{"pageNumber":"1486","pageRowStart":"37125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41025,"records":[{"id":70012687,"text":"70012687 - 1985 - Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf: Influence of regional tectonics, fluctuating sea levels, and glacial sediment sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T16:42:35.227148","indexId":"70012687","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf: Influence of regional tectonics, fluctuating sea levels, and glacial sediment sources","docAbstract":"<p>The offshore stratigraphy of the Quaternary Gubik Formation of Arctic Alaska has been studied on high-resolution seismic profiles with a maximum sub-seafloor penetration of about 100 m. In general, marine transgressive subunits of the Gubik Formation are wedge-shaped on the shelf, thickening slightly seaward to the shelf break, beyond which they are offset by landslides and slumps. Beneath the eastern third of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf, active folding has created two persistent structural depressions, the Eastern and Western Wedge Terranes, in which the wedge morphology is especially well developed. The youngest transgressive marine wedge, which was deposited in such a way as to fill these depressions, leaving a generally flat present-day shelf surface, is inferred to be late Wisconsin or younger in age because it overlies a prominent disconformity interpreted to have been formed during the late Wisconsin glacial sea-level minimum. The thickness of this youngest wedge, Unit A, locally exceeds 40 m on the outer shelf, yet apparently relict gravel deposits collected from its seabed surface indicate that the depositional rate is presently quite low on the middle and outer shelf. Lithologies of the gravels are exotic to Alaska, but similar to suites exposed in the Canadian Arctic Islands. These observations suggest a depositional scenario in which the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet shed sediment-laden icebergs from the Canadian Arctic Islands into the Arctic Ocean following the late Wisconsin glacial maximum. These bergs were then rafted westward by the Beaufort Gyre and grounded on the Alaskan shelf by northeasterly prevailing winds. Especially large numbers of bergs accumulated in the wedge terrane embayments-created as sea level rose-and melted there, filling the embayments with their sedimentary cargo. As glacial retreat slowed, depositional rates on the shelf dwindled. </p><p>This mode of deposition in the Alaskan Beaufort wedge terranes may be typical of early post-glacial transgressive phases throughout Quaternary time. It has resulted in the preservation of disconformities that apparently formed during glacioeustatic lowstands, and whose seaward termination depths, appropriately corrected, may yield estimates of lowstand magnitudes. Knowledge of global sea-level fluctuations back through the Sangamon Interglacial (oxygen isotope stage 5e) and possible correlations with dated onshore deposits have facilitated a tentative correlation of major disconformities in the Beaufort Sea record with major 18O enrichment maxima in the oxygen isotope curve back through stage 8. In this tentative scheme, close similarities between the two data sets occur both in magnitudes and in numbers of fluctuations intervening between major correlation points. Further testing of the Quaternary depositional model suggested here and of the resulting sea level curve awaits the collection and dating of core samples from the Beaufort wedge terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(85)90010-1","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Dinter, D.A., 1985, Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf: Influence of regional tectonics, fluctuating sea levels, and glacial sediment sources: Tectonophysics, v. 114, no. 1-4, p. 133-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90010-1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"161","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.46539412646445,\n              71.61325942564287\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.46539412646445,\n              69.23521971003117\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.92461926584397,\n              69.23521971003117\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.92461926584397,\n              71.61325942564287\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.46539412646445,\n              71.61325942564287\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92d8e4b0c8380cd80aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinter, David A.","contributorId":104010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinter","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1842,"text":"wsp2254 - 1985 - Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T08:26:03","indexId":"wsp2254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2254","title":"Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water","docAbstract":"<p>The chemical composition of natural water is derived from many different sources of solutes, including gases and aerosols from the atmosphere, weathering and erosion of rocks and soil, solution or precipitation reactions occurring below the land surface, and cultural effects resulting from human activities. Broad interrelationships among these processes and their effects can be discerned by application of principles of chemical thermodynamics. Some of the processes of solution or precipitation of minerals can be closely evaluated by means of principles of chemical equilibrium, including the law of mass action and the Nernst equation. Other processes are irreversible and require consideration of reaction mechanisms and rates. The chemical composition of the crustal rocks of the Earth and the composition of the ocean and the atmosphere are significant in evaluating sources of solutes in natural freshwater.</p>\n<p>The ways in which solutes are taken up or precipitated and the amounts present in solution are influenced by many environmental factors, especially climate, structure and position of rock strata, and biochemical effects associated with life cycles of plants and animals, both microscopic and macroscopic. Taken together and in application with the further influence of the general circulation of all water in the hydrologic cycle, the chemical principles and environmental factors form a basis for the developing science of natural-water chemistry.</p>\n<p>Fundamental data used in the determination of water quality are obtained by the chemical analysis of water samples in the laboratory or onsite sensing of chemical properties in the field. Sampling is complicated by changes in the composition of moving water and by the effects of particulate suspended material. Some constituents are unstable and require onsite determination or sample preservation. Most of the constituents determined are reported in gravimetric units, usually milligrams per liter or milliequivalents per liter.</p>\n<p>More than 60 constituents and properties are included in water analyses frequently enough to provide a basis for consideration of the sources from which each is generally derived, the most probable forms of elements and ions in solution, solubilitycontrols, expected concentration ranges, and other chemical factors. Mechanisms that control concentrations of elements commonly present in amounts less than a few tens of micrograms per liter cannot always be easily ascertained, but present information suggests that many are controlled by solubility of their hydroxides or carbonates or by sorption on solid particles. Many dissolved organic compounds can now be specifically determined.</p>\n<p>Chemical analyses may be grouped and statistically evaluated by means, medians, frequency distributions, or ion correlations to summarize large volumes of data. Graphing of analyses or of groups of analyses aids in showing chemical relationships among water, probable sources of solutes, areal water-quality regimen, temporal and spatial variation, and water-resources evaluation. Graphs may show water type based on chemical composition, relationships among ions, or groups of ions in individual waters or many waters considered simultaneously. The relationships of water quality to hydrogeologic characteristics, such as stream discharge rate or ground-water flow patterns, can be shown by mathematical equations, graphs, and maps.</p>\n<p>About 80 water analyses selected from the literature are tabulated to illustrate the relationships described, and some of these, along with many others that are not tabulated, are also used in demonstrating graphing and mapping techniques.</p>\n<p>Relationships of water composition to source rock type are illustrated by graphs of some of the tabulated analyses. Human activities may modify water composition extensively through direct effects of pollution and indirect results of water development, such as intrusion of seawater in groundwater aquifers.</p>\n<p>Water-quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use have been published by various agencies. Irrigation project requirements for water quality are particularly intricate.</p>\n<p>Fundamental knowledge of processes that control natural-water composition is required for rational management of water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2254","usgsCitation":"Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2254, Document: xii, 263 p.; 4 Plates: 17.4 x 18.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2254.","productDescription":"Document: xii, 263 p.; 4 Plates: 17.4 x 18.5 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wsp2254.JPG"},{"id":326296,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-2a.pdf","text":"Plate 2-A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326297,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-2b.pdf","text":"Plate 2-B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326298,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326299,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2254/pdf/wsp2254a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2254","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"3rd ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12295,"text":"ofr85487 - 1985 - Short-term velocity measurements at Columbia Glacier, Alaska:  August-September 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T19:43:47.337756","indexId":"ofr85487","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-487","title":"Short-term velocity measurements at Columbia Glacier, Alaska:  August-September 1984","docAbstract":"Ice velocity data are presented for the lower reach of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. The data span a 29 day period and contain 1,072 angle sightings from two survey stations to 22 markers placed on the ice surface, and 1,621 laser measurements of the distance to one of those markers (number 11) from another station. These short-interval observations were made to investigate the dynamics of the glacier and to provide input to models for estimation of future retreat and iceberg discharge. The mean ice velocity (at marker number 11) was approximately 9 m/day and ranged from 8 to &lt; 15 m/day. The data set includes a well defined 2-day, 50% velocity increase and a clear pattern of velocity fluctuations of about 5% with approximately diurnal and semiurnal periods. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85487","usgsCitation":"Vaughn, B.H., Raymond, C.F., Rasmussen, L.A., Miller, D.S., Michaelson, C.A., Meier, M.F., Krimmel, R.M., Fountain, A.G., Dunlap, W.W., and Brown, C.S., 1985, Short-term velocity measurements at Columbia Glacier, Alaska:  August-September 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-487, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85487.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":40517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0487/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392870,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75813.htm"},{"id":143700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0487/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.2552490234375,\n              61.119366155705585\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.700439453125,\n              61.119366155705585\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.700439453125,\n              61.40723633876356\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.2552490234375,\n              61.40723633876356\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.2552490234375,\n              61.119366155705585\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d4e4b07f02db5dd776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaughn, B. H.","contributorId":63806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, C. F.","contributorId":75539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, Lowell A.","contributorId":36930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, D. S.","contributorId":64260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michaelson, C. A.","contributorId":50900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, M. F.","contributorId":98713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krimmel, R. M.","contributorId":81093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dunlap, W. W.","contributorId":24788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, C. S.","contributorId":80675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":12374,"text":"ofr85346 - 1985 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas; fiscal years 1982-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-12T13:45:36","indexId":"ofr85346","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-346","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas; fiscal years 1982-84","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1879, to provide a permanent Federal agency to conduct the systematic and scientific classification of the public lands, and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of national domain. An integral part of that original mission includes publishing and disseminating the earth-science information needed to understand, to plan the use of, and to manage the Nation's energy, land, mineral, and water resources.</p>\n<p>Since 1879, the research and fact-finding role of the USGS has grown and been modified to meet the changing needs of the Nation it serves. As part of that evolution, the USGS has become the Federal Government's largest earth-science research agency, the Nation's largest civilian mapmaking agency, the primary source of data on the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources, and the employer of the largest number of professional earth scientists. Today's programs serve a diversity of needs and users. Programs include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conducting detailed assessments of the energy and mineral potential of the Nation's land and offshore areas.</li>\n<li>Investigating and issuing warnings of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and other geologic and hydrologic hazards.</li>\n<li>Conducting research on the geologic structure of the Nation.</li>\n<li>Studying the geologic features, structure, processes, and history of the other planets of our solar system.</li>\n<li>Conducting topographic surveys of the Nation and preparing topographic and thematic maps and related cartographic products.</li>\n<li>Developing and producing digital cartographic data bases and products.</li>\n<li>Collecting data on a routine basis to determine the quantity, quality, and use of surface and ground water.</li>\n<li>Conducting water-resources appraisals in order to describe the consequences of alternative plans for developing land and water resources.</li>\n<li>Conducting research in hydraulics and hydrology and coordinating all Federal water-data acquisition.</li>\n<li>Using remotely sensed data to develop new cartographic, geologic, and hydrologic research techniques for natural resources planning and management.</li>\n<li>Providing earth-science information through an extensive publications program and a network of public access points.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Along with its continuing commitment to meet the growing and changing earthscience information needs of the Nation, the USGS remains dedicated to its original mission to collect, analyze, interpret, publish, and disseminate information about the natural resources of the Nation providing \"earth science in the public service.\"</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr85346","usgsCitation":"Grozier, R., and Land, L.F., 1985, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas; fiscal years 1982-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-346, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85346.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0346/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0346/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grozier, R.U.","contributorId":105704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grozier","given":"R.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, L. F.","contributorId":17253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12404,"text":"ofr8598 - 1985 - Proceedings of the advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12404,"text":"ofr8598 - 1985 - Proceedings of the advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado","indexId":"ofr8598","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Proceedings of the advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4217,"text":"cir953 - 1987 - Proceedings of the Advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado","indexId":"cir953","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Proceedings of the Advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4217,"text":"cir953 - 1987 - Proceedings of the Advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado","indexId":"cir953","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Proceedings of the Advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T18:23:46","indexId":"ofr8598","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-98","title":"Proceedings of the advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado","docAbstract":"On August 15-19, 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey 's Water Resources Division sponsored an advanced seminar on sedimentation at the National Training Center in Lakewood, Colorado. Topics discussed were modeling, mud, and debris flows, transport, sediment chemistry, channel morphology, instrumentation, and bed load. This circular presents summaries of 28 presentations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8598","usgsCitation":"1985, Proceedings of the advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-98, vii, 69 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8598.","productDescription":"vii, 69 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0098/report.pdf","size":"3316","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db6548f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Glysson, George D. gglysson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"George","email":"gglysson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":745679,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29294,"text":"wri854248 - 1985 - Digital model for simulating steady-state ground-water and heat flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri854248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4248","title":"Digital model for simulating steady-state ground-water and heat flow","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854248","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., 1985, Digital model for simulating steady-state ground-water and heat flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4248, iv, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854248.","productDescription":"iv, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58137,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29018,"text":"wri844247 - 1985 - Estimation of selected flow and water-quality characteristics of Alaskan streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri844247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4247","title":"Estimation of selected flow and water-quality characteristics of Alaskan streams","docAbstract":"Although hydrologic data are either sparse or nonexistent for large areas of Alaska, the drainage area, area of lakes, glacier and forest cover, and average precipitation in a hydrologic basin of interest can be measured or estimated from existing maps. Application of multiple linear regression techniques indicates that statistically significant correlations exist between properties of basins determined from maps and measured streamflow characteristics. This suggests that corresponding characteristics of ungaged basins can be estimated. Streamflow frequency characteristics can be estimated from regional equations developed for southeast, south-central and Yukon regions. Statewide or modified regional equations must be used, however, for the southwest, northwest, and Arctic Slope regions where there is a paucity of data. Equations developed from basin characteristics are given to estimate suspended-sediment values for glacial streams and, with less reliability, for nonglacial streams. Equations developed from available specific conductance data are given to estimate concentrations of major dissolved inorganic constituents. Suggestions are made for expanding the existing data base and thus improving the ability to estimate hydrologic characteristics for Alaskan streams. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844247","usgsCitation":"Parks, B., and Madison, R.J., 1985, Estimation of selected flow and water-quality characteristics of Alaskan streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4247, v, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844247.","productDescription":"v, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57883,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, Bruce","contributorId":87542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madison, R. J.","contributorId":84734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12097,"text":"ofr85683 - 1985 - Ground-water quality data from the northern Mississippi embayment; Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:35","indexId":"ofr85683","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-683","title":"Ground-water quality data from the northern Mississippi embayment; Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality data were collected from 42 selected wells in the McNairy-Nacatoch-Ripley and the lower Wilcox aquifers of the northern Mississippi embayment. The study is part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer System Analysis (GC RASA) study; the data will be used for geochemical modeling of mineral saturation and mass transfer in the McNairy-Nacatoch-Ripley aquifer. The report contains two figures showing the location of sampling sites for each of the two aquifers, six tables of data which contain (1) well descriptions and (2) concentrations of major constituents, trace constituents, dissolved gases, stable and unstable isotopes of low mass (C, H, O, and S), and unstable isotopes of high mass (Rn, Ra, and U), and a brief documentation of the methods used for sample collection and analysis. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85683","usgsCitation":"Brahana, J., Mesko, T.O., Busby, J., and Kraemer, T.F., 1985, Ground-water quality data from the northern Mississippi embayment; Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-683, iii, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85683.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":977,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr85-683","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":144759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesko, T. O.","contributorId":83934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busby, J.F.","contributorId":105300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26460,"text":"wri854168 - 1985 - Documentation of a Regional Aquifer Simulation Model, RAQSIM, and a description of support programs applied in the Twin Platte-Middle Republican Study Area, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T20:42:18.57282","indexId":"wri854168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4168","title":"Documentation of a Regional Aquifer Simulation Model, RAQSIM, and a description of support programs applied in the Twin Platte-Middle Republican Study Area, Nebraska","docAbstract":"RAQSIM, a generalized flow model of a groundwater system using finite-element methods, is documented to explain how it works and to demonstrate that it gives valid results. Three support programs that are used to compute recharge and discharge data required as input to RAQSIM are described. RAQSIM was developed to solve transient, two-dimensional, regional groundwater flow problems with isotropic or anisotropic conductance. The model can also simulate radially-symmetric flow to a well and steady-state flow. The mathematical basis, program structure, data input and output procedures, organization of data sets, and program features and options of RAQSIM are discussed. An example , containing listings of data and results and illustrating RAQSIM 's capabilities, is discussed in detail. Two test problems also are discussed comparing RAQSIM 's results with analytical procedures. The first support program described, the PET Program, uses solar radiation and other climatic data in the Jensen-Haise method to compute potential evapotranspiration. The second support program, the Soil-Water Program, uses output from the PET Program, soil characteristics, and the ratio of potential to actual evapotranspiration for each crop to compute infiltration, storage, and removal of water from the soil zone. The third program, the Recharge-Discharge Program, uses output from the Soil-Water Program together with other data to compute recharge and discharge from the groundwater flow system. For each support program, a program listing and examples of the data and results for the Twin Platte-Middle Republican study are provided. In addition, a brief discussion on how each program operates and on procedures for running and modifying these programs are presented. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854168","usgsCitation":"Cady, R.E., and Peckenpaugh, J.M., 1985, Documentation of a Regional Aquifer Simulation Model, RAQSIM, and a description of support programs applied in the Twin Platte-Middle Republican Study Area, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4168, vi, 239 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854168.","productDescription":"vi, 239 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395180,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49205.htm"},{"id":55280,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4168/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Twin Platte - Middle Republican study area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              40.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.6667,\n              40.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.6667,\n              41.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              41.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              40.1333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6363da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, R. E.","contributorId":103324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peckenpaugh, J. M.","contributorId":69559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenpaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29885,"text":"wri854336 - 1985 - Ground-water flow and solute transport in the Equus beds area, south-central Kansas, 1940-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri854336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4336","title":"Ground-water flow and solute transport in the Equus beds area, south-central Kansas, 1940-79","docAbstract":"Water levels have declined about 30 ft from 1940 to 1980 in part of the Equus beds aquifer in south-central Kansas where the city of Wichita operates a well field. A three-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater flow model was developed to: (1) Reproduce hydrologic conditions in the flow system between the Equus beds aquifer and the underlying Wellington aquifer from 1940 to 1980, and (2) simulate the effect that future withdrawals could have on water supply in the Equus beds aquifer and on relationships between water levels in the Equus beds aquifer and the Wellington aquifer from 1980 to 2020. The model favorably reproduced both measured water levels and streamflow gains in the Equus beds aquifer for 1971 and 1980, and measured water levels in the Wellington aquifer. The flow model then was used to simulate the effects of five pumping alternatives based on rates of withdrawal by wells from 1971-79. For the first alternative, withdrawal rates were decreased by one-half. Projected saturated thickness in the aquifer and streamflow gain were the greatest among the five alternatives. For the second alternative, withdrawal rates for 1971-79 were continued. Compared to results from the first alternative, saturated thickness was projected to decline from 10 to 40 ft in some areas, and streamflow gains were maintained for the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers. A two-dimensional, finite-difference, solute-transport model was developed to: (1) Reproduce the movement of chloride ion in part of the Equus beds aquifer, including the Wichita municipal well field, from 1940 to 1980, and (2) simulate the effect that future withdrawal rates could have on the concentration of chloride ion from 1980 to 2020. Sources of the chloride ion were oilfield brine disposed from 1932-43 that is moving toward the well field and water in the Arkansas River. Each simulation projected an increase in the concentration of chloride ion in the Wichita well field. The projections indicated that a continuous 1,000 mg/L source of chloride ion in streamflow losses from the Arkansas River had a greater effect on increasing chloride-ion concentrations in the Wichita well field than did the movement of residual oilfield brine. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854336","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J., Gillespie, J.B., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Ground-water flow and solute transport in the Equus beds area, south-central Kansas, 1940-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4336, x, 68 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854336.","productDescription":"x, 68 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4336/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58693,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4336/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58694,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4336/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, J. M.","contributorId":32574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillespie, James B.","contributorId":72809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26454,"text":"wri834209 - 1985 - Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York; part 2: Development and application of southwest Suffolk County model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T21:27:58.632054","indexId":"wri834209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4209","title":"Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York; part 2: Development and application of southwest Suffolk County model","docAbstract":"By 1990, sanitary sewers in Nassau County Sewage Disposal Districts 2 and 3 and Suffolk County Southwest Sewer District will discharge to the ocean 140 cu ft of water/sec that would otherwise be returned to the groundwater system through septic tanks and similar systems. To evaluate the effects of this loss on groundwater levels and streamflow, the U.S. Geological Survey developed a groundwater flow model that couples a fine-scale subregional model to a regional model of larger scale. The regional model generates flux boundary conditions for the subregional model, and the subregional model provides detail in the area of concern. Results indicate that the water table will decline by as much as 8 ft along the Suffolk-Nassau county line, with effects decreasing eastward. Base flow is predicted to decrease by as much as 73% in a stream along the county line, but this effect will decrease to zero just east of the sewered area. This report is one of a series describing the predicted hydrologic effects of sewers in southern Nassau and southwest Suffolk Counties. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834209","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H., and Reilly, T.E., 1985, Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York; part 2: Development and application of southwest Suffolk County model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4209, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834209.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393884,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35852.htm"},{"id":55275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4209/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County, Suffolk County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.43742370605467,\n              40.69001034095325\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.06388854980469,\n              40.69001034095325\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.06388854980469,\n              40.84030757074791\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.43742370605467,\n              40.84030757074791\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.43742370605467,\n              40.69001034095325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29303,"text":"wri844223 - 1985 - Trap efficiency of a sediment-control pond below a block-cut coal mine in Fayette County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T08:17:43","indexId":"wri844223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4223","title":"Trap efficiency of a sediment-control pond below a block-cut coal mine in Fayette County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey determined the efficiency of a pond constructed to control sediment from a surface coal mine site by measuring runoff and sediment loads at the inlet to and discharge from the pond during storms. The pond is below a 17.9-acre block-cut coal mine in Fayette County, Pennsylvania and has a permanent pool capacity of 60,000 cu ft. The capacity at the principal spillway and the emergency spillway are 128,900 and 175,500 cu ft, respectively. The pond is equipped with a 3-inch flow control valve, used by the mine operator to regulate the pond stage between the permanent pool and the principal spillway. Data were collected during five moderate storms when the 3-inch control valve was intentionally opened. The ration between the quantity of water in the pond at the start of the storm and the quantity to runoff to the pond was calculated for each storm. The ratios were 3.6, 2.5, 8.6, 2.9, and 1.5 for the five storms. The measured trap efficiencies were 98.1, 92.8, 99.6, 99.1, and 98.2%, for the five storms. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844223","usgsCitation":"Reed, L., DiLissio, L., and Stump, D., 1985, Trap efficiency of a sediment-control pond below a block-cut coal mine in Fayette County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4223, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844223.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58151,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4223/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiLissio, L.E.","contributorId":52224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLissio","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stump, D.E.","contributorId":38194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stump","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29760,"text":"wri854299 - 1985 - Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-09T12:04:16","indexId":"wri854299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4299","title":"Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>A digital model of two-dimensional groundwater flow was used to estimate the hydraulic properties of the Edwards Aquifer in a 151 sq mi area near Austin, Texas. The transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and specific yield were estimated for the part of the aquifer that discharges at Barton Springs in Austin. The aquifer is composed of the Edwards and overlying Georgetown Limestones of Cretaceous age and ranges in thickness from about 100 ft to about 450 ft.</p>\n<p>More than 60 years of discharge measurements and 5 years of gaged discharge for Barton Springs were used to adjust springflow for the simulations. Barton Springs accounts for about 96% of springflow from the study area and 90% of the total discharge. The remaining discharge was pumpage from wells which was entered in the model. Four years of gaged recharge were used in the simulations. The potentiometric surfaces used by the models were constructed from water level measurements in as many as 75 wells.</p>\n<p>The transmissivity was calibrated through steady-state simulations that used the mean value of recharge and mean potentiometric surface to represent average conditions for the aquifer. The transmissivities vary from about 100 sq ft/day in the western part of the aquifer to &gt; 1 million sq ft/day near Barton Springs. Specific yield was calibrated through transient-state simulations for 5 consecutive months using time-dependent data for recharge, discharge, and water levels. The mean specific yield for the aquifer is 0.014 and ranges from 0.008 to 0.064. Additional aquifer properties used in the simulations include storage coefficient, altitudes of the base and top of the aquifer, and hydraulic conductivity.</p>\n<p>A simulation for the year 2000 using projected pumping rates for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic supplies indicates that the aquifer would be dewatered in the southwestern part of the study area and have large declines in the southeastern part of the study area. Another simulation of projected conditions using potential recharge enhancement predicts a rise in the potentiometric surface of about 50 feet in the southwestern part of the aquifer and moderate water-level declines in the southeastern part of the aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854299","usgsCitation":"Slade, R.M., Ruiz, L., and Slagle, D., 1985, Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4299, vii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854299.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4299/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz, Linda","contributorId":96308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slagle, Diana","contributorId":7743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"Diana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29953,"text":"wri854047 - 1985 - Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri854047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4047","title":"Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure","docAbstract":"Two versions of a computer program to compute total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure are presented. The FORTRAN 77 language version is for use on the PRIME computer, and the BASIC language version is for use on most microcomputers. The program contains built-in limitations and input-output options that closely follow the original modified Einstein procedure. Program documentation and listings of both versions of the program are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854047","usgsCitation":"Stevens, H., 1985, Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4047, 77 p.  :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854047.","productDescription":"77 p.  :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, H.H.","contributorId":90347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":234,"text":"wsp2270 - 1985 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10347,"text":"ofr84811 - 1984 - Preliminary modeling of an aquifer thermal-energy storage system","indexId":"ofr84811","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary modeling of an aquifer thermal-energy storage system"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":234,"text":"wsp2270 - 1985 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","indexId":"wsp2270","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":20720,"text":"ofr8466 - 1984 - Low-level radioactive ground-water contamination from a cold scrap recovery operation, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island","indexId":"ofr8466","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Low-level radioactive ground-water contamination from a cold scrap recovery operation, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":234,"text":"wsp2270 - 1985 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","indexId":"wsp2270","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T19:16:56.430592","indexId":"wsp2270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2270","title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","docAbstract":"The University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey are studying the feasibility of storing water at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius in the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer. The Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage project has a doublet-well design with a well spacing of approximately 250 meters. One well will be used for cool-water supply, and, the other, for hot-water injection. The U.S. Geological Survey is constructing a model of ground-water flow and thermal-energy transport to aid in determining the efficiency of the Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage system. A preliminary model of radial flow and thermal-energy transport was constructed, based on hydraulic and thermal properties of the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer determined in previous studies. \r\n\r\nThe model was used to investigate the sensitivity of model results to various hydraulic and thermal properties and to study the potential for buoyancy flow within the aquifer and the effect of various cyclic injection-withdrawal schemes on the relative thermal efficiency of the aquifer. \r\n\r\nSensitivity analysis was performed assuming 8 days of injection of 150-degree-Celsius water at 18.9 liters per second, 8 days of storage, and 8 days of withdrawal of hot water at 18.9 liters per second. The analysis indicates that, for practical ranges of hydraulic and thermal properties, rock-heat capacity is the least important property and thermal dispersivity is the most important property used to compute temperature and aquifer thermal efficiency. \r\n\r\nThe amount of buoyancy flow was examined for several values of hydraulic conductivity and ratios of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivities. For the assumed base values of hydraulic and thermal properties, buoyancy flow was negligible. The greatest simulated buoyancy flow resulted from simulations in which horizontal hydraulic conductivity was increased to 10 times the base value, and the vertical hydraulic conductivity was set equal to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity. \r\n\r\nThe effects of various injection-withdrawal rates and durations on computed values of aquifer relative thermal efficiency and final well-bore temperature were studied for five 1-year hypothetical test cycles of injection and withdrawal. The least efficient scheme was 8 months injection of 150-degree-Celsius water and 4 months of withdrawal of hot water at 18.9 liters per second. The most efficient scheme was obtained with 6 months of injection of 150-degree-Celsius water at 18.9 liters per second and 6 months of withdrawal of hot water at 37.8 liters per second. The hypothetical simulations indicate that the subsequent calibrated model of the doublet-well system will be a valuable tool in determining the most efficient system operation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2270","usgsCitation":"1985, Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2270, v, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2270.","productDescription":"v, 119 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25565.htm","text":"Low-level radioactive ground-water contamination from a cold-scrap recovery operation, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25565"},{"id":402884,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25453.htm","text":"Three-dimensional simulation of free-surface aquifers by finite-element method","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25453"},{"id":424718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25517.htm","text":"An electromagnetic method for delineating ground-water contamination, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25517"},{"id":24844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e4e4b07f02db4bb4a5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Subitzky, Seymour","contributorId":99111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subitzky","given":"Seymour","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":893052,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1818,"text":"wsp2206 - 1985 - Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48536,"text":"ofr801022 - 1980 - Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","indexId":"ofr801022","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1818,"text":"wsp2206 - 1985 - Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","indexId":"wsp2206","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2206","title":"Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","docAbstract":"An aquifer test was designed and conducted in the anisotropic dipping beds of the Tesuque Formation on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico. The three-dimensional digital model used to analyze the test approximated the response to the test. The analysis of the geohydrology of the test site in combination with the model calibration has provided estimates of average aquifer characteristics for the group of beds penetrated at the test site; the hydraulic conductivity parallel to the beds is about 2 feet per day, the hydraulic conductivity normal to the beds is about 0.0001 foot per day or lower, the specific yield is about 0.15, and the specific storage is about 2 x 10 -6 per foot.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2206","usgsCitation":"Hearne, G.A., 1985, Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2206, iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2206.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27014,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64859a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearne, Glenn A.","contributorId":50882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27356,"text":"wri844268 - 1985 - Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4268","title":"Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, digital, cross-sectional model was used to simulate seepage of water from an alluvial channel, which had the general characteristic of the Rio Grande channel, into the underlying alluvium within the reach from Cochiti Dam to Elephant Butte Reservoir. Seepage rates were determined for losing and gaining reaches, and reaches affected by pumping of ground water. The seepage rates were computed for stream surcharges (height of additional water applied on top of base flow) ranging from 0.5 foot to 3 feet and for application periods ranging from 1 to 100 days. The net seepage rates, which were nearly identical for each type of reach, ranged from 0.0 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 0.5 foot surcharge applied for 1 day to 0.37 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 3 feet surcharge applied for 100 days, followed by a 180 day seepage return flow from the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844268","usgsCitation":"Gold, R., 1985, Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4268, v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844268.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, R.L.","contributorId":97918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25820,"text":"wri844330 - 1985 - Water quality and streamflow data for the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T23:02:29.862557","indexId":"wri844330","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4330","title":"Water quality and streamflow data for the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas","docAbstract":"Water-quality data were collected on a 13.6-mile reach of the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas to test a dynamic Lagrangian model. Flow was steady. Loads of dissolved constituents varied with time at the beginning of the study reach and in the reach, primarily because of photosynthesis. River quality was fairly good despite low dissolved oxygen measured in the headwaters and the significant sewage load from the tributaries. Diel and longitudinal trends were defined by sampling at fixed sites and by following dyed parcels of water. Nitrification, deoxygenation, reaeration, and photosynthesis affected the dissolved oxygen balance. Independent estimates of some of the rate coefficients were 0.1 to 0.2, 0.8, and 0 to 3.6 , all per day, for deoxygenation, nitrification, and reaeration, respectively. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844330","usgsCitation":"McCutcheon, S.C., 1985, Water quality and streamflow data for the West Fork Trinity River in Fort Worth, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4330, ix, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844330.","productDescription":"ix, 101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392127,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36168.htm"},{"id":54571,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4330/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4330/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.32032775878906,\n              32.7428148750609\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.17269897460938,\n              32.7428148750609\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.17269897460938,\n              32.7907379828099\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.32032775878906,\n              32.7907379828099\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.32032775878906,\n              32.7428148750609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db6130ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCutcheon, S. C.","contributorId":44190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCutcheon","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6492,"text":"pp1346 - 1985 - Stratigraphy and characteristic mollusks of the Pamunkey Group (Lower Tertiary) and the Old Church Formation of the Chesapeake Group— Virginia coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T20:36:38.163122","indexId":"pp1346","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1346","title":"Stratigraphy and characteristic mollusks of the Pamunkey Group (Lower Tertiary) and the Old Church Formation of the Chesapeake Group— Virginia coastal plain","docAbstract":"Along the Pamunkey River and its tributaries can be found a very complete, well-preserved, Tertiary stratigraphic record that reflects the sea-level changes as well as the local tectonic history of the central Virginia Coastal Plain. Using this record, I have described the lower Tertiary units and proposed a sequential model for their occurrence. Sediments examined in this study range in age from early Paleocene to latest Oligocene or earliest Miocene. Upper Tertiary units are described where they occur in the same sections with the lower Tertiary beds. The Brightseat Formation (lower Paleocene), Aquia Formation (upper Paleocene), Marlboro Clay (upper Paleocene), Nanjemoy Formation (lower Eocene), Piney Point Formation (middle Eocene) and Old Church Formation (new unit, upper Oligocene and lower Miocene) were studied. The definitions of the Piscataway and Paspotansa Members of the Aquia are amended, and a lectostratotype (principal reference section) is designated for those units as well as the Aquia on the Potomac River just below the mouth of Aquia Creek. A lectostratotype section is also designated for the Nanjemoy and its two members, the Potapaco and the Woodstock. That section is on the Potomac above Popes Creek. Beds assigned to the Piney Point and Old Church Formations, previously known only in the subsurface, crop out extensively on the Pamunkey River. A hypostratotype (reference section) is selected for the Piney Point Formation on the Pamunkey River at Horseshoe. The Old Church Formation (named herein) is included in the Chesapeake Group. Areal extent of the stratigraphic units was determined by correlation of outcropping beds on the Pamunkey, Patuxent, Potomac, Rappahannock, Mattaponi, Chickahominy, and James Rivers supplemented by well data. Comparisons of the onlap histories of the Salisbury, Albemarle, and Charleston Embayments indicate a number of simultaneous transgressive events implying global sea-level rises. More restricted transgressions appear to be the result of local downwarping.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1346","usgsCitation":"Ward, L.W., 1985, Stratigraphy and characteristic mollusks of the Pamunkey Group (Lower Tertiary) and the Old Church Formation of the Chesapeake Group— Virginia coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1346, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1346.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389992,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74276.htm"},{"id":33942,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1346/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1346/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.618408203125,\n              36.9806150652861\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3934326171875,\n              36.9806150652861\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3934326171875,\n              38.591113776147445\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.618408203125,\n              38.591113776147445\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.618408203125,\n              36.9806150652861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Lauck W.","contributorId":44145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Lauck","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28285,"text":"wri854277 - 1985 - Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:13:28","indexId":"wri854277","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4277","title":"Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>New Jersey is the most densely populated and one of the most industrialized states in the United States. An abundance of freshwater and proximity to major northeastern metropolitan centers has facilitated this development. Pumpage of freshwater from all aquifers in the State in 1980 was 730 million gallons per day (2.76 million cubic meters per day).</p><p>Management and efficient development of the ground-water resources of the State are the responsibility of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Laws have been enacted and updated by the State legislature to manage water allocation and to control the disposal of hazardous wastes. Present resource management is guided by the New Jersey Water-Supply Master Plan of 1981. Funding for management activities is partially derived from the sale of state-approved bonds.</p><p>Effective planning and regional management require accurate and up-to-date hydrologic information and analyses. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Geological Survey, is conducting three intensive ground-water studies involving the collection and interpretation of hydrologic data to meet the urgent water-management needs of New Jersey. These studies are part of a long-term cooperative program and are funded through the Water-Supply Bond Act of 1981. They began in 1983 and are scheduled to be completed in 1988.</p><p>The project areas are situated in the New Jersey part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in and near Atlantic City, Camden, and South River. They range in size from 400 to 1,200 mil (1,040 to 3,120 km2). The studies are designed to define the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the local ground-water systems. The results of these studies will enable the State to address more effectively major problems in these areas such as declining water levels, overpumping, saltwater intrusion, and ground-water contamination resulting from the improper disposal of hazardous wastes.</p><p>Specific objectives of these studies by the U.S. Geological Survey are to (1) develop an accurate and up-to-date hydrogeologic data base, (2) design and implement a data-collection program and establish a computerized information&nbsp;management system, (3) refine the conceptualization of the ground-water flow system, and (4) define the geochemistry of the aquifer system by conducting a water-quality appraisal. The objectives are accomplished by standard hydrogeologic methods. Information concerning hydrogeologic framework, ground-water levels, water use, hydraulic characteristics, and water quality in the study areas is compiled from all available sources. Additional data needed are collected through well inventories, surface geophysical surveys, water-quality samplings, water-level measurements, and a well-drilling program.</p><p>Interpretation of the flow system is based on the use of standard analytical techniques and digital flow modeling. Calibrated flow models will provide ground-water managers with a mechanism to develop and test regional water-supply strategies.</p><p>Definition of the geochemistry of the aquifer system is accomplished through a variety of methods which depend on the problems and available data in the particular study area. The approach includes statistical analysis of water-quality data, reaction-path modeling, and determination of the movement of chemical constituents using analytical and numerical modeling techniques.</p><p>A combined staff of 25 to 30 professionals and technicians from the New Jersey District office of the U.S. Geological Survey is committed to the three studies. The staff has specialists in geohydrology, numerical modeling, geochemistry, geophysics, and computer science. The findings of these studies will be published in data reports, interpretive reports, instructional manuals and journal articles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854277","usgsCitation":"Leahy, P.P., 1985, Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4277, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854277.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4277/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Patrick","contributorId":80648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leahy","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29727,"text":"wri854054 - 1985 - Impact on the Columbia River of an outburst of Spirit Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-31T16:18:27","indexId":"wri854054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4054","title":"Impact on the Columbia River of an outburst of Spirit Lake","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional sediment-transport computer model was used to study the effects of an outburst of Spirit Lake on the Columbia River. According to the model, flood sediment discharge to the Columbia from the Cowlitz would form a blockage to a height of 44 feet above the current streambed of the Columbia River, corresponding to a new streambed elevation of -3 feet, that would impound the waters of the Columbia River. For an average flow of 233,000 cubic feet in that river, water surface elevations would continue to increase for 16 days after the blockage had been formed. The river elevation at the Trojan nuclear power plant, 5 miles upstream of the Cowlitz River, would rise to 32 feet, compared to a critical elevation of 45 feet, above which the plant would be flooded. For comparison, the Columbia River at average flow without the blockage has an elevation at this location of 6 feet. Correspondingly high water surface elevations would occur along the river to Bonneville Dam , with that at Portland, Oregon, for example, rising also to 32 feet, compared to 10 feet without the blockage. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri854054","usgsCitation":"Sikonia, W., 1985, Impact on the Columbia River of an outburst of Spirit Lake: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4054, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854054.","productDescription":"60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58536,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sikonia, W. G.","contributorId":23946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikonia","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27138,"text":"wri844187 - 1985 - Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T22:26:03.691324","indexId":"wri844187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4187","title":"Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83","docAbstract":"The Cottonwood Creek study area in the Redding basin, California , contains a network of wells established to provide baseline information on ground-water levels and quality prior to the completion of two proposed dams, one on Cottonwood Creek and one on South Fork Cottonwood Creek. Analysis of monthly ground-water levels from September 1982 through September 1983 shows lowest water levels in autumn and highest in spring. The ground-water surface slopes east and has a mound at Anderson-Cottonwood Irrigation District Canal near the town of Cottonwood. Future studies here could provide additional information needed for subsequent modeling studies. Data are insufficient upstream from the damsites, specifically in areas of future impoundment where the monitoring network could be expanded. Comparison of ground-water quality samples collected from periods of lowest and highest water levels showed little chemical variation. Ground water is good to excellent with respect to recommended drinking-water standards. Ground-water types north of Cottonwood Creek are sodium magnesium or magnesium sodium bicarbonate and south of Cottonwood Creek are calcium magnesium or magnesium calcium bicarbonate. Surface-water samples from Cottonwood and South Fork Cottonwood Creeks indicate water chemically similar to ground water south of Cottonwood Creek. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844187","usgsCitation":"Fogelman, R.P., and Evenson, K.D., 1985, Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4187, Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 35.97 x 26.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844187.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 35.97 x 26.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56011,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56009,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56010,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411206,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36051.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County, Tehama County","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.617,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.617,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogelman, R. P.","contributorId":96688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, K. D.","contributorId":85978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25977,"text":"wri844013 - 1985 - Rainfall-runoff relationships and water-quality assessment of Coon Creek watershed, Anoka County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:48:31","indexId":"wri844013","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4013","title":"Rainfall-runoff relationships and water-quality assessment of Coon Creek watershed, Anoka County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Rainfall-runoff relationships and results of water-quality analyses were studied to develop an understanding of flooding problems and to assess present and potential water-quality problems in the 96.9-square-mile Coon Creek watershed, Anoka County, Minnesota. Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data were collected from March 1979 to November 1980 at five continuously recording streamflow sites, seven crest-stage sites, and three continuously recording rainfall sites. During the study, eight storms occurred with sufficient rainfall to produce measurable runoff at most of the gages in the basin. The resulting hydrographs show, as expected, higher unit peaks, shorter times to peak, and shorter durations of high flows in streams draining urban areas than in streams draining rural areas. Constrictive culverts and bridges at roadways resulted in attenuation of hydrograph peaks in urban areas. Runoff amounts were nearly the same in all the subareas for storms with uniformly distributed rainfall. The greatest recorded rainfall during this study was 3.95 inches on August 7, 1980. The basin-weighted rainfall for that date was 3.56 inches, which resulted in the greatest observed peak flow for Coon Creek at Coon Rapids Boulevard of 185 cubic feet per second.</p>\n<p>The eight storms produced eight hydrographs suitable for model simulation of Sand Creek, seven hydrographs for simulation of Coon Creek, and four hydrographs for simulation'of County Ditch 58. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-1, Flood Hydrograph Package computer model was used with the parameteroptimization routine to develop parameter values to closely match observed hydrographs. A multiple-linear-regression technique was used to develop linear equations for relating HEC-1 parameters to variations in rainfall and antecedent moisture. Tftiis procedure resulted in generalized models of the three principal subareas that reasonably simulated 10 of the 19 observed hydrographs.</p>\n<p>Water-quality characteristics were determined based on 14 water samples from 4 sites and 1 bottom-mate rial sample from each site. Results of the analyses indicated that streams draining urban areas carry the highest concentrations of most constituents sampled. Sand Creek at Xeon Boulevard, which drains the most urbanized area, had the highest mean concentration of metals, chloride, dissolved solids, and suspended sediment. Concentrations of total phosphorus ranged from 0.04 to 0.43 milligram per liter at the rural sites on County Ditch 58 at Andover Boulevard and Coon Creek at Raddison Road. Average phosphorus concentrations at the rural sites are comparable to concentrations at the urban sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri844013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coon Creek Watershed Board","usgsCitation":"Arntson, A., and Tornes, L., 1985, Rainfall-runoff relationships and water-quality assessment of Coon Creek watershed, Anoka County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4013, iv, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844013.","productDescription":"iv, 97 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54731,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Anoka County","otherGeospatial":"Coon Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.1289,45.4153],[-93.0186,45.4131],[-93.0188,45.2984],[-93.0207,45.1258],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2814,45.0374],[-93.2807,45.0498],[-93.2814,45.0539],[-93.2826,45.0584],[-93.2826,45.063],[-93.282,45.0666],[-93.282,45.0689],[-93.2813,45.0717],[-93.2794,45.0753],[-93.2781,45.0794],[-93.2787,45.0835],[-93.28,45.0867],[-93.28,45.0913],[-93.2799,45.0959],[-93.2786,45.1],[-93.2786,45.1036],[-93.2793,45.1064],[-93.2812,45.1077],[-93.2863,45.1119],[-93.2915,45.1155],[-93.2934,45.1187],[-93.2947,45.1215],[-93.296,45.1251],[-93.296,45.1274],[-93.296,45.1297],[-93.2985,45.1329],[-93.3011,45.1356],[-93.3024,45.1388],[-93.3056,45.1416],[-93.3076,45.1429],[-93.3127,45.1448],[-93.3179,45.1466],[-93.3211,45.1484],[-93.3257,45.1512],[-93.3302,45.1539],[-93.3328,45.1544],[-93.3347,45.1549],[-93.3373,45.1558],[-93.3399,45.1576],[-93.3431,45.1599],[-93.3463,45.1626],[-93.3495,45.1663],[-93.3528,45.1699],[-93.3553,45.1727],[-93.3579,45.1745],[-93.3618,45.1759],[-93.3663,45.1768],[-93.3709,45.1777],[-93.3767,45.1805],[-93.3812,45.1832],[-93.3838,45.1855],[-93.3864,45.1878],[-93.3889,45.1892],[-93.3928,45.1914],[-93.3967,45.1933],[-93.4025,45.1956],[-93.4084,45.1965],[-93.4116,45.1983],[-93.4142,45.2001],[-93.4161,45.2038],[-93.418,45.2088],[-93.4193,45.2116],[-93.4226,45.2134],[-93.4252,45.2152],[-93.4264,45.2157],[-93.4297,45.2161],[-93.4362,45.217],[-93.4426,45.2166],[-93.4472,45.2161],[-93.4517,45.2157],[-93.4543,45.2175],[-93.4575,45.2203],[-93.4614,45.2234],[-93.4653,45.2257],[-93.4698,45.2257],[-93.4763,45.2253],[-93.4821,45.2248],[-93.4847,45.2257],[-93.4879,45.2271],[-93.4912,45.2289],[-93.4964,45.2344],[-93.5022,45.239],[-93.5035,45.2399],[-93.5073,45.2417],[-93.5113,45.2431],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5093,45.4163]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Anoka\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arntson, A.D.","contributorId":100026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arntson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tornes, L. H.","contributorId":103675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornes","given":"L. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59988,"text":"mf1755A - 1985 - Mineral resource potential maps of the Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area and the Fremont Gorge Study Area, Garfield and Wayne counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T14:05:30","indexId":"mf1755A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1755","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resource potential maps of the Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area and the Fremont Gorge Study Area, Garfield and Wayne counties, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Field and laboratory investigations of the Fiddler Butte WSA (Wilderness Study Area) in Garfield County,&nbsp;Utah, and of the Fremont Gorge study area in Wayne County, Utah, were made to determine the mineral resource&nbsp;potential of these lands. The investigations indicate that two areas in the northeastern and southwestern parts of&nbsp;the Fiddler Butte WSA have a moderate potential for uranium resources. The entire Fiddler Butte WSA has a&nbsp;moderate potential for petroleum resources, and the northeastern part of the WSA has a high potential for tar&nbsp;sand resources. The studies indicate a low potential for metallic and nonmetallic resources in the Fiddler Butte&nbsp;WSA. The Fremont Gorge study area has a low potential for metallic, nonmetallic, and petroleum resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1755A","usgsCitation":"Larson, M.J., Dubiel, R.F., Peterson, F., Willson, W.R., and Briggs, J.P., 1985, Mineral resource potential maps of the Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area and the Fremont Gorge Study Area, Garfield and Wayne counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1755, Report: 8 p.; Plate: 34.26 x 28.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1755A.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; Plate: 34.26 x 28.64 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1755A.jpg"},{"id":310529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1755-A/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310530,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1755-A/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Garfield County, Wayne County","otherGeospatial":"Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area, Fremont Gorge Study Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.5,38 ], [ -110.5,38.083333333333336 ], [ -110.33333333333333,38.083333333333336 ], [ -110.33333333333333,38 ], [ -110.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63583c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, M. J.","contributorId":103342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubiel, R. F. 0000-0002-1280-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":41820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Fred fpeterson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Fred","email":"fpeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":262942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willson, W. R.","contributorId":18358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briggs, J. P.","contributorId":83920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":27432,"text":"wri854182 - 1985 - Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T14:55:58","indexId":"wri854182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4182","title":"Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This study is an investigation of the continued availability of freshwater in the Evangeline aquifer along the Texas Gulf Coast and the potential for degradation of the water quality by salinewater intrusion. Recharge to the aquifer occurs by the infiltration of precipitation in the outcrop area and by cross-formational flow from deeper aquifers. The predevelopment recharge rate is about 6 to 8 cubic feet per second. The predevelopment flow is toward the coast. The flow is semiconfined in the outcrop area and confined underneath the Chicot aquifer in the eastern two-thirds of the study area. Discharge, under natural conditions, is upward into the Chicot aquifer and to the Nueces River or Gulf of Mexico. Intensive pumping by irrigators, industries, and municipalities over the last 80 years has created a cone of depression as deep as 219 feet below sea level under the city of Kingsville in Kleberg County. The total rate of pumpage in 1982 was 29.6 cubic feet per second.</p>\n<p>A mathematical model of the flow and water quality in the Evangel ine aquifer was developed using available data to simulate the historical effect of pumping on the potentiometric surface and water quality, and to simulate the effect of projected pumping on the potentiometric surface and water quality to the year 2020. The water quality in the aquifer is only marginally suitable for drinking water. The chloride concentration before development in the 1930's and 1940's, ranged from 9 to 1,971 milligrams per liter. The mean chloride concentration was 353 (standard deviation 262) milligrams per liter. The potential sources of water-quality degradation on a regional scale are: Salinewater intrusion from under the Gulf of Mexico; movement of poor quality water within outlying sections of the aquifer; and downward leakage from the overlying Chicot aquifer. Leakage from the Chicot is the most likely to cause serious regional water-quality degradation. Other local potential sources of contamination are: Leaky well casings, oil-field brine disposal, water movement along faults, and in-situ uranium mining. These sources might create some local water-quality degradation. The results of the historical period simulation indicate, as do current field data, that little or no significant deterioration has occurred in the water quality of the Evangeline aquifer.</p>\n<p>The simulations and the sensitivity tests of the aquifer properties, conditions, and assumptions indicate that vertical conductivity of the Chicot aquifer is the most sensitive and least well known part of the system. The storage coefficient of the Evangeline aquifer and the aggregate thickness of high-conductivity sand layers within the aquifer as well as the vertical distribution of these layers are also important properties that are not well known.</p>\n<p>Two simulations of the projected pumping a low estimate, as much as 46.2 cubic feet per second during 2011-20; and a high estimate, as much as 60.0 cubic feet per second during the same period indicate that no further regional water-quality deterioration is likely to occur. Many important properties and conditions are estimated from poor or insufficient field data, and possible ranges of these properties and conditions are tested. In spite of the errors and data deficiencies, the results are based on the best estimates currently available. The reliability of the conclusions rests on the adequacy of the data and the demonstrated sensitivity of the model results to errors in estimates of these properties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854182","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., 1985, Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4182, Report: vi, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 14.88 x 11.13 inches and 23.72 x 13.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854182.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 14.88 x 11.13 inches and 23.72 x 13.99 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56293,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56294,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Corpus Christi","otherGeospatial":"Evangeline Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              26.917171977972313\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              27.928900753321876\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.19879150390625,\n              27.928900753321876\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20428466796875,\n              26.909824671240692\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              26.917171977972313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f35b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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