Results reported herein include trace element concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica (Cohen and Carlton 1995)), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure for a mudflat one kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay. This report includes data collected for the period January 2007 to December 2007, and extends a critical long-term biogeochemical record dating back to 1974. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
Metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue during 2007 remained consistent with results observed since 1990. Most notably, copper and silver concentrations in sediment and clam tissue are elevated for the second consecutive year, but the values remain well within the range of past findings. Other metals such as chromium, nickel, vanadium, and zinc remained relatively constant throughout the year except for maximum values that generally occur in winter months (January-March). Mercury levels in sediment and clam tissue were some of the lowest seen on record. Last year’s elevated selenium levels appear to be transient, and selenium concentrations have returned to background levels. Overall, metal concentrations in sediments and tissue remain within past findings.
Analyses of the benthic-community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 31-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the reproductive activity of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable, with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring of most years. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that suggests a more stable community that is subjected to less stress. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes, have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals. Heteromastus filiformis, a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying their eggs on or in the sediment, has shown a concurrent increase in dominance and is now showing signs of population stability. These changes in species dominance reflect a change in the community from one dominated by surface dwelling, brooding species to one with species with varying life history characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Lorenzi, A.H., Cain, D.J., Parcheso, F., Thompson, J.K., Luoma, S.N., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2008, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1180, Report: vi, 120 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081180.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 120 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83759.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palo Alto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11063385009766,\n 37.448560304142596\n ],\n [\n -122.09140777587892,\n 37.448560304142596\n ],\n [\n -122.09140777587892,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -122.11063385009766,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -122.11063385009766,\n 37.448560304142596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenzi, Allison H.","contributorId":63484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenzi","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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The update was necessary because of new information about substantial increases in resources in some deposits and because we revised locations of some deposits so that they are consistent with images in GoogleEarth. In this report we have added new porphyry copper deposits and removed a few incorrectly classed deposits. In addition, some errors have been corrected and a number of deposits have had some information, such as grades, tonnages, locations, or ages revised. Colleagues have helped identify places where improvements were needed. Mineral deposit models are important in exploration planning and quantitative resource assessments for a number of reasons including: (1) grades and tonnages among deposit types are significantly different, and (2) many types occur in different geologic settings that can be identified from geologic maps. Mineral deposit models are the keystone in combining the diverse geoscience information on geology, mineral occurrences, geophysics, and geochemistry used in resource assessments and mineral exploration. Too few thoroughly explored \r\n\r\nmineral deposits are available in most local areas for reliable identification of the important geoscience variables or for robust estimation of undiscovered deposits?thus we need mineral-deposit models. Globally based deposit models allow recognition of important features because the global models demonstrate how common different features are. Well-designed and -constructed deposit models allow geologists to know from observed geologic environments the possible mineral deposit types that might exist, and allow economists to determine the possible economic viability of these resources in the region. Thus, mineral deposit models play the central role in transforming geoscience information to a form useful to policy makers. The foundation of mineral deposit models is information about known deposits. The purpose of this publication is to make this kind of information available in digital form for porphyry copper deposits. The consistently defined deposits in this file provide the foundation for grade and tonnage models included here and for mineral deposit density models (Singer and others, 2005: Singer, 2008).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081155","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C., 2008, Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155, Report: 45 p.; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081155.","productDescription":"Report: 45 p.; Data Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":396238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/data","text":"Data Folder"},{"id":396237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/of2008-1155.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Vladimir I.","contributorId":15246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85789,"text":"ofr20081179 - 2008 - Mercury Release from the Rathburn Mine, Petray Mine, and Bear Valley Saline Springs, Colusa County, California 2004-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081179","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1179","title":"Mercury Release from the Rathburn Mine, Petray Mine, and Bear Valley Saline Springs, Colusa County, California 2004-2006","docAbstract":"This report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of mine tailings and waste rock at the Rathburn and Petray Mines that was initiated in July 17, 2001 and water and sediment in regional springs and tributaries that drain from the mine area into Bear Creek on December 14, 2004 and February 16 and May 27, 2005. Although it was initially assumed that the mines were the cause of elevated levels of monomethyl Hg measured by the Central Regional Water Quality Control Board in tributaries near their confluence with Bear Creek (Foe and others, unpublished results), it became apparent during this study that ground water springs were also potential sources of Hg. In addition to sampling of springs in May 2005, saline ground water seepage along an unnamed fault on the west side of Bear Valley was sampled on December 13-14, 2006. We did not sample water or sediment in Bear Creek itself during this study. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of mining and natural sources of Hg and associated chemical constituents that could elevate levels of monomethyl Hg in Bear Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081179","collaboration":"Jointly funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A.J., and Rytuba, J.J., 2008, Mercury Release from the Rathburn Mine, Petray Mine, and Bear Valley Saline Springs, Colusa County, California 2004-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1179, Report: v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081179.","productDescription":"Report: v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,38.5 ], [ -123,39.5 ], [ -122,39.5 ], [ -122,38.5 ], [ -123,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62427f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, Aaron J.","contributorId":30706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85007,"text":"ofr20081165 - 2008 - Field Methods and Quality-Assurance Plan for Quality-of-Water Activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ofr20081165","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1165","title":"Field Methods and Quality-Assurance Plan for Quality-of-Water Activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water-quality activities conducted by the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office coincide with the USGS mission of appraising the quantity and quality of the Nation's water resources. The activities are conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Idaho Operations Office. Results of the water-quality investigations are presented in various USGS publications or in refereed scientific journals. The results of the studies are highly regarded, and they are used with confidence by researchers, regulatory and managerial agencies, and interested civic groups.\r\n\r\nIn its broadest sense, quality assurance refers to doing the job right the first time. It includes the functions of planning for products, review and acceptance of the products, and an audit designed to evaluate the system that produces the products. Quality control and quality assurance differ in that quality control ensures that things are done correctly given the 'state-of-the-art' technology, and quality assurance ensures that quality control is maintained within specified limits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy DOE/ID-22206","usgsCitation":"Knobel, L.L., Tucker, B.J., and Rousseau, J.P., 2008, Field Methods and Quality-Assurance Plan for Quality-of-Water Activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1165, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081165.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11461,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Betty J.","contributorId":27885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Betty","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":82157,"text":"ofr20081166 - 2008 - STRMDEPL08 - An extended version of STRMDEPL with additional analytical solutions to calculate streamflow depletion by nearby pumping wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T10:55:21","indexId":"ofr20081166","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1166","title":"STRMDEPL08 - An extended version of STRMDEPL with additional analytical solutions to calculate streamflow depletion by nearby pumping wells","docAbstract":"STRMDEPL, a one-dimensional model using two analytical solutions to calculate streamflow depletion by a nearby pumping well, was extended to account for two additional analytical solutions. The extended program is named STRMDEPL08. The original program incorporated solutions for a stream that fully penetrates the aquifer with and without streambed resistance to ground-water flow. The modified program includes solutions for a partially penetrating stream with streambed resistance and for a stream in an aquitard subjected to pumping from an underlying leaky aquifer. The code also was modified to allow the user to input pumping variations at other than 1-day intervals. The modified code is shown to correctly evaluate the analytical solutions and to provide correct results for half-day time intervals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Reeves, H.W., 2008, STRMDEPL08 - An extended version of STRMDEPL with additional analytical solutions to calculate streamflow depletion by nearby pumping wells: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1166, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081166.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081166.JPG"},{"id":11444,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":82158,"text":"ofr20081203 - 2008 - Flood Magnitude and Frequency of the Delaware River in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20081203","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1203","title":"Flood Magnitude and Frequency of the Delaware River in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"From September 2004 to June 2006, the Delaware River in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania experienced three major floods that caused extensive damage. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) needed updated information on the flood magnitude and frequency for the eight active streamflow-gaging stations along the main stem Delaware River in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania that included the three recent floods in order to update its flood insurance studies. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) computed updated flood magnitude and frequency values following the guidelines published by the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data in its Bulletin 17B. The updated flood-frequency values indicate that the recurrence interval of the September 2004 flood ranged from 20 to 35 years, the recurrence interval of the April 2005 flood ranged from 40 to 70 years, and the recurrence interval of the June 2006 flood ranged from 70 to greater than 100 years. Examination of trends in flood discharges indicate no statistically significant trends in peak flows during the period of record for any of the eight streamflow-gaging stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Schopp, R.D., and Firda, G.D., 2008, Flood Magnitude and Frequency of the Delaware River in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1203, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081203.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-09-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,40 ], [ -77,42.5 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -74,40 ], [ -77,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef23e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schopp, Robert D.","contributorId":10426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schopp","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":82156,"text":"ofr20081144 - 2008 - Experimental Repatriation of Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) in the Sierra Nevada of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:24","indexId":"ofr20081144","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1144","title":"Experimental Repatriation of Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) in the Sierra Nevada of California","docAbstract":"In the late 1970s, Rana muscosa (mountain yellow-legged frog) was common in the Tableland area of Sequoia National Park, California where it was possible to find hundreds of tadpoles and adults around many of the ponds and lakes. Surveys in 1993-1995 demonstrated that R. muscosa was absent from more than half of all suitable habitat within the park, including the Tableland area. At that same time, R. muscosa was still common at Sixty Lake Basin, Kings Canyon National Park, 30 km to the northeast. To evaluate the potential causes for the extirpation, we repatriated R. muscosa eggs, tadpoles, subadults, and adult frogs from Sixty Lake Basin to four sites in the Tableland area in 1994 and 1995. We subsequently surveyed each release site and the surrounding area 2 - 3 times per week in 1994-1995, and intermittently in 1996-1997, to monitor the survival of all life history stages, and to detect dispersal of adults and subadults. We also monitored predation, water quality, weather, and water temperature.\r\n\r\nOur techniques for capturing, holding, transporting, and releasing R. muscosa were refined during the study, and during 1995 resulted in high initial survival rates of all life history stages. Adult frogs were anaesthetized, weighed, measured, tagged, and held in plastic boxes with wet paper towels. Tadpoles were collected and held in fiberglass screen cages set in the water at the edge of a pond. This resulted in relatively natural conditions with less crowding and good water circulation. Frogs, tadpoles, and eggs were placed in Ziploc bags for transport to the Tableland by helicopter. Short-term survival of tadpoles, subadults, and adults was high at all four release sites, tadpoles reached metamorphosis, and adult frogs were still present. However, we detected no evidence of reproduction at three sites (e.g., no new eggs or small tadpoles) and nearly all life history stages disappeared within 12 months. At the fourth site, there was limited reproduction, but it was insufficient to maintain a population.\r\n\r\nIt appears that the causal factors for the demise of R. muscosa in the Tableland during the 1970s were still operating in the 1990s or that a new limiting factor has developed. Dispersal, weather, water quality, and predation do not appear to be causative agents; since fish have never been present in the portions of the watershed where we were working, they were not a factor. Observations and data are consistent with the hypotheses that chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and/or exposure to airborne pesticides caused both declines. However, at the time of our study, chytridiomycosis had not been described and the potentially significant role of contaminants was largely undocumented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Bradford, D.F., Pratt, D., and Wood, L., 2008, Experimental Repatriation of Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) in the Sierra Nevada of California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1144, iii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081144.","productDescription":"iii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686514","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, David F.","contributorId":81587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, David dpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"David","email":"dpratt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Leslie","contributorId":84467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":82155,"text":"ofr20081115 - 2008 - Geologic Field Notes, Geochemical Analyses, and Field Photographs of Outcrops and Rock Samples from the Big Delta B-1 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T11:33:30","indexId":"ofr20081115","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1115","title":"Geologic Field Notes, Geochemical Analyses, and Field Photographs of Outcrops and Rock Samples from the Big Delta B-1 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Mining, Land, and Water, has released a geologic map of the Big Delta B-1 quadrangle of east-central Alaska (Day and others, 2007). This companion report presents the major element oxide and trace element geochemical analyses, including those for gold, silver, and base metals, for representative rock units and for grab samples from quartz veins and mineralized zones within the quadrangle. Also included are field station locations, field notes, structural data, and field photographs based primarily on observations by W.C. Day with additions by J.M. O'Neill and B.M. Gamble, all of the U.S. Geological Survey. The data are provided in both Microsoft Excel spread sheet format and as a Microsoft Access database.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081115","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., and O’Neill, J.M., 2008, Geologic Field Notes, Geochemical Analyses, and Field Photographs of Outcrops and Rock Samples from the Big Delta B-1 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1115, Report: iv, 14 p.; Database; Tables; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081115.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Database; Tables; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11442,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -144.5,64.25 ], [ -144.5,64.5 ], [ -144,64.5 ], [ -144,64.25 ], [ -144.5,64.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":99522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":82153,"text":"ofr20081210 - 2008 - Technical Analysis of In-Valley Drainage Management Strategies for the Western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20081210","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1210","title":"Technical Analysis of In-Valley Drainage Management Strategies for the Western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The western San Joaquin Valley is one of the most productive farming areas in the United States, but salt-buildup in soils and shallow groundwater aquifers threatens this area?s productivity. Elevated selenium concentrations in soils and groundwater complicate drainage management and salt disposal. In this document, we evaluate constraints on drainage management and implications of various approaches to management considered in: \r\n\r\n*the San Luis Drainage Feature Re-Evaluation (SLDFRE) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) (about 5,000 pages of documentation, including supporting technical reports and appendices); \r\n\r\n*recent conceptual plans put forward by the San Luis Unit (SLU) contractors (i.e., the SLU Plans) (about 6 pages of documentation); \r\n\r\n*approaches recommended by the San Joaquin Valley Drainage Program (SJVDP) (1990a); and \r\n\r\n*other U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) models and analysis relevant to the western San Joaquin Valley. \r\n\r\nThe alternatives developed in the SLDFRE EIS and other recently proposed drainage plans (refer to appendix A for details) differ from the strategies proposed by the San Joaquin Valley Drainage Program (1990a). The Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) in March 2007 signed a record of decision for an in-valley disposal option that would retire 194,000 acres of land, build 1,900 acres of evaporation ponds, and develop a treatment system to remove salt and selenium from drainwater. The recently proposed SLU Plans emphasize pumping drainage to the surface, storing approximately 33% in agricultural water re-use areas, treating selenium through biotechnology, enhancing the evaporation of water to concentrate salt, and identifying ultimate storage facilities for the remaining approximately 67% of waste selenium and salt. The treatment sequence of reuse, reverse osmosis, selenium bio-treatment, and enhanced solar evaporation is unprecedented and untested at the scale needed to meet plan requirements. \r\n\r\nAll drainage management strategies that have been proposed seek to reduce the amount of drainage water produced. One approach is to reduce the amount of drainage per irrigated acre. From modeling simulations performed for the SLDFRE EIS of the Westlands Area of the SLU, theoretical minimums that can be achieved range from approximately 0.16 to 0.25 acre-feet per acre per year (AF/acre/year). Minimum production rates from the Northerly Area of the SLU are theorized as being much higher, approximately 0. 42 to 0.28 AF/acre/year. Rates shown in the SLU Plans for drained acres from the two areas combined are 0.5 AF/acre/year at the subsurface drain stage and 0.37 AF/acre/year after a series of on-farm and regional measures are instituted. \r\n\r\nLand retirement is a key strategy to reduce drainage because it can effectively reduce drainage to zero if all drainage-impaired lands are retired. Land retirement alternatives considered in the SLDFRE EIS differ for the two areas analyzed in the SLU. The Northerly Area is to retire a nominal 10,000 acres and Westlands is to retire up to 300,000 acres. The initial land retirement option recently put forth in the SLU Plans predicted drainage volume reductions that are consistent with 200,000 acres of land retirement, but only 100,000 acres of land retirement was proposed. \r\n\r\nWithin the proposed area of drainage there are, for all practical purposes, unlimited reservoirs of selenium and salt stored within the aquifers and soils of the valley and upslope in the Coast Ranges. Salt imported in irrigation water is estimated to be at least 1.5 million tons per year for the Westlands and Northerly Areas (SJVDIP, 1998). Analysis of the land retirement alternatives presented in the SLDFRE EIS indicates that land retirement of a minimum of only 100,000 acres results in the annual pumping to the surface of 20,142 pounds of selenium or about a million pounds of selenium over a 50 year period. Retiring 200,000 acres results in an annual pumping of 14,750 pounds of selenium; and reti","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081210","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., and Schwarzbach, S.E., 2008, Technical Analysis of In-Valley Drainage Management Strategies for the Western San Joaquin Valley, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1210, vii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081210.","productDescription":"vii, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11439,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven E. steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":1025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","email":"steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":82150,"text":"ofr20081193 - 2008 - Engineering and Economics of the USGS Circum-Arctic Oil and Gas Resource Appraisal (CARA) Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20081193","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1193","title":"Engineering and Economics of the USGS Circum-Arctic Oil and Gas Resource Appraisal (CARA) Project","docAbstract":"This Open-File report contains illustrative materials, in the form of PowerPoint slides, used for an oral presentation given at the Fourth U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on Reserve Growth of petroleum resources held on March 10-11, 2008. The presentation focused on engineering and economic aspects of the Circum-Arctic Oil and Gas Resource Appraisal (CARA) project, with a special emphasis on the costs related to the development of hypothetical oil and gas fields of different sizes and reservoir characteristics in the North Danmarkshavn Basin off the northeast coast of Greenland.\r\n\r\nThe individual PowerPoint slides highlight the topics being addressed in an abbreviated format; they are discussed below, and are amplified with additional text as appropriate. Also included in this report are the summary results of a typical ?run? to generate the necessary capital and operating costs for the development of an offshore oil field off the northeast coast of Greenland; the data are displayed in MS Excel format generated using Questor software (IHS Energy, Inc.).\r\n\r\nU.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acknowledges that this report includes data supplied by IHS Energy, Inc.; Copyright (2008) all rights reserved. IHS Energy has granted USGS the permission to publish this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081193","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., White, L.P., and Gautier, D.L., 2008, Engineering and Economics of the USGS Circum-Arctic Oil and Gas Resource Appraisal (CARA) Project (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1193, Report: 17 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081193.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-03-10","temporalEnd":"2008-03-11","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Mahendra K. mverma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Mahendra K.","email":"mverma@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Loring P.","contributorId":65729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Loring","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":82148,"text":"ofr20081151 - 2008 - Historical seismicity in the South San Francisco Bay Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:45:35","indexId":"ofr20081151","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1151","title":"Historical seismicity in the South San Francisco Bay Region","docAbstract":"Locations (intensity centers) and moment magnitude M for 24 earthquakes (1858-1911) in the southern San Francisco Bay area are estimated from Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) assignments. The uncertainties in location and M are generally large because there are few MMI assignments available. Preferred locations are selected to be consistent with a simple model for seismic activity on the central and southern Calaveras fault. Significant seismic activity can be explained by repetitive failure of the same fault areas in nearly identical earthquakes. Significant earthquake activity occurred on both east- and west-Bay faults in the ten or so years before the 1868 east-Bay earthquake and before the1906 and 1989 west-Bay earthquakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081151","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 2008, Historical seismicity in the South San Francisco Bay Region (Version 1.1, revised 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1151, ii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081151.","productDescription":"ii, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,36.5 ], [ -122.5,38 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -121,36.5 ], [ -122.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, revised 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ebe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, William H.","contributorId":39361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":82147,"text":"ofr20081205 - 2008 - A Preliminary SPARROW Model of Suspended Sediment for the Conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20081205","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1205","title":"A Preliminary SPARROW Model of Suspended Sediment for the Conterminous United States","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a preliminary Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model of suspended sediment for the conterminous United States. The analysis is based on flux estimates compiled from more than 1,800 long-term monitoring stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during the period 1975-2007. The SPARROW model is structured on the Reach File 1 (RF1) stream network, consisting of approximately 62,000 reach segments. The reach network has been modified to include more than 4,000 reservoirs, an important landscape feature affecting the delivery of suspended sediment. The model identifies six sources of sediment, including the stream channel and five classes of land use: urban, forested, Federal nonforested, agricultural and other, and noninundated land. The delivery of sediment from landform sources to RF1 streams is mediated by soil permeability, erodibility, slope, and rainfall; streamflow is found to affect the amount of sediment mobilized from the stream channel. The results show agricultural land and the stream channel to be major sources of sediment flux. Per unit area, Federal nonforested and urban lands are the largest landform sediment sources. Reservoirs are identified as major sites for sediment attenuation. This report includes a description for how the model results can be used to assess changes in instream sediment flux and concentration resulting from proposed changes in the regulation of sediment discharge from construction sites.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081205","usgsCitation":"Schwarz, G., 2008, A Preliminary SPARROW Model of Suspended Sediment for the Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1205, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081205.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11429,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4964e4b0b290850ef1e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":82144,"text":"ofr20081159 - 2008 - TRIGRS - A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis, Version 2.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20081159","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1159","title":"TRIGRS - A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis, Version 2.0","docAbstract":"The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) is a Fortran program designed for modeling the timing and distribution of shallow, rainfall-induced landslides. The program computes transient pore-pressure changes, and attendant changes in the factor of safety, due to rainfall infiltration. The program models rainfall infiltration, resulting from storms that have durations ranging from hours to a few days, using analytical solutions for partial differential equations that represent one-dimensional, vertical flow in isotropic, homogeneous materials for either saturated or unsaturated conditions. Use of step-function series allows the program to represent variable rainfall input, and a simple runoff routing model allows the user to divert excess water from impervious areas onto more permeable downslope areas. The TRIGRS program uses a simple infinite-slope model to compute factor of safety on a cell-by-cell basis. An approximate formula for effective stress in unsaturated materials aids computation of the factor of safety in unsaturated soils. Horizontal heterogeneity is accounted for by allowing material properties, rainfall, and other input values to vary from cell to cell. This command-line program is used in conjunction with geographic information system (GIS) software to prepare input grids and visualize model results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081159","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Savage, W.Z., and Godt, J.W., 2008, TRIGRS - A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis, Version 2.0 (Revised Oct 20 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1159, Report: vi, 75 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081159.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 75 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11426,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised Oct 20 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6878a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":82146,"text":"ofr20081197 - 2008 - Structure of the San Bernardino Basin along two seismic transects: Rialto-Colton Fault to the San Andreas Fault and along the I-215 Freeway (I-10 to SR30)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T18:18:23.763936","indexId":"ofr20081197","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1197","title":"Structure of the San Bernardino Basin along two seismic transects: Rialto-Colton Fault to the San Andreas Fault and along the I-215 Freeway (I-10 to SR30)","docAbstract":"In this report, we present seismic data and acquisition parameters for two seismic profiles acquired in the San Bernardino, California area in May and October 2003. We refer to these seismic profiles as the San Bernardino Regional (SBR) and San Bernardino High-Resolution (SBHR) seismic profiles. We present both un-interpreted and interpreted seismic images so that the structure of the area can independently interpreted by others. We explain the rationale for our interpretations within the text of this report, and in addition, we provide a large body of supporting evidence. \r\n\r\nThe SBR seismic profile extended across the San Bernardino Basin approximately N30?E from the town of Colton to the town of Highland. The data were acquired at night when the signal-to-noise ratios were reasonably good, and for the larger shots, seismic energy propagated across the ~20-km-long array. Tomographic velocity data are available to depths of about 4 km, and low-fold reflection data are available to depths in excess of 5 km. The SBR seismic data reveal an asymmetric, fault-bound basin to about 5 km depth. \r\n\r\nThe SBHR seismic profile trended along the I-215 freeway from its intersection with the Santa Ana River to approximately State Road 30 in San Bernardino. Seismic data acquired along the I-215 freeway provide detailed images, with CDP spacing of approximately 2.5 m along an approximately 8.2-km-long profile; shot and geophone spacing was 5 m. For logistical reasons, the high-resolution (SBHR) seismic data were acquired during daylight hours on the shoulder of the I-215 freeway and within 5 to 10 m of high-traffic volumes, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios. The limited offset at which refracted first-arrivals could be measured along the SBHR seismic profile limited our measurements of tomographic refraction velocities to relatively shallow (< 150 m) depths. The SBHR reflection data reveal a basin with complex structural details within the upper kilometer. \r\n\r\nThe two seismic profiles show internal consistency and consistency with other existing geophysical data. Collectively, the data suggest that the I-215 freeway trends along the faulted edge of a pull-apart basin, within a zone where the principal slip of the San Jacinto Fault is transferred to the San Andreas Fault. Because the I-215 freeway trends at low angles to these flower-structure faults, both primary and numerous secondary faults are apparent between the I-10 exchange and State Road-30, suggesting that much of the 8-km-long segment of the I-215 freeway could experience movement along primary or secondary faults.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081197","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Rymer, M.J., Goldman, M.R., Gandhok, G., and Steedman, C., 2008, Structure of the San Bernardino Basin along two seismic transects: Rialto-Colton Fault to the San Andreas Fault and along the I-215 Freeway (I-10 to SR30) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1197, ii, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081197.","productDescription":"ii, 127 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-05-01","temporalEnd":"2003-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403282,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83744.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11428,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.3367,\n 34.0417\n ],\n [\n -117.1389,\n 34.0417\n ],\n [\n -117.1389,\n 34.125\n ],\n [\n -117.3367,\n 34.125\n ],\n [\n -117.3367,\n 34.0417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gandhok, G.","contributorId":47423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhok","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steedman, C. E.","contributorId":105810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steedman","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":82145,"text":"ofr20081194 - 2008 - Reserve Growth of Alberta Oil Pools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20081194","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1194","title":"Reserve Growth of Alberta Oil Pools","docAbstract":"This Open-File Report is based on a presentation delivered at the Fourth U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on Reserve Growth on March 10-11, 2008. It summarizes the results of a study of reserve growth of oil pools in Alberta Province, Canada. The study is part of a larger effort involving similar studies of fields in other important petroleum provinces around the world, with the overall objective of gaining a better understanding of reserve growth in fields with different geologic/reservoir parameters and different operating environments.\r\n\r\nThe goals of the study were to:\r\n1. Evaluate historical oil reserve data and assess reserve growth.\r\n2. Develop reserve growth models/functions to help forecast hydrocarbon volumes.\r\n3. Study reserve growth sensitivity to various parameters ? for example, pool size, porosity, oil gravity, and lithology.\r\n4. Compare reserve growth in oil pools/fields of Alberta provinces with those from other large petroleum provinces.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081194","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., and Cook, T., 2008, Reserve Growth of Alberta Oil Pools (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1194, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081194.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11427,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Mahendra K. mverma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Mahendra K.","email":"mverma@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Troy","contributorId":6418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":82143,"text":"ofr20081182 - 2008 - Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:18:56","indexId":"ofr20081182","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1182","title":"Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The locations of water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 2007 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the period October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2007 is called 'water year 2007.' \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical characteristics of Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected during non-frozen periods are included for all lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake?s watershed, period for which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published in another volume: 'Water Resources Data-Wisconsin, 2007.'","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with State of Wisconsin and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team: Rose, W.J., Garn, H., Goddard, G.L., Marsh, S., Olson, D., and Robertson, D.M., 2008, Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1182, vii, 204 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081182.","productDescription":"vii, 204 p.","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11425,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.83333333333333,42.5 ], [ -92.83333333333333,47 ], [ -86.83333333333333,47 ], [ -86.83333333333333,42.5 ], [ -92.83333333333333,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team: Rose, W. J.","contributorId":6550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team: Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garn, H.S.","contributorId":42601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goddard, G. L.","contributorId":10442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, S.B.","contributorId":105329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, D.L.","contributorId":34943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":82136,"text":"ofr20081142 - 2008 - Uranium-Lead Zircon Ages and Sr, Nd, and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Selected Plutonic Rocks from Western Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081142","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1142","title":"Uranium-Lead Zircon Ages and Sr, Nd, and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Selected Plutonic Rocks from Western Idaho","docAbstract":"Across the Salmon River suture in western Idaho, where allochthonous Permian to Cretaceous oceanic rocks are juxtaposed against Proterozoic North American rocks, a wide variety of plutonic rocks are exposed. Available data indicate much variation in composition, source, and structural state of these plutons. The plutonic rocks were long described as the western border zone of the Cretaceous Idaho batholith but limited pre-existing age data indicate more complicated origins. Because the affinity and age of the plutonic rocks cannot be reliably determined from field relations, TIMS U-Pb dating in conjunction with Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic studies of selected plutons across the suture in western Idaho were undertaken. The data indicate three general groups of plutons including (1) those that intruded the island arc terranes during the Triassic and Jurassic, those that intruded near the western edge of oceanic rocks along the suture in the Early Cretaceous, and the plutons of the Idaho batholith that intruded Proterozoic North American rocks in the Late Cretaceous. Plutons that intruded Proterozoic North American rocks commonly include xenocrystic zircons and in several cases, ages could not be determined. The least radiogenic Sr and most radiogenic Nd are found among the Blue Mountains superterrane island arc samples. Suture-zone plutons have isotopic characteristics that span the range between Idaho batholith and island arc samples but mostly follow island arc signatures. Plutons of the Idaho batholith have the most radiogenic initial Pb and Sr ratios and the least radiogenic Nd of the samples analyzed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081142","usgsCitation":"Unruh, D., Lund, K., Kuntz, M., and Snee, L., 2008, Uranium-Lead Zircon Ages and Sr, Nd, and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Selected Plutonic Rocks from Western Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1142, ii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081142.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11416,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,44.5 ], [ -117,47 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -114,44.5 ], [ -117,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unruh, Daniel M.","contributorId":96291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"Daniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":6446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":82132,"text":"ofr20081158 - 2008 - ShakeCast Manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"ofr20081158","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1158","title":"ShakeCast Manual","docAbstract":"ShakeCast is a freely available, post-earthquake situational awareness application that automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares intensity measures against users? facilities, and generates potential damage assessment notifications, facility damage maps, and other Web-based products for emergency managers and responders.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081158","usgsCitation":"Lin, K., and Wald, D.J., 2008, ShakeCast Manual (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1158, viii, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081158.","productDescription":"viii, 90 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a13a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan","contributorId":38656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":82130,"text":"ofr20081177 - 2008 - Yellow-billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado River and Its Tributaries, 2007 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081177","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1177","title":"Yellow-billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado River and Its Tributaries, 2007 Annual Report","docAbstract":"This 2007 annual report details the second season of a 2-year study documenting western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) distribution, abundance, and habitat use throughout the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program boundary area. We conducted cuckoo surveys at 40 sites within 14 areas, between 11 June and 9 September 2007. The 169 surveys across all sites yielded 163 yellow-billed cuckoo detections. Cuckoos were detected at 25 of the 40 sites, primarily at the Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) study area (n = 139 detections; 85 percent of all detections). Detections declined slightly through the cuckoo breeding season, with most detections occurring in the first and second survey periods (n = 92; 54 percent). We detected breeding activity only at the Bill Williams River NWR, where we confirmed 27 breeding events, including two nesting observations. However, the breeding status of most detected birds was unknown. \r\n\r\nWe used playback broadcast recordings to survey for yellow-billed cuckoos. Compared to simple point counts or surveys, this method increases the number of detections of this secretive, elusive species. It has long been suspected that cuckoos have a fairly low response rate, and that the standard survey method of using broadcast recordings might fail to detect all birds present in an area. In 2007, we found that the majority (84 percent) of cuckoo detections were solicited through broadcast at all study sites. The number of solicited detections was highest during the first survey period and declined as the breeding season progressed, while the number of unsolicited detections (cuckoos heard calling before broadcast was initiated) remained fairly constant through the first, second, and third survey periods. The majority (66 percent) of cuckoo detections, solicited or unsolicited, were aural, 23 percent were both heard and seen, and 11 percent were visual detections only. We also found that 50 percent of all responses by cuckoos were evenly split between the first and second broadcasts at sites with >10 detections, while 45 percent of responses occurred after a single broadcast at the sites with <10 detections. \r\n\r\nWe refined our collection of vegetation data in 2007 and found that across the entire study area the dominant tree species were tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), willow (Salix spp.), and cottonwood (Populus spp.). The smallest size class (<8 cm diameter at breast height) trees were the most common and were dominated by tamarisk, but cottonwood and willows were well represented in the larger size classes. Sites that were occupied by yellow-billed cuckoos generally had higher canopies, denser cover in the upper layers of the canopy, and sparse shrub layers compared to unoccupied sites that consistently had higher densities of woody species. As most occupied sites were within the Bill Williams River NWR and most unoccupied sites were at Grand Canyon National Park/Lake Mead National Recreation Area, vegetation characteristics at these study areas drove the cuckoo distribution patterns we observed in 2007. However, there was a range of habitat conditions in locations that were used by yellow-billed cuckoos across the entire lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program study area. \r\n\r\nWe measured microclimate variables (temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture) at occupied and unoccupied sites, and found that, across the entire study area, occupied sites were consistently cooler during the day and more humid during the day and night compared to unoccupied sites, but that soil moisture did not differ between occupied and unoccupied sites. While most cuckoo detections occurred at Bill Williams River NWR, with generally cooler and more humid conditions, cuckoos were also detected at study areas that had hotter and dryer microclimate conditions. We did not find any relationship of canopy cover characteristics to temperature or soil moisture, suggesting ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081177","collaboration":"Funded by Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., Durst, S., Calvo, C.M., Stewart, L., Sogge, M.K., Bland, G., and Arundel, T.R., 2008, Yellow-billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado River and Its Tributaries, 2007 Annual Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1177, vi, 274 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081177.","productDescription":"vi, 274 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-11","temporalEnd":"2007-09-09","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,32 ], [ -114.5,38 ], [ -113.5,38 ], [ -113.5,32 ], [ -114.5,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df8f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27989,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":295820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durst, Scott L.","contributorId":94746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvo, Christopher M.","contributorId":36643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Laura","contributorId":49887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bland, Geoffrey","contributorId":9735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arundel, Terry R. tarundel@usgs.gov","contributorId":5034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terry","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":82133,"text":"ofr20081178 - 2008 - Total selenium and selenium species in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2007 and January 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:45:19","indexId":"ofr20081178","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1178","title":"Total selenium and selenium species in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2007 and January 2008","docAbstract":"This report presents the results for two sampling periods (October 2007 and January 2008) during a 4-year monitoring program to characterize selenium concentrations in selected irrigation drains flowing into the Salton Sea, California. Total selenium, selenium species (selenite, selenate, organoselenium), and total suspended solids were determined in water samples, and total selenium was determined in sediment, detritus, and biota that included algae, plankton, midge larvae (family, Chironomidae), and two fish species?western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna). In addition, sediments were analyzed for percent total organic carbon and particle size. Mean total selenium concentrations in water for both sampling periods ranged from 0.97 to 64.5 micrograms per liter, predominately as selenate, which is typical of waters where selenium is leached out of selenium-containing marine shales and associated soils under alkaline and oxidizing conditions. Total selenium concentrations (micrograms per gram dry weight) ranged as follows: algae, 0.95 to 5.99; plankton, 0.15 to 19.3; midges, 1.39 to 15.4; fish, 3.71 to 25.1; detritus, 0.85 to 21.7; sediment, 0.32 to 7.28.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081178","usgsCitation":"May, T.W., Walther, M., Saiki, M.K., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2008, Total selenium and selenium species in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2007 and January 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1178, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081178.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334500,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1178/pdf/OFR2008-1178.pdf","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11412,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walther, Michael J. mwalther@usgs.gov","contributorId":2852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"Michael J.","email":"mwalther@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":82131,"text":"ofr20081134 - 2008 - Results of the chemical and isotopic analyses of sediment and ground water from alluvium of the Canadian River near a closed municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, part 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T20:08:14.930731","indexId":"ofr20081134","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1134","title":"Results of the chemical and isotopic analyses of sediment and ground water from alluvium of the Canadian River near a closed municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, part 2","docAbstract":"Analytical results on sediment and associated ground water from the Canadian River alluvium collected subsequent to those described in Breit and others (2005) are presented in this report. The data presented herein were collected primarily to evaluate the iron and sulfur species within the sediment at well sites IC 36, IC 54, and IC South located at the USGS Norman Landfill study site. Cored sediment and water samples were collected during October 2004 and April 2005. The 52 sediment samples collected by coring were analyzed to determine grain size, the abundance of extractable iron species, and the abundance of sulfur forms and their isotopic compositions. Ground water was collected from cluster wells that sampled ground water from 11 to 15 screened intervals at each of the three sites. The depth range of the wells overlapped the interval of cored sediment. Concentrations of major ions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium, and iron are reported with pH, specific conductance, and the isotopic composition of the water for the 75 water samples analyzed. Dissolved sulfate in selected water samples was analyzed to determine its sulfur and oxygen isotope composition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081134","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., Tuttle, M.L., Cozzarelli, I.M., Berry, C.J., Christenson, S.C., and Jaeschke, J.B., 2008, Results of the chemical and isotopic analyses of sediment and ground water from alluvium of the Canadian River near a closed municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, part 2 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1134, vii, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081134.","productDescription":"vii, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":588,"text":"Toxic Hydrology Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402170,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83717.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Cleveland County","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.50452041625977,\n 35.1924683950976\n ],\n [\n -97.4849510192871,\n 35.1924683950976\n ],\n [\n -97.4849510192871,\n 35.210422919327286\n ],\n [\n -97.50452041625977,\n 35.210422919327286\n ],\n [\n -97.50452041625977,\n 35.1924683950976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L.W. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":47839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, Cyrus J. cjberry@usgs.gov","contributorId":946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Cyrus","email":"cjberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeschke, Jeanne B. 0000-0002-6237-6164 jaeschke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-6164","contributorId":3876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeschke","given":"Jeanne","email":"jaeschke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":82127,"text":"ofr20081185 - 2008 - Klamath River Water Quality and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ofr20081185","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1185","title":"Klamath River Water Quality and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, 2007","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, Watercourse Engineering, and the Bureau of Reclamation began a project to construct and calibrate a water quality and hydrodynamic model of the 21-mile reach of the Klamath River from Link River Dam to Keno Dam. To provide a basis for this work, data collection and experimental work were planned for 2007 and 2008. This report documents sampling and analytical methods and presents data from the first year of work. To determine water velocities and discharge, a series of cross-sectional acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements were made on the mainstem and four canals on May 30 and September 19, 2007. Water quality was sampled weekly at five mainstem sites and five tributaries from early April through early November, 2007. Constituents reported here include field parameters (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, specific conductance); total nitrogen and phosphorus; particulate carbon and nitrogen; filtered orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrite plus nitrate, ammonia, organic carbon, iron, silica, and alkalinity; specific UV absorbance at 254 nm; phytoplankton and zooplankton enumeration and species identification; and bacterial abundance and morphological subgroups.\r\n\r\nThe ADCP measurements conducted in good weather conditions in May showed that four major canals accounted for most changes in discharge along the mainstem on that day. Direction of velocity at measured locations was fairly homogeneous across the channel, while velocities were generally lowest near the bottom, and highest near surface, ranging from 0.0 to 0.8 ft/s. Measurements in September, made in windy conditions, raised questions about the effect of wind on flow.\r\n\r\nMost nutrient and carbon concentrations were lowest in spring, increased and remained elevated in summer, and decreased in fall. Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate and nitrite had a different seasonal cycle and were below detection or at low concentration in summer. Many nutrient and carbon concentrations were similar at the top and bottom of the water column, though ammonia and particulate carbon showed more variability in summer. Averaged over the season, particulate carbon and particulate nitrogen decreased in the downstream direction, while ammonia and orthophosphate concentrations increased in the downstream direction.\r\n\r\nAt most sites, bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton populations reached their maximums in summer. Large bacterial cells made up most of the bacteria biovolume, though cocci were the most numerous bacteria type. The cocci were smaller than the filter pore sizes used to separate dissolved from particulate matter in this study. Phytoplankton biovolumes were dominated by the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae most of the sampling season, though a spring diatom bloom occurred. Phytoplankton biovolumes were generally highest at the upstream Link River and Railroad Bridge sites and decreased in the downstream direction. Zooplankton populations were dominated by copepods in early spring, and by cladocerans and rotifers in summer, with rotifers more common farther downstream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., Deas, M., Asbill, J., Kirshtein, J.D., Butler, K.D., Stewart, M.A., Wellman, R.W., and Vaughn, J., 2008, Klamath River Water Quality and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1185, viii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081185.","productDescription":"viii, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-05-30","temporalEnd":"2007-09-19","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11403,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,42 ], [ -122,42.333333333333336 ], [ -121.75,42.333333333333336 ], [ -121.75,42 ], [ -122,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":56317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett","email":"annett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":98830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asbill, Jessica","contributorId":79575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbill","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stewart, Marc A. 0000-0003-1140-6316 mastewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1140-6316","contributorId":2277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Marc","email":"mastewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wellman, Roy W.","contributorId":78834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vaughn, Jennifer","contributorId":33009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":82118,"text":"ofr20081173 - 2008 - Hydrologic modeling strategy for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:42:20","indexId":"ofr20081173","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1173","title":"Hydrologic modeling strategy for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Africa","docAbstract":"The government of Mauritania is interested in how to maintain hydrologic balance to ensure a long-term stable water supply for minerals-related, domestic, and other purposes. Because of the many complicating and competing natural and anthropogenic factors, hydrologists will perform quantitative analysis with specific objectives and relevant computer models in mind. Whereas various computer models are available for studying water-resource priorities, the success of these models to provide reliable predictions largely depends on adequacy of the model-calibration process. Predictive analysis helps us evaluate the accuracy and uncertainty associated with simulated dependent variables of our calibrated model. In this report, the hydrologic modeling process is reviewed and a strategy summarized for future Mauritanian hydrologic modeling studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the World Bank, the Mauritania Ministry of Mines and Industry, and Futures Group","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2008, Hydrologic modeling strategy for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Africa (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1173, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081173.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1173/pdf/OF08-1173_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"165.57 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":11392,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6142e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}