{"pageNumber":"1488","pageRowStart":"37175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41025,"records":[{"id":30049,"text":"wri834015 - 1985 - Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri834015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4015","title":"Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","docAbstract":"A preliminary investigation of the effects of reservoir storage and canal diversion on the flow of the Yakima River at Union Gap , Washington indicates that those effects are measurable and substantial--on the average causing a reduction of roughly one-quarter from the unregulated flow. Preliminary computations of the unregulated flow of the Yakima River at Parker (near Union Gap) for the 1978 water year using the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 's SSARR model indicate, however, that the computed flow figures contain inaccuracies. Further investigation of the model indicates that the inaccuracies can be substantially reduced by data checking and by using additional discharge records to improve the estimation of local inflows. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834015","usgsCitation":"Swift, C., 1985, Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4015, iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834015.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58858,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a881b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, C.H.","contributorId":61821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":35900,"text":"b1629 - 1985 - Computer-assisted map projection research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T15:05:18","indexId":"b1629","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1629","title":"Computer-assisted map projection research","docAbstract":"<p>Computers have opened up areas of map projection research which were previously too complicated to utilize, for example, using a least-squares fit to a very large number of points. One application has been in the efficient transfer of data between maps on different projections. While the transfer of moderate amounts of data is satisfactorily accomplished using the analytical map projection formulas, polynomials are more efficient for massive transfers. Suitable coefficients for the polynomials may be determined more easily for general cases using least squares instead of Taylor series. A second area of research is in the determination of a map projection fitting an unlabeled map, so that accurate data transfer can take place. The computer can test one projection after another, and include iteration where required. A third area is in the use of least squares to fit a map projection with optimum parameters to the region being mapped, so that distortion is minimized. This can be accomplished for standard conformal, equalarea, or other types of projections. Even less distortion can result if complex transformations of conformal projections are utilized. This bulletin describes several recent applications of these principles, as well as historical usage and background. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1629","usgsCitation":"Snyder, J.P., 1985, Computer-assisted map projection research: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1629, Report: x, 157 p.; 4 microfiche sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1629.","productDescription":"Report: x, 157 p.; 4 microfiche sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343750,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/conformal_projections.pdf","text":"Conformal projections","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":343751,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/documentation.pdf","text":"Documentation","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":343752,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/identification_of_map_projection.pdf","text":"Identification of map projection","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":343753,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/polynomial_approximations.pdf","text":"Polynomial approximations","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":266256,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1629/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, John Parr","contributorId":17596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Parr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29760,"text":"wri854299 - 1985 - Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-09T12:04:16","indexId":"wri854299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4299","title":"Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>A digital model of two-dimensional groundwater flow was used to estimate the hydraulic properties of the Edwards Aquifer in a 151 sq mi area near Austin, Texas. The transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and specific yield were estimated for the part of the aquifer that discharges at Barton Springs in Austin. The aquifer is composed of the Edwards and overlying Georgetown Limestones of Cretaceous age and ranges in thickness from about 100 ft to about 450 ft.</p>\n<p>More than 60 years of discharge measurements and 5 years of gaged discharge for Barton Springs were used to adjust springflow for the simulations. Barton Springs accounts for about 96% of springflow from the study area and 90% of the total discharge. The remaining discharge was pumpage from wells which was entered in the model. Four years of gaged recharge were used in the simulations. The potentiometric surfaces used by the models were constructed from water level measurements in as many as 75 wells.</p>\n<p>The transmissivity was calibrated through steady-state simulations that used the mean value of recharge and mean potentiometric surface to represent average conditions for the aquifer. The transmissivities vary from about 100 sq ft/day in the western part of the aquifer to &gt; 1 million sq ft/day near Barton Springs. Specific yield was calibrated through transient-state simulations for 5 consecutive months using time-dependent data for recharge, discharge, and water levels. The mean specific yield for the aquifer is 0.014 and ranges from 0.008 to 0.064. Additional aquifer properties used in the simulations include storage coefficient, altitudes of the base and top of the aquifer, and hydraulic conductivity.</p>\n<p>A simulation for the year 2000 using projected pumping rates for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic supplies indicates that the aquifer would be dewatered in the southwestern part of the study area and have large declines in the southeastern part of the study area. Another simulation of projected conditions using potential recharge enhancement predicts a rise in the potentiometric surface of about 50 feet in the southwestern part of the aquifer and moderate water-level declines in the southeastern part of the aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854299","usgsCitation":"Slade, R.M., Ruiz, L., and Slagle, D., 1985, Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4299, vii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854299.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4299/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz, Linda","contributorId":96308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slagle, Diana","contributorId":7743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"Diana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26511,"text":"wri854003 - 1985 - Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T21:23:29.205216","indexId":"wri854003","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4003","title":"Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the transit losses and water-wave traveltimes in the Neosho River for varying reservoir-release volumes and durations is necessary for proper management of water supply. Two reaches were studied along the Neosho River in east-central Kansas. The upper reach is from Council Grove Lake to John Redmond Reservoir, a distance of 83.0 river miles. The lower reach is from John Redmond Reservoir to Iola, Kansas, a distance of 56.3 river miles. Channel and aquifer characteristics were estimated from available data and used in a streamflow routing model. These estimated characteristics were verified using the model by comparing simulated reservoir releases to observed reservoir releases. The verified model then was used to simulate transit losses (or gains) and traveltimes for selected reservoir release volumes and durations from Council Grove Lake to Iola. Transit losses and traveltimes were investigated for the selected reservoir releases while under a severe drought antecedent streamflow condition (zero base flow) and a less severe drought antecedent streamflow condition (2% drought base flows). The largest total transit loss from Council Grove Lake to Iola occurred during the severe drought antecedent streamflow condition, small reservoir release rates, and long reservoir release durations. The total transit loss included water that was temporarily lost to bank storage. For a severe drought condition, transit losses ranged from 1,100 acre-ft for a release volume of 1,840 acre-ft for a duration of 50 days to 6 ,280 acre-ft for a release volume of 6,280 acre-ft for a duration of 365 days. For a less severe drought condition, transit losses ranged from 860 acre-ft to 3,234 acre-ft for the same release volumes and durations as for the severe drought condition. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854003","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4003, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854003.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36202.htm"},{"id":55381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Iola","otherGeospatial":"Council Grove Lake, Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              37.829\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.383,\n              37.829\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.383,\n              38.705\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              38.705\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              37.829\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, W. J.","contributorId":71213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1817,"text":"wsp2205 - 1985 - Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9419,"text":"ofr801023 - 1980 - Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system underlying Pojoaque River basin and vicinity, New Mexico","indexId":"ofr801023","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system underlying Pojoaque River basin and vicinity, New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1817,"text":"wsp2205 - 1985 - Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico","indexId":"wsp2205","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2205","title":"Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional digital model of ground-water flow was constructed to represent the dipping anisotropic beds of the Tesuque aquifer system underlying the Pojoaque River basin and vicinity, New Mexico. Simulations of steady-state conditions and historical ground-water withdrawals were consistent with observed data. The model was used to simulate the response of the aquifer system to an irrigation-development plan in the Pojoaque River basin. Storage is the main source of water; 34.05 cubic feet per second (86 percent of the withdrawal rate) was simulated to be withdrawn from storage after 50 years of withdrawals for irrigation development. The maximum simulated water-level decline was 334 feet, and the net simulated streamflow capture from the Rio Grande and the Santa Cruz, Pojoaque, and Santa Fe Rivers was 5.63 cubic feet per second (14 percent of the withdrawal rate). The sensitivity of the model was tested by varying aquifer characteristics to the limits of the plausible range. Change in hydraulic head in the Pojoaque River basin is most sensitive to hydraulic conductivity. In all simulations, after 50 years of withdrawals, the maximum simulated decline in hydraulic head ranged between 210 and 474 feet, storage in the aquifer system was the source of 80 to 90 percent of the water withdrawn from wells, and streamflow capture from the Rio Grande and its tributaries plus irrigation diversions from the tributaries of the Pojoaque River simulated a decrease in the flow of the Rio Grande of between 17.13 and 21.11 cubic feet per second.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2205","usgsCitation":"Hearne, G.A., 1985, Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2205, vii, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2205.","productDescription":"vii, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2205/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27013,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearne, Glenn A.","contributorId":50882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29862,"text":"wri854124 - 1985 - Effects of wastewater effluent on the South Platte River from Littleton to Denver","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri854124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4124","title":"Effects of wastewater effluent on the South Platte River from Littleton to Denver","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey 's one-dimensional steady-state water quality model was used to investigate the effects of the effluent from the Bi-City WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant) on the South Platte River. The Bi-City WWTP is operated by the Cities of Littleton and Englewood. The model was calibrated from a 14.5 mile reach for 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, organic, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate using data collected during September 1983. Model verification was completed using data collected during October 1982 and January 1984 for all constituents except nitrite nitrogen. Nitrite nitrogen could not be verified for the cold temperature conditions of January of 1984. Measured benthic sediment oxygen demand used in model ranged from 1.01 to 2.77 grams per square meter per day. Model simulations were made for an estimated 7-day, 10-year discharge of 18 cubic feet per second, upstream from the outfall of the WWTP. Two groups of simulations were made for both warm and cold temperature conditions. In the first group of simulation variations were made in effluent 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand concentrations and flow rates. The second group of simulations varied the amount of nitrogen discharged as ammonia and nitrate. The extent of the mixing zone downstream of the WWTP outfall was determined by injecting Rhodamine WT dye into the effluent. The mixing zone was found to extend 0.8 miles during low-flow conditions. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854124","usgsCitation":"Spahr, N., and Blakely, S.R., 1985, Effects of wastewater effluent on the South Platte River from Littleton to Denver: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4124, vi, 97 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854124.","productDescription":"vi, 97 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58673,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spahr, N.E.","contributorId":79476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, S. R.","contributorId":34514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14347,"text":"ofr853 - 1985 - Geology of the Precambrian rocks of the Jabal Habashi Quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T17:56:09","indexId":"ofr853","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-3","title":"Geology of the Precambrian rocks of the Jabal Habashi Quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The Jabal Habashi quadrangle contains formations of Lower Paleozoic and Cenozoic age, unconformably overlying part of the Precambrian Arabian Shield. The Precambrian formations include metamorphosed and strongly deformed volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and plutons of calc-alkalic, mafic to intermediate composition, dated at about 645 Ma. These are unconformably overlain by the Maraghan formation of the Murdama group, composed of sandstone and siltstone deposited in a vast sedimentary basin present in the region between about 640 to 620 Ma. On the northwestern margin of this large basin, a smaller, fault-controlled basin was filled by the Hibshi formation, a sequence of conglomerate, sandstones, tuffs and minor lava flows, which dates from 632 Ma. Other volcanic rocks from this period probably accumulated around caldera-like volcanoes.</p>\n<p>The deposition of the Maraghan and Hibshi formations was interrupted by moderate deformation and metamorphism. About 617 Ma ago, the region was intruded by many granodiorite, granite and subordinate gabbro, diorite and peralkaline granite plutons. Gold-bearing quartz veins formed as a result of this intrusive event.</p>\n<p>A gap in the geologic record of nearly 40 Ma followed, ended by the emplacement of more evolved syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite plutons. Hydrothermal alteration of one of these granites led to the formation of tin greisen; other granites contain anomalous amounts of rare-earth elements.</p>\n<p>The stable rock mass created by these geologic processes was extensively eroded at the end of the Precambrian, and was subsequently covered by flat-lying Lower Paleozoic clastic rocks, the Saq Sandstone of Cambrian (?) to early Ordovician age, and the Tabuk Formation, largely siltstone and claystone, of early Ordovician to early Silurian age. Another major gap in the record, extending from the early Paleozoic to late Cenozoic, ended by the extrusion of basaltic lava flows and cinder cones in the northern part of the quadrangle, about 1.8 Ma ago. The volcanic activity, preceded by tilting of the region and the stripping back of the Paleozoic rocks to expose the Precambrian again, was linked to rifting in the Arabian Shield and the opening of the Red Sea.</p>\n<p>The final event in the quadrangle was the onset of the present-day type of climate and erosion pattern, leading to the development of drainage channels partly filled by sand and small sabkhah deposits, and surfaces covered by recently cemented gravels.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr853","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Williams, P.L., and Fuller, F.J., 1985, Geology of the Precambrian rocks of the Jabal Habashi Quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-3, Report: iv, 87 p., ill.; Maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr853.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 87 p., ill.; Maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43018,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43019,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43020,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              43.5,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              43.5,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, P. L.","contributorId":79109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, F. J. (compiler)","contributorId":41003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"F.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2698,"text":"wsp2239 - 1985 - Ground-water resources and potential hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in the northern Powder River basin, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"wsp2239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2239","title":"Ground-water resources and potential hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in the northern Powder River basin, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The shallow ground-water system in the northern Powder River Basin consists of Upper Cretaceous to Holocene aquifers overlying the Bearpaw Shale--namely, the Fox Hills Sandstone; Hell Creek, Fort Union, and Wasatch Formations; terrace deposits; and alluvium. Ground-water flow above the Bearpaw Shale can be divided into two general flow patterns. An upper flow pattern occurs in aquifers at depths of less than about 200 feet and occurs primarily as localized flow controlled by the surface topography. A lower flow pattern occurs in aquifers at depths from about 200 to 1,200 feet and exhibits a more regional flow, which is generally northward toward the Yellowstone River with significant flow toward the Powder and Tongue Rivers. \r\n\r\nThe chemical quality of water in the shallow ground-water system in the study area varies widely, and most of the ground water does not meet standards for dissolved constituents in public drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water from depths less than 200 feet generally is a sodium sulfate type having an average dissolved-solids concentration of 2,100 milligrams per liter. Sodium bicarbonate water having an average dissolved-solids concentration of 1,400 milligrams per liter is typical from aquifers in the shallow ground-water system at depths between 200 and 1,200 feet. \r\n\r\nEffects of surface coal mining on the water resources in the northern Powder River Basin are dependent on the stratigraphic location of the mine cut. Where the cut lies above the water-yielding zone, the effects will be minimal. Where the mine cut intersects a water-ielding zone, effects on water levels and flow patterns can be significant locally, but water levels and flow patterns will return to approximate premining conditions after mining ceases. Ground water in and near active and former mines may become more mineralized, owing to the placement of spoil material from the reducing zone in the unsaturated zone where the minerals are subject to oxidation. Regional effects probably will be small because of the limited areal extent of ground-water flow systems where mining is feasible. \r\n\r\nResults of digital models are presented to illustrate the effects of varying hydraulic properties on water-level changes resulting from mine dewatering. The model simulations were designed to depict maximum-drawdown situations. One simulation indicates that after 20 years of continuous dewatering of an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic aquifer that is 10 feet thick and has an initial potentiometric surface 10 feet above the top of the aquifer, water-level declines greater than 1 foot would generally be limited to within 7.5 miles of the center of the mine excavation; declines greater than 2 feet to within about 6 miles; declines greater than 5 feet to within about 3.7 miles; declines greater than 10 feet to within about 1.7 miles; and declines greater than 15 feet to within 1.2 miles.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O :\r\nFor sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2239","usgsCitation":"Slagle, S.E., Lewis, B.D., and Lee, R.W., 1985, Ground-water resources and potential hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in the northern Powder River basin, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2239, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2239.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247236,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/plate-1.pdf","size":"10143","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247237,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/plate-2.pdf","size":"6388","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29067,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slagle, Steven E.","contributorId":35284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Barney D.","contributorId":93873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":33249,"text":"b1646 - 1985 - Geologic characteristics of sediment- and volcanic-hosted disseminated gold deposits - Search for an occurrence model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:41:52","indexId":"b1646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1646","title":"Geologic characteristics of sediment- and volcanic-hosted disseminated gold deposits - Search for an occurrence model","docAbstract":"<p>The current expansion of resource information, particularly on \"disseminated\" gold, and the improved technologies now available for resource investigations should place us in an enhanced position for developing a better predictive methodology for meeting one of the important responsibilities of the U.S. Geological Survey-to examine and assess the mineral resources of the geologic terranes composing the public (and privately owned) lands of the United States. The first step is systematic organization of these data. Geologic-occurrence models are an effective systematic method by which to organize large amounts of resource information into a logical sequence facilitating its use more effectively in meeting several industry and Survey objectives, which include the exploration for resources and the assessment of resource potential for land-use decisions. Such models also provide a scientific basis for metallogenesis research, which considers the observable features or attributes of ore occurrence and their \"fit\" into the Earth's resource puzzle. The use of models in making resource assessments/appraisals was addressed by Shawe (1981), who reported the results of a workshop on methods for resource appraisal of Wilderness and Conterminous United States Mineral Appraisal Program (CUSMAP; 1:250,000-scale quadrangles) areas. The Survey's main objective in the 1982 workshop was to evaluate the status of knowledge about disseminated or very fine grained gold deposits and, if possible, to develop an occurrence model(s).</p><p>This report on the workshop proceedings has three main objectives: (1) Education through the publication of a summary review and presentation of new thinking and observations about the scientific bases for those geologic processes and environments that foster disseminated gold-ore formation; (2) systematic organization of available geologic, geochemical, and geophysical information for a range of typical disseminated gold deposits (including recognition of gaps in those data); and (3) assessment of current understanding (as presented in objective 2) toward formulating an empirical ore-occurrence model for this type of deposit. As such, this volume represents a preliminary first step at classification and provides a source of pertinent background information.</p><p>Readers of this volume will soon discover, however, that full agreement has not yet been achieved in the interpretation of some of the geologic evidence. The resulting variations in tentative occurrence models for these controversial deposits ultimately will be resolved by filling the gaps in information that have already been identified. Thus, this volume does not report a U.S. Geological Survey consensus; the conclusions expressed in each chapter represent the particular interpretations of the various workshop participants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1646","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., Fournier, R.O., Rytuba, J.J., Rye, R.O., Cunningham, C.G., Berger, B.R., Silberman, M.L., Bonham, H.F., Strachan, D.G., Birak, D.J., Hawkins, R.J., and Tooker, E.W., 1985, Geologic characteristics of sediment- and volcanic-hosted disseminated gold deposits - Search for an occurrence model: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1646, v, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1646.","productDescription":"v, 150 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1646/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340327,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1646/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.1572265625,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.32421875,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.32421875,\n              43.18114705939968\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.1572265625,\n              43.18114705939968\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.1572265625,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Summary</li><li>Introduction</li><ul><li>Characteristics of disseminated gold occurrences</li><li>Field examination of gold deposits and occurrences</li><li>Status of the disseminated gold occurrence model</li></ul><li>Vein and disseminated gold-silver deposits of the Great Basin through space and time</li><li>Silica minerals as indicators of conditions during gold deposition</li><li>Geochemistry of hydrothermal transport and deposition of gold and sulfide minerals in&nbsp;Carlin-type gold deposits</li><li>A model for the formation of carbonate-hosted disseminated gold deposits based on geologic, fluid-inclusion, geochemical, and stable-isotope studies of the Carlin and&nbsp;Cortez deposits, Nevada</li><li>Characteristics of boiling-water-table and carbon dioxide models for epithermal gold deposition</li><li>Geologic-geochemical features of hot-spring precious-metal deposits</li><li>Geochronology of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization: Tertiary epithermal&nbsp;precious-metal deposits in the Great Basin</li><li>Characteristics of bulk-minable gold-silver deposits in Cordilleran and island-arc settings</li><li>Summary of Steamboat Springs geothermal area, Nevada, with attached road-log commentary</li><li>Geologic discussion of the Borealis gold deposit, Mineral County, Nevada</li><li>The geology of the Enfield Bell mine and the Jerritt Canyon district, Elko County, Nevada<br></li><li>Discussion of the disseminated-gold-ore-occurrence model</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a64d5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tooker, Edwin W.","contributorId":26345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tooker","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692036,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":23947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bonham, Harold F. Jr.","contributorId":60224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonham","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Strachan, Donald G.","contributorId":191159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strachan","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Birak, Donald J.","contributorId":191160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birak","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hawkins, Robert J.","contributorId":191161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tooker, Edwin W.","contributorId":26345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tooker","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":15403,"text":"ofr85288 - 1985 - Description and preliminary testing of the CDSN Seismic Sensor Systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T11:00:06","indexId":"ofr85288","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-288","title":"Description and preliminary testing of the CDSN Seismic Sensor Systems","docAbstract":"<p>The China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) is being designed and installed to provide the People's Republic of China with the facilities needed to create a national digital database for earthquake research. The CDSN, which is being developed jointly by the PRC State Seismological Bureau and the U.S. Geological Survey, will consist initially of nine digitally-recording seismograph stations, a data management system to be used for compiling network-day tapes, and a depot maintenance center. Data produced by the network will be shared with research scientists throughout the world. </p><p>A national seismograph network must be designed to support a variety of research objectives. From this standpoint, the choices and tradeoffs involved in specifying signal bandwidth, resolution, and dynamic range are the most important decisions in system design. As in the case of the CDSN, these decisions are made during the selection and design of the seismic sensor system and encoder components. The purpose of this report is to describe the CDSN sensor systems, their important signal characteristics, and the results of preliminary tests that have been performed on the instruments. </p><p>Four overlapping data bands will be recorded at each station: short period (SP), broadband (BB), long period (LP), and very long period (VLP). Amplitude response curves are illustrated in Figure I. Vertical and horizontal components will be recorded for each data band. The SP and LP channels will be recorded with sufficient sensitivities to resolve earth background noise at seismically quiet sites. The BB channels will have a lower sensitivity and are intended for broadband recording of moderate-to-large body-wave signals and for increasing the effective amplitude range in the short- and long-period bands. The VLP channel does not provide additional spectral coverage at long periods; its purpose is to make use of on-site filtration and decimation to reduce post processing requirements for VLP studies. Early plans also included a triaxial set of low-sensitivity accelerometers for recording strong signals from large local and regional earthquakes. The accelerometers are not being installed; however, they may be added in the future. </p><p>The short-period signals will be derived from a three-component set of PRC-supplied Model DJ-I SP seismometers and US-supplied SP amplifiers. The seismometers will be installed in surface or shallow subsurface vaults, except at two of the stations where they will be installed in boreholes. The BB, LP, and VLP signals will be derived from Streckeisen STS-1 broadband sensor systems installed in vaults, except at one site where the LP signals only will-be derived from a KS-36000 borehole seismometer installed at a depth of 100 meters. </p><p>Analog signals will be sampled and quantized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that is part of the recording system. Sampling rates chosen for the CDSN are as follows: </p><p>* SP 40 samples/second </p><p>* BB 20 samples/second </p><p>* LP 1 sample/second </p><p>* VLP 6 samples/minute </p><p>The ADC 16-bit data word format makes use of 14 bits to quantize the signal and 2 bits to specify an automatically ranged gain of 1, 8, 32, or 128. This will provide 84 dB of resolution and up to 42 dB of gain ranging for a total opera- ting range of 126 dB peak to peak. </p><p>Magnetic tape cartridges, each having a capacity of 67 megabytes, will be used for recording the digital data. LP and VLP data will be recorded continu- ously. SP and BB data will be processed through an automatic signal detector of the type described by Murdock and Hutt (1983), and only detected events will be stored on tape. Detection parameters, such as turn-on sensitivity and mini- mum recording duration for the SP and BB channels, will be fully programmable and easily changed. One or more of the data channels may also be recorded on analog recorders. </p><p>A CDSN recording system was not available at the time that the preliminary tests were performed on the CDSN sensor systems.&nbsp; This did not interfere with the principal goals of the testing which were to determine the best sensor installation techniques and to demonstrate the operational performance of the sensor systems, especially with regard to instrument noise and detection capability.&nbsp; When the CDSN recording system is available, additional tests will be performed to measure distortion levels in the full system and components.&nbsp; Distortion tests have been performed on the Streckeisen STS-1 broadband seismometers, the most critical component from the standpoint of linearity, and the results of the tests are reported by Wielandt and Streckeisen (1982).&nbsp; Calibration accuracy and stability are also important sensor system characteristics that cannot be defined without additional testing.&nbsp; These tests will be performed as the instruments are installed at the stations and periodically during operation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85288","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., and Tilgner, E.E., 1985, Description and preliminary testing of the CDSN Seismic Sensor Systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-288, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85288.","productDescription":"63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":122,"text":"Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0288/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":9714,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0288/ofr85-288.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1985-0288"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Jon","contributorId":67522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilgner, Edwin E.","contributorId":66702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilgner","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13700,"text":"ofr85296 - 1985 - Tabulation of modal and chemical analyses for Silver Plume Quartz Monzonite (Silver Plume Granite), Berthoud Plutonic Suite, Front Range, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:57","indexId":"ofr85296","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-296","title":"Tabulation of modal and chemical analyses for Silver Plume Quartz Monzonite (Silver Plume Granite), Berthoud Plutonic Suite, Front Range, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85296","usgsCitation":"Gable, D.J., 1985, Tabulation of modal and chemical analyses for Silver Plume Quartz Monzonite (Silver Plume Granite), Berthoud Plutonic Suite, Front Range, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-296, 11 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85296.","productDescription":"11 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0296/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42255,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0296/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42256,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0296/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42257,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68745e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gable, D. J.","contributorId":36569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gable","given":"D.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38485,"text":"pp1402C - 1985 - Geochemistry of ground-water in two sandstone aquifer systems in the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:25:52.009157","indexId":"pp1402C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1402","chapter":"C","title":"Geochemistry of ground-water in two sandstone aquifer systems in the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Kootenai Formation in the Judith Basin, Montana, and the </span><span>Lance Formation and Fox Hills Sandstone in the Powder River Basin, </span><span>Wyoming, constitute two important sandstone aquifer systems in the </span><span>Northern Great Plains region. Ground waters in each of these </span><span>systems evolve from low dissolved-solids concentration, near-neutral </span><span>pH, predominantly calcium and magnesium bicarbonate types in </span><span>their recharge areas, to high dissolved-solids concentration, high pH, </span><span>predominantly sodium-bicarbonate types in the basins. Oxidation </span><span>potentials decrease as the waters flow downgradient under confined </span><span>conditions. Calculation of the saturation states of aquifer minerals </span><span>suggests several groups of mineral phases that could control ground-</span><span>water chemistry. Mass transfer modeling indicates, however, that the </span><span>observed behavior of major and minor dissolved species in both </span><span>systems can satisfactorily be explained only by equilibration with cal</span><span>cite, dolomite, or calcite and dolomite. The geochemistry of these </span><span>systems is probably controlled by the incongruent dissolution of dolo</span><span>mite to form calcite. This reaction appears to be driven by cation ex</span><span>change and the dissolution of carbon dioxide. Plausible carbon diox</span><span>ide sources include organic carbon oxidation and lignite coalification. </span><span>Aluminosilicates influence major element chemistry primarily as sub</span><span>trates for cation exchange, which, in combination with carbonate </span><span>equilibria, buffer ground water pH at values of 8.5 to 8.9. Dissolved-</span><span>iron concentrations are controlled by equilibration with amorphous </span><span>ferric oxyhydroxides in oxidizing waters, with amorphous ferric </span><span>oxyhydroxides and siderite in moderately reducing waters, and with </span><span>siderite and amorphous ferrous sulfide in strongly reducing waters. </span><span>Measured variations in dissolved carbonate isotopic composition </span><span>compare favorably with carbon isotopic evolution, calculated by </span><span>assuming dedolomitization. </span></p><p><span>Recharge areas of the two systems are characterized by ground </span><span>waters with high tritium and carbon-14 activities and relatively low </span><span>dissolved-solids concentrations, with calcium and magnesium as the </span><span>predominant cations. Recharge temperatures, calculated from </span><span>dissolved-argon concentrations and 5</span><span>18</span><span>0 and SD isotopic measure</span><span>ments, indicate that recharge is derived primarily from spring snow-</span><span>melt rather than late spring and summer storms. Ground-water flow </span><span>directions are generally parallel to trends of increasing dissolved </span><span>solids concentrations and decreasing divalent to monovalent cation </span><span>concentration ratios. However, these trends are sometimes obscured </span><span>in areas of leakage or mixing. Further indication of leakage between </span><span>aquifers is provided by abrupt changes in major element and isotopic </span><span>chemistry, which are not characteristic of normally observed geo</span><span>chemical evolution. Ground-water flow rates, calculated by adjusting </span><span>measured carbon-14 activities for carbonate mass transfer, are com</span><span>parable to values calculated from aquifer tests and potentiometric </span><span>data. These carbon-14 flow rates average 1.6 meters per year for the </span><span>Second Cat Creek sandstone of the Kootenai Formation, and 1.3 </span><span>meters per year for the Lance-Fox Hills aquifer. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1402C","usgsCitation":"Henderson, T., 1985, Geochemistry of ground-water in two sandstone aquifer systems in the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1402, viii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1402C.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65151,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.15234375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.15234375,\n              48.80686346108517\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              48.80686346108517\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aae76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Thomas","contributorId":86400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58594,"text":"mf1629A - 1985 - Mineral resource potential map of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:40:51","indexId":"mf1629A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1629","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resource potential map of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Parts of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area have a high resource potential for gold and silver in small deposits, uranium in medium-size deposits, and high-calcium limestone in large deposits. Parts have a moderate to high potential for uranium, thorium, and light rare-earth elements in small- to medium-size deposits, a moderate potential for copper, lead, and zinc in small deposits, a low potential for molybdenum in small deposits, and an unknown potential for molybdenum in deposits of unknown size. Parts of the area have a low potential for cobalt, chromium, tungsten, beryllium, boron, and tin in small deposits. And, depending on the extraction of precious metals, parts of the area could have a low potential for arsenic in small deposits. Tungsten, rare-earth elements, and tin could not be considered resources except for coexisting base metals, thorium, and uranium.</p>\n<p>Areas that immediately adjoin the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area have a high potential for molybdenum in large deposits, lead in medium-size deposits, and zinc -in small- to medium-size deposits. Depending on the extraction of base metals, parts of the adjoining areas could have a low resource potential for bismuth and cadmium as byproducts in medium-size deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1629A","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, E., Stoneman, R.J., Clark, J.R., and Kluender, S., 1985, Mineral resource potential map of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1629, Report: 21 p.; Plate: 53.17 x 39.63 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1629A.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; Plate: 53.17 x 39.63 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1985/1629a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88445,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1985/1629a/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327020,"rank":301,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1629-A/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate"}],"scale":"77500","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.75,38.6175 ], [ -106.75,38.75 ], [ -106.5,38.75 ], [ -106.5,38.6175 ], [ -106.75,38.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoneman, R. J.","contributorId":100384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoneman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. R.","contributorId":55764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kluender, S.E.","contributorId":61508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluender","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27397,"text":"wri854056 - 1985 - Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T14:31:14","indexId":"wri854056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4056","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The city of Battle Creek has 30 wells in the Verona well field capable of yielding 300 to 1,000 gallons per minute each. During summer, total withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute. In early 1984, only 9 to 12 of the wells were being used; the remaining wells were contaminated by volatile hydrocarbons.</p><p>Ground water at and near Verona well field generally flows toward Battle Creek River except where directions are altered by pumping. &nbsp;During summer, especially during periods when withdrawals are as much as 12,000 gallons per minute, a large cone of depression develops and water is drawn to the well field from several thousand feet away. &nbsp;During winter, when withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute, the cone is smaller.</p><p>Ground-water flow is in three aquifers--a sand and gravel aquifer in deposits of Pleistocene age that overlies upper and lower sandstone aquifers of the Marshall Formation of Mississippian age. Model-simulated data that best matched measured data indicate horizontal hydraulic conductivities ranging from 15 to 110 feet per day for the sand and gravel aquifer, 150 feet per day for the upper sandstone aquifer, and 550 feet per day for the lower sandstone aquifer. &nbsp;Recharge was simulated at rates ranging from 8 to 13 inches per year.</p><p>Model simulations to evaluate the feasibility of installing new supply wells immediately north of the present field indicate that pumping 3,750 gallons per minute from new wells at the site would produce about 7 feet of drawdown in the lower sandstone aquifer in the vicinity of the new wells. Because the new wells tap only the lower sandstone aquifer, the pumping would have little effect on the potentiometric surfaces for the two overlying aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Battle Creek, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., and Twenter, F.R., 1985, Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4056, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854056.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri854056.jpg"},{"id":318880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Battle Creek","otherGeospatial":"Verona Well Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.386951440524854\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              42.386951440524854\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30584,"text":"wri854107 - 1985 - Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:17:36","indexId":"wri854107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4107","title":"Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic-refraction surveys were made across suspected buried, drift-filled bedrock valleys believed to underlie two sites of known ground-water contamination the Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) near New Brighton and the former Koppers Coke Plant in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Refraction data were collected along two lines at each site; each line traversed the axis of a suspected valley.</p>\n<p>Drift-filled bedrock valleys were thought to incise the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer to an altitude between 500 and 560 feet above sea level at the TCAAP site. The interpretation of one seismic profile indicates that a valley probably does not exist under the area surveyed; the modeled depth profile shows the bedrock surface ranging between altitudes of about 700 to 780 feet. Interpretation of a second seismic profile just south of the TCAAP indicates that a shallow valley may exist under the northern half of the line; the modeled depth profile shows that the bedrock surface declines from an altitude of about 780 feet to about 690 feet over a horizontal distance of 400 feet.</p>\n<p>A drift-filled bedrock valley was thought to incise the St. Peter aquifer to an altitude between 770 and 800 feet above sea level at the Koppers site. The interpretation of a seismic profile just east of the Koppers site is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present near the middle of the line. The interpretation of a second seismic profile across the westward extension of the same suspected valley also is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present at the north end of the line. The optimal field layout for each line at the site (longer shot offsets) could not be obtained because of limited space available in the densely developed residential neighborhoods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., 1985, Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4107, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854107.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0207,45.1258],[-92.9838,45.1247],[-92.9875,44.8924],[-92.9978,44.8924],[-93.0191,44.8929],[-93.0229,44.8948],[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.1775,44.8989],[-93.1833,44.8998],[-93.1897,44.9026],[-93.1955,44.904],[-93.1987,44.9085],[-93.2026,44.9122],[-93.2038,44.9145],[-93.2058,44.9172],[-93.2051,44.9209],[-93.2044,44.9263],[-93.2044,44.9305],[-93.2031,44.935],[-93.2037,44.9405],[-93.2044,44.9441],[-93.2063,44.9469],[-93.2062,44.9583],[-93.2059,45.0373],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.0207,45.1258]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ramsey\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efcfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. G.","contributorId":106458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1290,"text":"wsp2253 - 1985 - Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8645,"text":"ofr83222 - 1983 - Geohydrology and model analysis of the stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney counties, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"ofr83222","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of the stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney counties, southwestern Kansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1290,"text":"wsp2253 - 1985 - Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"wsp2253","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:43:50.995415","indexId":"wsp2253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2253","title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","docAbstract":"A study was made, in cooperation with the Division of Water Resources, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, to determine geohydrologic conditions in an area comprising nearly 850,000 acres along the Arkansas River valley in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas. The Arkansas River meanders atop and interacts hydraulically with the area's multilayered, unconsolidated aquifer system. Declines in static water levels in wells in the heavily pumped lower aquifer ranged from 20 to 80 feet during 1974-80. The river is dry in much of the area. \r\n\r\nA digital computer model was calibrated to simulate the trends of historic water levels. Simulated 1974-80 conditions depicted an average annual recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system of 66,900 acre-feet from precipitation and 36,200 acre-feet from river and canal seepage and boundary inflow. Simulated average annual discharge consisted of 634,800 acre-feet from pumpage and boundary outflow. Simulated average annual recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system was 531,700 acre-feet less than average annual discharge, indicating the ground-water resource is currently (1982) being mined in the study area. \r\n\r\nSimulation also indicated that there would be sufficient saturated thickness in 2005 for irrigation if 1980 hydrologic conditions continued. Seepage losses from the Arkansas River and irrigation canals are a major source of recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system. Therefore, the amount of flow in the Arkansas River would be important in determining the rate of future water-level declines in the study area. Streamflow seepage losses could be decreased by (1) decreasing the number of wells pumping in the study area in order to reduce downward leakage from the valley aquifer, or (2) increasing streamflow discharge in order to recharge the valley aquifer. The rate and direction of flow between the river and the valley aquifer depend on the hydraulic conductivity of the streambed and the hydraulic gradient between the river stage and the water table. As long as river stage remains high, the water table in the valley aquifer continues to rise. Seepage from the river to the valley aquifer decreases as the altitude difference between the river stage and the valley aquifer decreases, becoming insignificant when the water level in the valley aquifer nearly equals river stage. However, a rise in the water table in the valley aquifer because of recharge from the river will correspond to increased downward leakage to the lower aquifer, impeding recharge to the valley aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2253","usgsCitation":"Dunlap, L.E., Lindgren, R.J., and Sauer, C.G., 1985, Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2253, viii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2253.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2253/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411665,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25532.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Finney County, Kearny County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.6667,\n              38.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.5,\n              38.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.5,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.6667,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.6667,\n              38.167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunlap, L. E.","contributorId":45685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":143507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, C. G.","contributorId":52548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27138,"text":"wri844187 - 1985 - Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T22:26:03.691324","indexId":"wri844187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4187","title":"Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83","docAbstract":"The Cottonwood Creek study area in the Redding basin, California , contains a network of wells established to provide baseline information on ground-water levels and quality prior to the completion of two proposed dams, one on Cottonwood Creek and one on South Fork Cottonwood Creek. Analysis of monthly ground-water levels from September 1982 through September 1983 shows lowest water levels in autumn and highest in spring. The ground-water surface slopes east and has a mound at Anderson-Cottonwood Irrigation District Canal near the town of Cottonwood. Future studies here could provide additional information needed for subsequent modeling studies. Data are insufficient upstream from the damsites, specifically in areas of future impoundment where the monitoring network could be expanded. Comparison of ground-water quality samples collected from periods of lowest and highest water levels showed little chemical variation. Ground water is good to excellent with respect to recommended drinking-water standards. Ground-water types north of Cottonwood Creek are sodium magnesium or magnesium sodium bicarbonate and south of Cottonwood Creek are calcium magnesium or magnesium calcium bicarbonate. Surface-water samples from Cottonwood and South Fork Cottonwood Creeks indicate water chemically similar to ground water south of Cottonwood Creek. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844187","usgsCitation":"Fogelman, R.P., and Evenson, K.D., 1985, Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4187, Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 35.97 x 26.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844187.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 35.97 x 26.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56011,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56009,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56010,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411206,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36051.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County, Tehama County","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.617,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.617,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogelman, R. P.","contributorId":96688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, K. D.","contributorId":85978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29161,"text":"wri854083 - 1985 - Estimation of vertical hydraulic conductivity of the clay layer between the Eutaw and Gordo aquifers in the vicinity of Faunsdale, Marengo County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri854083","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4083","title":"Estimation of vertical hydraulic conductivity of the clay layer between the Eutaw and Gordo aquifers in the vicinity of Faunsdale, Marengo County, Alabama","docAbstract":"The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining bed between the Eutaw and Gordo aquifers in the vicinity of Faunsdale, in northeast Marengo County, Alabama, is 1x10(-5) foot per day or less. Modeling vertical conductivities larger than 1x50(-5) foot per day produced drawdowns in the Eutaw aquifer greater than those observed in a test where 750 gallons per minute were pumped from the Gordo aquifer. Modeling has shown that vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining bed is the controlling factor on the drawdown in the Eutaw aquifer. At equilibrium (steady-state) pumping 750 gallons per minute there was 3 feet of drawdown in the Eutaw aquifer with a confining bed conductivity of 1x10(-5) foot per day. When the conductivity was decreased to 1x10(-6) foot per day drawdown in the Eutaw aquifer was only 0.35 foot. A conductivity of 1x10(-5) foot per day in the 48-hour simulation reproduced the drawdown in the well from the 48-hour pumping test, but the conductivity may be as small as an untested 1x10(-6) foot per day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854083","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., and Sparkes, A., 1985, Estimation of vertical hydraulic conductivity of the clay layer between the Eutaw and Gordo aquifers in the vicinity of Faunsdale, Marengo County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4083, v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854083.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparkes, A.K.","contributorId":104943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparkes","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26412,"text":"wri854200 - 1985 - Simulation of the effects of management alternatives on the stream-aquifer system, South Fork Solomon River Valley between Webster Reservoir and Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri854200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4200","title":"Simulation of the effects of management alternatives on the stream-aquifer system, South Fork Solomon River Valley between Webster Reservoir and Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas","docAbstract":"With extensive irrigation use of both surface water and groundwater in the South Fork Solomon River valley shortages of these water supplies have been created. A two-dimensional digital model of transient groundwater flow was applied to investigate the potential effects on the stream aquifer system of seven management alternatives. These alternatives included proposals to conserve surface water supplies by lining the Osborne Irrigation Canal with clay, replacing the lateral canals with pipe, removing phreatophytes, decreasing surface water use by 75%, 50%, or 25% and replacing it with groundwater sources, and continuing 1978 groundwater use and 1970-78 average surface water use until the end of the 20th century. Results were assessed by comparison of drawdowns of hydraulic head in the alluvial aquifer and base flow for each simulation. As listed in order of the smallest to the greatest potential effects on the system relative to drawdown and base flow the alternatives are: (1) removal of one-half of the phreatophytes; (2) continuation of 1978 groundwater withdrawals and average 1970-78 surface water supply; (3) replacement of the lateral canals with pipe; (4) lining the Osborne Irrigation Canal with clay; (5) decrease of surface water use by 25% and replacement of it with groundwater; (6) decrease of surface water use by 50% and replacement of it with groundwater; and (7) decrease of surface water use by 75% and replacement of it with groundwater. The removal of one-half of the phreatophytes would result in a decrease in average drawdown in the alluvial aquifer to about 1.74 ft and an increase in base flow of the Solomon River to about 12.3 cu ft/sec. The decrease of surface water supply by 75 % and a corresponding increase in groundwater withdrawal would result in an increase in drawdown in the aquifer to about 2.5 ft and a decrease in base flow to about 6.8 cu ft/sec. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854200","usgsCitation":"Burnett, R., and Reed, T., 1985, Simulation of the effects of management alternatives on the stream-aquifer system, South Fork Solomon River Valley between Webster Reservoir and Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4200, iv, 19 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854200.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55206,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4200/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55207,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1e7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnett, R.D.","contributorId":54609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, T.B.","contributorId":56658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27070,"text":"wri854180 - 1985 - Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri854180","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4180","title":"Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana","docAbstract":"Dissolved solids concentrations in five reaches of the Redwater River in east-central Montana were simulated to evaluate the effects of surface coal mining and agriculture. A mass-balance model of streamflow and dissolved solids load developed for the Tongue River in southeastern Montana was modified and applied to the Redwater River. Mined acreages, dissolved solids concentrations in mined spoils, and irrigated acreage can be varied in the model to study relative changes in the dissolved solids concentration in consecutive reaches of the river. Because of extreme variability and a limited amount of data, the model was not consecutively validated. Simulated mean and median monthly mean streamflows and consistently larger than those calculated from streamflow records. Simulated mean and median monthly mean dissolved solids loads also are consistently larger than regression-derived values. These discrepancies probably result from extremely variable streamflow, overestimates of streamflow from ungaged tributaries, and weak correlations between streamflow and dissolved solids concentrations. The largest increases in simulated dissolved solids concentrations from mining and agriculture occur from September through January because of smaller streamflows and dissolved solids loads. Different combinations of agriculture and mining under mean flow conditions resulted in cumulative percentage increases of dissolved solids concentrations of less than 5% for mining and less than 2% for agriculture. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854180","usgsCitation":"Ferreira, R.F., and Lambing, J., 1985, Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4180, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854180.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferreira, R. F.","contributorId":80690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12353,"text":"ofr85710 - 1985 - Vertical modal responses of Monticello Dam; results from an air-gun dynamic test; California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr85710","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-710","title":"Vertical modal responses of Monticello Dam; results from an air-gun dynamic test; California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85710","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., Fedock, J., Fletcher, J.B., and Sembera, E., 1985, Vertical modal responses of Monticello Dam; results from an air-gun dynamic test; California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-710, i, 36 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85710.","productDescription":"i, 36 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0710/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40591,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0710/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":82705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fedock, J.J.","contributorId":94311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedock","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sembera, E.D.","contributorId":67889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sembera","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":15601,"text":"ofr85200 - 1985 - Compilation and analyses of aquifer performance tests in eastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr85200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-200","title":"Compilation and analyses of aquifer performance tests in eastern Kansas","docAbstract":"Selected aquifer-test data from 36 counties in eastern Kansas were collected from numerous sources and publications in order to produce a documented compilation of aquifer tests in one report. Data were obtained chiefly from private consulting firms and from government agencies. Hydraulic properties determined included transmissivity, storage coefficient (where observation well was available), and in some cases hydraulic properties of a confining layer. The aquifers tested comprised three main types of rocks--consolidated rock deposits, glacial deposits, and alluvial deposits that include the ' Equus beds, ' an extensive alluvial deposit in south-central Kansas. The Theis recovery equation and the Cooper-Jacob modified nonequilibrium equation were the two principal solution methods used. Other methods used included the Theis nonequilibrium equation, the Hantush-Jacob equation for a leaky confined aquifer, Hantush 's modified leaky equation in which storage from a confining layer was considered, the Boulton 's delayed-yield equation. Additionally, a specific-capacity method of estimating transmissivity was used when only a single drawdown value was available. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85200","usgsCitation":"Reed, T., and Burnett, R., 1985, Compilation and analyses of aquifer performance tests in eastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-200, iv, 125 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85200.","productDescription":"iv, 125 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44567,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa418","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, T.B.","contributorId":56658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, R.D.","contributorId":54609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26913,"text":"wri844093 - 1985 - The quality of water in the principal aquifers of southwestern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T22:52:59.066708","indexId":"wri844093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4093","title":"The quality of water in the principal aquifers of southwestern Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The quality of water in major aquifers in southwestern Washington was addressed in terms of inorganic-constituent, trace-metal, and fecal-coliform concentrations. Results of this assessment indicate that the groundwater in southwestern Washington can be characterized as soft to moderately hard with a low concentration of dissolved solids. Nitrate was the only constituent found at concentrations above maximum contaminant levels specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water regulations. The most prevalent detriment to the otherwise good quality of groundwater in the region was concentrations of iron and manganese that exceeds limits recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary standards. Although these limits were exceeded in less than one half of the samples, high concentrations of iron and manganese were common throughout the entire region.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844093","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., and Payne, K.L., 1985, The quality of water in the principal aquifers of southwestern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4093, Report: v, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 32.60 × 25.46 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844093.","productDescription":"Report: v, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 32.60 × 25.46 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55794,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55793,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391965,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35984.htm"},{"id":55795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55792,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55791,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55790,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4093/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.25,\n              45.531\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.467,\n              45.531\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.467,\n              47.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25,\n              47.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25,\n              45.531\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db64105a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, K. L.","contributorId":31771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26261,"text":"wri834024 - 1985 - The ground-water system in the LaGrange Aquifer near LaGrange, southeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:03:07","indexId":"wri834024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4024","title":"The ground-water system in the LaGrange Aquifer near LaGrange, southeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Groundwater is being developed from the La Grange aquifer in southeastern Wyoming. It consists of saturated permeable alluvium that is hydraulically connected with most of the underlying White River Group. In the area of principal interest east of Horse Creek, Hawk Springs Reservoir and 14 adjacent wells used to supplement surface-water supply in the reservoir are in a natural discharge area. Upgradient of the reservoir there are 28 irrigation wells in about a 6-square-mile area. In this area, water levels declined between 3 and 12 feet from 1973 to 1978 causing concern about the effects of well pumpage on the hydrologic system. A digital model was developed and used to simulate the two-dimensional groundwater flow system in the unconfined La Grange aquifer. Transient simulations were made for 1973-78 using 12 time periods and for 1978-80 using 25 time periods. The calibrated digital model was used to simulate four 6-month pumping alternatives including three hypothetical alternatives for the area of principal interest east of Horse Creek. The reservoir altitude was held constant, approximating a reservoir volume 7,000 acre-feet. Pumping alternative 1 simulated historic conditions for 1973-78 including monthly recharge from precipitation which was included in the next three pumping alternatives. For pumping alternative 1, the calculated rate of discharge at the end of the 6-month simulation was 5.2 cubic feet per second from the aquifer to the reservoir. At the end of the 6-month simulations for pumping alternatives 2 and 3, the calculated rate of discharge to the reservoir was decreased to 0.4 cubic feet per second by pumpage from the 14 wells and to 3.8 cubic feet per second by pumpage from the 28 irrigation wells. For pumping alternative 4, pumpage from the total 42 wells resulted in a 1.0 cubic feet per second loss from the reservoir to the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834024","usgsCitation":"Borchert, W.B., 1985, The ground-water system in the LaGrange Aquifer near LaGrange, southeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4024, vi, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834024.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55068,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110156,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35670.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"35670"},{"id":55069,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55070,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55071,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchert, W. B.","contributorId":34965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchert","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26354,"text":"wri854313 - 1985 - Interlaboratory comparability, bias, and precision for four laboratories measuring constituents in precipitation, November 1982-August 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri854313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4313","title":"Interlaboratory comparability, bias, and precision for four laboratories measuring constituents in precipitation, November 1982-August 1983","docAbstract":"Four laboratories were evaluated in their analysis of identical natural and simulated precipitation water samples. Interlaboratory comparability was evaluated using analysis of variance coupled with Duncan 's multiple range test, and linear-regression models describing the relations between individual laboratory analytical results for natural precipitation samples. Results of the statistical analyses indicate that certain pairs of laboratories produce different results when analyzing identical samples. Analyte bias for each laboratory was examined using analysis of variance coupled with Duncan 's multiple range test on data produced by the laboratories from the analysis of identical simulated precipitation samples. Bias for a given analyte produced by a single laboratory has been indicated when the laboratory mean for that analyte is shown to be significantly different from the mean for the most-probable analyte concentrations in the simulated precipitation samples. Ion-chromatographic methods for the determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate have been compared with the colorimetric methods that were also in use during the study period. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance coupled with Duncan 's multiple range test for means produced by the two methods. Analyte precision for each laboratory has been estimated by calculating a pooled variance for each analyte. Analyte estimated precisions have been compared using F-tests and differences in analyte precisions for laboratory pairs have been reported. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854313","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.H., Schroder, L., and Malo, B., 1985, Interlaboratory comparability, bias, and precision for four laboratories measuring constituents in precipitation, November 1982-August 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4313, iii, 14 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854313.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4884e4b07f02db51861e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malo, B.A.","contributorId":74397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malo","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}