Reliable knowledge of the status and trend of carnivore populations is critical to their conservation and management. Methods for monitoring carnivores, however, are challenging to conduct across large spatial scales. In the Northern Rocky Mountains, wildlife managers need a time- and cost-efficient method for monitoring gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP) conducts annual telephone surveys of >50,000 deer and elk hunters. We explored how survey data on hunters' sightings of wolves could be used to estimate the occupancy and distribution of wolf packs and predict their abundance in Montana for 2007–2009. We assessed model utility by comparing our predictions to MFWP minimum known number of wolf packs. We minimized false positive detections by identifying a patch as occupied if 2–25 wolves were detected by ≥3 hunters. Overall, estimates of the occupancy and distribution of wolf packs were generally consistent with known distributions. Our predictions of the total area occupied increased from 2007 to 2009 and predicted numbers of wolf packs were approximately 1.34–1.46 times the MFWP minimum counts for each year of the survey. Our results indicate that multi-season occupancy models based on public sightings can be used to monitor populations and changes in the spatial distribution of territorial carnivores across large areas where alternative methods may be limited by personnel, time, accessibility, and budget constraints.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.562","usgsCitation":"Rich, L.N., Russell, R.E., Glenn, E., Mitchell, M.S., Gude, J., Podruzny, K.M., Sime, C.A., Laudon, K., Ausband, D., and Nichols, J., 2013, Estimating occupancy and predicting numbers of gray wolf packs in Montana using hunter surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 77, no. 6, p. 1280-1289, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.562.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1280","endPage":"1289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028210","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,44.36 ], [ -116.05,49.0 ], [ -104.04,49.0 ], [ -104.04,44.36 ], [ -116.05,44.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"77","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d257e4b0cecbe8fa9814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rich, Lindsey N.","contributorId":42119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":96568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Elizabeth M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gude, Justin A.","contributorId":95780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"Justin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Podruzny, Kevin M.","contributorId":85865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sime, Carolyn A.","contributorId":76627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sime","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Laudon, Kent","contributorId":16298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laudon","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ausband, David E.","contributorId":51441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70042037,"text":"70042037 - 2013 - Water supply, demand, and quality indicators for assessing the spatial distribution of water resource vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-26T10:21:55","indexId":"70042037","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":921,"text":"Atmosphere - Ocean","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water supply, demand, and quality indicators for assessing the spatial distribution of water resource vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin","docAbstract":"We investigated water resource vulnerability in the US portion of the Columbia River basin (CRB) using multiple indicators representing water supply, water demand, and water quality. Based on the US county scale, spatial analysis was conducted using various biophysical and socio-economic indicators that control water vulnerability. Water supply vulnerability and water demand vulnerability exhibited a similar spatial clustering of hotspots in areas where agricultural lands and variability of precipitation were high but dam storage capacity was low. The hotspots of water quality vulnerability were clustered around the main stem of the Columbia River where major population and agricultural centres are located. This multiple equal weight indicator approach confirmed that different drivers were associated with different vulnerability maps in the sub-basins of the CRB. Water quality variables are more important than water supply and water demand variables in the Willamette River basin, whereas water supply and demand variables are more important than water quality variables in the Upper Snake and Upper Columbia River basins. This result suggests that current water resources management and practices drive much of the vulnerability within the study area. The analysis suggests the need for increased coordination of water management across multiple levels of water governance to reduce water resource vulnerability in the CRB and a potentially different weighting scheme that explicitly takes into account the input of various water stakeholders.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmosphere - Ocean","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2013.777896","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Jung, I., Strecker, A.L., Wise, D., Lafrenz, M., Shandas, V., Moradkhani, Yeakley, A., Pan, Y., Johnson, G., and Psaris, M., 2013, Water supply, demand, and quality indicators for assessing the spatial distribution of water resource vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin: Atmosphere - Ocean, v. 51, no. 4, p. 339-356, https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.777896.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"356","ipdsId":"IP-035349","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/18937","text":"External Repository"},{"id":275553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275550,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.777896"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.00,42.07 ], [ -123.00,51.75 ], [ -110.06,51.75 ], [ -110.06,42.07 ], [ -123.00,42.07 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d25be4b0cecbe8fa9840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Heejun","contributorId":14705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Heejun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, Il-Won","contributorId":38865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Il-Won","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strecker, Angela L.","contributorId":43256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strecker","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, Daniel dawise@usgs.gov","contributorId":844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Daniel","email":"dawise@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafrenz, Martin","contributorId":99024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafrenz","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shandas, Vivek","contributorId":99862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shandas","given":"Vivek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moradkhani","contributorId":128136,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moradkhani","id":535396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yeakley, Alan","contributorId":96569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeakley","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pan, Yangdong","contributorId":52865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Yangdong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Gunnar","contributorId":105618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gunnar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Psaris, Mike","contributorId":69867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psaris","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70047285,"text":"gq1767 - 2013 - Geologic map of the Valley Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T21:30:34.768076","indexId":"gq1767","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T20:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1767","title":"Geologic map of the Valley Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","docAbstract":"The Valley Mountain 15’ quadrangle straddles the Pinto Mountain Fault, which bounds the eastern Transverse Ranges in the south against the Mojave Desert province in the north. The Pinto Mountains, part of the eastern Transverse Ranges in the south part of the quadrangle expose a series of Paleoproterozoic gneisses and granite and the Proterozoic quartzite of Pinto Mountain. Early Triassic quartz monzonite intruded the gneisses and was ductiley deformed prior to voluminous Jurassic intrusion of diorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and granite plutons. The Jurassic rocks include part of the Bullion Mountains Intrusive Suite, which crops out prominently at Valley Mountain and in the Bullion Mountains, as well as in the Pinto Mountains. Jurassic plutons in the southwest part of the quadrangle are deeply denuded from midcrustal emplacement levels in contrast to supracrustal Jurassic limestone and volcanic rocks exposed in the northeast. Dikes inferred to be part of the Jurassic Independence Dike Swarm intrude the Jurassic plutons and Proterozoic rocks. Late Cretaceous intrusion of the Cadiz Valley Batholith in the northeast caused contact metamorphism of adjacent Jurassic plutonic rocks.\n\nThe Tertiary period saw emplacement of basanitoid basalt at about 23 Ma and deposition of Miocene and (or) Pliocene ridge-capping gravels. An undated east-dipping low-angle normal fault zone in the Pinto Mountains drops hanging-wall rocks eastward and may account for part of the contrast in uplift history across the quadrangle. The eastern Transverse Ranges are commonly interpreted as severely rotated clockwise tectonically in the Neogene relative to the Mojave Desert, but similar orientations of Jurassic dike swarms suggest that any differential rotation between the two provinces is small in this quadrangle. The late Cenozoic Pinto Mountain Fault and other strike-slip faults cut Quaternary deposits in the quadrangle, with two northwest-striking faults cutting Holocene deposits.\n\nGeographic Information System and metadata on most geologic features are available on the Geologic map of the Sheep Hole Mountains 30’ by 60’ quadrangle, U.S. Geological Survey map MF–2234, scale 1:100,000, available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2344/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gq1767","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Bacheller, J., Fitzgibbon, T.T., Powell, R.E., and Allen, C., 2013, Geologic map of the Valley Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1767, Report: ii, 17 p.; 1 Sheet: 33.60 × 35.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1767.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 17 p.; 1 Sheet: 33.60 × 35.24 inches","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gq1767.png"},{"id":398880,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98762.htm"},{"id":275539,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1767/gq1767_sheet.pdf"},{"id":275538,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1767/"},{"id":275540,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1767/gq1767_pamphlet.pdf"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County, San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Valley Mountain 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.0,34.0 ], [ -116.0,34.25 ], [ -115.75,34.25 ], [ -115.75,34.0 ], [ -116.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d5e4b02e26443a9321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacheller, John","contributorId":41314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacheller","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgibbon, Todd T.","contributorId":81126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgibbon","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Robert E. 0000-0001-7682-1655 rpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1655","contributorId":4210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Robert","email":"rpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Charlotte M.","contributorId":107297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Charlotte M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047284,"text":"dsDS709CC - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Parwan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter CC in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T09:40:27","indexId":"dsDS709CC","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T20:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"CC","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Parwan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter CC in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Parwan mineral district, which has gold and copper deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2006, 2007), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nelevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Parwan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into two overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The two image tiles (or quadrants) for the North Bamyan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (Data Series 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dsDS709CC","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey; This report is Chapter CC in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: Data Series 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Parwan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter CC in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme Text; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata Files; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/dsDS709CC.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme Text; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata Files; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049057","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/dsds709cc.PNG"},{"id":275531,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/"},{"id":275536,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":275532,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/1_readme.txt"},{"id":275533,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":275534,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":275535,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/metadata/metadata.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Parwan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 58.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d6e4b02e26443a9329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046215,"text":"70046215 - 2013 - Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands of California: seasonal influences of vegetation on mercury methylation, storage, and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:25:03","indexId":"70046215","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T14:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands of California: seasonal influences of vegetation on mercury methylation, storage, and transport","docAbstract":"Plants are a dominant biologic and physical component of many wetland capable of influencing the internal pools and fluxes of methylmercury (MeHg). To investigate their role with respect to the latter, we examined the changing seasonal roles of vegetation biomass and Hg, C and N composition from May 2007-February 2008 in 3 types of agricultural wetlands (domesticated or white rice, wild rice, and fallow fields), and in adjacent managed natural wetlands dominated by cattail and bulrush (tule). We also determined the impact of vegetation on seasonal microbial Hg methylation rates, and Hg and MeHg export via seasonal storage in vegetation, and biotic consumption of rice seed. Despite a compressed growing season of ~ 3 months, annual net primary productivity (NPP) was greatest in white rice fields and carbon more labile (leaf median C:N ratio = 27). Decay of senescent litter (residue) was correlated with microbial MeHg production in winter among all wetlands. As agricultural biomass accumulated from July to August, THg concentrations declined in leaves but MeHg concentrations remained consistent, such that MeHg pools generally increased with growth. Vegetation provided a small, temporary, but significant storage term for MeHg in agricultural fields when compared with hydrologic export. White rice and wild rice seeds reached mean MeHg concentrations of 4.1 and 6.2 ng gdw- 1, respectively. In white rice and wild rice fields, seed MeHg concentrations were correlated with root MeHg concentrations (r = 0.90, p < 0.001), suggesting transport of MeHg to seeds from belowground tissues. Given the proportionally elevated concentrations of MeHg in rice seeds, white and wild rice crops may act as a conduit of MeHg into biota, especially waterfowl which forage heavily on rice seeds within the Central Valley of California, USA. Thus, while plant tissues and rhizosphere soils provide temporary storage for MeHg during the growing season, export of MeHg is enhanced post-harvest through increased hydrologic and biotic export.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.027","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Kakouros, E., Agee, J.L., Kieu, L.H., Stricker, C.A., Fleck, J., and Ackerman, J., 2013, Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands of California: seasonal influences of vegetation on mercury methylation, storage, and transport: Science of the Total Environment, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.027.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-045775","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275521,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.027"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.663971,38.417283 ], [ -121.663971,38.556489 ], [ -121.586037,38.556489 ], [ -121.586037,38.417283 ], [ -121.663971,38.417283 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d7e4b02e26443a9335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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2013 - Mapping wildfire burn severity in the Arctic Tundra from downsampled MODIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T09:42:50","indexId":"70044756","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping wildfire burn severity in the Arctic Tundra from downsampled MODIS data","docAbstract":"Wildfires are historically infrequent in the arctic tundra, but are projected to increase with climate warming. Fire effects on tundra ecosystems are poorly understood and difficult to quantify in a remote region where a short growing season severely limits ground data collection. Remote sensing has been widely utilized to characterize wildfire regimes, but primarily from the Landsat sensor, which has limited data acquisition in the Arctic. Here, coarse-resolution remotely sensed data are assessed as a means to quantify wildfire burn severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire in Alaska, the largest tundra wildfire ever recorded on Alaska's North Slope. Data from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and downsampled Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were processed to spectral indices and correlated to observed metrics of surface, subsurface, and comprehensive burn severity. Spectral indices were strongly correlated to surface severity (maximum R2 = 0.88) and slightly less strongly correlated to substrate severity. Downsampled MODIS data showed a decrease in severity one year post-fire, corroborating rapid vegetation regeneration observed on the burned site. These results indicate that widely-used spectral indices and downsampled coarse-resolution data provide a reasonable supplement to often-limited ground data collection for analysis and long-term monitoring of wildfire effects in arctic ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR)","doi":"10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64","usgsCitation":"Kolden, C.A., and Rogan, J., 2013, Mapping wildfire burn severity in the Arctic Tundra from downsampled MODIS data: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 45, no. 1, p. 64-76, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-018916","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275509,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.3861,68.8704 ], [ -151.3861,69.311 ], [ -149.7285,69.311 ], [ -149.7285,68.8704 ], [ -151.3861,68.8704 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d6e4b02e26443a932d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogan, John","contributorId":83008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047270,"text":"70047270 - 2013 - The role of vermetid gastropods in the development of the Florida Middle Ground, northeast Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-29T13:53:24","indexId":"70047270","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of vermetid gastropods in the development of the Florida Middle Ground, northeast Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The Florida Middle Ground is a complex of north to northwest trending ridges that lie approximately 180 km northwest of Tampa Bay, Florida. The irregular ridges appear on the otherwise gently sloping West Florida shelf and exhibit between 10-15 m of relief. Modern studies interpret the ridges as remnants of a Holocene coral-reef buildup that today provide a hard substrate for growth of a variety of benthic organisms including hydrocorals, scleractinians, alcyonarians, and algae. Recent rotary coring reveals that the core of the eastern ridge of the Florida Middle Ground complex consists of unconsolidated marine calcareous muddy sand that is capped by a boundstone composed primarily of the sessile vermetid gastropod Petaloconchus sp., and overlays a weathered, fossiliferous limestone. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon ages (uncalibrated) on the 3.6-m thick vermetid worm rock indicate that it developed during a sea-level stillstand in the early Holocene (8,225 ±30-8,910 ± 25 yr B.P.). Our observations suggest that the Florida Middle Ground is a remnant of a series of shore parallel bars that formed in the early Holocene and were capped by a 3.6-m thick unit of vermetid gastropods. During a rapid sea-level rise that began ~8,000 yr B.P. the vermetids growth ceased and the worm rock preserved the ridges structure. Diver observations document that the edges of the ridges are currently being eroded and undermined by biological activity and current action, leading to calving of large capstone blocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Coastal Research","doi":"10.2112/SI63-005.1","usgsCitation":"Reich, C.D., Poore, R.Z., and Hickey, T.D., 2013, The role of vermetid gastropods in the development of the Florida Middle Ground, northeast Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Coastal Research, p. 46-57, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI63-005.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-037412","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275510,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI63-005.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Middle Ground","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.9077,27.3348 ], [ -84.9077,29.539 ], [ -82.6125,29.539 ], [ -82.6125,27.3348 ], [ -84.9077,27.3348 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d7e4b02e26443a933d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickey, Todd D.","contributorId":34255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047273,"text":"70047273 - 2013 - Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene Montastraea faveolata specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T17:03:04.804013","indexId":"70047273","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T13:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene Montastraea faveolata specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park","title":"Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene Montastraea faveolata specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park","docAbstract":"Sr/Ca ratios from skeletal samples from two Montastraea faveolata corals (one modern, one Holocene, ~6 Ka) from the Dry Tortugas National Park were measured as a proxy for sea-surface temperature (SST). We sampled coral specimens with a computer-driven triaxial micromilling machine, which yielded an average of 15 homogenous samples per annual growth increment. We regressed Sr/Ca values from resulting powdered samples against a local SST record to obtain a calibration equation of Sr/Ca = -0.0392 SST + 10.205, R = -0.97. The resulting calibration was used to generate a 47-year modern (1961-2008) and a 7-year Holocene (~6 Ka) Sr/Ca subannually resolved proxy record of SST. The modern M. faveolata yields well-defined annual Sr/Ca cycles ranging in amplitude from ~0.3 and 0.5 mmol/mol. The amplitude of ~0.3 to 0.5 mmol/mol equates to a 10-15°C seasonal SST amplitude, which is consistent with available local instrumental records. Summer maxima proxy SSTs calculated from the modern coral Sr/ Ca tend to be fairly stable: most SST maxima from 1961–2008 are 29°C ± 1°C. In contrast, winter minimum SST calculated in the 47-year modern time-series are highly variable, with a cool interval in the early to mid-1970s. The Holocene (~6 Ka) Montastraea faveolata coral also yields distinct annual Sr/Ca cycles with amplitudes ranging from ~0.3 to 0.6 mmol/mol. Absolute Sr/Ca values and thus resulting SST estimates over the ~7-year long record are similar to those from the modern coral. We conclude that Sr/Ca from Montastraea faveolata has high potential for developing subannually resolved Holocene SST records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/SI63-003.1","usgsCitation":"Flannery, J.A., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene Montastraea faveolata specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 63, no. SP1, p. 20-31, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI63-003.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034337","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.76726792345106,\n 24.668847526359244\n ],\n [\n -82.7662420584935,\n 24.702403637588674\n ],\n [\n -82.80112146703877,\n 24.725701175795734\n ],\n [\n -82.86369922942924,\n 24.72476935798862\n ],\n [\n -82.90165623284628,\n 24.71731456433045\n ],\n [\n -82.96731159010801,\n 24.652066084419502\n ],\n [\n -82.96628572515093,\n 24.564393037813716\n ],\n [\n -82.8944751781457,\n 24.565326053015824\n ],\n [\n -82.79906973712458,\n 24.612900615057384\n ],\n [\n -82.7662420584935,\n 24.66791528323482\n ],\n [\n -82.76726792345106,\n 24.668847526359244\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"SP1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d7e4b02e26443a9339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flannery, Jennifer A. 0000-0002-1692-2662 jflannery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-2662","contributorId":4317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flannery","given":"Jennifer","email":"jflannery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047271,"text":"70047271 - 2013 - An examination of historic inorganic sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in several marsh types within the Mobile Bay and and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:14:02.86375","indexId":"70047271","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An examination of historic inorganic sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in several marsh types within the Mobile Bay and and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta region","docAbstract":"Mass accumulation rates (MAR; g cm-2 y-1), linear sedimentation rates (LSR; cm y-1), and core geochronology derived from excess lead-210 (210Pb) profiles and inventories measured in six sediment cores collected from marsh sites from the MobileTensaw River Delta and Mobile Bay region record the importance of both continuous and event-driven inorganic sedimentation over the last 120 years. MAR in freshwater marshes varied considerably between sites and through time (0.24 and 1.31 g cm-2 y-1). The highest MARs occurred in the 1950s and 1960s and correspond to record discharge events along the Mobile and Tensaw Rivers. In comparison, MAR at salt marsh sites increased almost threefold over the last 120 years (0.05 to 0.18 g cm-2 y-1 or 0.23 to 0.48 cm y-1). From 1880 to 1960, organic accumulation remained fairly constant (20%), while intermittent pulses of high inorganic sedimentation were observed following 1960. The pulses in inorganic sedimentation coincide with several major hurricanes (e.g., Hurricanes Camille, Fredric, Georges, and Ivan). The nearly threefold increase in MAR in salt marshes during the last 120 years would thus appear to be partially dependent on inorganic sedimentation from storm events. This study shows that while hurricanes, floods, and other natural hazards are well-known threats to human infrastructure and coastal ecosystems, these events also transport sediment to marshes that help abate other pressures such as sea-level rise (SLR) and subsidence.","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/SI63-007.1","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.G., Osterman, L.E., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, An examination of historic inorganic sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in several marsh types within the Mobile Bay and and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta region: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 63, no. sp1, p. 68-83, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI63-007.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-033578","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI63-011.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.254965,30.194604 ], [ -88.254965,30.839951 ], [ -87.621646,30.839951 ], [ -87.621646,30.194604 ], [ -88.254965,30.194604 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780cfe4b02e26443a931d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterman, Lisa E. osterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","email":"osterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044614,"text":"70044614 - 2013 - Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:30:37","indexId":"70044614","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska","docAbstract":"The Dunlin (Calidris alpina) is a polytypic shorebird with complex patterns of distribution and migration throughout its holarctic range. We analyzed mark-re sighting data obtained between 1977 and 2010 from birds captured at two major staging areas in western Alaska to test the hypothesis that the migration patterns of Alaskan populations are a mixture of parallel and chain, similar to those of Dunlin populations in the western Palearctic. Birds marked on the Yukon—Kuskokwim Delta were found wintering in both Asia and North America, which documented the unexpected mixing of C. a. arcticola from northern Alaska and C. a. pacifica from western Alaska and contradicted our initial prediction of parallel migration pathways for these two subspecies. In its North American winter range C. a. pacifica segregated according to location of marking, confirming our prediction of a chain migration pattern within this population. Individuals of C. a. pacifica marked on the delta were resighted significantly farther north, mostly in southern British Columbia and Washington, than birds marked on the second, more southerly staging area on the Alaska Peninsula, which were resighted primarily in the San Francisco Bay area of northern California. We recommend additional studies use a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic markers to quantify the strength of migratory connectivity between breeding, staging, and wintering areas. Such information is needed to guide conservation efforts because the Dunlin and other waterbirds are losing intertidal habitats at an unprecedented rate and scale, particularly in the Yellow Sea and other parts of Asia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2013.120127","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Handel, C.M., and Ruthrauff, D.R., 2013, Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska: The Condor, v. 115, no. 3, p. 525-534, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120127.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-041725","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280758,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120127"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Angyoyaravak Bay;Egegik Bay;Izembek Lagoon;Kigigak Bay;Nelson Lagoon;Ugashik Bay;Yukon-kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169.53,51.21 ], [ -169.53,66.59 ], [ -152.93,66.59 ], [ -152.93,51.21 ], [ -169.53,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62cbe4b0b290850fe696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047264,"text":"sir20135041 - 2013 - Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T10:21:11","indexId":"sir20135041","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5041","title":"Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","docAbstract":"rom 2005 to 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, conducted a study to describe the geologic framework, measure groundwater quality, characterize the groundwater-flow system, and describe the groundwater/surface-water interaction at the 60-acre Raleigh hydrogeologic research station (RHRS) located at the Neuse River Waste Water Treatment Plant in eastern Wake County, North Carolina. Previous studies have shown that the local groundwater quality of the surficial and bedrock aquifers at the RHRS had been affected by high levels of nutrients. Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected from 3 coreholes, 12 wells, and 4 piezometers at 3 well clusters, as well as from 2 surface-water sites, 2 multiport piezometers, and 80 discrete locations in the streambed of the Neuse River. Data collected were used to evaluate the three primary zones of the Piedmont aquifer (regolith, transition zone, and fractured bedrock) and characterize the interaction of groundwater and surface water as a mechanism of nutrient transport to the Neuse River. A conceptual hydrogeologic cross section across the RHRS was constructed using new and existing data. Two previously unmapped north striking, nearly vertical diabase dikes intrude the granite beneath the site. Groundwater within the diabase dike appeared to be hydraulically isolated from the surrounding granite bedrock and regolith. A correlation exists between foliation and fracture orientation, with most fractures striking parallel to foliation. Flowmeter logging in two of the bedrock wells indicated that not all of the water-bearing fractures labeled as water bearing were hydraulically active, even when stressed by pumping. Groundwater levels measured in wells at the RHRS displayed climatic and seasonal trends, with elevated groundwater levels occurring during the late spring and declining to a low in the late fall. Vertical gradients in the groundwater discharge area near the Neuse River were complex and were affected by fluctuations in river stage, with the exception of a well completed in a diabase dike. Water-quality data from the wells and surface-water sites at the RHRS were collected continuously as well as during periodic sampling events. Surface-water samples collected from a tributary were most similar in chemical composition to groundwater found in the regolith and transition zone. Nitrate (measured as nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen) concentrations in the sampled wells and tributary ranged from about 5 to more than 120 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Waterborne continuous resistivity profiling conducted on the Neuse River in the area of the RHRS measured areas of low apparent resistivity that likely represent groundwater contaminated by high concentrations of nitrate. These areas were located on either side of a diabase dike and at the outfall of two unnamed tributaries. The diabase dike preferentially directed the discharge of groundwater to the Neuse River and may isolate groundwater movement laterally. Discrete temperature measurements made within the pore water beneath the Neuse River revealed seeps of colder groundwater discharging into warmer surface water near a diabase dike. Water-quality samples collected from the pore water beneath the Neuse River indicated that nitrate was present at concentrations as high as 80 milligrams per liter as nitrogen on the RHRS side of the river. The highest concentrations of nitrate were located within pore water collected from an area near a diabase dike that was identified as a suspected seepage area. Hydraulic head was measured and pore water samples were collected from two 140-centimeter-deep (55.1-inch-deep) multiport piezometers that were installed in bed sediments on opposite sides of a diabase dike. The concentration of nitrate in pore water at a suspected seepage area ranged from 42 to 82 milligrams per liter as nitrogen with a median concentration of 79 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. On the opposite side of the dike, concentrations of nitrate in pore water samples ranged from 3 to 91 milligrams per liter as nitrogen with a median concentration of 52 milligrams per liter. At one of the multiport piezometers the vertical gradient of hydraulic head between the Neuse River and the groundwater was too small to measure. At the multiport piezometer located in the suspected seepage area, an upward gradient of about 0.1 was present and explains the occurrence of higher concentrations of nitrate near the sediment/water interface. Horizontal seepage flux from the surficial aquifer to the edge of the Neuse River was estimated for 2006. Along a 130-foot flow path, the estimated seepage flux ranged from –0.52 to 0.2 foot per day with a median of 0.09 foot per day. The estimated advective horizontal mass flux of nitrate along a 300-foot reach of the Neuse River ranged from –10.9 to 5 pounds per day with a median of 2.2 pounds per day. The total horizontal mass flux of nitrate from the surficial aquifer to the Neuse River along the 130-foot flow path was estimated to be about 750 pounds for all of 2006. Seepage meters were deployed on the bed of the Neuse River in the areas of the multiport piezometers on either side of the diabase dike to estimate rates of vertical groundwater discharge and flux of nitrate. The average estimated daily seepage flux differed by two orders of magnitude between seepage areas. The potential vertical flux of nitrate from groundwater to the Neuse River was estimated at an average of 2.5 grams per day near one of the multiport piezometers and an average of 784 grams per day at the other. These approximations suggest that under some hydrologic conditions there is the potential for substantial quantities of nitrate to discharge from the groundwater to the Neuse River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135041","collaboration":"Prepared In Cooperation With The North Carolina Department Of Environment And Natural Resources Division Of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., Bolich, R.E., and Chapman, M.J., 2013, Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5041, viii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135041.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275495,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5041/"},{"id":275496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135041.gif"},{"id":275494,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5041/pdf/sir2013-5041.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Neuse River Waste Water Treatment Plant","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.32,33.84 ], [ -84.32,36.59 ], [ -78.04,36.59 ], [ -78.04,33.84 ], [ -84.32,33.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d6e4b02e26443a9325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolich, Richard E.","contributorId":89615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolich","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189924,"text":"70189924 - 2013 - New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:29:44","indexId":"70189924","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation","docAbstract":"Electrical conductivity (κ) measurements of natural waters are typically referenced to 25 °C (κ25) using standard temperature compensation factors (α). For acidic waters (pH < 4), this can result in a large κ25 error (δκ25). The more the sample temperature departs from 25 °C, the larger the potential δκ25. For pH < 4, the hydrogen ion transport number becomes substantial and its mode of transport is different from most other ions resulting in a different α. A new method for determining α as a function of pH and temperature is presented. Samples with varying amounts of H2SO4 and NaCl were used to develop the new α, which was then applied to 65 natural water samples including acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, and stream waters. For each sample, the κ and pH were measured at several temperatures from 5 to 90 °C and κ25 was calculated. The δκ25 ranged from −11 to 9% for the new method as compared to −42 to 25% and −53 to 27% for the constant α (0.019) and ISO-7888 methods, respectively. The new method for determining α is a substantial improvement for acidic waters and performs as well as or better than the standard methods for circumneutral waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es402188r","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., 2013, New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 17, p. 9874-9881, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402188r.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9874","endPage":"9881","ipdsId":"IP-046099","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419ce4b0a38ca2789369","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118399,"text":"70118399 - 2013 - Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes in surficial materials at the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Southwestern Alaska: can the mineralizing fingerprint be detected through cover?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T08:55:16","indexId":"70118399","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T16:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes in surficial materials at the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Southwestern Alaska: can the mineralizing fingerprint be detected through cover?","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit is covered by tundra and glacigenic sediments. Pb-Sr-Nd measurements were done on sediments and soils to establish baseline conditions prior to the onset of mining operations and contribute to the development of exploration methods for concealed base metal deposits of this type. Pebble rocks have a moderate range for 206Pb/204Pb = 18.574 to 18.874, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.484 to 15.526, and 208,Pb/204Pb = 38.053 to 38.266. Mineralized granodiorite shows a modest spread in 87Sr/86Sr (0.704354–0.707621) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.512639–0.512750). Age-corrected (89 Ma) values for the granodiorite yield relatively unradiogenic Pb (e.g., 207Pb/204Pb <15.52), low values of 87Sr/86Sr, and positive values of ɛNd (1.00–4.52) that attest to a major contribution of mantle-derived source rocks. Pond sediments and soils have similar Pb isotope signatures and 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd values that resemble the mineralized granodiorites. Glacial events have obscured the recognition of isotope signatures of mineralized rocks in the sediments and soils. Baseline radiogenic isotope compositions, prior to the onset of mining operations, reflect natural erosion, transport and deposition of heterogeneous till sheets that included debris from barren rocks, mineralized granodiorite and sulfides from the Pebble deposit, and other country rocks that pre- and postdate the mineralization events. Isotopic variations suggest that natural weathering of the deposit is generally reflected in these surficial materials. The isotope data provide geochemical constraints to glimpse through the extensive cover and together with other geochemical observations provide a vector to concealed mineralized rocks genetically linked with the Pebble deposit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.108.3.543","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., Kelley, K., Eppinger, R.G., and Forni, F., 2013, Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes in surficial materials at the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Southwestern Alaska: can the mineralizing fingerprint be detected through cover?: Economic Geology, v. 108, no. 3, p. 543-563, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.543.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"563","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291230,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.543"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.333333,59.866667 ], [ -155.333333,59.95 ], [ -155.233333,59.95 ], [ -155.233333,59.866667 ], [ -155.333333,59.866667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forni, Francesca","contributorId":27371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forni","given":"Francesca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118398,"text":"70118398 - 2013 - A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:53:11","indexId":"70118398","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T16:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system","docAbstract":"Stable and radioactive tracers were utilized in concert to characterize geochemical processes in a complex coastal groundwater system and to provide constraints on the kinetics of rock/water interactions. Groundwater samples from wells within the Dominguez Gap region of Los Angeles County, California were analyzed for a suite of major cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and anions (Cl−, SO42−), silica, alkalinity, select trace elements (Ba, B, Sr), dissolved oxygen, stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD), oxygen (δ18O), dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC), and radioactive isotopes (3H, 222Rn and 223,224,226,228Ra). In the study area, groundwater may consist of a complex mixture of native groundwater, intruded seawater, non-native injected water, and oil-field brine water. In some wells, Cl− concentrations attained seawater-like values and in conjunction with isotopically heavier δ18O values, these tracers provide information on the extent of seawater intrusion and/or mixing with oil-field brines. Groundwater 3H above 1 tritium unit (TU) was observed only in a few select wells close to the Dominguez Gap area and most other well groundwater was aged pre-1952. Based on an initial 14C value for the study site of 90 percent modern carbon (pmc), groundwater age estimates likely extend beyond 20 kyr before present and confirm deep circulation of some native groundwater through multiple aquifers. Enriched values of groundwater δ13CDIC in the absence of SO42− imply enhanced anaerobic microbial methanogenesis. While secular equilibrium was observed for 234U/238U (activity ratios ~1) in host matrices, strong isotopic fractionation in these groundwater samples can be used to obtain information of adsorption/desorption kinetics. Calculated Ra residence times are short, and the associated desorption rate constant is about three orders of magnitude slower than that of the adsorption rate constant. Combined stable- and radio-isotopic results provide unique insights into aquifer characteristics, such as geochemical cycling, rock/water interactions, and subsurface transport and mixing.","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/w5020480","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., Baskaran, M., Rosenbauer, R.J., Edwards, B.D., and Land, M., 2013, A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system: Water, v. 5, no. 2, p. 480-504, https://doi.org/10.3390/w5020480.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w5020480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291224,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w5020480"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.9449,32.7984 ], [ -118.9449,34.8232 ], [ -117.6456,34.8232 ], [ -117.6456,32.7984 ], [ -118.9449,32.7984 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskaran, Mark","contributorId":87867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baskaran","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70118374,"text":"70118374 - 2013 - K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T15:47:23","indexId":"70118374","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","docAbstract":"Nanometric (<0.02, 0.02–0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2 μm) illite fractions were separated from K-bentonite samples from northwestern Georgia, and studied by X-ray diffraction, oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry, and K-Ar dated to more tightly constrain the tectono-thermal history of the Appalachian orogeny. Their XRD patterns are very similar for a given sample with respect to the peak shapes and positions. They are ordered illite-smectite mixed layers with only small variations in the relative proportions of illite and smectite interlayers. The illite crystal thickness distributions also are very homogeneous across the various size fractions of the same sample, but crystallite thickness varies from sample to sample. It can be concluded from the α-β2 diagram that illitization occurred in all fractions by simultaneous nucleation and crystal growth, except for one sample. In that sample, a period of growth without nucleation was detected on top of the nucleation and growth episode.
\nThe K-Ar ages organize into two isochrons, the first at 319.9 ± 2.0 Ma with an initial 40Ar/36Ar ratio of 271 ± 66 Ma, and the second at 284.9 ± 1.2 Ma with an initial 40Ar/36Ar ratio of 310 ± 44. One data point above the older isochron and three between the two isochrons suggest a detrital contamination for the former separate and a possible further generation of nanoparticles for the three others. The samples with the older crystallization age consist of illite and illite-rich mixed-layers, and those with the younger age contain smectite-rich mixed-layers without illite, or illite-enriched illite-smectite mixed-layers. The K-Ar ages fit the age trends published previously for similar K-bentonites with regional age patterns between 240 and 270 Ma in the southwestern region, between 270 and 300 Ma in the central zone and the southern Appalachians, and between 315 and 370 Ma in the northernmost.
\nEach of the two generations of illite crystals yields very consistent δ18O (V-SMOW) values at 17 ± 1‰ for the older and at 21 ± 1‰ for the younger. If crystallization temperatures of the nanometric illite were between 100 and 200 °C, as suggested by microthermometric determinations, the hydrothermal fluids had δ18O values of 4 ± 1‰ in the Dalton district and of 8 ± 1‰ in the Lafayette, Trenton, and Dirtseller districts at 100 °C, and of 11 ± 1 and 15 ± 1‰ in the same locations at 200 °C, probably because the water-rock isotope exchanges at elevated temperature occurred in rock-dominated systems. The δ18O of the fluids remained unchanged during local crystal growth, but varied depending on the geographic location of the samples and timing of illitization. The δD (V-SMOW) values of the different size fractions do not provide consistent information; they range from −70 to −45‰ for most nanometric and micrometric fractions (V-SMOW), but with no apparent coherent pattern.
\nNanometric illite-rich crystals from K-bentonite that underwent tectono-thermal alteration yield constant ages, constant clay mineralogy, constant crystallite size distributions for all of the nucleating and growing illite-type crystals of each sample, as well as constant δ18O values implying constant fluid chemistry, all pointing to geologically sudden crystallization.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2013.4510","usgsCitation":"Clauer, N., Fallick, A.E., Eberl, D.D., Honty, M., Huff, W.D., and Auberti, A., 2013, K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity: American Mineralogist, v. 98, no. 11-12, p. 2144-2154, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2144","endPage":"2154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291210,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Dalton;Lafayette;Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.61,33.63 ], [ -85.61,35.0 ], [ -82.77,35.0 ], [ -82.77,33.63 ], [ -85.61,33.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"98","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":9182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallick, Anthony E.","contributorId":107210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallick","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honty, Miroslav","contributorId":91034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honty","given":"Miroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huff, Warren D.","contributorId":90228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Auberti, Amelie","contributorId":51220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auberti","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70118373,"text":"70118373 - 2013 - The influence of oxalate-promoted growth of saponite and talc crystals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:59:12","indexId":"70118373","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of oxalate-promoted growth of saponite and talc crystals","docAbstract":"The intercalating growth of new silicate layers or metal hydroxide layers in the interlayer space of other clay minerals is known from various mixed-layer clay minerals such as illite-smectite (I-S), chlorite-vermiculite, and mica-vermiculite. In a recent study, the present authors proposed that smectite-group minerals can be synthesized from solution as new 2:1 silicate layers within the low-charge interlayers of rectorite. That study showed how oxalate catalyzes the crystallization of saponite from a silicate gel at low temperatures (60ºC) and ambient pressure. As an extension of this work the aim of the present study was to test the claim that new 2:1 silicate layers can be synthesized as new intercalating layers in the low-charge interlayers of rectorite and whether oxalate could promote such an intercalation synthesis. Two experiments were conducted at 60ºC and atmospheric pressure. First, disodium oxalate solution was added to a suspension of rectorite in order to investigate the effects that oxalate anions have on the structure of rectorite. In a second experiment, silicate gel of saponitic composition (calculated interlayer charge −0.33 eq/O10(OH)2) was mixed with a suspension of rectorite and incubated in disodium oxalate solution. The synthesis products were extracted after 3 months and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The treatment of ultrathin sections with octadecylammonium (nC = 18) cations revealed the presence of 2:1 layer silicates with different interlayer charges that grew from the silicate gel. The oxalate-promoted nucleation of saponite and talc crystallites on the rectorite led to the alteration and ultimately to the destruction of the rectorite structure. The change was documented in HRTEM lattice-fringe images. The crystallization of new 2:1 layer silicates also occurred within the expandable interlayers of rectorite but not as new 2:1 silicate layers parallel to the previous 2:1 silicate layers. Instead, they grew independently of any orientation predetermined by the rectorite crystal substrate and their crystallization was responsible for the destruction of the rectorite structure.","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610413","usgsCitation":"Schumann, D., Hartman, H., Eberl, D.D., Sears, S.K., Hesse, R., and Vali, H., 2013, The influence of oxalate-promoted growth of saponite and talc crystals: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 61, no. 4, p. 342-360, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610413.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"360","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, Dirk","contributorId":58198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, Hyman","contributorId":80595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Hyman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sears, S. Kelly","contributorId":97016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hesse, Reinhard","contributorId":37659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesse","given":"Reinhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vali, Hojatollah","contributorId":85520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vali","given":"Hojatollah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70118361,"text":"70118361 - 2013 - Thickness distributions and evolution of growth mechanisms of NH4-illite from the fossil hydrothermal system of Harghita Bai, Eastern Carpathians, Romania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:59:28","indexId":"70118361","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thickness distributions and evolution of growth mechanisms of NH4-illite from the fossil hydrothermal system of Harghita Bai, Eastern Carpathians, Romania","docAbstract":"The crystal growth of NH4-illite (NH4-I) from the hydrothermal system of Harghita Bãi (Eastern Carpathians) was deduced from the shapes of crystal thickness distributions (CTDs). The 4-illite-smectite (I-S) interstratified structures (R1, R2, and R3-type ordering) with a variable smectite-layer content. The NH4-I-S (40–5% S) structures were identified underground in a hydrothermal breccia structure, whereas the K-I/NH4-I mixtures were found at the deepest level sampled (−110 m). The percentage of smectite interlayers generally decreases with increasing depth in the deposit. This decrease in smectite content is related to the increase in degree of fracturing in the breccia structure and corresponds to a general increase in mean illite crystal thickness. In order to determine the thickness distributions of NH4-I crystals (fundamental illite particles) which make up the NH4-I-S interstratified structures and the NH4,-I/K-I mixtures, 27 samples were saturated with Li+ and aqueous solutions of PVP-10 to remove swelling and then were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The profiles for the mean crystallite thickness (Tmean) and crystallite thickness distribution (CTD) of NH4-I crystallites were determined by the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach method using the MudMaster computer code. The Tmean of NH4-I from NH4-I-S samples ranges from 3.4 to 7.8 nm. The Tmean measured for the NH4-I/K-I mixture phase ranges from 7.8 nm to 11.7 nm (NH4-I) and from 12.1 to 24.7 nm (K-I).
The CTD shapes of NH4-I fundamental particles are asymptotic and lognormal, whereas illites from NH4-I/K-I mixtures have bimodal shapes related to the presence of two lognormal-like CTDs corresponding to NH4-I and K-I.
The crystal-growth mechanism for NH4-I samples was simulated using the Galoper code. Reaction pathways for NH4-I crystal nucleation and growth could be determined for each sample by plotting their CTD parameters on an α–β2 diagram constructed using Galoper. This analysis shows that NH4-I crystals underwent simultaneous nucleation and growth, followed by surface-controlled growth without simultaneous nucleation.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610415","usgsCitation":"Bobos, I., and Eberl, D.D., 2013, Thickness distributions and evolution of growth mechanisms of NH4-illite from the fossil hydrothermal system of Harghita Bai, Eastern Carpathians, Romania: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 61, no. 4, p. 375-391, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610415.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Romania","otherGeospatial":"Harghita Bai","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 25.629151,46.3757 ], [ 25.629151,46.39137 ], [ 25.643549,46.39137 ], [ 25.643549,46.3757 ], [ 25.629151,46.3757 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a042a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bobos, Iuliu","contributorId":87463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobos","given":"Iuliu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118360,"text":"70118360 - 2013 - A quantitative X-ray diffraction inventory of the tephra and volcanic glass inputs into the Holocene marine sediment archives off Iceland: A contribution to V.A.S.T.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T15:09:26","indexId":"70118360","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3096,"text":"Polar Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative X-ray diffraction inventory of the tephra and volcanic glass inputs into the Holocene marine sediment archives off Iceland: A contribution to V.A.S.T.","docAbstract":"This paper re-evaluates how well quantitative x-ray diffraction (qXRD) can be used as an exploratory method of the weight percentage (wt%) of volcaniclastic sediment, and to identify tephra events in marine cores. In the widely used RockJock v6 software programme, qXRD tephra and glass standards include the rhyodacite White River tephra (Alaska), a rhyolitic tephra (Hekla-4) and the basaltic Saksunarvatn tephra. Experiments of adding known wt% of tephra to felsic bedrock samples indicated that additions ≥10 wt% are accurately detected, but reliable estimates of lesser amounts are masked by amorphous material produced by milling. Volcaniclastic inputs range between 20 and 50 wt%. Primary tephra events are identified as peaks in residual qXRD glass wt% from fourth-order polynomial fits. In cores where tephras have been identified by shard counts in the > 150 µm fraction, there is a positive correlation (validation) with peaks in the wt% glass estimated by qXRD. Geochemistry of tephra shards confirms the presence of several Hekla-sourced tephras in cores B997-317PC1 and -319PC2 on the northern Iceland shelf. In core B997-338 (north-west Iceland), there are two rhyolitic tephras separated by ca. 100 cm with uncorrected radiocarbon dates on articulated shells of around 13 000 yr B.P. These tephras may be correlatives of the Borrobol and Penifiler tephras found in Scotland. The number of Holocene tephra events per 1000 yr was estimated from qXRD on 16 cores and showed a bimodal distribution with an increased number of events in both the late and early Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Norwegian Polar Institute","doi":"10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130","usgsCitation":"Andrews, J.T., Kristjansdottir, G.B., Eberl, D.D., and Jennings, A.E., 2013, A quantitative X-ray diffraction inventory of the tephra and volcanic glass inputs into the Holocene marine sediment archives off Iceland: A contribution to V.A.S.T.: Polar Research, v. 32, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130.","startPage":"11130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291200,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -24.55,63.3 ], [ -24.55,66.57 ], [ -13.5,66.57 ], [ -13.5,63.3 ], [ -24.55,63.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a042c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":19886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kristjansdottir, Greta B.","contributorId":42147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristjansdottir","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Anne E.","contributorId":38876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118320,"text":"70118320 - 2013 - Feeding ecology of pelagic larval Burbot in Northern Lake Huron, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-23T10:49:27","indexId":"70118320","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T13:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology of pelagic larval Burbot in Northern Lake Huron, Michigan","docAbstract":"Burbot Lota lota are a key demersal piscivore across the Laurentian Great Lakes whose populations have declined by about 90% in recent decades. Larval Burbot typically hatch in the early spring and rely on abundant crustacean zooplankton prey. We examined the stomach contents of larval Burbot from inshore (≤15 m) and offshore sites (37 and 91 m) in northern Lake Huron, Michigan. Concurrent zooplankton vertical tows at the same sites showed that the prey community was dominated by calanoid copepods, dreissenid mussel veligers, and rotifers. Burbot consumed mostly cyclopoid copepods, followed by copepod nauplii and calanoid copepods. Chesson's index of selectivity was calculated and compared among sites and months for individual Burbot. According to this index, larval Burbot exhibited positive selection for cyclopoid copepods and copepod nauplii and negative selection for calanoid copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, and dreissenid veligers. This selectivity was consistent across sites and throughout the sampling period. Burbot displayed little variation in their prey preferences during the larval stage, which suggests that the recent shifts in zooplankton abundance due to the invasion of the predatory zooplankter Bythotrephes longimanus and competition from invasive Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax could negatively impact larval Burbot populations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.788561","usgsCitation":"George, E.M., Roseman, E., Davis, B.M., and O’Brien, T.P., 2013, Feeding ecology of pelagic larval Burbot in Northern Lake Huron, Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 6, p. 1716-1723, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.788561.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1716","endPage":"1723","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291175,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.788561"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.7717,43.0009 ], [ -84.7717,46.5501 ], [ -79.6539,46.5501 ], [ -79.6539,43.0009 ], [ -84.7717,43.0009 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"142","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567bd3bce4b0a04ef491a1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Ellen M. egeorge@usgs.gov","contributorId":3941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Ellen","email":"egeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118301,"text":"70118301 - 2013 - Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T15:51:13","indexId":"70118301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes","docAbstract":"Research into post-wildfire effects began in the United States more than 70 years ago and only later extended to other parts of the world. Post-wildfire responses are typically transient, episodic, variable in space and time, dependent on thresholds, and involve multiple processes measured by different methods. These characteristics tend to hinder research progress, but the large empirical knowledge base amassed in different regions of the world suggests that it should now be possible to synthesize the data and make a substantial improvement in the understanding of post-wildfire runoff and erosion response. Thus, it is important to identify and prioritize the research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion. Priority research issues are the need to: (1) organize and synthesize similarities and differences in post-wildfire responses between different fire-prone regions of the world in order to determine common patterns and generalities that can explain cause and effect relations; (2) identify and quantify functional relations between metrics of fire effects and soil hydraulic properties that will better represent the dynamic and transient conditions after a wildfire; (3) determine the interaction between burned landscapes and temporally and spatially variable meso-scale precipitation, which is often the primary driver of post-wildfire runoff and erosion responses; (4) determine functional relations between precipitation, basin morphology, runoff connectivity, contributing area, surface roughness, depression storage, and soil characteristics required to predict the timing, magnitudes, and duration of floods and debris flows from ungaged burned basins; and (5) develop standard measurement methods that will ensure the collection of uniform and comparable runoff and erosion data. Resolution of these issues will help to improve conceptual and computer models of post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.004","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., Shakesby, R., Robichaud, P., Cannon, S.H., and Martin, D.A., 2013, Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 122, p. 10-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.004.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-037471","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291155,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.004"}],"volume":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a042e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shakesby, Richard A.","contributorId":72314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shakesby","given":"Richard A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robichaud, Peter R.","contributorId":102782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robichaud","given":"Peter R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70118279,"text":"70118279 - 2013 - Addition of sea turtle editors at Herpetological Conservation and Biology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:40:30","indexId":"70118279","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Addition of sea turtle editors at Herpetological Conservation and Biology","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Bury, R.B., 2013, Addition of sea turtle editors at Herpetological Conservation and Biology: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 8, no. 1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"i","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291137,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://herpconbio.org/Volume_8/Issue_1/Bury_2013.pdf"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118268,"text":"70118268 - 2013 - Atmospheric mercury and fine particulate matter in coastal New England: implications for mercury and trace element sources in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T11:52:18","indexId":"70118268","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T10:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric mercury and fine particulate matter in coastal New England: implications for mercury and trace element sources in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Intensive sampling of ambient atmospheric fine particulate matter was conducted at Woods Hole, Massachusetts over a four-month period from 3 April to 29 July, 2008, in conjunction with year-long deployment of the USGS Mobile Mercury Lab. Results were obtained for trace elements in fine particulate matter concurrently with determination of ambient atmospheric mercury speciation and concentrations of ancillary gasses (SO2, NOx, and O3). For particulate matter, trace element enrichment factors greater than 10 relative to crustal background values were found for As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn, indicating contribution of these elements by anthropogenic sources. For other elements, enrichments are consistent with natural marine (Na, Ca, Mg, Sr) or crustal (Ba, Ce, Co, Cs, Fe, Ga, La, Rb, Sc, Th, Ti, U, Y) sources, respectively. Positive matrix factorization was used together with concentration weighted air-mass back trajectories to better define element sources and their locations. Our analysis, based on events exhibiting the 10% highest PM2.5 contributions for each source category, identifies coal-fired power stations concentrated in the U.S. Ohio Valley, metal smelting in eastern Canada, and marine and crustal sources showing surprisingly similar back trajectories, at times each sampling Atlantic coastal airsheds. This pattern is consistent with contribution of Saharan dust by a summer maximum at the latitude of Florida and northward transport up the Atlantic Coast by clockwise circulation of the summer Bermuda High. Results for mercury speciation show diurnal production of RGM by photochemical oxidation of Hg° in a marine environment, and periodic traverse of the study area by correlated RGM-SO2(NOx) plumes, indicative of coal combustion sources.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Engle, M.A., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Geboy, N., Krabbenhotft, D.P., Bothner, M., and Tate, M., 2013, Atmospheric mercury and fine particulate matter in coastal New England: implications for mercury and trace element sources in the northeastern United States: Atmospheric Environment, v. 79, p. 760-768, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031.","startPage":"760","endPage":"768","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291127,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.697498,41.513339 ], [ -70.697498,41.546624 ], [ -70.639856,41.546624 ], [ -70.639856,41.513339 ], [ -70.697498,41.513339 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard 0000-0002-3819-992X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-992X","contributorId":78657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geboy, Nicholas J. ngeboy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geboy","given":"Nicholas J.","email":"ngeboy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhotft, David P.","contributorId":19887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhotft","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}