{"pageNumber":"1482","pageRowStart":"37025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41025,"records":[{"id":70015666,"text":"70015666 - 1986 - Aqueous dissolution, solubilities and thermodynamic stabilities of common aluminosilicate clay minerals: Kaolinite and smectites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T13:56:29.965089","indexId":"70015666","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous dissolution, solubilities and thermodynamic stabilities of common aluminosilicate clay minerals: Kaolinite and smectites","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>Determinations of the aqueous solubilities of kaolinite at pH 4, and of five smectite minerals in suspensions set between pH 5 and 8, were undertaken with mineral suspensions adjusted to approach equilibrium from over- and undersaturation. After 1,237 days, Dry Branch, Georgia kaolinite suspensions attained equilibrium solubility with respect to the kaolinite, for which<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>eq</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= (2.72 ± 0.35) × 10<sup>7</sup>. The experimentally determined Gibbs free energy of formation (<i>ΔG</i><sub><i>f</i>,298</sub><sup>0</sup>) for the kaolinite is −3,789.51 ± 6.60 kj mol<sup>−1</sup>. Equilibrium solubilities could not be determined for the smectites because the composition of the solution phase in the smectite suspensions appeared to be controlled by the formation of gibbsite or amorphous aluminum hydroxide and not by the smectites, preventing attempts to determine valid<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ΔG</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values for these complex aluminosilicate clay minerals. Reported solubility-based<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ΔG</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>determinations for smectites and other variable composition aluminosilicate clay minerals are shown to be invalid because of experimental deficiencies and of conceptual flaws arising from the nature of the minerals themselves. Because of the variable composition of smectites and similar minerals, it is concluded that reliable equilibrium solubilities and solubility-derived<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ΔG</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values can neither be rigorously determined by conventional experimental procedures, nor applied in equilibriabased models of smectite-water interactions.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90129-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"May, H.M., Klnniburgh, D., Helmke, P., and Jackson, M.L., 1986, Aqueous dissolution, solubilities and thermodynamic stabilities of common aluminosilicate clay minerals: Kaolinite and smectites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 8, p. 1667-1677, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90129-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1667","endPage":"1677","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed15e4b0c8380cd49603","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Howard M.","contributorId":27202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klnniburgh, D.G.","contributorId":72138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klnniburgh","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helmke, P.A.","contributorId":67225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmke","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, Melanie L.","contributorId":34548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70196010,"text":"70196010 - 1986 - An overview of rates of chemical weathering","indexId":"70196010","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"An overview of rates of chemical weathering"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","indexId":"70196011","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70196013,"text":"70196013 - 1986 - Levels of time information in weathering measurements, with examples from weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in the Western United States","indexId":"70196013","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"15","title":"Levels of time information in weathering measurements, with examples from weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in the Western United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70196011,"text":"70196011 - 1986 - Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","indexId":"70196011","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T14:28:18","indexId":"70196011","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","docAbstract":"<p>Researchers in geomorphology, geochemistry, quaternary geology, soil science, and mineralogy will welcome this volume, the first to focus exclusively on rates of silicate chemical weathering. Consisting largely of previously unpublished data from six countries, the volume examines the latest experimental, modelling, and field results.</p><p>New information is presented on topics of current research interest, including inferences about chemical mechanisms at the level of mineral surfaces, and data relating weathering rates to landscape evolution over millions of years. The volume integrates the variety of approaches used by diverse subdisciplines in the assessment of weathering rates, and provides up-to-date references.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","isbn":"9780121814908","usgsCitation":"1986, Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals, 603 p.","productDescription":"603 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/rates-of-chemical-weathering-of-rocks-and-minerals/colman/978-0-08-091737-5"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9b7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M.","contributorId":6439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730906,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014599,"text":"70014599 - 1986 - Geochemical correlation of surface and subsurface oils, western Greece","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T15:31:33.350164","indexId":"70014599","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical correlation of surface and subsurface oils, western Greece","docAbstract":"<div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Biodegraded seep oils, devoid of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i>-alkanes and most isoprenoid hydrocarbons, were successfully correlated with subsurface crude oils in western Greece primarily using carbon isotopes and the more microbially resistant tricyclic terpane and aromatic steroid hydrocarbon distributions. All the studied oils seem to fit into three major genetic groups which are consistent with the geologic, tectonic, and geographic settings and are presumably related to different source-rock facies.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Group I oils are typical of the abundant oil shows in the Epirus province, northwest Greece. Minor but consistent biomarker differences necessitated subgrouping of the Epirus oils, implying derivation from slightly different sources. Group II oils are located in the Katakolon area, northwestern Peloponnese. Group III oils, which are clearly distinct from the other groups, are centered in Zakynthos Island. An oil seep at Trifos, west central Greece, and a subsurface oil from Paxi Island, because of uncertain correlations, are classed intermediate between Group I and II oils.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">An aromatic steroid hydrocarbon measurement, modified after Mackenzie<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(1981), appears useful in determining the relative maturity of biodegraded and conventional oils and carbonate rock extracts.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(86)90041-0","usgsCitation":"Palacas, J.G., Monopolis, D., Nicolaou, C., and Anders, D., 1986, Geochemical correlation of surface and subsurface oils, western Greece: Organic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 1-3, p. 417-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(86)90041-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greece","otherGeospatial":"western Greece","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              19.431315002061467,\n              39.817856590847555\n            ],\n            [\n              20.21887690539863,\n              37.84144645038859\n            ],\n            [\n              21.713878181213346,\n              36.10856946832723\n            ],\n            [\n              22.867793483792155,\n              36.435939405468844\n            ],\n            [\n              21.337551272556993,\n              39.998510900084824\n            ],\n            [\n              20.410680559074393,\n              40.067755947835835\n            ],\n            [\n              19.431315002061467,\n              39.817856590847555\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15fbe4b0c8380cd54ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palacas, J. G.","contributorId":18359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monopolis, D.","contributorId":13381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monopolis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicolaou, C.A.","contributorId":89289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolaou","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anders, D.E.","contributorId":28960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014620,"text":"70014620 - 1986 - METEORIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014620","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3280,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"METEORIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS.","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes the salient characteristics of meteoric-hydrothermal systems, emphasing the isotopic systematics. Discussions of permeable-medium fluid dynamics and the geology and geochemistry of modern geothermal systems are also provided, because they are essential to any understanding of hydrothermal circulation. The main focus of the paper is on regions of ancient meteoric-hydrothermal activity, which give us information about the presently inaccessible, deep-level parts of modern geothermal systems. It is shown oxygen and hydrogen isotopes provide a powerful method to discover and map fossil hydrothermal systems and to investigate diverse associated aspects of rock alteration and ore deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02750279","usgsCitation":"Criss, R.E., and Taylor, H.P., 1986, METEORIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS.: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 16, p. 373-424.","startPage":"373","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ac2e4b0c8380cd69005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criss, Robert E.","contributorId":39447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Hugh P. Jr.","contributorId":101028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Hugh","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015699,"text":"70015699 - 1986 - Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015699","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid","docAbstract":"Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10-100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371224","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fujimaki, H., 1986, Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 94, no. 1, p. 42-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371224.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371224"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753ae4b0c8380cd77a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujimaki, H.","contributorId":96014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujimaki","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014982,"text":"70014982 - 1986 - Predicting two-dimensional steady-state soil freezing fronts using the CVBEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T13:32:59.291979","indexId":"70014982","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2332,"text":"Journal of Heat Transfer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting two-dimensional steady-state soil freezing fronts using the CVBEM","docAbstract":"The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used instead of a real variable boundary element method due to the available modeling error evaluation techniques developed. The modeling accuracy is evaluated by the model-user in the determination of an approximative boundary upon which the CVBEM provides an exact solution. Although inhomogeneity (and anisotropy) can be included in the CVBEM model, the resulting fully populated matrix system quickly becomes large. Therefore in this paper, the domain is assumed homogeneous and isotropic except for differences in frozen and thawed conduction parameters on either side of the freezing front. The example problems presented were obtained by use of a popular 64K microcomputer (the current version of the program used in this study has the capacity to accommodate 30 nodal points).","language":"English","publisher":"ASME","doi":"10.1115/1.3246896","issn":"00221481","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., 1986, Predicting two-dimensional steady-state soil freezing fronts using the CVBEM: Journal of Heat Transfer, v. 108, no. 1, p. 235-237, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3246896.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7371e4b0c8380cd7702f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014654,"text":"70014654 - 1986 - Electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption conditions and matrix modifications for determining antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, gallium, gold, indium, lead, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, selenium, silver, tellurium, thallium and tin following back-extraction of organic aminohalide extracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:10:59.013672","indexId":"70014654","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption conditions and matrix modifications for determining antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, gallium, gold, indium, lead, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, selenium, silver, tellurium, thallium and tin following back-extraction of organic aminohalide extracts","docAbstract":"A multi-element organic-extraction and back-extraction procedure, that had been developed previously to eliminate matrix interferences in the determination of a large number of trace elements in complex materials such as geological samples, produced organic and aqueous solutions that were complex. Electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption conditions and matrix modifications have been developed for 13 of the extracted elements (Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Ga, In, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te and Tl) that enhance sensitivity, alleviate problems resulting from the complex solutions and produce acceptable precision. Platinum, Pd and Mo can be determined without matrix modification directly on the original unstripped extracts.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/JA98601BX015","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.R., 1986, Electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption conditions and matrix modifications for determining antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, gallium, gold, indium, lead, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, selenium, silver, tellurium, thallium and tin following back-extraction of organic aminohalide extracts: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 301-308, https://doi.org/10.1039/JA98601BX015.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08afe4b0c8380cd51c1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. R.","contributorId":55764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015588,"text":"70015588 - 1986 - Cluster molecular orbital description of the electronic structures of mixed-valence iron oxides and silicates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:18:59.540698","indexId":"70015588","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3425,"text":"Solid State Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cluster molecular orbital description of the electronic structures of mixed-valence iron oxides and silicates","docAbstract":"<p><span>A molecular orbital description, based on spin-unrestricted&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><span>α-scattered wave calculations, is given for the electronic structures of mixed valence iron oxides and silicates. The cluster calculations show that electron hopping and optical intervalence charge-transger result from weak FeFe bonding across shared edges of FeO</span><sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;coordination polyhedra. In agreement with Zener's double exchange model, FeFe bonding is found to stabilize ferromagnetic coupling between Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and Fe</span><sup>3+</sup><span>&nbsp;cations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-1098(86)90509-0","issn":"00381098","usgsCitation":"Sherman, D.M., 1986, Cluster molecular orbital description of the electronic structures of mixed-valence iron oxides and silicates: Solid State Communications, v. 58, no. 10, p. 719-723, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(86)90509-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f677e4b0c8380cd4c7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherman, David M.","contributorId":73218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015575,"text":"70015575 - 1986 - A finite element model for tidal and residual circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T15:45:28.62196","indexId":"70015575","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1280,"text":"Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A finite element model for tidal and residual circulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Harmonic decomposition is applied to the shallow water equations, thereby creating a system of equations for the amplitude of the various tidal constituents and for the residual motions. The resulting equations are elliptic in nature, are well posed and in practice are shown to be numerically well-behaved. There are a number of strategies for choosing elements: the two extremes are to use a few high-order elements with continous derivatives, or to use a large number of simpler linear elements. In this paper simple linear elements are used and prove effective.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/cnm.1630020410","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1986, A finite element model for tidal and residual circulation: Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, v. 2, no. 4, p. 393-398, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630020410.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e76e4b0c8380cd5347a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008656,"text":"1008656 - 1986 - Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T13:14:15.863213","indexId":"1008656","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><a id=\"skipNav\" class=\"screenreader-text\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on#\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\" data-mce-tabindex=\"-1\">Skip Nav Destination</a></p><div class=\"widget widget-SplitView widget-instance-SplitView_Article\"><div class=\"article\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleMainView widget-instance-ArticleMainView_Split\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleTopInfo widget-instance-ArticleTopInfo_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget article-top-widget content-metadata_wrap\"><div class=\"article-groups left-flag\"><span class=\"article-client_type\">RESEARCH ARTICLE</span><span class=\"pipe\">|</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"article-date\">JULY 01, 1986</span></div><div class=\"widget-items\"><h1 class=\"wi-article-title article-title-main\">Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"icon-availability_unlocked\" title=\"Available\"></i></h1><div class=\"wi-authors\"><div class=\"al-authors-list\"><div class=\"al-author-name\"><a class=\"linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger\">KENNETH L. PIERCE</a><span class=\"al-author-delim\">;</span></div><span>&nbsp;</span><div class=\"al-author-name\"><a class=\"linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger\">STEVEN M. COLMAN</a></div></div></div><div class=\"js-author-expand-collapse-metadata-wrap author-expand-collapse-metadata-wrap stats-article-metadata-trigger-wrap\"><a class=\"js-expand-collapse-metadata author-expand-collapse-metadata stats-article-metadata-trigger\"><i class=\"js-metadata-toggle-icon icon-general-add\"></i>Author and Article Information</a></div><div class=\"pub-history-wrap clearfix\"><div class=\"pub-history-row clearfix\"><div class=\"ww-citation-primary\">GSA Bulletin (1986) 97 (7): 869–885.</div></div><div class=\"pub-history-row citation-wrap-row clearfix\"><div class=\"ww-citation-wrap-doi\"><div class=\"citation-doi\"><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C869:EOHAOM%3E2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C869:EOHAOM%3E2.0.CO;2\">https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97&lt;869:EOHAOM&gt;2.0.CO;2</a></div></div><div class=\"ww-citation-history-wrap js-history-dropdown-wrap\"><a class=\"history-label js-history-dropdown-trigger\"><span>Article history</span><i class=\"icon-history-small\"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"toolbar-wrap vt-toolbar-wrap\"><div class=\"toolbar-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"toolbar-inner-wrap \"><ul id=\"Toolbar\" class=\"debug js-toolbar toolbar\"><li class=\"toolbar-item item-link\"><a class=\"standard-view\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-standard/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-standard/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\">Standard View</a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-pdf\"><a class=\"al-link pdf openInAnotherWindow stats-item-pdf-download js-download-file-gtm-datalayer-event  article-pdfLink\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/97/7/869/3434736/i0016-7606-97-7-869.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-resourceid=\"188507\" data-resourcetypeid=\"Article\" data-doi=\"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2\" data-doctype=\"contentPdf\" data-article-id=\"188507\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/97/7/869/3434736/i0016-7606-97-7-869.pdf\"><span class=\"screenreader-text\">Open the</span><i class=\"icon-menu_pdf-small\"></i><span>PDF<span class=\"screenreader-text\">for in another window</span></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-cite\"><a class=\"js-toolbar-dropdown\" data-dropdown=\"CiteDrop\"><i class=\"icon-cite\"></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\">Cite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"icon-general_arrow-down arrow-icon\"></i></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-share\"><a class=\"drop-trigger js-toolbar-dropdown at-ShareButton\" data-dropdown=\"ShareDrop\"><i class=\"icon-menu_share\"><span class=\"screenreader-text\">Share Icon</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\">Share</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"arrow-icon icon-general_arrow-down js-toolbar-arrow-icon\"></i></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-tools\"><div class=\"widget widget-ToolboxPermissions widget-instance-ToolboxPermissions_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><a id=\"PermissionsLink\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http://www.copyright.com/openurl.do?issn=1943-2674&amp;WT.mc.id=\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.copyright.com/openurl.do?issn=1943-2674&amp;WT.mc.id=\"><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\"><i id=\"toolbar-permissions-icon\" class=\"icon-menu_permissions\"></i><span id=\"toolbar-permissions-link-text\" class=\"toolbar-text\">Permissions</span></span></span></a></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=\"article-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleFulltext widget-instance-ArticleFulltext_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"ArticleFulltext\"><h2 id=\"15238950\" class=\"abstract-title jumplink-heading\" data-section-title=\"Abstract\">Abstract</h2><div><div id=\"15238950\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate.</p><p>If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope movement is<span>&nbsp;</span><i>directly proportional to surface gradient</i>, the evolution of the scarp is modeled by the diffusion equation. For a group of scarps of same age and known starting angle, the diffusion-equation model predicts the relation between maximum scarp angle (\uD835\uDEC9) and scarp height (<i>h</i>). Late Pleistocene terrace scarps now as steep as 33.25°, as well as measured angles of repose for sand and gravel, require a starting angle as steep as 33.5°. For latest Pleistocene Idaho and Utah scarps, as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><span>&nbsp;</span>increases, \uD835\uDEC9 is gentler (more degraded) than modeled by the diffusion equation with a constant rate coefficient. The degradation-rate coefficient (<i>c</i>) increases tenfold with scarp height; it should not change with scarp height if downslope movement is solely determined by surface gradient (to the first power). Soil wash appears to be responsible for this departure from the diffusion-equation model, for transport rate by soil wash is a function of scarp size (height).</p><p>South-facing scarps are less vegetated and more degraded than north-facing scarps. For scarps 2 m high, the degradation rate (<i>c</i>*) on S-facing scarps is 2 times that on N-facing scarps; for 10-m scarps, it is 5 times.</p><p>The observed dependence of the rate coefficient<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* on scarp height can be removed by normalizing<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* to values for west-facing scarps of the same height. The residual<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* values calculated by this method correlate well with differences in incident solar radiation resulting from the different scarp orientations and maximum gradients. This correlation demonstrates the importance of orientation on slope processes and their rates through the differences in freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture, and vegetative cover.</p><p>Scarp morphology may be used to estimate age, if one accounts for the effects of climate and for scarp height, orientation, and lithology. For example, using the dated Bonneville shoreline scarps for calibration and comparing only scarps of equal height, we estimate the Drum Mountains fault scarps to be 9,000 yr old. This age is about twice that produced by previous diffusion-equation calculations that have not accounted for the height as we have here, but it is the same as independent geologic estimates of their age.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Colman, S.M., 1986, Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 869-885, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":130783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              41.825459410226074\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59415057981727,\n              41.825459410226074\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59415057981727,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015555,"text":"70015555 - 1986 - The problem of complex eigensystems in the semianalytical solution for advancement of time in solute transport simulations: a new method using real arithmetic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:32:15","indexId":"70015555","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The problem of complex eigensystems in the semianalytical solution for advancement of time in solute transport simulations: a new method using real arithmetic","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the numerical modeling of groundwater solute transport, explicit solutions may be obtained for the concentration field at any future time without computing concentrations at intermediate times. The spatial variables are discretized and time is left continuous in the governing differential equation. These semianalytical solutions have been presented in the literature and involve the eigensystem of a coefficient matrix. This eigensystem may be complex (i.e., have imaginary components) due to the asymmetry created by the advection term in the governing advection-dispersion equation. Previous investigators have either used complex arithmetic to represent a complex eigensystem or chosen large dispersivity values for which the imaginary components of the complex eigenvalues may be ignored without significant error. It is shown here that the error due to ignoring the imaginary components of complex eigenvalues is large for small dispersivity values. A new algorithm that represents the complex eigensystem by converting it to a real eigensystem is presented. The method requires only real arithmetic.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i007p01149","usgsCitation":"Umari, A., and Gorelick, S.M., 1986, The problem of complex eigensystems in the semianalytical solution for advancement of time in solute transport simulations: a new method using real arithmetic: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 7, p. 1149-1154, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i007p01149.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a737ae4b0c8380cd77068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Umari, Amjad M.J.","contributorId":72806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Umari","given":"Amjad M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":69295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014589,"text":"70014589 - 1986 - SIMULATION OF PEANUT GROWTH IN OKLAHOMA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014589","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SIMULATION OF PEANUT GROWTH IN OKLAHOMA.","docAbstract":"Two peanut growth models of varying complexity were calibrated for Oklahoma varieties and growing conditions. Both models predicted pod growth quite well. The models were then used to simulate the effects of various soil moisture levels on peanut growth. The more complex model has potential as a management tool.","largerWorkTitle":"Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers","conferenceTitle":"1986 Winter Meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers.","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASAE","publisherLocation":"St. Joseph, MI, USA","issn":"01450166","usgsCitation":"Grosz, G.D., Elliott, R.L., and Young, J.H., 1986, SIMULATION OF PEANUT GROWTH IN OKLAHOMA., <i>in</i> Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, IL, USA.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf5ae4b0c8380cd87543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosz, Gerald D.","contributorId":13491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Ronald L.","contributorId":33987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, James H.","contributorId":36809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015726,"text":"70015726 - 1986 - Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015726","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging","docAbstract":"Cokriging is applied to estimation of missing monthly streamflow values in three records from gaging stations in west central Virginia. Missing values are estimated from optimal consideration of the pattern of auto- and cross-correlation among standardized residual log-flow records. Investigation of the sensitivity of estimation to data configuration showed that when observations are available within two months of a missing value, estimation is improved by accounting for correlation. Concurrent and lag-one observations tend to screen the influence of other available observations. Three models of covariance structure in residual log-flow records are compared using cross-validation. Models differ in how much monthly variation they allow in covariance. Precision of estimation, reflected in mean squared error (MSE), proved to be insensitive to this choice. Cross-validation is suggested as a tool for choosing an inverse transformation when an initial nonlinear transformation is applied to flow values. ?? 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00899744","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Solow, A., and Gorelick, S., 1986, Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging: Mathematical Geology, v. 18, no. 8, p. 785-809, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00899744.","startPage":"785","endPage":"809","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899744"},{"id":223785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b2ee4b0c8380cd525ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solow, A.R.","contributorId":9404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solow","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015035,"text":"70015035 - 1986 - The solubility of BaCO<sub>3</sub>(cr) (witherite) in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O solutions between 0 and 90°C, evaluation of the association constants of BaHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) and BaCO<sub>3</sub><sup>0</sup>(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and a preliminary evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Ba<sup>2+</sup>(aq)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:07:51","indexId":"70015035","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubility of BaCO<sub>3</sub>(cr) (witherite) in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O solutions between 0 and 90°C, evaluation of the association constants of BaHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) and BaCO<sub>3</sub><sup>0</sup>(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and a preliminary evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Ba<sup>2+</sup>(aq)","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">One hundred and fifty new measurements of the solubility of witherite were used to evaluate the equilibrium constant of the reaction&nbsp;<i>BaCO</i><sub>3</sub>(<i>cr</i>) =&nbsp;<i>Ba</i><sup>2+</sup>(<i>aq</i>) +&nbsp;<i>CO</i><sub>3</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>(<i>aq</i>) between 0 and 90&deg;C and 1 atm total pressure. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is given by&nbsp;<i>log</i><i>K</i>&nbsp;= 607.642 + 0.121098<i>T</i>&nbsp;&minus; 20011.25/<i>T</i>&nbsp;&minus; 236.4948&nbsp;<i>log</i><i>T</i>&nbsp;where&nbsp;<i>T</i>&nbsp;is in degrees Kelvin. The&nbsp;<i>log</i><i>K</i>&nbsp;of BaCO<sub>3</sub>(cr), the Gibbs energy, the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 298.15 K are &minus;8.562, 48.87 kJ &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>, 2.94 kJ &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>and &minus;154.0 J &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;&middot; K<sup>&minus;1</sup>, respectively. The equilibrium constants are consistent with an aqueous model that includes the ion pairs BaHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) and BaCO<sub>3</sub><sup>0</sup>(aq) Three different methods were used to evaluate the association constant of BaHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq), and all yielded similar results. The temperature dependence of the association constant for the reaction&nbsp;<i>Ba</i><sup>2+</sup>(<i>aq</i>) +&nbsp;<i>HCO</i><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup>(<i>aq</i>) =&nbsp;<i>BaHCO</i><sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(<i>aq</i>) is given by&nbsp;<i>log</i><i>K</i><sub><i>BaHCO</i>3<sup>+</sup></sub>&nbsp;= &minus;3.0938 + 0.013669<i>T</i>.</p>\n<p id=\"\">The log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 298.15&deg;K are 0.982, &minus;5.606 kJ &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>, 23.26 kJ &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;and 96.8 J &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;&middot; K<sup>&minus;1</sup>, respectively. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant for the reaction&nbsp;<i>Ba</i><sup>2+</sup>(<i>aq</i>) +&nbsp;<i>CO</i><sup>2&minus;</sup><sub>3</sub>(<i>aq</i>) =&nbsp;<i>BaCO</i><sub>0</sub><sup>3</sup>(<i>aq</i>) is given by<i>log</i><i>K</i><sub><i>BaCO</i><sub>3</sub><sup>0</sup></sub>&nbsp;= 0.113 + 0.008721<i>T</i>.</p>\n<p id=\"\">The log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 298.15&deg; K are 2.71, &minus;15.49 kJ &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>, 14.84 kJ &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;and 101.7 J&middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;&middot; K<sup>&minus;1</sup>.</p>\n<p id=\"\">The above model leads to reliable calculations of the aqueous speciation and solubility of witherite in the system BaCO<sub>3</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O from 0 to more than 90&deg;C. Literature data on witherite solubility were re-evaluated and compared with the results of this study.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Problems in the thennodynamic selections of Ba compounds are considered. Newer data require the revision of &Delta;<sub>f</sub>H&deg; and &Delta;<sub>f</sub>G&deg; of Ba<sup>2+</sup>(aq) to &minus;532.5 and &minus;555.36 kJ &middot; mol<sup>&minus;1</sup>, respectively, for agreement with solubility data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90077-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 1986, The solubility of BaCO<sub>3</sub>(cr) (witherite) in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O solutions between 0 and 90°C, evaluation of the association constants of BaHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) and BaCO<sub>3</sub><sup>0</sup>(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and a preliminary evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Ba<sup>2+</sup>(aq): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 10, p. 2225-2233, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90077-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2225","endPage":"2233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb040e4b08c986b324d2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014482,"text":"70014482 - 1986 - Local Magnetic Fields, Uplift, Gravity, and Dilational Strain Changes in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T00:18:04.582818","indexId":"70014482","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local Magnetic Fields, Uplift, Gravity, and Dilational Strain Changes in Southern California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"article-overiew-abstract-wrap\"><p class=\"global-para-14\">Measurements of regional magnetic field during gravity, strain and leveling surveys near the San Andreas fault at Cajon, Palmdale and Tejon are strongly correlated with changes in gravity, areal strain, and uplift in these regions during the period 1977-1984. This correlation principally depends on data taken during 1978-79 and 1981-82 when episodes of the ‘Palmdale Uplift’ occurred in this general region. Because the inferred relationships between these parameters are in approximate agreement with those obtained from simple deformation models, the preferred explanation appeals to short-term strain episodes independently detected in each data set. Transfer functions from magnetic to strain, gravity, and uplift perturbations, obtained by least-square linear fits to the data, are -0.98nT/ppm, -0.03nT/μGal, and 9.1nT/m respectively. Tectonomagnetic model calculations underestimate the observed changes and those reported previously for dam loading and volcano-magnetic observations. A less likely alternative explanation of the observed data appeals to a common source of meteorologically generated crustal or instrumental noise in the strain, gravity, magnetic, and uplift data.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.5636/jgg.38.933","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., 1986, Local Magnetic Fields, Uplift, Gravity, and Dilational Strain Changes in Southern California: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 38, no. 10, p. 933-947, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.38.933.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"947","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480540,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.38.933","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48dee4b0c8380cd681b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014881,"text":"70014881 - 1986 - Alternate forms of the associated Legendre functions for use in geomagnetic modeling.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T00:12:27.3837","indexId":"70014881","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternate forms of the associated Legendre functions for use in geomagnetic modeling.","docAbstract":"<p><span>An inconvenience attending traditional use of associated Legendre functions in global modeling is that the functions are not separable with respect to the two indices (order and degree). In 1973 Merilees suggested a way to avoid the problem by showing that associated Legendre functions of order&nbsp;</span><i>m</i><span>&nbsp;and degree&nbsp;</span><i>m+k</i><span>&nbsp;can be expressed in terms of elementary functions as</span><br><span>P</span><sup>m</sup><sub>m+k</sub><span>(θ)=sin</span><sup>m</sup><span>(θ)∑</span><sup>k</sup><sub>i=0</sub><span>a</span><sup>m</sup><sub>ki</sub><span>cos(iθ)</span><br><span>where&nbsp;</span><i>a<sup>m</sup><sub>ki</sub></i><span>, the constants to be determined, are somewhat analogous to Fourier coefficients. Merilees noted that there are several advantages to using this form, but he also raises a question of precision for degree and order greater than 25. This note calls attention to some possible gains in time savings and accuracy in geomagnetic modeling based upon this form. For this purpose, expansions of associated Legendre polynomials in terms of sines and cosines of multiple angles are displayed up to degree and order 10. Examples are also given explaining how some surface spherical harmonics can be transformed into true Fourier series for selected polar great circle paths.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.5636/jgg.38.599","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., and Benton, E., 1986, Alternate forms of the associated Legendre functions for use in geomagnetic modeling.: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 38, no. 6, p. 599-609, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.38.599.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"609","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.38.599","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e97de4b0c8380cd482fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benton, E.R.","contributorId":100550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benton","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014593,"text":"70014593 - 1986 - MODE IDENTIFICATION OF AN ARCH DAM BY A DYNAMIC AIR-GUN TEST.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014593","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODE IDENTIFICATION OF AN ARCH DAM BY A DYNAMIC AIR-GUN TEST.","docAbstract":"Thirteen natural frequencies of a concrete arch dam (Monticello Dam near Sacramento, California) have been identified by using a dynamic testing method which employs an air gun firing in the reservoir as the excitation source. These vibrations modes are determined from the peak responses in the Fourier amplitude spectra of the free-vibration data recorded at three crest locations using three-component geophones. Comparisons of the first five natural frequencies with results obtained by forced vibration tests using rotating mass shakers show good agreement. The next eight higher-frequency modes, not previously identified, are determined from data of the present tests.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Inst","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA, USA","isbn":"0943198070","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., Fedock, J.J., and Fletcher, J.B., 1986, MODE IDENTIFICATION OF AN ARCH DAM BY A DYNAMIC AIR-GUN TEST., Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering., Charleston, SC, USA, p. 753-764.","startPage":"753","endPage":"764","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad1e4b0c8380cd6908f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":82705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fedock, Joseph J.","contributorId":37082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedock","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon B.","contributorId":65614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014601,"text":"70014601 - 1986 - EVIDENCE FOR THREE MODERATE TO LARGE PREHISTORIC HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES NEAR CHARLESTON, S. C.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014601","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EVIDENCE FOR THREE MODERATE TO LARGE PREHISTORIC HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES NEAR CHARLESTON, S. C.","docAbstract":"Earthquake-induced liquefaction features (sand blows), found near Hollywood, S. C. , have yielded abundant clasts of humate-impregnated sand and sparse pieces of wood. Radiocarbon ages for the humate and wood provide sufficient control on the timing of the earthquakes that produced the sand blows to indicate that at least three prehistoric liquefaction-producing earthquakes (m//b approximately 5. 5 or larger) have occurred within the last 7,200 years. The youngest documented prehistoric earthquake occurred around 800 A. D. A few fractures filled with virtually unweathered sand, but no large sand blows, can be assigned confidently to the historic 1886 Charleston earthquake.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Inst","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA, USA","isbn":"0943198070","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Obermeier, S.F., Pavich, M.J., Gohn, G., Rubin, M., Phipps, R.L., and Jacobson, R.B., 1986, EVIDENCE FOR THREE MODERATE TO LARGE PREHISTORIC HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES NEAR CHARLESTON, S. C., Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering., v. 1, Charleston, SC, USA, p. 3-13.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a046ae4b0c8380cd50989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obermeier, Stephen F.","contributorId":102482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory S.","contributorId":50155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, Meyer","contributorId":107283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Meyer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phipps, Richard L.","contributorId":52122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70014907,"text":"70014907 - 1986 - Geochemical evaluation of the geothermal resources in the San Marcos region, Guatemala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T12:00:48.438741","indexId":"70014907","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evaluation of the geothermal resources in the San Marcos region, Guatemala","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>The chemical and isotopic compositions of hot springs in the San Marcos region of Guatemala are internally consistent with a hydrologic model in which a deep 240°C reservoir and one or more shallow 195–200°C reservoirs are present. Variations in hot-spring water compositions results from a combination of boiling, mixing with cold, dilute water, and chemical re-equilibration with decreasing temperature. The recharge water for the deep 240°C reservoir is isotopically heavier than the local meteoric water and probably comes from many kilometers to the west or southwest. The water in the shallow reservoir is a mixture of the 240°C water with about 20 ± 5% of cold, locally derived meteoric water. After mixing, the water in the shallow reservoir re-equilibrates with reservoir rock at 195–200°C. In some places additional mixing with cold water occurs after water leaves the shallow reservoir.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(86)90003-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., and Hanshaw, B., 1986, Geochemical evaluation of the geothermal resources in the San Marcos region, Guatemala: Applied Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 2, p. 189-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(86)90003-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guatemala","otherGeospatial":"San Marcos region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.30457167904422,\n              15.192703383961145\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.30457167904422,\n              13.874584601409012\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59143202817909,\n              13.874584601409012\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59143202817909,\n              15.192703383961145\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.30457167904422,\n              15.192703383961145\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1628e4b0c8380cd55079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015057,"text":"70015057 - 1986 - Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:19:09.32694","indexId":"70015057","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p><span>The remanent magnetization of volcanic rocks has been determined at 650 sites in the San Francisco volcanic field in the southern part of the Colorado Plateau. The polarity of remanent magnetization—combined with K-Ar age determinations, spatial and petrographic associations, stratigraphic relations, and state of preservation of the cinder cones—provides a basis for assignment to known magnetic polarity epochs of 610 mafic vents and &gt;100 intermediate to silicic flows, flow sequences, and vents. The age assignments for basaltic rocks include 243 Brunhes (&lt;0.73 Ma) vents, 220 Matuyama (0.73 to 2.48 Ma) vents, and 147 pre-Matuyama (2.48 to about 5.0 Ma) vents. Basaltic volcanism migrated northeastward before Matuyama time at a rate of ∼1.2 cm/yr and eastward (S87° ± 5°E) over the past 2.5 m.y. at a rate of 2.9 ± 0.3 cm/yr. Concomitant acceleration in total magma production (from 75 to 1,400 × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr) and frequency of basaltic eruptions (from 1 per 17,000 yr to 1 per 3,000 yr) occurred between 5 and 0.25 Ma. For the past 0.25 m.y., magma production (∼180 × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr) and perhaps eruption frequency have decreased. This evolutionary sequence, coupled with the lead and strontium-isotopic composition of the rocks, can be explained by magmatism caused by shear heating at the base of the lithosphere. We propose that this eastward drift of volcanic activity represents absolute westward motion of the North American plate. Our model is in agreement with a model in which the African plate is fixed to the deep mantle.</span></p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C129:MOVITS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Shoemaker, E., Ulrich, G., and Wolfe, E., 1986, Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 2, p. 129-141, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C129:MOVITS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224128,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              34.82282272723702\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              34.82282272723702\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              36.686041276581925\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              36.686041276581925\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              34.82282272723702\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5710e4b0c8380cd6da1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, E.M.","contributorId":81499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulrich, G. E.","contributorId":88737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, E.W.","contributorId":57470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014490,"text":"70014490 - 1986 - Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014490","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"he western interior of North America has the only known non-marine sections that contain the iridium-rich clay interpreted as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary1-7. Because vegetation and climate can be directly inferred from physiognomy of leaves8-15 and because leaf species typically represent low taxonomic categories, studies of leaf floras in these sections provide data on the effects of a terminal Cretaceous event on the land flora, vegetation and climate. A previous study based on detailed sampling of leaves and their dispersed cuticle16 in the Raton Basin provides a framework for interpretation of other leaf sequences over 20 degrees of latitude. We conclude that at the boundary there were: (1) High levels of extinction in the south and low levels in the north; (2) major ecological disruption followed by long-term vegetational changes that mimicked normal ecological succession; (3) a major increase in precipitation; and (4) a brief, low-temperature excursion, which supports models of an 'impact winter'. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/324148a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., and Upchurch, G., 1986, Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 324, no. 6093, p. 148-152, https://doi.org/10.1038/324148a0.","startPage":"148","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324148a0"},{"id":225317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"6093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1e9e4b08c986b32a807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, J. A.","contributorId":14026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upchurch, G.R. Jr.","contributorId":70546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upchurch","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014617,"text":"70014617 - 1986 - Interpretation of broad-band seismograms from central Aleutian earthquakes.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014617","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":781,"text":"Annales Geophysicae, Series B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of broad-band seismograms from central Aleutian earthquakes.","docAbstract":"Broad-band Graefenberg (GRF) array data from 11 moderate-size shallow-depth earthquakes in the central Aleutians have been used to study the effects of focal depth and structure across the arc on observed waveforms. The theoretical results, primarily phase arrival times, suggest that arc structure is responsible for many of the complicated features seen on vertical-component summation seismograms simulated with different instrument responses from the broad-band array data. Except for one trench event, all the earthquakes studied occurred along the plate interface zone, had similar thrust focal mechanisms, and differed only in depth. As a result, the effects of depth phases on observed GRF waveforms across the arc were found to be systematically related to the increase in focal depth along the shallow-dipping seismic zone. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annales Geophysicae, Series B","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Engdahl, E., and Kind, R., 1986, Interpretation of broad-band seismograms from central Aleutian earthquakes.: Annales Geophysicae, Series B, v. 4 B, no. 3, p. 233-240.","startPage":"233","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4 B","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d6ae4b0c8380cd63556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kind, R.","contributorId":63545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kind","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015528,"text":"70015528 - 1986 - Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T11:18:46","indexId":"70015528","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation","docAbstract":"An estimate of the sliding velocity and basal meltwater discharge of the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet can be calculated from its reconstructed extent, altitude, and mass balance. Lobe dimensions and surface altitudes are inferred from ice limits and flow-direction indicators. Net annual mass balance and total ablation are calculated from relations empirically derived from modern maritime glaciers. An equilibrium-line altitude between 1200 and 1250 m is calculated for the maximum glacial advance (ca. 15,000 yr B.P.) during the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation. This estimate is in accord with geologic data and is insensitive to plausible variability in the parameters used in the reconstruction. Resultant sliding velocities are as much as 650 m/a at the equilibrium line, decreasing both up- and downglacier. Such velocities for an ice sheet of this size are consistent with nonsurging behavior. Average meltwater discharge increases monotonically downglacier to 3000 m3/sec at the terminus and is of a comparable magnitude to ice discharge over much of the glacier's ablation area. Palcoclimatic inferences derived from this reconstruction are consistent with previous, independently derived studies of late Pleistocene temperature and precipitation in the Pacific Northwest. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Booth, D.B., 1986, Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation: Quaternary Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3.","startPage":"269","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266540,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3"},{"id":223773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5245e4b0c8380cd6c2bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, D. B.","contributorId":42223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185551,"text":"70185551 - 1986 - Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T12:11:34","indexId":"70185551","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion","docAbstract":"<p><span>Miscible displacement techniques were used to create Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> concentration profiles in unsaturated laboratory columns of Delhi sand (Typic Xeropsamments), each having a nearly uniform water content. The three steady flow rates used resulted in three different, average water contents. Chloride concentrations near the top of the column were smaller and penetration of Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> in the column was deeper than expected assuming that Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> is a noninteracting solute. Such observations indicate the presence of anion exclusion. This interpretation is further substantiated by chloride and tritium breakthrough curves obtained from a saturated column of the same soil. The saturated experiments show that tritium occupies the entire measured pore volume of the column, but that Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> is restricted to a smaller pore volume. The formulation of the conventional convection-dispersion theory for solute transport in soil which includes anion exclusion resulted in model calculations that fitted the unsaturated Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> concentration profiles quite well. The dispersion coefficients obtained for the unsaturated profiles increase with water velocity and are lower than those previously reported for comparable water velocities in the same but saturated soil. The dispersivity of the unsaturated soil is also smaller than that reported for the saturated soil. For the experimental conditions used, the effective Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> exclusion volume was found to be independent of water content and velocity and occupied about ten percent of the unsaturated water content.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050010x","usgsCitation":"James, R.V., and Rubin, J., 1986, Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1142-1149, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050010x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1149","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df18e4b05ec79911d203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Ronald V.","contributorId":189753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38487,"text":"pp1403B - 1986 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:59:22.807123","indexId":"pp1403B","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Floridan aquifer system of the Southeastern United States is comprised of a thick sequence of carbonate rocks that are mostly of Paleocene to early Miocene age and that are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The aquifer system consists of a single vertically continuous permeable unit updip and of two major permeable zones (the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers) separated by one of seven middle confining units downdip. Neither the boundaries of the aquifer system or of its component high- and low-permeability zones necessarily conform to either formation boundaries or time-stratigraphic breaks. The rocks that make up the Floridan aquifer system, its upper and lower confining units, and a surficial aquifer have been separated into several chronostratigraphic units. The external and internal geometry of these stratigraphic units is presented on a series of structure contour and isopach maps and by a series of geohydrologic cross sections and a fence diagram. Paleocene through middle Eocene units consist of an updip clastic facies and a downdip carbonate bank facies, that extends progressively farther north and east in progressively younger units. Upper Eocene and Oligocene strata are predominantly carbonate rocks throughout the study area. Miocene and younger strata are mostly clastic rocks. Subsurface data show that some modifications in current stratigraphic nomenclature are necessary. First, the middle Eocene Lake City Limestone cannot be distinguished lithologically or faunally from the overlying middle Eocene Avon Park 'Limestone.' Accordingly, it is proposed that the term Lake City be abandoned and the term Avon Park Formation be applied to the entire middle Eocene carbonate section of peninsular Florida and southeastern Georgia. A reference well section in Levy County, Fla., is proposed for the expanded Avon Park Formation. The Avon Park is called a 'formation' more properly than a 'limestone' because the unit contains rock types other than limestone. Second, like the Avon Park, the lower Eocene Oldsmar and Paleocene Cedar Keys 'Limestones' of peninsular Florida practically everywhere contain rock types other than limestone. It is therefore proposed that these units be referred to more accurately as Oldsmar Formation and Cedar Keys Formation. The uppermost hydrologic unit in the study area is a surficial aquifer that can be divided into (1) a fluvial sand-and-gravel aquifer in southwestern Alabama and westernmost panhandle Florida, (2) limestone and sandy limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern peninsular Florida, and (3) a thin blanket of terrace and fluvial sands elsewhere. The surficial aquifer is underlain by a thick sequence of fine clastic rocks and low-permeability carbonate rocks, most of which are part of the middle Miocene Hawthorn Formation and all of which form the upper confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system. In places, the upper confining unit has been removed by erosion or is breached by sinkholes. Water in the Floridan aquifer system thus occurs under unconfined, semiconfined, or fully confined conditions, depending upon the presence, thickness, and integrity of the upper confining unit. Within the Floridan aquifer system, seven low permeability zones of subregional extent split the aquifer system in most places into an Upper and Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of all or parts of rocks of Oligocene age, late Eocene age, and the upper half of rocks of middle Eocene age, is highly permeable. The middle confining units that underlie the Upper Floridan are mostly of middle Eocene age but may be as young as Oligocene or as old as early Eocene. Where no middle confining unit exists, the entire aquifer system is comprised of permeable rocks and for hydrologic discussions is treated as the Upper Floridan aquifer.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403B","usgsCitation":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina; 1986; PP; 1403-B; Miller, James A.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 91 p.; 34 Plates: 53.53 x 30.58 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420161,"rank":36,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4835.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21984,"rank":23,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21983,"rank":22,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21977,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21973,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21972,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21969,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21967,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21966,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21965,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1403-B"},{"id":165034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":21993,"rank":32,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-30.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21989,"rank":28,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-26.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21988,"rank":27,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-25.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21987,"rank":26,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-24.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21986,"rank":25,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-23.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21981,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21980,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21979,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21976,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21975,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21974,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21971,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21970,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21968,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21964,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21985,"rank":24,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21990,"rank":29,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-27.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21991,"rank":30,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-28.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21992,"rank":31,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21994,"rank":33,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-31.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21995,"rank":34,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-32.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21996,"rank":35,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-33.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21978,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21982,"rank":21,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.97973632812499,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              24.457150524185852\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.090087890625,\n              24.686952411999155\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43090820312499,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.145263671875,\n              25.631621577258493\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0079345703125,\n              26.82407078047018\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6011962890625,\n              28.217289755957054\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52978515625,\n              28.45420354994914\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.848388671875,\n              28.950475674848008\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              29.754839972510933\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.375732421875,\n              30.38235321766959\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.27685546875,\n              31.240985378021307\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.892333984375,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6671142578125,\n              32.18491105051798\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43365478515625,\n              32.31731244438278\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.31854248046875,\n              33.03629817885956\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2169189453125,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.60693359375,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.43017578125,\n              32.74108223150125\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              31.93351676190369\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.472900390625,\n              31.970803930433096\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4014892578125,\n              30.159376896356193\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              30.221101852485987\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.759033203125,\n              30.38709188778112\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3690185546875,\n              30.349176094149833\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.858154296875,\n              30.183121842195515\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.440673828125,\n              29.907329376851553\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4132080078125,\n              29.654642479663647\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.067138671875,\n              29.568679425235135\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3255615234375,\n              29.88351825335318\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.26513671875,\n              30.0405664305846\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.05639648437499,\n              30.083354648756128\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.660888671875,\n              29.888280933159265\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0950927734375,\n              29.176145182559758\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              29.142566155107065\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.705078125,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8204345703125,\n              28.188243641850313\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              27.873072565422785\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.298583984375,\n              26.77013508224145\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              26.426308999847024\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.947021484375,\n              26.436146919246013\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.749267578125,\n              25.859223554761382\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4251708984375,\n              25.794945475649673\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1614990234375,\n              25.37380917154398\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18896484375,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1285400390625,\n              25.11544539706194\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9854736328125,\n              24.78673454198888\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9522705078125,\n              24.84656534821976\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.97973632812499,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1986-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, James A.","contributorId":49772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}