Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Rhode Island, elevation data are critical for flood risk management, natural resources conservation, coastal zone management, sea level rise and subsidence, agriculture and precision farming, and other business uses. Today, high-quality light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the sources for creating elevation models and other elevation datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data, on a national basis, that are (on average) 30 years old and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative (Snyder, 2012a,b), managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other three-dimensional representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133040","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2013, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3040, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133040.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133040.png"},{"id":276652,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3040/pdf/fs2013-3040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"306 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":276651,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3040/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-71.383586,41.464782],[-71.389284,41.460605],[-71.390275,41.455043],[-71.399568,41.448596],[-71.40056,41.46094],[-71.395927,41.492215],[-71.386511,41.493071],[-71.378914,41.504948],[-71.391005,41.514578],[-71.392137,41.524468],[-71.384478,41.556736],[-71.379021,41.567772],[-71.373618,41.573214],[-71.370194,41.573963],[-71.36356,41.57086],[-71.359868,41.556308],[-71.363292,41.501952],[-71.360403,41.483121],[-71.380947,41.474561],[-71.383586,41.464782]]],[[[-71.326769,41.491286],[-71.325365,41.487601],[-71.327822,41.482985],[-71.343013,41.495615],[-71.341122,41.498598],[-71.326769,41.491286]]],[[[-71.140588,41.605102],[-71.138599,41.60347],[-71.137492,41.602561],[-71.131618,41.593918],[-71.131312,41.592308],[-71.1224,41.522156],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.136867,41.493942],[-71.141093,41.489937],[-71.140224,41.485855],[-71.167345,41.471405],[-71.170131,41.463974],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.194967,41.459037],[-71.196857,41.461116],[-71.196607,41.464756],[-71.190016,41.478275],[-71.190167,41.484285],[-71.19939,41.491769],[-71.199692,41.495511],[-71.206382,41.499215],[-71.200788,41.514371],[-71.213563,41.545818],[-71.20865,41.571028],[-71.20778,41.60066],[-71.212656,41.610072],[-71.212417,41.61829],[-71.212004,41.62299],[-71.21616,41.62549],[-71.240709,41.619225],[-71.2436,41.587508],[-71.23613,41.574767],[-71.236642,41.535852],[-71.234775,41.532538],[-71.227989,41.528297],[-71.229444,41.521544],[-71.240614,41.500557],[-71.238586,41.486845],[-71.237175,41.486546],[-71.236751,41.483369],[-71.24071,41.474872],[-71.246703,41.47196],[-71.245992,41.481302],[-71.252692,41.485902],[-71.264793,41.488902],[-71.285639,41.487805],[-71.295111,41.48435],[-71.304394,41.454502],[-71.311394,41.450802],[-71.312694,41.451402],[-71.312718,41.454597],[-71.32141,41.4556],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.351096,41.450802],[-71.362743,41.460379],[-71.36152,41.464831],[-71.34707,41.47123],[-71.335992,41.469647],[-71.316519,41.47756],[-71.317414,41.488776],[-71.323125,41.503088],[-71.327804,41.504258],[-71.330694,41.507699],[-71.330831,41.518364],[-71.313079,41.534672],[-71.310533,41.54692],[-71.303652,41.559925],[-71.294363,41.571416],[-71.288376,41.573274],[-71.285142,41.577127],[-71.273445,41.60699],[-71.272412,41.615041],[-71.275234,41.619444],[-71.271862,41.623986],[-71.251082,41.63878],[-71.212136,41.641945],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.194384,41.674803],[-71.191178,41.674216],[-71.191175,41.674292],[-71.18129,41.672502],[-71.17599,41.671402],[-71.17609,41.668502],[-71.17609,41.668102],[-71.153989,41.664102],[-71.14587,41.662795],[-71.135188,41.660502],[-71.134688,41.660502],[-71.132888,41.660102],[-71.13267,41.658744],[-71.134478,41.641262],[-71.134484,41.641198],[-71.135688,41.628402],[-71.140468,41.623893],[-71.141509,41.616076],[-71.14091,41.607405],[-71.140588,41.605102]]],[[[-71.3312,41.580318],[-71.335949,41.585898],[-71.337048,41.594688],[-71.333751,41.605859],[-71.329559,41.609097],[-71.326609,41.616114],[-71.325877,41.623988],[-71.333305,41.629536],[-71.34657,41.632229],[-71.362869,41.651457],[-71.366165,41.66098],[-71.348402,41.663727],[-71.338696,41.658782],[-71.336182,41.647961],[-71.337048,41.646146],[-71.342514,41.644791],[-71.343666,41.6399],[-71.330711,41.632992],[-71.314889,41.630398],[-71.30555,41.622523],[-71.303352,41.606591],[-71.307381,41.597984],[-71.317474,41.583187],[-71.326103,41.578583],[-71.3312,41.580318]]],[[[-71.281571,41.648207],[-71.278171,41.647309],[-71.274315,41.638125],[-71.283791,41.637797],[-71.286755,41.642725],[-71.283005,41.644434],[-71.281571,41.648207]]],[[[-71.58955,41.196557],[-71.580228,41.204837],[-71.577301,41.21471],[-71.576661,41.224434],[-71.573785,41.228436],[-71.561093,41.224207],[-71.555006,41.216822],[-71.554067,41.212957],[-71.557459,41.204542],[-71.564119,41.195372],[-71.565752,41.184373],[-71.560969,41.176186],[-71.550226,41.166787],[-71.544446,41.164912],[-71.543872,41.161321],[-71.547051,41.153684],[-71.551953,41.151718],[-71.5937,41.146339],[-71.599993,41.146932],[-71.611706,41.153239],[-71.613133,41.160281],[-71.605565,41.182139],[-71.594994,41.188392],[-71.58955,41.196557]]],[[[-71.797649,41.928556],[-71.797922,41.935395],[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.76601,42.009745],[-71.576908,42.014098],[-71.559439,42.014342],[-71.527606,42.014998],[-71.527306,42.015098],[-71.500905,42.017098],[-71.499905,42.017198],[-71.498258,42.01722],[-71.458104,42.017762],[-71.381401,42.018798],[-71.381466,41.984998],[-71.381501,41.966699],[-71.381401,41.964799],[-71.3816,41.922899],[-71.3817,41.922699],[-71.3817,41.893199],[-71.3766,41.893999],[-71.373799,41.894399],[-71.370999,41.894599],[-71.365399,41.895299],[-71.364699,41.895399],[-71.362499,41.895599],[-71.354699,41.896499],[-71.352699,41.896699],[-71.338698,41.898399],[-71.339298,41.893599],[-71.339298,41.893399],[-71.340798,41.8816],[-71.333997,41.8623],[-71.342198,41.8448],[-71.341797,41.8437],[-71.335197,41.8355],[-71.337597,41.8337],[-71.339597,41.832],[-71.344897,41.828],[-71.347197,41.8231],[-71.339197,41.809],[-71.338897,41.8083],[-71.339297,41.8065],[-71.339297,41.8044],[-71.340797,41.8002],[-71.340697,41.7983],[-71.339297,41.7963],[-71.335797,41.7948],[-71.333896,41.7945],[-71.332196,41.7923],[-71.329296,41.7868],[-71.329396,41.7826],[-71.327896,41.780501],[-71.317795,41.776101],[-71.31779,41.776099],[-71.261392,41.752301],[-71.225709,41.711603],[-71.224798,41.710498],[-71.227875,41.705498],[-71.240991,41.697744],[-71.237635,41.681635],[-71.24155,41.667205],[-71.25956,41.642595],[-71.267055,41.644945],[-71.270075,41.652439],[-71.26918,41.6549],[-71.280366,41.672575],[-71.287637,41.672463],[-71.290546,41.662395],[-71.299159,41.649531],[-71.301396,41.649978],[-71.303746,41.654788],[-71.306095,41.672575],[-71.302627,41.681747],[-71.298935,41.681524],[-71.293119,41.688347],[-71.291217,41.702666],[-71.305759,41.718662],[-71.31482,41.723808],[-71.342786,41.728506],[-71.350057,41.727835],[-71.353172,41.725191],[-71.353748,41.724702],[-71.365717,41.711615],[-71.365717,41.694947],[-71.372988,41.672575],[-71.37791,41.666646],[-71.382049,41.667317],[-71.38988,41.671903],[-71.390775,41.680629],[-71.389432,41.683425],[-71.390551,41.684096],[-71.418069,41.684208],[-71.441336,41.686446],[-71.443082,41.688303],[-71.441896,41.690025],[-71.445923,41.691144],[-71.449318,41.687401],[-71.444468,41.664409],[-71.430038,41.667541],[-71.425452,41.670785],[-71.409302,41.662643],[-71.408636,41.653819],[-71.40377,41.589321],[-71.447712,41.5804],[-71.442567,41.565075],[-71.421649,41.537892],[-71.417398,41.534536],[-71.414825,41.523126],[-71.414937,41.516303],[-71.421425,41.498629],[-71.419971,41.484758],[-71.417957,41.482073],[-71.417621,41.477934],[-71.418404,41.472652],[-71.421157,41.469888],[-71.422991,41.472682],[-71.430744,41.470636],[-71.430926,41.465655],[-71.427935,41.459529],[-71.428652,41.454158],[-71.433612,41.444995],[-71.43767,41.441302],[-71.441199,41.441602],[-71.448948,41.438479],[-71.455845,41.432986],[-71.455371,41.407962],[-71.474918,41.386104],[-71.483295,41.371722],[-71.513401,41.374702],[-71.526724,41.376636],[-71.555381,41.373316],[-71.624505,41.36087],[-71.68807,41.342823],[-71.701631,41.336968],[-71.72074,41.331567],[-71.773702,41.327977],[-71.785957,41.325739],[-71.833755,41.315631],[-71.857432,41.306318],[-71.862772,41.309791],[-71.862109,41.316612],[-71.860513,41.320248],[-71.839013,41.334042],[-71.829595,41.344544],[-71.835951,41.353935],[-71.837738,41.363529],[-71.831613,41.370899],[-71.833443,41.384524],[-71.842131,41.395359],[-71.843472,41.40583],[-71.842563,41.409855],[-71.839649,41.412119],[-71.81839,41.419599],[-71.797683,41.416709],[-71.789359,41.596852],[-71.789356,41.59691],[-71.787637,41.639917],[-71.786994,41.655992],[-71.789672,41.724569],[-71.789678,41.724734],[-71.791062,41.770273],[-71.792767,41.807001],[-71.792786,41.80867],[-71.794161,41.840141],[-71.794161,41.841101],[-71.797649,41.928556]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rhode Island\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea5ae4b08494c3cb05b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047628,"text":"ds789 - 2013 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T16:51:18","indexId":"ds789","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T12:04:31","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"789","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2012","docAbstract":"Between January 1 and December 31, 2012, the Alaska Volcano Observatory located 4,787 earthquakes, of which 4,211 occurred within 20 kilometers of the 33 volcanoes monitored by a seismograph network. There was significant seismic activity at Iliamna, Kanaga, and Little Sitkin volcanoes in 2012. Instrumentation highlights for this year include the implementation of the Advanced National Seismic System Quake Monitoring System hardware and software in February 2012 and the continuation of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act work in the summer of 2012. The operational highlight was the removal of Mount Wrangell from the list of monitored volcanoes. This catalog includes hypocenters, magnitudes, and statistics of the earthquakes located in 2012 with the station parameters, velocity models, and other files used to locate these earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds789","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., Haney, M.M., Parker, T., Searcy, C., and Prejean, S., 2013, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 789, Report: iv, 84 p.; Zip file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds789.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 84 p.; Zip file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds789.JPG"},{"id":276637,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/789/2012_AVO_Seismic_Catalog.zip","text":"Seismic Catalog","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Seismic Catalog"},{"id":276636,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/789/pdf/ds789.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":276635,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/789/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.82373046875,\n 50.86491125522503\n ],\n [\n -182.120361328125,\n 52.09975692575725\n ],\n [\n -170.33203125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 66.26685631430843\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -153.8525390625,\n 53.69670647530323\n ],\n [\n -181.82373046875,\n 50.86491125522503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea57e4b08494c3cb05ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. mhaney@usgs.gov","contributorId":2943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, Tom","contributorId":13520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Searcy, Cheryl 0000-0002-9474-5745 csearcy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-5745","contributorId":4039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searcy","given":"Cheryl","email":"csearcy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie","contributorId":61916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047617,"text":"70047617 - 2013 - Some like it hot, some not!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-15T09:08:35","indexId":"70047617","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some like it hot, some not!","docAbstract":"Dryland ecosystems cover over 40% of Earth's terrestrial landmass (1). Biocrusts—soil communities consisting of cyanobacteria, mosses, and lichens—can cover up to 70% of the ground in these ecosystems (see the figure, panel A) (2). The crucial role played by these and other very small organisms in nutrient, carbon, and water cycles has become increasingly clear in the past few decades (2, 3). Soil stability and the composition and performance of vascular plant communities also depend on biocrust health and activity. Yet, little is known about the identity, biology, ecophysiology, or distribution of the microbial components that dominate biocrusts (4, 5). Data are also needed to understand how they will respond to climate change. On page 1574 of this issue, Garcia-Pichel et al. (6) take a first step in filling this data gap.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1240318","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2013, Some like it hot, some not!: Science, v. 340, no. 6140, p. 1533-1534, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1240318.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1534","ipdsId":"IP-046081","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276619,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1240318"}],"volume":"340","issue":"6140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea59e4b08494c3cb05b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047618,"text":"70047618 - 2013 - Nest guarding by female Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-15T08:29:15","indexId":"70047618","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T08:14:49","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest guarding by female Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"We observed behavior consistent with nest-guarding in Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at two nests in a large wind-energy-generation facility near Palm Springs, California, locally known as the Mesa Wind Farm. As researchers approached the nests, female desert tortoises moved to the entrance of their burrows and positioned themselves sideways, directly over their nests. One female stretched her limbs outward and wedged herself into the burrow (her plastron directly above the nest). Guarding of nests is rarely observed in Agassiz's desert tortoise but can occur as a result of attempted predation on eggs by Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum) or in direct response to the perceived threat posed by researchers. This is the first report of nest-guarding for G. agassizii in the Sonoran Desert ecosystem of California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.254","usgsCitation":"Agha, M., Lovich, J.E., Ennen, J., and Wilcox, E., 2013, Nest guarding by female Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 58, no. 2, p. 254-257, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.254.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"257","ipdsId":"IP-033411","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276620,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.254"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.684848,33.611126 ], [ -116.684848,33.932139 ], [ -116.443046,33.932139 ], [ -116.443046,33.611126 ], [ -116.684848,33.611126 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea58e4b08494c3cb05af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, Ethan","contributorId":103957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Ethan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047615,"text":"70047615 - 2013 - An automated cross-correlation based event detection technique and its application to surface passive data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-15T08:05:45","indexId":"70047615","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1806,"text":"Geophysical Prospecting","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated cross-correlation based event detection technique and its application to surface passive data set","docAbstract":"In studies on heavy oil, shale reservoirs, tight gas and enhanced geothermal systems, the use of surface passive seismic data to monitor induced microseismicity due to the fluid flow in the subsurface is becoming more common. However, in most studies passive seismic records contain days and months of data and manually analysing the data can be expensive and inaccurate. Moreover, in the presence of noise, detecting the arrival of weak microseismic events becomes challenging. Hence, the use of an automated, accurate and computationally fast technique for event detection in passive seismic data is essential. The conventional automatic event identification algorithm computes a running-window energy ratio of the short-term average to the long-term average of the passive seismic data for each trace. We show that for the common case of a low signal-to-noise ratio in surface passive records, the conventional method is not sufficiently effective at event identification. Here, we extend the conventional algorithm by introducing a technique that is based on the cross-correlation of the energy ratios computed by the conventional method. With our technique we can measure the similarities amongst the computed energy ratios at different traces. Our approach is successful at improving the detectability of events with a low signal-to-noise ratio that are not detectable with the conventional algorithm. Also, our algorithm has the advantage to identify if an event is common to all stations (a regional event) or to a limited number of stations (a local event). We provide examples of applying our technique to synthetic data and a field surface passive data set recorded at a geothermal site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Prospecting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.12033","usgsCitation":"Forghani-Arani, F., Behura, J., Haines, S.S., and Batzle, M., 2013, An automated cross-correlation based event detection technique and its application to surface passive data set: Geophysical Prospecting, v. 61, no. 4, p. 778-787, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12033.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"787","ipdsId":"IP-030871","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276615,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12033"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea4fe4b08494c3cb05a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forghani-Arani, Farnoush","contributorId":7588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forghani-Arani","given":"Farnoush","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behura, Jyoti","contributorId":103948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behura","given":"Jyoti","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batzle, Mike","contributorId":102766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batzle","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047611,"text":"sir20135130 - 2013 - Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-14T14:54:30","indexId":"sir20135130","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T14:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5130","title":"Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011","docAbstract":"The aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas and the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas are sources of water for industrial, public supply, domestic, and agricultural uses. Potentiometric-surface maps were constructed from water-level measurements made in 47 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 45 wells completed in the Tokio Formation during February and March 2011. Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation are hereafter referred to as the Nacatoch aquifer and the Tokio aquifer, respectively. The direction of groundwater flow in the Nacatoch aquifer in southwestern Arkansas is towards the southeast in Hempstead, Little River, and Miller Counties and east-southeast in Clark and Nevada Counties. A potentiometric high is located within the outcrop area of north-central Hempstead County. Two cones of depression exist in the Nacatoch aquifer, one at Hope in southeastern Hempstead County and one in Clark County. The direction of groundwater flow in the Nacatoch aquifer in northeastern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. A potentiometric high in the study area is located along the north and northwestern boundaries of the area, but water levels may be higher outside the study area. In northeastern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Nacatoch aquifer increased by 564 percent from 1965 to 2010. In southwestern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Nacatoch Sand increased by 125 percent from 1965 to 1980, and withdrawals decreased by 85 percent from 1980 to 2010. In southwestern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Tokio aquifer increased by 201 percent from 1965 to 1980, and withdrawals decreased by 81 percent from 1980 to 2000. Withdrawals from the Tokio aquifer increased by 291 percent from 2000 to 2005, and withdrawals decreased by 32 percent from 2005 to 2010. The direction of groundwater flow in the Tokio aquifer in southwestern Arkansas generally is towards the south or southeast. The potentiometric high is within the outcrop area in the northern part of the area. Artesian flow exists or is inferred in southeastern Pike, northeastern Hempstead, and northwestern Nevada Counties. One apparent cone of depression might exist northwest of Hope in Hempstead County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., and Rodgers, K.D., 2013, Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5130, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135130.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135130.gif"},{"id":276613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5130/pdf/sir2013-5130.pdf"},{"id":276612,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5130/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.62,33.0 ], [ -94.62,36.5 ], [ -89.64,36.5 ], [ -89.64,33.0 ], [ -94.62,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520c98e1e4b081fa6136d3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodgers, Kirk D. 0000-0003-4322-2781 krodgers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-2781","contributorId":4946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Kirk","email":"krodgers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047606,"text":"70047606 - 2013 - Infrequent triggering of tremor along the San Jacinto Fault near Anza, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:26:30","indexId":"70047606","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T13:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrequent triggering of tremor along the San Jacinto Fault near Anza, California","docAbstract":"We examine the conditions necessary to trigger tremor along the San Jacinto fault (SJF) near Anza, California, where previous studies suggest triggered tremor occurs, but observations are sparse. We investigate the stress required to trigger tremor using continuous broadband seismograms from 11 stations located near Anza, California. We examine 44 Mw≥7.4 teleseismic events between 2001 and 2011; these events occur at a wide range of back azimuths and hypocentral distances. In addition, we included one smaller‐magnitude, regional event, the 2009 Mw 6.5 Gulf of California earthquake, because it induced extremely high strains at Anza. We find the only episode of triggered tremor occurred during the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.8 Denali earthquake. The tremor episode lasted 300 s, was composed of 12 tremor bursts, and was located along SJF at the northwestern edge of the Anza gap at approximately 13 km depth. The tremor episode started at the Love‐wave arrival, when surface‐wave particle motions are primarily in the transverse direction. We find that the Denali earthquake induced the second highest stress (~35 kPa) among the 44 teleseismic events and 1 regional event. The dominant period of the Denali surface wave was 22.8 s, at the lower end of the range observed for all events (20–40 s), similar to periods shown to trigger tremor in other locations. The surface waves from the 2009 Mw 6.5 Gulf of California earthquake had the highest observed strain, yet a much shorter dominant period of 10 s and did not trigger tremor. This result suggests that not only the amplitude of the induced strain, but also the period of the incoming surface wave, may control triggering of tremors near Anza. In addition, we find that the transient‐shear stress (17–35 kPa) required to trigger tremor along the SJF at Anza is distinctly higher than what has been reported for the well‐studied San Andreas fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120284","usgsCitation":"Wang, T., Cochran, E.S., Agnew, D., and Oglesby, D.D., 2013, Infrequent triggering of tremor along the San Jacinto Fault near Anza, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 4, p. 2482-2497, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120284.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2482","endPage":"2497","ipdsId":"IP-045067","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276603,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120284"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Anza","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.8699,33.4625 ], [ -116.8699,33.688 ], [ -116.451,33.688 ], [ -116.451,33.4625 ], [ -116.8699,33.4625 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520c98e0e4b081fa6136d3c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Tien-Huei","contributorId":7168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Tien-Huei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agnew, Duncan Carr","contributorId":53686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"Duncan Carr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oglesby, David D.","contributorId":51637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oglesby","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118578,"text":"70118578 - 2013 - Modeling volcano growth on the Island of Hawaii: Deep-water perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T00:40:02.381038","indexId":"70118578","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T13:02:10","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling volcano growth on the Island of Hawaii: Deep-water perspectives","docAbstract":"Recent ocean-bottom geophysical surveys, dredging, and dives, which complement surface data and scientific drilling at the Island of Hawaii, document that evolutionary stages during volcano growth are more diverse than previously described. Based on combining available composition, isotopic age, and geologically constrained volume data for each of the component volcanoes, this overview provides the first integrated models for overall growth of any Hawaiian island. In contrast to prior morphologic models for volcano evolution (preshield, shield, postshield), growth increasingly can be tracked by age and volume (magma supply), defining waxing alkalic, sustained tholeiitic, and waning alkalic stages. Data and estimates for individual volcanoes are used to model changing magma supply during successive compositional stages, to place limits on volcano life spans, and to interpret composite assembly of the island. Volcano volumes vary by an order of magnitude; peak magma supply also varies sizably among edifices but is challenging to quantify because of uncertainty about volcano life spans. Three alternative models are compared: (1) near-constant volcano propagation, (2) near-equal volcano durations, (3) high peak-tholeiite magma supply. These models define inconsistencies with prior geodynamic models, indicate that composite growth at Hawaii peaked ca. 800–400 ka, and demonstrate a lower current rate. Recent age determinations for Kilauea and Kohala define a volcano propagation rate of 8.6 cm/yr that yields plausible inception ages for other volcanoes of the Kea trend. In contrast, a similar propagation rate for the less-constrained Loa trend would require inception of Loihi Seamount in the future and ages that become implausibly large for the older volcanoes. An alternative rate of 10.6 cm/yr for Loa-trend volcanoes is reasonably consistent with ages and volcano spacing, but younger Loa volcanoes are offset from the Kea trend in age-distance plots. Variable magma flux at the Island of Hawaii, and longer-term growth of the Hawaiian chain as discrete islands rather than a continuous ridge, may record pulsed magma flow in the hotspot/plume source.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00935.1","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and Calvert, A.T., 2013, Modeling volcano growth on the Island of Hawaii: Deep-water perspectives: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1348-1383, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00935.1.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1383","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00935.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.55679321289062,\n 20.128155311797183\n ],\n [\n -155.58425903320312,\n 20.117839630491634\n ],\n [\n -155.64056396484375,\n 20.153941536577403\n ],\n [\n -155.65841674804688,\n 20.168122145270342\n ],\n [\n -155.68862915039062,\n 20.179723502765153\n ],\n [\n -155.73394775390625,\n 20.204212422008773\n ],\n [\n -155.73394775390625,\n 20.218388457307814\n ],\n [\n -155.78475952148438,\n 20.246736652244206\n ],\n [\n -155.84381103515625,\n 20.267350272759373\n ],\n [\n -155.88363647460938,\n 20.260908810382347\n ],\n [\n -155.89874267578125,\n 20.235140288260343\n ],\n [\n -155.90423583984375,\n 20.188746184002486\n ],\n [\n -155.88912963867188,\n 20.13202351682182\n ],\n [\n -155.86441040039062,\n 20.075280256655788\n ],\n [\n -155.82733154296875,\n 20.024967917222785\n ],\n [\n -155.8355712890625,\n 19.975930144520376\n ],\n [\n -155.85479736328125,\n 19.96173215025814\n ],\n [\n -155.8905029296875,\n 19.916548215192815\n ],\n [\n -155.92483520507812,\n 19.864893620513147\n ],\n [\n -155.9193420410156,\n 19.846810534206607\n ],\n [\n -155.96328735351562,\n 19.85456068070104\n ],\n [\n -155.98388671875,\n 19.840351789728015\n ],\n [\n -156.00448608398438,\n 19.806762085139233\n ],\n [\n -156.03744506835938,\n 19.782211275967995\n ],\n [\n -156.06353759765625,\n 19.74214657023644\n ],\n [\n -156.05117797851562,\n 19.69560719557702\n ],\n [\n -156.03057861328125,\n 19.669746136891618\n ],\n [\n -156.0333251953125,\n 19.642587534013046\n ],\n [\n -155.9962463378906,\n 19.6348270888747\n ],\n [\n -155.96603393554685,\n 19.563672215812247\n ],\n [\n -155.93994140625,\n 19.47565549591158\n ],\n [\n -155.91659545898438,\n 19.40831630217017\n ],\n [\n -155.88638305664062,\n 19.343540769982056\n ],\n [\n -155.88775634765622,\n 19.29299799768025\n ],\n [\n -155.906982421875,\n 19.204834816311973\n ],\n [\n -155.92071533203125,\n 19.129599439736836\n ],\n [\n -155.90560913085938,\n 19.076395122079923\n ],\n [\n -155.8795166015625,\n 19.028366797457245\n ],\n [\n -155.82046508789062,\n 19.01408542665422\n ],\n [\n -155.797119140625,\n 19.008891896701762\n ],\n [\n -155.7586669921875,\n 18.971233956586723\n ],\n [\n -155.72708129882812,\n 18.966039089744722\n ],\n [\n -155.687255859375,\n 18.93876338396899\n ],\n [\n -155.68588256835938,\n 18.903688072314996\n ],\n [\n -155.64193725585938,\n 18.930969506456258\n ],\n [\n -155.61721801757812,\n 18.968636543402212\n ],\n [\n -155.59661865234375,\n 18.972532648000133\n ],\n [\n -155.59249877929688,\n 18.994608853186378\n ],\n [\n -155.58013916015625,\n 19.024471999857905\n ],\n [\n -155.55404663085938,\n 19.046541312042145\n ],\n [\n -155.555419921875,\n 19.071203541262225\n ],\n [\n -155.5499267578125,\n 19.08158654022563\n ],\n [\n -155.53619384765625,\n 19.08288436934017\n ],\n [\n -155.50735473632812,\n 19.130896892173755\n ],\n [\n -155.44967651367188,\n 19.147762846204802\n ],\n [\n -155.41122436523438,\n 19.18538068428797\n ],\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.216506191361127\n ],\n [\n -155.33157348632812,\n 19.233363381183896\n ],\n [\n -155.30410766601562,\n 19.24762580585514\n ],\n [\n -155.28076171875,\n 19.2657761898775\n ],\n [\n -155.23818969726562,\n 19.268368937880687\n ],\n [\n -155.1983642578125,\n 19.257997699830604\n ],\n [\n -155.17089843749997,\n 19.26188699098167\n ],\n [\n -155.13107299804688,\n 19.276146935787747\n ],\n [\n -155.07614135742185,\n 19.307255233641797\n ],\n [\n -154.962158203125,\n 19.35779359620928\n ],\n [\n -154.87289428710938,\n 19.427743935948932\n ],\n [\n -154.80560302734375,\n 19.49248592618279\n ],\n [\n -154.80560302734375,\n 19.519669847423703\n ],\n [\n -154.82070922851562,\n 19.53261296541841\n ],\n [\n -154.88662719726562,\n 19.56108417332036\n ],\n [\n -154.92645263671875,\n 19.589550355127216\n ],\n [\n -154.94705200195312,\n 19.6037815593266\n ],\n [\n -154.94430541992188,\n 19.623185718036478\n ],\n [\n -154.96902465820312,\n 19.629653250428277\n ],\n [\n -154.98138427734375,\n 19.643880905066716\n ],\n [\n -154.98275756835935,\n 19.674918682626934\n ],\n [\n -154.9786376953125,\n 19.693021277630727\n ],\n [\n -154.99649047851562,\n 19.72922032546947\n ],\n [\n -155.02120971679688,\n 19.73697619787738\n ],\n [\n -155.04318237304688,\n 19.73697619787738\n ],\n [\n -155.06927490234375,\n 19.72146407652849\n ],\n [\n -155.08575439453125,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -155.08712768554688,\n 19.780919023255173\n ],\n [\n -155.08987426757812,\n 19.815806165386956\n ],\n [\n -155.08163452148438,\n 19.841643559642943\n ],\n [\n -155.08987426757812,\n 19.85843561200688\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.13519287109375,\n 19.91267470522604\n ],\n [\n -155.18325805664062,\n 19.947532877989353\n ],\n [\n -155.2093505859375,\n 19.968185942489765\n ],\n [\n -155.24642944335938,\n 19.997869983765433\n ],\n [\n -155.27252197265625,\n 20.014645445341365\n ],\n [\n -155.31784057617188,\n 20.030128899024707\n ],\n [\n -155.3741455078125,\n 20.059801254410598\n ],\n [\n -155.43457031249997,\n 20.0933371611593\n ],\n [\n -155.4949951171875,\n 20.111391984160917\n ],\n [\n -155.55679321289062,\n 20.128155311797183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f276e4b0bc0bec0a03c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125325,"text":"70125325 - 2013 - Effects of natural flooding and manual trapping on the facilitation of invasive crayfish-native amphibian coexistence in a semi-arid perennial stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T11:36:11","indexId":"70125325","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T11:35:14","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of natural flooding and manual trapping on the facilitation of invasive crayfish-native amphibian coexistence in a semi-arid perennial stream","docAbstract":"Aquatic amphibians are known to be vulnerable to a myriad of invasive predators. Invasive crayfish are thought to have eliminated native populations of amphibians in some streams in the semi-arid Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. Despite their toxic skin secretions that defend them from native predators, newts are vulnerable to crayfish attacks, and crayfish have been observed attacking adult newts, and eating newt egg masses and larvae. For 15 years, we have observed invasive crayfish and native California newts coexisting in one stream in the Santa Monica Mountains. During that period, we monitored the densities of both crayfish and newt egg mass densities and compared these to annual rainfall totals. After three seasons of below average rainfall, we reduced crayfish numbers by manual trapping. Our long-term data indicated that crayfish did not fare well in years when rainfall is above the historic average. This invasive predator did not evolve with high velocity streams, and observations indicated that southern California storm events washed crayfish downstream, killing many of them. Newts exhibit increased reproduction in years when crayfish numbers were reduced. A comparison with a nearby stream that does not contain crayfish indicated that newt reproduction positively responded to increased rainfall, but that fluctuations were much greater in the stream that contains crayfish. We suggest that rainfall patterns help explain invasive crayfish/newt coexistence and that management for future coexistence may benefit from manual trapping.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.08.003","usgsCitation":"Kats, L.B., Bucciarelli, G., Vandergon, T.L., Honeycutt, R.L., Mattiasen, E., Sanders, A., Riley, S.P., Kerby, J.L., and Fisher, R.N., 2013, Effects of natural flooding and manual trapping on the facilitation of invasive crayfish-native amphibian coexistence in a semi-arid perennial stream: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 98, p. 109-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.08.003.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-045068","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293926,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.08.003"}],"volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5419512de4b091c7ffc8e655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kats, Lee B.","contributorId":106034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kats","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucciarelli, Gary","contributorId":25490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucciarelli","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandergon, Thomas L.","contributorId":38489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honeycutt, Rodney L.","contributorId":106426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeycutt","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mattiasen, Evan","contributorId":74316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattiasen","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanders, Arthur","contributorId":18292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Riley, Seth P.D.","contributorId":83246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kerby, Jacob L.","contributorId":7210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerby","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70124275,"text":"70124275 - 2013 - Land use planning and wildfire: development policies influence future probability of housing loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T11:36:07","indexId":"70124275","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use planning and wildfire: development policies influence future probability of housing loss","docAbstract":"Increasing numbers of homes are being destroyed by wildfire in the wildland-urban interface. With projections of climate change and housing growth potentially exacerbating the threat of wildfire to homes and property, effective fire-risk reduction alternatives are needed as part of a comprehensive fire management plan. Land use planning represents a shift in traditional thinking from trying to eliminate wildfires, or even increasing resilience to them, toward avoiding exposure to them through the informed placement of new residential structures. For land use planning to be effective, it needs to be based on solid understanding of where and how to locate and arrange new homes. We simulated three scenarios of future residential development and projected landscape-level wildfire risk to residential structures in a rapidly urbanizing, fire-prone region in southern California. We based all future development on an econometric subdivision model, but we varied the emphasis of subdivision decision-making based on three broad and common growth types: infill, expansion, and leapfrog. Simulation results showed that decision-making based on these growth types, when applied locally for subdivision of individual parcels, produced substantial landscape-level differences in pattern, location, and extent of development. These differences in development, in turn, affected the area and proportion of structures at risk from burning in wildfires. Scenarios with lower housing density and larger numbers of small, isolated clusters of development, i.e., resulting from leapfrog development, were generally predicted to have the highest predicted fire risk to the largest proportion of structures in the study area, and infill development was predicted to have the lowest risk. These results suggest that land use planning should be considered an important component to fire risk management and that consistently applied policies based on residential pattern may provide substantial benefits for future risk reduction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0071708","usgsCitation":"Syphard, A.D., Massada, A.B., Butsic, V., and Keeley, J.E., 2013, Land use planning and wildfire: development policies influence future probability of housing loss: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 8, e71708; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071708.","productDescription":"e71708; 12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049993","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071708","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293656,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071708"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5959,32.5342 ], [ -117.5959,33.505 ], [ -116.0809,33.505 ], [ -116.0809,32.5342 ], [ -117.5959,32.5342 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9afe4b0239f1986ba9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massada, Avi Bar","contributorId":93744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massada","given":"Avi","email":"","middleInitial":"Bar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butsic, Van","contributorId":11524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butsic","given":"Van","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047602,"text":"70047602 - 2013 - Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s-2000s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:29:27","indexId":"70047602","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T09:38:20","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s-2000s","docAbstract":"A regional assessment of multi-decadal changes in nitrate concentrations was done using historical data and a spatially stratified non-biased approach. Data were stratified into physiographic subregions on the basis of geomorphology and soils data to represent zones of historical recharge and discharge patterns in the basin. Data were also stratified by depth to represent a shallow zone generally representing domestic drinking-water supplies and a deep zone generally representing public drinking-water supplies. These stratifications were designed to characterize the regional extent of groundwater with common redox and age characteristics, two factors expected to influence changes in nitrate concentrations over time. Overall, increasing trends in nitrate concentrations and the proportion of nitrate concentrations above 5 mg/L were observed in the east fans subregion of the Central Valley. Whereas the west fans subregion has elevated nitrate concentrations, temporal trends were not detected, likely due to the heterogeneous nature of the water quality in this area and geologic sources of nitrate, combined with sparse and uneven data coverage. Generally low nitrate concentrations in the basin subregion are consistent with reduced geochemical conditions resulting from low permeability soils and higher organic content, reflecting the distal portions of alluvial fans and historical groundwater discharge areas. Very small increases in the shallow aquifer in the basin subregion may reflect downgradient movement of high nitrate groundwater from adjacent areas or overlying intensive agricultural inputs. Because of the general lack of regionally extensive long-term monitoring networks, the results from this study highlight the importance of placing studies of trends in water quality into regional context. Earlier work concluded that nitrate concentrations were steadily increasing over time in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, but clearly those trends do not apply to other physiographic subregions within the Central Valley, even where land use and climate are similar.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-012-2082-4","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Jurgens, B., Belitz, K., and Dubrovsky, N.M., 2013, Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s-2000s: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 69, no. 8, p. 2609-2621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2082-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2621","ipdsId":"IP-036857","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276591,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2082-4"},{"id":276594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.78,35.07 ], [ -122.78,40.74 ], [ -118.8,40.74 ], [ -118.8,35.07 ], [ -122.78,35.07 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520c98d2e4b081fa6136d3c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047588,"text":"70047588 - 2013 - Importance of the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska for aquatic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-09T11:39:56","indexId":"70047588","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-13T13:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska for aquatic birds","docAbstract":"We used data from aerial surveys (1992–2010) of >100,000 km2 and ground surveys (1998–2004) of >150 km2 to estimate the density and abundance of birds on the North Slope of Alaska (U.S.A.). In the ground surveys, we used double sampling to estimate detection ratios. We used the aerial survey data to compare densities of birds and Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), the major nest predator of birds, on the North Slope, in Prudhoe Bay, and in nearby areas. We partitioned the Prudhoe Bay oil field into 2 × 2 km plots and determined the relation between density of aquatic birds and density of roads, buildings, and other infrastructure in these plots. Abundance and density (birds per square kilometer) of 3 groups of aquatic birds—waterfowl, loons, and grebes; shorebirds; and gulls, terns, and jaegers—were highest in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska (NPRA) and lowest in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Six other major wetlands occur in the Arctic regions of Canada and Russia, but the largest population of aquatic birds was in the NPRA. Aquatic birds were concentrated in the northern part of the NPRA. For example, an area that covered 18% of the NPRA included 53% of its aquatic birds. The aerial surveys showed that bird density was not lower and fox density was not higher in Prudhoe Bay than in surrounding areas. Density of infrastructure did not significantly affect bird density for any group of species. Our results establish that the NPRA is one of the most important areas for aquatic birds in the Arctic. Our results and those of others also indicate that oil production, as practiced in Prudhoe Bay, does not necessarily lead to substantial declines in bird density or productivity in or near the developed areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12133","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Platte, R.M., Andres, B., Brown, S., Johnson, J., and Larned, W., 2013, Importance of the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska for aquatic birds: Conservation Biology, v. 27, no. 6, p. 1304-1312, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12133.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1304","endPage":"1312","ipdsId":"IP-048834","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276565,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12133"},{"id":276576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520b81ede4b0d6ca46067da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platte, Robert M.","contributorId":43263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andres, Brad","contributorId":19053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Stephen","contributorId":40096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, James A.","contributorId":84649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larned, William","contributorId":106001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larned","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047596,"text":"sir20135139 - 2013 - Relation between organic-wastewater compounds, groundwater geochemistry, and well characteristics for selected wells in Lansing, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-13T13:04:22","indexId":"sir20135139","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-13T12:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5139","title":"Relation between organic-wastewater compounds, groundwater geochemistry, and well characteristics for selected wells in Lansing, Michigan","docAbstract":"In 2010, groundwater from 20 Lansing Board of Water and Light (BWL) production wells was tested for 69 organic-wastewater compounds (OWCs). The OWCs detected in one-half of the sampled wells are widely used in industrial and environmental applications and commonly occur in many wastes and stormwater. To identify factors that contribute to the occurrence of these constituents in BWL wells, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) interpreted the results of these analyses and related detections of OWCs to local characteristics and groundwater geochemistry.\n\nAnalysis of groundwater-chemistry data collected by the BWL during routine monitoring from 1969 to 2011 indicates that the geochemistry of the BWL wells has changed over time, with the major difference being an increase in sodium and chloride. The concentrations of sodium and chloride were positively correlated to frequency of OWC detections. The BWL wells studied are all completed in the Saginaw aquifer, which consists of water-bearing sandstones of Pennsylvanian age. The Saginaw aquifer is underlain by the Parma-Bayport aquifer, and overlain by the Glacial aquifer. Two possible sources of sodium and chloride were evaluated: basin brines by way of the Parma-Bayport aquifer, and surficial sources by way of the Glacial aquifer. To determine if water from the underlying aquifer had influenced well-water geochemistry over time, the total dissolved solids concentration and changes in major ion concentrations were examined with respect to well depth, age, and pumping rate. To address a possible surficial source of sodium and chloride, 25 well, aquifer, or hydrologic characteristics, and 2 groundwater geochemistry variables that might influence whether, or the rate at which, water from the land surface could reach each well were compared to OWC detections and well chemistry.\n\nThe statistical tests performed during this study, using available variables, indicated that reduced time of travel of water from the land surface to the well opening was significantly correlated with detections of OWCs. No specific well or aquifer characteristic was correlated with OWC detections; however, wells with detections tended to have less modeled confining material thickness (as simulated in the regional groundwater flow model), which is an estimate of the amount of clay or shale between the Glacial and Saginaw aquifers. Additional analyses and collection of other data would be required to more conclusively identify the source and to determine the potential vulnerability of other wells because each BWL well may have a somewhat unique set of characteristics that governs its response to pumping. Therefore, it is possible that a relevant explanatory variable was not included in this analysis. The current patterns of geochemistry, and the relation between these patterns and volume of pumpage for the BWL wells, indicates other wells may be susceptible to OWCs in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"Haack, S.K., and Luukkonen, C.L., 2013, Relation between organic-wastewater compounds, groundwater geochemistry, and well characteristics for selected wells in Lansing, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5139, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135139.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135139.png"},{"id":276573,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5139/"},{"id":276574,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5139/pdf/sir2013-5139_web.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Clinton County;Eaton County;Ingham County","city":"Lansing","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.701274,42.647483 ], [ -84.701274,42.76988 ], [ -84.417581,42.76988 ], [ -84.417581,42.647483 ], [ -84.701274,42.647483 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520b81efe4b0d6ca46067db8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047587,"text":"70047587 - 2013 - Accumulation of atmospheric sulfur in some Costa Rican soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-13T12:59:13","indexId":"70047587","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-13T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of atmospheric sulfur in some Costa Rican soils","docAbstract":"Sulfur is one of the macronutrient elements whose sources to terrestrial ecosystems should shift from dominance by rock-weathering to atmospheric deposition as soils and underlying substrate undergo progressive weathering and leaching. However, the nature and timing of this transition is not well known. We investigated sources of sulfur to tropical rain forests growing on basalt-derived soils in the Osa Peninsula region of Costa Rica. Sulfur sources were examined using stable isotope ratios (δ34S) and compared to chemical indices of soil development. The most weathered soils, and the forests they supported, are dominated by atmospheric sulfur, while a less weathered soil type contains both rock-derived and atmospheric sulfur. Patterns of increasing δ34S with increasing soil sulfur concentration across the landscape suggest atmospheric sulfur is accumulating, and little rock-derived sulfur has been retained. Soil sulfur, minus adsorbed sulfate, is correlated with carbon and nitrogen, implying that sulfur accumulation occurs as plants and microbes incorporate sulfur into organic matter. Only the lower depth increments of the more weathered soils contained significant adsorbed sulfate. The evidence suggests a pattern of soil development in which sulfur-bearing minerals in rock, such as sulfides, weather early relative to other minerals, and the released sulfate is leached away. Sulfur added via atmospheric deposition is retained as organic matter accumulates in the soil profile. Adsorbed sulfate accumulates later, driven by changes in soil chemistry and mineralogy. These aspects of sulfur behavior during pedogenesis in this environment may hasten the transition to dominance by atmospheric sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000692","usgsCitation":"Bern, C., and Townsend, A.R., 2013, Accumulation of atmospheric sulfur in some Costa Rican soils: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 113, no. G3, G03001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000692.","productDescription":"G03001","ipdsId":"IP-003091","costCenters":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jg000692","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276562,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000692"},{"id":276563,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008JG000692/full"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.0945,5.4992 ], [ -87.0945,11.2197 ], [ -82.5527,11.2197 ], [ -82.5527,5.4992 ], [ -87.0945,5.4992 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"113","issue":"G3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520b81e8e4b0d6ca46067da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, Carleton R. cbern@usgs.gov","contributorId":657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton R.","email":"cbern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, Alan R.","contributorId":62868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047594,"text":"ofr20131181 - 2013 - Integrating seismic-reflection and sequence-stratigraphic methods to characterize the hydrogeology of the Floridan aquifer system in southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-13T12:46:48","indexId":"ofr20131181","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-13T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1181","title":"Integrating seismic-reflection and sequence-stratigraphic methods to characterize the hydrogeology of the Floridan aquifer system in southeast Florida","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system (FAS) is receiving increased attention as a result of regulatory restrictions on water-supply withdrawals and treated wastewater management practices. The South Florida Water Management District’s Regional Water Availability Rule, adopted in 2007, restricts urban withdrawals from the shallower Biscayne aquifer to pre-April 2006 levels throughout southeast Florida. Legislation adopted by the State of Florida requires elimination of ocean outfalls of treated wastewater by 2025. These restrictions have necessitated the use of the more deeply buried FAS as an alternate water resource to meet projected water-supply shortfalls, and as a repository for the disposal of wastewater via Class I deep injection wells and injection of reclaimed water. Some resource managers in Broward County have expressed concern regarding the viability of the FAS as an alternative water supply due to a lack of technical data and information regarding its long-term sustainability.\n\nSustainable development and management of the FAS for water supply is uncertain because of the potential risk posed by structural geologic anomalies (faults, fractures, and karst collapse structures) and knowledge gaps in the stratigraphy of the system. The integration of seismic-reflection and borehole data into an improved geologic and hydrogeologic framework will provide a better understanding of the structural and stratigraphic features that influence groundwater flow and contaminant transport.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131181","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with Broward County Natural Resources Planning and Management Division","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., 2013, Integrating seismic-reflection and sequence-stratigraphic methods to characterize the hydrogeology of the Floridan aquifer system in southeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1181, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131181.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131181.png"},{"id":276569,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1181/"},{"id":276570,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1181/pdf/ofr2013-1181.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.339626,25.862948 ], [ -80.339626,26.348128 ], [ -80.055788,26.348128 ], [ -80.055788,25.862948 ], [ -80.339626,25.862948 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520b81eee4b0d6ca46067db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047593,"text":"sir20133035 - 2013 - New service interface for River Forecasting Center derived quantitative precipitation estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-13T13:26:21","indexId":"sir20133035","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-13T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3035","title":"New service interface for River Forecasting Center derived quantitative precipitation estimates","docAbstract":"For more than a decade, the National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFCs) have been estimating spatially distributed rainfall by applying quality-control procedures to radar-indicated rainfall estimates in the eastern United States and other best practices in the western United States to producea national Quantitative Precipitation Estimate (QPE) (National Weather Service, 2013). The availability of archives of QPE information for analytical purposes has been limited to manual requests for access to raw binary file formats that are difficult for scientists who are not in the climatic sciences to work with. The NWS provided the QPE archives to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the contents of the real-time feed from the RFCs are being saved by the USGS for incorporation into the archives. The USGS has applied time-series aggregation and added latitude-longitude coordinate variables to publish the RFC QPE data. Web services provide users with direct (index-based) data access, rendered visualizations of the data, and resampled raster representations of the source data in common geographic information formats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20133035","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, D.L., 2013, New service interface for River Forecasting Center derived quantitative precipitation estimates: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3035, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20133035.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276566,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3035/"},{"id":276567,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3035/pdf/fs2013-3035.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520b81eee4b0d6ca46067db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047586,"text":"ofr20131188 - 2013 - Age and condition of juvenile catostomids in Clear Lake Reservoir, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T14:48:42","indexId":"ofr20131188","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-12T16:21:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1188","title":"Age and condition of juvenile catostomids in Clear Lake Reservoir, California","docAbstract":"Although infrequent recruitment of new individuals into the adult spawning populations of Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) limits recovery of these species in Upper Klamath Lake, it is not clear that populations are recruitment limited in Clear Lake Reservoir (hereafter Clear Lake). Specifically, some evidence indicates that shortnose suckers may regularly recruit to the adult spawning population in Clear Lake. Therefore, a study of early life history patterns and recruitment dynamics in Clear Lake may lead to a better understanding of what is limiting recovery of suckers in both lakes. Adult suckers in Clear Lake migrate up Willow Creek and its tributaries to spawn in some years, but low flow in Willow Creek may inhibit spawning migrations in other years. It is unclear whether spawning is successful, larvae survive, or how frequently juveniles persist to adulthood. Environmental variables associated with successful spawning or young-of-year survival have not been identified, and early life history for these populations is poorly understood. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, initiated a study in 2011 to better understand juvenile sucker life history in Clear Lake, and to identify constraints in the early life history that may limit recruitment to the adult spawning populations. The relative weights of shortnose suckers from Clear Lake and Upper Klamath Lake were compared to examine differences in condition. However, it is unclear whether the disparity in relative weights between the populations reflects differences in condition, phenotype, or both. Approximately 80 percent of juvenile suckers in Clear Lake are shortnose suckers with some morphologic features similar to Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi), whereas juvenile suckers in Upper Klamath Lake can be clearly classified as either shortnose or Lost River suckers. The presence of juvenile suckers age-3 and older indicate that production, larval survival, and juvenile survival are at least periodically sufficient to lead to recruitment into the adult population of shortnose suckers in Clear Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131188","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., and Rasmussen, J., 2013, Age and condition of juvenile catostomids in Clear Lake Reservoir, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1188, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131188.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131188.png"},{"id":276560,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1188/pdf/ofr20131188.pdf","text":"Report","size":"690 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":276559,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1188/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.229157,41.79319 ], [ -121.229157,41.927007 ], [ -121.06315,41.927007 ], [ -121.06315,41.79319 ], [ -121.229157,41.79319 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5209f5d2e4b0026c2bc11a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Josh","contributorId":47634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047574,"text":"cir1387 - 2013 - The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center annual report for 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T15:57:06.01095","indexId":"cir1387","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-12T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1387","title":"The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center annual report for 2012","docAbstract":"Welcome to the inaugural edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs) annual report.\n\nIn 2008, Congress created the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The center was formed to respond to the demands of natural resource managers for rigorous scientific information and effective tools for assessing and responding to climate change. Located at the USGS National Headquarters in Reston, Va., the NCCWSC has invested more than $70 million in cutting-edge climate change research and, in response to Secretarial Order No. 3289,established and is managing eight regional Department of Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs).\n\nThe mission of the NCCWSC is to provide natural resource managers with the tools and information they need to develop and execute management strategies that address the impacts of climate and other ongoing global changes on fish and wildlife and their habitats. The DOI CSCs are joint Federal-university partnerships that focus their scientific work on regional priorities identified by DOI Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) as well as Federal, State, Tribal, and other resource managers. The CSCs provide access to a wide range of scientific capabilities through their network of university partners along with the USGS and other Federal agency scientists. The focus of the NCCWSC on multiregion and national priorities complements the regionally focused agendas of the CSCs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1387","usgsCitation":"Varela-Acevedo, E., and O'Malley, R., 2013, The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center annual report for 2012 (Version 1.0: August 12, 2013; Version 1.1: November 14, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1387, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1387.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-043173","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1387.gif"},{"id":276535,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1387/pdf/cir1387_high_res.pdf"},{"id":276534,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1387/"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: August 12, 2013; Version 1.1: November 14, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5209f5dde4b0026c2bc11aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varela-Acevedo, Elda evarela-acevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela-Acevedo","given":"Elda","email":"evarela-acevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Malley, Robin romalley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Malley","given":"Robin","email":"romalley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047571,"text":"tm6A46 - 2013 - Documentation of the seawater intrusion (SWI2) package for MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T11:57:05","indexId":"tm6A46","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-12T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A46","title":"Documentation of the seawater intrusion (SWI2) package for MODFLOW","docAbstract":"The SWI2 Package is the latest release of the Seawater Intrusion (SWI) Package for MODFLOW. The SWI2 Package allows three-dimensional vertically integrated variable-density groundwater flow and seawater intrusion in coastal multiaquifer systems to be simulated using MODFLOW-2005. Vertically integrated variable-density groundwater flow is based on the Dupuit approximation in which an aquifer is vertically discretized into zones of differing densities, separated from each other by defined surfaces representing interfaces or density isosurfaces. The numerical approach used in the SWI2 Package does not account for diffusion and dispersion and should not be used where these processes are important. The resulting differential equations are equivalent in form to the groundwater flow equation for uniform-density flow. The approach implemented in the SWI2 Package allows density effects to be incorporated into MODFLOW-2005 through the addition of pseudo-source terms to the groundwater flow equation without the need to solve a separate advective-dispersive transport equation. Vertical and horizontal movement of defined density surfaces is calculated separately using a combination of fluxes calculated through solution of the groundwater flow equation and a simple tip and toe tracking algorithm.\n\nUse of the SWI2 Package in MODFLOW-2005 only requires the addition of a single additional input file and modification of boundary heads to freshwater heads referenced to the top of the aquifer. Fluid density within model layers can be represented using zones of constant density (stratified flow) or continuously varying density (piecewise linear in the vertical direction) in the SWI2 Package. The main advantage of using the SWI2 Package instead of variable-density groundwater flow and dispersive solute transport codes, such as SEAWAT and SUTRA, is that fewer model cells are required for simulations using the SWI2 Package because every aquifer can be represented by a single layer of cells. This reduction in number of required model cells and the elimination of the need to solve the advective-dispersive transport equation results in substantial model run-time savings, which can be large for regional aquifers. The accuracy and use of the SWI2 Package is demonstrated through comparison with existing exact solutions and numerical solutions with SEAWAT. Results for an unconfined aquifer are also presented to demonstrate application of the SWI2 Package to a large-scale regional problem.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Ground water in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A46","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program; This report is Chapter 46 of Section A: Ground water in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","usgsCitation":"Bakker, M., Schaars, F., Hughes, J.D., Langevin, C.D., and Dausman, A., 2013, Documentation of the seawater intrusion (SWI2) package for MODFLOW: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A46, viii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A46.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6a46.gif"},{"id":276409,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a46/"},{"id":276411,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a46/tm6-a46.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5209f5dce4b0026c2bc11a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Mark","contributorId":56137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaars, Frans","contributorId":15920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaars","given":"Frans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dausman, Alyssa M.","contributorId":64337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"Alyssa M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047565,"text":"70047565 - 2013 - Quantifying mineral abundances of complex mixtures by coupling spectral deconvolution of SWIR spectra (2.1-2.4 μm) and regression tree analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T11:50:01","indexId":"70047565","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-12T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying mineral abundances of complex mixtures by coupling spectral deconvolution of SWIR spectra (2.1-2.4 μm) and regression tree analysis","docAbstract":"This paper presents a methodology for assessing mineral abundances of mixtures having more than two constituents using absorption features in the 2.1-2.4 μm wavelength region. In the first step, the absorption behaviour of mineral mixtures is parameterised by exponential Gaussian optimisation. Next, mineral abundances are predicted by regression tree analysis using these parameters as inputs. The approach is demonstrated on a range of prepared samples with known abundances of kaolinite, dioctahedral mica, smectite, calcite and quartz and on a set of field samples from Morocco. The latter contained varying quantities of other minerals, some of which did not have diagnostic absorption features in the 2.1-2.4 μm region. Cross validation showed that the prepared samples of kaolinite, dioctahedral mica, smectite and calcite were predicted with a root mean square error (RMSE) less than 9 wt.%. For the field samples, the RMSE was less than 8 wt.% for calcite, dioctahedral mica and kaolinite abundances. Smectite could not be well predicted, which was attributed to spectral variation of the cations within the dioctahedral layered smectites. Substitution of part of the quartz by chlorite at the prediction phase hardly affected the accuracy of the predicted mineral content; this suggests that the method is robust in handling the omission of minerals during the training phase. The degree of expression of absorption components was different between the field sample and the laboratory mixtures. This demonstrates that the method should be calibrated and trained on local samples. Our method allows the simultaneous quantification of more than two minerals within a complex mixture and thereby enhances the perspectives of spectral analysis for mineral abundances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoderma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.05.011","usgsCitation":"Mulder, V., Plotze, M., de Bruin, S., Schaepman, M.E., Mavris, C., Kokaly, R., and Egli, M., 2013, Quantifying mineral abundances of complex mixtures by coupling spectral deconvolution of SWIR spectra (2.1-2.4 μm) and regression tree analysis: Geoderma, v. 207-208, p. 279-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.05.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-041763","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3418353","text":"External Repository"},{"id":276406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276370,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.05.011"}],"volume":"207-208","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5209f5dce4b0026c2bc11a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulder, V.L.","contributorId":12764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulder","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plotze, Michael","contributorId":76213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plotze","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Bruin, Sytze","contributorId":14284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Bruin","given":"Sytze","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaepman, Michael E.","contributorId":25446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepman","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mavris, C.","contributorId":13515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mavris","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Egli, Markus","contributorId":59330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egli","given":"Markus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193837,"text":"70193837 - 2013 - Population ecology of variegate darter (Etheostoma variatum) in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:33:03","indexId":"70193837","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources & Environment Reports Series, Number 2","displayTitle":"Population ecology of variegate darter (Etheostoma variatum) in Virginia","title":"Population ecology of variegate darter (Etheostoma variatum) in Virginia","docAbstract":"Variegate darters (Etheostoma variatum) were listed as endangered in Virginia in 1992. Reasons for listing included habitat degradation and concerns about current and future impacts of coal mining throughout their Virginia range. Prior to this research, little was known about variegate darter distribution, habitat use, or populations in Virginia. Two primary goals of this research were to gain knowledge about the current population ecology and the relationship between landscape-level factors (e.g., land cover changes, watershed size, isolation from other populations) on current and past variegate darter population sizes.
We investigated distribution, habitat suitability, population genetics, and population size and structure of variegate darters in the upper Big Sandy River drainage, Buchanan, Dickenson, and Wise Co., Virginia. Our results indicate variegate darters are primarily found in the Levisa Fork, with highest densities and abundances between its confluence with Dismal Creek and the Virginia-Kentucky border. Sporadic occurrences in smaller tributaries to the Levisa and Tug forks indicate they exist more widely in low densities, especially near the confluence with the Tug and Levisa mainstems. Detection of variegate darters in smaller tributaries was inconsistent, with reach-level occupancy estimates varying among years. We detected young-of-year variegate darters every year we sampled, but age 1+ darters were indistinguishable from older darters based on standard length.
Variegate darter population size and stability in Virginia were estimated via multiple methods, including site occupancy surveys, mark-recapture studies, and population genetic analysis. Using mark-recapture methods at five sites, we estimated overall population size in 2011 to be approximately 12,800 individuals in the 35-km reach between the Levisa Fork - Dismal Creek confluence and the Virginia-Kentucky border. Age structure seemed stable, with breeding adults and young-of-year collected annually during 2008-2011. Population genetic analysis indicated variegate darters in the Levisa Fork and its tributaries are part of a single genetic population. Historical and current genetic stability were seen in our analysis of the variegate darter population, with no genetic differentiation among riffles across the upper Levisa Fork watershed, indicating dispersal among these sites is enough to overcome random genetic drift. This population is genetically isolated from downstream populations by the dam at Fishtrap Lake, Pike Co., Kentucky, and is beginning to show genetic isolation from other nearby populations. As expected, the Virginia population is most closely related to those in the Russell Fork and Levisa Fork downstream of the dam.
Regular monitoring of variegate darters in the Levisa Fork mainstem from the Dismal Creek confluence to the Virginia-Kentucky border would facilitate better understanding of normal fluctuations of population size and distribution, as well as assessments of population status. This reach encompasses the core of the variegate darter population in Virginia, and its persistence will determine long-term viability of this species. Given that little is known about long-term population trends, we suggest that annual site-occupancy and population size estimates be made at ten randomly selected riffles for at least ten years to understand normal levels of variability. Thereafter, these population parameters could be monitored bi-annually as a way to detect shrinking distribution or abundance, especially after any fish kill or other pollution event in the Levisa Fork. We further suggest that the sites upstream and downstream of the saline diffusor pipe be monitored to detect changes in the extent of the impact zone.
Overall, the variegate darter population in Virginia appears stable, although primarily confined to the lower 35 km of the Levisa Fork. Nevertheless, variegate darters in Virginia remain susceptible to extirpation due to catastrophic events, both physical (chemical spill) and biological (disease outbreak or invasive species introduction).
","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Tech","usgsCitation":"Argentina, J.E., Angermeier, P.L., and Hallerman, E.M., 2013, Population ecology of variegate darter (Etheostoma variatum) in Virginia, viii, 62 p.","productDescription":"viii, 62 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051149","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348243,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/23699"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","county":"Buchanan County, McDowell County","otherGeospatial":"Levisa Fork watershed, Tug Fork watershed","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.9673,37.5372],[-81.9622,37.5376],[-81.9588,37.5377],[-81.9571,37.5368],[-81.9564,37.5364],[-81.9552,37.5355],[-81.9545,37.5342],[-81.9534,37.5324],[-81.9526,37.532],[-81.9514,37.5317],[-81.9499,37.532],[-81.9492,37.5324],[-81.9474,37.5331],[-81.9456,37.5327],[-81.9441,37.5316],[-81.9446,37.5302],[-81.9457,37.5266],[-81.9454,37.5255],[-81.9451,37.5239],[-81.9445,37.5227],[-81.9435,37.5223],[-81.9427,37.522],[-81.9415,37.5203],[-81.9414,37.5181],[-81.9425,37.5167],[-81.9419,37.5153],[-81.939,37.5153],[-81.9369,37.5162],[-81.935,37.5186],[-81.9339,37.5195],[-81.931,37.52],[-81.9289,37.5188],[-81.9277,37.5167],[-81.9277,37.5154],[-81.9282,37.5141],[-81.921,37.5152],[-81.9159,37.5171],[-81.9148,37.5203],[-81.9126,37.5271],[-81.9087,37.5303],[-81.904,37.5309],[-81.897,37.5305],[-81.8924,37.5315],[-81.8907,37.5333],[-81.8868,37.5384],[-81.8845,37.5402],[-81.8769,37.5385],[-81.8706,37.5395],[-81.866,37.5419],[-81.8603,37.5461],[-81.8563,37.5484],[-81.8435,37.549],[-81.84,37.5477],[-81.8375,37.5396],[-81.8339,37.5356],[-81.8293,37.5356],[-81.8281,37.5343],[-81.8268,37.5284],[-81.8278,37.5239],[-81.8311,37.5166],[-81.8264,37.5135],[-81.8217,37.5113],[-81.8182,37.5095],[-81.8124,37.5096],[-81.8054,37.5097],[-81.7996,37.5107],[-81.799,37.5102],[-81.7967,37.5076],[-81.7948,37.504],[-81.7855,37.5027],[-81.7814,37.5028],[-81.7792,37.5056],[-81.7763,37.506],[-81.7722,37.5056],[-81.7681,37.5034],[-81.7641,37.5049],[-81.763,37.5062],[-81.7595,37.5085],[-81.759,37.509],[-81.756,37.5072],[-81.7448,37.4997],[-81.7343,37.4944],[-81.7251,37.4977],[-81.7088,37.4966],[-81.7059,37.4966],[-81.7008,37.503],[-81.6997,37.504],[-81.6956,37.5049],[-81.6869,37.5041],[-81.6846,37.5046],[-81.6835,37.5069],[-81.6859,37.5091],[-81.6871,37.5109],[-81.6883,37.5155],[-81.6866,37.5177],[-81.6832,37.5196],[-81.678,37.5192],[-81.6727,37.5184],[-81.6687,37.5194],[-81.6629,37.5226],[-81.6612,37.5226],[-81.6548,37.5232],[-81.6531,37.5227],[-81.6507,37.5201],[-81.6507,37.5173],[-81.6466,37.5165],[-81.6436,37.5156],[-81.6413,37.5161],[-81.6396,37.5157],[-81.636,37.513],[-81.6337,37.5135],[-81.6338,37.5162],[-81.6332,37.518],[-81.6315,37.519],[-81.6281,37.519],[-81.6246,37.5213],[-81.62,37.5236],[-81.6177,37.5228],[-81.6136,37.5215],[-81.6135,37.5187],[-81.6134,37.5147],[-81.6075,37.5075],[-81.6045,37.5039],[-81.6033,37.4998],[-81.6032,37.4958],[-81.6008,37.4922],[-81.5978,37.4904],[-81.5932,37.4905],[-81.5903,37.4923],[-81.5881,37.4937],[-81.5875,37.4932],[-81.5863,37.491],[-81.5833,37.4892],[-81.5752,37.4911],[-81.5677,37.4908],[-81.5578,37.4909],[-81.5456,37.4879],[-81.5357,37.4867],[-81.5274,37.4786],[-81.525,37.4768],[-81.5199,37.4791],[-81.5117,37.4779],[-81.507,37.4757],[-81.4989,37.4753],[-81.4937,37.4777],[-81.488,37.4809],[-81.4787,37.4806],[-81.4759,37.4842],[-81.4684,37.4852],[-81.4591,37.4849],[-81.4532,37.4813],[-81.4502,37.4764],[-81.4501,37.4728],[-81.4518,37.4673],[-81.4476,37.4614],[-81.4394,37.4579],[-81.4353,37.4534],[-81.4329,37.4507],[-81.4312,37.4521],[-81.429,37.4571],[-81.4255,37.4594],[-81.422,37.4586],[-81.4197,37.4559],[-81.4156,37.4559],[-81.4058,37.4592],[-81.4041,37.4588],[-81.4001,37.462],[-81.3978,37.4647],[-81.3937,37.4639],[-81.3902,37.4603],[-81.3861,37.4599],[-81.3826,37.4595],[-81.3796,37.4541],[-81.3754,37.4464],[-81.3725,37.4437],[-81.3684,37.4424],[-81.3556,37.438],[-81.3457,37.4354],[-81.3375,37.4328],[-81.3306,37.4338],[-81.3265,37.432],[-81.32,37.4262],[-81.3136,37.4253],[-81.3054,37.4227],[-81.3612,37.3364],[-81.363,37.3359],[-81.3642,37.3337],[-81.3675,37.3277],[-81.3708,37.3227],[-81.3743,37.3213],[-81.3795,37.3199],[-81.3812,37.3195],[-81.3841,37.3189],[-81.3858,37.3186],[-81.387,37.3182],[-81.391,37.3163],[-81.3928,37.3147],[-81.3949,37.3125],[-81.3966,37.3099],[-81.3977,37.3065],[-81.3987,37.3032],[-81.401,37.2999],[-81.4026,37.2962],[-81.4049,37.2921],[-81.406,37.2894],[-81.4093,37.283],[-81.4126,37.2784],[-81.414,37.277],[-81.4162,37.2755],[-81.42,37.2724],[-81.4234,37.2718],[-81.4269,37.2709],[-81.4317,37.2708],[-81.4343,37.271],[-81.4361,37.2712],[-81.4384,37.2716],[-81.4408,37.2711],[-81.4436,37.2707],[-81.446,37.2698],[-81.4497,37.2684],[-81.4548,37.265],[-81.4561,37.2642],[-81.4582,37.2627],[-81.461,37.2604],[-81.4633,37.2581],[-81.4656,37.2572],[-81.4685,37.2572],[-81.4719,37.2557],[-81.475,37.2537],[-81.4771,37.2521],[-81.4805,37.2511],[-81.4828,37.2505],[-81.4841,37.2501],[-81.488,37.2506],[-81.4915,37.2528],[-81.4941,37.2548],[-81.4957,37.2555],[-81.497,37.2548],[-81.5002,37.2518],[-81.5019,37.2482],[-81.5025,37.2438],[-81.504,37.24],[-81.5062,37.2363],[-81.5091,37.2333],[-81.5126,37.2314],[-81.5188,37.2281],[-81.5251,37.2262],[-81.532,37.2234],[-81.5366,37.222],[-81.5417,37.2201],[-81.5463,37.2173],[-81.5502,37.2145],[-81.5531,37.2126],[-81.5541,37.2118],[-81.5599,37.208],[-81.6755,37.2028],[-81.6788,37.2032],[-81.6814,37.2057],[-81.683,37.2081],[-81.6861,37.2112],[-81.6866,37.2114],[-81.6901,37.2129],[-81.6931,37.2143],[-81.6972,37.2165],[-81.7024,37.2204],[-81.7049,37.2221],[-81.7089,37.2248],[-81.7142,37.229],[-81.7156,37.2308],[-81.7185,37.2342],[-81.722,37.2372],[-81.7243,37.2384],[-81.7254,37.2387],[-81.7273,37.239],[-81.729,37.2392],[-81.73,37.2392],[-81.7311,37.2392],[-81.7324,37.2392],[-81.7353,37.2391],[-81.7376,37.2391],[-81.7399,37.2392],[-81.7406,37.2397],[-81.7433,37.2328],[-81.7442,37.2242],[-81.7561,37.2176],[-81.7586,37.2044],[-81.7626,37.2016],[-81.7736,37.2023],[-81.781,37.199],[-81.7888,37.1893],[-81.8231,37.1791],[-81.8324,37.1794],[-81.846,37.1728],[-81.8559,37.1722],[-81.869,37.1678],[-81.8724,37.1646],[-81.8723,37.1614],[-81.8693,37.1583],[-81.8692,37.1551],[-81.8737,37.1528],[-81.8846,37.1507],[-81.8956,37.1505],[-81.9001,37.1482],[-81.904,37.1417],[-81.9103,37.1398],[-81.9136,37.1338],[-81.9158,37.1333],[-81.9257,37.1331],[-81.9314,37.1308],[-81.9347,37.1289],[-81.9458,37.1309],[-81.9526,37.1272],[-81.9613,37.127],[-81.9669,37.1223],[-81.9766,37.1194],[-81.983,37.1206],[-81.9918,37.1255],[-82.0083,37.1174],[-82.0142,37.1059],[-82.0157,37.0991],[-82.0189,37.0909],[-82.02,37.0872],[-82.0175,37.0832],[-82.0196,37.0759],[-82.0193,37.0691],[-82.0301,37.0639],[-82.0361,37.0533],[-82.0406,37.0496],[-82.0486,37.0458],[-82.0584,37.0465],[-82.0641,37.0455],[-82.0749,37.0394],[-82.0824,37.0406],[-82.0924,37.0453],[-82.096,37.0507],[-82.0984,37.052],[-82.1018,37.051],[-82.1046,37.0478],[-82.1079,37.0427],[-82.113,37.0399],[-82.1205,37.0415],[-82.1344,37.0431],[-82.1413,37.0411],[-82.1488,37.0414],[-82.1364,37.0507],[-82.1368,37.0625],[-82.1501,37.0799],[-82.1602,37.1033],[-82.1571,37.1124],[-82.1676,37.1163],[-82.1718,37.1203],[-82.1704,37.1312],[-82.1775,37.136],[-82.1849,37.1467],[-82.1869,37.1557],[-82.1991,37.1568],[-82.2296,37.202],[-82.2345,37.2236],[-82.2513,37.2727],[-82.2579,37.2789],[-82.2591,37.2793],[-82.2602,37.2788],[-82.2614,37.2788],[-82.2631,37.2792],[-82.2679,37.2827],[-82.2691,37.2841],[-82.2704,37.2877],[-82.2704,37.2899],[-82.271,37.2904],[-82.274,37.2916],[-82.2787,37.2938],[-82.2793,37.2943],[-82.2953,37.3048],[-82.2977,37.3065],[-82.2896,37.3122],[-82.093,37.4496],[-81.9673,37.5372]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Buchanan\",\"state\":\"VA\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6102cbe4b06e28e9c25486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Argentina, Jane E.","contributorId":72117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argentina","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallerman, Eric M.","contributorId":40501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallerman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047546,"text":"70047546 - 2013 - Trends in concentrations of nitrate and total dissolved solids in public supply wells of the Bunker Hill, Lytle, Rialto, and Colton groundwater subbasins, San Bernardino County, California: Influence of legacy land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T14:42:11","indexId":"70047546","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-11T17:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in concentrations of nitrate and total dissolved solids in public supply wells of the Bunker Hill, Lytle, Rialto, and Colton groundwater subbasins, San Bernardino County, California: Influence of legacy land use","docAbstract":"Concentrations and temporal changes in concentrations of nitrate and total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater of the Bunker Hill, Lytle, Rialto, and Colton groundwater subbasins of the Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin were evaluated to identify trends and factors that may be affecting trends. One hundred, thirty-one public-supply wells were selected for analysis based on the availability of data spanning at least 11 years between the late 1980s and the 2000s.\n\nForty-one of the 131 wells (31%) had a significant (p < 0.10) increase in nitrate and 14 wells (11%) had a significant decrease in nitrate. For TDS, 46 wells (35%) had a significant increase and 8 wells (6%) had a significant decrease. Slopes for the observed significant trends ranged from − 0.44 to 0.91 mg/L/yr for nitrate (as N) and − 8 to 13 mg/L/yr for TDS.\n\nIncreasing nitrate trends were associated with greater well depth, higher percentage of agricultural land use, and being closer to the distal end of the flow system. Decreasing nitrate trends were associated with the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); VOC occurrence decreases with increasing depth.\n\nThe relations of nitrate trends to depth, lateral position, and VOCs imply that increasing nitrate concentrations are associated with nitrate loading from historical agricultural land use and that more recent urban land use is generally associated with lower nitrate concentrations and greater VOC occurrence. Increasing TDS trends were associated with relatively greater current nitrate concentrations and relatively greater amounts of urban land. Decreasing TDS trends were associated with relatively greater amounts of natural land use. Trends in TDS concentrations were not related to depth, lateral position, or VOC occurrence, reflecting more complex factors affecting TDS than nitrate in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.042","usgsCitation":"Kent, R., and Landon, M.K., 2013, Trends in concentrations of nitrate and total dissolved solids in public supply wells of the Bunker Hill, Lytle, Rialto, and Colton groundwater subbasins, San Bernardino County, California: Influence of legacy land use: Science of the Total Environment, v. 452-453, p. 125-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.042.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"136","ipdsId":"IP-017192","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276289,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.042"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.8026,33.871 ], [ -117.8026,35.8093 ], [ -114.1308,35.8093 ], [ -114.1308,33.871 ], [ -117.8026,33.871 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"452-453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5208a45de4b0058b906bf5b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, Robert 0000-0003-4174-9467 rhkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-9467","contributorId":1445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Robert","email":"rhkent@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047547,"text":"70047547 - 2013 - Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-24T09:32:03","indexId":"70047547","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-11T17:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3464,"text":"Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover","docAbstract":"The ChemCam instrument package on the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, is the first planetary science instrument to employ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the compositions of geological samples on another planet. Pre-processing of the spectra involves subtracting the ambient light background, removing noise, removing the electron continuum, calibrating for the wavelength, correcting for the variable distance to the target, and applying a wavelength-dependent correction for the instrument response. Further processing of the data uses multivariate and univariate comparisons with a LIBS spectral library developed prior to launch as well as comparisons with several on-board standards post-landing. The level-2 data products include semi-quantitative abundances derived from partial least squares regression.\n\nA LIBS spectral library was developed using 69 rock standards in the form of pressed powder disks, glasses, and ceramics to minimize heterogeneity on the scale of the observation (350–550 μm dia.). The standards covered typical compositional ranges of igneous materials and also included sulfates, carbonates, and phyllosilicates. The provenance and elemental and mineralogical compositions of these standards are described. Spectral characteristics of this data set are presented, including the size distribution and integrated irradiances of the plasmas, and a proxy for plasma temperature as a function of distance from the instrument. Two laboratory-based clones of ChemCam reside in Los Alamos and Toulouse for the purpose of adding new spectra to the database as the need arises. Sensitivity to differences in wavelength correlation to spectral channels and spectral resolution has been investigated, indicating that spectral registration needs to be within half a pixel and resolution needs to match within 1.5 to 2.6 pixels. Absolute errors are tabulated for derived compositions of each major element in each standard using PLS regression. Sources of errors are investigated and discussed, and methods for improving the analytical accuracy of compositions derived from ChemCam spectra are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003","usgsCitation":"Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Lasue, J., Forni, O., Anderson, R., Clegg, S., Bender, S., Blaney, D., Barraclough, B., Cousin, A., DeFlores, L., Delapp, D., Dyar, M., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Lanza, N., Mazoyer, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Perez, R., Tokar, R., and Vaniman, D., 2013, Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, v. 82, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-044322","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276264,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003"}],"volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5208a45ce4b0058b906bf5b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiens, R. C.","contributorId":101893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":18144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasue, J.","contributorId":19856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasue","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forni, O.","contributorId":102354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, R.B.","contributorId":48693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clegg, S.","contributorId":32728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clegg","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bender, S.","contributorId":103038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blaney, D.","contributorId":72513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaney","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Barraclough, B.L.","contributorId":21449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barraclough","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cousin, A.","contributorId":92134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cousin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"DeFlores, L.","contributorId":41714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFlores","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Delapp, D.","contributorId":75056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delapp","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dyar, M.D.","contributorId":21286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyar","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fabre, C.","contributorId":44433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabre","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gasnault, O.","contributorId":31277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasnault","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lanza, N.","contributorId":65372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanza","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Mazoyer, J.","contributorId":47281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazoyer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Melikechi, N.","contributorId":90632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melikechi","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Meslin, P.-Y.","contributorId":95351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meslin","given":"P.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Newsom, H.","contributorId":98934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsom","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Ollila, A.","contributorId":30119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollila","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Perez, R.","contributorId":99037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Tokar, R.","contributorId":86677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokar","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Vaniman, D.","contributorId":16291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaniman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}} ,{"id":70047548,"text":"70047548 - 2013 - Modeling steam pressure under martian lava flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:11:53","indexId":"70047548","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-11T17:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling steam pressure under martian lava flows","docAbstract":"Rootless cones on Mars are a valuable indicator of past interactions between lava and water. However, the details of the lava–water interactions are not fully understood, limiting the ability to use these features to infer new information about past water on Mars. We have developed a model for the pressurization of a dry layer of porous regolith by melting and boiling ground ice in the shallow subsurface. This model builds on previous models of lava cooling and melting of subsurface ice. We find that for reasonable regolith properties and ice depths of decimeters, explosive pressures can be reached. However, the energy stored within such lags is insufficient to excavate thick flows unless they draw steam from a broader region than the local eruption site. These results indicate that lag pressurization can drive rootless cone formation under favorable circumstances, but in other instances molten fuel–coolant interactions are probably required. We use the model results to consider a range of scenarios for rootless cone formation in Athabasca Valles. Pressure buildup by melting and boiling ice under a desiccated lag is possible in some locations, consistent with the expected distribution of ice implanted from atmospheric water vapor. However, it is uncertain whether such ice has existed in the vicinity of Athabasca Valles in recent history. Plausible alternative sources include surface snow or an aqueous flood shortly before the emplacement of the lava flow.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.036","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., and Keszthelyi, L., 2013, Modeling steam pressure under martian lava flows: Icarus, v. 226, no. 1, p. 1058-1067, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1067","ipdsId":"IP-044490","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276286,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.036"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"226","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5208a45ce4b0058b906bf5ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047545,"text":"70047545 - 2013 - Measuring environmental change in forest ecosystems by repeated soil sampling: a North American perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-11T17:39:37","indexId":"70047545","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-11T17:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring environmental change in forest ecosystems by repeated soil sampling: a North American perspective","docAbstract":"Environmental change is monitored in North America through repeated measurements of weather, stream and river flow, air and water quality, and most recently, soil properties. Some skepticism remains, however, about whether repeated soil sampling can effectively distinguish between temporal and spatial variability, and efforts to document soil change in forest ecosystems through repeated measurements are largely nascent and uncoordinated. In eastern North America, repeated soil sampling has begun to provide valuable information on environmental problems such as air pollution. This review synthesizes the current state of the science to further the development and use of soil resampling as an integral method for recording and understanding environmental change in forested settings. The origins of soil resampling reach back to the 19th century in England and Russia. The concepts and methodologies involved in forest soil resampling are reviewed and evaluated through a discussion of how temporal and spatial variability can be addressed with a variety of sampling approaches. Key resampling studies demonstrate the type of results that can be obtained through differing approaches. Ongoing, large-scale issues such as recovery from acidification, long-term N deposition, C sequestration, effects of climate change, impacts from invasive species, and the increasing intensification of soil management all warrant the use of soil resampling as an essential tool for environmental monitoring and assessment. Furthermore, with better awareness of the value of soil resampling, studies can be designed with a long-term perspective so that information can be efficiently obtained well into the future to address problems that have not yet surfaced.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Crop Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2012.0378","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., Fernandez, I.J., Richter, D.D., Ross, D., Hazlett, P.W., Bailey, S.W., , O., Warby, R.A., Johnson, A.H., Lin, H., Kaste, J.M., Lapenis, A.G., and Sullivan, T.J., 2013, Measuring environmental change in forest ecosystems by repeated soil sampling: a North American perspective: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 42, no. 3, p. 623-639, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0378.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"639","ipdsId":"IP-043243","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276284,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0378"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5208a45ce4b0058b906bf5a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, Ivan J.","contributorId":80174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Daniel D.","contributorId":99458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, Donald S.","contributorId":9565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hazlett, Paul W.","contributorId":101177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazlett","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bailey, Scott W. 0000-0002-9160-156X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X","contributorId":36840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":" Oiumet","contributorId":42864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Oiumet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warby, Richard A.F.","contributorId":94950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warby","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Arthur H.","contributorId":55732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lin, Henry","contributorId":76636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kaste, James M.","contributorId":28159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaste","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lapenis, Andrew G.","contributorId":35635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":77812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ]}