{"pageNumber":"149","pageRowStart":"3700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":24087,"text":"ofr00203 - 2000 - Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr00203","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-203","title":"Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1999","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected 13 surface-water samples and 3 replicates from 5 sites in the West Branch Canal Creek area at Aberdeen Proving Ground from February through August 1999, as a part of an investigation of ground-water contamination and natural attenuation processes. The samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform, which are the four major contaminants that were detected in ground water in the Canal Creek area in earlier USGS studies. Field blanks were collected during the sampling period to assess sample bias. Field replicates were used to assess sample variability, which was expressed as relative percent difference. The mean variability of the surface-water replicate analyses was larger (35.4 percent) than the mean variability of ground-water replicate analyses (14.6 percent) determined for West Branch Canal Creek from 1995 through 1996. The higher variability in surface-water analyses is probably due to heterogeneities in the composition of the surface water rather than differences in sampling or analytical procedures. The most frequently detected volatile organic compound was 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane, which was detected in every sample and in two of the replicates. The surface-water contamination is likely the result of cross-media transfer of contaminants from the ground water and sediments along the West Branch Canal Creek. The full extent of surface-water contamination in West Branch Canal Creek and the locations of probable contaminant sources cannot be determined from this limited set of data. Tidal mixing, creek flow patterns, and potential effects of a drought that occurred during the sampling period also complicate the evaluation of surface-water contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00203","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Olsen, L., and Spencer, T.A., 2000, Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-203, iv, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00203.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22557,"text":"ofr2000422 - 2000 - A Synopsis of Technical Issues of Concern for Monitoring Trace Elements in Highway and Urban Runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr2000422","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-422","title":"A Synopsis of Technical Issues of Concern for Monitoring Trace Elements in Highway and Urban Runoff","docAbstract":"Trace elements, which are regulated for aquatic life protection, are a primary concern in highway- and urban-runoff studies because stormwater runoff may transport these constituents from the land surface to receiving waters. Many of these trace elements are essential for biological activity and become detrimental only when geologic or anthropogenic sources exceed concentrations beyond ranges typical of the natural environment. The Federal Highway Administration and State Transportation Agencies are concerned about the potential effects of highway runoff on the watershed scale and for the management and protection of watersheds. Transportation agencies need information that is documented as valid, current, and scientifically defensible to support planning and management decisions. There are many technical issues of concern for monitoring trace elements; therefore, trace-element data commonly are considered suspect, and the responsibility to provide data-quality information to support the validity of reported results rests with the data-collection agency.\r\n\r\nPaved surfaces are fundamentally different physically, hydraulically, and chemically from the natural surfaces typical of most freshwater systems that have been the focus of many traceelement- monitoring studies. Existing scientific conceptions of the behavior of trace elements in the environment are based largely upon research on natural systems, rather than on systems typical of pavement runoff. Additionally, the logistics of stormwater sampling are difficult because of the great uncertainty in the occurrence and magnitude of storm events. Therefore, trace-element monitoring programs may be enhanced if monitoring and sampling programs are automated. Automation would standardize the process and provide a continuous record of the variations in flow and water-quality characteristics.\r\n\r\nGreat care is required to collect and process samples in a manner that will minimize potential contamination or attenuation of trace elements and other sources of bias and variability in the sampling process. Trace elements have both natural and anthropogenic sources that may affect the sampling process, including the sample-collection and handling materials used in many trace-element monitoring studies. Trace elements also react with these materials within the timescales typical for collection, processing and analysis of runoff samples. To study the characteristics and potential effects of trace elements in highway and urban runoff, investigators typically sample one or more operationally defined matrixes including: whole water, dissolved (filtered water), suspended sediment, bottom sediment, biological tissue, and contaminant sources. The sampling and analysis of each of these sample matrixes can provide specific information about the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in runoff and receiving waters. There are, however, technical concerns specific to each matrix that must be understood and addressed through use of proper collection and processing protocols. Valid protocols are designed to minimize inherent problems and to maximize the accuracy, precision, comparability, and representativeness of data collected. Documentation, including information about monitoring protocols, quality assurance and quality control efforts, and ancillary data also is necessary to establish data quality. This documentation is especially important for evaluation of historical traceelement monitoring data, because trace-element monitoring protocols and analysis methods have been constantly changing over the past 30 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000422","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., and Granato, G., 2000, A Synopsis of Technical Issues of Concern for Monitoring Trace Elements in Highway and Urban Runoff: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-422, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000422.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ce4b0b290850ef272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31158,"text":"ofr2000233 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:08:51","indexId":"ofr2000233","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-233","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Sauk River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-233, Document: 8 p.; Plate: 31.03 x 29.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000233.","productDescription":"Document: 8 p.; Plate: 31.03 x 29.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2000233.JPG"},{"id":12213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-233.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-233-plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Sauk River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.58198547363281, 45.66444628645173 ], [ -94.57649230957031, 45.66060720625647 ], [ -94.57855224609375, 45.64812837751117 ], [ -94.59228515625, 45.63996763988405 ], [ -94.59297180175781, 45.62652383350405 ], [ -94.60464477539061, 45.6178796835697 ], [ 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A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Brian C.","contributorId":49832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31169,"text":"ofr00351 - 2000 - Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T20:18:19.696676","indexId":"ofr00351","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-351","title":"Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>The Salem East and Turner 7.5-minute quadrangles are situated in the center of the Willamette Valley near the western margin of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) distribution. The terrain within the area is of low to moderate relief, ranging from about 150 to almost 1,100-ft elevation. Mill Creek flows northward from the Stayton basin (Turner quadrangle) to the northern Willamette Valley (Salem East quadrangle) through a low that dissects the Columbia River basalt that forms the Salem Hills on the west and the Waldo Hills to the east. Approximately eight flows of CRBG form a thickness of up to 700 in these two quadrangles. The Ginkgo intracanyon flow that extends from east to west through the south half of the Turner quadrangle is exposed in the hills along the southeast part of the quadrangle.</p><p>Previous geologic mapping by Thayer (1939) and Bela (1981) while providing the general geologic framework did not subdivide the CRBG which limited their ability to delineate structural elements. Reconnaissance mapping of the CRBG units in the Willamette Valley indicated that these stratigraphic units could serve as a series of unique reference horizons for identifying post-Miocene folding and faulting (Beeson and others, 1985,1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990). Crenna, et al. (1994) compiled previous mapping in the Willamette Valley in a study of the tectonics of the Salem area.</p><p>The major emphasis of this study was to identify and map CRBG units within the Salem East and Turner Quadrangles and to utilize this detailed CRBG stratigraphy to identify and characterize structural features. Water well logs were used to provide better subsurface stratigraphic control. Three other quadrangles (Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE) in the Willamette Valley have been mapped in this way (Tolan and Beeson, 1999).</p><p>This area was a lowland area of weathered and eroded marine sedimentary when the Columbia River basalts encroached on this area approximately 15-16 m.y. ago. An incipient Coast Range apparently stopped or diverted the fluid lava flows from moving much farther westward toward the coast at this latitude. It is assumed also that an ancestral Willamette River flowed northward through this low-lying area so that water was present as streams and ponds along the flood plain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00351","usgsCitation":"Tolan, T.L., Beeson, M.H., and DuRoss, C., 2000, Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-351, 2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00351.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00351.gif"},{"id":2676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281611,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351ps.tar.gz"},{"id":281612,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.tar.gz"},{"id":281613,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.zip"},{"id":281614,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/README.PDF"},{"id":281610,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/tnrfinal.pdf"},{"id":281615,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/slmfinal.pdf"},{"id":110130,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34045.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34045"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Marion County","otherGeospatial":"Mill Creek, Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,44.75 ], [ -123.0,45.0 ], [ -122.875,45.0 ], [ -122.875,44.75 ], [ -123.0,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolan, Terry L.","contributorId":31029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeson, Marvin H.","contributorId":67937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B.","contributorId":64298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30868,"text":"wri004152 - 2000 - Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T20:47:44.065881","indexId":"wri004152","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4152","displayTitle":"Geology, Hydrology, and Ground-Water Quality of the Galena-Platteville Aquifer in the Vicinity of the Parson’s Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois","title":"Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>The geology, hydrology, and distribution of contaminants in the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in northeastern Belvidere, Ill., were characterized on the basis of data collected from boreholes using geophysical logging and packer assemblies. Horizontal flow in the Galena-Platteville aquifer is affected by a network of subhorizontal fractures that are concentrated in the weathered part of the bedrock, vugs and fractures present from the bottom of the weathered bedrock to the top of a shaley layer at about 662 ft (feet) above sea level, and through a widespread subhorizontal fracture at about 524 ft. Inclined fractures provide pathways for vertical flow within the Galena-Platteville aquifer. Some fractures and flow pathways appear to be affected by the stratigraphy of the Galena-Platteville deposits.</p><p>Water-level data indicate the potential for downward flow within the Galena-Platteville aquifer. During periods when pumping in nearby municipal-supply wells is minimal or absent, the direction of flow through the fracture at about 524 ft above sea level is south toward two industrial-supply wells. Flow through the fracture is toward the municipal-supply wells when they are being pumped. Flow in the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer does not appear to be affected by pumping in nearby water-supply wells.</p><p>Chlorinated ethenes were the volatile organic compounds detected most often and at the highest concentration in the Galena-Platteville aquifer beneath northeastern Belvidere. Volatile organic compounds are migrating primarily to the southeast toward the Kishwaukee River, with components of movement to the north, east, and west. Volatile organic compound and monitored natural attenuation parameter data indicate reductive dechlorination of some chlorinated ethene compounds is occurring under either nitrate or iron-reducing conditions in the unconsolidated deposits and possibly the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer near the center of the plume. Oxidizing conditions appear to be present at least in the upper part of the aquifer beneath most of the study area, and the occurrence of reductive dechlorination in the Galena-Platteville aquifer beneath most of the area of investigation is not clearly indicated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., 2000, Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the Galena-Platteville aquifer in the vicinity of the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund Site, Belvidere, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4152, v., 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004152.","productDescription":"v., 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37088.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2779,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4152/wrir00_4152.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4152"},{"id":161375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4152/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Belvidere","otherGeospatial":"Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.83942963287024,\n              42.27140090664139\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83942963287024,\n              42.264209787102345\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.82460978475213,\n              42.264209787102345\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.82460978475213,\n              42.27140090664139\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83942963287024,\n              42.27140090664139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director,&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>405 North Goodwin<br>Urbana, IL 61801</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Geology</li><li>Hydrology</li><li>Ground-Water Quality</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21891,"text":"ofr00483 - 2000 - Interaction between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough and vicinity, Everglades National Park, South Florida: Study methods and appendixes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-12T21:35:40.31506","indexId":"ofr00483","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-483","title":"Interaction between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough and vicinity, Everglades National Park, South Florida: Study methods and appendixes","docAbstract":"The data presented in this report are products of an investigation that quantified interactions between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough in Everglades National Park. Determining the extent of hydrologic interactions between wetland surface water and ground water in Taylor Slough is important because the balance of freshwater flow in the lower part of the Slough is uncertain. Although freshwater flows through Taylor Slough are quite small in comparison to Shark Slough (the larger of the two major sloughs in Everglades National Park), flows through Taylor Slough are especially important to the ecology of estuarine mangrove embayments of northeastern Florida Bay. Also, wetland and ground- water interactions must be quantified if their role in affecting water quality is to be determined. \r\n\r\nIn order to define basic hydrologic characteristics of the wetland, depth of wetland peat was mapped, and hydraulic conductivity and vertical hydraulic gradients in peat were determined. During specific time periods representing both wet and dry conditions in the area, the distribution of major ions, nutrients, and water stable isotopes throughout the slough were determined. The purpose of chemical measurements was to identify an environmental tracer could be used to quantify ground-water discharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00483","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Jackson, J.M., Mooney, R.H., and Choi, J., 2000, Interaction between ground water and surface water in Taylor Slough and vicinity, Everglades National Park, South Florida: Study methods and appendixes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-483, vi, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00483.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51381,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0483/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-483"},{"id":400600,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49799.htm"},{"id":154149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0483/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Taylor Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              25.351472502592568\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.351472502592568\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.401724200763503\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              25.401724200763503\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              25.351472502592568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b7e4b07f02db5cc210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, J. M.","contributorId":95503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, R. H.","contributorId":95504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, Jungyill","contributorId":70792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jungyill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30115,"text":"wri004141 - 2000 - Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:26:37","indexId":"wri004141","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4141","title":"Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Two methods, one a surface-water method and the second a \r\nground-water method, were used to determine infiltration and \r\npercolation rates along a 2.5-kilometer reach of the Santa Fe \r\nRiver near La Bajada, New Mexico. The surface-water method uses \r\nstreamflow measurements and their differences along a stream reach, \r\nstreamflow-loss rates, stream surface area, and evaporation \r\nrates to determine infiltration rates. The ground-water method \r\nuses heat as a tracer to monitor percolation through shallow \r\nstreambed sediments. \r\n\r\nData collection began in October 1996 and continued through \r\nDecember 1997. During that period the stream reach was instrumented \r\nwith three streamflow gages, and temperature profiles were \r\nmonitored from the stream-sediment interface to about 3 meters below \r\nthe streambed at four sites along the reach.\r\n\r\nInfiltration is the downward flow of water through the stream-\r\nsediment interface. Infiltration rates ranged from 92 to 267 \r\nmillimeters per day for an intense measurement period during June 26-\r\n28, 1997, and from 69 to 256 millimeters per day during \r\nSeptember 27-October 6, 1997. Investigators calculated \r\ninfiltration rates from streamflow loss, stream surface-area \r\nmeasurements, and evaporation-rate estimates. Infiltration rates \r\nmay be affected by unmeasured irrigation-return flow in the \r\nstudy reach. Although the amount of irrigation-return flow was none \r\nto very small, it may result in underestimation of infiltration \r\nrates. The infiltration portion of streamflow loss was much greater \r\nthan the evaporation portion. Infiltration accounted for about \r\n92 to 98 percent of streamflow loss. Evaporation-rate estimates \r\nranged from 3.4 to 7.6 millimeters per day based on pan-evaporation \r\ndata collected at Cochiti Dam, New Mexico, and accounted for about 2 \r\nto 8 percent of streamflow loss.\r\n\r\nPercolation is the movement of water through saturated or \r\nunsaturated sediments below the stream-sediment interface. \r\nPercolation rates ranged from 40 to 109 millimeters per day during \r\nJune 26-28, 1997. Percolation rates were not calculated for the \r\nSeptember 27-October 6, 1997, period because a late summer flood \r\nremoved the temperature sensors from the streambed. Investigators \r\nused a heat-and-water flow model, VS2DH (variably saturated, two-\r\ndimensional heat), to calculate near-surface streambed \r\ninfiltration and percolation rates from temperatures measured in the \r\nstream and streambed.\r\n\r\nNear the stream-sediment interface, infiltration and \r\npercolation rates are comparable. Comparison of infiltration and \r\npercolation rates showed that infiltration rates were greater \r\nthan percolation rates. The method used to calculate infiltration \r\nrates accounted for net loss or gain over the entire stream reach, \r\nwhereas the method used to calculate percolation was \r\ndependent on point measurements and, as applied in this study, \r\nneglected the nonvertical component of heat and water \r\nfluxes. In general, using the ground-water method was less labor \r\nintensive than making a series of streamflow measurements and relied \r\non temperature, an easily measured property. The ground-water method \r\nalso eliminated the difficulty of measuring or estimating \r\nevaporation from the water surface and was therefore more direct. \r\nBoth methods are difficult to use during periods of flood flow. The \r\nground-water method has problems with the thermocouple-wire \r\ntemperature sensors washing out during flood events. The surface-\r\nwater method often cannot be used because of safety concerns for \r\npersonnel making wading streamflow measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri004141","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J.E., 2000, Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4141, iv, 65 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004141.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95825,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4141/report.pdf","size":"6238","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Santa Fe County","city":"La Bajada","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.2431,35.9303],[-106.1892,35.9309],[-106.1631,35.9309],[-106.1369,35.9314],[-106.1341,35.9314],[-106.1324,35.9314],[-106.0585,35.9314],[-106.0511,35.9314],[-106.0523,35.9877],[-106.0586,35.9881],[-106.0597,35.9881],[-106.0626,35.9904],[-106.0637,35.9918],[-106.0648,35.9936],[-106.062,35.999],[-106.0614,36.004],[-106.0375,36.004],[-106.0256,36.004],[-105.9881,36.0045],[-105.9255,36.0045],[-105.9102,36.0045],[-105.8925,36.0044],[-105.8749,36.0044],[-105.8703,36.0044],[-105.7164,36.0025],[-105.7165,35.9785],[-105.7203,35.8713],[-105.7145,35.422],[-105.7145,35.4097],[-105.7146,35.3957],[-105.713,35.215],[-105.7139,35.0425],[-105.9169,35.0419],[-106.0275,35.0406],[-106.1337,35.0414],[-106.2213,35.0408],[-106.2386,35.0408],[-106.2387,35.0549],[-106.242,35.2147],[-106.2416,35.2519],[-106.2434,35.3054],[-106.2474,35.3054],[-106.2463,35.315],[-106.2458,35.3495],[-106.246,35.4071],[-106.2467,35.4461],[-106.2474,35.4802],[-106.2464,35.5319],[-106.2465,35.5469],[-106.2462,35.6544],[-106.2463,35.6758],[-106.2454,35.742],[-106.2466,35.7533],[-106.2415,35.7579],[-106.2386,35.7606],[-106.2353,35.7656],[-106.2188,35.7693],[-106.2121,35.7779],[-106.2064,35.7793],[-106.1939,35.7897],[-106.1923,35.8002],[-106.1877,35.8043],[-106.1798,35.8079],[-106.177,35.8134],[-106.177,35.8211],[-106.173,35.8265],[-106.1708,35.8283],[-106.1946,35.8283],[-106.219,35.8274],[-106.223,35.8278],[-106.2287,35.8337],[-106.2417,35.8368],[-106.2457,35.8427],[-106.2452,35.8563],[-106.2442,35.8931],[-106.2431,35.9303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Santa Fe\",\"state\":\"NM\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Amy E.","contributorId":22812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Constantz, Jim E.","contributorId":55481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26573,"text":"wri004126 - 2000 - Regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring to estimate constituent concentrations, loads, and yields in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri004126","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4126","title":"Regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring to estimate constituent concentrations, loads, and yields in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995-99","docAbstract":"Water from the Little Arkansas River is used as source water for artificial recharge to the Equus Beds aquifer, which provides water for the city of Wichita in south-central Kansas. To assess the quality of the source water, continuous in-stream water-quality monitors were installed at two U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations to provide real-time measurement of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity in the Little Arkansas River. In addition, periodic water samples were collected manually and analyzed for selected constituents, including alkalinity, dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chloride, sulfate, atrazine, and fecal coliform bacteria. However, these periodic samples do not provide real-time data on which to base aquifer-recharge operational decisions to prevent degradation of the Equus Beds aquifer. Continuous and periodic monitoring enabled identification of seasonal trends in selected physical properties and chemical constituents and estimation of chemical mass transported in the Little Arkansas River. Identification of seasonal trends was especially important because high streamflows have a substantial effect on chemical loads and because concentration data from manually collected samples often were not available. Therefore, real-time water-quality monitoring of surrogates for the estimation of selected chemical constituents in streamflow can increase the accuracy of load and yield estimates and can decrease some manual data-collection activities. Regression equations, which were based on physical properties and analysis of water samples collected from 1995 through 1998 throughout 95 percent of the stream's flow duration, were developed to estimate alkalinity, dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chloride, sulfate, atrazine, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations. Error was evaluated for the first year of data collection and each subsequent year, and a decrease in error was observed as the number of samples increased. Generally, 2 years of data (35 to 55 samples) collected throughout 90 to 95 percent of the stream's flow duration were sufficient to define the relation between a constituent and its surrogate(s). Relations and resulting equations were site specific. To test the regression equations developed from the first 3 years of data collection (1995-98), the equations were applied to the fourth year of data collection (1999) to calculate estimated constituent loads and the errors associated with these loads. Median relative percentage differences between measured constituent loads determined using the analysis of periodic, manual water samples and estimated constituent loads were less than 25 percent for alkalinity, dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate. The percentage differences for total suspended solids, atrazine, and bacteria loads were more than 25 percent. Even for those constituents with large relative percentage differences between the measured and estimated loads, the estimation of constituent concentrations with regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring has numerous advantages over periodic manual sampling. The timely availability of bacteria and other constituent data may be important when considering recreation and the whole-body contact criteria established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment for a specific water body. In addition, water suppliers would have timely information to use in adjusting water-treatment strategies; environmental changes could be assessed in time to prevent negative effects on fish or other aquatic life; and officials for the Equus Beds Ground-Water Recharge Demonstration project could use this information to prevent the possible degradation of the Equus Beds aquifer by choosing not to recharge when constituent concentrations in the source water are large. Constituent loads calculated from the regression equations may be useful for calculating total maximum daily loads (TMDL's), wh","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004126","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Jian, X., and Ziegler, A., 2000, Regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring to estimate constituent concentrations, loads, and yields in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4126, vi, 36 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004126.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4126/report.pdf","size":"10121","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1974,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.00-4126.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4126/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc04f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53098,"text":"ofr2000232 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:07:52","indexId":"ofr2000232","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-232","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Long Prairie River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-232, Document: 7 p.; Plate: 38.03 x 27.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000232.","productDescription":"Document: 7 p.; Plate: 38.03 x 27.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-232.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-232-plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Long Prairie River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.38330078125, 46.19266555785523 ], [ -95.37300109863281, 46.1912395780416 ], [ -95.37300109863281, 46.18458451637958 ], [ -95.36956787109375, 46.17887953650578 ], [ -95.35102844238281, 46.17364945158338 ], [ -95.34072875976562, 46.17127197581503 ], [ 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,{"id":53097,"text":"ofr2000234 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:08:22","indexId":"ofr2000234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-234","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-234, Document: 8 p.; Plate: 30.01 x 34.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000234.","productDescription":"Document: 8 p.; Plate: 30.01 x 34.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Brian C.","contributorId":49832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27232,"text":"wri004205 - 2000 - Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:59:53","indexId":"wri004205","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4205","title":"Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>The use of fencing to exclude pastured animals from streams has been recognized as an agricultural best-management practice. Streambank fencing was installed in a small basin within the Mill Creek Watershed of Lancaster County, Pa., during summer 1997 to evaluate the effectiveness of fencing on surface-water quality. A preliminary review of data collected during a pre-treatment, or calibration period (October 1993 through June 1997), and part of the post-treatment period (July 1997 through November 1998) has identified a varied instream nutrient response to streambank fencing.</p><p>Concentrations of total nitrogen (N) during low-flow periods were significantly reduced by 20 to 31 percent at treated relative to untreated sites, but the yield of total N during low-flow conditions did not change significantly. Low-flow concentrations and yields of total phosphorus (P) did not change significantly at the outlet of the treatment basin, but data from a tributary site (T-2) in the treatment basin showed a 19- to 79-percent increase in the concentration and yield of total P relative to those at untreated sites. The total-P increase was due to increased concentrations of dissolved P. The processes causing the decrease in the concentration of total N and an increase in the concentration of total P were related to stream discharge, which declined after fencing to about one-third lower than the period-of-record mean. Declines in stream discharge after fence installation were caused by lower than normal precipitation. As concentrations of dissolved oxygen decreased in the stream channel as flows decreased, there was increased potential for instream denitrification and solubilization of P from sediments in the stream channel. Vegetative uptake of nitrate could also have contributed to decreased N concentrations. There were few significant changes in concentrations and yields of nutrients during stormflow except for significant reductions of 16 percent for total-N concentrations and 26 percent for total-P concentrations at site T-2 relative to the site at the outlet of the control basin.</p><p>Suspended-sediment concentrations in the stream were significantly reduced by fencing. These reductions were partially caused by reduced cow access to the stream and hence reduced potential for the cows to destabilize streambanks through trampling. Development of a vegetative buffer along the stream channel after fence installation also helped to retain soil eroding from upgradient land. Reductions in suspended sediment during low flow ranged from 17 to 26 percent; stormflow reductions in suspended sediment ranged from 21 to 54 percent at treated relative to untreated sites. Suspended-sediment yields, however, were significantly reduced only at site T-2, where low-flow and stormflow yields were reduced by about 25 and 10 percent, respectively, relative to untreated sites.</p><p>Benthic-macroinvertebrate sampling has identified increased number of taxa in the treatment basin after fence installation. Relative to the control basin, there was about a 30-percent increase in the total number of taxa. This increase was most likely related to improved instream habitat as a result of channel revegetation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., 2000, Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4205, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004205.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4205/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4205/wri20004205.pdf","text":"Report","size":"435 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4205"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Site description</li><li>Study design</li><li>Basin characterization</li><li>Preliminary effects of streambank fencing</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galeone, Daniel G. 0000-0002-8007-9278 dgaleone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-9278","contributorId":2301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galeone","given":"Daniel","email":"dgaleone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22713,"text":"ofr00207 - 2000 - Sampling of volatile organic compounds in ground water by diffusion samplers and a low-flow method, and collection of borehole-flowmeter data, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr00207","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-207","title":"Sampling of volatile organic compounds in ground water by diffusion samplers and a low-flow method, and collection of borehole-flowmeter data, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00207","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Church, P.E., and Lyford, F.P., 2000, Sampling of volatile organic compounds in ground water by diffusion samplers and a low-flow method, and collection of borehole-flowmeter data, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-207, iv, 18 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00207.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdde3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Peter E.","contributorId":99178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28821,"text":"wri004096 - 2000 - Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri004096","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4096","title":"Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data and a ground-water flow model were used to characterize ground-water flow in the Kansas River alluvial aquifer at Fort Riley in northeast Kansas. The ground-water flow model was developed as a tool to project ground-water flow and potential contaminant-transport paths in the alluvial aquifer on the basis of past hydrologic conditions. The model also was used to estimate historical and hypothetical ground-water flow paths with respect to a private- and several public-supply wells.  The ground-water flow model area extends from the Smoky Hill and Republican Rivers downstream to about 2.5 miles downstream from the city of Ogden. The Kansas River Valley has low relief and, except for the area within the Fort Riley Military Reservation, is used primarily for crop production. Sedimentary deposits in the Kansas River Valley, formed after the ancestral Kansas River eroded into bedrock, primarily are alluvial sediment deposited by the river during Quaternary time. The alluvial sediment consists of as much as about 75 feet of poorly sorted, coarse-to-fine sand, silt, and clay, 55 feet of which can be saturated with ground water. The alluvial aquifer is unconfined and is bounded on the sides and bottom by Permian-age shale and limestone bedrock. Hydrologic data indicate that ground water in the Kansas River Valley generally flows in a downstream direction, but flow direction can be quite variable near the Kansas River due to changes in river stage. Ground-water-level changes caused by infiltration of precipitation are difficult to detect because they are masked by larger changes caused by fluctuation in Kansas River stage. Ratios of strontium isotopes Sr87 and Sr86 in water collected from wells in the Camp Funston Area indicate that the ground water along the northern valley wall originates, in part, from upland areas north of the river valley. Water from Threemile Creek, which flows out of the uplands north of the river valley, had Sr87:Sr86 ratios similar to those in ground water from wells in the northern Camp Funston Area. In addition, comparison of observed water levels from wells CF90-06, CF97-101, and CF97-401 in the Camp Funston Area and ground-water levels simulated for these wells using floodwave-response analysis indicates that ground-water inflow from bedrock is a hydraulic stress that, in addition to the changing stage in the Kansas River, acts on the aquifer. This hydraulic stress seems to be located near the northern valley wall because the effect of this stress is greater for well CF97-101, which is the well closest to the valley wall. Ground-water flow was simulated using a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW). Particle tracking, used to visualize ground-water flow paths in the alluvial aquifer, was accomplished using MODPATH. Forward-in-time particle tracking indicated that, in general, particles released near the Kansas River followed much more variable paths than particles released near the valley wall. Although particle tracking does not simulate solute transport, this increased path variability indicates that, near the river, ground-water contaminants could follow many possible paths towards the river, whereas more distant from the river, ground-water contaminants likely would follow a narrower corridor. Particle tracks in the Camp Funston Area indicate that, for the 1990-98 simulation period, contaminants from the ground-water study sites in the Camp Funston Area would be unlikely to move into the vicinity of Ogden's supply wells. Backward-in-time particle tracking indicated that the flow-path and recharge areas for model cells corresponding to Ogden's supply wells lie near the northern valley wall and extend into the northern Camp Funston Area. The flow-path and recharge areas for model cells corresponding to Morris County Rural Water District wells lie within Clarks Creek Valley and probably extend outside the model area. Three hypothetical simulations, i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004096","usgsCitation":"Myers, N.C., 2000, Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4096, viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004096.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4096/report.pdf","size":"34781","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4096/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Nathan C. 0000-0002-7469-3693 nmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3693","contributorId":1055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Nathan","email":"nmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28094,"text":"wri20004025 - 2000 - Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood - Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:31:15","indexId":"wri20004025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4025","title":"Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood - Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998","docAbstract":"<p>Flooding that occurred in southwest Iowa during June 15&ndash;17, 1998, was the worst flood ever recorded on the Nishnabotna River, exceeding the theoretical 500-year flood calculated from peak-flow records (1922 to present). This flood was a direct consequence of severe thunderstorm activity that caused more than 4 inches of rain to fall over a large part of the Nishnabotna River Basin. In fact, a new official State record for 24-hour total rainfall (13.18 inches) was set by this storm. The peak streamflow of the Nishnabotna River near Hamburg, Iowa, was 65,100 cubic feet per second, about 20 percent more than any previous recorded peak streamflow at this site.</p>\n<p>To determine the concentrations of selected contaminants that might be present in this record flooding, water-quality samples were collected within hours of the flood peak. The results from these samples documented the presence of numerous herbicide compounds (11 parent compounds and 12 herbicide degradates). The highest herbicide concentration was 5.06 micrograms per liter (&micro;g/L) for atrazine, followed by metolachlor (1.16 &micro;g/L), metolachlor ESA (1.04 &micro;g/L), acetochlor OA (0.99 &micro;g/L), and acetochlor ESA (0.95 &micro;g/L). The total herbicide concentration (summation of the 23 herbicide compounds detected) was 15.6 &micro;g/L. The timing of the severe thunderstorm activity and flooding, which occurred shortly after chemical application associated with planting of crops, was the principal reason for the large number and concentrations of herbicide compounds found in the flood water.</p>\n<p>At the time the water-quality samples were collected, the Nishnabotna River was transporting about 6,000 pounds of suspended sediment, 18 pounds of nitrogen, 3 pounds of phosphorus, and 0.02 pound of atrazine each second. These loads were about 10 to 150 times greater than those during a previous runoff event, and about 260 to 4,600 times greater than those during a previous base-flow condition.</p>\n<p>This sampling demonstrates the importance of collecting both water-quantity and water-quality data during flood events to estimate contaminant loads. Potential environmental effects of a flood can only be understood when both components are measured.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004025","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Fischer, E.E., and Schnoebelen, D.J., 2000, Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood - Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4025, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004025.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-06-15","temporalEnd":"1998-06-17","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_00-4025.pdf","size":"157","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.77880859375,\n              40.826280356677124\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.73486328124999,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.6634521484375,\n              40.526326510744006\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.54809570312499,\n              40.526326510744006\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              40.97160353279909\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0592041015625,\n              41.091772220976615\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.97131347656249,\n              41.265420628926684\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.58129882812499,\n              41.545589036668105\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.47143554687499,\n              41.7508241355329\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.427490234375,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5318603515625,\n              42.14304156290939\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              42.44778143462245\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.19653320312499,\n              42.60970621339408\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.614013671875,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.69091796875,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.78979492187499,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.767822265625,\n              41.28606238749825\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.77880859375,\n              40.826280356677124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eda38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Edward E. edf@usgs.gov","contributorId":1063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Edward","email":"edf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28209,"text":"wri004148 - 2000 - Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T17:28:32","indexId":"wri004148","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4148","title":"Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>A three-phase study of the Medina Lake area in Texas was done to assess the hydrogeology and hydrology of Medina and Diversion Lakes combined (the lake system) and to determine what fraction of seepage losses from the lake system might enter the regional ground-water-flow system of the Edwards and (or) Trinity aquifers. Phase 1 consisted of revising the geologic framework for the Medina Lake area. Results of field mapping show that the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone underlies Medina Lake and the intervening stream channel from the outflow of Medina Lake to the midpoint of Diversion Lake, where the Diversion Lake fault intersects Diversion Lake. A thin sequence of strata consisting primarily of the basal nodular and dolomitic members of the Kainer Formation of the Edwards Group, is present in the southern part of the study area. On the southern side of Medina Lake, the contact between the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone and the basal nodular member is approximately 1,000 feet above mean sea level, and the contact between the basal nodular member and the dolomitic member is approximately 1,050 feet above mean sea level. The most porous and permeable part of the basal nodular member is about 1,045 feet above mean sea level. At these altitudes, Medina Lake is in hydrologic connection with rocks in the Edwards aquifer recharge zone, and Medina Lake appears to lose more water to the ground-water system along this bedding plane contact. </p><p>Hydrologic budgets calculated during phase 2 for Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined indicate that: (1) losses from Medina and Diversion Lakes can be quantified; (2) a portion of those losses are entering the Edwards aquifer; and (3) losses to the Trinity aquifer in the Medina Lake area are minimal and within the error of the hydrologic budgets. </p><p>Hydrologic budgets based on streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, and change in lake storage were used to quantify losses (recharge) to the ground-water system from Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined during October 1995–September 1996. Water losses from Medina Lake to the Edwards/Trinity aquifers ranged from -14.0 to 135 acre-feet per day; Diversion Lake ranged from -1.2 to 93.1 acre-feet per day; and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined ranged from 36.1 to 119 acre-feet per day.</p><p>Monthly average recharge during December 1995–July 1996 was estimated using an alternative method developed during this study (current study method) and compared to monthly average recharge during December 1995–July 1996 estimated using the existing USGS method and the Trans-Texas method. Recharge to the Edwards aquifer estimated using the current study method was about 69 and 73 percent of the recharge estimated using the USGS and Trans-Texas methods, respectively. The USGS and Trans-Texas methods overestimated recharge from Medina Lake compared to the recharge estimated with the current study method when Medina Lake stage was between about 1,027 and 1,032 feet above mean sea level and underestimated recharge from Medina Lake when lake stage was between about 1,036 and 1,045 feet above mean sea level. The USGS and Trans-Texas methods underestimated recharge from Diversion Lake compared to the&nbsp;recharge estimated with the current study method when Diversion Lake stage was greater than 913 feet above mean sea level and overestimated recharge from Diversion Lake when lake stage was less than 913 feet above mean sea level.</p><p>The water quality of Medina Lake and Medina River and in selected wells and springs in the Edwards and Trinity aquifers was characterized during phase 3 of the study. Environmental isotope analyses and geochemical modeling also were used to determine where water losses from the lake system might be entering the ground-water-flow system. Isotopic ratios of deuterium, oxygen, and strontium were analyzed in selected surface-water, lake-water, and ground-water samples to trace the isotopic “signature” of the lake water as it mixes with the ground water and to determine the fraction of lake water and ground water in selected Edwards aquifer wells. Isotopic data and geochemical modeling were used to show that lake water is moving into the Edwards aquifer in two fault blocks in the eastern Medina storage unit. One fault block is bounded on the north by the Vandenburg School fault and on the south by the Haby Crossing fault, and the second fault block is bounded on the north by the Diversion Lake fault and on the south by the Haby Crossing fault. In selected Edwards aquifer wells located southwest of Medina Lake and west of Diversion Lake, the proportion of lake water ranged from about 10 to 45 percent. Geochemical modeling using NETPATH confirms the degree of mixing between lake water and aquifer water shown by the isotopes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004148","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bexar-Medina-Atascosa Counties Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, Bexar Metropolitan Water District, Texas Water Development Board, and Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R.B., Grimm, K.C., and Lee, R.W., 2000, Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4148, Report: v, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 25.00 inches and 25.00 x 25.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004148.","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 25.00 inches and 25.00 x 25.50 inches","numberOfPages":"190","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004148.PNG"},{"id":328031,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/wri00-4148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":328032,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/00-4148_pl1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":328033,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/00-4148_pl2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":2328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Medina Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.84536743164061,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.84536743164061,\n              29.7375511168952\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.7375511168952\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimm, Kenneth C.","contributorId":29483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimm","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28319,"text":"wri954211D - 2000 - Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T13:18:04","indexId":"wri954211D","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"D","title":"Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the variability in family-level benthic-invertebrate population data and the reliability of the data as a water-quality indicator for 11 fixed surface-water sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study area of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Benthic-invertebrate-community measures were computed for the following: number of individuals, Hilsenhoff’s Family-Level Biotic Index, number and percent EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Tricoptera), Margalef’s Diversity Index, and mean tolerance value. Relations between these measures and environmental setting, habitat, and of chemical water quality are examined. </p><p>Benthic-invertebrate communities varied greatly among fixed sites and within individual streams among multiple-reach and multiple-year sampling. The variations between multiple reaches and years were sometimes larger than those found between different fixed sites. Factors affecting benthic invertebrates included both habitat and chemical quality. Generally, fixed-site streams with the highest diversity, greatest number of benthic invertebrates, and those at which community measures indicated the best water quality also had the best habitat and chemical quality. Variations among reaches are most likely related to differences in habitat. </p><p>Variations among years are most likely related to climatic changes, which create variations in flow and/or chemical quality. The variability in the data analyzed in this study shows how benthic invertebrates are affected by differences in both habitat and water quality, making them useful indicators of stream health; however, a single benthic-invertebrate sample alone cannot be relied upon to accurately describe water quality of the streams in this study. Benthic-invertebrate data contributed valuable information on the biological health of the 11 fixed sites when used as one of several data sources for assessing water quality. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Middleton, WI","doi":"10.3133/wri954211D","usgsCitation":"Lenz, B.N., and Rheaume, S.J., 2000, Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, vii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211D.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4211_d.jpg"},{"id":2371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954211D","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri95-4211-D/pdf/wrir-95-4211-d.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.8359375,\n              45.84410779560204\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              46.09609080214316\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47314453125,\n              46.384833223492784\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.703857421875,\n              46.61171462536894\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.978515625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              46.73233101286786\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.516845703125,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.890380859375,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40673828125,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.615478515625,\n              46.543749602738565\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97802734375,\n              46.33175800051563\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.945068359375,\n              46.20264638061019\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1318359375,\n              45.706179285330855\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              45.251688256117646\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.120849609375,\n              44.86365630540611\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.923095703125,\n              43.73935207915473\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.615478515625,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.395751953125,\n              43.141078106345844\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              43.092960677116295\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.87939453125,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.428955078125,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              42.4639928001706\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              43.22118973298753\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.659912109375,\n              43.91372326852401\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.242431640625,\n              44.457309801319305\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.890869140625,\n              45.205263456162385\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.72607421875,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              45.54483149242463\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.8359375,\n              45.84410779560204\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b4f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rheaume, S. J.","contributorId":70804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheaume","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25664,"text":"wri994286 - 2000 - Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T21:15:14.73019","indexId":"wri994286","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4286","title":"Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data","docAbstract":"<p>Metals transport in the Sacramento River, northern California, was evaluated on the basis of samples of water, suspended colloids, streambed sediment, and caddisfly larvae that were collected on one to six occasions at 19 sites in the Sacramento River Basin from July 1996 to June 1997. Four of the sampling periods (July, September, and November 1996; and May-June 1997) took place during relatively low-flow conditions and two sampling periods (December 1996 and January 1997) took place during high-flow and flooding conditions; respectively. Tangential-flow ultrafiltration with 10,000 nominal molecular weight limit, or daltons (0.005 micrometer equivalent), pore-size membranes was used to separate metals in streamwater into ultrafiltrate (operationally defined dissolved fraction) and retentate (colloidal fraction) components, respectively. Conventional filtration with capsule filters (0.45 micrometer pore-size) and membrane filters (0.40 micrometer pore-size) and total-recoverable analysis of unfiltered (whole-body) samples were done for comparison at all sites. Because the total-recoverable analysis involves an incomplete digestion of particulate matter, a more reliable measurement of whole-water concentrations is derived from the sum of the dissolved component that is based on the ultrafiltrate plus the suspended component that is based on a total digestion of colloid concentrates from the ultra-filtration retentate. Metals in caddisfly larvae were determined for whole-body samples and cytosol extracts, which are intercellular solutions that provide a more sensitive indication of the metals that have been bioaccumulated.</p><p>Trace metals in acidic, metal-rich drainage from abandoned and inactive sulfide mines were observed to enter the Sacramento River system (specifically, into both Shasta Lake and Keswick Reservoir) in predominantly dissolved form, as operationally defined using ultrafiltrates. The predominant source of acid mine drainage to Keswick Reservoir is Spring Creek, which drains the Iron Mountain mine area. Copper concentrations in filtered samples from Spring Creek taken during December 1996, January 1997, and May 1997 ranged from 420 to 560 micrograms per liter. Below Keswick Dam, copper concentrations in conventionally filtered samples ranged from 0.5 micrograms per liter during September 1996 to 9.4 micrograms per liter during January 1997; the latter concentration exceeded the applicable water-quality standard. The proportion of trace metals that was dissolved (versus colloidal) in samples collected at Shasta and Keswick dams decreased in the order cadmium zinc &gt; copper &gt; aluminum iron lead mercury. At four sampling sites on the Sacramento River at various distances downstream of Keswick Dam (Bend Bridge, 71 kilometers; Colusa, 256 kilometers; Verona, 360 kilometers; and Freeport, 412 kilometers) concentrations of these seven metals were predominantly colloidal during both high- and low-flow conditions.</p><p>Because copper compounds are used extensively as algaecides in rice farming, agricultural drainage at the Colusa Basin Drain was sampled in June 1997 during a period shortly after copper applications to newly planted rice fields. Copper concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 micrograms per liter in filtered samples and from 12 to 13 micrograms per liter in whole-water samples (total recoverable analysis). These results are consistent with earlier work by the U.S. Geological Survey indicating that copper in rice-field drainage likely represents a detectable, but relatively minor source of copper to the Sacramento River.</p><p>Lead isotope data from suspended colloids and streambed sediments collected during October and November 1996 indicate that lead from acid mine drainage sources became a relatively minor component of the total lead at the site located 71 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam and beyond. Cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in caddisfly larvae were elevated at several sites downstream of Keswick Dam, but concentrations of aluminum, iron, lead, and mercury were relatively low, especially in the cytosol extracts. Cadmium showed the highest degree of bioaccumulation in whole-body and cytosol analyses, relative to an unmineralized control site (Cottonwood Creek). Cadmium bioaccumulation persisted in samples collected as far as 118 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam, consistent with transport in a form more bioavailable than lead.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994286","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Taylor, H.E., and Domagalski, J.L., 2000, Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4286, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994286.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4286.jpg"},{"id":395494,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26610.htm"},{"id":1955,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994286","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29596,"text":"wri004115 - 2000 - Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri004115","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4115","title":"Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","docAbstract":"The Fox Chain of Lakes is a glacial lake system in McHenry and Lake Counties in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Sedimentation and nutrient overloading have occurred in the lake system since the first dam was built (1907) in McHenry to raise water levels in the lake system. Using data collected from December 1, 1997, to June 1, 1999, suspended-sediment budgets were constructed for the most upstream lake in the system, Grass Lake, and for the lakes downstream from Grass Lake. A total of 64,900 tons of suspended sediment entered Grass Lake during the study, whereas a total of 70,600 tons of suspended sediment exited the lake, indicating a net scour of 5,700 tons of sediment. A total of 44,100 tons of suspended sediment was measured exiting the Fox Chain of Lakes at Johnsburg, whereas 85,600 tons entered the system downstream from Grass Lake. These suspended-sediment loads indicate a net deposition of 41,500 tons downstream from Grass Lake, which represents a trapping efficiency of 48.5 percent. A large amount of recreational boating takes place on the Fox Chain of Lakes during summer months, and suspended-sediment load was observed to rise from 110 tons per day to 339 tons per day during the 1999 Memorial Day weekend (May 26 ?31, 1999). Presumably, this rise was the result of the boating traffic because no other hydrologic event is known to have occurred that might have caused the rise. This study covers a relatively short period and may not represent the long-term processes of the Fox Chain of Lakes system, although the sediment transport was probably higher than an average year. The bed sediments found on the bottom of the lakes are composed of mainly fine particles in the silt-clay range. The Grass Lake sediments were characterized as black peat with an organic content of between 9 and 18 percent, and the median particle size ranged from 0.000811 to 0.0013976 inches. Other bed material samples were collected at streamflow-gaging stations on the tributaries to the Fox Chain of Lakes. With the exception of Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods, most of the bed sediments are sand size or larger. The bed material at the streamflow-gaging station at Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods contains 31.5 percent silt- and clay-sized particles. The bed material at Nippersink Creek near Spring Grove also has higher silt content (10.7 percent) than the bed material found in the Fox River at Wilmot (2.1 percent) and Johnsburg (1.3 percent). Additionally, water velocities at 80 cross sections in the Fox Chain of Lakes were collected to provide sample circulation patterns during two separate 1-week periods, and discharge was measured at 18 locations in the lakes. These data were collected to be available for use in hydrodynamic models.  ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004115","usgsCitation":"Schrader, D.L., and Holmes, R.R., 2000, Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4115, iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004115.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=00-4115","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"6000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, David L.","contributorId":45748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28870,"text":"wri004066 - 2000 - Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:24:32.317717","indexId":"wri004066","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4066","title":"Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"A coupled ground- and surface-water model (MODBRANCH) was developed to estimate ground-water flow beneath Levee 31N in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and to simulate hydrologic conditions in the surrounding area. The study included compilation of data from monitoring stations, measurement of vertical seepage rates in wetlands, and analysis of the hydrogeologic properties of the ground-water aquifer within the study area. In addition, the MODBRANCH code was modified to calculate the exchange between surface-water channels and ground water using a relation based on the concept of reach transmissivity. The modified reach-transmissivity version of the MODBRANCH code was successfully tested on three simple problems with known analytical solutions. It was also tested and determined to function adequately on one field problem that had previously been solved using the unmodified version of the software. The modified version of MODBRANCH was judged to have performed satisfactorily, and it required about 60 percent as many iterations to reach a solution. Additionally, its input parameters are more physically-based and less dependent on model-grid spacing. A model of the Levee 31N area was developed and used with the original and modified versions of MODBRANCH, which produced similar output. The mean annual modeled ground-water heads differed by only 0.02 foot, and the mean annual canal discharge differed by less than 1.0 cubic foot per second. Seepage meters were used to quantify vertical seepage rates in the Everglades wetlands area west of Levee 31N. A comparison between results from the seepage meters and from the computer model indicated substantial differences that seemed to be a result of local variations in the hydraulic properties in the topmost part of the Biscayne aquifer. The transmissivity of the Biscayne aquifer was estimated to be 1,400,000 square feet per day in the study area. The computer model was employed to simulate seepage of ground water beneath Levee 31N. Modeled seepage rates were usually between 100 and 400 cubic feet per day per foot of levee, but extreme values ranged from about -200 to 500 cubic feet per day (positive values indicate eastward seepage beneath the levee). The modeled seepage results were used to develop an algorithm to estimate seepage based on head differential at selected monitoring stations. The algorithm was determined to adequately predict ground-water seepage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004066","usgsCitation":"Nemeth, M.S., Wilcox, W.M., and Solo-Gabriele, H.M., 2000, Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4066, iv, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004066.","productDescription":"iv, 80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411662,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34359.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004066","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Levee 31N","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.417,\n              25.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.583,\n              25.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.583,\n              25.658\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.417,\n              25.658\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.417,\n              25.783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e774d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemeth, Mark S.","contributorId":80319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemeth","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Walter M.","contributorId":41470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.","contributorId":16871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solo-Gabriele","given":"Helena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45135,"text":"pp1628 - 2000 - Regional ground-water evapotranspiration and ground-water budgets, Great Basin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T21:21:03.003777","indexId":"pp1628","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1628","title":"Regional ground-water evapotranspiration and ground-water budgets, Great Basin, Nevada","docAbstract":"PART A: Ground-water evapotranspiration data from five sites in Nevada and seven sites in Owens Valley, California, were used to develop equations for estimating ground-water evapotranspiration as a function of phreatophyte plant cover or as a function of the depth to ground water. Equations are given for estimating mean daily seasonal and annual ground-water evapotranspiration. The equations that estimate ground-water evapotranspiration as a function of plant cover can be used to estimate regional-scale ground-water evapotranspiration using vegetation indices derived from satellite data for areas where the depth to ground water is poorly known. Equations that estimate ground-water evapotranspiration as a function of the depth to ground water can be used where the depth to ground water is known, but for which information on plant cover is lacking. \r\n\r\nPART B: Previous ground-water studies estimated groundwater evapotranspiration by phreatophytes and bare soil in Nevada on the basis of results of field studies published in 1912 and 1932. More recent studies of evapotranspiration by rangeland phreatophytes, using micrometeorological methods as discussed in Chapter A of this report, provide new data on which to base estimates of ground-water evapotranspiration. An approach correlating ground-water evapotranspiration with plant cover is used in conjunction with a modified soil-adjusted vegetation index derived from Landsat data to develop a method for estimating the magnitude and distribution of ground-water evapotranspiration at a regional scale. Large areas of phreatophytes near Duckwater and Lockes in Railroad Valley are believed to subsist on ground water discharged from nearby regional springs. Ground-water evapotranspiration by the Duckwater phreatophytes of about 11,500 acre-feet estimated by the method described in this report compares well with measured discharge of about 13,500 acre-feet from the springs near Duckwater. Measured discharge from springs near Lockes was about 2,400 acre-feet; estimated ground-water evapotranspiration using the proposed method was about 2,450 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nPART C:  Previous estimates of ground-water budgets in Nevada were based on methods and data that now are more than 60 years old. Newer methods, data, and technologies were used in the present study to estimate ground-water recharge from precipitation and ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration by phreatophytes for 16 contiguous valleys in eastern Nevada. Annual ground-water recharge to these valleys was estimated to be about 855,000 acre-feet and annual ground-water evapotranspiration was estimated to be about 790,000 acrefeet; both are a little more than two times greater than previous estimates. The imbalance of recharge over evapotranspiration represents recharge that either (1) leaves the area as interbasin flow or (2) is derived from precipitation that falls on terrain within the topographic boundary of the study area but contributes to discharge from hydrologic systems that lie outside these topographic limits. \r\n\r\nA vegetation index derived from Landsat-satellite data was used to estimate phreatophyte plant cover on the floors of the 16 valleys. The estimated phreatophyte plant cover then was used to estimate annual ground-water evapotranspiration. Detailed estimates of summer, winter, and annual ground-water evapotranspiration for areas with different ranges of phreatophyte plant cover were prepared for each valley. The estimated ground-water discharge from 15 valleys, combined with independent estimates of interbasin ground-water flow into or from a valley, were used to calculate the percentage of recharge derived from precipitation within the topographic boundary of each valley. These percentages then were used to estimate ground-water recharge from precipitation within each valley. \r\n\r\nGround-water budgets for all 16 valleys were based on the estimated recharge from precipitation and estimated evapotranspiration. Any imba","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1628","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 2000, Regional ground-water evapotranspiration and ground-water budgets, Great Basin, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1628, Report: 101 p.; 4 Plates: 30.00 × 60.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1628.","productDescription":"Report: 101 p.; 4 Plates: 30.00 × 60.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403440,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34830.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":336793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82270,"rank":302,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247729,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247727,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247728,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.567,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.204,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.204,\n              41.133\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.567,\n              41.133\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.567,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4792e4b07f02db48bd33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27861,"text":"wri934167 - 2000 - Water resources of the Blackstone River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-11T14:04:58","indexId":"wri934167","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4167","title":"Water resources of the Blackstone River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>By 2020, demand for water in the Blackstone River Basin is expected to be 52 million gallons per day, one-third greater than the demand of 39 million gallons per day in 1980. Most of this increase is expected to be supplied by increased withdrawals of ground water from stratified-drift aquifers in the eastern and northern parts of the basin. Increased withdrawals from stratified-drift aquifers along the Blackstone River and in the western part of the basin also are expected.</p><p>The eastern and northern parts of the Blackstone River Basin contain numerous small, discontinuous aquifers which, as a group, comprise the largest ground-water resource of the study area. Fifteen aquifers, ranging in areal extent from 0.57 to 4.3 square miles, were identified. These aquifers have maximum saturated thicknesses ranging from less than 10 feet to 105 feet and maximum transmissivities ranging from less than 1,000 to more than 20,000 feet squared per day. Yields of nine study aquifers were estimated by use of digital ground-water-flow models. Yields depend on the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the amount of streamflow available for depletion by wells. If streamflow is maintained at 98-percent duration, long-term yields from the aquifers that would be expected to be equaled or exceeded 50 percent of the time range from 0.22 to 11 million gallons per day, and long-term yields equaled or exceeded 95 percent of the time range from 0.06 to 1.0 million gallons per day. If streamflow is maintained at 99.5-percent duration, long-term yields equaled or exceeded 50 percent of the time range from 0.22 to 11 million gallons per day, long-term yields equaled or exceeded 95 percent of the time range from 0.04 to 1.4 million gallons per day, and longterm yields equaled or exceeded 98 percent of the time range from 0.02 to 0.39 million gallons per day. Maintaining streamflow at 98-percent duration is a more restrictive criterion than maintaining streamflow at 99.5-percent duration. </p><p>The upper Lake Quinsigamond, upper West River, and Stone Brook aquifers are capable of sustaining withdrawals of at least 1 million gallons per day more than their rates in the mid-1980s. The upper Mill River and Auburn aquifers are not capable of sustaining additional withdrawals of 0.25 million gallons per day. Ground-water quality in the Auburn aquifer has been degraded by activities and contaminants associated with urbanization.</p><p>A nearly continuous deposit of stratified drift almost 30 miles long and from 400 feet to more than 1 mile wide occupies lowland areas along the southeastern part of the Blackstone River. These deposits were divided into four aquifers ranging in areal extent from 1.8 to 3.5 square miles. These aquifers have maximum saturated thicknesses ranging from 54 to 170 feet and maximum transmissivities ranging from less than 1,500 to more than 20,000 feet squared per day. The Blackstone River receives substantial amounts of treated municipal wastewater. Infiltration of poor-quality surface water has significantly increased the specific conductance and the concentrations of all major ions, ammonia,&nbsp;iron, and manganese in the water pumped from at least two wells near the river. These wells derive about 41 and 48 percent of their yield from infiltrated surface water. At both sites, aquifer heterogeneity controlled the movement of infiltrated water to the wells. At one of these sites, where the flow of infiltrated water was tracked (by use of a digital model) in three dimensions, infiltrated water moved to the well through gravel layers that did not constitute the entire thickness of the aquifer. Changes in stream discharge that resulted in changes in surface-water quality also affected the quality of ground water at that site. </p><p>The western part of the Blackstone River Basin contains the smallest aquifers evaluated in the study area. Six aquifers, ranging in areal extent from 0.05 to 1.3 square miles, were identified. The hydraulic properties of most of these aquifers have not been determined, but available data indicate that maximum saturated thicknesses range from 28 to 71 feet and maximum transmissivities range from 2,300 to 15,000 feet squared per day.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934167","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management, Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., 2000, Water resources of the Blackstone River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4167, Report: vi, 115 p.; 2 Plates: 46.47 x 34.00 inches and 46.67 x 34.00, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 115 p.; 2 Plates: 46.47 x 34.00 inches and 46.67 x 34.00","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350422,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350421,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Blackstone River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.93367004394531,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3,\n              42.371227435069805\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.93367004394531,\n              42.371227435069805\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.93367004394531,\n              41.9\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f05ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27764,"text":"wri994287 - 2000 - Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri994287","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4287","title":"Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin","docAbstract":"Techniques for management of drainage basins that use water budgets to balance available water resources with actual or anticipated water use require accurate and precise estimates of basin withdrawals, interbasin transfers of freshwater, unaccounted-for use, water use, consumptive use, inflow and infiltration, basin return flow, and interbasin transfers of wastewater. Frequently, interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater are not included in basin water budgets because they occur within public water-delivery and wastewater-collection systems. A new 10-step method was developed to improve estimates of inflow and infiltration and interbasin transfers using readily available statewide data. The accuracy and precision of water-use estimates determined by this method are improved through careful application of coefficients for small users and the use of metered values for large users. The method was developed and tested with data for the Ten Mile River Basin in southeastern Massachusetts. This report uses examples from the basin to illustrate each step of the method. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994287","usgsCitation":"Horn, M., 2000, Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4287, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994287.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2133,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994287","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, M.A.","contributorId":92223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29272,"text":"wri004079 - 2000 - Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri004079","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4079","title":"Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas","docAbstract":"Peak streamflows were estimated at selected recurrence intervals (frequencies) ranging from 2 to 200 years using log-Pearson Type III distributions for 253 streamflow-gaging stations in Kansas. The annual peak-streamflow data, through the 1997 water year, were from streamflow-gaging stations with unregulated flow in mostly rural basins. A weighted least-squares regression model was used to generalize the coefficients of station skewness. The resulting generalized skewness equation provides more reliable estimates than the previously developed equation for Kansas. A generalized least-squares regression model then was used to develop equations for estimating peak streamflows for sites without stream gages for selected frequencies from selected physical and climatic basin characteristics for sites without stream gages. The equations can be used to estimate peak streamflows for selected frequencies using contributing-drainage area, mean annual precipitation, soil permeability, and slope of the main channel for ungaged sites in Kansas with a contributing-drainage area greater than 0.17 and less than 9,100 square miles. The errors of prediction for the generalized least-squares-generated equations range from 31 to 62 percent. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004079","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., and Perry, C.A., 2000, Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4079, iv, 33 p., (2 folded) :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004079.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p., (2 folded) :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2262,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.00-4079.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4079/report.pdf","size":"6758","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4079/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27926,"text":"wri20004095 - 2000 - Characterization of rainfall-runoff response and estimation of the effect of wetland restoration on runoff, Heron Lake Basin, southwestern Minnesota, 1991-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:18:30","indexId":"wri20004095","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4095","title":"Characterization of rainfall-runoff response and estimation of the effect of wetland restoration on runoff, Heron Lake Basin, southwestern Minnesota, 1991-97","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Heron Lake Watershed District, conducted a study to characterize the rainfall-runoff response and to examine the effects of wetland restoration on the rainfall-runoff response within the Heron Lake Basin in southwestern Minnesota. About 93 percent of the land cover in the Heron Lake Basin consists of agricultural lands, consisting almost entirely of row crops, with less than one percent consisting of wetlands. The Hydrological Simulation Program &ndash; Fortran (HSPF), Version 10, was calibrated to continuous discharge data and used to characterize rainfall-runoff responses in the Heron Lake Basin between May 1991 and August 1997. Simulation of the Heron Lake Basin was done as a two-step process: (1) simulations of five small subbasins using data from August 1995 through August 1997, and (2) simulations of the two large basins, Jack and Okabena Creek Basins, using data from May 1991 through September 1996. Simulations of the five small subbasins was done to determine basin parameters for the land segments and assess rainfall-runoff response variability in the basin. Simulations of the two larger basins were done to verify the basin parameters and assess rainfall-runoff responses over a larger area and for a longer time period. Best-fit calibrations of the five subbasin simulations indicate that the rainfall-runoff response is uniform throughout the Heron Lake Basin, and 48 percent of the total rainfall for storms becomes direct (surface and interflow) runoff. Rainfall-runoff response variations result from variations in the distribution, intensity, timing, and duration of rainfall; soil moisture; evapotranspiration rates; and the presence of lakes in the basin. In the spring, the amount and distribution of rainfall tends to govern the runoff response. High evapotranspiration rates in the summer result in a depletion of moisture from the soils, substantially affecting the rainfall-runoff relation. Five wetland restoration simulations were run for each of five subbasins using data from August 1995 through August 1997, and for the two larger basins, Jack and Okabena Creek Basins, using data from May 1991 through September 1996. Results from linear regression analysis of total simulated direct runoff and total rainfall data for simulated storms in the wetland-restoration simulations indicate that the portion of total rainfall that becomes runoff will be reduced by 46 percent if 45 percent of current cropland is converted to wetland. The addition of wetlands reduced peak runoff in most of the simulations, but the reduction varied with antecedent soil moisture, the magnitude of the peak flow, and the presence of current wetlands and lakes. Reductions in the simulated total and peak runoff from the Jack Creek Basin for most of the simulated storms were greatest when additional wetlands were simulated in the North Branch Jack Creek or the Upper Jack Creek Subbasins. In the Okabena Creek Basin, reductions in simulated peak runoff for most of the storms were greatest when additional wetlands were simulated in the Lower Okabena Creek Subbasin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Heron Lake Watershed District","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., and Winterstein, T.A., 2000, Characterization of rainfall-runoff response and estimation of the effect of wetland restoration on runoff, Heron Lake Basin, southwestern Minnesota, 1991-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4095, vii, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004095.","productDescription":"vii, 160 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-05-01","temporalEnd":"1997-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":30007,"text":"wri004113 - 2000 - Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T20:34:20.007246","indexId":"wri004113","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4113","title":"Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas","docAbstract":"Flow-duration curves for 1968-98 were estimated for 16 ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River Basins in south-central Kansas. The method of estimation used six unique factors of flow duration: (1) mean streamflow and percentage duration of mean streamflow, (2) ratio of 1-percent-duration streamflow to mean streamflow, (3) ratio of 0.1-percent-duration streamflow to 1-percent-duration streamflow, (4) ratio of 50-percent-duration streamflow to mean streamflow, (5) percentage duration of appreciable streamflow (0.10 cubic foot per second), and (6) average slope of the flow-duration curve. These factors were previously developed from a regionalized study of flow-duration curves using streamflow data for 1921-76. The method was tested on a currently measured, continuous-record streamflow-gaging station on the Little Arkansas River at Valley Center, Kansas, and was found to adequately estimate the computed flow-duration curve for the station. The low-flow parts of the estimated flow-duration curves were improved substantially using low- to medium-flow discharge measurements made concurrently with discharge measurements and flow-duration analyses performed at nearby, long-term, continuous-record, streamflow-gaging stations. The estimated flow-duration curves at the ungaged sites can be used for projecting future flow frequencies for assessment of total maximum daily loads (TMDL's) or other water-quality constituents and for water-availability studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004113","usgsCitation":"Studley, S.E., 2000, Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4113, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004113.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30110.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004113","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd01c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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