{"pageNumber":"1484","pageRowStart":"37075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70047383,"text":"ofr20131042 - 2013 - Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T14:40:28.392522","indexId":"ofr20131042","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1042","title":"Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?","docAbstract":"Large perturbations since the mid-1800s to the supply and source of sediment entering San Francisco Bay have disturbed natural processes for more than 150 years. Only recently have sediment inputs through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) decreased to what might be considered pre-disturbance levels. Declining sediment inputs to San Francisco Bay raise concern about continued tidal marsh accretion, particularly if sea level rise accelerates in the future. The aim of this study is to explore whether the relative amount of local-watershed sediment accumulating in a tidal marsh has changed as sediment supply from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers has decreased. To address this question, sediment geochemical indicators, or signatures, in the fine fraction (silt and clay) of Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, San Francisco Bay, and Corte Madera Creek sediment were identified and applied in sediment recovered from Corte Madera Marsh, one of the few remaining natural marshes in San Francisco Bay. Total major, minor, trace, and rare earth element (REE) contents of fine sediment were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass and atomic emission spectroscopy. Fine sediment from potential source areas had the following geochemical signatures: Sacramento River sediment downstream of the confluence of the American River was characterized by enrichments in chromium, zirconium, and heavy REE; San Joaquin River sediment at Vernalis and Lathrop was characterized by enrichments in thorium and total REE content; Corte Madera Creek sediment had elevated nickel contents; and the composition of San Francisco Bay mud proximal to Corte Madera Marsh was intermediate between these sources. Most sediment geochemical signatures were relatively invariant for more than 150 years, suggesting that the composition of fine sediment in Corte Madera Marsh is not very sensitive to changes in the magnitude, timing, or source of sediment entering San Francisco Bay through the Delta. Nor does there appear to be a ubiquitous increase in the proportion of fine sediment from Corte Madera watershed accumulating in the marsh during the last 20 years when sediment inflows through the Delta have decreased to pre-disturbance levels. We conclude that a large, well-mixed reservoir, such as the transportable fine sediment pool in San Francisco Bay, is the primary source of sediment to Corte Madera Marsh, and this source buffers the marsh against changes in sediment supply from the Delta and local watersheds. This study also found that Corte Madera Marsh sediment between about 10-30 centimeters depth is highly contaminated with lead, likely a legacy of lead smelter operations near Carquinez Strait and leaded gasoline use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131042","usgsCitation":"Takesue, R.K., and Jaffe, B.E., 2013, Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1042, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131042.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1829-12-30","temporalEnd":"2010-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131042.jpg"},{"id":275958,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1042/of2013-1042.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,37.0 ], [ -123.5,38.5 ], [ -121.0,38.5 ], [ -121.0,37.0 ], [ -123.5,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takesue, Renee K. 0000-0003-1205-0825 rtakesue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0825","contributorId":2159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"Renee","email":"rtakesue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047382,"text":"70047382 - 2013 - Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:21:46","indexId":"70047382","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Stream piracy substantially affected the geomorphic evolution of the Missouri River watershed and drainages within, including the Little Missouri, Cheyenne, Belle Fourche, Bad, and White Rivers. The ancestral Cheyenne River eroded headward in an annular pattern around the eastern and southern Black Hills and pirated the headwaters of the ancestral Bad and White Rivers after ~ 660 ka. The headwaters of the ancestral Little Missouri River were pirated by the ancestral Belle Fourche River, a tributary to the Cheyenne River that currently drains much of the northern Black Hills. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques were used to estimate the timing of this piracy event at ~ 22–21 ka. The geomorphic evolution of the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche Rivers is also expressed by regionally recognized strath terraces that include (from oldest to youngest) the Sturgis, Bear Butte, and Farmingdale terraces. Radiocarbon and OSL dates from fluvial deposits on these terraces indicate incision to the level of the Bear Butte terrace by ~ 63 ka, incision to the level of the Farmingdale terrace at ~ 40 ka, and incision to the level of the modern channel after ~ 12–9 ka. Similar dates of terrace incision have been reported for the Laramie and Wind River Ranges. Hypothesized causes of incision are the onset of colder climate during the middle Wisconsinan and the transition to the full-glacial climate of the late-Wisconsinan/Pinedale glaciation. Incision during the Holocene of the lower Cheyenne River is as much as ~ 80 m and is 3 to 4 times the magnitude of incision at ~ 63 ka and ~ 40 ka. The magnitude of incision during the Holocene might be due to a combined effect of three geomorphic processes acting in concert: glacial isostatic rebound in lower reaches (~ 40 m), a change from glacial to interglacial climate, and adjustments to increased watershed area resulting from piracy of the ancestral headwaters of the Little Missouri River.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","usgsCitation":"Stamm, J., Hendricks, R.R., Sawyer, J.F., Mahan, S., Zaprowski, B.J., Geibel, N.M., and Azzolini, D.C., 2013, Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming: Geomorphology, v. 197, p. 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-029796","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.76,40.99 ], [ -108.76,46.45 ], [ -99.07,46.45 ], [ -99.07,40.99 ], [ -108.76,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d5e4b0296e5a4b5bec","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Stamm John F., Hendricks Robert R., Sawyer J. Foster, Mahan Shannon A., Zaprowski Brent J., Geibel Nicholas M., Azzolini David C.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"9/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, Robert R.","contributorId":19070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, J. Foster","contributorId":80344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaprowski, Brent J.","contributorId":6362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaprowski","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geibel, Nicholas M.","contributorId":14721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geibel","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Azzolini, David C.","contributorId":62915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azzolini","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047379,"text":"ofr20131138 - 2013 - A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T13:27:06","indexId":"ofr20131138","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1138","title":"A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives","docAbstract":"The Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs) within the Great Lakes region are examples of broad-scale, collaborative resource-management efforts that require a sound ecosystems approach. Yet, the LaMP process is lacking a holistic framework that allows these individual actions to be planned and understood within the broader context of the Great Lakes ecosystem. In this paper we (1) introduce a conceptual framework that unifies ideas and language among Great Lakes managers and scientists, whose focus areas range from tributary watersheds to open-lake waters, and (2) illustrate how the framework can be used to outline the geomorphic, hydrologic biological, and societal processes that underlie several goals of the Lake Michigan LaMP, thus providing a holistic and fairly comprehensive roadmap for tackling these challenges. For each selected goal, we developed a matrix that identifies the key ecosystem processes within the cell for each lake zone and each discipline; we then provide one example where a process is poorly understood and a second where a process is understood, but its impact or importance is unclear. Implicit in these objectives was our intention to highlight the importance of the Great Lakes coastal/nearshore zone. Although the coastal/nearshore zone is the important linkage zone between the watershed and open-lake zones—and is the zone where most LaMP issues are focused--scientists and managers have a relatively poor understanding of how the coastal/nearshore zone functions. We envision follow-up steps including (1) collaborative development of a more detailed and more complete conceptual model of how (and where) identified processes are thought to function, and (2) a subsequent gap analysis of science and monitoring priorities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131138","usgsCitation":"Seelbach, P.W., Fogarty, L., Bunnell, D.B., Haack, S.K., and Rogers, M.W., 2013, A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1138, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131138.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131138.jpg"},{"id":275949,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1138/"},{"id":275950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1138/pdf/ofr2013-1138.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.9119,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,41.6089 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6cfe4b0296e5a4b5be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seelbach, Paul W. pseelbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":3937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","email":"pseelbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa R.","contributorId":74074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David Bo","contributorId":103959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Bo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047378,"text":"sir20135097 - 2013 - Springs, streams, and gas vent on and near Mount Adams volcano, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T12:56:55","indexId":"sir20135097","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5097","title":"Springs, streams, and gas vent on and near Mount Adams volcano, Washington","docAbstract":"Springs and some streams on Mount Adams volcano have been sampled for chemistry and light stable isotopes of water. Spring temperatures are generally cooler than air temperatures from weather stations at the same elevation. Spring chemistry generally reflects weathering of volcanic rock from dissolved carbon dioxide. Water in some springs and streams has either dissolved hydrothermal minerals or has reacted with them to add sulfate to the water. Some samples appear to have obtained their sulfate from dissolution of gypsum while some probably involve reaction with sulfide minerals such as pyrite. Light stable isotope data for water from springs follow a local meteoric water line, and the variation of isotopes with elevation indicate that some springs have very local recharge and others have water from elevations a few hundred meters higher. No evidence was found for thermal or slightly thermal springs on Mount Adams. A sample from a seeping gas vent on Mount Adams was at ambient temperature, but the gas is similar to that found on other Cascade volcanoes. Helium isotopes are 4.4 times the value in air, indicating that there is a significant component of mantle helium. The lack of fumaroles on Mount Adams and the ambient temperature of the gas indicates that the gas is from a hydrothermal system that is no longer active.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135097","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., and Mariner, R.H., 2013, Springs, streams, and gas vent on and near Mount Adams volcano, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5097, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135097.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275951,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5097/"},{"id":275952,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5097/sir3013-5097.pdf"},{"id":275953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135097.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.45,46 ], [ -121.45,46.30 ], [ -121.15,46.30 ], [ -121.15,46 ], [ -121.45,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047370,"text":"sir20135146 - 2013 - Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T10:34:14","indexId":"sir20135146","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5146","title":"Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has proposed dredging a 13-mile reach of the St. Johns River navigation channel in Jacksonville, Florida, deepening it to depths between 50 and 54 feet below North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The dredging operation will remove about 10 feet of sediments from the surficial aquifer system, including limestone in some locations. The limestone unit, which is in the lowermost part of the surficial aquifer system, supplies water to domestic wells in the Jacksonville area. Because of density-driven hydrodynamics of the St. Johns River, saline water from the Atlantic Ocean travels upstream as a saltwater “wedge” along the bottom of the channel, where the limestone is most likely to be exposed by the proposed dredging. A study was conducted to determine the potential effects of navigation channel deepening in the St. Johns River on salinity in the adjacent surficial aquifer system. Simulations were performed with each of four cross-sectional, variable-density groundwater-flow models, developed using SEAWAT, to simulate hypothetical changes in salinity in the surficial aquifer system as a result of dredging. The cross-sectional models were designed to incorporate a range of hydrogeologic conceptualizations to estimate the effect of uncertainty in hydrogeologic properties. The cross-sectional models developed in this study do not necessarily simulate actual projected conditions; instead, the models were used to examine the potential effects of deepening the navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system under a range of plausible hypothetical conditions.\n
\n
\nSimulated results for modeled conditions indicate that dredging will have little to no effect on salinity variations in areas upstream of currently proposed dredging activities. Results also indicate little to no effect in any part of the surficial aquifer system along the cross section near River Mile 11 or in the water-table unit along the cross section near River Mile 8. Salinity increases of up to 4.0 parts per thousand (ppt) were indicated by the model incorporating hydrogeologic conceptualizations with both a semiconfining bed over the limestone unit and a preferential flow layer within the limestone along the cross section near River Mile 8. Simulated increases in salinity greater than 0.2 ppt in this area were generally limited to portions of the limestone unit within about 75 feet of the channel on the north side of the river.\n
\n
\nThe potential for saltwater to move from the river channel to the surficial aquifer system is limited, but may be present in areas where the head gradient from the aquifer to the river is small or negative and the salinity of the river is sufficient to induce density-driven advective flow into the aquifer. In some areas, simulated increases in salinity were exacerbated by the presence of laterally extensive semiconfining beds in combination with a high-conductivity preferential flow zone in the limestone unit of the surficial aquifer system and an upgradient source of saline water, such as beneath the salt marshes near Fanning Island. The volume of groundwater pumped in these areas is estimated to be low; therefore, saltwater intrusion will not substantially affect regional water supply, although users of the surficial aquifer system east of Dames Point along the northern shore of the river could be affected. Proposed dredging operations pose no risk to salinization of the Floridan aquifer system; in the study area, the intermediate confining unit ranges in thickness from more than 300 to about 500 feet and provides sufficient hydraulic separation between the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bellino, J.C., and Spechler, R.M., 2013, Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5146, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135146.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135146.jpg"},{"id":275936,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/"},{"id":275937,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/pdf/sir20135146.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River Navigation Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.68096,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.309025 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047483,"text":"70047483 - 2013 - Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T07:24:14","indexId":"70047483","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T07:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use","docAbstract":"Spatial variation in food resources strongly influences many aspects of aquatic consumer ecology. Although large-scale controls over spatial variation in many aspects of food resources are well known, others have received little study. Here we investigated variation in the fatty acid (FA) composition of seston and primary consumers within (i.e., among habitats) and among tributary systems of Lake Michigan, USA. FA composition of food is important because all metazoans require certain FAs for proper growth and development that cannot be produced de novo, including many polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here we sampled three habitat types (river, rivermouth and nearshore zone) in 11 tributaries of Lake Michigan to assess the amount of FA in seston and primary consumers of seston. We hypothesize that among-system and among-habitat variation in FAs at the base of food webs would be related to algal production, which in turn is influenced by three land cover characteristics: 1) combined agriculture and urban lands (an indication of anthropogenic nutrient inputs that fuel algal production), 2) the proportion of surface waters (an indication of water residence times that allow algal producers to accumulate) and 3) the extent of riparian forested buffers (an indication of stream shading that reduces algal production). Of these three land cover characteristics, only intense land use appeared to strongly related to seston and consumer FA and this effect was only strong in rivermouth and nearshore lake sites. River seston and consumer FA composition was highly variable, but that variation does not appear to be driven by the watershed land cover characteristics investigated here. Whether the spatial variation in FA content at the base of these food webs significantly influences the production of economically important species higher in the food web should be a focus of future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0070666","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., Richardson, W.B., Knights, B.C., Bartsch, L., Bartsch, M., Nelson, J., Veldboom, J.A., and Vallazza, J.M., 2013, Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 8, e70666, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666.","productDescription":"e70666","ipdsId":"IP-043752","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276186,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666"},{"id":276174,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0070666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan;Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.91,41.61 ], [ -87.91,46.1 ], [ -84.74,46.1 ], [ -84.74,41.61 ], [ -87.91,41.61 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5203a377e4b02bdb1bc63f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, J. C. 0000-0002-7105-0107 jcnelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-0107","contributorId":459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J. C.","email":"jcnelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Veldboom, Jason A. jveldboom@usgs.gov","contributorId":4123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veldboom","given":"Jason","email":"jveldboom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. jvallazza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70161897,"text":"70161897 - 2013 - Post-earthquake building safety inspection: Lessons from the Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T16:51:19","indexId":"70161897","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-earthquake building safety inspection: Lessons from the Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes","docAbstract":"

The authors discuss some of the unique aspects and lessons of the New Zealand post-earthquake building safety inspection program that was implemented following the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010–2011. The post-event safety assessment program was one of the largest and longest programs undertaken in recent times anywhere in the world. The effort engaged hundreds of engineering professionals throughout the country, and also sought expertise from outside, to perform post-earthquake structural safety inspections of more than 100,000 buildings in the city of Christchurch and the surrounding suburbs. While the building safety inspection procedure implemented was analogous to the ATC 20 program in the United States, many modifications were proposed and implemented in order to assess the large number of buildings that were subjected to strong and variable shaking during a period of two years. This note discusses some of the key aspects of the post-earthquake building safety inspection program and summarizes important lessons that can improve future earthquake response.

","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.4000151","usgsCitation":"Marshall, J., Jaiswal, K.S., Gould, N., Turner, F., Lizundia, B., and Barnes, J., 2013, Post-earthquake building safety inspection: Lessons from the Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes: Earthquake Spectra, v. 29, no. 3, p. 1091-1107, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000151.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1091","endPage":"1107","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049971","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","state":"Canterbury","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -47.50235895196859\n ],\n [\n 174.77050781249997,\n -47.50235895196859\n ],\n [\n 174.77050781249997,\n -40.49709237269566\n ],\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -40.49709237269566\n ],\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -47.50235895196859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5690ebcfe4b09c7f9a218be0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, J.","contributorId":45243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor S. 0000-0002-5803-8007 kjaiswal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-8007","contributorId":149796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, N.","contributorId":29724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, F.","contributorId":105202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lizundia, B.","contributorId":85489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizundia","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnes, J.","contributorId":36237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70107482,"text":"70107482 - 2013 - Frictional-faulting model for harmonic tremor before Redoubt Volcano eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-20T16:12:24","indexId":"70107482","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T16:07:08","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frictional-faulting model for harmonic tremor before Redoubt Volcano eruptions","docAbstract":"Seismic unrest, indicative of subsurface magma transport and pressure changes within fluid-filled cracks and conduits, often precedes volcanic eruptions. An intriguing form of volcano seismicity is harmonic tremor, that is, sustained vibrations in the range of 0.5–5 Hz. Many source processes can generate harmonic tremor. Harmonic tremor in the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, has been linked to repeating earthquakes of magnitudes around 0.5–1.5 that occur a few kilometres beneath the vent. Before many explosions in that eruption, these small earthquakes occurred in such rapid succession—up to 30 events per second—that distinct seismic wave arrivals blurred into continuous, high-frequency tremor. Tremor abruptly ceased about 30 s before the explosions. Here we introduce a frictional-faulting model to evaluate the credibility and implications of this tremor mechanism. We find that the fault stressing rates rise to values ten orders of magnitude higher than in typical tectonic settings. At that point, inertial effects stabilize fault sliding and the earthquakes cease. Our model of the Redoubt Volcano observations implies that the onset of volcanic explosions is preceded by active deformation and extreme stressing within a localized region of the volcano conduit, at a depth of several kilometres.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1879","usgsCitation":"Dmitrieva, K., Hotovec-Ellis, A.J., Prejean, S.G., and Dunham, E.M., 2013, Frictional-faulting model for harmonic tremor before Redoubt Volcano eruptions: Nature Geoscience, v. 6, no. 8, p. 652-656, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1879.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-049261","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1879"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.792,59.774 ], [ -154.792,61.1813 ], [ -150.6941,61.1813 ], [ -150.6941,59.774 ], [ -154.792,59.774 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c796ae4b00e1e1a484865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dmitrieva, Ksenia","contributorId":80195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dmitrieva","given":"Ksenia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J.","contributorId":81023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec-Ellis","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunham, Eric M.","contributorId":72273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047153,"text":"70047153 - 2013 - Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T11:05:31","indexId":"70047153","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T16:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 313 continuously cored Lower to Middle Miocene sequences at three continental shelf sites off New Jersey, USA. The most seaward of these, Site M29, contains a well-preserved Early and Middle Miocene succession of planktonic diatoms that have been independently correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale derived in studies from the equatorial and North Pacific. Shallow water diatoms (species of Delphineis, Rhaphoneis, and Sceptroneis) dominate in onshore sequences in Maryland and Virginia, forming the basis for the East Coast Diatom Zones (ECDZ). Integrated study of both planktonic and shallow water diatoms in Hole M29A as well as in onshore sequences in Maryland (the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company well) and Delaware (the Ocean Drilling Program Bethany Beach corehole) allows the refinement of ECDZ zones into a high-resolution biochronology that can be successfully applied in both onshore and offshore regions of the East Coast of the United States. Strontium isotope stratigraphy supports the diatom biochronology, although for much of the Middle Miocene it suggests ages that are on average 0.4 m.y. older. The ECDZ zonal definitions are updated to include evolutionary events of Delphineis species, and regional occurrences of important planktonic diatom marker taxa are included. Updated taxonomy, reference to published figures, and photographic images are provided that will aid in the application of this diatom biostratigraphy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00864.1","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Browning, J., Sugarman, P., and Miller, K.G., 2013, Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1286-1302, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1286","endPage":"1302","ipdsId":"IP-049444","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00864.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.34,30.79 ], [ -82.34,45.13 ], [ -66.17,45.13 ], [ -66.17,30.79 ], [ -82.34,30.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52835c25e4b047efbbb4ae6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Browning, James","contributorId":77033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter","contributorId":78638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048496,"text":"70048496 - 2013 - Eastern musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T15:50:21","indexId":"70048496","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T15:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Eastern musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Reptiles of Tennessee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Tennessee Press","publisherLocation":"Knoxville, TN","isbn":"9781572339491","usgsCitation":"Glorioso, B.M., 2013, Eastern musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus), chap. of The Reptiles of Tennessee, p. 301-304.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-031210","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278231,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://utpress.org/bookdetail-2/?jobno=T01651"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.3103,34.9829 ], [ -90.3103,36.678 ], [ -81.6469,36.678 ], [ -81.6469,34.9829 ], [ -90.3103,34.9829 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a2181e4b051792d019503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047356,"text":"ofr20131158 - 2013 - Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T14:23:55","indexId":"ofr20131158","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T14:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1158","title":"Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-11","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey anchored a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico to collect seasonal time-series data on the flux and assemblage composition of live planktic foraminifers. This report provides an update of the previous time-series data to include results from 2011. Ten species, or varieties, constituted ~92 percent of the 2011 assemblage: Globigerinoides ruber (pink and white varieties), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerina calida, Globigerinella aequilateralis, Globorotalia menardii group [The Gt. menardii group includes Gt. menardii, Gt. tumida, and Gt. ungulata], Orbulina universa, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Pulleniatina spp., and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The mean daily flux was 205 tests per square meter per day (m-2 day-1), with maximum fluxes of >600 tests m-2 day-1 during mid-February and mid-September and minimum fluxes of <60 tests m-2 day-1 during mid-March, the beginning of May, and November. Globorotalia truncatulinoides showed a clear preference for the winter, consistent with data from 2008 to 2010. Globigerinoides ruber (white) flux data for 2011 (average 30 tests m-2 day-1) were consistent with data from 2010 (average 29 m-2 day-1) and showed a steady threefold increase since 2009 (average 11 tests m-2 day-1) and a tenfold increase from the 2008 flux (3 tests m-2 day-1).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131158","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, C.E., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1158, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131158.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131158.jpg"},{"id":275797,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1158/"},{"id":275798,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1158/pdf/ofr2013-1158.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.65,25.36 ], [ -90.65,26.34 ], [ -89.65,26.34 ], [ -89.65,25.36 ], [ -90.65,25.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb7555e4b04b00e3d7856b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Caitlin E. 0000-0002-1724-3055 creynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-3055","contributorId":4049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Caitlin","email":"creynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047317,"text":"70047317 - 2013 - Ecological correlates of variable organ sizes and fat loads in the most northerly-wintering shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:38:31","indexId":"70047317","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T14:26:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological correlates of variable organ sizes and fat loads in the most northerly-wintering shorebirds","docAbstract":"Shorebirds at northern latitudes during the nonbreeding season typically carry relatively large lipid stores and exhibit an up-regulation of lean tissues associated with digestion and thermogenesis. Intraspecific variation in these tissues across sites primarily reflects differences in environmental conditions. Rock (Calidris ptilocnemis (Coues, 1873)) and Purple (Calidris maritima (Brünnich, 1764)) sandpipers are closely related species having the most northerly nonbreeding distributions among shorebirds, living at latitudes up to 61°N in Cook Inlet, Alaska, and up to 71°N in northern Norway, respectively. Cook Inlet is the coldest known site used by nonbreeding shorebirds, and the region’s mudflats annually experience extensive coverage of foraging sites by sea and shore-fast ice. Accordingly, Rock Sandpipers increase their fat stores to nearly 20% of body mass during winter. In contrast, Purple Sandpipers exploit predictably ice-free rocky intertidal foraging sites and maintain low (<6.5%) fat stores. Rock Sandpipers increase the mass of lean tissues from fall to winter, including contour feathers, stomach, and liver components. They also have greater lean pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscle and liver and kidney tissues compared with Purple Sandpipers in winter. This demonstrates a combined emphasis on digestive processes and thermogenesis, whereas Purple Sandpipers primarily augment organs associated with digestive processes. The high winter fat loads and increased lean tissues of Rock Sandpipers in Cook Inlet reflect the region’s persistent cold and abundant but sporadically unavailable food resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2013-0070","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., Dekinga, A., Gill, R., Summers, R., and Piersma, T., 2013, Ecological correlates of variable organ sizes and fat loads in the most northerly-wintering shorebirds: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 91, no. 10, p. 698-705, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0070.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"705","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-049601","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":278939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278938,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0070"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.54,58.68 ], [ -154.54,61.64 ], [ -148.96,61.64 ], [ -148.96,58.68 ], [ -154.54,58.68 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"91","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc48ce4b0850ea050ce4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":52000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Summers, R.W.","contributorId":70277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70103857,"text":"70103857 - 2013 - A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T09:38:15","indexId":"70103857","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T14:08:10","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS","docAbstract":"The processes of wetting and drying have many important physical and biological impacts on shallow water systems. Inundation and dewatering effects on coastal mud flats and beaches occur on various time scales ranging from storm surge, periodic rise and fall of the tide, to infragravity wave motions. To correctly simulate these physical processes with a numerical model requires the capability of the computational cells to become inundated and dewatered. In this paper, we describe a method for wetting and drying based on an approach consistent with a cell-face blocking algorithm. The method allows water to always flow into any cell, but prevents outflow from a cell when the total depth in that cell is less than a user defined critical value. We describe the method, the implementation into the three-dimensional Regional Oceanographic Modeling System (ROMS), and exhibit the new capability under three scenarios: an analytical expression for shallow water flows, a dam break test case, and a realistic application to part of a wetland area along the Georgia Coast, USA.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Defne, Z., Haas, K., and Arango, H.G., 2013, A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS: Computers & Geosciences, v. 58, p. 54-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-041410","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6207","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286993,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.85,30.6 ], [ -81.85,32.4 ], [ -80.6,32.4 ], [ -80.6,30.6 ], [ -81.85,30.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536ca760e4b060efff280d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Defne, Zafer 0000-0003-4544-4310 zdefne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4310","contributorId":5520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defne","given":"Zafer","email":"zdefne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, Kevin","contributorId":23832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arango, Hernan G.","contributorId":35241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arango","given":"Hernan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70093724,"text":"70093724 - 2013 - Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-12T13:59:28","indexId":"70093724","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment","docAbstract":"Woody encroachment is a globally occurring phenomenon that contributes to the global carbon sink. The magnitude of this contribution needs to be estimated at regional and local scales to address uncertainties present in the global- and continental-scale estimates, and guide regional policy and management in balancing restoration activities, including removal of woody plants, with greenhouse gas mitigation goals. The objective of this study was to estimate carbon stored in various successional phases of woody encroachment. Using lidar measurements of individual trees, we present high-resolution estimates of aboveground carbon storage in juniper woodlands. Segmentation analysis of lidar point cloud data identified a total of 60,628 juniper tree crowns across four watersheds. Tree heights, canopy cover, and density derived from lidar were strongly correlated with field measurements of 2613 juniper stems measured in 85 plots (30 × 30 m). Aboveground total biomass of individual trees was estimated using a regression model with lidar-derived height and crown area as predictors (Adj. R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001, RMSE = 0.58 kg). The predicted mean aboveground woody carbon storage for the study area was 677 g/m2. Uncertainty in carbon storage estimates was examined with a Monte Carlo approach that addressed major error sources. Ranges predicted with uncertainty analysis in the mean, individual tree, aboveground woody C, and associated standard deviation were 0.35 – 143.6 kg and 0.5 – 1.25 kg, respectively. Later successional phases of woody encroachment had, on average, twice the aboveground carbon relative to earlier phases. Woody encroachment might be more successfully managed and balanced with carbon storage goals by identifying priority areas in earlier phases of encroachment where intensive treatments are most effective.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20088","usgsCitation":"Sankey, T., Shrestha, R., Sankey, J.B., Hardgree, S., and Strand, E., 2013, Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. 3, p. 1144-1155, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20088.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1144","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-036687","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282290,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20088"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"South Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0204,42.1646 ], [ -117.0204,43.35 ], [ -115.7938,43.35 ], [ -115.7938,42.1646 ], [ -117.0204,42.1646 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6497e4b0b290850ff8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen","contributorId":97000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrestha, Rupesh","contributorId":65382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Rupesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardgree, Stuart","contributorId":44830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardgree","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strand, Eva","contributorId":82611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strand","given":"Eva","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70095755,"text":"70095755 - 2013 - Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T16:44:56","indexId":"70095755","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:47:51","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts","docAbstract":"Under a changing climate, devising strategies to help stakeholders adapt to alterations to ecosystems and their services is of utmost importance. In western North America, diminished snowpack and river flows are causing relatively gradual, homogeneous (system-wide) changes in ecosystems and services. In addition, increased climate variability is also accelerating the incidence of abrupt and patchy disturbances such as fires, floods and droughts. This paper posits that two key variables often considered in landscape ecology—the rate of change and the degree of patchiness of change—can aid in developing climate change adaptation strategies. We use two examples from the “borderland” region of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In piñon-juniper woodland die-offs that occurred in the southwestern United States during the 2000s, ecosystem services suddenly crashed in some parts of the system while remaining unaffected in other locations. The precise timing and location of die-offs was uncertain. On the other hand, slower, homogeneous change, such as the expected declines in water supply to the Colorado River delta, will likely impact the entire ecosystem, with ecosystem services everywhere in the delta subject to alteration, and all users likely exposed. The rapidity and spatial heterogeneity of faster, patchy climate change exemplified by tree die-off suggests that decision-makers and local stakeholders would be wise to operate under a Rawlsian “veil of ignorance,” and implement adaptation strategies that allow ecosystem service users to equitably share the risk of sudden loss of ecosystem services before actual ecosystem changes occur. On the other hand, in the case of slower, homogeneous, system-wide impacts to ecosystem services as exemplified by the Colorado River delta, adaptation strategies can be implemented after the changes begin, but will require a fundamental rethinking of how ecosystems and services are used and valued. In sum, understanding how the rate of change and degree of patchiness of change will constrain adaptive options is a critical consideration in preparing for climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES13-00118.1","usgsCitation":"López-Hoffman, L., Breshears, D.D., Allen, C.D., and Miller, M.L., 2013, Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts: Ecosphere, v. 4, no. 8, art101;18 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00118.1.","productDescription":"art101;18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-046113","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es13-00118.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.91,25.05 ], [ -117.91,42.16 ], [ -101.69,42.16 ], [ -101.69,25.05 ], [ -117.91,25.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd636ee4b0b290850fecc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":77397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"López-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Marc L.","contributorId":81010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70074337,"text":"70074337 - 2013 - Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T13:36:03","indexId":"70074337","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2372,"text":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales","docAbstract":"Unconventional petroleum resources, particularly in shales, are expected to play an increasingly important role in the world’s energy portfolio in the coming years. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), particularly at low-field, provides important information in the evaluation of shale resources. Most of the low-field NMR analyses performed on shale samples rely heavily on standard T1 and T2 measurements. We present a new approach using solid echoes in the measurement of T1 and T1–T2 correlations that addresses some of the challenges encountered when making NMR measurements on shale samples compared to conventional reservoir rocks. Combining these techniques with standard T1 and T2 measurements provides a more complete assessment of the hydrogen-bearing constituents (e.g., bitumen, kerogen, clay-bound water) in shale samples. These methods are applied to immature and pyrolyzed oil shale samples to examine the solid and highly viscous organic phases present during the petroleum generation process. The solid echo measurements produce additional signal in the oil shale samples compared to the standard methodologies, indicating the presence of components undergoing homonuclear dipolar coupling. The results presented here include the first low-field NMR measurements performed on kerogen as well as detailed NMR analysis of highly viscous thermally generated bitumen present in pyrolyzed oil shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014","usgsCitation":"Washburn, K.E., and Birdwell, J.E., 2013, Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales: Journal of Magnetic Resonance, v. 233, p. 17-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043889","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281640,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014"}],"volume":"233","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a48e4b0b2908510d65b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Washburn, Kathryn E.","contributorId":76644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7152,"text":"Weatherford International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074779,"text":"70074779 - 2013 - Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T16:09:10","indexId":"70074779","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1841,"text":"Global Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000","docAbstract":"Land-cover change in the conterminous United States was quantified by interpreting change from satellite imagery for a sample stratified by 84 ecoregions. Gross and net changes between 11 land-cover classes were estimated for 5 dates of Landsat imagery (1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000). An estimated 673,000 km2(8.6%) of the United States’ land area experienced a change in land cover at least one time during the study period. Forest cover experienced the largest net decline of any class with 97,000 km2 lost between 1973 and 2000. The large decline in forest cover was prominent in the two regions with the highest percent of overall change, the Marine West Coast Forests (24.5% of the region experienced a change in at least one time period) and the Eastern Temperate Forests (11.4% of the region with at least one change). Agriculture declined by approximately 90,000 km2 with the largest annual net loss of 12,000 km2 yr−1 occurring between 1986 and 1992. Developed area increased by 33% and with the rate of conversion to developed accelerating rate over time. The time interval with the highest annual rate of change of 47,000 km2 yr−1 (0.6% per year) was 1986–1992. This national synthesis documents a spatially and temporally dynamic era of land change between 1973 and 2000. These results quantify land change based on a nationally consistent monitoring protocol and contribute fundamental estimates critical to developing understanding of the causes and consequences of land change in the conterminous United States.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., Loveland, T., Auch, R.F., Acevedo, W., Drummond, M.A., Sayler, K., and Stehman, S.V., 2013, Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000: Global Environmental Change, v. 23, no. 4, p. 733-748, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"748","numberOfPages":"16","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-035634","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282026,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd63f3e4b0b290850ff23f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Auch, Roger F. 0000-0002-5382-5044 auch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5044","contributorId":667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auch","given":"Roger","email":"auch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drummond, Mark A. 0000-0001-7420-3503 madrummond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-3503","contributorId":3053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"Mark","email":"madrummond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70048866,"text":"70048866 - 2013 - Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:25:02","indexId":"70048866","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1704,"text":"Frontiers in Public Health","onlineIssn":"2296-2565","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds","docAbstract":"Emergence of avian influenza viruses with high lethality to humans, such as the currently circulating highly pathogenic A(H5N1) (emerged in 1996) and A(H7N9) cause serious concern for the global economic and public health sectors. Understanding the spatial and temporal interface between wild and domestic populations, from which these viruses emerge, is fundamental to taking action. This information, however, is rarely considered in influenza risk models, partly due to a lack of data. We aim to identify areas of high transmission risk between domestic poultry and wild waterfowl in China, the epicenter of both viruses. Two levels of models were developed: one that predicts hotspots of novel virus emergence between domestic and wild birds, and one that incorporates H5N1 risk factors, for which input data exists. Models were produced at 1 and 30 km spatial resolution, and two temporal seasons. Patterns of risk varied between seasons with higher risk in the northeast, central-east, and western regions of China during spring and summer, and in the central and southeastern regions during winter. Monte-Carlo uncertainty analyses indicated varying levels of model confidence, with lowest errors in the densely populated regions of eastern and southern China. Applications and limitations of the models are discussed within.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Public Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Hungerford, L.L., Erwin, R.M., Ottinger, M.A., Takekawa, J.Y., and Ellis, E.C., 2013, Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds: Frontiers in Public Health, v. 1, no. 28, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-049511","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P163QI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial models indicating avian influenza transmission risk at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds in China"},{"id":278983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278982,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.15 ], [ 73.5,53.56 ], [ 134.77,53.56 ], [ 134.77,18.15 ], [ 73.5,18.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e586ce4b02d2057dd95ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hungerford, Laura L.","contributorId":14291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hungerford","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, Mary Ann","contributorId":26422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellis, Erle C.","contributorId":67400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Erle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70114614,"text":"70114614 - 2013 - Food-web dynamics in a large river discontinuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T13:27:30","indexId":"70114614","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:14:50","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food-web dynamics in a large river discontinuum","docAbstract":"

Nearly all ecosystems have been altered by human activities, and most communities are now composed of interacting species that have not co-evolved. These changes may modify species interactions, energy and material flows, and food-web stability. Although structural changes to ecosystems have been widely reported, few studies have linked such changes to dynamic food-web attributes and patterns of energy flow. Moreover, there have been few tests of food-web stability theory in highly disturbed and intensely managed freshwater ecosystems. Such synthetic approaches are needed for predicting the future trajectory of ecosystems, including how they may respond to natural or anthropogenic perturbations.

\n
\n

We constructed flow food webs at six locations along a 386-km segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA) for three years. We characterized food-web structure and production, trophic basis of production, energy efficiencies, and interaction-strength distributions across a spatial gradient of perturbation (i.e., distance from Glen Canyon Dam), as well as before and after an experimental flood. We found strong longitudinal patterns in food-web characteristics that strongly correlated with the spatial position of large tributaries. Above tributaries, food webs were dominated by nonnative New Zealand mudsnails (62% of production) and nonnative rainbow trout (100% of fish production). The simple structure of these food webs led to few dominant energy pathways (diatoms to few invertebrate taxa to rainbow trout), large energy inefficiencies (i.e., <20% of invertebrate production consumed by fishes), and right-skewed interaction-strength distributions, consistent with theoretical instability.

\n
\n

Below large tributaries, invertebrate production declined ∼18-fold, while fish production remained similar to upstream sites and comprised predominately native taxa (80–100% of production). Sites below large tributaries had increasingly reticulate and detritus-based food webs with a higher prevalence of omnivory, as well as interaction strength distributions more typical of theoretically stable food webs (i.e., nearly twofold higher proportion of weak interactions). Consistent with theory, downstream food webs were less responsive to the experimental flood than sites closest to the dam. We show how human-induced shifts to food-web structure can affect energy flow and interaction strengths, and we show that these changes have consequences for food-web function and response to perturbations.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/12-1727.1","usgsCitation":"Cross, W.F., Baxter, C., Rosi-Marshall, E.J., Hall, R., Kennedy, T., Donner, K.C., Kelly, H., Seegert, S.E., Behn, K.E., and Yard, M., 2013, Food-web dynamics in a large river discontinuum: Ecological Monographs, v. 83, no. 3, p. 311-337, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1727.1.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"27","ipdsId":"IP-041379","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1727.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289090,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1727.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.3553,35.2411 ], [ -114.3553,37.7707 ], [ -110.8026,37.7707 ], [ -110.8026,35.2411 ], [ -114.3553,35.2411 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad40efe4b0729c154181c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Wyatt F.","contributorId":70881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Wyatt","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baxter, Colden V.","contributorId":47334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"Colden V.","affiliations":[{"id":13656,"text":"Idaho State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.","contributorId":17722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosi-Marshall","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Robert O. Jr.","contributorId":104182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert O.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donner, Kevin C.","contributorId":105427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelly, Holly A. Wellard","contributorId":26974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Holly A. Wellard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seegert, Sarah E.Z.","contributorId":88272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegert","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Behn, Kathrine E.","contributorId":83839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behn","given":"Kathrine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":8577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70048125,"text":"70048125 - 2013 - On the twenty-first-century wet season projections over the Southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-12T13:14:13","indexId":"70048125","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:02:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3242,"text":"Regional Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the twenty-first-century wet season projections over the Southeastern United States","docAbstract":"This paper reconciles the difference in the projections of the wet season over the Southeastern United States (SEUS) from a global climate model (the Community Climate System Model Version 3 [CCSM3]) and from a regional climate model (the Regional Spectral Model [RSM]) nested in the CCSM3. The CCSM3 projects a dipole in the summer precipitation anomaly: peninsular Florida dries in the future climate, and the remainder of the SEUS region becomes wetter. The RSM forced with CCSM3 projects a universal drying of the SEUS in the late twenty-first century relative to the corresponding twentieth-century summer. The CCSM3 pattern is attributed to the “upped-ante” mechanism, whereby the atmospheric boundary layer moisture required for convection increases in a warm, statically stable global tropical environment. This criterion becomes harder to meet along convective margins, which include peninsular Florida, resulting in its drying. CCSM3 also projects a southwestward expansion of the North Atlantic subtropical high that leads to further stabilizing of the atmosphere above Florida, inhibiting convection. The RSM, because of its high (10-km grid) resolution, simulates diurnal variations in summer rainfall over SEUS reasonably well. The RSM improves upon CCSM3 through the RSM’s depiction of the diurnal variance of precipitation, which according to observations accounts for up to 40 % of total seasonal precipitation variance. In the future climate, the RSM projects a significant reduction in the diurnal variability of convection. The reduction is attributed to large-scale stabilization of the atmosphere in the CCSM3 projections.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional Environmental Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10113-013-0477-8","usgsCitation":"Selman, C., Misra, V., Stefanova, L., Dinapoli, S., and Smith, T.J., 2013, On the twenty-first-century wet season projections over the Southeastern United States: Regional Environmental Change, v. 13, no. suppl. 1, p. 153-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0477-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-038643","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277516,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0477-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Arkansas;Florida;Georgia;Kentucky;Louisiana;Mississippi;Missouri;North Carolina;South Carolina;Tennessee;Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.0,24.0 ], [ -91.0,37.0 ], [ -76.0,37.0 ], [ -76.0,24.0 ], [ -91.0,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"suppl. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5232e262e4b0b7ac626cfa53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selman, Christopher","contributorId":101549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selman","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misra, Vasu","contributorId":89048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"Vasu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stefanova, Lydia","contributorId":48300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefanova","given":"Lydia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinapoli, Steven","contributorId":103958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinapoli","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70074649,"text":"70074649 - 2013 - Geologic occurrences of erionite in the United States: an emerging national public health concern for respiratory disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-14T13:05:24","indexId":"70074649","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T12:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic occurrences of erionite in the United States: an emerging national public health concern for respiratory disease","docAbstract":"Erionite, a mineral series within the zeolite group, is classified as a Group 1 known respiratory carcinogen. This designation resulted from extremely high incidences of mesothelioma discovered in three small villages from the Cappadocia region of Turkey, where the disease was linked to environmental exposures to fibrous forms of erionite. Natural deposits of erionite, including fibrous forms, have been identified in the past in the western United States. Until recently, these occurrences have generally been overlooked as a potential hazard. In the last several years, concerns have emerged regarding the potential for environmental and occupational exposures to erionite in the United States, such as erionite-bearing gravels in western North Dakota mined and used to surface unpaved roads. As a result, there has been much interest in identifying locations and geologic environments across the United States where erionite occurs naturally. A 1996 U.S. Geological Survey report describing erionite occurrences in the United States has been widely cited as a compilation of all US erionite deposits; however, this compilation only focused on one of several geologic environments in which erionite can form. Also, new occurrences of erionite have been identified in recent years. Using a detailed literature survey, this paper updates and expands the erionite occurrences database, provided in a supplemental file (US_erionite.xls). Epidemiology, public health, and natural hazard studies can incorporate this information on known erionite occurrences and their characteristics. By recognizing that only specific geologic settings and formations are hosts to erionite, this knowledge can be used in developing management plans designed to protect the public.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10653-012-9504-9","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., Blitz, T.A., Plumlee, G.S., Meeker, G.P., and Pierson, M.P., 2013, Geologic occurrences of erionite in the United States: an emerging national public health concern for respiratory disease: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 35, no. 4, p. 419-430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-012-9504-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-038199","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-012-9504-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Montana;New Mexico;Nevada;North Dakota;Oregon;South Dakota;Utah;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,31.69 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -100.35,49.0 ], [ -100.35,31.69 ], [ -124.79,31.69 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355946de4b0120853e8bfc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blitz, Thomas A.","contributorId":22678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blitz","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierson, M. Patrick","contributorId":24273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047087,"text":"70047087 - 2013 - The variability of California summertime marine stratus: impacts on surface air temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-07T12:37:49","indexId":"70047087","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The variability of California summertime marine stratus: impacts on surface air temperatures","docAbstract":"This study investigates the variability of clouds, primarily marine stratus clouds, and how they are associated with surface temperature anomalies over California, especially along the coastal margin. We focus on the summer months of June to September when marine stratus are the dominant cloud type. Data used include satellite cloud reflectivity (cloud albedo) measurements, hourly surface observations of cloud cover and air temperature at coastal airports, and observed values of daily surface temperature at stations throughout California and Nevada. Much of the anomalous variability of summer clouds is organized over regional patterns that affect considerable portions of the coast, often extend hundreds of kilometers to the west and southwest over the North Pacific, and are bounded to the east by coastal mountains. The occurrence of marine stratus is positively correlated with both the strength and height of the thermal inversion that caps the marine boundary layer, with inversion base height being a key factor in determining their inland penetration. Cloud cover is strongly associated with surface temperature variations. In general, increased presence of cloud (higher cloud albedo) produces cooler daytime temperatures and warmer nighttime temperatures. Summer daytime temperature fluctuations associated with cloud cover variations typically exceed 1°C. The inversion-cloud albedo-temperature associations that occur at daily timescales are also found at seasonal timescales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrd.50652","usgsCitation":"Iacobellis, S.F., and Cayan, D.R., 2013, The variability of California summertime marine stratus: impacts on surface air temperatures: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 118, no. 16, p. 9105-9122, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50652.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"9105","endPage":"9122","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-049292","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50652","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278923,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50652"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc496e4b0850ea050cece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iacobellis, Sam F.","contributorId":11502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iacobellis","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047340,"text":"70047340 - 2013 - Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:21","indexId":"70047340","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Measured concentrations of environmental tracers in spring discharge from a karst aquifer in the Shenandoah Valley, USA, were used to refine a numerical groundwater flow model. The karst aquifer is folded and faulted carbonate bedrock dominated by diffuse flow along fractures. The numerical model represented bedrock structure and discrete features (fault zones and springs). Concentrations of 3H, 3He, 4He, and CFC-113 in spring discharge were interpreted as binary dilutions of young (0–8 years) water and old (tracer-free) water. Simulated mixtures of groundwater are derived from young water flowing along shallow paths, with the addition of old water flowing along deeper paths through the model domain that discharge to springs along fault zones. The simulated median age of young water discharged from springs (5.7 years) is slightly older than the median age estimated from 3H/3He data (4.4 years). The numerical model predicted a fraction of old water in spring discharge (0.07) that was half that determined by the binary-dilution model using the 3H/3He apparent age and 3H and CFC-113 data (0.14). This difference suggests that faults and lineaments are more numerous or extensive than those mapped and included in the numerical model.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Plummer, N., Kauffman, L.J., Doctor, D.H., Nelms, D.L., and Schlosser, P., 2013, Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1193-1217, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-042757","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275663,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/DOI 10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.33,37.4237 ], [ -80.33,39.6857 ], [ -77.7252,39.6857 ], [ -77.7252,37.4237 ], [ -80.33,37.4237 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb7554e4b04b00e3d78567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155203,"text":"70155203 - 2013 - Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T10:39:18","indexId":"70155203","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","docAbstract":"

Exploration of unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as impermeable shale basins through the use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has changed the energy landscape in the USA providing a vast new energy source. The accelerated production of natural gas has triggered a debate concerning the safety and possible environmental impacts of these operations. This study investigates one of the critical aspects of the environmental effects; the possible degradation of water quality in shallow aquifers overlying producing shale formations. The geochemistry of domestic groundwater wells was investigated in aquifers overlying the Fayetteville Shale in north-central Arkansas, where approximately 4000 wells have been drilled since 2004 to extract unconventional natural gas. Monitoring was performed on 127 drinking water wells and the geochemistry of major ions, trace metals, CH4 gas content and its C isotopes (δ13CCH4), and select isotope tracers (δ11B, 87Sr/86Sr, δ2H, δ18O, δ13CDIC) compared to the composition of flowback-water samples directly from Fayetteville Shale gas wells. Dissolved CH4 was detected in 63% of the drinking-water wells (32 of 51 samples), but only six wells exceeded concentrations of 0.5 mg CH4/L. The δ13CCH4 of dissolved CH4 ranged from −42.3‰ to −74.7‰, with the most negative values characteristic of a biogenic source also associated with the highest observed CH4 concentrations, with a possible minor contribution of trace amounts of thermogenic CH4. The majority of these values are distinct from the reported thermogenic composition of the Fayetteville Shale gas (δ13CCH4 = −35.4‰ to −41.9‰). Based on major element chemistry, four shallow groundwater types were identified: (1) low (<100 mg/L) total dissolved solids (TDS), (2) TDS > 100 mg/L and Ca–HCO3 dominated, (3) TDS > 100 mg/L and Na–HCO3dominated, and (4) slightly saline groundwater with TDS > 100 mg/L and Cl > 20 mg/L with elevated Br/Cl ratios (>0.001). The Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7097–0.7166), C (δ13CDIC = −21.3‰ to −4.7‰), and B (δ11B = 3.9–32.9‰) isotopes clearly reflect water–rock interactions within the aquifer rocks, while the stable O and H isotopic composition mimics the local meteoric water composition. Overall, there was a geochemical gradient from low-mineralized recharge water to more evolved Ca–HCO3, and higher-mineralized Na–HCO3 composition generated by a combination of carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering, and reverse base-exchange reactions. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the bulk shallow groundwater samples were distinct from the Na–Cl type Fayetteville flowback/produced waters (TDS ∼10,000–20,000 mg/L). Yet, the high Br/Cl variations in a small subset of saline shallow groundwater suggest that they were derived from dilution of saline water similar to the brine in the Fayetteville Shale. Nonetheless, no spatial relationship was found between CH4 and salinity occurrences in shallow drinking water wells with proximity to shale-gas drilling sites. The integration of multiple geochemical and isotopic proxies shows no direct evidence of contamination in shallow drinking-water aquifers associated with natural gas extraction from the Fayetteville Shale.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","usgsCitation":"Warner, N., Kresse, T.M., Hays, P.D., Down, A., Karr, J.D., Jackson, R., and Vengosh, A., 2013, Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas: Applied Geochemistry, v. 35, p. 207-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044825","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090aee4b033ef5210429b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Nathaniel R.","contributorId":56129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Nathaniel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresse, Timothy M. 0000-0003-1035-0672 tkresse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-0672","contributorId":2758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"Timothy","email":"tkresse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Down, Adrian","contributorId":96175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Down","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karr, Jonathan D.","contributorId":146281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karr","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, R.B.","contributorId":42174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vengosh, Avner","contributorId":21842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"Avner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047339,"text":"70047339 - 2013 - Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris and Trichechus manatus manatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T14:22:56","indexId":"70047339","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris and Trichechus manatus manatus)","docAbstract":"Limited information is available regarding the role of minerals and heavy metals in the morbidity and mortality of manatees. Whole-blood and serum mineral concentrations were evaluated in apparently healthy, free-ranging Florida (Trichechus manatus latirostris, n = 31) and Belize (Trichechus manatus manatus, n = 14) manatees. Toxicologic statuses of the animals and of their environment had not been previously determined. Mean mineral whole-blood (WB) and serum values in Florida (FL) and Belize (BZ) manatees were determined, and evaluated for differences with respect to geographic location, relative age, and sex. Mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, and WB cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in BZ versus FL manatees (P ≤ 0.05). Mean WB aluminum, calcium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, vanadium, and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in BZ versus FL manatees. Adult manatees had significant and higher mean WB aluminum, manganese, sodium, antimony, vanadium, and serum manganese and zinc concentrations compared to juvenile animals. Significant and lower mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, and serum copper and strontium concentrations were present in adults compared to juveniles (P ≤ 0.05). Females had significant and higher mean WB nickel and serum barium compared to males (P ≤ 0.05). Mean WB arsenic and zinc, and mean serum iron, magnesium, and zinc concentrations fell within toxic ranges reported for domestic species. Results reveal manatee blood mineral concentrations differ with location, age, and sex. Influence from diet, sediment, water, and anthropogenic sources on manatee mineral concentration warrant further investigation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2012-0093R.1","usgsCitation":"Siegal-Willott, J., Harr, K.E., Hall, J.O., Hayek, L.C., Auil-Gomez, N., Powell, J., Bonde, R.K., and Heard, D., 2013, Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris and Trichechus manatus manatus): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 44, no. 2, p. 285-894, https://doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"894","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-037334","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275679,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb754fe4b04b00e3d78563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegal-Willott, J.","contributorId":106831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegal-Willott","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, Kendal E.","contributorId":14114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"Kendal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Jeffery O.","contributorId":51623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayek, Lee-Ann C.","contributorId":16730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayek","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Auil-Gomez, Nicole","contributorId":71463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auil-Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, James A.","contributorId":53514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heard, Darryl","contributorId":84247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"Darryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}