{"pageNumber":"1484","pageRowStart":"37075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70236859,"text":"70236859 - 1985 - On the interpretation of satellite-derived gravity and magnetic data for studies of crustal geology and metallogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T14:44:27.21253","indexId":"70236859","displayToPublicDate":"1985-10-01T09:27:51","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On the interpretation of satellite-derived gravity and magnetic data for studies of crustal geology and metallogenesis","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite-derived global gravity and magnetic maps have been shown to be useful in large-scale studies of the Earth's crust, despite the relative infancy of such studies. Numerous authors have made spatial associations of gravity or magnetic anomalies with geological provinces. Gravimetric interpretations are often made in terms of isostasy, regional variations of density, or of geodesy in general. Interpretations of satellite magnetic anomalies often base assumptions of overall crustal magnetism on concepts of the vertical and horizontal distribution of magnetic susceptibility, then make models of these assumed distributions. The opportunity of improving our satellite gravity and magnetic data through the proposed Geopotential Research Mission should considerably improve the scientific community's ability to analyze and interpret global magnetic and gravity data. As data processing techniques improve, we may expect to see even more useful results of the data.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geopotential Research Mission (GRM): Proceedings of a conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geopotential Research Mission (GRM)","conferenceDate":"Oct 29-31, 1984","conferenceLocation":"College Park, MD","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Hastings, D.A., 1985, On the interpretation of satellite-derived gravity and magnetic data for studies of crustal geology and metallogenesis, <i>in</i> Geopotential Research Mission (GRM): Proceedings of a conference, College Park, MD, Oct 29-31, 1984, p. 110-113.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"113","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860003384","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hastings, David A.","contributorId":138985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":852388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012925,"text":"70012925 - 1985 - Periodic autoregressive-moving average (PARMA) modeling with applications to water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T15:53:37.465442","indexId":"70012925","displayToPublicDate":"1985-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Periodic autoregressive-moving average (PARMA) modeling with applications to water resources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Results involving correlation properties and parameter estimation for autoregressive-moving average models with periodic parameters are presented. A multivariate representation of the PARMA model is used to derive parameter space restrictions and difference equations for the periodic autocorrelations. Close approximation to the likelihood function for Gaussian PARMA processes results in efficient maximum-likelihood estimation procedures. Terms in the Fourier expansion of the parameters are sequentially included, and a selection criterion is given for determining the optimal number of harmonics to be included. Application of the techniques is demonstrated through analysis of a monthly streamflow time series.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00167.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 1985, Periodic autoregressive-moving average (PARMA) modeling with applications to water resources: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 21, no. 5, p. 721-730, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00167.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"730","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7348e4b0c8380cd76f4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012768,"text":"70012768 - 1985 - Detectability of step trends in the rate of atmospheric deposition of sulfate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T16:54:08.09578","indexId":"70012768","displayToPublicDate":"1985-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detectability of step trends in the rate of atmospheric deposition of sulfate","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is presented to assist policy makers in determining the combination of number of sampling stations and number of years of sampling necessary to state with a given probability that a step reduction in atmospheric deposition rates of a given magnitude has occurred at a pre-specified time. This pre-specified time would typically be the time at which a sulfate emission control program took effect, and the given magnitude of reduction is some percentage change in deposition rate one might expect to occur as a result of the emission control. In order to determine this probability of detection, a stochastic model of sulfate deposition rates is developed, based on New York State bulk collection network data. The model considers the effect of variation in precipitation, seasonal variations, serial correlation, and site-to-site (cross) correlation. A nonparametric statistical test which is well suited to detection of step changes in such multi-site data sets is developed. It is related to the Mann-Whitney Rank-Sum test. The test is used in Monte Carlo simulations along with the stochastic model to derive statistical power functions. These power functions describe the probability of detecting (α=0.05) a step trend in deposition rate as a function of the size of the step-trend, record length before and after the step-trend, and the number of stations sampled. The results show that, for an area the size of New York State, very little power is gained by increasing the number of stations beyond about eight. The results allow policy makers to determine the tradeoff between the cost of monitoring and time required to detect a step-trend of a given magnitude with a given probability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00171.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., and Gilroy, E., 1985, Detectability of step trends in the rate of atmospheric deposition of sulfate: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 21, no. 5, p. 773-784, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00171.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"784","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff5ce4b0c8380cd4f144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilroy, E.J.","contributorId":20306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120907,"text":"70120907 - 1985 - Mountain pine beetle damage and contagion modeling: some concepts and approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T12:53:55","indexId":"70120907","displayToPublicDate":"1985-09-01T12:53:24","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Report No. 85-6","title":"Mountain pine beetle damage and contagion modeling: some concepts and approaches","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Pest Management","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Roelle, J.E., and White, W.B., 1985, Mountain pine beetle damage and contagion modeling: some concepts and approaches, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe8e4b0333418718935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, William B.","contributorId":65397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70113421,"text":"70113421 - 1985 - Monitoring the earth: too many players?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T16:20:09","indexId":"70113421","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T16:03:08","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3017,"text":"Pecora 10 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the earth: too many players?","docAbstract":"<p>A number of organizations are currently engaged in, or proposing to embark on, worldwide measurement/monitoring programs.  Program objectives vary in type and complexity, including a form of technical library (the Global Environment Monitoring System of the United Nations Environment Program), and an ambitious experiment to validate algorithms to derive land surface climatological parameters (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Modeling and understanding the Earth as an integrated system is an immense undertaking and will require at least as many measurements as are currently acquired.  Improved coordination is required among the diverse national and international measurement/monitoring programs to ensure that sensors, launch dates, orbits, and supporting research are complementary to the maximum extent possible.  Development of a long-term program of Earth system monitoring/modeling, such as the International Global Change Program proposed by the International Council of Scientific Unions, could provide the necessary focus and structure for effective international coordination and cooperation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Thorley, G.A., 1985, Monitoring the earth: too many players?: Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 457-462.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777ee4b0abf75cf2c153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorley, Gene A.","contributorId":55957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorley","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70113398,"text":"70113398 - 1985 - Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T15:13:27.734632","indexId":"70113398","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T15:30:04","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A Landsat-based vegetation map was prepared for Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent lands, 2 million and 2.5 million acres respectively.  The refuge lies within the middle boreal sub zone of south central Alaska.  Seven major classes and sixteen subclasses were recognized: forest (closed needleleaf, needleleaf woodland, mixed); deciduous scrub (lowland and montane, subalpine); dwarf scrub (dwarf shrub tundra, lichen tundra, dwarf shrub and lichen tundra, dwarf shrub peatland, string bog/wetlands); herbaceous (graminoid meadows and marshes); scarcely vegetated areas ; water (clear, moderately turbid, highly turbid); and glaciers.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The methodology employed a cluster-block technique.  Sample areas were described based on a combination of helicopter-ground survey, aerial photo interpretation, and digital Landsat data.  Major steps in the Landsat analysis involved: preprocessing (geometric connection), spectral class labeling of sample areas, derivation of statistical parameters for spectral classes, preliminary classification of the entree study area using a maximum-likelihood algorithm, and final classification through ancillary information such as digital elevation data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The vegetation map (scale 1:250,000) was a pioneering effort since there were no intermediate-sclae maps of the area.  Representative of distinctive regional patterns, the map was suitable for use in comprehensive conservation planning and wildlife management.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., Shasby, M., and Bailey, T., 1985, Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska, <i>in</i> Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 333-345.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.335508,60.516137 ], [ -151.335508,60.603701 ], [ -151.072172,60.603701 ], [ -151.072172,60.516137 ], [ -151.335508,60.516137 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7759e4b0abf75cf2c10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shasby, M.B.","contributorId":68367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, T.N.","contributorId":99896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222014,"text":"5222014 - 1985 - Dynamics of a black-capped chickadee population, 1958-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:08:00.859627","indexId":"5222014","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T12:18:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of a black-capped chickadee population, 1958-1983","docAbstract":"<p><span>The dynamics of a wintering population of Black—capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) were studied from 1958—1983 using capture—recapture methods. The Jolly—Seber model was used to obtain annual estimates of population size, survival rate, and recruitment. The average estimated population size over this period was °160 birds. The average estimated number of new birds entering the population each year and alive at the time of sampling was °57. The arithmetic mean annual survival rate estimate was °0.59. We tested hypothesis about possible relationships between these population parameters and (1) the natural introduction of Tufted Titmice (Parus bicolor) to the area, (2) the clear—cutting of portions of nearby red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations, and (3) natural variations in winter temperatures. The chickadee population exhibited a substantial short—term decline following titmouse establishment, produced by decreases in both survival rate and number of new recruits. Survival rate decline somewhat after the initiation of the pine clear—cutting, but population size was very similar before and after clear—cutting. Weighted least squares analyses provided no evidence of a relationship between survival rate and either of two winter temperature variables.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939172","usgsCitation":"Loery, G., and Nichols, J., 1985, Dynamics of a black-capped chickadee population, 1958-1983: Ecology, v. 66, no. 4, p. 1195-1203, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939172.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1203","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eeaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loery, G.","contributorId":46182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loery","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186162,"text":"70186162 - 1985 - Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:44:48","indexId":"70186162","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thoreau's Bog is an ombrotrophic floating—mat Sphagnum bog developed in a glacial kettlehole and surrounded by a red maple swamp. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in the porewater of the bog average 36 mg/L and are greatest near the surface, especially during late summer. This distribution suggest that the upper layer of living and dead Sphagnum and moderately humified peat is the major site of dissolved organic material production in the bog. The dissolved organic material consists mainly of aquatic fulvic acid (67%) and hydrophilic acids (20%); these organic acids control the pH (typically 4 or somewhat lower) of the bogwater. The elemental, amino acid, carbohydrate, and carboxylic acid contents of fulvic acid from the bog are similar to those of aquatic fulvic acid from the nearby Shawsheen River, although the phenolic hydroxyl content of fulvic acid from Thoreau's Bog is higher. The hydrophilic acids have greater amino acid, carbohydrate, and carboxylic acid contents than the fulvic acid, consistent with the hypothesis that hydrophilic acids are more labile intermediate compounds in the formation of fulvic acid.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1939187","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Thurman, E.M., Wershaw, R.L., and Hemond, H., 1985, Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts: Ecology, v. 66, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939187.","productDescription":"14 p. ","endPage":"1339","numberOfPages":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Concord ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.37353897094727,\n              42.44537470235299\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.31912231445312,\n              42.44537470235299\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.31912231445312,\n              42.47475584135045\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.37353897094727,\n              42.47475584135045\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.37353897094727,\n              42.44537470235299\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":687719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemond, Herold","contributorId":190186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Herold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171486,"text":"70171486 - 1985 - Application of a ground-water flow digital model in evaluating alternate dewatering systems in the Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T14:34:13","indexId":"70171486","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-17T10:45:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of a ground-water flow digital model in evaluating alternate dewatering systems in the Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Tropical Hydrology and Second Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"May 5-8, 1985","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","issn":"0731-9789","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., and Heriberto Torres-Sierra, 1985, Application of a ground-water flow digital model in evaluating alternate dewatering systems in the Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico, <i>in</i> American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 5-8, 1985, p. 129-134.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500732e4b0ee97d51bb3ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heriberto Torres-Sierra","contributorId":141082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heriberto Torres-Sierra","affiliations":[{"id":12608,"text":"USGS, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70211187,"text":"70211187 - 1985 - Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T18:10:30.180814","indexId":"70211187","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-16T12:24:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","docAbstract":"<p>The rate and depth of pedogenic carbonate accumulation in soils formed in Quaternary alluvium may be viewed as a theoretical problem that involves the mutual interaction of several independent and dependent soil-forming variables. We propose a model for carbonate accumulation in which the soil column is defined by a vertical sequence of 1-cm<sup>2</sup>-area compartments, each with a specified texture, bulk density, water-holding content, lithologic and mineralogic composition, soil-air pCO<sub>2</sub>, ionic strength, and temperature. On the basis of these data, rates of carbonate solubility and dissolution within a given compartment are determined. In arkosic to lithic arkosic sandy parent materials, high carbonate solubility (0.137 to 0.212 mg/ml) and the large reactive surface area of eolian calcareous dust result in rapid carbonate dissolution (0.79 to 9.92 × 10<sup>−10</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>g/cm<sup>2</sup>/sec) that promotes rapid translocation of carbonate by infiltrating water. We derive a group of equations and use them to calculate net carbonate depletion or accumulation in a soil compartment over an interval of time as a function of the independent variables temperature and precipitation. These two variables largely determine or strongly influence soil-water balance, the external carbonate influx rate, and carbonate solubility.</p><p>The carbonate distribution that our model predicts closely resembles the observed carbonate distribution in soils associated with Holocene deposits forming in arid, hyperthermic to xeric, thermic moisture-temperature regimes in southern California. This modeling indicates that with a mean carbonate influx rate of 1 × 10<sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>g/cm<sup>2</sup>/yr and in a semiarid, thermic climate, the maximum depression of the top of the Cca horizon is attained within only a few thousand years. In contrast, given the same influx rate, our model predicts that a noncalcareous B horizon cannot form in an arid, hyperthermic climate, a conclusion supported by field and laboratory studies of calcic soils in this climate.</p><p>The influence of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes on carbonate accumulation can be modeled by calculating latest Pleistocene soil-water balance with the aid of published estimates of full-glacial temperature and precipitation. On the basis of these modeling results, we propose that either of two types of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes may account for the strongly bimodal, apparently polygenetic carbonate distribution that is observed in late Pleistocene soils of the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California. Such results of compartment-strategy modeling are encouraging and indicate the great potential of combined theoretical and empirical methods for considering pedological problems of interest to Quaternary geologists.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE203-p23","usgsCitation":"McFadden, L.D., and Tinsley, J., 1985, Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.: GSA Special Papers, v. 203, p. 23-41, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE203-p23.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFadden, Leslie D.","contributorId":139971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, John jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":140545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222019,"text":"5222019 - 1985 - Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T15:09:35.018943","indexId":"5222019","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3611,"text":"Toxicology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings","docAbstract":"<p>The effects on reproduction in screech owls (<i>Otus asio</i>) of chronic dietary sodium fluoride administration at 0, 40, and 200 ppm were examined. Fluoride at 40 ppm resulted in a significantly smaller egg volume, while 200 ppm also resulted in lower egg weights and lengths. Day-one hatchlings in the 200 ppm group weighed almost 10% less than controls and had shorter crown-rump lengths. No gross abnormalities were apparent. Skeletal clearing and staining revealed significantly shorter tibiotarsus lengths in the 40 ppm and 200 ppm groups and a shorter radius-ulna length in the 200 ppm group. By 7 days of age, body weights and lengths did not differ from controls, but the tibiotarsus in the 200 ppm group remained shorter. No significant differences were detected in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma calcium or alkaline phosphatase. Plasma phosphorus levels were higher in the 40 ppm group than in controls. </p><p>These results, in combination with the findings of Pattee et al. [25], revealed significant impairment of overall reproduction, suggesting that sodium fluoride could cause slight to moderate reproduction disorders in owls in fluoride-polluted areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-4274(85)90179-1","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Pattee, O.H., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1985, Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings: Toxicology Letters, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(85)90179-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6144e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210017,"text":"70210017 - 1985 - Inversion of seismic refraction data in planar dipping structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T20:01:07.158421","indexId":"70210017","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T08:11:02","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inversion of seismic refraction data in planar dipping structure","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">A new method is presented for the direct inversion of seismic refraction data in dipping planar structure. Three recording geometries, each consisting of two common-shot profiles, are considered: reversed, split, and roll-along profiles. Inversion is achieved via slant stacking the common-shot wavefield to obtain a delay time—slowness (tau—<i>p</i>) wavefield. The tau—<i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>curves from two shotpoints describing the critical raypath of refracted and post-critically reflected arrivals are automatically picked using coherency measurements and the two curves are jointly used to calculate velocity and dip of isovelocity lines iteratively, thereby obtaining the final two-dimensional velocity model.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">This procedure has been successfully applied to synthetic seismograms calculated for a dipping structure and to field data from central California. The results indicate that direct inversion of closely-spaced refraction/wide-aperture reflection data can practically be achieved in laterally inhomogeneous structures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1985.tb05129.x","usgsCitation":"Milkereit, B., Mooney, W.D., and Kohler, W., 1985, Inversion of seismic refraction data in planar dipping structure: Geophysical Journal International, v. 82, no. 1, p. 81-103, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1985.tb05129.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1985.tb05129.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milkereit, Bernd","contributorId":62752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milkereit","given":"Bernd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohler, W.M.","contributorId":62999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012716,"text":"70012716 - 1985 - Use of Peltier coolers as soil heat flux transducers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:53:20.248482","indexId":"70012716","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of Peltier coolers as soil heat flux transducers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Peltier coolers were modified and calibrated to serve as soil heat flux transducers. The modification was to fill their interiors with epoxy. The average calibration constant on 21 units was 13.6 ± 0.8 kW m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;V</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;at 20°C. This sensitivity is about eight times that of the two thermopile transducers with which comparisons were made. The temperature coefficients of the Peltier cooler transducers avg −0.034 kW m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;V</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;°C</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, whereas those of the two thermopile transducers were only 25% as large, relative to their calibration constants. The thermal conductivity of the Peltier cooler transducers was 0.4 W m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;°C</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, which is comparable to that of dry soil. The cost of an unmodified Peltier cooler is around 20 dollars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040054x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Weaver, H.L., and Campbell, G.S., 1985, Use of Peltier coolers as soil heat flux transducers: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 49, no. 4, p. 1065-1067, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040054x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1067","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb80e4b08c986b328671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, H. L.","contributorId":58679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, G. S.","contributorId":74795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012191,"text":"70012191 - 1985 - The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T16:00:02.504273","indexId":"70012191","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"<p><span>The modes of occurrence of extractable elements from 21 A and C horizon samples of uncultivated soils were examined using R-mode factor analysis. The extractants (DTPA, EDTA, HCl, hydroquinone, magnesium nitrate, and ammonium oxalate) cover a wide range of chemical attack. Four major elements (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) and eight trace elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in each extractant solution. A variety of chemical, mineralogical, and physical variables were also determined on each sample. Four varimax factors (clay, organic, Fe and Mn oxides, and soluble-Na) accounted for 74.2% of the total variance of the 90 variables for the A horizon. Seven varimax factors (Fe and Mn oxides, clay, CEC, soluble-Na, organic, Fe and Mn, and plagioclase) accounted for 77.2% of the total variance of the 79 variables for the C horizon. A and C horizon extractable trace elements are most generally related to Fe and Mn oxides, as indicated by loadings on the Fe and Mn oxide factor for both the A and C horizons. Each extractant generally operates on different modes of occurrence of an element in soil. For example, substantial differences occur between the HCl-, oxalate-, and hydroquinone-extractable trace elements. However, the modes of occurrence for trace elements removed by DTPA and EDTA were very similar, suggesting strong relationships between elements dissolved by these two extractants. The modes of occurrence for each individual major element are similar with each of the six extractants. A horizon Ca and Mg, and C horizon K and Mg are strongly related to a clay factor. C horizon Ca and A horizon K are strongly related to the CEC and organic factors, respectively. Both A and C horizon extractable Na are very strongly related to the soluble-Na factor. These results suggest that extractable major elements are water-soluble and are associated with the constituents that are responsible for that factor. Consequently, strong relationships should occur for any individual major element dissolved by any pair of extractants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040017x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"McNeal, J., Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1985, The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 49, no. 4, p. 873-881, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040017x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"881","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.020405371633,\n              50.60237281791913\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.020405371633,\n              43.001994343510944\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.19016086453725,\n              43.001994343510944\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.19016086453725,\n              50.60237281791913\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.020405371633,\n              50.60237281791913\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae3ee4b08c986b323f73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNeal, J.M.","contributorId":61817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":362962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70121048,"text":"70121048 - 1985 - The water resources models of the instream flow group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T11:24:15","indexId":"70121048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-10T11:23:16","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"The water resources models of the instream flow group","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Computer applications in water resources: Proceedings of the specialty conference sponsored by the resources planning and management division","conferenceTitle":"Computer applications in water resources","conferenceDate":"1985-06-10T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1985, The water resources models of the instream flow group, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464d0e4b073ff773a7d76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221507,"text":"5221507 - 1985 - Foraging decisions, patch use, and seasonality in egrets (Aves: ciconiiformes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:10:43.608487","indexId":"5221507","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging decisions, patch use, and seasonality in egrets (Aves: ciconiiformes)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Feeding Snowy (Egretta thula) and Great (Casmerodius albus) egrets were observed during two breeding seasons in coastal New Jersey and two brief winter periods in northeast Florida. A number of tests based on assumptions of foraging models, predictions from foraging theory, and earlier empirical tests concerning time allocation and movement in foraging patches was made. Few of the expectations based on foraging theory and/or assumptions were supported by the empirical evidence. Snowy Egrets fed with greater intensity and efficiency during the breeding season (when young were being fed) than during winter. They also showed some tendency to leave patches when their capture rate declined, and they spent more time foraging in patches when other birds were present nearby. Great Egrets, in Contrast, showed few of these tendencies, although they did leave patches when their intercapture intervals increased. Satiation differences had some influence on feeding rates in Snowy Egrets, but only at the end of feeding bouts. Some individuals of both species revisited areas in patches that had recently been exploited, and success rates were usually higher after the second visit. Apparently, for predators of active prey, short—term changes in resource availability (</span><sub>r</sub><span>esource depression</span><sub>)</sub><span>&nbsp;may be more important than resource depletion, a common assumption in most OFT models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940545","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R.M., 1985, Foraging decisions, patch use, and seasonality in egrets (Aves: ciconiiformes): Ecology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 837-844, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940545.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"844","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Staes","state":"Florida, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"coastal New Jersey, Northeast Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              40.538851525354666\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.190673828125,\n              40.43022363450862\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.003662109375,\n              39.12153746241925\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99267578125,\n              38.84826438869913\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.366455078125,\n              39.2492708462234\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.058837890625,\n              39.884450178234395\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.93798828125,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              40.538851525354666\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              30.704058230919504\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.990966796875,\n              30.845647420182598\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              30.581179257386985\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3974609375,\n              29.257648503615542\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.046142578125,\n              29.32472016151103\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              30.704058230919504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171506,"text":"70171506 - 1985 - Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T17:04:43","indexId":"70171506","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waters&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">within</span><span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">north</span><span>&nbsp;coastal&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">limestone</span><span class=\"searchword\">aquifers</span><span>&nbsp;are suitable for public supply, industrial and agricultural uses. For the artesian aquifer and the updip parts of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>table aquifer, calcium and bicarbonate are the dominant ionic species with total dissolved solids and chloride concentrations below 500 and 250 mg/L, respectively. In coastal areas of the</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;table aquifer, where a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone occurs, the calcium bicarbonate facie grade to a sodium-chloride facie.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">Within</span><span>&nbsp;this zone, concentrations of total dissolved solids and chloride are greater than 250 and 500 mg/L respectively, affecting the suitability of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;for some uses. Geochemical models were constructed to determine the physical and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">chemical</span><span>reasons for the prevailing&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">quality</span><span>&nbsp;patterns of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">north</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">coast</span><span class=\"searchword\">limestone</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">aquifers</span><span>. Models indicate that calcite and carbon dioxide dissolution, precipitation or degassing are the primary processes. The mixing of recharge&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;or saltwater with aquifer waters is an important feature within the water table aquifer. The models provide further evidence that support the circulation of groundwater within the north coast limestone.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Tropical Hydrology and 2nd Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"May 5-8, 1985","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","issn":"0731-9789","usgsCitation":"Roman-Mas, A.J., and Lee, R.W., 1985, Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico, <i>in</i> American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 5-8, 1985, p. 57-63.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500784e4b0ee97d51bb831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman-Mas, Angel J.","contributorId":8436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"Angel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012968,"text":"70012968 - 1985 - A model for a seismic computerized alert network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:16:39.338125","indexId":"70012968","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for a seismic computerized alert network","docAbstract":"<p><span>In large earthquakes, damaging ground motions may occur at large epicentral distances. Because of the relatively slow speed of seismic waves, it is possible to construct a system to provide short-term warning (as much as several tens of seconds) of imminent strong ground motions from major earthquakes. Automated safety responses could be triggered by users after receiving estimates of the arrival time and strength of shaking expected at an individual site. Although warning times are likely to be short for areas greatly damaged by relatively numerous earthquakes of moderate size, large areas that experience very strong shaking during great earthquakes would receive longer warning times.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.228.4702.987","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Heaton, T.H., 1985, A model for a seismic computerized alert network: Science, v. 228, no. 4702, p. 987-990, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4702.987.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"987","endPage":"990","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","issue":"4702","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e468e4b0c8380cd4663d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heaton, Thomas H.","contributorId":187505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210235,"text":"70210235 - 1985 - The relocation of microearthquakes in the northern Mississippi Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:42:00.171972","indexId":"70210235","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-22T07:59:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relocation of microearthquakes in the northern Mississippi Embayment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three-component seismograms, recorded by a small array of digital instruments in the northern Mississippi embayment, consistently show a high-amplitude phase on the vertical component that arrives approximately 0.8 s before the shear wave. On the basis of its timing and apparent velocity, this phase is identified as an&nbsp;</span><i>S-P</i><span>&nbsp;conversion from the boundary between the unconsolidated Cenozoic sediments and the underlying Paleozoic rocks. Synthetic models of ground motion in the Mississippi embayment indicate that vertical displacement amplitudes are higher for&nbsp;</span><i>S-P</i><span>&nbsp;conversions than for transmitted shear waves at all angles of incidence. The models and their agreement with observations of the three-component seismograms suggest that true shear waves cannot be reliably identified from vertical component seismograms recorded in this area. The travel times of converted phases are used, together with crustal velocity models derived from a recent seismic refraction survey, to relocate approximately 500 microearthquakes recorded by the Central Mississippi Valley regional seismic network. Since the network data are recorded by vertical component seismographs, we assume that the S phases, observed at the stations sited on unconsolidated sediments, are&nbsp;</span><i>S-P</i><span>&nbsp;conversions. This assumption significantly reduces the average rms residual and provides well-constrained hypocentral locations for 350 earthquakes. The relocated microearthquakes cluster tightly along previously identified epicentral trends. Focal depths range from 0.5 to 22 km, but events deeper than 14 km are rare, and events shallower than 3 km are confined, almost exclusively, to the area between Ridgely, Tennessee, and New Madrid, Missouri. Focal mechanisms are generally consistent with the results of previous studies. The axial seismicity trend, which extends from Caruthersville, Missouri, to Marked Tree, Arkansas, is characterized by right-lateral strike-slip motion on a northeast trending, nearly vertical fault plane. The events between Ridgely, Tennessee, and New Madrid, Missouri, commonly show strike-slip focal mechanisms, with minor components of both normal and reverse dip slip.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB12p10223","usgsCitation":"Andrews, M., Mooney, W.D., and Meyer, R., 1985, The relocation of microearthquakes in the northern Mississippi Embayment: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B12, p. 10223-10236, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB12p10223.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"10223","endPage":"10236","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Mississippi Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.92236328125,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.43994140625,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.43994140625,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.92236328125,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.92236328125,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, M.C.","contributorId":62602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, R.P.","contributorId":39146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210125,"text":"70210125 - 1985 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T18:51:57.49118","indexId":"70210125","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-14T13:38:33","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples dredged from a 15‐m‐high hydrothermal mound atop the flat turbidite pond in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin consist of pyrrhotite‐rich massive sulfide, barite, barite + calcite, talc, and opaline silica as well as substrate material composed of fossiliferous, clay‐rich ooze. An 11‐m‐long sediment core taken near the dredge site shows increasing hydrothermal alteration with depth; anhydrite‐filled fractures near the base of the core appear to be channels for hydrothermal discharge. Oxidation of the sulfide‐rich samples to an assemblage of geothite, lepidocrocite, and amorphous Fe oxyhydroxide is ubiquitous. Compared to other massive sulfide deposits on sediment‐starved oceanic ridges, the hydrothermal deposit dredged in Guaymas Basin has a high pyrrhotite/pyrite ratio, a low Zn sulfide and combined ore metal (Cu + Zn + Pb + Ag + Cd) content, and a greater abundance of sulfate, carbonate, and silicate phases. Venting hydrothermal solutions are alkaline with moderately high&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>H; high Ca, Ba, and SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;content; low ƒS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and ƒo</span><sub>2</sub><span>; and very low transition metal content. Disequilibrium assemblages of pyrrhotite and sulfate minerals form during rapid mixing of this evolved vent fluid with ambient bottom waters at the discharge site. Talc is formed at a temperature near 270°C by mixing or entrainment of Mg‐rich bottom water or pore fluid with upwelling hydrothermal fluid that is saturated with silica. Calcite may precipitate from the alkaline, Ca‐rich fluid during degassing of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The minimum temperature range for sulfide and nonsulfide deposition is approximately 190°–326°C. The composition of hydrothermal deposits, vent solutions, and altered sediment requires that circulating fluids evolve during deep penetration into the basaltic basement complex, further interaction with the organic‐and carbonate‐rich sediment pile, and near‐surface mixing with ambient seawater. Although the stable assemblage albite‐epidote‐clinochlore present at depth in the sediment pile requires very low dissolved Mg and Fe in the altering fluid, the addition of Mg to deeply buried sediment indicates significant recharge of the system by Guaymas Basin bottom water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB08p06695","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., Lonsdale, P.F., Shanks, W.C., Berndt, M., and Howe, S.S., 1985, Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B8, p. 6695-6707, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB08p06695.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6695","endPage":"6707","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.41259765625,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.41259765625,\n              28.323724553546015\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              28.323724553546015\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonsdale, P. F.","contributorId":101258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsdale","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C","contributorId":194073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berndt, M.E.","contributorId":78487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70210054,"text":"70210054 - 1985 - Fluorine in Colorado oil shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T13:02:37.900549","indexId":"70210054","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-12T12:42:28","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fluorine in Colorado oil shale","docAbstract":"<p>Oil shale from the lower part of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, averages 0.13 weight percent fluorine, which is about twice that found in common shales, but is the same as the average amount found in some oil shales from other parts of the world. Some fluorine may reside in fluorapatite; however, limited data suggest that cryolite may be quantitatively more important. Analysis of 913 samples from two core holes that penetrate the lower 375 m of the oil-shale deposits found fluorine to range from 0.001 to 2.2 weight percent; about 90 percent of the samples con tain between 0.001 and 0.20 weight percent fluorine. The analyzed sequence consists of mostly nahcolitebearing dolomitic oil shale, except for the lower 55-75 m, which consists of illitic oil shale. The fluorine content of much of the nahcolitic oil shale is somewhat lower, and much more variable from sample to sample, than that of the underlying illitic oil shale. Vertical profiles of the fluo rine content for the two core holes through the same stratigraphic interval are essentially dissimilar. The abundance of fluorine seems unrelated to shaleoil content, except in the R-5 zone and near the base of nahcolite-bearing oil shale where there is a moderate positive association. Fluorine and phos phorus abundances show mostly little or no assoc iation, and only moderate positive association in some scattered samples.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eighteenth Oil Shale symposium ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Eighteenth Oil Shale symposium ","conferenceDate":"April 22-24,1985","conferenceLocation":"Grand Junction, Colorado","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Dyni, J.R., 1985, Fluorine in Colorado oil shale, <i>in</i> Eighteenth Oil Shale symposium , v. 18, Grand Junction, Colorado, April 22-24,1985, p. 9-20.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.8690185546875,\n              40.03182061333687\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.60009765625,\n              40.03182061333687\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.60009765625,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.8690185546875,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.8690185546875,\n              40.03182061333687\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyni, John R. jdyni@usgs.gov","contributorId":756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"John","email":"jdyni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":788937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209850,"text":"70209850 - 1985 - A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T19:55:38.868523","indexId":"70209850","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-30T14:44:07","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to display more clearly the gravity anomalies caused by bodies of geologic interest in the crust, a new colored isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States has been prepared using the gravity data set compiled for the Gravity Anomaly Map of the United States (SEG, 1982). The isostatic residual map is based on an Airy-Heiskanen model of local compensation, with the surface load requiring compensation being defined by 5-minute topographic and bathymetric data sets. Because topography-related anomalies have been removed to first approximation, the resulting isostatic residual map highlights density contrasts associated with geologic bodies in the crust. For example, the 2000 km-long gravity high that follows the Appalachian orogenic belt is delineated along its entire length without the topographic overprint characteristic of Bouguer maps. For purposes of displaying gravity anomalies caused by shallow bodies of geologic significance, the nature of the isostatic model and the values of its parameters are of lesser importance than the application of an isostatic correction of some sort. Most isostatic models will result in residual maps which appear very similar in their main patterns and features. Anomalies on isostatic residual gravity maps should not be casually interpreted in terms of \"undercompensation\" or \"overcompensation\" because large amplitude anomalies can be produced by crustal bodies in complete local isostatic equilibrium.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"55th Annual International SEG Meeting","conferenceDate":"October 6-10, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"SEG","doi":"10.1190/1.1892727","usgsCitation":"Simpson, R.W., Jachens, R.C., Saltus, R.W., and Blakely, R.J., 1985, A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States, 55th Annual International SEG Meeting, v. 4, no. 1, Washington, DC, October 6-10, 1985, p. 197-198, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892727.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120882,"text":"70120882 - 1985 - Population dynamics of Yellowstone grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-25T12:59:31","indexId":"70120882","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T11:11:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of Yellowstone grizzly bears","docAbstract":"<p>Data on the population of grizzly bears in the environs of Yellowstone National Park suggest that the population has not recovered from the reductions following closure of garbage dumps in 1970 and 1971, and may continue to decline. A computer simulation model indicates that the risk of extirpation over the next 30 yr is small, if the present population parameters continue to prevail. A review and further analysis of the available data brings out the importance of enhancing adult female survival if the population is to recover, and assesses various research needs. In particular, a reliable index of population trend is needed to augment available data on the population.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brooklyn Botanic Garden","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.2307/1940382","usgsCitation":"Knight, R.R., and Eberhardt, L., 1985, Population dynamics of Yellowstone grizzly bears: Ecology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 323-334, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940382.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292407,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940382"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25feae4b0333418718945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Richard R.","contributorId":68660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberhardt, L.L.","contributorId":72313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222031,"text":"5222031 - 1985 - Density-production characteristics of box-nesting wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:00:14.379389","indexId":"5222031","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density-production characteristics of box-nesting wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment","docAbstract":"<p>Nesting wood ducks (<i>Aix sponsa</i>) were studied for 7 years (1973-79) following placement of nest boxes within a 250-ha experimental greentree impoundment located at the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge in central New York. Wood ducks filled available nesting space in the 3rd year of the study. As nesting space became saturated, density strife was reflected in dump nesting, nest desertion, and reduced hatchability. By the 5th year of study, nesting interference had reduced nesting efficiency to 22%. Discontinued flooding of the impoundment during the last 2 years of the study reduced the density of breeding pairs and restored nesting efficiency to 50 and 60%, respectively. Egg pecking by northern flickers (<i>Colaptes auratus</i>) increased as the study progressed and contributed to nest desertion. Dump nesting contributed efficiently to production under low density breeding conditions and permitted greater use of nest sites with a moderate but progressive decline in nesting efficiency as the population expanded. Total nest starts correlated negatively with nesting efficiency (r = -0.75, P &lt; 0.05) and positively with the number of dump nests (r = +0.96, P&lt; 0.01), number of deserted dump nests (r = +0.77, P&lt; 0.05), and number of ducklings left in nest boxes (r = +0.77, P &lt; 0.05). Mark-recapture estimates of day-old duckling production showed a sharp increase in production from tree cavities from 1973 to 1974, a probable result of a rapidly expanding nesting population and removal of raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) from the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801547","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., and Thompson, D., 1985, Density-production characteristics of box-nesting wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 429-436, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801547.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.83024898400049,\n              43.03566932645634\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83024898400049,\n              42.955003247362725\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72566203353658,\n              42.955003247362725\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72566203353658,\n              43.03566932645634\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83024898400049,\n              43.03566932645634\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66eb20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, D.Q.","contributorId":50991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012848,"text":"70012848 - 1985 - Storm-induced response of a nearshore-bar system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T15:36:22.39189","indexId":"70012848","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm-induced response of a nearshore-bar system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A nearshore-bar system was surveyed periodically through a storm and the following recovery period. The data showed a very rapid response of morphology to changing wave conditions and allowed various models on bar formation to be tested.</span></p><p><span>Under low-energy conditions prior to the storm a small bar was surveyed 13 m offshore. Both the high reflectivity of the beach and the cross-shore distance to the bar are consistent with a model of sediment convergence at the node or antinode of a standing wave of incident period. Such a small-scale bar may be a common feature on beaches with steep foreshores and more gentle offshore slopes.</span></p><p><span>With the increase in wave height during the storm, the bar became better developed and migrated offshore at rates up to 2.2 m h<sup>−1</sup>. The bar maintained its form in that the ratio of trough depth to crest depth (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>t</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>c</mtext></mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">h<sub>t</sub>h<sub>c</sub></span></span></span>) remained roughly constant. The bar was in no way related to processes which would cause the convergence of sediment in the breaker zone; through most of the storm the bar-crest distance offshore was typically only 10% of the surf-zone width. Analysis of the bar distance offshore in terms of a standing wave motion showed that the causative wave period must have been much longer than that of incident waves, probably on the order of a minute. Surf-zone wave data showed significant energy in the infragravity band at these periods although no definite link has been made.</span></p><p><span>After the height of the storm, the bar had a crescentic morphology. The development of this morphology occurred very rapidly with parts of the bar migrating onshore at rates up to 1.2 m h<sup>−1</sup>. In contrast to the storm, during the recovery period&nbsp;<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>t</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>c</mtext></mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">h<sub>t</sub>h<sub>c</sub></span></span></span>&nbsp;varied by nearly a factor of three. Analysis of the offshore and longshore length scales showed the bar to be similar to one which would be generated by a standing mode 1 edge wave of period on the order of one minute.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90107-0","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A.H., Holman, R.A., and Birkemeier, W., 1985, Storm-induced response of a nearshore-bar system: Marine Geology, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 237-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90107-0.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9880e4b08c986b31c06e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H Jr.","contributorId":21091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, Robert A.","contributorId":37896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":364665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birkemeier, W.A.","contributorId":8997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkemeier","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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