001 compared to 61% during 2002−2011) and mixed-land-use streams (45% compared to 46%). Urban streams, in contrast, increased from 53% during 1992−2011 to 90% during 2002−2011, largely because of fipronil and dichlorvos. The potential for adverse effects on aquatic life is likely greater than these results indicate because potentially important pesticide compounds were not included in the assessment. Human-health benchmarks were much less frequently exceeded, and during 2002−2011, only one agricultural stream and no urban or mixed-land-use streams exceeded human-health benchmarks for any of the measured pesticides. Widespread trends in pesticide concentrations, some downward and some upward, occurred in response to shifts in use patterns primarily driven by regulatory changes and introductions of new pesticides.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es5025367","usgsCitation":"Stone, W.W., Gilliom, R.J., and Ryberg, K.R., 2014, Pesticides in U.S. streams and rivers: occurrence and trends during 1992-2011: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 19, p. 11025-11030, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5025367.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11025","endPage":"11030","numberOfPages":"6","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055809","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293799,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5025367"},{"id":293801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5413fd24e4b082fed288b8d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70124264,"text":"70124264 - 2014 - Evolutionary ecology of resprouting and seeding in fire-prone ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:32:15","indexId":"70124264","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-11T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolutionary ecology of resprouting and seeding in fire-prone ecosystems","docAbstract":"There are two broad mechanisms by which plant populations persist under recurrent disturbances: resprouting from surviving tissues, and seedling recruitment. Species can have one of these mechanisms or both. However, a coherent framework explaining the differential evolutionary pressures driving these regeneration mechanisms is lacking. We propose a bottom-up approach in addressing this question that considers the relative survivorship of adults and juveniles in an evolutionary context, based on two assumptions. First, resprouting and seeding can be interpreted by analogy with annual versus perennial life histories; that is, if we consider disturbance cycles to be analogous to annual cycles, then resprouting species are analogous to the perennial life history with iteroparous reproduction, and obligate seeding species that survive disturbances solely through seed banks are analogous to the annual life history with semelparous reproduction. Secondly, changes in the selective regimes differentially modify the survival rates of adults and juveniles and thus the relative costs and benefits of resprouting versus seeding. Our approach provides a framework for understanding temporal and spatial variation in resprouting and seeding under crown-fire regimes. It accounts for patterns of coexistence and environmental changes that contribute to the evolution of seeding from resprouting ancestors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Phytologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/nph.12921","usgsCitation":"Pausas, J.G., and Keeley, J.E., 2014, Evolutionary ecology of resprouting and seeding in fire-prone ecosystems: New Phytologist, v. 204, no. 1, p. 55-65, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12921.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-056456","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12921","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293643,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12921"}],"volume":"204","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412ab8de4b0239f1986b9e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":91347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70125285,"text":"70125285 - 2014 - Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T11:56:15","indexId":"70125285","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T10:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability","docAbstract":"Microbial community metabolism relies on external digestion, mediated by extracellular enzymes that break down complex organic matter into molecules small enough for cells to assimilate. We analyzed the kinetics of 40 extracellular enzymes that mediate the degradation and assimilation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus by diverse aquatic and terrestrial microbial communities (1160 cases). Regression analyses were conducted by habitat (aquatic and terrestrial), enzyme class (hydrolases and oxidoreductases) and assay methodology (low affinity and high affinity substrates) to relate potential reaction rates to substrate availability. Across enzyme classes and habitats, the scaling relationships between apparent V<sub>max</sub> and apparent K<sub>m</sub> followed similar power laws with exponents of 0.44 to 0.67. These exponents, called elasticities, were not statistically distinct from a central value of 0.50, which occurs when the K<sub>m</sub> of an enzyme equals substrate concentration, a condition optimal for maintenance of steady state. We also conducted an ecosystem scale analysis of ten extracellular hydrolase activities in relation to soil and sediment organic carbon (2,000–5,000 cases/enzyme) that yielded elasticities near 1.0 (0.9 ± 0.2, n = 36). At the metabolomic scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions is the proportionality constant that connects the C:N:P stoichiometries of organic matter and ecoenzymatic activities. At the ecosystem scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions shows that organic matter ultimately limits effective enzyme binding sites. Our findings suggest that one mechanism by which microbial communities maintain homeostasis is regulating extracellular enzyme expression to optimize the short-term responsiveness of substrate acquisition. The analyses also show that, like elemental stoichiometry, the fundamental attributes of enzymatic reactions can be extrapolated from biochemical to community and ecosystem scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y","usgsCitation":"Sinsabaugh, R.L., Belnap, J., Findlay, S.G., Follstad Shah, J.J., Hill, B.H., Kuehn, K., Kuske, C., Litvak, M.E., Martinez, N.G., Moorhead, D.L., and Warnock, D.D., 2014, Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability: Biogeochemistry, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-057992","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293866,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y"},{"id":293867,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10533-014-0030-y"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195132e4b091c7ffc8e689","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sinsabaugh, Robert L.","contributorId":33236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinsabaugh","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Findlay, Stuart G.","contributorId":21877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Follstad Shah, Jennifer J.","contributorId":100762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follstad Shah","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Brian H.","contributorId":11965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuehn, Kevin A.","contributorId":87870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"Kevin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kuske, Cheryl","contributorId":22262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuske","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Litvak, Marcy E.","contributorId":73932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvak","given":"Marcy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Martinez, Noelle G.","contributorId":79033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Noelle","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moorhead, Daryl L.","contributorId":104412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorhead","given":"Daryl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Warnock, Daniel D.","contributorId":93838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70124495,"text":"70124495 - 2014 - Two low coverage bird genomes and a comparison of reference-guided versus <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-12T15:28:11","indexId":"70124495","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-05T15:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two low coverage bird genomes and a comparison of reference-guided versus <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies","docAbstract":"As a greater number and diversity of high-quality vertebrate reference genomes become available, it is increasingly feasible to use these references to guide new draft assemblies for related species. Reference-guided assembly approaches may substantially increase the contiguity and completeness of a new genome using only low levels of genome coverage that might otherwise be insufficient for <i>de novo</i> genome assembly. We used low-coverage (~3.5–5.5x) Illumina paired-end sequencing to assemble draft genomes of two bird species (the Gunnison Sage-Grouse, <i>Centrocercus minimus</i>, and the Clark's Nutcracker, <i>Nucifraga columbiana</i>). We used these data to estimate <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies and reference-guided assemblies, and compared the information content and completeness of these assemblies by comparing CEGMA gene set representation, repeat element content, simple sequence repeat content, and GC isochore structure among assemblies. Our results demonstrate that even lower-coverage genome sequencing projects are capable of producing informative and useful genomic resources, particularly through the use of reference-guided assemblies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106649","usgsCitation":"Card, D., Schield, D., Reyes-Velasco, J., Fujita, M.K., Andrew, A., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J., Tomback, D.F., Ruggiero, R.P., and Castoe, T.A., 2014, Two low coverage bird genomes and a comparison of reference-guided versus <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, e106649; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106649.","productDescription":"e106649; 13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-055003","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106649","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293777,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106649"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b2de4b082fed288b9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Card, Daren C.","contributorId":89072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Card","given":"Daren C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schield, Drew R.","contributorId":24709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schield","given":"Drew R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo","contributorId":57387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes-Velasco","given":"Jacobo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujita, Matthre K.","contributorId":18291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"Matthre","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrew, Audra L.","contributorId":51670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrew","given":"Audra L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A.","contributorId":54468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tomback, Diana F.","contributorId":69427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomback","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ruggiero, Robert P.","contributorId":73127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Castoe, Todd A.","contributorId":23819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castoe","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70123449,"text":"70123449 - 2014 - Incorporating cold-air pooling into downscaled climate models increases potential refugia for snow-dependent species within the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T13:58:26","indexId":"70123449","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-04T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating cold-air pooling into downscaled climate models increases potential refugia for snow-dependent species within the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, CA","docAbstract":"We present a unique water-balance approach for modeling snowpack under historic, current and future climates throughout the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion. Our methodology uses a finer scale (270 m) than previous regional studies and incorporates cold-air pooling, an atmospheric process that sustains cooler temperatures in topographic depressions thereby mitigating snowmelt. Our results are intended to support management and conservation of snow-dependent species, which requires characterization of suitable habitat under current and future climates. We use the wolverine (<i>Gulo gulo</i>) as an example species and investigate potential habitat based on the depth and extent of spring snowpack within four National Park units with proposed wolverine reintroduction programs. Our estimates of change in spring snowpack conditions under current and future climates are consistent with recent studies that generally predict declining snowpack. However, model development at a finer scale and incorporation of cold-air pooling increased the persistence of April 1st snowpack. More specifically, incorporation of cold-air pooling into future climate projections increased April 1st snowpack by 6.5% when spatially averaged over the study region and the trajectory of declining April 1st snowpack reverses at mid-elevations where snow pack losses are mitigated by topographic shading and cold-air pooling. Under future climates with sustained or increased precipitation, our results indicate a high likelihood for the persistence of late spring snowpack at elevations above approximately 2,800 m and identify potential climate refugia sites for snow-dependent species at mid-elevations, where significant topographic shading and cold-air pooling potential exist.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106984","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., Lundquist, J., Hudgens, B., Boydston, E.E., and Young, J.K., 2014, Incorporating cold-air pooling into downscaled climate models increases potential refugia for snow-dependent species within the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, CA: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106984.","productDescription":"e0124729; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-052199","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293429,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106984"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.96,34.93 ], [ -122.96,42.58 ], [ -116.86,42.58 ], [ -116.86,34.93 ], [ -122.96,34.93 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54096eb1e4b03a5cfcdfafbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundquist, Jessica D.","contributorId":12792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"Jessica D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudgens, Brian","contributorId":34058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudgens","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Julie K.","contributorId":69473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70123324,"text":"70123324 - 2014 - Physiological condition of juvenile wading birds in relation to multiple landscape stressors in the Florida Everglades: effects of hydrology, prey availability, and mercury bioaccumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:48:36","indexId":"70123324","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-04T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological condition of juvenile wading birds in relation to multiple landscape stressors in the Florida Everglades: effects of hydrology, prey availability, and mercury bioaccumulation","docAbstract":"The physiological condition of juvenile birds can be influenced by multiple ecological stressors, and few studies have concurrently considered the effects of environmental contaminants in combination with ecological attributes that can influence foraging conditions and prey availability. Using three temporally distinct indices of physiological condition, we compared the physiological response of nestling great egrets (<i>Ardea alba</i>) and white ibises (<i>Eudocimus albus</i>) to changing prey availability, hydrology (water depth, recession rate), and mercury exposure in the Florida Everglades. We found that the physiological response of chicks varied between species and among environmental variables. Chick body condition (short-term index) and fecal corticosterone levels (medium-term) were influenced by wetland water depth, prey availability, region, and age, but not by mercury contamination. However, mercury exposure did influence heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in egret chicks, indicating a longer-term physiological response to contamination. Our results indicate that the physiological condition of egret and ibis chicks were influenced by several environmental stressors, and the time frame of the effect may depend on the specialized foraging behavior of the adults provisioning the chicks.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106447","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Gawlik, D.E., Beerens, J., and Ackerman, J., 2014, Physiological condition of juvenile wading birds in relation to multiple landscape stressors in the Florida Everglades: effects of hydrology, prey availability, and mercury bioaccumulation: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106447.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056103","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293341,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106447"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.46309,26.471496 ], [ -80.46309,26.527636 ], [ -80.208971,26.527636 ], [ -80.208971,26.471496 ], [ -80.46309,26.471496 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a66b5e4b01535cb427298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gawlik, Dale E.","contributorId":88055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawlik","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beerens, James M. 0000-0001-8143-916X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":25440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beerens","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70136378,"text":"70136378 - 2014 - Ecological risks of shale oil and gas development to wildlife, aquatic resources and their habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-31T14:50:15","indexId":"70136378","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological risks of shale oil and gas development to wildlife, aquatic resources and their habitats","docAbstract":"<p><span>Technological advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have led to the exploration and exploitation of shale oil and gas both nationally and internationally. Extensive development of shale resources has occurred within the United States over the past decade, yet full build out is not expected to occur for years. Moreover, countries across the globe have large shale resources and are beginning to explore extraction of these resources. Extraction of shale resources is a multistep process that includes site identification, well pad and infrastructure development, well drilling, high-volume hydraulic fracturing and production; each with its own propensity to affect associated ecosystems. Some potential effects, for example from well pad, road and pipeline development, will likely be similar to other anthropogenic activities like conventional gas drilling, land clearing, exurban and agricultural development and surface mining (e.g., habitat fragmentation and sedimentation). Therefore, we can use the large body of literature available on the ecological effects of these activities to estimate potential effects from shale development on nearby ecosystems. However, other effects, such as accidental release of wastewaters, are novel to the shale gas extraction process making it harder to predict potential outcomes. Here, we review current knowledge of the effects of high-volume hydraulic fracturing coupled with horizontal drilling on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the contiguous United States, an area that includes 20 shale plays many of which have experienced extensive development over the past decade. We conclude that species and habitats most at risk are ones where there is an extensive overlap between a species range or habitat type and one of the shale plays (leading to high vulnerability) coupled with intrinsic characteristics such as limited range, small population size, specialized habitat requirements, and high sensitivity to disturbance. Examples include core forest habitat and forest specialists, sagebrush habitat and specialists, vernal pond inhabitants and stream biota. We suggest five general areas of research and monitoring that could aid in development of effective guidelines and policies to minimize negative impacts and protect vulnerable species and ecosystems: (1) spatial analyses, (2) species-based modeling, (3) vulnerability assessments, (4) ecoregional assessments, and (5) threshold and toxicity evaluations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es5020482","usgsCitation":"Brittingham, M.C., Maloney, K.O., Farag, A.M., Harper, D.D., and Bowen, Z.H., 2014, Ecological risks of shale oil and gas development to wildlife, aquatic resources and their habitats: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 19, p. 11034-11047, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5020482.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11034","endPage":"11047","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056772","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b86e4b08de9379b33d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brittingham, Margaret C.","contributorId":131143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brittingham","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harper, David D. 0000-0001-7061-8461 david_harper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-8461","contributorId":1140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David","email":"david_harper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70122113,"text":"70122113 - 2014 - Use of oviduct-inserted acoustic transmitters and positional telemetry to estimate timing and location of spawning: a feasibility study in lake trout, <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-03T16:03:29","indexId":"70122113","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T15:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of oviduct-inserted acoustic transmitters and positional telemetry to estimate timing and location of spawning: a feasibility study in lake trout, <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Background</p>\n<p>Oviduct-inserted transmitters have shown promise for determining precise location of spawning in fishes. Use of traditional manual tracking to locate expelled oviduct transmitters is laborious and accurate estimates of time of transmitter expulsion require frequent surveys. We tested the feasibility of using oviduct-inserted transmitters with positional telemetry to estimate time and location of spawning in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Three assumptions were tested: (1) oviduct transmitters remain within fish until spawning, (2) oviduct transmitters are expelled with the eggs during spawning, and (3) time and location of oviduct transmitter expulsion can be accurately determined.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Results</p>\n<p>In the laboratory, 39 of 44 (89%) lake trout retained an oviduct transmitter until end of the spawning period and all premature transmitter expulsions occurred before maturation. Natural spawning in the laboratory was not feasible; however, of 35 ripe trout that retained transmitters, 31 (89%) expelled their transmitter with eggs when subjected to manual stripping. Ability to position transmitters with a telemetry array at known spawning sites in Lake Huron (North America) was poor when oviduct transmitters were placed in the substrate compared to transmitters suspended 1 m above substrate - 78% of transmitters in substrate could not be positioned. However, in simulations, time and location of spawning were determined with reasonable accuracy by double-tagging trout with one transmitter that is expelled with the eggs during spawning while another transmitter remains in the fish. Accuracy of estimated time and location of transmitter spatial separation varied with distance traveled from spawning site and swimming speed, and was dependent on transmission delay.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Conclusions</p>\n<p>Our results satisfied the three assumptions of oviduct tagging and suggested that oviduct transmitters can be used with positional telemetry to estimate time and location of spawning in lake trout and other species. In situations where oviduct transmitters may be difficult to position once expelled into substrate, pairing oviduct transmitters with a normal-sized fish transmitter that remains in the fish is recommended, with spawning inferred when the two tags separate in space. Optimal transmitter delay will depend on expected degree of spawning site residency and swim speed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Biotelemetry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/2050-3385-2-14","usgsCitation":"Binder, T., Holbrook, C., Miehls, S.M., Thompson, H.T., and Krueger, C., 2014, Use of oviduct-inserted acoustic transmitters and positional telemetry to estimate timing and location of spawning: a feasibility study in lake trout, <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 2, no. 1, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-3385-2-14.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-057240","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-3385-2-14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294947,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2050-3385-2-14"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542fbab5e4b092f17df61e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Binder, Thomas R.","contributorId":21093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":4198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher M.","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miehls, Scott M. 0000-0002-5546-1854 smiehls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-1854","contributorId":5007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miehls","given":"Scott","email":"smiehls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Henry T. 0000-0002-3730-9322 hthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-9322","contributorId":5028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Henry","email":"hthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":73131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70128740,"text":"70128740 - 2014 - Soil resources influence vegetation and response to fire and fire-surrogate treatments in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:35:18","indexId":"70128740","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T13:23:16","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil resources influence vegetation and response to fire and fire-surrogate treatments in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems","docAbstract":"Current paradigm suggests that spatial and temporal competition for resources limit an exotic invader, cheatgrass (<i>Bromus tectorum</i> L.), which once established, alters fire regimes and can result in annual grass dominance in sagebrush steppe. Prescribed fire and fire surrogate treatments (mowing, tebuthiuron, and imazapic) are used to reduce woody fuels and increase resistance to exotic annuals, but may alter resource availability and inadvertently favor invasive species. We used four study sites within the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) to evaluate 1) how vegetation and soil resources were affected by treatment, and 2) how soil resources influenced native herbaceous perennial and exotic annual grass cover before and following treatment. Treatments increased resin exchangeable NH4<sup>+</sup>, NO3<sup>−</sup>, H2PO4<sup>−</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup>, with the largest increases caused by prescribed fire and prolonged by application of imazapic. Burning with imazapic application also increased the number of wet growing degree days. Tebuthiuron and imazapic reduced exotic annual grass cover, but imazapic also reduced herbaceous perennial cover when used with prescribed fire. Native perennial herbaceous species cover was higher where mean annual precipitation and soil water resources were relatively high. Exotic annual grass cover was higher where resin exchangeable H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> was high and gaps between perennial plants were large. Prescribed fire, mowing, and tebuthiuron were successful at increasing perennial herbaceous cover, but the results were often ephemeral and inconsistent among sites. Locations with sandy soil, low mean annual precipitation, or low soil water holding capacity were more likely to experience increased exotic annual grass cover after treatment, and treatments that result in slow release of resources are needed on these sites. This is one of few studies that correlate abiotic variables to native and exotic species cover across a broad geographic setting, and that demonstrates how soil resources potentially influence the outcome of management treatments.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Lakewood, CO","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-14-00027.1","usgsCitation":"Rau, B.M., Chambers, J.C., Pyke, D.A., Roundy, B.A., Schupp, E., Doescher, P., and Caldwell, T., 2014, Soil resources influence vegetation and response to fire and fire-surrogate treatments in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 67, no. 5, p. 506-521, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-14-00027.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"521","ipdsId":"IP-057427","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-14-00027.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b31e4b0fd76af69cf34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rau, Benjamin M.","contributorId":105247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rau","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":92186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roundy, Bruce A.","contributorId":95824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roundy","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":83455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doescher, Paul","contributorId":60973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Caldwell, Todd G.","contributorId":34449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Todd G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70157132,"text":"70157132 - 2014 - Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T10:32:31","indexId":"70157132","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The stratigraphic distributions of ostracodes and selected calcareous benthic and planktic foraminiferal species were studied in sediment cores from ~&nbsp;700 to 2700&nbsp;m water depth on the Northwind, Mendeleev, and Lomonosov Ridges in the western Arctic Ocean. Microfaunal records in most cores cover mid- to late Quaternary sediments deposited in the last ~&nbsp;600&nbsp;ka, with one record covering the last ~&nbsp;1.5&nbsp;Ma. Results show a progressive faunal turnover during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT, ~&nbsp;1.2 to 0.7&nbsp;Ma) and around the mid-Brunhes event (MBE, ~&nbsp;0.4&nbsp;Ma) reflecting major changes in Arctic Ocean temperature, circulation and sea-ice cover. The observed MPT shift is characterized by the extinction of species that today inhabit the sea-ice free subpolar North Atlantic and/or seasonally sea-ice free Nordic Seas (</span><i>Echinocythereis</i><span>&nbsp;sp.,&nbsp;</span><i>Rockallia</i><span>cf.&nbsp;</span><i>enigmatica</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Krithe</i><span>&nbsp;cf.&nbsp;</span><i>aquilonia</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Pterygocythereis vannieuwenhuisei</i><span>). After a very warm interglacial during marine isotope stage (MIS) 11 dominated by the temperate planktic foraminifer&nbsp;</span><i>Turborotalita egelida</i><span>, the MBE experienced a shift to polar assemblages characteristic of predominantly perennial Arctic sea-ice cover during the interglacial and interstadial periods of the last 300&nbsp;ka. These include the planktic foraminifera&nbsp;</span><i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i><span>, the sea-ice dwelling ostracode</span><i>Acetabulastoma arcticum</i><span>&nbsp;and associated benthic taxa&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudocythere caudata</i><span>,</span><i>Pedicythere neofluitans</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Polycope</i><span>&nbsp;spp. Several species can be used as biostratigraphic markers of specific intervals such as ostracodes&nbsp;</span><i>Rabilimis mirabilis</i><span>&nbsp;&mdash; MIS 5 and&nbsp;</span><i>P. vannieuwenhuisei</i><span>&nbsp;extinction after MIS 11, and foraminiferal abundance zones&nbsp;</span><i>Bulimina aculeata</i><span>&nbsp;&mdash; late MIS 5 and&nbsp;</span><i>Bolivina arctica</i><span>&nbsp;&mdash; MIS 5-11.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.05.001","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., DeNinno, L.H., Polyak, L., Caverly, E.K., Poore, R.Z., Brenner, A.R., Rodriguez-Lazaro, J., and Marzen, R., 2014, Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 111, p. 118-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.05.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054506","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15831e4b0dacf699eb972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeNinno, Lauren H. ldeninno@usgs.gov","contributorId":5312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeNinno","given":"Lauren","email":"ldeninno@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Polyak, L.V.","contributorId":64819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caverly, Emma K. ecaverly@usgs.gov","contributorId":5314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caverly","given":"Emma","email":"ecaverly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":147454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brenner, Alec R. abrenner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Alec","email":"abrenner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.","contributorId":92002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Lazaro","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marzen, R.E.","contributorId":147455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzen","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7173,"text":"Rice University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70131503,"text":"70131503 - 2014 - Use of isotopic sulfur to determine whitebark pine consumption by Yellowstone bears: a reassessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T11:00:33","indexId":"70131503","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of isotopic sulfur to determine whitebark pine consumption by Yellowstone bears: a reassessment","docAbstract":"<p>Use of naturally occurring stable isotopes to estimate assimilated diet of bears is one of the single greatest breakthroughs in nutritional ecology during the past 20 years. Previous research in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), USA, established a positive relationship between the stable isotope of sulfur (&delta;<sup>34</sup>S) and consumption of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds. That work combined a limited sample of hair, blood clots, and serum. Here we use a much larger sample to reassess those findings. We contrasted &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in spring hair and serum with abundance of seeds of whitebark pine in samples collected from grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) in the GYE during 2000&ndash;2010. Although we found a positive relationship between &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in spring hair and pine seed abundance for grizzly bears, the coefficients of determination were small (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>&thinsp;&le;&thinsp;0.097); we failed to find a similar relationship with black bears. Values of &delta;<sup>34</sup>S in spring hair were larger in black bears and &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in serum of grizzly bears were lowest in September and October, a time when we expect &delta;<sup>34</sup>S to peak if whitebark pine seeds were the sole source of high &delta;<sup>34</sup>S. The relationship between &delta;<sup>34</sup>S in bear tissue and the consumption of whitebark pine seeds, as originally reported, may not be as clean a method as proposed. Data we present here suggest other foods have high values of &delta;<sup>34</sup>S, and there is spatial heterogeneity affecting the &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in whitebark pine, which must be addressed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C.C., Teisberg, J.E., Fortin, J.K., Haroldson, M.A., Servheen, C., Robbins, C.T., and van Manen, F.T., 2014, Use of isotopic sulfur to determine whitebark pine consumption by Yellowstone bears: a reassessment: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 3, p. 664-670.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"664","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051617","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.426/abstract"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d63fe4b04d4b7dbd66d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teisberg, Justin E.","contributorId":124582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teisberg","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fortin, Jennifer K.","contributorId":124583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fortin","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Servheen, Christopher","contributorId":124584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servheen","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":124585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70137967,"text":"70137967 - 2014 - Cross-scale assessment of potential habitat shifts in a rapidly changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-14T15:42:57","indexId":"70137967","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-scale assessment of potential habitat shifts in a rapidly changing climate","docAbstract":"<p><span>We assessed the ability of climatic, environmental, and anthropogenic variables to predict areas of high-risk for plant invasion and consider the relative importance and contribution of these predictor variables by considering two spatial scales in a region of rapidly changing climate. We created predictive distribution models, using Maxent, for three highly invasive plant species (Canada thistle, white sweetclover, and reed canarygrass) in Alaska at both a regional scale and a local scale. Regional scale models encompassed southern coastal Alaska and were developed from topographic and climatic data at a 2&nbsp;km (1.2&nbsp;mi) spatial resolution. Models were applied to future climate (2030). Local scale models were spatially nested within the regional area; these models incorporated physiographic and anthropogenic variables at a 30&nbsp;m (98.4&nbsp;ft) resolution. Regional and local models performed well (AUC values &gt; 0.7), with the exception of one species at each spatial scale. Regional models predict an increase in area of suitable habitat for all species by 2030 with a general shift to higher elevation areas; however, the distribution of each species was driven by different climate and topographical variables. In contrast local models indicate that distance to right-of-ways and elevation are associated with habitat suitability for all three species at this spatial level. Combining results from regional models, capturing long-term distribution, and local models, capturing near-term establishment and distribution, offers a new and effective tool for highlighting at-risk areas and provides insight on how variables acting at different scales contribute to suitability predictions. The combinations also provides easy comparison, highlighting agreement between the two scales, where long-term distribution factors predict suitability while near-term do not and vice versa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00071.1","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Holcombe, T.R., Bell, E., Carlson, M.L., Graziano, G., Lamb, M., Seefeldt, S.S., and Morisette, J.T., 2014, Cross-scale assessment of potential habitat shifts in a rapidly changing climate: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 7, no. 3, p. 491-502, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00071.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054976","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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,{"id":70169225,"text":"70169225 - 2014 - Uncertainty in the fate of soil organic carbon: A comparison of three conceptually different soil decomposition models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T13:53:34","indexId":"70169225","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in the fate of soil organic carbon: A comparison of three conceptually different soil decomposition models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conventional Q10 soil organic matter decomposition models and more complex microbial models are available for making projections of future soil carbon dynamics. However, it is unclear (1) how well the conceptually different approaches can simulate observed decomposition and (2) to what extent the trajectories of long-term simulations differ when using the different approaches. In this study, we compared three structurally different soil carbon (C) decomposition models (one Q10 and two microbial models of different complexity), each with a one- and two-horizon version. The models were calibrated and validated using 4 years of measurements of heterotrophic soil CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;efflux from trenched plots in a Dahurian larch (</span><i>Larix gmelinii</i><span>&nbsp;Rupr.) plantation. All models reproduced the observed heterotrophic component of soil CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;efflux, but the trajectories of soil carbon dynamics differed substantially in 100 year simulations with and without warming and increased litterfall input, with microbial models that produced better agreement with observed changes in soil organic C in long-term warming experiments. Our results also suggest that both constant and varying carbon use efficiency are plausible when modeling future decomposition dynamics and that the use of a short-term (e.g., a few years) period of measurement is insufficient to adequately constrain model parameters that represent long-term responses of microbial thermal adaption. These results highlight the need to reframe the representation of decomposition models and to constrain parameters with long-term observations and multiple data streams. We urge caution in interpreting future soil carbon responses derived from existing decomposition models because both conceptual and parameter uncertainties are substantial.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002701","usgsCitation":"He, Y., Yang, J., Zhuang, Q., McGuire, A.D., Zhu, Q., Liu, Y., and Teskey, R.O., 2014, Uncertainty in the fate of soil organic carbon: A comparison of three conceptually different soil decomposition models: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 9, p. 1892-1905, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002701.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1892","endPage":"1905","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055662","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fd4e4b0f59b85e1ebfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Yujie","contributorId":32444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Yujie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Jinyan","contributorId":166929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Jinyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhuang, Qianlai","contributorId":101975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Qianlai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. 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