{"pageNumber":"1482","pageRowStart":"37025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":38485,"text":"pp1402C - 1985 - Geochemistry of ground-water in two sandstone aquifer systems in the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:25:52.009157","indexId":"pp1402C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1402","chapter":"C","title":"Geochemistry of ground-water in two sandstone aquifer systems in the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Kootenai Formation in the Judith Basin, Montana, and the </span><span>Lance Formation and Fox Hills Sandstone in the Powder River Basin, </span><span>Wyoming, constitute two important sandstone aquifer systems in the </span><span>Northern Great Plains region. Ground waters in each of these </span><span>systems evolve from low dissolved-solids concentration, near-neutral </span><span>pH, predominantly calcium and magnesium bicarbonate types in </span><span>their recharge areas, to high dissolved-solids concentration, high pH, </span><span>predominantly sodium-bicarbonate types in the basins. Oxidation </span><span>potentials decrease as the waters flow downgradient under confined </span><span>conditions. Calculation of the saturation states of aquifer minerals </span><span>suggests several groups of mineral phases that could control ground-</span><span>water chemistry. Mass transfer modeling indicates, however, that the </span><span>observed behavior of major and minor dissolved species in both </span><span>systems can satisfactorily be explained only by equilibration with cal</span><span>cite, dolomite, or calcite and dolomite. The geochemistry of these </span><span>systems is probably controlled by the incongruent dissolution of dolo</span><span>mite to form calcite. This reaction appears to be driven by cation ex</span><span>change and the dissolution of carbon dioxide. Plausible carbon diox</span><span>ide sources include organic carbon oxidation and lignite coalification. </span><span>Aluminosilicates influence major element chemistry primarily as sub</span><span>trates for cation exchange, which, in combination with carbonate </span><span>equilibria, buffer ground water pH at values of 8.5 to 8.9. Dissolved-</span><span>iron concentrations are controlled by equilibration with amorphous </span><span>ferric oxyhydroxides in oxidizing waters, with amorphous ferric </span><span>oxyhydroxides and siderite in moderately reducing waters, and with </span><span>siderite and amorphous ferrous sulfide in strongly reducing waters. </span><span>Measured variations in dissolved carbonate isotopic composition </span><span>compare favorably with carbon isotopic evolution, calculated by </span><span>assuming dedolomitization. </span></p><p><span>Recharge areas of the two systems are characterized by ground </span><span>waters with high tritium and carbon-14 activities and relatively low </span><span>dissolved-solids concentrations, with calcium and magnesium as the </span><span>predominant cations. Recharge temperatures, calculated from </span><span>dissolved-argon concentrations and 5</span><span>18</span><span>0 and SD isotopic measure</span><span>ments, indicate that recharge is derived primarily from spring snow-</span><span>melt rather than late spring and summer storms. Ground-water flow </span><span>directions are generally parallel to trends of increasing dissolved </span><span>solids concentrations and decreasing divalent to monovalent cation </span><span>concentration ratios. However, these trends are sometimes obscured </span><span>in areas of leakage or mixing. Further indication of leakage between </span><span>aquifers is provided by abrupt changes in major element and isotopic </span><span>chemistry, which are not characteristic of normally observed geo</span><span>chemical evolution. Ground-water flow rates, calculated by adjusting </span><span>measured carbon-14 activities for carbonate mass transfer, are com</span><span>parable to values calculated from aquifer tests and potentiometric </span><span>data. These carbon-14 flow rates average 1.6 meters per year for the </span><span>Second Cat Creek sandstone of the Kootenai Formation, and 1.3 </span><span>meters per year for the Lance-Fox Hills aquifer. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1402C","usgsCitation":"Henderson, T., 1985, Geochemistry of ground-water in two sandstone aquifer systems in the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1402, viii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1402C.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65151,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.15234375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.15234375,\n              48.80686346108517\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              48.80686346108517\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aae76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Thomas","contributorId":86400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26855,"text":"wri844361 - 1985 - Appraisal of ground-water conditions and potential for seawater intrusion at Taholah, Quinault Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri844361","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4361","title":"Appraisal of ground-water conditions and potential for seawater intrusion at Taholah, Quinault Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"Several wells drilled to supplement the spring-fed water supply of the town of Taholah, in the Quinault River Valley, Washington , yielded water with chloride concentrations greater than 300 milligrams/L. Therefore, a study was conducted to define the movement and quality of the groundwater system at Taholah and at alternative well sites in adjacent areas. Results showed that during low tide, groundwater flows from Taholah northward to the river and westward to the ocean. During high tide water flows into the groundwater system along all margins of Taholah, causing a mounding of the underlying water table; the only outflow is seaward, probably at a depth of 60 to 75 ft below sea level. Marine water moves as far as 1.5 up the Quinault River during periods of combined high and low streamflow, and 0.5 mi during high tide and moderate streamflow, introducing large quantities of salty water into groundwater system and precluding its use as a water supply source. Unconsolidated glacial deposits and underlying Tertiary siltstones southeast of Taholah are not an adequate source for the community 's water needs. However, coarse-grained unconsolidated materials lying farther east along the Quinault River may be capable of supplying the anticipated need of about 300 gallons/min. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844361","usgsCitation":"Drost, B., 1985, Appraisal of ground-water conditions and potential for seawater intrusion at Taholah, Quinault Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4361, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844361.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4361/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55743,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4361/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drost, B. W.","contributorId":38526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"B. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27070,"text":"wri854180 - 1985 - Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri854180","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4180","title":"Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana","docAbstract":"Dissolved solids concentrations in five reaches of the Redwater River in east-central Montana were simulated to evaluate the effects of surface coal mining and agriculture. A mass-balance model of streamflow and dissolved solids load developed for the Tongue River in southeastern Montana was modified and applied to the Redwater River. Mined acreages, dissolved solids concentrations in mined spoils, and irrigated acreage can be varied in the model to study relative changes in the dissolved solids concentration in consecutive reaches of the river. Because of extreme variability and a limited amount of data, the model was not consecutively validated. Simulated mean and median monthly mean streamflows and consistently larger than those calculated from streamflow records. Simulated mean and median monthly mean dissolved solids loads also are consistently larger than regression-derived values. These discrepancies probably result from extremely variable streamflow, overestimates of streamflow from ungaged tributaries, and weak correlations between streamflow and dissolved solids concentrations. The largest increases in simulated dissolved solids concentrations from mining and agriculture occur from September through January because of smaller streamflows and dissolved solids loads. Different combinations of agriculture and mining under mean flow conditions resulted in cumulative percentage increases of dissolved solids concentrations of less than 5% for mining and less than 2% for agriculture. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854180","usgsCitation":"Ferreira, R.F., and Lambing, J., 1985, Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4180, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854180.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferreira, R. F.","contributorId":80690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26880,"text":"wri854236 - 1985 - Effects of climate, vegetation, and soils on consumptive water use and ground-water recharge to the Central Midwest Regional aquifer system, mid-continent United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T20:43:25.128697","indexId":"wri854236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4236","title":"Effects of climate, vegetation, and soils on consumptive water use and ground-water recharge to the Central Midwest Regional aquifer system, mid-continent United States","docAbstract":"<p>The Central Midwest aquifer system, in parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Texas, is a region of great hydrologic diversity. This study examines the relationships between climate, vegetation, and soil that affect consumptive water use and recharge to the groundwater system. Computations of potential recharge and consumptive water use were restricted to those areas where the aquifers under consideration were the immediate underlying system. The principal method of analysis utilized a soil moisture computer model. This model requires four types of input: (1) hydrologic properties of the soils, (2) vegetation types, (3) monthly precipitation, and (4) computed monthly potential evapotranspiration (PET) values. The climatic factors that affect consumptive water use and recharge were extensively mapped for the study area. Nearly all the pertinent climatic elements confirmed the extreme diversity of the region. PET and those factors affecting it--solar radiation, temperature, and humidity--showed large regional differences; mean annual PET ranged from 36 to 70 inches in the study area. The seasonal climatic patterns indicate significant regional differences in those factors affecting seasonal consumptive water use and recharge. In the southern and western parts of the study area, consumptive water use occurred nearly the entire year; whereas, in northern parts it occurred primarily during the warm season (April through September). Results of the soil-moisture program, which added the effects of vegetation and the hydrologic characteristics of the soil to computed PET values, confirmed the significant regional differences in consumptive water use or actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential groundwater recharge. Under two different vegetative conditions--the 1978 conditions and pre-agricultural conditions consisting of only grassland and woodland--overall differences in recharge were minimal. Mean annual recharge under both conditions averaged slightly more than 4.5 inches for the entire study area, but ranged from less than 0.10 inches in eastern Colorado to slightly more than 15 inches in Arkansas.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854236","usgsCitation":"Dugan, J.T., and Peckenpaugh, J.M., 1985, Effects of climate, vegetation, and soils on consumptive water use and ground-water recharge to the Central Midwest Regional aquifer system, mid-continent United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4236, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854236.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4236/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4236/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36384.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central Midwest Regional aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peckenpaugh, J. M.","contributorId":69559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenpaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30049,"text":"wri834015 - 1985 - Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri834015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4015","title":"Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","docAbstract":"A preliminary investigation of the effects of reservoir storage and canal diversion on the flow of the Yakima River at Union Gap , Washington indicates that those effects are measurable and substantial--on the average causing a reduction of roughly one-quarter from the unregulated flow. Preliminary computations of the unregulated flow of the Yakima River at Parker (near Union Gap) for the 1978 water year using the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 's SSARR model indicate, however, that the computed flow figures contain inaccuracies. Further investigation of the model indicates that the inaccuracies can be substantially reduced by data checking and by using additional discharge records to improve the estimation of local inflows. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834015","usgsCitation":"Swift, C., 1985, Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4015, iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834015.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58858,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a881b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, C.H.","contributorId":61821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26913,"text":"wri844093 - 1985 - The quality of water in the principal aquifers of southwestern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T22:52:59.066708","indexId":"wri844093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4093","title":"The quality of water in the principal aquifers of southwestern Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The quality of water in major aquifers in southwestern Washington was addressed in terms of inorganic-constituent, trace-metal, and fecal-coliform concentrations. Results of this assessment indicate that the groundwater in southwestern Washington can be characterized as soft to moderately hard with a low concentration of dissolved solids. Nitrate was the only constituent found at concentrations above maximum contaminant levels specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water regulations. The most prevalent detriment to the otherwise good quality of groundwater in the region was concentrations of iron and manganese that exceeds limits recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary standards. Although these limits were exceeded in less than one half of the samples, high concentrations of iron and manganese were common throughout the entire region.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844093","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., and Payne, K.L., 1985, The quality of water in the principal aquifers of southwestern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4093, Report: v, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 32.60 × 25.46 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844093.","productDescription":"Report: v, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 32.60 × 25.46 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55794,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55793,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391965,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35984.htm"},{"id":55795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55792,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55791,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55790,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.25,\n              45.531\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.467,\n              45.531\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.467,\n              47.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25,\n              47.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25,\n              45.531\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db64105a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, K. L.","contributorId":31771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27356,"text":"wri844268 - 1985 - Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4268","title":"Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, digital, cross-sectional model was used to simulate seepage of water from an alluvial channel, which had the general characteristic of the Rio Grande channel, into the underlying alluvium within the reach from Cochiti Dam to Elephant Butte Reservoir. Seepage rates were determined for losing and gaining reaches, and reaches affected by pumping of ground water. The seepage rates were computed for stream surcharges (height of additional water applied on top of base flow) ranging from 0.5 foot to 3 feet and for application periods ranging from 1 to 100 days. The net seepage rates, which were nearly identical for each type of reach, ranged from 0.0 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 0.5 foot surcharge applied for 1 day to 0.37 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 3 feet surcharge applied for 100 days, followed by a 180 day seepage return flow from the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844268","usgsCitation":"Gold, R., 1985, Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4268, v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844268.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, R.L.","contributorId":97918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28879,"text":"wri854197 - 1985 - Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri854197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4197","title":"Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio","docAbstract":"A subsurface clay dike and mine-entrance hydraulic seals were constructed from July 1979 through May 1980 by the Ohio Department if Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation to reduce acidic mine drainage from abandoned drift-mine complex 88 into Big Four Hollow Creek. Big Four Hollow Creek flows into Sandy Run--the major tributary to Lake Hope. A data-collection program was established in 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate effects of drift-mine sealing on surface-water systems of the Big Four Hollow Creek and Sandy Run area just below the mine.\r\n\r\nData collected by private consultants from 1970 through 1971 near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (U.S. Geological Survey station 03201700) show that pH ranged from 2.7 to 4.8, with a median of 3.1. The calculated iron load was 50 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nData collecetd near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (station 03201700) from 1971 through 1979 (before dike construction) show the daily pH ranged from 2.1 to 6.7; the median was 3.6. The daily specific conduction ranged from 72 to 3,500 microsiements per centimeter at 25? Celsius and averaged 770. The estimated loads of chemical constituents were: Sulfate, 1,100 pounds per day: iron, 54 pounds per day: and manganese, 12 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nAll postconstruction data collected at station 03201700 through the end of the project, May 1980 through June 30, 1983, show that the daily pH ranged from 2.4 to 7.7, with a median of 3.7. Daily specific conductance ranged from 87 to 3,200 microsiemens per centimeter and averaged 1,200. The estimated loads of chemical constituents for this period were: Sulfate, 1,000 pounds per day: iron, 44 pounds per day: and manganese, 16 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nStandard nonparametric statistical tests were performed on the data collected before and after reclamation. Differences at the 95-percent confidence level were found in the before- and after-reclamation data sets for specific conductance, aluminum, and manganese at station 03201700. Data collected during the first 6 months after reclamation indicated moderate improvement in water quality only because no highly mineralized water was leaking from the closed mine. Later, perhaps in Sepember 1980 increased hydraulic head behind the clay dike caused the mine water to seep out and degrade the stream-water quality.\r\n\r\nIn order to investigate leakages, dye was injected into two wells that penetrated the closed mine complex 88. One injection revealed that the dye moved to a discharge point at a nearby mine entrance known to be connected to complex 88. No discharge of dye was detected as a result of dye injection into the other well during the project.\r\n\r\nAcidic mine water continues to seep from the closed mine complex 88. A definitive evaluation of the effects of reclamation on the area's water quality cannot be made until the hydrologic system stabilizes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854197","usgsCitation":"Nichols, V., 1985, Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4197, vi, 215 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854197.","productDescription":"vi, 215 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, V.E.","contributorId":97930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28590,"text":"wri844340 - 1985 - Development and calibration of a two-dimensional digital model for the analysis of the ground-water flow system in the San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri844340","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4340","title":"Development and calibration of a two-dimensional digital model for the analysis of the ground-water flow system in the San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-difference model was used to simulate ground-water flow conditions in San Antonio Creek valley. The model was calibrated to simulate steady-state conditions as approximated by ground-water conditions in 1943 and transient conditions during the period 1944-77. The transmissivity of the aquifer and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining bed underlying Barka Slough at the western edge of the basin were calibrated during the steady-stage simulation. Calibrated transmissivity values ranged from more than 20,000 feet squared per day along the axis of the valley to less than 100 feet squared per day along the perimeter. Net flux values (the difference between recharge and net discharge) along the San Antonio Creek channel were determined during the transient-state simulation by a least-squares calibration technique. Results of the calibration indicated that the net flux out of the system along the stream channel increased by about 4,030 acre-feet per year from 1943 to 1977. The model simulated that about 70 percent of the increase in net flux was derived from the reduction in ground-water discharge to Barka Slough and about 30 percent from water coming out of storage. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844340","usgsCitation":"Martin, P., 1985, Development and calibration of a two-dimensional digital model for the analysis of the ground-water flow system in the San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4340, v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844340.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4340/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57419,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4340/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29164,"text":"wri844135 - 1985 - Water-supply potential of the Floridan aquifer in Osceola, eastern Orange, and southwestern Brevard counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T19:10:10.406041","indexId":"wri844135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4135","title":"Water-supply potential of the Floridan aquifer in Osceola, eastern Orange, and southwestern Brevard counties, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The city of Melbourne and adjacent areas in south Brevard County obtain their water supply from Lake Washington. As of 1982, the lake could provide a maximum of 15 million gallons per day but the projected need for the year 2000 is nearly three times that amount. As one alternative for a future water supply, this study investigated with a digital model, the potential yields of well fields completed in the Floridan aquifer. Seven pumping schemes were simulated with the digital model. Each simulation was made under steady-state conditions so that storage properties of the ground-water system were not included. The most advantageous area for ground-water development was in central Osceola County. Poor quality of water precluded locating a well field within Brevard County. If the ground-water alternative is chosen for the future supply, an observation well network is advisable to monitor head changes; chloride concentration trends east of the pumping centers; and chloride concentration trends in zones below the pumped zone.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844135","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., and Aucott, W.R., 1985, Water-supply potential of the Floridan aquifer in Osceola, eastern Orange, and southwestern Brevard counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4135, vi 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844135.","productDescription":"vi 69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407159,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36012.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58039,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard County, Orange County, Osceola County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.662,\n              27.819\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.537,\n              27.819\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.537,\n              28.585\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.662,\n              28.585\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.662,\n              27.819\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aucott, W. R.","contributorId":64288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29320,"text":"wri834210 - 1985 - Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York; part 3: Development and application of southern Nassau County model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T21:31:14.384008","indexId":"wri834210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4210","title":"Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York; part 3: Development and application of southern Nassau County model","docAbstract":"<p>By 1990, sanitary sewers in Nassau County Sewage Disposal Districts 2 and 3 and Suffolk County Southwest Sewer District will discharge to the ocean 140 cu ft of water per second that would otherwise be returned to the groundwater system through septic tanks and similar systems. To evaluate the effects of this loss on groundwater levels and streamflow, the U.S. Geological Survey developed a groundwater flow model that couples a fine-scale subregional model to a regional model of a larger scale. The regional model generates flux boundary conditions for the subregional model, and the subregional model provides detail in the area of concern. Results indicate that the water table will decline by as much as 90% from conditions in the early 1970's. This report is one of a three-part series describing the predicted hydrologic effects of sewers in southern Nassau and southwestern Suffolk Counties.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834210","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Buxton, H., 1985, Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York; part 3: Development and application of southern Nassau County model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4210, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834210.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393885,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35853.htm"},{"id":58161,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4210/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.74435424804688,\n              40.58997103470645\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42300415039062,\n              40.58997103470645\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42300415039062,\n              40.77950154452172\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.74435424804688,\n              40.77950154452172\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.74435424804688,\n              40.58997103470645\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28169,"text":"wri844302 - 1985 - Documentation of a numerical code for the simulation of variable density ground-water flow in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri844302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4302","title":"Documentation of a numerical code for the simulation of variable density ground-water flow in three dimensions","docAbstract":"A numerical code is documented for the simulation of variable density time dependent groundwater flow in three dimensions. The groundwater density, although variable with distance, is assumed to be constant in time. The Integrated Finite Difference grid elements in the code follow the geologic strata in the modeled area. If appropriate, the determination of hydraulic head in confining beds can be deleted to decrease computation time. The strongly implicit procedure (SIP), successive over-relaxation (SOR), and eight different preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) methods are used to solve the approximating equations. The use of the computer program that performs the calculations in the numerical code is emphasized. Detailed instructions are given for using the computer program, including input data formats. An example simulation and the Fortran listing of the program are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844302","usgsCitation":"Kuiper, L., 1985, Documentation of a numerical code for the simulation of variable density ground-water flow in three dimensions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4302, 90 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844302.","productDescription":"90 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4302/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57003,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63628c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuiper, L.K.","contributorId":34557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26017,"text":"wri854163 - 1985 - Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Howe area, Lagrange County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T19:14:27.140314","indexId":"wri854163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4163","title":"Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Howe area, Lagrange County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Geometry and hydraulic characteristics of a 46.5 sq mi area of the sand and gravel outwash-aquifer system between Fawn and Pigeon Rivers in Lagrange County were defined in a study of the effect of current and potential uses of water on the aquifer, streams, lakes, and wetlands. There are three aquifers: Aquifer 1, a surficial water table aquifer that ranges from 10 to 60 ft in thickness, hydraulic conductivity of 210 ft/d, and transmissivity of 5,000 to 16,000 sq ft/day. Aquifer 2 ranges from 50 to 110 ft in thickness, hydraulic conductivity of 360 ft/d, and transmissivity ranges of 5,000 to 35,000 sq ft/day. Aquifer 3 ranges from zero to 200 ft in thickness, hydraulic conductivity of 25 ft/d, and transmissivity of zero to 5,000 sq ft/d. A three-layer digital flow model was calibrated to steady-state water levels during autumn 1982. The effects of current and potential development of irrigation on the groundwater and surface water systems were estimated by transient simulations of five pumping plans. The effect of year-round pumping was estimated by steady-state simulation of a sixth plan. Plan 1 was a simulation of current irrigational development with pumpage equal to that which supplied water to crops in 1982. Maximum simulated drawdowns were 4 ft in layer 1 and 14 ft in layers 2 and 3. Simulated drawdowns were greater than those observed in 1982. Plans 2 and 3 were simulations of the current irrigational development with pumping rates that would supply water to crops in a normal and in a dry year. The effect on the hydrologic system by pumping in plans 2 and 3, therefore, is minimal. Plans 4 and 5 were simulations of maximum potential irrigational development that would supply water to a corn crop during a normal and a dry year. The maximum simulated drawdowns for plan 4 were 14, 30, and 31 ft in aquifers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Maximum drawdowns for plan 5 were 15, 32, and 31 ft in aquifers 1, 2 and 3.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854163","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., Greeman, T., and Crompton, E., 1985, Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Howe area, Lagrange County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4163, vii, 130 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854163.","productDescription":"vii, 130 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396262,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36320.htm"},{"id":54791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4163/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan","county":"Branch County, Lagrange County, Saint Joseph County","otherGeospatial":"Fawn River, Pigeon River, Saint Joseph River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.548,\n              41.665\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.278,\n              41.665\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.278,\n              41.79\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.548,\n              41.79\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.548,\n              41.665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481de4b07f02db4df6c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeman, T. K.","contributorId":58275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeman","given":"T. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crompton, E. J.","contributorId":70412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26460,"text":"wri854168 - 1985 - Documentation of a Regional Aquifer Simulation Model, RAQSIM, and a description of support programs applied in the Twin Platte-Middle Republican Study Area, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T20:42:18.57282","indexId":"wri854168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4168","title":"Documentation of a Regional Aquifer Simulation Model, RAQSIM, and a description of support programs applied in the Twin Platte-Middle Republican Study Area, Nebraska","docAbstract":"RAQSIM, a generalized flow model of a groundwater system using finite-element methods, is documented to explain how it works and to demonstrate that it gives valid results. Three support programs that are used to compute recharge and discharge data required as input to RAQSIM are described. RAQSIM was developed to solve transient, two-dimensional, regional groundwater flow problems with isotropic or anisotropic conductance. The model can also simulate radially-symmetric flow to a well and steady-state flow. The mathematical basis, program structure, data input and output procedures, organization of data sets, and program features and options of RAQSIM are discussed. An example , containing listings of data and results and illustrating RAQSIM 's capabilities, is discussed in detail. Two test problems also are discussed comparing RAQSIM 's results with analytical procedures. The first support program described, the PET Program, uses solar radiation and other climatic data in the Jensen-Haise method to compute potential evapotranspiration. The second support program, the Soil-Water Program, uses output from the PET Program, soil characteristics, and the ratio of potential to actual evapotranspiration for each crop to compute infiltration, storage, and removal of water from the soil zone. The third program, the Recharge-Discharge Program, uses output from the Soil-Water Program together with other data to compute recharge and discharge from the groundwater flow system. For each support program, a program listing and examples of the data and results for the Twin Platte-Middle Republican study are provided. In addition, a brief discussion on how each program operates and on procedures for running and modifying these programs are presented. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854168","usgsCitation":"Cady, R.E., and Peckenpaugh, J.M., 1985, Documentation of a Regional Aquifer Simulation Model, RAQSIM, and a description of support programs applied in the Twin Platte-Middle Republican Study Area, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4168, vi, 239 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854168.","productDescription":"vi, 239 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395180,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49205.htm"},{"id":55280,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4168/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Twin Platte - Middle Republican study area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              40.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.6667,\n              40.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.6667,\n              41.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              41.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              40.1333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6363da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, R. E.","contributorId":103324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peckenpaugh, J. M.","contributorId":69559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenpaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29386,"text":"wri854097 - 1985 - Hydrology of the Reelfoot Lake basin, Obion and Lake counties, northwestern Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri854097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4097","title":"Hydrology of the Reelfoot Lake basin, Obion and Lake counties, northwestern Tennessee","docAbstract":"Nine maps describe the following water resources aspects of the Reelfoot Lake watershed: Map 1-Surface water gaging stations, lake level, and locations of observation wells, rainfall stations and National Weather Service rainfall stations; Maps 2 and 3-water level contours, river stage, groundwater movement; Maps 4 and 5-grid blocks simulating constant head on the Mississippi River, Reelfoot Lake, Running Reelfoot Bayou, Reelfoot Creek, and Running Slough; Maps 6 and 7-difference between model calculated and observed water levels; and Maps 8 and 9-line of equal groundwater level increase and approximate lake area at pool elevation. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854097","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.H., 1985, Hydrology of the Reelfoot Lake basin, Obion and Lake counties, northwestern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4097, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854097.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2426,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri85-4097","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":58231,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58232,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58233,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58234,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58235,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58236,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58237,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58238,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58239,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4097/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdbc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C. H.","contributorId":54210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26475,"text":"wri854206 - 1985 - Effects of potential surface coal mining on dissolved solids in Otter Creek and in the Otter Creek alluvial aquifer, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri854206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4206","title":"Effects of potential surface coal mining on dissolved solids in Otter Creek and in the Otter Creek alluvial aquifer, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"Otter Creek drains an area of 709 square miles in the coal-rich Powder River structural basin of southeastern Montana. The Knobloch coal beds in the Tongue River Member of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation is a shallow aquifer and a target for future surface mining in the downstream part of the Otter Creek basin. A mass-balance model was used to estimate the effects of potential mining on the dissolved solids concentration in Otter Creek and in the alluvial aquifer in the Otter Creek valley. With extensive mining of the Knobloch coal beds, the annual load of dissolved solids to Otter Creek at Ashland at median streamflow could increase by 2,873 tons, or a 32-percent increase compared to the annual pre-mining load. Increased monthly loads of Otter Creek, at the median streamflow, could range from 15 percent in February to 208 percent in August. The post-mining dissolved solids load to the subirrigated part of the alluvial valley could increase by 71 percent. The median dissolved solids concentration in the subirrigated part of the valley could be 4,430 milligrams per liter, compared to the pre-mining median concentration of 2,590 milligrams per liter. Post-mining loads from the potentially mined landscape were calculated using saturated-paste-extract data from 506 overburdened samples collected from 26 wells and test holes. Post-mining loads to the Otter Creek valley likely would continue at increased rates for hundreds of years after mining. If the actual area of Knobloch coal disturbed by mining were less than that used in the model, post-mining loads to the Otter Creek valley would be proportionally smaller. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854206","usgsCitation":"Cannon, M.R., 1985, Effects of potential surface coal mining on dissolved solids in Otter Creek and in the Otter Creek alluvial aquifer, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4206, v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854206.","productDescription":"v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55294,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4206/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55295,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4206/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, M. R.","contributorId":99140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28514,"text":"wri854115 - 1985 - Sensitivity of stream basins in Shenandoah National Park to acid deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri854115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4115","title":"Sensitivity of stream basins in Shenandoah National Park to acid deposition","docAbstract":"Six synoptic surveys of 56 streams that drain the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, were conducted in cooperation with the University of Virginia to evaluate sensitivity of dilute headwater streams to acid deposition and to determine the degree of acidification of drainage basins. Flow-weighted alkalinity concentration of most streams is below 200 microequivalents per liter, which is considered the threshold of sensitivity. Streams draining resistant siliceous bedrocks have an extreme sensitivity (alkalinity below 20 microequivalents/L); those draining granite and granodiorite have a high degree of sensitivity (20 to 100 microequivalents/L); and streams draining metamorphosed volcanics have moderate to marginal sensitivity (100 to 200 microequivalents/L). A comparison of current stream water chemistry to that predicted by a model based on carbonic acid weathering reactions suggests that all basins in the Park shows signs of acidification by atmospheric deposition. Acidification is defined as a neutralization of stream water alkalinity and/or an increase in the base cation weathering rate. Acidification averages 50 microequivalents/L, which is fairly evenly distributed in the Park. However, the effects of acidification are most strongly felt in extremely sensitive basins, such as those underlain by the Antietam Formation, which have stream water pH values averaging 4.99 and a mineral acidity of 7 microequivalents/L. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854115","usgsCitation":"Lynch, D.D., and Dise, N., 1985, Sensitivity of stream basins in Shenandoah National Park to acid deposition: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4115, vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854115.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57314,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df9a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dise, N.B.","contributorId":62645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dise","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26354,"text":"wri854313 - 1985 - Interlaboratory comparability, bias, and precision for four laboratories measuring constituents in precipitation, November 1982-August 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri854313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4313","title":"Interlaboratory comparability, bias, and precision for four laboratories measuring constituents in precipitation, November 1982-August 1983","docAbstract":"Four laboratories were evaluated in their analysis of identical natural and simulated precipitation water samples. Interlaboratory comparability was evaluated using analysis of variance coupled with Duncan 's multiple range test, and linear-regression models describing the relations between individual laboratory analytical results for natural precipitation samples. Results of the statistical analyses indicate that certain pairs of laboratories produce different results when analyzing identical samples. Analyte bias for each laboratory was examined using analysis of variance coupled with Duncan 's multiple range test on data produced by the laboratories from the analysis of identical simulated precipitation samples. Bias for a given analyte produced by a single laboratory has been indicated when the laboratory mean for that analyte is shown to be significantly different from the mean for the most-probable analyte concentrations in the simulated precipitation samples. Ion-chromatographic methods for the determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate have been compared with the colorimetric methods that were also in use during the study period. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance coupled with Duncan 's multiple range test for means produced by the two methods. Analyte precision for each laboratory has been estimated by calculating a pooled variance for each analyte. Analyte estimated precisions have been compared using F-tests and differences in analyte precisions for laboratory pairs have been reported. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854313","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.H., Schroder, L., and Malo, B., 1985, Interlaboratory comparability, bias, and precision for four laboratories measuring constituents in precipitation, November 1982-August 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4313, iii, 14 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854313.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4884e4b07f02db51861e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malo, B.A.","contributorId":74397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malo","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25820,"text":"wri844330 - 1985 - Water quality and streamflow data for the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T23:02:29.862557","indexId":"wri844330","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4330","title":"Water quality and streamflow data for the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas","docAbstract":"Water-quality data were collected on a 13.6-mile reach of the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas to test a dynamic Lagrangian model. Flow was steady. Loads of dissolved constituents varied with time at the beginning of the study reach and in the reach, primarily because of photosynthesis. River quality was fairly good despite low dissolved oxygen measured in the headwaters and the significant sewage load from the tributaries. Diel and longitudinal trends were defined by sampling at fixed sites and by following dyed parcels of water. Nitrification, deoxygenation, reaeration, and photosynthesis affected the dissolved oxygen balance. Independent estimates of some of the rate coefficients were 0.1 to 0.2, 0.8, and 0 to 3.6 , all per day, for deoxygenation, nitrification, and reaeration, respectively. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844330","usgsCitation":"McCutcheon, S.C., 1985, Water quality and streamflow data for the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4330, ix, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844330.","productDescription":"ix, 101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392127,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36168.htm"},{"id":54571,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4330/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4330/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.32032775878906,\n              32.7428148750609\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.17269897460938,\n              32.7428148750609\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.17269897460938,\n              32.7907379828099\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.32032775878906,\n              32.7907379828099\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.32032775878906,\n              32.7428148750609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db6130ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCutcheon, S. C.","contributorId":44190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCutcheon","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27432,"text":"wri854182 - 1985 - Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T14:55:58","indexId":"wri854182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4182","title":"Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This study is an investigation of the continued availability of freshwater in the Evangeline aquifer along the Texas Gulf Coast and the potential for degradation of the water quality by salinewater intrusion. Recharge to the aquifer occurs by the infiltration of precipitation in the outcrop area and by cross-formational flow from deeper aquifers. The predevelopment recharge rate is about 6 to 8 cubic feet per second. The predevelopment flow is toward the coast. The flow is semiconfined in the outcrop area and confined underneath the Chicot aquifer in the eastern two-thirds of the study area. Discharge, under natural conditions, is upward into the Chicot aquifer and to the Nueces River or Gulf of Mexico. Intensive pumping by irrigators, industries, and municipalities over the last 80 years has created a cone of depression as deep as 219 feet below sea level under the city of Kingsville in Kleberg County. The total rate of pumpage in 1982 was 29.6 cubic feet per second.</p>\n<p>A mathematical model of the flow and water quality in the Evangel ine aquifer was developed using available data to simulate the historical effect of pumping on the potentiometric surface and water quality, and to simulate the effect of projected pumping on the potentiometric surface and water quality to the year 2020. The water quality in the aquifer is only marginally suitable for drinking water. The chloride concentration before development in the 1930's and 1940's, ranged from 9 to 1,971 milligrams per liter. The mean chloride concentration was 353 (standard deviation 262) milligrams per liter. The potential sources of water-quality degradation on a regional scale are: Salinewater intrusion from under the Gulf of Mexico; movement of poor quality water within outlying sections of the aquifer; and downward leakage from the overlying Chicot aquifer. Leakage from the Chicot is the most likely to cause serious regional water-quality degradation. Other local potential sources of contamination are: Leaky well casings, oil-field brine disposal, water movement along faults, and in-situ uranium mining. These sources might create some local water-quality degradation. The results of the historical period simulation indicate, as do current field data, that little or no significant deterioration has occurred in the water quality of the Evangeline aquifer.</p>\n<p>The simulations and the sensitivity tests of the aquifer properties, conditions, and assumptions indicate that vertical conductivity of the Chicot aquifer is the most sensitive and least well known part of the system. The storage coefficient of the Evangeline aquifer and the aggregate thickness of high-conductivity sand layers within the aquifer as well as the vertical distribution of these layers are also important properties that are not well known.</p>\n<p>Two simulations of the projected pumping a low estimate, as much as 46.2 cubic feet per second during 2011-20; and a high estimate, as much as 60.0 cubic feet per second during the same period indicate that no further regional water-quality deterioration is likely to occur. Many important properties and conditions are estimated from poor or insufficient field data, and possible ranges of these properties and conditions are tested. In spite of the errors and data deficiencies, the results are based on the best estimates currently available. The reliability of the conclusions rests on the adequacy of the data and the demonstrated sensitivity of the model results to errors in estimates of these properties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854182","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., 1985, Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4182, Report: vi, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 14.88 x 11.13 inches and 23.72 x 13.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854182.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 14.88 x 11.13 inches and 23.72 x 13.99 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56293,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56294,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Corpus Christi","otherGeospatial":"Evangeline Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              26.917171977972313\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              27.928900753321876\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.19879150390625,\n              27.928900753321876\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20428466796875,\n              26.909824671240692\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              26.917171977972313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f35b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":35900,"text":"b1629 - 1985 - Computer-assisted map projection research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T15:05:18","indexId":"b1629","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1629","title":"Computer-assisted map projection research","docAbstract":"<p>Computers have opened up areas of map projection research which were previously too complicated to utilize, for example, using a least-squares fit to a very large number of points. One application has been in the efficient transfer of data between maps on different projections. While the transfer of moderate amounts of data is satisfactorily accomplished using the analytical map projection formulas, polynomials are more efficient for massive transfers. Suitable coefficients for the polynomials may be determined more easily for general cases using least squares instead of Taylor series. A second area of research is in the determination of a map projection fitting an unlabeled map, so that accurate data transfer can take place. The computer can test one projection after another, and include iteration where required. A third area is in the use of least squares to fit a map projection with optimum parameters to the region being mapped, so that distortion is minimized. This can be accomplished for standard conformal, equalarea, or other types of projections. Even less distortion can result if complex transformations of conformal projections are utilized. This bulletin describes several recent applications of these principles, as well as historical usage and background. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1629","usgsCitation":"Snyder, J.P., 1985, Computer-assisted map projection research: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1629, Report: x, 157 p.; 4 microfiche sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1629.","productDescription":"Report: x, 157 p.; 4 microfiche sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343750,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/conformal_projections.pdf","text":"Conformal projections","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":343751,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/documentation.pdf","text":"Documentation","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":343752,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/identification_of_map_projection.pdf","text":"Identification of map projection","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":343753,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/polynomial_approximations.pdf","text":"Polynomial approximations","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":266256,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, John Parr","contributorId":17596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Parr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30008,"text":"wri854198 - 1985 - Geohydrology of the High Plains Aquifer, western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri854198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4198","title":"Geohydrology of the High Plains Aquifer, western Kansas","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies 174,050 sq mi of eight states (Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming) and contains approximately 3.3 billion acre-ft of water in storage. Saturated thicknesses within the aquifer are as great as 600 ft near the southern border of southwest Kansas. The aquifer is replenished primarily by infiltration from precipitation. Average precipitation at the Garden City Experiment Station is 18.93 in/yr. Groundwater flow is generally from west to east under unconfined conditions. Hydraulic connection with subcropping consolidated aquifers allows ground water to flow vertically in minor quantities. The aquifer is depleted primarily by irrigation. Hydraulic conductivity estimates from 1,612 lithologic logs had an average value of 75 ft/day, with a standard deviation of 35 ft/day. Specific yields estimated from the same lithologic logs had a mean of 0.17 and a standard deviation of 0.047. Water from the High Plains aquifer in Kansas generally is suitable for human and animal consumption and irrigation of crops. Typically, it is a calcium bicarbonate type water, with concentrations of total dissolved solids ranging from 250 to 500 mg/L. The quality of water in the aquifer deteriorates toward the east due to mixing with recharge water containing dissolved minerals leached from the overlying soil and unsaturated zones and mineralized water from adjacent bedrock units. The simulated water budget for the steady state model of predevelopment (pre-1950) conditions in the High Plains aquifer in northwest Kansas showed that annual recharge to the aquifer from infiltration of precipitation was 87,000 acre-ft/yr and from boundary inflow, 21,000 acre-ft/yr. Annual discharge from the aquifer was 108,000 acre-ft/yr, including 81,000 acre-ft/yr from leakage to streams, 23,000 acre-ft from outflow at the boundaries of the aquifer, and 4,000 acre-ft from municipal and industrial pumpage. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854198","usgsCitation":"Stullken, L., Watts, K.R., and Lindgren, R.J., 1985, Geohydrology of the High Plains Aquifer, western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4198, vi, 86 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854198.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58812,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4198/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a895c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stullken, L.E.","contributorId":59049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stullken","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R.","contributorId":43783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26686,"text":"wri854290 - 1985 - Determination of reaeration-rate coefficients of the Wabash River, Indiana, by the modified tracer technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T22:17:34.753368","indexId":"wri854290","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4290","title":"Determination of reaeration-rate coefficients of the Wabash River, Indiana, by the modified tracer technique","docAbstract":"<p>The modified tracer technique was used to determine reaeration-rate coefficients in the Wabash River in reaches near Lafayette and Terre Haute, Indiana, at streamflows ranging from 2,310 to 7,400 cu ft/sec. Chemically pure (CP grade) ethylene was used as the tracer gas, and rhodamine-WT dye was used as the dispersion-dilution tracer. Reaeration coefficients determined for a 13.5-mi reach near Terre Haute, Indiana, at streamflows of 3,360 and 7,400 cu ft/sec (71% and 43% flow duration) were 1.4/day and 1.1/day at 20 C, respectively. Reaeration-rate coefficients determined for a 18.4-mile reach near Lafayette, Indiana, at streamflows of 2,310 and 3,420 cu ft/sec (70% and 53 % flow duration), were 1.2/day and 0.8/day at 20 C, respectively. None of the commonly used equations found in the literature predicted reaeration-rate coefficients similar to those measured for reaches of the Wabash River near Lafayette and Terre Haute. The average absolute prediction error for 10 commonly used reaeration equations ranged from 22% to 154%. Prediction error was much smaller in the reach near Terre Haute than in the reach near Lafayette. The overall average of the absolute prediction error for all 10 equations was 22% for the reach near Terre Haute and 128% for the reach near Lafayette. Confidence limits of results obtained from the modified tracer technique were smaller than those obtained from the equations in the literature.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri854290","collaboration":"Indiana State Board of Health","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., 1985, Determination of reaeration-rate coefficients of the Wabash River, Indiana, by the modified tracer technique: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4290, vii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854290.","productDescription":"vii, 71 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4290/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55549,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4290/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36427.htm","text":"Terre Haute reach","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465921,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36428.htm","text":"Wabash River reach","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Wabash River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.71234130859375,\n              40.588928169693745\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.82220458984375,\n              40.53676418550204\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9073486328125,\n              40.47620304302563\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.97052001953125,\n              40.44276659332215\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.10235595703125,\n              40.40722213305287\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.1380615234375,\n              40.36747374615593\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.23419189453125,\n              40.333983227838104\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.3138427734375,\n              40.28581147399602\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.36053466796875,\n              40.22921818870117\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47314453125,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.440185546875,\n              40.136890695345905\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4456787109375,\n              40.082274490356966\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47039794921874,\n              39.98132938627213\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.440185546875,\n              39.920269337634004\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.39898681640625,\n              39.82752244475985\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.43194580078124,\n              39.69873414348139\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42919921875,\n              39.6035720419788\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4896240234375,\n              39.41285507232951\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.63519287109375,\n              39.3130504637139\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.58987426757812,\n              39.29285986803579\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.50473022460938,\n              39.34704251121735\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.43675231933594,\n              39.39587712612034\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.35916137695312,\n              39.605688178320804\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.71234130859375,\n              40.588928169693745\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66766a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29956,"text":"wri854020 - 1985 - Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri854020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4020","title":"Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The construction of an exploratory shaft 12 feet in diameter into the Salado Formation (repository horizon for transuranic waste material) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in southeastern New Mexico affected water-levels in water-bearing zones above the repository horizon. By reading the construction history of the exploratory shaft, an approximation of construction-generated hydraulic stresses at the shaft was made. The magnitude of the construction-generated stresses was calibrated using the hydrographs from one hydrologic test pad. Whereas flow rates from the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members in the Rustler Formation into the exploratory shaft were unknown, the ratio of transmissivity to storage (diffusivity) was determined by mathematically simulating the aquifers and the hydrologic stresses with flood-wave-response digital model. These results indicate that the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members of the Rustler Formation can be modeled as homogeneous, isotropic, and confined water-bearing zones. One simple and consistent explanation, but by no means the only explanation, of the lack of a single diffusivity value in the Culebra aquifer is that the open-hole observation wells at the hydrologic test pads dampen the amplitude of water-level changes. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854020","usgsCitation":"Stevens, K., and Beyeler, W., 1985, Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4020, v, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854020.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66789e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Ken","contributorId":101264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyeler, Walt","contributorId":92306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyeler","given":"Walt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29953,"text":"wri854047 - 1985 - Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri854047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4047","title":"Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure","docAbstract":"Two versions of a computer program to compute total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure are presented. The FORTRAN 77 language version is for use on the PRIME computer, and the BASIC language version is for use on most microcomputers. The program contains built-in limitations and input-output options that closely follow the original modified Einstein procedure. Program documentation and listings of both versions of the program are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854047","usgsCitation":"Stevens, H., 1985, Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4047, 77 p.  :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854047.","productDescription":"77 p.  :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, H.H.","contributorId":90347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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