The Elko area, in northeastern Navada, lies in a northeast-trending structural valley that is filled with Quaternary deposits and Tertiary sedimentary rocks to a maximum depth of about 4,500 feet. The deepest part of the valley is centered west of Elko. The valley-fill deposits in the remainder of the valley have an average depth of about 2,500 feet.
\nThe depth estimates were made from about 200 gravity measurements. Depths were calculated using a three-dimentional gravity inversion model and correlate fairly well with data from an oil test well drilled near Elko.
\nSoil Temperature measurements, made at a depth of 6.6 feet (2 meeters) at 35 locations in the study area, indicate a major thermal anomaly (66 degrees Celsius) southwest of Elko, an area of known hot-spring activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1900","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, D.H., 1988, Gravity, depth to consolidated rock, and soil temperature in the Elko area, northeastern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1900, 31.69 x 36.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1900.","productDescription":"31.69 x 36.67 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1900.GIF"},{"id":107172,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9990.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9990"},{"id":327506,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1900/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Elko Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.06643676757812,\n 40.74205475883487\n ],\n [\n -116.06643676757812,\n 40.95941904108161\n ],\n [\n -115.7032012939453,\n 40.95941904108161\n ],\n [\n -115.7032012939453,\n 40.74205475883487\n ],\n [\n -116.06643676757812,\n 40.74205475883487\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68578,"text":"ha707 - 1988 - Flood of May 26-27, 1984 in Tulsa, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:12","indexId":"ha707","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"707","title":"Flood of May 26-27, 1984 in Tulsa, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The greatest flood disaster in the history of Tulsa, Oklahoma occurred during 8 hours from 2030 hours May 26 to 0430 hours May 27, 1984, as a result of intense rainfall centered over the metropolitan area. Storms of the magnitude that caused this flood are not uncommon to the southern great plains. Such storms are seldom documented in large urban areas. Total rainfall depth and rainfall distribution in the Tulsa metropolitan area during the May 26-27 storm were recorded by 16 recording rain gages. This report presents location of recording rain gages with corresponding rainfall histograms and mass curves, lines of equal rainfall depth (map A), and flood magnitudes and inundated areas of selected streams within the city (map B).\r\nThe limits of the study areas (fig. 1) are the corporate boundaries of Tulsa, an area of about 185 square miles. Streams draining the city are: Dirty Butter, Coal, and Mingo Creeks which drain northward into Bird Creek along the northern boundary of the city; and Cherry, Crow, Harlow, Joe Haikey, Fry, Vensel, Fred, and Mooser Creeks which flow into the Arkansas River along the southern part of the city. Flooding along Haikey, Fry, Fred, Vensel, and Mooser Creeks was not documented for this report. The Arkansas River is regulated by Keystone Dam upstream from Tulsa (fig. 1). The Arkansas River remained below flood stage during the storm.\r\n\r\nFlooded areas in Tulsa (map B) were delineated on the topographic maps using flood profiles based on surveys of high-water marks identified immediately after the flood. The flood boundaries show the limits of stream flooding. Additional areas flooded because of overfilled storm drains or by sheet runoff are not shown in this report.\r\n\r\nData presented in this report, including rainfall duration and frequency, and flood discharges and elevations, provide city officials and consultants a technical basis for making flood-plain management decisions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha707","usgsCitation":"Bergman, D.L., and Tortorelli, R.L., 1988, Flood of May 26-27, 1984 in Tulsa, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 707, 2 maps on 1 sheet :col. ;64 x 65 cm. and 34 x 35 cm., sheet 95 x 147 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha707.","productDescription":"2 maps on 1 sheet :col. ;64 x 65 cm. and 34 x 35 cm., sheet 95 x 147 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90212,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/707/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90213,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/707/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90214,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/707/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.11749999999999,35.950833333333335 ], [ -96.11749999999999,36.25 ], [ -95.75,36.25 ], [ -95.75,35.950833333333335 ], [ -96.11749999999999,35.950833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergman, DeRoy L.","contributorId":87606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"DeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66542,"text":"i1875 - 1988 - Subsurface geology of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units in southeast Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:34:53","indexId":"i1875","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1875","title":"Subsurface geology of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units in southeast Missouri","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a regional water-resources investigation of the Gulf Costal Plain, which includes all of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain of southeastern Missouri, locally known as the southeast lowlands. The purpose of the regional study is to describe and evaluate the major aquifer systems in sediments of Tertiary and younger age in parts of 10 states (Grubb, 1984). In the southeast lowlands of Missouri, the sub-surface stratigraphy and structural configuration of geologic units need to be described in detail to define the major aquifer syustems in the area. The purpose of this report is to describe the subsurface geologic framework for Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units in the southeast lowlands of Missouri and to correlate these units to those in adjecent States using geophysical and geologic methods (index map). Geophysical logs of wells were used to determine which units are aquifers or confining beds. The drilling of the U.S. Geological Survey test well 1-X in New Madrid County, Missouri, and the subsequent interpretation of geohydrologic data from the well have provided valuable information used in the preparation of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1875","usgsCitation":"Mesko, T.O., 1988, Subsurface geology of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units in southeast Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1875, 2 Plates: 40.79 x 54.10 inches and 36.42 x 18.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1875.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 40.79 x 54.10 inches and 36.42 x 18.93 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1875.GIF"},{"id":327511,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1875/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":327512,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1875/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":107160,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9963.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9963"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.50561523437499,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -89.36279296875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -89.329833984375,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 37.06394430056685\n ],\n [\n -88.978271484375,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -88.978271484375,\n 36.641977814705946\n ],\n [\n -89.066162109375,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -89.329833984375,\n 36.25313319699069\n ],\n [\n -89.50561523437499,\n 35.96022296929667\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 35.85343961959182\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 35.71975793933433\n ],\n [\n -90.59326171875,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 36.69485094156225\n ],\n [\n -90.19775390625,\n 36.730079507078415\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -89.98901367187499,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -89.835205078125,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -89.593505859375,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -89.50561523437499,\n 37.309014074275915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesko, T. O.","contributorId":83934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3041,"text":"wsp2324 - 1988 - The geochemical evolution of aqueous sodium in the Black Creek Aquifer, Horry and Georgetown counties, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:18:21","indexId":"wsp2324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2324","title":"The geochemical evolution of aqueous sodium in the Black Creek Aquifer, Horry and Georgetown counties, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Black Creek aquifer contains dilute seawater near the North Carolina State line, probably the result of incomplete flushing of ancient seawater. Data do not indicate that the dilute seawater has migrated toward areas of fresh ground-water withdrawals. The concentration of chloride in ground-water samples ranges from 5 to 720 milligrams per liter and that of sodium from 160 to 690 milligrams per liter. \r\n\r\nIon-exchange reactions (sodium for calcium and fluoride for hydroxyl) occur with the calcium carbonate dissolution reaction which produces calcium, bicarbonate, and hydroxyl ions. The reaction sequence and stoichiometry result in an aqueous solution in which the sum of bicarbonate and chloride equivalents per liter is equal to the equivalents per liter of sodium. \r\n\r\nCalcium ions are exchanged for sodium ions derived from sodium-rich clays upgradient of the dilute seawater. The cation-exchange reaction equilibrates at a sodium concentration of 280 milligrams per liter. Amounts of sodium greater than 280 milligrams per liter are contributed from dilute seawater. The cation-exchange reaction approaches an equilibrium which represents a mass-action limit in terms of the ratio of sodium to calcium in solution versus the ratio of exchangeable sodium to calcium on clay surfaces. Where the limit of calcium carbonate solubility is approached and dissolution ceases, some precipitation of calcite probably takes place. The dissolution of calcite exposes fossil shark teeth which release fluoride ions to the ground water through anion exchange with aqueous hydroxyl ions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2324","usgsCitation":"Zack, A.L., and Roberts, I., 1988, The geochemical evolution of aqueous sodium in the Black Creek Aquifer, Horry and Georgetown counties, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2324, iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2324.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Georgetown County, Horry County","otherGeospatial":"Black Creek 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Allen L.","contributorId":47775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zack","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Ivan","contributorId":87919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2567,"text":"wsp2318 - 1988 - Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2318","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2318","title":"Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","docAbstract":"The two-film model is often used to describe the volatilization of organic substances from water. This model assumes uniformly mixed water and air phases separated by thin films of water and air in which mass transfer is by molecular diffusion. Mass-transfer coefficients for the films, commonly called film coefficients, are related through the Henry's law constant and the model equation to the overall mass-transfer coefficient for volatilization. The films are modeled as two resistances in series, resulting in additive resistances. \r\n\r\nThe two-film model and the concept of additivity of resistances were applied to experimental data for acetone and t-butyl alcohol. Overall mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water were measured in the laboratory in a stirred constant-temperature bath. Measurements were completed for six water temperatures, each at three water mixing conditions. Wind-speed was constant at about 0.1 meter per second for all experiments. Oxygen absorption coefficients were measured simultaneously with the measurement of the acetone and t-butyl alcohol mass-transfer coefficients. Gas-film coefficients for acetone, t-butyl alcohol, and water were determined by measuring the volatilization fluxes of the pure substances over a range of temperatures. Henry's law constants were estimated from data from the literature. The combination of high resistance in the gas film for solutes with low values of the Henry's law constants has not been studied previously. \r\n\r\nCalculation of the liquid-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol from measured overall mass-transfer and gas-film coefficients, estimated Henry's law constants, and the two-film model equation resulted in physically unrealistic, negative liquid-film coefficients for most of the experiments at the medium and high water mixing conditions. An analysis of the two-film model equation showed that when the percentage resistance in the gas film is large and the gas-film resistance approaches the overall resistance in value, the calculated liquid-film coefficient becomes extremely sensitive to errors in the Henry's law constant. The negative coefficients were attributed to this sensitivity and to errors in the estimated Henry's law constants. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film coefficients for the absorption of oxygen were correlated with the stirrer Reynolds number and the Schmidt number. Application of this correlation with the experimental conditions and a molecular-diffusion coefficient adjustment resulted in values of the liquid-film coefficients for both acetone and t-butyl alcohol within the range expected for all three mixing conditions. Comparison of Henry's law constants calculated from these film coefficients and the experimental data with the constants calculated from literature data showed that the differences were small relative to the errors reported in the literature as typical for the measurement or estimation of Henry's law constants for hydrophilic compounds such as ketones and alcohols. \r\n\r\nTemperature dependence of the mass-transfer coefficients was expressed in two forms. The first, based on thermodynamics, assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the reciprocal absolute temperature. The second empirical approach assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the absolute temperature. Both of these forms predicted the temperature dependence of the experimental mass-transfer coefficients with little error for most of the water temperature range likely to be found in streams and rivers. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film and gas-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol were similar in value. However, depending on water mixing conditions, overall mass-transfer coefficients for acetone were from two to four times larger than the coefficients for t-butyl alcohol. This difference in behavior of the coefficients resulted because the Henry's law constant for acetone was about three times larger than that of ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2318","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2318, xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2318.","productDescription":"xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2569,"text":"wsp2342 - 1988 - Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2342","title":"Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water","docAbstract":"Predicting the fate of organic compounds in streams and rivers often requires knowledge of the volatilization characteristics of the compounds. The reference-substance concept, involving laboratory-determined ratios of the liquid-film coefficients for volatilization of the organic compounds to the liquid-film coefficient for oxygen absorption, is used to predict liquid-film coefficients for streams and rivers. In the absence of experimental data, two procedures have been used for estimating these liquid-film coefficient ratios. These procedures, based on the molecular-diffusion coefficient and on the molecular weight, have been widely used but never extensively evaluated. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film coefficients for the volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds (toluene through n-octylbenzene) from water were measured in a constant-temperature, stirred water bath. Liquid-film coefficients for oxygen absorption were measured simultaneously. A range of water mixing conditions was used with a water temperature of 298.2 K. \r\n\r\nThe ratios of the liquid-film coefficients for volatilization to the liquid-film coefficient for oxygen absorption for all of the organic compounds were independent of mixing conditions in the water. Experimental ratios ranged from 0.606 for benzene to 0.357 for n-octylbenzene. \r\n\r\nThe molecular-diffusion-coefficient procedure accurately predicted the ratios for ethylbenzene through n-pentylbenzene with a power dependence of 0.566 on the molecular-diffusion coefficient, in agreement with published values. Predicted ratios for benzene and toluene were slightly larger than the experimental ratios. These differences were attributed to possible interactions between the molecules of these compounds and the water molecules and to benzene-benzene interactions that form dimers. Because these interactions also are likely to occur in natural waters, it was concluded that the experimental ratios are more correct than the predicted ratios for application purposes in the reference-substance concept. Predicted ratios for n-hexylbenzene, n-heptylbenzene, and n-octylbenzene were larger than the experimental ratios. These differences were attributed to a sorption-desorption process between these compounds and the surfaces of the constant-temperature water bath. Other experimental problems associated with preparing water solutions of these slightly soluble compounds also may have contributed to the differences. Because these processes are not part of the true volatilization process, it was concluded that the predicted ratios for these three compounds are probably more correct than the experimental ratios for application purposes in the reference-substance concept. Any model of the fate of these compounds in streams and rivers would have to include terms accounting for sorption processes, however.\r\n\r\nThe molecular-weight procedure accurately predicted the ratios for ethylbenzene through n-pentylbenzene, but only if the power dependence on the molecular weight was decreased from the commonly used -0.500 to -0.427. Deviations for the low- and high-molecular-weight compounds were similar to those observed for the molecular-diffusion-coefficient procedure.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2342","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2342, vi, 24 p. : ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2342.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p. : ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2342/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28838,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2342/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a0bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3432,"text":"cir1007 - 1988 - Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16037,"text":"ofr87209 - 1987 - Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States: a review of current understanding","indexId":"ofr87209","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States: a review of current understanding"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3432,"text":"cir1007 - 1988 - Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding","indexId":"cir1007","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir1007","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1007","title":"Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding","docAbstract":"This report reviews the occurrence and distribution of manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States. On the basis of their aqueous solubilities, nonionic organic compounds partition themselves among water, dissolved organic matter, particulate organic matter, and the lipid reservoirs of aquatic organisms. Ionized organic compounds can be adsorbed to sediments, thereby reducing their aqueous concentrations. Transformation processes of photolysis, hydrolysis, biodegradation, and volatilization can attenuate organic compounds, and attenuation rates commonly follow a first-order kinetic process. \r\n\r\nEight groups of manmade organic compounds are discussed: \r\n\r\n1. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine insecticides, \r\n2. Carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides, \r\n3. Herbicides, \r\n4. Phenols, \r\n5. Halogenated aliphatic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, \r\n6. Phthalate esters, \r\n7. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and \r\n8. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. \r\n\r\nFor each compound group, data pertaining to use, production, and properties are presented and discussed. Processes that influence the environmental fate of each group, as determined primarily through laboratory studies, are reviewed, and important fate processes are identified. Environmental concentrations of compounds from each group in water, biota, and sediment are given to demonstrate representative values for comparison with concentrations determined during ongoing research. Finally, where data are sufficient, regional and temporal contamination trends in the United States are discussed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1007","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Witkowski, P., and Fusillo, T.V., 1988, Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1007, viii, 92 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1007.","productDescription":"viii, 92 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, James A.","contributorId":68718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witkowski, P.J.","contributorId":87120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkowski","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fusillo, Thomas V.","contributorId":106097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fusillo","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1093,"text":"wsp2316 - 1988 - Methods for delineating flood-prone areas in the Great Basin of Nevada and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2316","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2316","title":"Methods for delineating flood-prone areas in the Great Basin of Nevada and adjacent states","docAbstract":"The Great Basin is a region of about 210,000 square miles having no surface drainage to the ocean; it includes most of Nevada and parts of Utah, California, Oregon, Idaho, and Wyoming. The area is characterized by many parallel mountain ranges and valleys trending north-south. Stream channels usually are well defined and steep within the mountains, but on reaching the alluvial fan at the canyon mouth, they may diverge into numerous distributary channels, be discontinuous near the apex of the fan, or be deeply entrenched in the alluvial deposits. Larger rivers normally have well-defined channels to or across the valley floors, but all terminate at lakes or playas. \r\n\r\nMajor floods occur in most parts of the Great Basin and result from snowmelt, frontal-storm rainfall, and localized convective rainfall. Snowmelt floods typically occur during April-June. Floods resulting from frontal rain and frontal rain on snow generally occur during November-March. Floods resulting from convective-type rainfall during localized thunderstorms occur most commonly during the summer months. \r\n\r\nMethods for delineating flood-prone areas are grouped into five general categories: Detailed, historical, analytical, physiographic, and reconnaissance. The detailed and historical methods are comprehensive methods; the analytical and physiographic are intermediate; and the reconnaissance method is only approximate. Other than the reconnaissance method, each method requires determination of a T-year discharge (the peak rate of flow during a flood with long-term average recurrence interval of T years) and T-year profile and the development of a flood-boundary map. The procedure is different, however, for each method. Appraisal of the applicability of each method included consideration of its technical soundness, limitations and uncertainties, ease of use, and costs in time and money. \r\n\r\nOf the five methods, the detailed method is probably the most accurate, though most expensive. It is applicable to hydraulic and topographic conditions found in many parts of the Great Basin. \r\n\r\nThe historical method is also applicable over a wide range of conditions and is less expensive than the detailed method. However, it requires more historical flood data than are usually available, and experience and judgement are needed to obtain meaningful results. \r\n\r\nThe analytical method is also less expensive than the \r\ndetailed method and can be used over a wide range of conditions in which the T-year discharge can be determined directly. Experience, good judgement, and thorough knowledge of hydraulic principles are required to obtain adequate results, and the method has limited application in other than rigid-channel situations. \r\n\r\nThe physiographic method is applicable to rigid-boundary channels and is less accurate than the detailed method. \r\n\r\nThe reconnaissance method is relatively imprecise, but it may be the most rational method to use on alluvial fans or valley floors with discontinuous channels. \r\n\r\nIn general, a comprehensive method is most suitable for use with rigid-bank streams in urban areas; only an approximate method seems justified in undeveloped areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2316","usgsCitation":"Burkham, D., 1988, Methods for delineating flood-prone areas in the Great Basin of Nevada and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2316, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2316.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2316/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2316/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a19d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkham, D. E.","contributorId":97073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkham","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1893,"text":"wsp2319 - 1988 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19375,"text":"ofr84437 - 1984 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan Cutthroat trout eggs in the , west-central Nevada and eastern California","indexId":"ofr84437","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan Cutthroat trout eggs in the , west-central Nevada and eastern California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1893,"text":"wsp2319 - 1988 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","indexId":"wsp2319","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T11:44:23","indexId":"wsp2319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2319","title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has an ongoing program to assess the feasibility of reestablishing naturally spawning populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout in the Truckee River-Pyramid Lake system in Nevada. Previous in situ egg-survival studies have documented a 100 percent mortality of cutthroat trout eggs artificially planted in potential spawning gravels in the Truckee River downstream from Reno. The relation between ambient river-quality conditions and the observed mortality of eggs, however, has not been adequately documented. This study was designed to monitor the quality of surface and intragravel water during a trout-egg incubation period that began March 10, 1980. Five sites were monitored: two upstream from Reno (background sites), one near Reno, and two downstream from Wadsworth. \r\n\r\nAfter an incubation period of about 30 days, poor egg survival was recorded at all sites, including an unexpected high mortality at the upstream background sites. Analyses of the data indicated that the principal cause of egg mortality at the two downstream sites was low concentrations (less than 5 milligrams per liter) of intragravel dissolved oxygen. Low water temperatures, rather than degraded water-quality conditions, largely contributed to the poor survival at the upstream sites. \r\n\r\nBased on the results of this study, the following were considered unlikely to be mortality factors during the incubation period: (1) high water temperatures; (2) toxicity due to ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, and zinc; and (3) decreasing intragravel dissolved oxygen caused by inflow of oxygen-poor ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., and Scoppettone, G.G., 1988, Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2319, iv, 21 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2319.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. ","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Truckee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ],\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 40.23550866893913\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 40.23550866893913\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ],\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scoppettone, Gary G.","contributorId":23925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1684,"text":"wsp2322 - 1988 - Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13826,"text":"ofr85575 - 1986 - Leachate migration from an in situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr85575","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Leachate migration from an in situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1684,"text":"wsp2322 - 1988 - Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2322","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp2322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2322","title":"Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic factors influencing leachate movement from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming, were investigated through models of ground-water flow and solute transport. Leachate, indicated by the conservative ion thiocyanate, has been observed ? mile downgradient from the retort. The contaminated aquifer is part of the Green River Formation and consists of thin, permeable layers of tuff and sandstone interbedded with oil shale. Most solute migration has occurred in an 8-foot sandstone at the top of the aquifer. Ground-water flow in the study area is complexly three dimensional and is characterized by large vertical variations in hydraulic head. The solute-transport model was used to predict the concentration of thiocyanate at a point where ground water discharges to the land surface. Leachate with peak concentrations of thiocyanate--45 milligrams per liter or approximately one-half the initial concentration of retort water--was estimated to reach the discharge area during January 1985. \r\n\r\nThis report describes many of th3 advantages, as well as the problems, of site-specific studies. Data such as the distribution of thin, permeable beds or fractures might introduce an unmanageable degree of complexity to basin-wide studies but can be incorporated readily into site-specific models. Solute migration in the study area occurs primarily in thin, permeable beds rather than in oil-shale strata. Because of this behavior, leachate traveled far greater distances than might otherwise have been expected. The detail possible in site-specific models permits more accurate prediction of solute transport than is possible with basin-wide models. A major problem in site-specific studies is identifying model boundaries that permit the accurate estimation of aquifer properties. If the quantity of water flowing through a study area cannot be determined prior to modeling, the hydraulic conductivity and ground-water velocity will be poorly estimated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2322","usgsCitation":"Glover, K.C., 1988, Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2322, iv, 26 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2322.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2322/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26765,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2322/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glover, Kent C.","contributorId":53766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1160,"text":"wsp2234C - 1988 - Phytoplankton dynamics of the fresh, tidal Potomac River, Maryland, for the summers of 1979 to 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T19:58:22.718738","indexId":"wsp2234C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"C","title":"Phytoplankton dynamics of the fresh, tidal Potomac River, Maryland, for the summers of 1979 to 1981","docAbstract":"The distribution and abundance of phytoplankton in the fresh, tidal Potomac River, Md., was different during 1979-81 from that observed in the 1960's and 1970's. Concentrations \r\nof phytoplankton in the 1960's and 1970's reached maximum attainable levels that were limited only by self-shading. A sag in phytoplankton abundance, apparent during the summers of 1980 and 1981 between Rosier Bluff and Marshall Hall, appears to have been caused by the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea. Reduced abundance of phytoplankton throughout the entire fresh, tidal river during the summers of 1980 and 1981 may have been due to grazing by Corbicula, high discharge, and perhaps phosphorus limitation in late August at and downstream of Hallowing Point. Phytoplankton growth rates and chlorophyll-to-cell ratios were highest at Hatton Point and Marshall Hall (the sag reach). A model was constructed that predicted phytoplankton growth rates by varying only chlorophyll a concentration and light penetration. Nutrient concentrations were not required to make the model fit the data. \r\n\r\nPrimary productivity was highest for the year during August 1980 and August 1981. Productivity-per-unit chlorophyll was highest at Hatton Point, where reduced concentrations of phytoplankton permitted the deepest light penetration in the fresh, tidal river.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A water quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234C","usgsCitation":"Cohen, R.R., 1988, Phytoplankton dynamics of the fresh, tidal Potomac River, Maryland, for the summers of 1979 to 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234C.","productDescription":"vii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395562,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25405.htm"},{"id":25975,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.3712158203125,\n 38.212288054388175\n ],\n [\n -76.9097900390625,\n 38.212288054388175\n ],\n [\n -76.9097900390625,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -77.3712158203125,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -77.3712158203125,\n 38.212288054388175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Ronald R.H.","contributorId":87523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2538,"text":"wsp2309 - 1988 - Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"wsp2309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2309","title":"Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Streamflow on Long Island is derived principally from shallow ground water that flows above the deeper regional flow system. The movement of shallow ground water was studied during 1975-82 at Connetquot Brook, an undisturbed stream in Connetquot River State Park, in south-central Long Island, New York. The investigation encompassed (1) field studies of streamflow, ground-water levels, and age of water as indicated by tritium and dissolved-oxygen concentrations and (2) numerical simulation of the shallow flow system to evaluate the hydraulic factors that govern the direction of shallow ground-water flow near and beneath the stream. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of water-level data indicates that ground water flows essentially horizontally throughout the drainage basin except near and beneath the stream, where it moves vertically upward toward the stream discharge boundary. Water levels in wells driven directly into the streambed and into the streambank at three sites were 1 to 2 feet higher than stream stage in the first 5 feet of penetration. Increases in head, which were detected to depths of 30 feet beneath the streambed, indicate upward movement of water above that depth. Hydraulic conductivity of the streambed sediments was calculated from head gradients in the streambed and from measured stream seepage; values were between 11 and 15 feet per day. \r\n\r\nWater samples from selected wells were analyzed for dissolved-oxygen and tritium concentrations to determine the relative age of the water in an attempt to locate the bottom boundary of the shallow flow system. Dissolved oxygen showed no pattern, but tritium concentrations about 1,000 feet from the stream were lower than those near the stream. The tritium concentrations indicate that the lower flow boundary was between 45 and 100 feet below the water table. \r\n\r\nA two-dimensional cross-sectional flow model of the shallow flow system was developed. The near-stream model response compared well with field data when the streambed discharge boundary was simulated as a uniform leaky bed. A systematic sensitivity analysis was done to determine which factors have the greatest influence on hydraulic head in the system. Ten dimensional parameters that describe the important aspects of the flow system were combined into a series of dimensionless parameters to simplify analysis. Results indicate that (1) streambed factors (width and hydraulic conductivity) are most influential upon heads near the stream, (2) factors representing thickness of the shallow flow system influence heads distant from the stream but have a negligible effect near the stream, and (3) factors that represent the quantity of water entering the system (recharge) influence the heads throughout the area. \r\n\r\nField measurements of hydraulic head indicate that the thickness of the shallow flow system below the stream channel is about 30 feet. However, results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the shallow system's thickness has a negligible effect on head distribution beneath the stream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2309","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., Franke, O.L., and Reilly, T.E., 1988, Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2309, iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2309.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a832b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":145367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1309,"text":"wsp2196D - 1988 - Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13496,"text":"ofr85626 - 1986 - Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida; a summary of the river quality assessment","indexId":"ofr85626","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida; a summary of the river quality assessment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1309,"text":"wsp2196D - 1988 - Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment","indexId":"wsp2196D","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2196D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2196","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment","docAbstract":"During 1979-81, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a large-scale study of the Apalachicola River in northwest Florida, the largest and one of the most economically important rivers in the State. Termed the Apalachicola River Quality Assessment, the study emphasized interrelations among hydrodynamics, the flood-plain forest, and the nutrient-detritus flow through the river system to the estuary. This report summarizes major findings of the study. Data on accumulation of toxic substances in sediments and benthic organisms in the river were also collected. \r\n\r\nBecause of the multiple uses of the Apalachicola River system, there are many difficult management decisions. The river is a waterway for shipping; hence there is an economic incentive for modification to facilitate movement of barge traffic. Such modifications include the proposed construction of dams, levees, bend easings, and training dikes; ditching and draining in the flood plain; and dredging and snagging in the river channel. The river is also recognized as an important supplier of detritus, nutrients, and freshwater to the Apalachicola Bay, which maintains an economically important shellfish industry. The importance of this input to the bay creates an incentive to keep the river basin in a natural state. Other values, such as timber harvesting, recreation, sport hunting, nature appreciation, and wildlife habitat, add even more to the difficulty of selecting management strategies.\r\n\r\nWater and nutrient budgets based on data collected during the river assessment study indicate the relative importance of various inputs and outflows in the system. Waterflow is controlled primarily by rainfall in upstream watersheds and is not greatly affected by local precipitation, ground-water exchanges, or evapotranspiration in the basin. On an annual basis, the total nutrient inflow to the system is nearly equal in quantity to total outflow, but there is a difference between inflow and outflow in the chemical and physical forms in which the nutrients are carried. The flood plain tends to be a net importer of soluble inorganic nutrients and a net exporter of particulate organic material. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of long-term records shows that dam construction in the upstream watersheds and at the Apalachicola headwaters has had little effect on the total annual waterflow but has probably suppressed low-flow extremes. Other effects include riverbed degradation and channelization which have to do with alteration of the habitat for aquatic biota and changes in flood-plain vegetation. \r\n\r\nWhatever management decisions are made should take into account the impact on the natural flooding cycle. Flooding is crucial to the present flood-plain plant community and to the production, decomposition, and transport of organic material from that community. Permanent, substantial changes in the natural flooding cycle would be likely to induce concomitant changes in the flood-plain environment and in the nutrient and detritus yield to the estuary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2196D","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., Flagg, S.D., and Mattraw, H.C., 1988, Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2196, v, 46 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2196D.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2196d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2196d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, John F.","contributorId":23919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":143539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flagg, Sherron D.","contributorId":59422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flagg","given":"Sherron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattraw, Harold C. Jr.","contributorId":72360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattraw","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3873,"text":"cir878C - 1988 - Codes for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States and the Caribbean outlying areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"cir878C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"878","chapter":"C","title":"Codes for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States and the Caribbean outlying areas","docAbstract":"This standard provides codes to be used for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States, the Caribbean and other outlying areas. Outlying areas include Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Midway Islands, Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and miscellaneous Pacific Islands. Each code identifies an aquifer or rock-stratigraphic unit and its age designation. The codes provide a standardized base for use by organizations in the storage, retrieval, and exchange of ground-water data; the indexing and inventory of ground-water data and information; the cataloging of ground-water data acquisition activities; and a variety of other applications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir878C","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Codes for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States and the Caribbean outlying areas (Reprint): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 878, iii, C8 p. ;26 cm. (A. U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard), https://doi.org/10.3133/cir878C.","productDescription":"iii, C8 p. ;26 cm. 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Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies. Aquifers that can be defined by one or more high-seismic-velocity surface, such as (1) alluvial or glacial deposits in consolidated rock valleys, (2) limestone or sandstone underlain by metamorphic or igneous rock, or (3) saturated unconsolidated deposits overlain by unsaturated unconsolidated deposits, are ideally suited for seismic-refraction methods. These methods allow economical collection of subsurface data, provide the basis for more efficient collection of data by test drilling or aquifer tests, and result in improved hydrologic studies. This manual briefly reviews the basics of seismic-refraction theory and principles. It emphasizes the use of these techniques in hydrologic investigations and describes the planning, equipment, field procedures, and interpretation techniques needed for this type of study. Further-more, examples of the use of seismic-refraction techniques in a wide variety of hydrologic studies are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/twri02D2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1988, Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 02-D2, x, 86 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/twri02D2.","productDescription":"x, 86 p. 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A.","contributorId":78743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harenberg","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M.L.","contributorId":88731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Dell, I.","contributorId":80336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Dell","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cordes, S.C.","contributorId":106196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordes","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57617,"text":"wdrFL862B - 1988 - Water Resources Data for Florida, Water Year 1986. Volume 2B. South Florida - Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"wdrFL862B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-86-2B","title":"Water Resources Data for Florida, Water Year 1986. Volume 2B. South Florida - Ground Water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL862B","usgsCitation":"Haire, W., Sonenshein, R., Lietz, C., and Workman, E., 1988, Water Resources Data for Florida, Water Year 1986. Volume 2B. South Florida - Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-86-2B, 394 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL862B.","productDescription":"394 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haire, W.J.","contributorId":47341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haire","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lietz, C.","contributorId":22034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Workman, E.","contributorId":31827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57467,"text":"wdrNHVT861 - 1988 - Water Resources Data for New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T19:13:21.605288","indexId":"wdrNHVT861","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NH-VT-86-1","title":"Water Resources Data for New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1986","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNHVT861","usgsCitation":"Blackey, F., Cotton, J.E., and Denner, J., 1988, Water Resources Data for New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NH-VT-86-1, x, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNHVT861.","productDescription":"x, 140 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-86-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-86-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackey, F.E.","contributorId":51797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackey","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cotton, J. E.","contributorId":52976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denner, J.C.","contributorId":75562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57461,"text":"wdrMT872 - 1988 - Water resources data for Montana, water year 1987, volume 2: Columbia River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-10T11:10:11","indexId":"wdrMT872","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MT-87-2","title":"Water resources data for Montana, water year 1987, volume 2: Columbia River Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57621,"text":"wdrFL871A - 1988 - Water resources data for Florida, water year 1987. Volume 1A. Northeast Florida - surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-10T14:52:55.676094","indexId":"wdrFL871A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-87-1A","title":"Water resources data for Florida, water year 1987. Volume 1A. Northeast Florida - surface water","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1987 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 320 streams, periodic discharge for 38 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 29 streams, continuous or daily stage for 94 streams, periodic stage for 48 streams, peak discharge for 76 streams, and peak stage for 69 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 80 lakes, periodic elevations for 74 lakes; continuous groundwater levels for 477 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 562 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2,886 wells; quality-of-water data for 223 surface-water sites and 900 wells.
The data for northeast Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 125 streams, periodic discharge for 15 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 14 streams, continuous or daily stage for 45 streams, periodic stage for 27 streams, peak discharge for 26 streams, and peak stage for 27 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 39 lakes, periodic elevations for 53 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 81 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 150 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 969 wells; quality-of-water data for 59 surface-water sites and 105 wells.
These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55211,"text":"wdrIA871 - 1988 - Water resources data Iowa, water year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-09T12:22:54","indexId":"wdrIA871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IA-87-1","title":"Water resources data Iowa, water year 1987","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1987 water year for Iowa consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; ground water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge for 112 stream-gaging stations; stage or j contents for 8 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 8 stream-gaging stations; sediment! records for 10 stream-gaging stations; water levels for 112 observation wells; and chemical analyses for 197 municipal wells. Also included are 113 crest-stage partial record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wdrIA871","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau), Iowa Department of Transportation and with Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Melcher, N., Baebenroth, R., Detroy, M., Karsten, R., and Matthes, W., 1988, Water resources data Iowa, water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IA-87-1, xv, 345 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIA871.","productDescription":"xv, 345 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":87928,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/ia-87-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/ia-87-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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