A synthesis of old and new paleoclimatic data from the Pyramid and Winnemucca lake basins indicates that, between 48.0 and 11.5·103 calibrated years BP (hereafter ka), the climate of the western Great Basin was, to a degree, linked with the climate of the North Atlantic. Paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) records from Pyramid Lake core PLC08-1 were tied to the GISP2 ice-core record via PSV matches to North Atlantic sediment cores whose isotopic and(or) carbonate records could be linked to the GISP2 δ18O record. Relatively dry intervals in the western Great Basin were associated with cold Heinrich events and relatively wet intervals were associated with warm Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) oscillations. The association of western Great Basin dry events with North Atlantic cold events (and vice versa) switched sometime after the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) reached its maximum extent. For example, the Lahontan highstand, which culminated at 15.5 ka, and a period of elevated lake level between 13.1 and 11.7 ka were associated with cold North Atlantic conditions, the latter period with the Youngest Dryas event. Relatively dry periods were associated with the Bølling and Allerød warm events. A large percentage of the LIS may have been lost to the North Atlantic during Heinrich events 1 and 2 and may have resulted in the repositioning of the Polar Jet Stream over North America. The Trego Hot Springs, Wono, Carson Sink, and Marble Bluff tephras found in core PLC08-1 have been assigned GISP2 calendar ages of respectively, 29.9, 33.7, 34.1, and 43.2 ka. Given its unique trace-element chemistry, the Carson Sink Bed is the same as Wilson Creek Ash 15 in the Mono Lake Basin. This implies that the Mono Lake magnetic excursion occurred at approximately 34 ka and it is not the Laschamp magnetic excursion.
\nThe entrance of the First Americans into the northern Great Basin is dated to approximately 14.4 ka, a time when the climate was relatively dry. Evidence for human occupation of the Great Basin is lacking for the next 1100 years (y); i.e., the oldest western stemmed point site in the Great Basin dates to 13.3 ka. Two hypotheses are suggested for this cultural hiatus: (1) the climate had deteriorated to the point that people vacated the Great Basin, or (2) people moved to basin-bottom wetlands that persisted during the dry period, and then the subsequent Younger Dryas wet event erased the archaeological evidence deposited around the low-elevation wetland sites.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.040","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Smoot, J.P., Lund, S., Mensing, S., Foit, F., and Rye, R.O., 2013, Insights from a synthesis of old and new climate-proxy data from the Pyramid and Winnemucca lake basins for the period 48 to 11.5 cal ka: Quaternary International, v. 310, p. 62-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.040.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291008,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.7276,39.8377 ], [ -119.7276,40.298 ], [ -119.0835,40.298 ], [ -119.0835,39.8377 ], [ -119.7276,39.8377 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"310","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a049a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Larry","contributorId":13531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mensing, S.A.","contributorId":17024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensing","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foit, F.F. Jr.","contributorId":77749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foit","given":"F.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70118061,"text":"70118061 - 2013 - Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:36:51","indexId":"70118061","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T11:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada","docAbstract":"On the west side of the Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada, distinctive deeply carved meter-scale petroglyphs are closely spaced, forming panels on boulder-sized surfaces of a partially collapsed tufa mound. The large, complex motifs at this side are formed by deeply carved lines and cupules. A carbonate crust deposited between 10 200 and 9800 calibrated years B.P. (ka) coats petroglyphs at the base of the mound between elevations of 1202 and 1206 m. Petroglyphs above the carbonate crust are carved into a branching form of carbonate that dates to 14.8 ka. Radiocarbon dates on a multiple-layered algal tufa on the east side of the basin, which formed at an elevation of 1205 m, as well as a sediment-core-based total inorganic carbon record for the period 17.0–9.5 ka indicate that water level in the Winnemucca Lake subbasin was constrained by spill over the Emerson Pass Sill (1207 m) for most of the time between 12.9 ± 0.3 and ≥9.2 ka. These and other data indicate that the lake in the Winnemucca Lake subbasin fell beneath its spill point between 14.8 and 13.2 ka and also between 11.3 and 10.5 ka (or between 11.5 and 11.1 ka), exposing the base of the collapsed tufa mound to petroglyph carving. The tufa-based 14C record supports decreased lake levels between 14.8–13.2 ka and 11.3–10.5 ka. Native American artifacts found in the Lahontan Basin date to the latter time interval. This does not rule out the possibility that petroglyph carving occurred between 14.8 and 13.2 ka when Pyramid Lake was relatively shallow and Winnemucca Lake had desiccated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Hattori, E., Southon, J., and Aleck, B., 2013, Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 40, no. 12, p. 4466-4476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4466","endPage":"4476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291002,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Winnemucca Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.595742,39.985197 ], [ -119.595742,40.258229 ], [ -119.083505,40.258229 ], [ -119.083505,39.985197 ], [ -119.595742,39.985197 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a049c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Larry V. lbenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Larry","email":"lbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hattori, E.M.","contributorId":48371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattori","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southon, J.","contributorId":88922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleck, B.","contributorId":100298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleck","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118056,"text":"70118056 - 2013 - The aeromagnetic method as a tool to identify Cenozoic magmatism in the West Antarctic Rift System beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: a review; Thiel subglacial volcano as possible source of the ash layer in the WAISCOR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T14:17:16","indexId":"70118056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aeromagnetic method as a tool to identify Cenozoic magmatism in the West Antarctic Rift System beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: a review; Thiel subglacial volcano as possible source of the ash layer in the WAISCOR","docAbstract":"The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) flows through the volcanically active West Antarctic Rift System (WARS). The aeromagnetic method has been the most useful geophysical tool for identification of subglacial volcanic rocks, since 1959–64 surveys, particularly combined with 1978 radar ice-sounding. The unique 1991–97 Central West Antarctica (CWA) aerogeophysical survey covering 354,000 km2 over the WAIS, (5-km line-spaced, orthogonal lines of aeromagnetic, radar ice-sounding, and aerogravity measurements), still provides invaluable information on subglacial volcanic rocks, particularly combined with the older aeromagnetic profiles. These data indicate numerous 100–>1000 nT, 5–50-km width, shallow-source, magnetic anomalies over an area greater than 1.2 × 106 km2, mostly from subglacial volcanic sources. I interpreted the CWA anomalies as defining about 1000 “volcanic centers” requiring high remanent normal magnetizations in the present field direction. About 400 anomaly sources correlate with bed topography. At least 80% of these sources have less than 200 m relief at the WAIS bed. They appear modified by moving ice, requiring a younger age than the WAIS (about 25 Ma).
\nExposed volcanoes in the WARS are < 34 Ma, but at least four are active. If a few buried volcanic centers are active, subglacial volcanism may well affect the WAIS regime. Aerogeophysical data (Blankenship et al., 1993, Mt. Casertz; Corr and Vaughan, 2008, near Hudson Mts.) indicated active subglacial volcanism. Magnetic data indicate a caldera and a surrounding “low” in the WAISCORE vicinity possibly the result of a shallow Curie isotherm. High heat flow reported from temperature logging in the WAISCORE (Conway et al., 2011; Clow, personal commun.) and a volcanic ash layer (Dunbar, 2012) are consistent with this interpretation. A subaerially erupted subglacial volcano, (Mt Thiel), about 100 km distant, may be the ash source.
\nThe present rapid changes resulting from global warming, could be accelerated by subglacial volcanism.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.035","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., 2013, The aeromagnetic method as a tool to identify Cenozoic magmatism in the West Antarctic Rift System beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: a review; Thiel subglacial volcano as possible source of the ash layer in the WAISCOR: Tectonophysics, v. 585, p. 124-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.035.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"136","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290998,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.035"},{"id":290999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antartica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -163.7,-85.2 ], [ -163.7,-63.3 ], [ -57.1,-63.3 ], [ -57.1,-85.2 ], [ -163.7,-85.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"585","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a049e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118055,"text":"70118055 - 2013 - Volcanology: mobile magma under Antarctic ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T14:17:28","indexId":"70118055","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanology: mobile magma under Antarctic ice","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2011","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., 2013, Volcanology: mobile magma under Antarctic ice: Nature Geoscience, v. 6, no. 12, p. 990-991, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2011.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"991","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290996,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2011"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antartica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -163.7,-85.2 ], [ -163.7,-63.3 ], [ -57.1,-63.3 ], [ -57.1,-85.2 ], [ -163.7,-85.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a04a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047201,"text":"70047201 - 2013 - Observations of the northern seasonal polar cap on Mars: I. Spring sublimation activity and processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:37:23","indexId":"70047201","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of the northern seasonal polar cap on Mars: I. Spring sublimation activity and processes","docAbstract":"Spring sublimation of the seasonal CO2 northern polar cap is a dynamic process in the current Mars climate. Phenomena include dark fans of dune material propelled out onto the seasonal ice layer, polygonal cracks in the seasonal ice, sand flow down slipfaces, and outbreaks of gas and sand around the dune margins. These phenomena are concentrated on the north polar erg that encircles the northern residual polar cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been in orbit for three Mars years, allowing us to observe three northern spring seasons. Activity is consistent with and well described by the Kieffer model of basal sublimation of the seasonal layer of ice applied originally in the southern hemisphere. Three typical weak spots have been identified on the dunes for escape of gas sublimed from the bottom of the seasonal ice layer: the crest of the dune, the interface of the dune with the interdune substrate, and through polygonal cracks in the ice. Pressurized gas flows through these vents and carries out material entrained from the dune. Furrows in the dunes channel gas to outbreak points and may be the northern equivalent of southern radially-organized channels (“araneiform” terrain), albeit not permanent. Properties of the seasonal CO2 ice layer are derived from timing of seasonal events such as when final sublimation occurs. Modification of dune morphology shows that landscape evolution is occurring on Mars today, driven by seasonal activity associated with sublimation of the seasonal CO2 polar cap.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.024","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C., Byrne, S., Portyankina, G., Bourke, M.C., Dovichin, C.M., McEwen, A.S., Mellon, M.T., Pommerol, A., and Thomas, N., 2013, Observations of the northern seasonal polar cap on Mars: I. Spring sublimation activity and processes: Icarus, v. 225, no. 2, p. 881-897, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.024.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"881","endPage":"897","ipdsId":"IP-039274","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275372,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.024"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"225","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253eae4b0279fe2e1bfd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, C.J.","contributorId":72530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":192609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Portyankina, Ganna","contributorId":200703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portyankina","given":"Ganna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourke, Mary C.","contributorId":105992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dovichin, Colin M. 0000-0002-9325-5779 cdovichin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-5779","contributorId":4505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dovichin","given":"Colin","email":"cdovichin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pommerol, Antoine","contributorId":203693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pommerol","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70047195,"text":"70047195 - 2013 - Crater-based dating of geological units on Mars: methods and application for the new global geological map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T14:48:10","indexId":"70047195","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T09:25:42","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crater-based dating of geological units on Mars: methods and application for the new global geological map","docAbstract":"The new, post-Viking generation of Mars orbital imaging and topographical data provide significant higher-resolution details of surface morphologies, which induced a new effort to photo-geologically map the surface of Mars at 1:20,000,000 scale. Although from unit superposition relations a relative stratigraphical framework can be compiled, it was the ambition of this mapping project to provide absolute unit age constraints through crater statistics. In this study, the crater counting method is described in detail, starting with the selection of image data, type locations (both from the mapper’s and crater counter’s perspectives) and the identification of impact craters. We describe the criteria used to validate and analyse measured crater populations, and to derive and interpret crater model ages. We provide examples of how geological information about the unit’s resurfacing history can be retrieved from crater size–frequency distributions. Three cases illustrate short-, intermediate, and long-term resurfacing histories. In addition, we introduce an interpretation-independent visualisation of the crater resurfacing history that uses the reduction of the crater population in a given size range relative to the expected population given the observed crater density at larger sizes. From a set of potential type locations, 48 areas from 22 globally mapped units were deemed suitable for crater counting. Because resurfacing ages were derived from crater statistics, these secondary ages were used to define the unit age rather than the base age. Using the methods described herein, we modelled ages that are consistent with the interpreted stratigraphy. Our derived model ages allow age assignments to be included in unit names. We discuss the limitations of using the crater dating technique for global-scale geological mapping. Finally, we present recommendations for the documentation and presentation of crater statistics in publications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.021","usgsCitation":"Platz, T., Michael, G., Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J., and Fortezzo, C.M., 2013, Crater-based dating of geological units on Mars: methods and application for the new global geological map: Icarus, v. 225, no. 1, p. 806-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.021.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"806","endPage":"827","ipdsId":"IP-041115","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"225","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e9e4b0279fe2e1bfcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platz, Thomas","contributorId":64974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platz","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Gregory","contributorId":46393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047203,"text":"tm1D5 - 2013 - Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T09:15:56","indexId":"tm1D5","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1-D5","title":"Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting","docAbstract":"The recent commercial availability of in situ optical sensors, together with new techniques for data collection and analysis, provides the opportunity to monitor a wide range of water-quality constituents on time scales in which environmental conditions actually change. Of particular interest is the application of ultraviolet (UV) photometers for in situ determination of nitrate concentrations in rivers and streams. The variety of UV nitrate sensors currently available differ in several important ways related to instrument design that affect the accuracy of their nitrate concentration measurements in different types of natural waters. This report provides information about selection and use of UV nitrate sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey to facilitate the collection of high-quality data across studies, sites, and instrument types.\n\nFor those in need of technical background and information about sensor selection, this report addresses the operating principles, key features and sensor design, sensor characterization techniques and typical interferences, and approaches for sensor deployment. For those needing information about maintaining sensor performance in the field, key sections in this report address maintenance and calibration protocols, quality-assurance techniques, and data formats and reporting. Although the focus of this report is UV nitrate sensors, many of the principles can be applied to other in situ optical sensors for water-quality studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section D: Water quality in Book 1 Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1D5","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 5 of Section D: Water quality in Book 1 Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Downing, B.D., Saraceno, J., Garrett, J.D., and Olsen, L., 2013, Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-D5, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D5.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm1D5.jpg"},{"id":275369,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d5/"},{"id":275368,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d5/pdf/tm1d5.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253eae4b0279fe2e1bfd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrett, Jessica D. 0000-0002-4466-3709 jgarrett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-3709","contributorId":4229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jessica","email":"jgarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178335,"text":"70178335 - 2013 - Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T18:05:02.898103","indexId":"70178335","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"Northern peatlands appear to hold large volumes of free‐phase gas (e.g., CH4 and CO2), which has been detected by surface deformations, pore pressure profiles, and electromagnetic surveys. Determining the gas content and its impact in peat is challenging because gas storage depends on both the elastic properties of the peat matrix and the buoyant forces exerted by pore fluids. We therefore used a viscoelastic deformation model to estimate these variables by adjusting model runs to reproduce observed changes in peat surface elevation within a 1300 km2 peatland. A local GPS network documented significant changes in surface elevations throughout the year with the greatest vertical displacements associated with rapid changes in peat water content and unloadings due to melting of the winter snowpack. These changes were coherent with changes in water table elevation and also abnormal pore pressure changes measured by nests of instrumented piezometers. The deformation model reproduced these changes when the gas content was adjusted to 10% of peat volume, and Young's modulus was varied between 5 and 100 kPa as the peat profile shifted from tension to compression. In contrast, the model predicted little peat deformation when the gas content was 3% or lower. These model simulations are consistent with previous estimates of gas volume in northern peatlands and suggest an upper limit of gas storage controlled by the elastic moduli of the peat fabric.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JG002404","usgsCitation":"Reeve, A., Glaser, P., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2013, Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. 4, p. 1616-1626, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002404.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1616","endPage":"1626","ipdsId":"IP-048928","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jg002404","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Red Lake Peatlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.49615478515625,\n 48.19721822655714\n ],\n [\n -94.5867919921875,\n 48.211862417203214\n ],\n [\n -94.69390869140625,\n 48.21735290928554\n ],\n [\n -94.80926513671875,\n 48.20087966673985\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 48.189894561126884\n ],\n [\n -95.04547119140625,\n 48.188063481211415\n ],\n [\n -95.17730712890625,\n 48.193556524687395\n ],\n [\n -95.44097900390625,\n 48.182569848918526\n ],\n [\n -95.63873291015625,\n 48.182569848918526\n ],\n [\n -95.701904296875,\n 48.219182942479165\n ],\n [\n -95.723876953125,\n 48.270397314685724\n ],\n [\n -95.71563720703125,\n 48.29963964777105\n ],\n [\n -95.69641113281249,\n 48.3434717583591\n ],\n [\n -95.657958984375,\n 48.381793961204984\n ],\n [\n -95.63323974609374,\n 48.4164415885222\n ],\n [\n -95.61126708984375,\n 48.454708881876854\n ],\n [\n -95.60028076171875,\n 48.500227605781035\n ],\n [\n -95.5426025390625,\n 48.5402503014931\n ],\n [\n -95.3668212890625,\n 48.58932584966975\n ],\n [\n -95.2020263671875,\n 48.612937834706464\n ],\n [\n -94.88616943359375,\n 48.58750908593607\n ],\n [\n -94.84222412109375,\n 48.58750908593607\n ],\n [\n -94.70489501953125,\n 48.56388521347092\n ],\n [\n -94.54559326171875,\n 48.52206208716401\n ],\n [\n -94.405517578125,\n 48.45106561953216\n ],\n [\n -94.3341064453125,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -94.24621582031249,\n 48.244796538712365\n ],\n [\n -94.27642822265625,\n 48.17524408990215\n ],\n [\n -94.37530517578125,\n 48.1642534885474\n ],\n [\n -94.49615478515625,\n 48.19721822655714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5826b95ce4b01fad86eb905a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glaser, P.H.","contributorId":13791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188810,"text":"70188810 - 2013 - Implications for late Grenvillian (Rigolet phase) construction of Rodinia using new U-Pb data from the Mars Hill terrane, Tennessee and North Carolina, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:02:54","indexId":"70188810","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications for late Grenvillian (Rigolet phase) construction of Rodinia using new U-Pb data from the Mars Hill terrane, Tennessee and North Carolina, United States","docAbstract":"New data for zircon (external morphology, cathodoluminescence zoning, and sensitive high resolution ion microprobe [SHRIMP] U-Pb ages) from the Carvers Gap granulite gneiss of the Mars Hill terrane (Tennessee and North Carolina, United States) require reevaluation of interpretations of the age and origin of this rock. The new results indicate that the zircon is detrital and that the sedimentary protolith of this gneiss (and related Cloudland gneiss) was deposited no earlier than ca. 1.02 Ga and was metamorphosed at ca. 0.98 Ga. Tectonic models that included the gneiss as a piece of 1.8 Ga Amazonian crust (perhaps as part of the hypothetical Columbia supercontinent) are now untenable. The remarkably fast cycle of exhumation, erosion, deposition, and deep burial also is characteristic of other late Grenvillian (post-Ottawan) Mesoproterozoic paragneisses that occur throughout the Appalachians. These rocks provide new evidence for the duration of the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent lasting until at least 0.98 Ma.
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Conflicts between visitors and wildlife are raising concerns about system resiliency and sustainable management. In order to quantify the spatial and temporal impacts of OHV use it is imperative to know about the timing and patterns of vehicle use. This study tested and used multiple vehicle-counter types to study vehicular OHV use patterns and volume throughout a mountainous road network in western Colorado. OHV counts were analyzed by time of day, day of week, season, and year. While daily use peaked within a two to three hour range for all sites, the overall volume of use varied among sites on an annual basis. The data also showed that there are at least two distinct patterns of OHV use: one dominated by a majority of use on weekends, and the other with continuous use throughout the week. This project provided important, but rarely captured, metrics about patterns of OHV use in a remote, mountainous region of Colorado. The techniques described here can provide land managers with a quantitative evaluation of OHV use across the landscape, an essential foundation for travel management planning. 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Investigations are carried out by the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Hawaii Manoa and Hilo, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program. This report lists publications from all these institutions. Only published papers and maps are included here; abstracts presented at scientific meetings are omitted. 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All parasites were identified by a combination of morphology and mtDNA cytochrome-oxidase-2 sequence (mtDNA cox2) analysis, except Contracaecum osculatum s.l., for which only the latter was used. Five larval taxa were associated with pathological changes including 2 sibling species (D and E) of the C. osculatum species complex and 3 cestodes including plerocercoids of a diphyllobothridean, and 2 tetraphyllidean forms including cercoids with monolocular and bilocular bothridia. The most heavily infected hosts were C. hamatus and C. mawsoni, with C. hamatus most often infected by C. osculatum sp. D and sp. E and diphyllobothrideans, while C. mawsoni was most often infected with tetraphyllidean forms. Histologically, all fish showed varying severity of chronic inflammation associated with larval forms of helminths. Diphyllobothrideans and C. osculatum spp. were located in gastric muscularis or liver and were associated with necrosis and mild to marked fibrosis. Moderate multifocal rectal mucosal chronic inflammation was associated with attached tetraphyllidean scolices. C. hamatus showed a strong negative correlation between BCI and parasite burden.
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2013 - Introduction to the fifth Mars Polar Science special issue: key questions, needed observations, and recommended investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T15:14:59","indexId":"70047183","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the fifth Mars Polar Science special issue: key questions, needed observations, and recommended investigations","docAbstract":"The Fifth International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration – which was held from September 12–16, 2011, at the Pike’s Waterfront Lodge in Fairbanks, Alaska – is the latest in a continuing series of meetings that are intended to promote the exchange of knowledge and ideas between planetary and terrestrial scientists interested in Mars polar and climate research (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/polar2011/polar20113rd.html). The conference was sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA’s Mars Program Office, University of Alaska Fairbanks, International Association of Cryospheric Sciences and the Centre for Research in Earth and Space Sciences at York University.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.005","usgsCitation":"Clifford, S.M., Yoshikawa, K., Byrne, S., Durham, W., Fisher, D., Forget, F., Hecht, M., Smith, P., Tamppari, L., Titus, T., and Zurek, R., 2013, Introduction to the fifth Mars Polar Science special issue: key questions, needed observations, and recommended investigations: Icarus, v. 225, no. 2, p. 864-868, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.005.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"864","endPage":"868","ipdsId":"IP-044534","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275348,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.005"},{"id":275329,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103513001656"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"225","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e959e4b04309f4e38cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifford, Stephen M.","contributorId":7984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoshikawa, Kenji","contributorId":59708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshikawa","given":"Kenji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, William","contributorId":81393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, David","contributorId":62108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forget, Francois","contributorId":21052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forget","given":"Francois","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hecht, Michael","contributorId":82600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecht","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Peter","contributorId":63853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tamppari, Leslie","contributorId":92951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamppari","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Titus, Timothy","contributorId":49686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zurek, Richard","contributorId":26952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zurek","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70047188,"text":"70047188 - 2013 - Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T14:28:49","indexId":"70047188","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T14:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels","docAbstract":"Ecotones are areas of sharp environmental gradients between two or more homogeneous vegetation types. They are a dynamic aspect of all landscapes and are also responsive to climate change. Shifts in the position of an ecotone across a landscape can be an indication of a changing environment. In the coastal Everglades of Florida, USA, a dominant ecotone type is that of mangrove forest and marsh. However, there is a variety of plants that can form the marsh component, including sawgrass (Cladium mariscus [L.] Pohl), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus Scheele), and spikerush (Eleocharis spp.). Environmental factors including water depth, soil type, and occurrence of fires vary across these ecotones, influencing their dynamics. Altered freshwater inflows from upstream and increasing sea level over the past 100 years may have also had an impact. We analyzed a time series of historical aerial photographs for a number of sites in the coastal Everglades and measured change in position of mangrove–marsh ecotones. For three sites, detailed maps were produced and the area of marsh, mangrove, and other habitats was determined for five periods spanning the years 1928 to 2004. Contrary to our initial hypothesis on fire, we found that fire did not prevent mangrove expansion into marsh areas but may in fact assist mangroves to invade some marsh habitats, especially sawgrass. Disparate patterns in mangrove–marsh change were measured at two downstream sites, both of which had multiple fires over from 1948 to 2004. No change in mangrove or marsh area was measured at one site. Mangrove area increased and marsh area decreased at the second of these fire-impacted sites. We measured a significant increase in mangrove area and a decline in marsh area at an upstream site that had little occurrence of fire. At this site, water levels have increased significantly as sea level has risen, and this has probably been a factor in the mangrove expansion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0901066","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., Foster, A.M., Tiling-Range, G., and Jones, J., 2013, Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels: Fire Ecology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 66-77, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-040254","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275338,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5183,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e94fe4b04309f4e38cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Ann M. amfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Ann","email":"amfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiling-Range, Ginger","contributorId":11914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiling-Range","given":"Ginger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047191,"text":"ds720 - 2013 - EAARL coastal topography and imagery–Western Louisiana, post-Hurricane Rita, 2005: First surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T03:32:02.774678","indexId":"ds720","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"720","title":"EAARL coastal topography and imagery–Western Louisiana, post-Hurricane Rita, 2005: First surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced color-infrared (CIR) imagery and elevation measurements of lidar-derived first-surface (FS) topography datasets were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia. This project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of the Louisiana coastline beachface, acquired post-Hurricane Rita on September 27-28 and October 2, 2005. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar instrument originally developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multispectral color-infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. Elevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations. For more information about similar projects, please visit the Lidar for Science and Resource Management Website.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds720","usgsCitation":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J.M., Wright, W.C., Fredericks, X., Klipp, E.S., Nagle, D., Sallenger, A., and Brock, J., 2013, EAARL coastal topography and imagery–Western Louisiana, post-Hurricane Rita, 2005: First surface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 720, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds720.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/720/title.html"},{"id":275343,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/720/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.00837692113316,\n 30.239834373180088\n ],\n [\n -94.00837692113316,\n 29.170414182419464\n ],\n [\n -91.68628733181568,\n 29.170414182419464\n ],\n [\n -91.68628733181568,\n 30.239834373180088\n ],\n [\n -94.00837692113316,\n 30.239834373180088\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e959e4b04309f4e38cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonisteel-Cormier, Jamie M.","contributorId":18085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel-Cormier","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Wayne C.","contributorId":6747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan 0000-0001-7186-6555 afredericks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-6555","contributorId":2972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","email":"afredericks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagle, Doug B.","contributorId":34802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"Doug B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047187,"text":"ofr20131161 - 2013 - Thermokarst and thaw-related landscape dynamics -- an annotated bibliography with an emphasis on potential effects on habitat and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:51:46","indexId":"ofr20131161","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T09:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1161","title":"Thermokarst and thaw-related landscape dynamics -- an annotated bibliography with an emphasis on potential effects on habitat and wildlife","docAbstract":"Permafrost has warmed throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere since the 1980s, with colder permafrost sites warming more rapidly (Romanovsky and others, 2010; Smith and others, 2010). Warming of the near-surface permafrost may lead to widespread terrain instability in ice-rich permafrost in the Arctic and the Subarctic, and may result in thermokarst development and other thaw-related landscape features (Jorgenson and others, 2006; Gooseff and others, 2009). Thermokarst and other thaw-related landscape features result from varying modes and scales of permafrost thaw, subsidence, and removal of material. An increase in active-layer depth, water accumulation on the soil surface, permafrost degradation and associated retreat of the permafrost table, and changes to lake shores and coastal bluffs act and interact to create thermokarst and other thaw-related landscape features (Shur and Osterkamp, 2007). There is increasing interest in the spatial and temporal dynamics of thermokarst and other thaw-related features from diverse disciplines including landscape ecology, hydrology, engineering, and biogeochemistry. Therefore, there is a need to synthesize and disseminate knowledge on the current state of near-surface permafrost terrain.\n\nThe term \"thermokarst\" originated in the Russian literature, and its scientific use has varied substantially over time (Shur and Osterkamp, 2007). The modern definition of thermokarst refers to the process by which characteristic landforms result from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice (van Everdingen, 1998), or, more specifically, the thawing of ice-rich permafrost and (or) melting of massive ice that result in consolidation and deformation of the soil surface and formation of specific forms of relief (Shur, 1988). Jorgenson (2013) identifies 23 distinct thermokarst and other thaw-related features in the Arctic, Subarctic, and Antarctic based primarily on differences in terrain condition, ground-ice volume, and heat and mass transfer processes. Typical Arctic thermokarst landforms include thermokarst lakes, collapsed pingos, sinkholes, and pits. Thermokarst is differentiated from thermal erosion, which refers to the erosion of the land surface by thermal and mechanical processes (Mackay, 1970; van Everdingen, 1998). Typical thermal erosional features include thermo-erosional gullies. Thermal abrasion is further differentiated from thermokarst and thermal erosion by association with the reworking of ocean, river, and lake bluffs (Are, 1988). Typical thermo-abrasion features include erosional niches at the base of bluffs. Thermal denudation is another distinct term that refers to the effect of incoming solar energy on the thaw of frozen slopes and permafrost bodies that subsequently become transported downhill by gravity (Shur and Osterkamp, 2007). Active layer detachment slides and thaw slumps are typical thermal denudation features. Shur and Osterkamp (2007) noted that these various transport processes may occur together with thermokarst or in instances that would not be considered thermokarst.\n\nThis compilation of references regarding thermokarst and other thaw-related features is focused on the Arctic and the Subarctic. References were drawn from North America as well as Siberia. English-language literature mostly was targeted, with 167 references annotated in version 1.0; however, an additional 28 Russian-language references were taken from Shur and Osterkamp (2007) and are provided at the end of this document. This compilation may be missing key references and inevitably will become outdated soon after publication. We hope that this document, version 1.0, will serve as the foundation for a comprehensive compilation of thermokarst and permafrost-terrain stability references, and that it will be updated continually over the coming years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131161","collaboration":"Compiled for the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Amundson, C.L., Koch, J.C., and Grosse, G., 2013, Thermokarst and thaw-related landscape dynamics -- an annotated bibliography with an emphasis on potential effects on habitat and wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1161, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131161.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131161.bmp"},{"id":275340,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1161/"},{"id":275339,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1161/pdf/ofr20131161.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e95de4b04309f4e38cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047186,"text":"ofr20131151 - 2013 - Quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T09:48:45","indexId":"ofr20131151","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T09:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1151","title":"Quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center","docAbstract":"This report documents the standard procedures, policies, and field methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Washington Water Science Center staff for activities related to the collection, processing, analysis, storage, and publication of groundwater data. This groundwater quality-assurance plan changes through time to accommodate new methods and requirements developed by the Washington Water Science Center and the USGS Office of Groundwater. The plan is based largely on requirements and guidelines provided by the USGS Office of Groundwater, or the USGS Water Mission Area. Regular updates to this plan represent an integral part of the quality-assurance process. Because numerous policy memoranda have been issued by the Office of Groundwater since the previous groundwater quality assurance plan was written, this report is a substantial revision of the previous report, supplants it, and contains significant additional policies not covered in the previous report.\n\nThis updated plan includes information related to the organization and responsibilities of USGS Washington Water Science Center staff, training, safety, project proposal development, project review procedures, data collection activities, data processing activities, report review procedures, and archiving of field data and interpretative information pertaining to groundwater flow models, borehole aquifer tests, and aquifer tests. Important updates from the previous groundwater quality assurance plan include: (1) procedures for documenting and archiving of groundwater flow models; (2) revisions to procedures and policies for the creation of sites in the Groundwater Site Inventory database; (3) adoption of new water-level forms to be used within the USGS Washington Water Science Center; (4) procedures for future creation of borehole geophysics, surface geophysics, and aquifer-test archives; and (5) use of the USGS Multi Optional Network Key Entry System software for entry of routine water-level data collected as part of long-term water-level monitoring networks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131151","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and Kahle, S.C., 2013, Quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1151, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131151.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131151.bmp"},{"id":275335,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1151/pdf/ofr20131151.pdf"},{"id":275336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1151/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e95de4b04309f4e38cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047185,"text":"sim3100 - 2013 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Kuskokwim Bay region, southwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T21:26:29.556909","indexId":"sim3100","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T09:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3100","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Kuskokwim Bay region, southwest Alaska","docAbstract":"The rocks of the map area range from Proterozoic age metamorphic rocks of the Kanektok metamorphic complex (Kilbuck terrane) to Quaternary age mafic volcanic rocks of Nunivak Island. The map area encompasses much of the type area of the Togiak-Tikchik Complex. The geologic maps used to construct this compilation were, for the most part, reconnaissance studies done in the time period from the 1950s to 1990s. Pioneering work in the map area by J.M. Hoare and W.L. Coonrad forms the basis for much of this map, either directly or as the stepping off point for later studies compiled here.\n\nPhysiographically, the map area ranges from glaciated mountains, as much as 1,500 m high, in the Ahklun Mountains to the coastal lowlands of northern Bristol Bay and the Kuskokwim River delta. The mountains and the finger lakes (drowned fiords) on the east have been strongly affected by Pleistocene and Holocene glaciation.\n\nWithin the map area are a number of major faults. The Togiak-Tikchik Fault and its extension to the northeast, the Holitna Fault, are considered extensions of the Denali fault system of central Alaska. Other sub-parallel faults include the Golden Gate, Sawpit, Goodnews, and East Kulukak Faults. Northwest-trending strike-slip faults crosscut and offset northeast-trending fault systems.\n\nRocks of the area are assigned to a number of distinctive lithologic packages. Most distinctive among these packages are the high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Kanektok metamorphic complex or Kilbuck terrane, composed of a high-grade metamorphic orthogneiss core surrounded by greenschist and amphibolite facies schist, gneiss, and rare marble and quartzite. These rocks have yielded radiometric ages strongly suggestive of a 2.05 Ga emplacement age. Poorly known Paleozoic rocks, including Ordovician to Devonian and Permian limestone, are found east of the Kanektok metamorphic complex. A Triassic(?) ophiolite complex is on the southeast side of Kuskokwim Bay; otherwise only minor Triassic rock units are known. The most widespread rocks of the area are Jurassic and Early Cretaceous(?) volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. The Kuskokwim Group flysch is restricted largely to the northeast part of the map area. It consists primarily of shelf and minor nearshore facies rocks. Primarily exposed in the lowlands west of the Ahklun Mountains, extensive latest Tertiary and Quaternary alkalic basalt flows and lesser pyroclastic rocks form much of the bedrock of the remaining area. On Saint Matthew Island, Cretaceous volcanic and pyroclastic rocks occur that are not found elsewhere within the map area. The Kuskokwim Group and older rocks, including on Saint Matthew Island, but not the Kanektok metamorphic complex, are intruded by widely dispersed Late Cretaceous and (or) Early Tertiary granitic rocks. Much of the lowland area is mantled by unconsolidated deposits that include glacial, alluvial and fluvial, marine, estuarine, and eolian deposits. These formed during several episodes of Quaternary glaciation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3100","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Hults, C.P., Mohadjer, S., and Coonrad, W.L., 2013, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Kuskokwim Bay region, southwest Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3100, Pamphlet: i, 45 p.; 1 Sheet: 50.00 × 46.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3100.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: i, 45 p.; 1 Sheet: 50.00 × 46.06 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3100.PNG"},{"id":398879,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98678.htm"},{"id":275333,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3100/sim3100_map.pdf"},{"id":275331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3100/"},{"id":275332,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3100/sim3100_pamphlet.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -173.1231,\n 56.5\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 56.5\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -173.1231,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -173.1231,\n 56.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e95de4b04309f4e38cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohadjer, Solmaz","contributorId":61518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohadjer","given":"Solmaz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coonrad, Warren L.","contributorId":47481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coonrad","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041084,"text":"70041084 - 2013 - Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:35:57","indexId":"70041084","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T15:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea","docAbstract":"Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. To reduce the impact of Japanese encephalitis among children in the Republic of Korea (ROK), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. Through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the ROK during the period of 1984-2009. However, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis, including 7 deaths. This represented a >12-fold increase in the number of confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK as compared to the mean number reported over the last 26 years and a 3.7-fold increase over the highest annual number of cases during this same period (7 cases). Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted during the 2010 outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK. A total of 6,328 culicine mosquitoes belonging to 12 species from 5 genera were collected at 6 survey sites from June through October 2010 and assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of JEV. A total of 34/371 pooled samples tested positive for JEV (29/121 Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 4/64 Cx. pipiens, and 1/26 Cx. bitaeniorhynchus) as confirmed by sequencing of the pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes. The maximum likelihood estimates of JEV positive individuals per 1,000 culicine vectors for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus were 11.8, 5.6, and 2.8, respectively. Sequences of the JEV pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes amplified from the culicine mosquitoes by RT-PCR were compared with those of JEV genotypes I-V. Phylogenetic analyses support the detection of a single genotype (I) among samples collected from the ROK in 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0055165","usgsCitation":"Seo, H., Kim, H.C., Klein, T., Ramey, A.M., Lee, J., Kyung, S., Park, J., Cho, I., and Yeh, J., 2013, Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 2, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055165.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-038870","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055165","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275324,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055165"},{"id":275325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Korea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 124.3548,33.145 ], [ 124.3548,38.6235 ], [ 130.4345,38.6235 ], [ 130.4345,33.145 ], [ 124.3548,33.145 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ef97d5e4b0b09fbe58f151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seo, Hyun-Ji","contributorId":63289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seo","given":"Hyun-Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Heung Chul","contributorId":76625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Heung","email":"","middleInitial":"Chul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, Terry A.","contributorId":76207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Ji-Hyee","contributorId":17120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Ji-Hyee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kyung, Soon-Goo","contributorId":97403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyung","given":"Soon-Goo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Park, Jee-Yong","contributorId":9155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Jee-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cho, In-Soo","contributorId":105617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cho","given":"In-Soo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yeh, Jung-Yong","contributorId":30892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeh","given":"Jung-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}