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The first phase consists of frequency-dependent characterization of the wave field in which dominant frequencies are estimated by Fourier transform while corresponding wave numbers are derived from spatial gradients in cross-spectral phase over analysis tiles that can be small, allowing high-spatial resolution. Coherent spatial structures at each frequency are extracted by frequency-dependent empirical orthogonal function (EOF). In phase two, depths are found that best fit weighted sets of frequency-wave number pairs. These are subsequently smoothed in time in phase 3 using a Kalman filter that fills gaps in coverage and objectively averages new estimates of variable quality with prior estimates. Objective confidence intervals are returned. Tests at Duck, NC, using 16 surveys collected over 2 years showed a bias and root-mean-square (RMS) error of 0.19 and 0.51 m, respectively but were largest near the offshore limits of analysis (roughly 500 m from the camera) and near the steep shoreline where analysis tiles mix information from waves, swash and static dry sand. Performance was excellent for small waves but degraded somewhat with increasing wave height. Sand bars and their small-scale alongshore variability were well resolved. A single ground truth survey from a dissipative, low-sloping beach (Agate Beach, OR) showed similar errors over a region that extended several kilometers from the camera and reached depths of 14 m. Vector wave number estimates can also be incorporated into data assimilation models of nearshore dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","doi":"10.1002/jgrc.20199","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., Holman, R., and Holland, K.T., 2013, cBathy: A robust algorithm for estimating nearshore bathymetry: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 118, no. 5, p. 2595-2609, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20199.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2595","endPage":"2609","ipdsId":"IP-040687","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291078,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20199"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Duck","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.776116,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.150973 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f287e4b0bc0bec0a0434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, Rob","contributorId":46432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"Rob","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, K. Todd","contributorId":68748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148415,"text":"70148415 - 2013 - Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T19:06:45","indexId":"70148415","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5","docAbstract":"

1. Introduction

\n
\n

1.1. FORMS, TOXICITY, AND HEALTH EFFECTS

\n

Mercury (Hg) has long been identified as an element that is injurious, even lethal, to living organisms. Exposure to its inorganic form, mainly from elemental Hg (Hg(0)) vapor (Fitzgerald & Lamborg, 2007) can cause damage to respiratory, neural, and renal systems (Hutton, 1987; USEPA, 2012; WHO, 2012). The organic form, methylmercury (CH3Hg+; MeHg), is substantially more toxic than the inorganic form (Fitzgerald & Lamborg, 2007). Methylmercury attacks the nervous system and exposure can prove lethal, as demonstrated by well-known incidents such as those in 1956 in Minimata, Japan (Harada, 1995), and 1971 in rural Iraq (Bakir et al., 1973), where, in the former, industrial release of MeHg into coastal waters severely tainted the fish caught and eaten by the local population, and in the latter, grain seed treated with an organic mercurial fungicide was not planted, but eaten in bread instead. Resultant deaths are not known with certainty but have been estimated at about 100 and 500, respectively (Hutton, 1987). Absent such lethal accidents, human exposure to MeHg comes mainly from ingestion of piscivorous fish in which MeHg has accumulated, with potential fetal damage ascribed to high fish diets during their mothers’ pregnancies (USEPA, 2001). Lesser human exposure occurs through ingestion of drinking water (USEPA, 2001), where concentrations of total Hg (THg; inorganic plus organic forms) typically are in the low nanograms-per-liter range[1] - , particularly from many groundwater sources, and concentrations at the microgram-per-liter level are rare.

\n
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability","language":"English","publisher":"InTech","doi":"10.5772/55487","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Szabo, Z., and Reilly, P.A., 2013, Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5, chap. of Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability, p. 117-149, https://doi.org/10.5772/55487.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041831","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c35e4b0ef3b7ca24c3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047262,"text":"ofr20131144 - 2013 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:45:43","indexId":"ofr20131144","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1144","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January to December 2012. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.\n\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and in M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2012, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported for previous time periods. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In 2012, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.\n\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 39-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the M. petalum community shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2012), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2012 is reflective of the species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2012 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of animals that consume the sediment, filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and brood their young. USGS scientists continue to observe the community’s response to the 2008 defaunation event because it allows them to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed in the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Thompson, J.K., Cain, D.J., Kleckner, A.E., Parcheso, F., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2013, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1144, vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131144.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131144.gif"},{"id":275489,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_tables.xlsx"},{"id":275490,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":275487,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/"},{"id":275488,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,36.75 ], [ -122.75,38.5 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -121.5,36.75 ], [ -122.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b28033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, Amy E. kleckner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Amy","email":"kleckner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047261,"text":"ofr20131150 - 2013 - Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:27:51","indexId":"ofr20131150","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1150","title":"Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"Naturalists in the 1800s described the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) as one of the most abundant forest birds, detected in forested areas from sea level to tree line across all the major Hawaiian Islands. However, in the late 1800s, ʻIʻiwi began to disappear from low elevation forests, and by the mid-1900s, the species was largely absent from low- and mid-elevation areas. Today, ʻIʻiwi are restricted to high-elevation forests on the islands of Hawaiʻi, east Maui, and Kauaʻi, with a few birds apparently persisting on Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, and west Maui. ʻIʻiwi are highly vulnerable to introduced disease, and the prevalence of avian malaria in low and mid-elevations is believed to be the cause of ʻIʻiwi being restricted to high elevations where temperatures are too cold for the development of the disease and its mosquito vector. With global warming, it is feared that the disease will move quickly into the high-elevation forests where the last ʻIʻiwi reside, threatening their viability. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was petitioned to list the ʻIʻiwi as an Endangered Species in 2010, and this report provides a comprehensive review of the abundance, distribution, and trends using historical survey data as well as the most recently available survey information (up to 2012). We estimate the total population size of ‘I‘iwi at 550,972–659,864 (mean = 605,418) individuals. Of these, 90 percent are on the island of Hawaiʻi, followed by east Maui (about 10 percent), with less than 1 percent on Kauaʻi. ʻIʻiwi population trends vary across the islands. ʻIʻiwi population in Kauaʻi has experienced sharp declines, with a projected trend of 92 percent decline over a 25 year period based on the 2000–2012 surveys. On East Maui, the northeastern region has experienced declines (34 percent over a 25 year period), while the southeastern region has been stable to moderately increasing. On the island of Hawaiʻi, population trends are mixed. On the windward side, populations are largely declining, although the northern section (Hakalau Forest) has stable populations. On the leeward side, results suggest a strongly increasing population, with estimates of as much as a 147 percent increase over a 25 year period from the Puʻu Waʻawaʻa region. However, it is unclear how much these results from the leeward side of Hawaiʻi show a population trend contrary to population trends in all other areas or are an artifact of a sparsely sampled area. Trends by elevation suggest a large decrease in numbers of ʻIʻiwi at elevations below 1,200 meters on Kauaʻi and northeast Maui. Low elevation ʻIʻiwi populations also appear to have decreased in other regions, although low-elevation areas are not surveyed as often as other areas because of their lack of native forest birds. An exception to this pattern was the lower portions of the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Kona Unit in the central leeward part of the island of Hawaiʻi, where populations appeared stable at the lower elevations. Based on the most recent surveys (up to 2012), approximately 50 percent of ʻIʻiwi live in a narrow, 500-meter band at elevations of 1,200–1,700 meters, suggesting that ʻIʻiwi are vulnerable to future shifts in climate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi Hilo","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., Gorresen, P.M., and Camp, R., 2013, Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1150, iv, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131150.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131150.jpg"},{"id":275484,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1150/"},{"id":275485,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1150/pdf/ofr20131150.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.31,18.91 ], [ -178.31,28.4 ], [ -154.81,28.4 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -178.31,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd1e4b0838938b2802b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047260,"text":"ofr20131129 - 2013 - Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:15:32","indexId":"ofr20131129","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1129","title":"Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","docAbstract":"Biomonitoring programs based on benthic macroinvertebrates are well-established worldwide. Their value, however, depends on the appropriateness of the analytical techniques used. All United States State, benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs were surveyed regarding the purposes of their programs, quality-assurance and quality-control procedures used, habitat and water-chemistry data collected, treatment of macroinvertebrate data prior to analysis, statistical methods used, and data-storage considerations. State regulatory mandates (59 percent of programs), biotic index development (17 percent), and Federal requirements (15 percent) were the most frequently reported purposes of State programs, with the specific tasks of satisfying the requirements for 305b/303d reports (89 percent), establishment and monitoring of total maximum daily loads, and developing biocriteria being the purposes most often mentioned. Most states establish reference sites (81 percent), but classify them using State-specific methods. The most often used technique for determining the appropriateness of a reference site was Best Professional Judgment (86 percent of these states). Macroinvertebrate samples are almost always collected by using a D-frame net, and duplicate samples are collected from approximately 10 percent of sites for quality assurance and quality control purposes. Most programs have macroinvertebrate samples processed by contractors (53 percent) and have identifications confirmed by a second taxonomist (85 percent). All States collect habitat data, with most using the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol visual-assessment approach, which requires ~1 h/site. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity are measured in more than 90 percent of programs. Wide variation exists in which taxa are excluded from analyses and the level of taxonomic resolution used. Species traits, such as functional feeding groups, are commonly used (96 percent), as are tolerance values for organic pollution (87 percent). Less often used are tolerance values for metals (28 percent). Benthic data are infrequently modified (34 percent) prior to analysis. Fixed-count subsampling is used widely (83 percent), with the number of organisms sorted ranging from 100 to 600 specimens. Most programs include a step during sample processing to acquire rare taxa (79 percent). Programs calculate from 2 to more than100 different metrics (mean 20), and most formulate a multimetric index (87 percent). Eleven of the 112 metrics reported represent 50 percent of all metrics considered to be useful, and most of these are based on richness or percent composition. Biotic indices and tolerance metrics are most oftenused in the eastern U.S., and functional and habitat-type metrics are most often used in the western U.S. Sixty-nine percent of programs analyze their data in-house, typically performing correlations and regressions, and few use any form of data transformation (34 percent). Fifty-one percent of the programs use multivariate analyses, typically non-metric multi-dimensional scaling. All programs have electronic data storage. Most programs use the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (75 percent) for nomenclature and to update historical data (78 percent). State procedures represent a diversity of biomonitoring approaches which likely compromises comparability among programs. A national-state consensus is needed for: (1) developing methods for the identification of reference conditions and reference sites, (2) standardization in determining and reporting species richness, (3) testing and documenting both the theoretical and mechanistic basis of often-used metrics, (4) development of properly replicated point-source study designs, and (5) curation of benthic macroinvertebrate data, including reference and voucher collections, for successful evaluation of future environmental changes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131129","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.L., and Resh, V.H., 2013, Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1129, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131129.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131129.png"},{"id":275481,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/"},{"id":275482,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/pdf/ofr20131129.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b2802f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047222,"text":"70047222 - 2013 - Susceptibility of eastern U.S. habitats to invasion of Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) following fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T15:44:09","indexId":"70047222","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Susceptibility of eastern U.S. habitats to invasion of Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) following fire","docAbstract":"Fire effects on invasive species are an important land management issue in areas subjected to prescribed fires as well as wildfires. These effects on invasive species can be manifested across life stages. The liana Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) is a widespread invader of eastern US habitats including those where fire management is in practice. This study examined if prescribed fire makes these habitats more susceptible to invasion of C. orbiculatus by seed at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Four treatments (control, litter removed, high and low intensity fire) were applied in six habitat types (sand savanna/woodland, sand prairie, moraine prairie, sand oak forest, beech-maple forest, and oak-hickory forest) and germinating seedlings were tracked over two growing seasons. Treatment did not have a significant effect on the germination, survival, or biomass of C. orbiculatus. However, habitat type did influence these responses mostly in the first growing season. Moraine prairie, beech-maple forest, and oak-hickory forests had the greatest peak percentage of germinants. Moraine prairie had significantly greater survival than oak forest and savanna habitats. Control plots with intact litter, and the moraine prairie habitat had the tallest seedlings at germination, while tallest final heights and greatest aboveground biomass were highest in oak forest. Thus, fire and litter removal did not increase the susceptibility of these habitats to germination and survival of C. orbiculatus. These results indicate that most eastern US habitats are vulnerable to invasion by this species via seed regardless of the level or type of disturbance to the litter layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019","usgsCitation":"Leicht-Young, S.A., Pavlovic, N.B., and Grundel, R., 2013, Susceptibility of eastern U.S. habitats to invasion of Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) following fire: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 302, p. 85-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-044634","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275475,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.222797,41.609748 ], [ -87.222797,41.68438 ], [ -87.009077,41.68438 ], [ -87.009077,41.609748 ], [ -87.222797,41.609748 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"302","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ee4b0a32220222f3f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Leicht-Young Stacey A., Pavlovic Noel B., Grundel Ralph","journalName":"Forest Ecology and Management","publicationDate":"8/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046824,"text":"70046824 - 2013 - TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T08:58:34","indexId":"70046824","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"On 19 March 2008, a small explosive eruption at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, heralded the formation of a new vent along the east wall of Halema‘uma‘u Crater. In the ensuing years, the vent widened due to collapses of the unstable rim and conduit wall; some collapses impacted an actively circulating lava pond and resulted in small explosive events. We used synthetic aperture radar data collected by the TerraSAR-X satellite, a joint venture between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium, to identify and analyze small-scale surface deformation around the new vent during 2008-2012. Lidar data were used to construct a digital elevation model to correct for topographic phase, allowing us to generate differential interferograms with a spatial resolution of about 3 m in Kīlauea's summit area. These interferograms reveal subsidence within about 100 m of the rim of the vent. Small baseline subset time series analysis suggests that the subsidence rate is not constant and, over time, may provide an indication of vent stability and potential for rim and wall collapse -- information with obvious hazard implications. The deformation is not currently detectable by other space- or ground-based techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/grl.50286","usgsCitation":"Richter, N., Poland, M., and Lundgren, P.R., 2013, TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1279-1283, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50286.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1279","endPage":"1283","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042377","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50286"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.5,19.166667 ], [ -155.5,19.5 ], [ -154.833333,19.5 ], [ -154.833333,19.166667 ], [ -155.5,19.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Nichole","contributorId":40495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Nichole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lundgren, Paul R.","contributorId":68199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047213,"text":"70047213 - 2013 - The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T14:35:26","indexId":"70047213","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","docAbstract":"Natural hazards and climate change present growing challenges to community water system (CWS) managers, who are increasingly turning to vulnerability assessments to identify, prioritize, and adapt to risks. Effectively assessing CWS vulnerability requires information and participation from various sources, one of which is stakeholders. In this article, we present a deliberative risk-ranking methodology, the participatory vulnerability scoping diagram (P-VSD), which allows rapid assessment and integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives of vulnerability. This technique is based on methods of deliberative risk evaluation and the vulnerability scoping diagram. The goal of the methodology is to engage CWS managers and stakeholders collectively to provide qualitative contextual risk rankings as a first step in a vulnerability assessment. We conduct an initial assessment using a case study of CWS in two U.S. counties, sites with broadly similar exposures but differences in population, land use, and other social sensitivity factors. Results demonstrate that CWS managers and stakeholders in the two case study communities all share the belief that their CWS are vulnerable to hazards but differ in how this vulnerability manifests itself in terms of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2013.754673","usgsCitation":"Howe, P.D., Yarnal, B., Coletti, A., and Wood, N.J., 2013, The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 2, no. 103, p. 343-352, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-032858","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673"}],"volume":"2","issue":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, Peter D.","contributorId":60931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, Alex","contributorId":69866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047250,"text":"70047250 - 2013 - Strongly gliding harmonic tremor during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T15:04:12","indexId":"70047250","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strongly gliding harmonic tremor during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano","docAbstract":"During the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, gliding harmonic tremor occurred prominently before six nearly consecutive explosions during the second half of the eruptive sequence. The fundamental frequency repeatedly glided upward from < 1 Hz to as high as 30 Hz in less than 10 min, followed by a relative seismic quiescence of 10 to 60 s immediately prior to explosion. High frequency (5 to 20 Hz) gliding returned during the extrusive phase, and lasted for 20 min to 3 h at a time. Although harmonic tremor is not uncommon at volcanoes, tremor at such high frequencies is a rare observation. These frequencies approach or exceed the plausible upper limits of many models that have been suggested for volcanic tremor. We also analyzed the behavior of a swarm of repeating earthquakes that immediately preceded the first instance of pre-explosion gliding harmonic tremor. We find that these earthquakes share several traits with upward gliding harmonic tremor, and favor the explanation that the gliding harmonic tremor at Redoubt Volcano is created by the superposition of increasingly frequent and regular, repeating stick–slip earthquakes through the Dirac comb effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.001","usgsCitation":"Hotovec, A.J., Prejean, S.G., Vidale, J.E., and Gomberg, J.S., 2013, Strongly gliding harmonic tremor during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-038591","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275470,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.0,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.616667 ], [ -152.333333,60.616667 ], [ -152.333333,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.416667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"259","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ee4b0a32220222f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotovec, Alicia J.","contributorId":88039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vidale, John E.","contributorId":48850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046957,"text":"70046957 - 2013 - Strategies for fitting nonlinear ecological models in R, AD Model Builder, and BUGS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T14:32:35","indexId":"70046957","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strategies for fitting nonlinear ecological models in R, AD Model Builder, and BUGS","docAbstract":"1. Ecologists often use nonlinear fitting techniques to estimate the parameters of complex ecological models, with attendant frustration. This paper compares three open-source model fitting tools and discusses general strategies for defining and fitting models. \n
\n2. R is convenient and (relatively) easy to learn, AD Model Builder is fast and robust but comes with a steep learning curve, while BUGS provides the greatest flexibility at the price of speed. \n
\n3. Our model-fitting suggestions range from general cultural advice (where possible, use the tools and models that are most common in your subfield) to specific suggestions about how to change the mathematical description of models to make them more amenable to parameter estimation. \n
\n4. A companion web site (https://groups.nceas.ucsb.edu/nonlinear-modeling/projects) presents detailed examples of application of the three tools to a variety of typical ecological estimation problems; each example links both to a detailed project report and to full source code and data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12044","usgsCitation":"Bolker, B.M., Gardner, B., Maunder, M., Berg, C.W., Brooks, M., Comita, L., Crone, E., Cubaynes, S., Davies, T., de Valpine, P., Ford, J., Gimenez, O., Kéry, M., Kim, E.J., Lennert-Cody, C., Magunsson, A., Martell, S., Nash, J., Nielson, A., Regentz, J., Skaug, H., and Zipkin, E., 2013, Strategies for fitting nonlinear ecological models in R, AD Model Builder, and BUGS: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 6, p. 501-512, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12044.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043950","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274828,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12044/abstract"},{"id":275466,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12044"}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5de4b0a32220222f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolker, Benjamin 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W.","contributorId":30893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Casper","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Mollie","contributorId":20633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Mollie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Comita, Liza","contributorId":69868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comita","given":"Liza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crone, Elizabeth","contributorId":62906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cubaynes, 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Arni","contributorId":56954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magunsson","given":"Arni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Martell, Steve","contributorId":33606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martell","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Nash, John","contributorId":17122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Nielson, Anders","contributorId":34410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Anders","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Regentz, 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success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:24:12","indexId":"fs20133049","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T14:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3049","title":"Tallgrass prairie restoration: seeding for success","docAbstract":"Tallgrass prairie is one of the most imperiled ecosystems on Earth. A 2004 estimate indicated that only 2.4 percent of the original northern tallgrass prairie remained in the United States. If tallgrass prairie and the species dependent on it are to survive, management must include restoration of cropland and degraded prairies, in addition to preservation of the few remaining fragments. Despite the importance of restoration and its long history (the first tallgrass prairie restoration was started in 1935 at Curtis Prairie in Wisconsin), few studies have been undertaken with the goal of refining restoration practice. This fact sheet contains the results of one such study, started in 2005, in which we compared three seeding methods (dormant-season broadcast, growing-season broadcast, and growing-season drill) fully crossed with low (10-), medium (20-), and high (34-species) seed mixes replicated 12 times on each of 9 former agricultural fields in Minnesota and Iowa. Plots were 12.2 x 12.2 meters (m) and occupied about 1.6 hectares (ha) (4 acres) of each field. A “successful” restoration is one in which cover and richness of planted species is maximized and cover of exotic and invasive species, especially the noxious weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), is minimized. Details of the planting methods can be located in Larson and others (2011).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133049","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., 2013, Tallgrass prairie restoration: seeding for success: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3049, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133049.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133049.gif"},{"id":275463,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3049/"},{"id":275464,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3049/pdf/fs2013-3049.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,40.53 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -89.49,49.38 ], [ -89.49,40.53 ], [ -97.24,40.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ee4b0a32220222f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047078,"text":"70047078 - 2013 - Spatial education: improving conservation delivery through space-structured decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:00:56","indexId":"70047078","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial education: improving conservation delivery through space-structured decision making","docAbstract":"Adaptive management is a form of structured decision making designed to guide management of natural resource systems when their behaviors are uncertain. Where decision making can be replicated across units of a landscape, learning can be accelerated, and biological processes can be understood in a larger spatial context. Broad-based partnerships among land management agencies, exemplified by Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (conservation partnerships created through the U.S. Department of the Interior), are potentially ideal environments for implementing spatially structured adaptive management programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/082012-JFWM-069","usgsCitation":"Moore, C., Shaffer, T.L., and Gannon, J., 2013, Spatial education: improving conservation delivery through space-structured decision making: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 199-210, https://doi.org/10.3996/082012-JFWM-069.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-043204","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/082012-jfwm-069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275459,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/082012-JFWM-069"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5de4b0a32220222f33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gannon, Jill J.","contributorId":12722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Jill J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047248,"text":"70047248 - 2013 - Seismic observations of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska - 1989-2010 and a conceptual model of the Redoubt magmatic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:48:49","indexId":"70047248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic observations of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska - 1989-2010 and a conceptual model of the Redoubt magmatic system","docAbstract":"Seismic activity at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, has been closely monitored since 1989 by a network of five to ten seismometers within 22 km of the volcano's summit. Major eruptions occurred in 1989-1990 and 2009 and were characterized by large volcanic explosions, episodes of lava dome growth and failure, pyroclastic flows, and lahars.\n\nSeismic features of the 1989-1990 eruption were 1) weak precursory tremor and a short, 23-hour-long, intense swarm of repetitive shallow long-period (LP) events centered 1.4 km below the crater floor, 2) shallow volcano-tectonic (VT) and hybrid earthquakes that separated early episodes of dome growth, 3) 13 additional swarms of LP events at shallow depths precursory to many of the 25 explosions that occurred over the more than 128 day duration of eruptive activity, and 4) a persistent cluster of VT earthquakes at 6 to 9 km depth.\n\nIn contrast the 2009 eruption was preceded by a pronounced increase in deep-LP (DLP) events at lower crustal depths (25 to 38 km) that began in mid-December 2008, two months of discontinuous shallow volcanic tremor that started on January 23, 2009, a strong phreatic explosion on March 15, and a 58-hour-long swarm of repetitive shallow LP events. The 2009 eruption consisted of at least 23 major explosions between March 23 and April 5, again accompanied by shallow VT earthquakes, several episodes of shallow repetitive LP events and dome growth continuing until mid July. Increased VT earthquakes at 4 to 9 km depth began slowly in early April, possibly defining a mid-crustal magma source zone.\n\nMagmatic processes associated with the 2009 eruption seismically activated the same portions of the Redoubt magmatic system as the 1989-1990 eruption, although the time scales and intensity vary considerably among the two eruptions. The occurrence of precursory DLP events suggests that the 2009 eruption may have involved the rise of magma from lower crustal depths. Based on the evolution of seismicity during the 1989-1990 and 2009 eruptions the Redoubt magmatic system is envisioned to consist of a shallow system of cracks extending 1 to 2 km below the crater floor, a magma storage or source region at roughly 3 to 9 km depth, and a diffuse magma source region at 25 to 38 km depth. Close tracking of seismic activity allowed the Alaska Volcano Observatory to successfully issue warnings prior to many of the hazardous explosive events that occurred in 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.014","usgsCitation":"Power, J.A., Stihler, S.D., Chouet, B.A., Haney, M., and Ketner, D., 2013, Seismic observations of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska - 1989-2010 and a conceptual model of the Redoubt magmatic system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 31-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.014.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"14","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-07-01","ipdsId":"IP-040457","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275457,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.014"},{"id":275458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.0,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.583333 ], [ -153.5,60.583333 ], [ -153.5,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.416667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"259","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M.","contributorId":107584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ketner, D.M.","contributorId":18655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047172,"text":"70047172 - 2013 - River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:08:14","indexId":"70047172","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The effects of land and water management practices (LWMP)—such as the construction of dams and roads—on river flows typically have been studied at the scale of single river watersheds or for a single type of LWMP. For the most part, assessments of the relative effects of multiple LWMP within many river watersheds across regional and national scales have been lacking. This study assesses flow alteration—quantified as deviation of several flow metrics from natural conditions—at 4196 gauged rivers affected by a variety of LWMP across the conterminous United States. The most widespread causes of flow changes among the LWMP considered were road density and dams. Agricultural development and wastewater discharges also were associated with flow changes in some regions. Dams generally reduced most attributes of flow, whereas road density, agriculture and wastewater discharges tended to be associated with increased flows compared to their natural condition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","usgsCitation":"Eng, K., Wolock, D.M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2013, River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 463-464, p. 414-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"422","ipdsId":"IP-045920","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275451,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001"},{"id":275452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275309,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713006530"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"463-464","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f23","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Eng Ken, Wolock David M., Carlisle Daren M.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"10/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046908,"text":"70046908 - 2013 - Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: a comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:01:41","indexId":"70046908","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: a comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services","docAbstract":"Recent ecosystem services research has highlighted the importance of spatial connectivity between ecosystems and their beneficiaries. Despite this need, a systematic approach to ecosystem service flow quantification has not yet emerged. In this article, we present such an approach, which we formalize as a class of agent-based models termed “Service Path Attribution Networks” (SPANs). These models, developed as part of the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) project, expand on ecosystem services classification terminology introduced by other authors. Conceptual elements needed to support flow modeling include a service's rivalness, its flow routing type (e.g., through hydrologic or transportation networks, lines of sight, or other approaches), and whether the benefit is supplied by an ecosystem's provision of a beneficial flow to people or by absorption of a detrimental flow before it reaches them. We describe our implementation of the SPAN framework for five ecosystem services and discuss how to generalize the approach to additional services. SPAN model outputs include maps of ecosystem service provision, use, depletion, and flows under theoretical, possible, actual, inaccessible, and blocked conditions. We highlight how these different ecosystem service flow maps could be used to support various types of decision making for conservation and resource management planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Services","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Johnson, G.W., Voigt, B., and Villa, F., 2013, Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: a comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services: Ecosystem Services, v. 4, p. 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-037480","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275448,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012"},{"id":275450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274717,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041612000174"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5de4b0a32220222f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Gary W.","contributorId":90618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voigt, Brian","contributorId":102962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voigt","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando","contributorId":84249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047218,"text":"70047218 - 2013 - Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T12:44:35","indexId":"70047218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T12:32:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2454,"text":"Journal of Separation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","docAbstract":"Pheromones guide adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to suitable spawning streams and mates, and therefore, when quantified, can be used to assess population size and guide management. Here, we present an efficient sample preparation method where 100 mL of river water was spiked with deuterated pheromone as an internal standard and underwent rapid field-based SPE and elution in the field. The combination of field extraction with laboratory UPLC-MS/MS reduced the sample consumption from 1 to 0.1 L, decreased the sample process time from more than 1 h to 10 min, and increased the precision and accuracy. The sensitivity was improved more than one order of magnitude compared with the previous method. The influences of experimental conditions were assessed to optimize the separation and peak shapes. The analytical method has been validated by studies of stability, selectivity, precision, and linearity and by the determination of the limits of detection and quantification. The method was used to quantify pheromone concentration from five streams tributary to Lake Ontario and to estimate that the environmental half-life of 3kPZS is about 26 h.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Separation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jssc.201300110","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Johnson, N., Bernardy, J., Hubert, T., and Li, W., 2013, Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS: Journal of Separation Science, v. 36, no. 9-10, p. 1612-1620, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1612","endPage":"1620","ipdsId":"IP-044840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275446,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":101545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas","contributorId":95781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardy, Jeffrey","contributorId":35216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, Terry","contributorId":18653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047247,"text":"70047247 - 2013 - Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:54:47","indexId":"70047247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high elevations sites in northern California. All sites sampled are located downwind of California's highly agricultural Central Valley and receive inputs of pesticides through precipitation and/or dry deposition. Whole frog tissue, water, and sediment were analyzed for more than 90 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two fungicides, pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole, and one herbicide, simazine, were the most frequently detected pesticides in tissue samples. Median pesticide concentration ranged from 13 µg/kg to 235 µg/kg wet weight. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were the only 2 compounds observed frequently in frog tissue and sediment. Significant spatial differences in tissue concentration were observed, which corresponded to pesticide use in the upwind counties. Data generated indicated that amphibians residing in remote locations are exposed to and capable of accumulating current-use pesticides. A comparison of P. regilla tissue concentrations with water and sediment data indicated that the frogs are accumulating pesticides and are potentially a more reliable indicator of exposure to this group of pesticides than either water or sediment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.2308","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., and Kuivila, K., 2013, Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 2026-2034, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2026","endPage":"2034","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275441,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.53,32.53 ], [ -124.53,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.53,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c52e4b0a32220222f0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047246,"text":"ofr20131152 - 2013 - Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:57:58","indexId":"ofr20131152","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1152","title":"Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","docAbstract":"We evaluate the potential for serious games to be used as a scientifically based decision-support product that supports the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) mission--to provide integrated, unbiased scientific information that can make a substantial contribution to societal well-being for a wide variety of complex environmental challenges. Serious or pedagogical games are an engaging way to educate decisionmakers and stakeholders about environmental challenges that are usefully informed by natural and social scientific information and knowledge and can be designed to promote interactive learning and exploration in the face of large uncertainties, divergent values, and complex situations. We developed two serious games that use challenging environmental-planning issues to demonstrate and investigate the potential contributions of serious games to inform regional-planning decisions. Delta Skelta is a game emulating long-term integrated environmental planning in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, that incorporates natural hazards (flooding and earthquakes) and consequences for California water supplies amidst conflicting water interests. Age of Ecology is a game that simulates interactions between economic and ecologic processes, as well as natural hazards while implementing agent-based modeling. The content of these games spans the USGS science mission areas related to water, ecosystems, natural hazards, land use, and climate change. We describe the games, reflect on design and informational aspects, and comment on their potential usefulness. During the process of developing these games, we identified various design trade-offs involving factual information, strategic thinking, game-winning criteria, elements of fun, number and type of players, time horizon, and uncertainty. We evaluate the two games in terms of accomplishments and limitations. Overall, we demonstrated the potential for these games to usefully represent scientific information within challenging environmental and ecosystem-management contexts and to provide an interactive way of learning about the complexity of interactions between people and natural systems. Further progress on the use of pedagogical games to fulfill the USGS mission will require collaboration among scientists, game developers, educators, and stakeholders. We conclude that as the USGS positions itself to communicate and convey the results of multiple science strategies, including natural-resource security and sustainability, pedagogical game development and agent-based modeling offer a means to (1) establish interdisciplinary and collaborative teams with a focused integrated outcome; (2) contribute to the modeling of interaction, feedback, and adaptation of ecosystems; and (3) enable social learning through a broadly appealing and increasingly sophisticated medium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131152","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., and Labiosa, W., 2013, Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1152, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131152.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131152.bmp"},{"id":275443,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/pdf/ofr20131152.pdf"},{"id":275444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labiosa, William","contributorId":26421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047238,"text":"70047238 - 2013 - Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T13:39:37","indexId":"70047238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T10:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Chemical data from soil and weathered waste material samples collected from five uranium mines north of the Grand Canyon (three reclaimed, one mined but not reclaimed, and one never mined) were used in a screening-level risk analysis for the Arizona chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps leucotis); risks from radiation exposure were not evaluated. Dietary toxicity reference values were used to estimate soil-screening thresholds presenting risk to kangaroo rats. Sensitivity analyses indicated that body weight critically affected outcomes of exposed-dose calculations; juvenile kangaroo rats were more sensitive to the inorganic constituent toxicities than adult kangaroo rats. Species-specific soil-screening thresholds were derived for arsenic (137 mg/kg), cadmium (16 mg/kg), copper (1,461 mg/kg), lead (1,143 mg/kg), nickel (771 mg/kg), thallium (1.3 mg/kg), uranium (1,513 mg/kg), and zinc (731 mg/kg) using toxicity reference values that incorporate expected chronic field exposures. Inorganic contaminants in soils within and near the mine areas generally posed minimal risk to kangaroo rats. Most exceedances of soil thresholds were for arsenic and thallium and were associated with weathered mine wastes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Linder, G.L., Otton, J.K., Finger, S.E., Little, E.E., and Tillitt, D.E., 2013, Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 332-344, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-041377","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275433,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5"},{"id":275434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Kanab South Pipe;Kanab North Mine;Pigeon Mine;Hermit Mine;Hack Canyon Mine Complex","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.815578,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.175073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766 jhinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":2743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"jhinck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047235,"text":"70047235 - 2013 - Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:53:41","indexId":"70047235","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T08:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","docAbstract":"Pervasive warming can lead to chronic stress on forest trees, which may contribute to mortality resulting from fire-caused injuries. Longitudinal analyses of forest plots from across the western US show that high pre-fire climatic water deficit was related to increased post-fire tree mortality probabilities. This relationship between climate and fire was present after accounting for fire defences and injuries, and appeared to influence the effects of crown and stem injuries. Climate and fire interactions did not vary substantially across geographical regions, major genera and tree sizes. Our findings support recent physiological evidence showing that both drought and heating from fire can impair xylem conductivity. Warming trends have been linked to increasing probabilities of severe fire weather and fire spread; our results suggest that warming may also increase forest fire severity (the number of trees killed) independent of fire intensity (the amount of heat released during a fire).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ele.12151","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Nesmith, J.C., Keifer, M., Knapp, E.E., Flint, A., and Flint, L., 2013, Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States: Ecology Letters, v. 16, no. 9, p. 1151-1156, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":541,"text":"Redwood Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275420,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151"},{"id":275421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Philip J.","contributorId":78199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.","contributorId":88618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesmith","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"C. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keifer, MaryBeth","contributorId":21841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keifer","given":"MaryBeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Eric E.","contributorId":80570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":6746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047226,"text":"70047226 - 2013 - Evaluation of the rhenium-osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T08:26:42","indexId":"70047226","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T08:20:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the rhenium-osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) geochronometry is applied to crude oils derived from the Permian Phosphoria Formation of the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming and Montana to determine whether the radiogenic age reflects the timing of petroleum generation, timing of migration, age of the source rock, or the timing of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The oils selected for this study are interpreted to be derived from the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale and Retort Phosphatic Shale Members of the Phosphoria Formation based on oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations utilizing bulk properties, elemental composition, δ13C and δ34S values, and biomarker distributions. The δ34S values of the oils range from -6.2‰ to +5.7‰, with oils heavier than -2‰ interpreted to be indicative of TSR. The Re and Os isotope data of the Phosphoria oils plot in two general trends: (1) the main trend (n = 15 oils) yielding a Triassic age (239 ± 43 Ma) with an initial 187Os/188Os value of 0.85 ± 0.42 and a mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) of 1596, and (2) the Torchlight trend (n = 4 oils) yielding a Miocene age (9.24 ± 0.39 Ma) with an initial 187Os/188Os value of 1.88 ± 0.01 and a MSWD of 0.05. The scatter (high MSWD) in the main-trend regression is due, in part, to TSR in reservoirs along the eastern margin of the basin. Excluding oils that have experienced TSR, the regression is significantly improved, yielding an age of 211 ± 21 Ma with a MSWD of 148. This revised age is consistent with some studies that have proposed Late Triassic as the beginning of Phosphoria oil generation and migration, and does not seem to reflect the source rock age (Permian) or the timing of re-migration (Late Cretaceous to Eocene) associated with the Laramide orogeny. The low precision of the revised regression (±21 Ma) is not unexpected for this oil family given the long duration of generation from a large geographic area of mature Phosphoria source rock, and the possible range in the initial 187Os/188Os values of the Meade Peak and Retort source units. Effects of re-migration may have contributed to the scatter, but thermal cracking and biodegradation likely have had minimal or no effect on the main-trend regression. The four Phosphoria-sourced oils from Torchlight and Lamb fields yield a precise Miocene age Re-Os isochron that may reflect the end of TSR in the reservoir due to cooling below a threshold temperature in the last 10 m.y. from uplift and erosion of overlying rocks.\n\nThe mechanism for the formation of a Re-Os isotopic relationship in a family of crude oils may involve multiple steps in the petroleum generation process. Bitumen generation from the source rock kerogen may provide a reset of the isotopic chronometer, and incremental expulsion of oil over the duration of the oil window may provide some of the variation seen in 187Re/188Os values from an oil family.","language":"English","publisher":"Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","usgsCitation":"Lillis, P.G., and Selby, D., 2013, Evaluation of the rhenium-osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 118, p. 312-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-040413","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275412,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.9988,43.8562 ], [ -109.9988,44.9262 ], [ -106.7276,44.9262 ], [ -106.7276,43.8562 ], [ -109.9988,43.8562 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f17","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Lillis Paul G., Selby David","journalName":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","publicationDate":"10/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014","publiclyAccessibleDate":"7/22/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":58167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047216,"text":"70047216 - 2013 - A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T08:09:28","indexId":"70047216","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","docAbstract":"We analyzed observed daily evapotranspiration (DET) at 18 sites having measured DET and ancillary climate data and then used these data to compare the performance of three common methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET): the Turc method (Tc), the Priestley-Taylor method (PT) and the Penman-Monteith method (PM). The sites were distributed throughout the State of Florida and represent a variety of land cover types: open water (3), marshland (4), grassland/pasture (4), citrus (2) and forest (5). Not surprisingly, the highest DET values occurred at the open water sites, ranging from an average of 3.3 mm d-1 in the winter to 5.3 mm d-1 in the spring. DET at the marsh sites was also high, ranging from 2.7 mm d-1 in winter to 4.4 mm d-1 in summer. The lowest DET occurred in the winter and fall seasons at the grass sites (1.3 mm d-1 and 2.0 mm d-1, respectively) and at the forested sites (1.8 mm d-1 and 2.3 mm d-1, respectively). The performance of the three methods when applied to conditions close to PET (Bowen ratio ≤ 1) was used to judge relative merit. Under such PET conditions, annually aggregated Tc and PT methods perform comparably and outperform the PM method, possibly due to the sensitivity of the PM method to the limited transferability of previously determined model parameters. At a daily scale, the PT performance appears to be superior to the other two methods for estimating PET for a variety of land covers in Florida.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029","usgsCitation":"Douglas, E.M., Jacobs, J.M., Sumner, D.M., and Ray, R.L., 2013, A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 366-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-004364","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275413,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.6349,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e2e4b0279fe2e1bfbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Ellen M.","contributorId":57344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, Jennifer M.","contributorId":86245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ray, Ram L.","contributorId":21850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Ram","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118122,"text":"70118122 - 2013 - Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:57:08","indexId":"70118122","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1351,"text":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","docAbstract":"The archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” is located within the Albacete province (SE of Spain) and \nshows a continuous time record of ancient civilizations from 3500 yr BP onwards. However, three temporal \ngaps were identified in this archaeological record, all of them in relationship with a sudden and unclear \nabandonment of the city (Centuries 1st, 7th and 9-10th). The Archaeological Earthquake Effects (EAEs) supports \nthe possibility that moderate to strong earthquakes were the cause of such abandonments: oriented columns \nfallen, collapsed walls and arches, abandonment of irrigation systems and fresh-water supplies, crashed \npottery, etc. Despite of the scarce of instrumental seismicity and a few historical chronicles, paleoseismic \nstudies performed in the neighbouring zone (Tobarra) suggest the presence of closer seismic sources as faults \n(Pozohondo Fault) affecting Quaternary alluvial, lacustrine deposits and colluviums. In this work, we propose \nthe possibility that three moderate earthquakes devastated the ancient Roman city of Ilunum (Century 1st AD), \nthe Visigothic city of Elo (Century 7th AD) and the Islamic city of Madinat Iyih (Century 9th-10thAD), all of them \nthe same place: “El Tolmo de Minateda”.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M., Abad Casal, L., Perez-Lopez, R., Gamo Parra, B., Silva, P., Garduño-Monroy, V., Giner-Robles, J.L., Perucha, M., Israde-Alcántara, I., Bischoff, J., and Calvo, J.P., 2013, Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain): Cuaternario y Geomorfologia, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 83-90.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291045,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259561555_Roman_Visigothic_and_Islamic_evidence_of_earthquakes_recorded_in_the_archaeological_site_of_El_Tolmo_de_Minateda_(Prebetic_Zone_southeast_of_Spain)"}],"otherGeospatial":"Albacete Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -1.88628,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,38.971483 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M.A.","contributorId":36853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Pascua","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abad Casal, L.","contributorId":102809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abad Casal","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez-Lopez, R.","contributorId":40039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Lopez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamo Parra, B.","contributorId":9183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamo Parra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, P.G.","contributorId":17158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garduño-Monroy, V.H.","contributorId":65015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garduño-Monroy","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giner-Robles, J. L.","contributorId":22602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giner-Robles","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perucha, M.A.","contributorId":33636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perucha","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Israde-Alcántara, I.","contributorId":60422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israde-Alcántara","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bischoff, J.","contributorId":32730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Calvo, J. P.","contributorId":24136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70118114,"text":"70118114 - 2013 - Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galería site, Atapuerca, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:45:23","indexId":"70118114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2337,"text":"Journal of Human Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galería site, Atapuerca, Spain","docAbstract":"

The Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain, is known from many prehistoric and palaeontological sites documenting human prehistory in Europe. Three major sites, Gran Dolina, Galería and Sima del Elefante, range in age from the oldest hominin of Western Europe dated to 1.1 to 1.3 Ma (millions of years ago) at Sima del Elefante to c.a. 0.2 Ma on the top of the Galería archaeological sequence. Recently, a chronology based on luminescence methods (Thermoluminescence [TL] and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence [IRSL]) applied to cave sediments was published for the Gran Dolina and Galería sites. The authors proposed for Galería an age of 450 ka (thousands of years ago) for the units lower GIII and GII, suggesting that the human occupation there is younger than the hominid remains of Sima de los Huesos (>530 ka) around 1 km away.

\n
\n

In this paper, we present new results obtained by combined Electron Spin Resonance/Uranium-series (ESR/U-series) dating on 20 herbivorous teeth from different levels at the Galería site. They are in agreement with the TL results for the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence (GIV and GIIIb), in the range of between 200 and 250 ka. But for the GIIIa to GIIb levels, the TL ages become abruptly older by 200 ka while ESR ages remain relatively constant. Finally, the TL and ESR data agree in the lowest part of the section (GIIa); both fall in the range of around 350–450 ka. Our results suggest a different interpretation for the GII, GIII and GIV units of Galería and the upper part of Gran Dolina (TD10 and TD11) than obtained by TL. The ESR/U-series results are supported by a Bayesian analysis, which allows a better integration between stratigraphic information and radiometric data.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Human Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Eslevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.005","usgsCitation":"Falguères, C., Bahain, J., Bischoff, J.L., Perez-Gonzalez, A., Ortega, A.I., Olle, A., Quilles, A., Ghaleb, B., Moreno, D., Dolo, J., Shao, Q., Vallverdu, J., Carbonell, E., Maria Bermudez de Castro, J., and Arsuaga, J.L., 2013, Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galería site, Atapuerca, Spain: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 65, no. 2, p. 168-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291043,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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Jean-Jacques","contributorId":20668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahain","given":"Jean-Jacques","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perez-Gonzalez, Alfredo","contributorId":11129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Gonzalez","given":"Alfredo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ortega, Ana Isabel","contributorId":15539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortega","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"Isabel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olle, Andreu","contributorId":13904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olle","given":"Andreu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quilles, Anita","contributorId":83450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quilles","given":"Anita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ghaleb, Bassam","contributorId":76662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghaleb","given":"Bassam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moreno, Davinia","contributorId":43687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreno","given":"Davinia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dolo, Jean-Michel","contributorId":19885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolo","given":"Jean-Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shao, Qingfeng","contributorId":54521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shao","given":"Qingfeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vallverdu, Josep","contributorId":28177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallverdu","given":"Josep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Carbonell, Eudald","contributorId":106814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbonell","given":"Eudald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Maria Bermudez de Castro, Jose","contributorId":17159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maria Bermudez de Castro","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Arsuaga, Juan Luis","contributorId":90229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arsuaga","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Luis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70118105,"text":"70118105 - 2013 - Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:29:11","indexId":"70118105","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago","docAbstract":"Airbursts/impacts by a fragmented comet or asteroid have been proposed at the Younger Dryas onset (12.80 ± 0.15 ka) based on identification of an assemblage of impact-related proxies, including microspherules, nanodiamonds, and iridium. Distributed across four continents at the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB), spherule peaks have been independently confirmed in eight studies, but unconfirmed in two others, resulting in continued dispute about their occurrence, distribution, and origin. To further address this dispute and better identify YDB spherules, we present results from one of the largest spherule investigations ever undertaken regarding spherule geochemistry, morphologies, origins, and processes of formation. We investigated 18 sites across North America, Europe, and the Middle East, performing nearly 700 analyses on spherules using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for geochemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy for surface microstructural characterization. Twelve locations rank among the world’s premier end-Pleistocene archaeological sites, where the YDB marks a hiatus in human occupation or major changes in site use. Our results are consistent with melting of sediments to temperatures >2,200 °C by the thermal radiation and air shocks produced by passage of an extraterrestrial object through the atmosphere; they are inconsistent with volcanic, cosmic, anthropogenic, lightning, or authigenic sources. We also produced spherules from wood in the laboratory at >1,730 °C, indicating that impact-related incineration of biomass may have contributed to spherule production. At 12.8 ka, an estimated 10 million tonnes of spherules were distributed across ∼50 million square kilometers, similar to well-known impact strewnfields and consistent with a major cosmic impact event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wittke, J.H., Weaver, J., Bunch, T.E., Kennett, J.P., Kennett, D.J., Moore, A., Hillman, G.C., Tankersly, K.B., Goodyear, A.C., Moore, C.R., Daniel, I.R., Ray, J.H., Lopinot, N.H., Ferraro, D., Israde-Alcantara, I., Bischoff, J.L., DeCarli, P.S., Hermes, R.E., Kloosterman, J.B., Revay, Z., Howard, G.A., Kimbel, D.R., Kletetschka, G., Nabelek, L., Lipo, C.P., Sakai, S., West, A., and Firestone, R., 2013, Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 110, no. 23, p. E2088-E2097.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"E2088","endPage":"E2097","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe;Middle East;North America","volume":"110","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittke, James H.","contributorId":73928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, James C.","contributorId":14308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunch, Ted E.","contributorId":101197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennett, James P.","contributorId":52499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennett, Douglas J.","contributorId":106024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, Andrew","contributorId":101573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hillman, Gordon C.","contributorId":56164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillman","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tankersly, Kenneth B.","contributorId":18284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tankersly","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goodyear, Albert C.","contributorId":13906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moore, Christopher R.","contributorId":26988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Daniel, I. 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