No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, 3rd International Symposium on River Sedimentation","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Symposium on River Sedimentation","conferenceLocation":"Jackson, Wyo.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., 1986, Modeling of estuarine hydrodynamics - a mixture of art and science, in Proceedings, 3rd International Symposium on River Sedimentation, Jackson, Wyo., p. 1468-1475.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1468","endPage":"1475","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebae4b081161682237b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186152,"text":"70186152 - 1986 - Application of the Flory-Huggins theory to the solubility of solids in glyceryl trioleate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:13:37","indexId":"70186152","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5353,"text":"Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions I","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the Flory-Huggins theory to the solubility of solids in glyceryl trioleate","docAbstract":"The conventional thermodynamic deviation for ideal solid–liquid solubilities is modified by substituting the Flory–Huggins model for Raoult's law. A comparison of published data for eleven solides in glyceryl trioleate with the predictions of the conventional and modified equations shows that the significantly higher athermal solubilities from the modified equation are in much better agreement with the experimental data. This suggests that discrepancies between the data and the predictions of the conventional model for ideal systems result from the inappropriate use of Raoult's law for systems with significant solute–solvent size disparity rather than from specific interactions.
In 1985 the USGS devised a model for a Seismic Computerized Alert Network (SCAN) that would use continuous monitoring of seismic data from existing types of instruments to provide automatic, highly-reliable early warnings of earthquake shaking. In a large earthquake, substantial damaging ground motions may occur at great distances from the earthquake's epicenter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"1986, Seismic Computerized Alert Network: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 4, p. 153-153.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d7d1c5e4b090824ff98e3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648602,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2002147,"text":"2002147 - 1986 - Modelling the transport of stored sediment in a gravel-bed river, northwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:52:22","indexId":"2002147","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":206,"text":"Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"159","title":"Modelling the transport of stored sediment in a gravel-bed river, northwestern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, H., Lamberson, R., and Madej, M.A., 1986, Modelling the transport of stored sediment in a gravel-bed river, northwestern California: Publication 159, p. 367-392.","productDescription":"p. 367-392","startPage":"367","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamberson, R.","contributorId":85538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014590,"text":"70014590 - 1986 - Fourier power spectra of the geomagnetic field for circular paths on the Earth's surface.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T00:13:17.464733","indexId":"70014590","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fourier power spectra of the geomagnetic field for circular paths on the Earth's surface.","docAbstract":"The Fourier power spectra of geomagnetic component values, synthesized from spherical harmonic models, have been computed for circular paths on the Earth's surface. They are not found to be more useful than is the spectrum of magnetic energy outside the Earth for the purpose of separating core and crustal sources of the geomagnetic field. The Fourier power spectra of N and E geomagnetic components along nearly polar great circle paths exhibit some unusual characteristics that are explained by the geometric perspective of Fourier series on spheres developed by Yee.
","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., and Benton, E., 1986, Fourier power spectra of the geomagnetic field for circular paths on the Earth's surface.: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 38, no. 8, p. 807-821.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"821","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a139be4b0c8380cd546ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benton, E.R.","contributorId":100550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benton","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015091,"text":"70015091 - 1986 - A comparison of several methods for the solution of the inverse problem in two-dimensional steady state groundwater flow modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:34:10","indexId":"70015091","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of several methods for the solution of the inverse problem in two-dimensional steady state groundwater flow modeling","docAbstract":"Two geostatistical approaches for the estimation of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head from hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head measurements are developed for two-dimensional steady flow with sinks. For both approaches the field of the logarithm of hydraulic conductivity (log-conductivity) is represented as a random field with mean θ1+θ2x+θ3y where xand y denote Cartesian coordinates, variance σ2, and covariance σ2, exp (−αR), σ2, exp (−αR2), or, σ2ΔRr where α, Δ, and r are constants and R is separation distance. The first approach uses linearization of the discretized flow equations to allow the construction of the joint covariance matrix of the hydraulic head and log-conductivity measurements as functions of the parameters θ, θ2, θ3, σ2, and α or Δ. It then uses maximum likelihood estimation to obtain these parameters and also a parameter associated with log-conductivity measurement error. Having found values for the parameters, it then uses kriging to form predictors for log-conductivity and hydraulic head from measured values of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head. The second approach uses kriging to form a parameter-dependent predictor for log-conductivity from measured hydraulic conductivity, and then uses this predicted log-conductivity placed into the discretized flow equations to compute hydraulic head. The parameters are determined by the minimization of the sum of the squares of the difference between the measured and computed hydraulic heads. A third approach simply allows the hydraulic conductivity field to be a step function with a different value for hydraulic conductivity assigned to each of several chosen regions in the two-dimensional aquifer. The assigned hydraulic conductivities are determined by the minimization of the sum of the squares of the difference between the measured and computed hydraulic heads. The three approaches are tested for hydraulic head prediction accuracy on two generated test problems, one of which is statistically generated, and also on a field problem. The third approach, despite its simplicity, performs as well or better than the other approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i005p00705","usgsCitation":"Kuiper, L.K., 1986, A comparison of several methods for the solution of the inverse problem in two-dimensional steady state groundwater flow modeling: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 5, p. 705-714, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i005p00705.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"714","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dbe4b0c8380cd4b42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuiper, Logan K.","contributorId":75281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"Logan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014624,"text":"70014624 - 1986 - Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean sea ice and terrestrial paleoclimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T00:17:32.206033","indexId":"70014624","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean sea ice and terrestrial paleoclimate","docAbstract":"Sea otter remains found in deposits of two marine transgressions (Bigbendian and Fishcreekian) of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain which occurred between 2.4 and 3 Ma suggest that during these two events the southern limit of seasonal sea ice was at least 1600 km farther north than at present in Alaskan waters. Perennial sea ice must have been severely restricted or absent, and winters were warmer than at present during these two sea-level highstands. Paleomagnetic, faunal, and palynological data indicate that the later transgression (Fishcreekian) occurred during the early part of the Matuyama Reversed-Polarity Chron. Amino acid diagenesis in fossil mollusks suggests that since the later transgression the effective diagenetic temperature (EDT) in the deposits has been about −16 °C, which is about 7 °C colder than modern values and slightly colder than the EDT calculated for the past 125 ka. Such a low EDT suggests that permafrost and perennial sea ice have been present nearly continuously since this transgression. Permafrost probably was absent, however, during the earlier (Bigbendian) transgression. Permafrost and extensive perennial sea ice may have been initiated during the late stages of climatic cooling that spanned the Gauss Normal-Matuyama Reversed-Polarity Chron boundary and led into the first major late Cenozoic glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.
Although synthetic borehole seismograms can be computed for a wide range of borehole conditions, the physical nature of shear and compressional head waves in fluid-filled boreholes is poorly understood. This paper presents a series of numerical experiments designed to explain the physical mechanisms controlling head-wave propagation in boreholes. These calculations demonstrate the existence of compressional normal modes equivalent to shear normal modes, or pseudo-Rayleigh waves, with sequential cutoff frequencies spaced between the cutoff frequencies for the shear normal modes. Major contributions to head-wave spectra occur in discrete peaks at frequencies just below mode cutoff for both compressional and shear modes. This result is confirmed by calculations with synthetic waveforms at frequencies corresponding to mode cutoff, and by branch-cut integrals designed to yield independent spectra for the compressional mode. For soft formations where shear velocity falls below acoustic velocity in the borehole fluid, leaky compressional normal modes attain properties similar to those of shear normal modes in the case of hard rock. In the limit of vanishing S-wave velocity, this result is formally related to a fluid-fluid waveguide with undamped compressional normal modes. Synthetic waveforms demonstrate that high-amplitude arrivals, traveling at velocities less than the acoustic velocity of the borehole fluid and at frequencies above a few kilohertz, represent the Airy phase of the compressional mode and are not a tube wave. Comparison of synthetic waveforms with waveforms obtained in soft sea sediments indicates that the predicted Airy phase arrivals are present in the experimental data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442192","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Cheng, C., 1986, A numerical investigation of head waves and leaky modes in fluid- filled boreholes: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 7, p. 1438-1449, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442192.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1438","endPage":"1449","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480132,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75062","text":"External Repository"},{"id":226095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c8e4b0c8380cd4691e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015179,"text":"70015179 - 1986 - Quantitative estimation of undiscovered mineral resources: A case study of US Forest Service Wilderness tracts in the Pacific Mountain system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T18:25:12.55426","indexId":"70015179","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative estimation of undiscovered mineral resources: A case study of US Forest Service Wilderness tracts in the Pacific Mountain system","docAbstract":"The need by land managers and planners for more quantitative measures of mineral values has prompted scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey to test a probabilistic method of mineral resource assessment on a portion of the wilderness lands that have been studied by the Survey during the past 20 years. A quantitative estimate of undiscovered mineral resources is made by linking the techniques of subjective estimation, geologic mineral deposit models, and Monte Carlo simulation. The study, which uses grade-tonnage and occurrence models for 21 geologic deposit types, considers 91 U.S. Forest Service wilderness tracts in California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Estimates of the amounts of the 11 metals contained in undiscovered mineral deposits of the types studied range from negligible to several years of U.S. consumption. Although these estimates are limited to metals contained in undiscovered deposits of a small number of metallic mineral deposit types, the assessment procedure can be expanded by the use of additional deposit models and by using information about identified mineral resources. This will allow models of economic processes such as exploration, development, and production to be applied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.1.80","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., Bliss, J.D., Bowen, R.W., Bridges, N., Cox, D.P., DeYoung, J.H., Houghton, J., Ludington, S.D., Menzie, W., Page, N., Root, D.H., and Singer, D.A., 1986, Quantitative estimation of undiscovered mineral resources: A case study of US Forest Service Wilderness tracts in the Pacific Mountain system: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 1, p. 80-88, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.1.80.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9216e4b0c8380cd8064f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, J. D.","contributorId":25564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, R. W.","contributorId":72394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridges, N.J.","contributorId":20320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, Dennis P. dcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":2766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dennis","email":"dcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":891705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeYoung, J. H.","contributorId":75908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Houghton, J.C.","contributorId":72801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houghton","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ludington, Steven D.","contributorId":107777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":333031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Page","given":"Norman J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":891711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":891712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70014652,"text":"70014652 - 1986 - Adaptation of Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyceae) to copper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T13:51:30.585652","indexId":"70014652","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptation of Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyceae) to copper","docAbstract":"Selenastrum capricornutum Printz, growing in a chemically defined medium, was used as a model for studying adaptation of algae to a toxic metal (copper) ion. Cells exhibited lag‐phase adaptation to 0.8 μM total Cu (10−12 M free ion concentration) after 20 generations of Cu exposure. Selenastrum adapted to the same concentration when Cu was gradually introduced over an 8‐h period using a specially designed apparatus that provided a transient increase in exposure concentration. Cu adaptation was not attributable to media conditioning by algal exudates. Duration of lag phase was a more sensitive index of copper toxicity to Selenastrum that was growth rate or stationary‐phase cell density under the experimental conditions used. Chemical speciation of the Cu dosing solution influenced the duration of lag phase even when media formulations were identical after dosing. Selenastrum initially exposed to Cu in a CuCl2 injection solution exhibited a lag phase of 3.9 d, but this was reduced to 1.5 d when a CuEDTA solution was used to achieve the same total Cu and EDTA concentrations. Physical and chemical processes that accelerated the rate of increase in cupric ion concentration generally increased the duration of lag phase.
An experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map of a topographic quadrangle of Nome, Alaska, at 1:1,000,000 scale was created to demonstrate current capabilities of map production. This paper describes the techniques used to produce the map product.
\nThe data consisted of forty-eight 1° by 1° blocks of resampled digital elevation model (DEM) data. These data were digitally mosaicked and assigned colors based on intervals of elevation values. The color-coded data set was then used to create a shaded-relief image that was photographically composited with cartographic line information to produce a shaded-relief map. The majority of the processing was completed at the National Mapping Division EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304086783900149","usgsCitation":"Judd, D.D., 1986, Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map: American Cartographer, v. 13, no. 1, p. 72-79, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304086783900149.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2de4b08de9379b368e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judd, Damon D.","contributorId":139143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judd","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001843,"text":"1001843 - 1986 - Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T12:32:03.810229","indexId":"1001843","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies","docAbstract":"We studied the distribution and density of passerine birds in relation to Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) and Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata) shrub coverages on mixed-grass prairies of central North Dakota. Birds were counted along shrubby and shrubless transects during the 1982 breeding season. Species richness and total density of birds were greater on shrubby transects. Five species were more abundant on shrubby transects. Availability of woody nesting substrates best explained differences in bird species abundances. Differences in shrub coverages between transects were probably the result of different land-use practices. Land management practices which modify shrub coverages can alter the composition of passerine bird communities.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T., and Higgins, K., 1986, Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 100, no. 1, p. 10-14.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/355532"},{"id":133996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.724375,45.938686],[-100.720865,45.944024],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-102.216993,48.998553],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.231397,48.997212],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-97.238882,48.966573],[-97.23146,48.962437],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.227854,48.945864],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.217549,48.929892],[-97.219095,48.922078],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.212706,48.908143],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.199981,48.891086],[-97.197857,48.886838],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.186238,48.87347],[-97.187113,48.866098],[-97.180116,48.861601],[-97.179071,48.856866],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.177243,48.846483],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.180991,48.828992],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177045,48.814124],[-97.164874,48.808253],[-97.165921,48.803792],[-97.162959,48.79293],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.157804,48.784104],[-97.154116,48.781891],[-97.155223,48.775499],[-97.147478,48.766033],[-97.151043,48.755707],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.139611,48.738129],[-97.134847,48.733324],[-97.135588,48.726403],[-97.126398,48.721101],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.119027,48.703292],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.097584,48.686298],[-97.100674,48.679624],[-97.100009,48.667926],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111559,48.630266],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.124774,48.621537],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.131448,48.613998],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.138246,48.604234],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.141585,48.59082],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.158267,48.558753],[-97.153942,48.556034],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.146279,48.499677],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.143745,48.473661],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141768,48.464021],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.133611,48.45228],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.137689,48.444247],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.13497,48.436337],[-97.139296,48.432011],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.142457,48.416727],[-97.138343,48.415944],[-97.1356,48.411829],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.145201,48.388904],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.142066,48.374209],[-97.147356,48.368723],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.143861,48.354503],[-97.137822,48.352003],[-97.137904,48.344585],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.134772,48.328677],[-97.127766,48.326781],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.13125,48.319543],[-97.131921,48.312728],[-97.126176,48.309147],[-97.126176,48.303701],[-97.122296,48.301388],[-97.12252,48.299299],[-97.128638,48.297657],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12408,48.27125],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.127146,48.262889],[-97.129384,48.258785],[-97.127967,48.251474],[-97.138033,48.246236],[-97.138618,48.242429],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.139311,48.230187],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.138154,48.223104],[-97.135617,48.220904],[-97.135177,48.217243],[-97.137407,48.215245],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.134738,48.207506],[-97.138765,48.20465],[-97.138007,48.197587],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.144242,48.16249],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.142133,48.144981],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.132176,48.135829],[-97.129453,48.133133],[-97.128279,48.127185],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.11147,48.105913],[-97.108428,48.099824],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.105616,48.091362],[-97.099798,48.085884],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.086986,48.058222],[-97.075641,48.052725],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.068711,48.027694],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.069284,48.016176],[-97.063289,48.014989],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.053089,47.990252],[-97.059153,47.97538],[-97.057153,47.97048],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.055554,47.949079],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.044954,47.941079],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.037354,47.933279],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.017254,47.913078],[-97.015054,47.907178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.023955,47.898078],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.018955,47.891078],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.025355,47.884278],[-97.017955,47.878478],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.021256,47.872578],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.001556,47.867377],[-97.005857,47.865277],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-96.996364,47.844398],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.982272,47.826668],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.980391,47.815662],[-96.977946,47.811619],[-96.980947,47.808337],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.95786,47.792021],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.963521,47.78729],[-96.965316,47.783474],[-96.956501,47.779798],[-96.956635,47.776188],[-96.949585,47.775228],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.936909,47.764536],[-96.937859,47.760195],[-96.932684,47.756804],[-96.934463,47.752956],[-96.929051,47.750331],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.919131,47.724731],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.920391,47.716527],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.9155,47.707968],[-96.915242,47.703527],[-96.907604,47.695119],[-96.909909,47.689522],[-96.907236,47.688493],[-96.902971,47.691576],[-96.900264,47.690775],[-96.896724,47.674758],[-96.891922,47.673157],[-96.885573,47.663443],[-96.887607,47.658853],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.882882,47.650168],[-96.882857,47.641714],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.870871,47.618042],[-96.874078,47.614774],[-96.860255,47.612175],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.854743,47.594728],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.853273,47.579483],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.858769,47.56741],[-96.857236,47.564055],[-96.859153,47.559741],[-96.853755,47.552497],[-96.856429,47.546957],[-96.854423,47.545333],[-96.856716,47.540271],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.863245,47.517266],[-96.854204,47.514368],[-96.851749,47.510088],[-96.853317,47.501322],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.85853,47.490889],[-96.855856,47.48831],[-96.85853,47.482484],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.856811,47.46319],[-96.859963,47.457363],[-96.858148,47.454498],[-96.859537,47.445662],[-96.85748,47.441603],[-96.861014,47.428995],[-96.858721,47.426129],[-96.864261,47.419539],[-96.861231,47.41781],[-96.86207,47.415159],[-96.858094,47.410317],[-96.853325,47.408889],[-96.852739,47.405909],[-96.84511,47.400483],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.840717,47.391314],[-96.841099,47.38415],[-96.845588,47.381571],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.853754,47.373405],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852226,47.367291],[-96.848119,47.358026],[-96.843439,47.354397],[-96.845158,47.34943],[-96.844012,47.346182],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.83852,47.33238],[-96.835177,47.32856],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.841194,47.317575],[-96.842531,47.312418],[-96.835735,47.310843],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.84022,47.276981],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842627,47.263991],[-96.840717,47.261221],[-96.840525,47.253866],[-96.834699,47.248135],[-96.838233,47.242882],[-96.832693,47.236196],[-96.837564,47.231802],[-96.835654,47.227217],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.838329,47.222059],[-96.835941,47.221009],[-96.836514,47.216137],[-96.833553,47.212794],[-96.835463,47.208401],[-96.83212,47.204866],[-96.83766,47.201141],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.83126,47.191781],[-96.831451,47.185572],[-96.826676,47.181561],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.825147,47.172295],[-96.824479,47.167042],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.824861,47.159783],[-96.822706,47.156229],[-96.83126,47.1509],[-96.830114,47.146793],[-96.832407,47.143736],[-96.827631,47.136572],[-96.828777,47.13151],[-96.824476,47.127188],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.821189,47.115723],[-96.822694,47.109622],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.81999,47.100849],[-96.818366,47.093304],[-96.820563,47.08977],[-96.819034,47.087573],[-96.82065,47.083619],[-96.819479,47.078181],[-96.823715,47.071717],[-96.823491,47.065911],[-96.821327,47.06293],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.820849,47.041438],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.821613,47.031505],[-96.817984,47.026538],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.833038,47.016029],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.824598,46.993309],[-96.819894,46.977357],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.809814,46.9639],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.79931,46.964118],[-96.799358,46.947355],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.790058,46.937664],[-96.791048,46.929876],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.775157,46.930863],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.760292,46.93341],[-96.762011,46.929303],[-96.759528,46.925769],[-96.761343,46.922234],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.762871,46.916886],[-96.765657,46.905063],[-96.770458,46.906763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.771258,46.877463],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779302,46.872699],[-96.782881,46.862585],[-96.781067,46.859146],[-96.782022,46.853415],[-96.777915,46.850741],[-96.780207,46.845392],[-96.779347,46.842144],[-96.783359,46.840807],[-96.785365,46.834025],[-96.789377,46.833166],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.791559,46.827864],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.802013,46.812464],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.796488,46.808709],[-96.796992,46.791572],[-96.791478,46.785694],[-96.792433,46.778913],[-96.788803,46.777575],[-96.788612,46.771271],[-96.784314,46.767546],[-96.785556,46.764394],[-96.783646,46.762579],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.783646,46.753123],[-96.784601,46.743094],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.784751,46.720495],[-96.786184,46.71284],[-96.791204,46.703747],[-96.787801,46.700446],[-96.787801,46.691181],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.788159,46.681879],[-96.788947,46.678382],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.792576,46.672173],[-96.798357,46.665314],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.796767,46.653363],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.789405,46.641639],[-96.791096,46.633155],[-96.784815,46.629439],[-96.783932,46.621598],[-96.779061,46.620834],[-96.778488,46.616153],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.775622,46.609276],[-96.772088,46.606315],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.766596,46.597957],[-96.762584,46.593946],[-96.76182,46.588501],[-96.756662,46.585827],[-96.756949,46.583534],[-96.752746,46.58277],[-96.752746,46.577517],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744532,46.551346],[-96.746347,46.546283],[-96.742812,46.543609],[-96.745009,46.541698],[-96.742335,46.538546],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.736147,46.513478],[-96.738562,46.509366],[-96.735888,46.50631],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737989,46.487875],[-96.735505,46.484914],[-96.735123,46.478897],[-96.726914,46.476432],[-96.726718,46.474121],[-96.720891,46.471446],[-96.720414,46.468008],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.715593,46.453867],[-96.718551,46.451913],[-96.716438,46.444567],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.709095,46.435294],[-96.706994,46.430231],[-96.701645,46.428607],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.69792,46.42068],[-96.696583,46.415617],[-96.688941,46.413134],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.669794,46.384644],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.647296,46.358499],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.628522,46.349569],[-96.62079,46.347607],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.608075,46.332576],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.60104,46.319554],[-96.598233,46.312563],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.598679,46.29775],[-96.600302,46.294407],[-96.596077,46.290536],[-96.598774,46.281417],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.594571,46.258302],[-96.594189,46.251712],[-96.590082,46.248655],[-96.598119,46.243112],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.59567,46.21985],[-96.591652,46.218183],[-96.583582,46.201047],[-96.587694,46.195262],[-96.587599,46.178928],[-96.584495,46.177123],[-96.582823,46.170905],[-96.57862,46.168135],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.562811,46.11625],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556345,46.08688],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.558088,46.072096],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.566295,46.051416],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.574264,46.016545],[-96.575869,46.007999],[-96.573605,46.002309],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-97.784575,45.935327],[-98.724375,45.938686]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610e97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, T.W.","contributorId":89484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001273,"text":"1001273 - 1986 - Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:10:42","indexId":"1001273","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","docAbstract":"Approximately 200 bald eagles wintered along a 370-km section of the Platte and North Platte rivers in Nebraska during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80. A preponderance of the wintering eagles were adults, with the adult:subadult ratio highest during the harsh winter of 1978-79. Nocturnal roosts were located primarily in tree plantings near the river, with mean tree age at the roosts ranging from 39 to 84 years. Bald eagles utilized a diverse prey base that included fish, birds, and mammals. Remains of 56 prey species were identified from pellets; 76% of pellets contained birds, 34% mammals, and 11% fish. Eagles foraged principally on fish when ice covered less than 80% of channels and water levels were moderate to low. Waterfowl and mammals dominated the diet when the river was almost entirely frozen or water levels were high. Mallards, eastern cottontails, and carp were the principal avian, mammalian, and piscine prey, respectively. Eagles traveled long distances from the river to feed on field-feeding waterfowl when alternate prey were not available. Fish were underrated in pellets because body components are more digestible than other major prey consumed.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lingle, G., and Krapu, G., 1986, Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 2, p. 65-78.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.14806,42.840013],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.056625,42.770781],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.013046,42.762299],[-98.005739,42.764167],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.248556,42.855386],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.806223,42.704154],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.423892,42.48898],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.381307,42.461694],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.413895,42.343393],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.384169,42.325874],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.368454,42.291848],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.356406,42.276493],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.327706,42.249992],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.356591,42.215182],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347243,42.186721],[-96.350323,42.17744],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.33798,42.157197],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.301023,42.128042],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.266594,42.103262],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.276758,42.081416],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.278445,42.060399],[-96.275548,42.051976],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.263886,42.039858],[-96.256087,42.03808],[-96.246832,42.041616],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.221901,42.029558],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.238859,42.012315],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.240713,41.999351],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.225463,41.994734],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.206083,42.009267],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.188067,42.006323],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.177203,41.976325],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.129505,41.971673],[-96.129186,41.965136],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.136613,41.927167],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.142265,41.915379],[-96.159098,41.910057],[-96.161988,41.905553],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.146083,41.874988],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.135253,41.863128],[-96.116202,41.854869],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.107911,41.840339],[-96.11081,41.828172],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.09827,41.814206],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.069662,41.803509],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.066413,41.788913],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.084673,41.753314],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.105582,41.731647],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.073376,41.710674],[-96.073063,41.705004],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.090579,41.697425],[-96.105119,41.699917],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.117751,41.694221],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.114978,41.67122],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.095415,41.652736],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.101496,41.59158],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.082406,41.571229],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.08822,41.530595],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.036603,41.509047],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.027289,41.541081],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.016474,41.546085],[-96.005079,41.544004],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.993891,41.523412],[-95.992833,41.512002],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-96.019224,41.489296],[-96.019542,41.486617],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-96.004708,41.472342],[-95.982962,41.469778],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-95.946465,41.466166],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.925713,41.459382],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.921833,41.442062],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.93749,41.393095],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93099,41.364696],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.88869,41.319097],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.874689,41.307097],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.872889,41.289497],[-95.88239,41.281397],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.293497],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.920291,41.301097],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.929591,41.292297],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.920391,41.268398],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.921291,41.258498],[-95.910891,41.233998],[-95.912591,41.226998],[-95.924891,41.211198],[-95.927491,41.202198],[-95.923219,41.191046],[-95.91459,41.185098],[-95.864789,41.188298],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.844088,41.180598],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.841888,41.171098],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.852788,41.165398],[-95.867344,41.168734],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.880936,41.160269],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.86545,41.101266],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865463,41.080367],[-95.878103,41.069587],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.879487,41.053299],[-95.861782,41.039427],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.860116,40.995242],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.833537,40.98266],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.829829,40.963857],[-95.837951,40.950618],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.830699,40.915004],[-95.814302,40.902936],[-95.809775,40.895447],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.824989,40.875],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.844073,40.869248],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.838601,40.826175],[-95.843921,40.817686],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.843745,40.803783],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.869982,40.759645],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.888697,40.736292],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.859378,40.708055],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.847931,40.694197],[-95.846034,40.682605],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.804307,40.664886],[-95.786568,40.657253],[-95.772832,40.642496],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.749685,40.606842],[-95.748858,40.599965],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.768527,40.583296],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.774704,40.573574],[-95.763833,40.553873],[-95.763624,40.548298],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.76692,40.531563],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.74868,40.524275],[-95.73725,40.52393],[-95.725214,40.527773],[-95.714291,40.527208],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.69721,40.528477],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.697281,40.536985],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.665486,40.556686],[-95.662097,40.549959],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655674,40.523557],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694726,40.493602],[-95.696756,40.478849],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.671742,40.456695],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.65563,40.434736],[-95.661463,40.415947],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.627124,40.3528],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.622704,40.340856],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.633807,40.329297],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.657764,40.315788],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.651507,40.306684],[-95.645329,40.305693],[-95.617931,40.313728],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.598657,40.309809],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.55162,40.288666],[-95.551488,40.281061],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.472548,40.236078],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.471393,40.217333],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.48254,40.192283],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.442818,40.163261],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.432165,40.141025],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.419186,40.130586],[-95.409481,40.130052],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.410643,40.091531],[-95.408455,40.079158],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.418345,40.066509],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.41932,40.048442],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.402665,40.030567],[-95.391527,40.027058],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.363983,40.031498],[-95.348777,40.029297],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.311163,40.007806],[-95.30829,39.999998],[-98.193483,40.002614],[-99.756835,40.001342],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.053249,41.001406]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nebraska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4956e4b07f02db595812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lingle, G.R.","contributorId":26648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lingle","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013961,"text":"1013961 - 1986 - A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:14:13.797759","indexId":"1013961","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cole, C., Griswold, C., Henderson, V., Hester, E., Modde, T., Noble, R., Pardue, G., Parker, N., Peterson, D., and Royce, W., 1986, A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee: Fisheries, v. 11, no. 6, p. 22-28.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-11-6"},{"id":132129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a95f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, C.F.","contributorId":72340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griswold, C.","contributorId":99938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, V.","contributorId":10383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hester, E.","contributorId":27013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Modde, T.","contributorId":98243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modde","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noble, R.L.","contributorId":98685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pardue, G.","contributorId":73159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardue","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peterson, D.C.","contributorId":38111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Royce, W.F.","contributorId":102841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royce","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70171186,"text":"70171186 - 1986 - Predictive models in hazard assessment of Great Lakes contaminants for fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T13:01:12","indexId":"70171186","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Predictive models in hazard assessment of Great Lakes contaminants for fish","docAbstract":"A hazard assessment scheme was developed and applied to predict potential harm to aquatic biota of nearly 500 organic compounds detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in Great Lakes fish. The frequency of occurrence and estimated concentrations of compounds found in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) were compared with available manufacturing and discharge information. Bioconcentration potential of the compounds was estimated from available data or from calculations of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Investigators at the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes also measured the acute toxicity (48-h EC50's) of 35 representative compounds to Daphnia pulex and compared the results with acute toxicity values generated by QSAR. The QSAR-derived toxicities for several chemicals underestimated the actual acute toxicity by one or more orders of magnitude. A multiple regression of log EC50 on log water solubility and molecular volume proved to be a useful predictive model. Additional models providing insight into toxicity incorporate solvatochromic parameters that measure dipolarity/polarizability, hydrogen bond acceptor basicity, and hydrogen bond donor acidity of the solute (toxicant).
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the technology transfer conference, part b: water quality research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Technology Transfer Conference","language":"English","publisher":"Ontario Ministry of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Passino, D.R., 1986, Predictive models in hazard assessment of Great Lakes contaminants for fish, in Proceedings of the technology transfer conference, part b: water quality research.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc0e4b07e28b662dd0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passino, Dora R. May","contributorId":23877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R. May","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180822,"text":"70180822 - 1986 - Preliminary estimates of loss of juvenile anadromous salmonids to predators in John Day Reservoir and development of a predation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:49:29","indexId":"70180822","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Preliminary estimates of loss of juvenile anadromous salmonids to predators in John Day Reservoir and development of a predation model","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Reiman, B., Beamesderfer, R., Nigro, A., Vigg, S., Hansel, H., and Palmer, D., 1986, Preliminary estimates of loss of juvenile anadromous salmonids to predators in John Day Reservoir and development of a predation model, 53 p. .","productDescription":"53 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d5e4b0fa1e59bc1ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiman, B.E.","contributorId":179080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiman","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beamesderfer, R.C.","contributorId":178973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beamesderfer","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nigro, A.A.","contributorId":73963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigro","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vigg, S.C.","contributorId":179081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vigg","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansel, H.C.","contributorId":34624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Palmer, D.E.","contributorId":152169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70015678,"text":"70015678 - 1986 - Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015678","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Granitoid rocks of the compositionally zoned Late Cretaceous Toulumne Intrusive Suite in the central Sierra Nevada, California, have initial87Sr/86Sr values (Sri) and143Nd/144Nd values (Ndi) that vary from 0.7057 to 0.7067 and from 0.51239 to 0.51211 respectively. The observed variation of both Sri and Ndi and of chemical composition in rocks of the suite cannot be due to crystal fractionation of magma solely under closed system conditons. The largest variation in chemistry, Ndi, and Sri is present in the outer-most equigranular units of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite. Sri varies positively with SiO2, Na2O, K2O, and Rb concentrations, and negatively with Ndi, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, FeO, CaO, MnO, P2O5, TiO2, and Sr concentrations. This covariation of Sri, Ndi and chemistry can be modeled by a process of simple mixing of basaltic and granitic magmas having weight percent SiO2 of 48.0 and 73.3 respectively. Isotopic characteristic of the mafic magma are Sri=0.7047, Ndi=0.51269 and ??18O=6.0, and of the felsic magma are Sri=0.7068, Ndi=0.51212 and ??18O=8.9. The rocks sampled contain from 50 to 80% of the felsic component. An aplite in the outer equigranular unit of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite apparently was derived by fractional crystallization of plagioclase and hornblende from magma with granudiorite composition that was a product of mixing of the magmas described above. Siliceous magmas derived from the lower crust, having a maximum of 15 percent mantle-derived mafic component, are represented by the inner prophyritic units of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00592937","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., Chappell, B.W., Peck, D., and Bateman, P.C., 1986, Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 94, no. 2, p. 205-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00592937.","startPage":"205","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592937"},{"id":223732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbfe4b0c8380cd647a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chappell, B. W.","contributorId":72444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, D. L.","contributorId":53784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bateman, P. C.","contributorId":27851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014481,"text":"70014481 - 1986 - ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014481","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS.","docAbstract":"The United States was divided into three regions, on the basis of mean annual rainfall, to decrease the variability in storm-runoff constituent loads and to improve regression relations with basin and climatic characteristics. Multiple-regression analyses, in progress, are being refined to determine the best regression models for each of the storm-runoff constituent loads in each of the three regions. These techniques, when finalized, can be used to estimate storm-runoff constituent loads for gaged and ungaged urban watersheds. The preliminary standard errors of estimate for five constituents examined to date ranged from 54 to 223 percent, and the coefficients of determination (r**2) ranged from 0. 39 to 0. 94. Total storm rainfall and total contributing drainage area appear to be the most significant independent variables in the regression models. This paper is a progress report on preliminary results of estimating storm-runoff constituent loads for ungaged watersheds.","conferenceTitle":"Urban Runoff Quality - Impact and Quality Enhancement Technology, Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Henniker, NH, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"087262577X","usgsCitation":"Driver, N.E., and Lystrom, D.J., 1986, ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS., Urban Runoff Quality - Impact and Quality Enhancement Technology, Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference., Henniker, NH, USA, p. 122-132.","startPage":"122","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0469e4b0c8380cd5097d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A.","contributorId":128383,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A.","id":536288,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Driver, Nancy E.","contributorId":67858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lystrom, David J.","contributorId":101283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lystrom","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015699,"text":"70015699 - 1986 - Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015699","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid","docAbstract":"Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10-100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371224","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fujimaki, H., 1986, Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 94, no. 1, p. 42-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371224.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371224"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753ae4b0c8380cd77a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujimaki, H.","contributorId":96014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujimaki","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015164,"text":"70015164 - 1986 - Finite-difference grid for a doublet well in an anisotropic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:22:26","indexId":"70015164","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-difference grid for a doublet well in an anisotropic aquifer","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is modeling hydraulic flow and thermal-energy transport at a two-well injection/ withdrawal system in St. Paul, Minnesota. The design of the finite-difference model grid for the doublet-well system is complicated because the aquifer is anisotropic and the principal axes of transmissivity are not aligned with the axis between the two wells.
\nAn analytical solution for flow in a doublet-well system in an infinite anisotropic aquifer was employed in the design of a grid with artificial boundaries placed in the midst of the flow field. Flow-net analysis was used to determine water flux across an cquipotential boundary and to assign approximate flux values at model boundaries. This enabled the simulation of the effects of the entire flow field, although only a small part was modeled.
\nThe validity of the flux values at the model boundaries for the isothermal case was tested by simulation of an eight-day injection test of ambient-temperature water. Model-computed pressures compared very favorably with field-observed pressures. The validity of boundary-flux values also was tested for nonisothermal conditions by simulation of injection of 300o F water at 300 gallons per minute for eight days.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01028.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., and Voss, C., 1986, Finite-difference grid for a doublet well in an anisotropic aquifer: Ground Water, v. 24, no. 4, p. 490-496, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01028.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"496","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a102be4b0c8380cd53b6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. T.","contributorId":15209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015726,"text":"70015726 - 1986 - Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015726","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging","docAbstract":"Cokriging is applied to estimation of missing monthly streamflow values in three records from gaging stations in west central Virginia. Missing values are estimated from optimal consideration of the pattern of auto- and cross-correlation among standardized residual log-flow records. Investigation of the sensitivity of estimation to data configuration showed that when observations are available within two months of a missing value, estimation is improved by accounting for correlation. Concurrent and lag-one observations tend to screen the influence of other available observations. Three models of covariance structure in residual log-flow records are compared using cross-validation. Models differ in how much monthly variation they allow in covariance. Precision of estimation, reflected in mean squared error (MSE), proved to be insensitive to this choice. Cross-validation is suggested as a tool for choosing an inverse transformation when an initial nonlinear transformation is applied to flow values. ?? 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00899744","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Solow, A., and Gorelick, S., 1986, Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging: Mathematical Geology, v. 18, no. 8, p. 785-809, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00899744.","startPage":"785","endPage":"809","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899744"},{"id":223785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b2ee4b0c8380cd525ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solow, A.R.","contributorId":9404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solow","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014661,"text":"70014661 - 1986 - Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in Proterozoic intrusives astride the Grenville Front in Labrador: Implications for crustal contamination and basement mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:29:05.970601","indexId":"70014661","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in Proterozoic intrusives astride the Grenville Front in Labrador: Implications for crustal contamination and basement mapping","docAbstract":"We report Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of mid-Proterozoic anorthosites and related rocks (1.45-1.65 Ga) and of younger olivine diabase dikes (1.4 Ga) from two complexes on either side of the Grenville Front in Labrador. Anorthositic or diabasic samples from the Mealy Mountains (Grenville Province) and Harp Lake (Nain-Churchill Provinces) complexes have very similar major, minor and trace element compositions, but distinctly different isotopic signatures. All Mealy Mountains samples have ISr = 0.7025−0.7033, εNd = +0.6 to +5.6 and Pb isotopic compositions consistent with derivation from a mantle source depleted with respect to Nd/Sm and Rb/Sr. Pb isotopic compositions for the Mealy Mountains samples are slightly more radiogenic than model mantle compositions. All Harp Lake samples have ISr = 0.7032−0.7066, εNd = −0.3 to −4.4 and variable, but generally unradiogenic 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb compared to model mantle, suggesting mixing between a mantle-derived component and a U-depleted crustal contaminant. Crustal contaminants are probably a variety of Archean high-grade quartzofeldspathic gneisses with low U/Pb ratios and include a component that must be isotopically similar to the early Archean (>3.6 Ga) Uivak gneisses of Labrador or the Amitsoq gneisses of west Greenland. This would imply that the ancient gneiss complex of coastal Labrador and Greenland is larger than indicated by present surface exposure and may extend in the subsurface as far west as the Labrador Trough. If Harp Lake and Mealy Mountains samples were subjected to the same degree of contamination, as suggested by their chemical similarities, then the Mealy contaminants must be much younger, probably early or middle Proterozoic in age. The Labrador segment of the Grenville Front, therefore, appears to coincide with the southern margin of the Archean North Atlantic craton and may represent a pre mid-Proterozoic suture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90211-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ashwal, L., Wooden, J.L., and Emslie, R., 1986, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in Proterozoic intrusives astride the Grenville Front in Labrador: Implications for crustal contamination and basement mapping: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 12, p. 2571-2585, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90211-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2571","endPage":"2585","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b963fe4b08c986b31b3be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashwal, L.D.","contributorId":82060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashwal","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emslie, R.F.","contributorId":102642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emslie","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015078,"text":"70015078 - 1986 - Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015078","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982","docAbstract":"The Mount St. Helens fumarole gases show linear composition trends during periods of noneruptive degassing between September 1980 and October 1981. The trends are characterized by increasing H2O and decreasing CO2 and sulfur. Maximum fumarole temperatures also show a linear decrease during this period. High-temperature fumarole gases collected from the crater and dome between September 1980 and July 1982 are all H2O-rich (> 90%) with 1-10% CO2 and small amounts of H2S, SO2, H2, CO, HC, and HF. Trace amounts of COS and S2 are present, and occasional observations of minor CH4 appear to result from contamination or low-temperature reactions in sample vessels. The O2 fugacities of the gases remain near Ni-NiO during cooling. The low sulfur content of the gases obviates the need for extensive gas-rock oxygen exchange to maintain fO2's near Ni-NiO. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of 50 gas samples collected between September 1980 and December 1981 led to improved compositions for 22 samples. The gases were initially in a state of equilibrium, but disequilibrium modifications from atmospheric oxidation of H2 and, to a lesser extent, CO occurred within the upper portions of the fumarole vents. The last temperatures of equilibrium for the fumarole gases range from 800??C to 650??C and are nearly always higher than the collection temperatures. No evidence was found of disequilibrium admixture of surface waters; if such modifications of the fumarole gases occurred, the water must have been added at depth and have reequilibrated with the other gas species at magmatic or near-magmatic temperatures. The highest quality analytical data are obtained by field gas chromatograph measurements and from caustic soda bottle samples. Samples collected in evacuated bottles or by pumping through double stopcock tubes tend to be severely deficient in sulfur due to post-collection reactions between H2S and SO2. It is also necessary to infer the water content of the latter samples. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., and Casadevall, T.J., 1986, Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 107-140.","startPage":"107","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c77e4b0c8380cd52b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015110,"text":"70015110 - 1986 - RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015110","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA.","docAbstract":"Subsurface freshwater storage has been operationally tested at seven sites in central and south Florida. Injection was into a high chloride water aquifer at six sites, and into a high sulfate water aquifer at the seventh. Recovery efficiency has ranged from 0 to 75 percent in high chloride water aquifers, and has exceeded 100 percent in the high sulfate water aquifer. Computer modeling techniques were used to examine the geohydrologic, design, and management factors governing the recovery efficiency of subsurface freshwater storage. The modeling approach permitted many combinations of geohydrologic and operational conditions to be studied at relatively low cost.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1986, RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 251-260.","startPage":"251","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9336e4b0c8380cd80c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Michael L.","contributorId":29392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015053,"text":"70015053 - 1986 - 10Be distribution in soils from Merced River terraces, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:00:05.261877","indexId":"70015053","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"10Be distribution in soils from Merced River terraces, California","title":"10Be distribution in soils from Merced River terraces, California","docAbstract":"The distribution and residence time of cosmogenic 10Be in clay-rich soil horizons is fundamental to understanding and modelling the migration of 10Be on terrestrial sediments and in groundwater solutions. We have analyzed seven profiles of clay-rich soils developed from terrace sediments of the Merced River, California. The terraces and soils of increasing age are used to compare the 10Be inventory with a simple model of accumulation, decay and erosion. The data show that the distribution of 10Be varies with soil horizon clay content, that the residence time of 10Be in these horizons exceeds 105 years, and that to a rough approximation the inventory of 10Be in a thoroughly sampled soil profile fits the equation: N = (q − Em)(1 − e−λι)/λ where q is delivery rate, E is erosion rate, m is the concentration of 10Be in the eroding surface layer, λ is the decay constant, and t is the age of the depositional unit from which the soil has developed. The general applicability of this model is uncertain and warrants further testing in well-calibrated terrace sequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90134-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Pavich, M., Brown, L., Harden, J., Klein, J., and Middleton, R., 1986, 10Be distribution in soils from Merced River terraces, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 8, p. 1727-1735, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90134-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1727","endPage":"1735","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e223e4b0c8380cd459aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.","contributorId":43918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klein, J.","contributorId":90885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Middleton, R.","contributorId":43105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}