{"pageNumber":"1492","pageRowStart":"37275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":5221916,"text":"5221916 - 1984 - Reproduction by an altricial songbird, the red-winged blackbird, in fields treated with the organophosphate insecticide fenthion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:00:29.314462","indexId":"5221916","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction by an altricial songbird, the red-winged blackbird, in fields treated with the organophosphate insecticide fenthion","docAbstract":"<p>(1) Breeding red-winged blackbirds were used as a model to study the effects of a single application of an organophosphate insecticide, fenthion, on reproduction of altricial songbirds.</p><p>(2) The insecticide had no significant effect on frequency of nest abandonment, clutch size, hatching success, or fledgling success.</p><p>(3) Growth rates of young nestlings were lower in nests on one of two treated areas, but overall growth rates of survivors were not significantly different from controls in nests on nearby unsprayed areas.</p><p>(4) The insecticide had no measured effect on male spatial organization.</p><p>(5) Measures of abundance of the principal nestling food item, noctuid larvae, showed that one application of the insecticide significantly reduced the abundance of the food supply, but the reduction of food supply did not result in a decrease in nestling growth rates or fledgling success.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/2403038","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Powell, G., 1984, Reproduction by an altricial songbird, the red-winged blackbird, in fields treated with the organophosphate insecticide fenthion: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.2307/2403038.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Albany County","city":"Laramie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.7489013671875,\n              41.13729606112276\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.48660278320312,\n              41.13729606112276\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.48660278320312,\n              41.33454482366021\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7489013671875,\n              41.33454482366021\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7489013671875,\n              41.13729606112276\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cc08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, G.V.N.","contributorId":23894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"G.V.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222484,"text":"5222484 - 1984 - The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with Microtus pennsylvanicus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T17:38:26","indexId":"5222484","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with <i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i>","title":"The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with Microtus pennsylvanicus","docAbstract":"<p>The robust design of Pollock (1982) was used to estimate parameters of a Maryland <i>M. pennsylvanicus</i> population. Closed model tests provided strong evidence of heterogeneity of capture probability, and model M eta (Otis et al., 1978) was selected as the most appropriate model for estimating population size. The Jolly-Seber model goodness-of-fit test indicated rejection of the model for this data set, and the M eta estimates of population size were all higher than the Jolly-Seber estimates. Both of these results are consistent with the evidence of heterogeneous capture probabilities. The authors thus used M eta estimates of population size, Jolly-Seber estimates of survival rate, and estimates of birth-immigration based on a combination of the population size and survival rate estimates. Advantages of the robust design estimates for certain inference procedures are discussed, and the design is recommended for future small mammal capture-recapture studies directed at estimation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Polska Akademia Nauk","doi":"10.4098/AT.arch.84-34","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Pollock, K.H., and Hines, J., 1984, The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with Microtus pennsylvanicus: Acta Theriologica, v. 29, no. 30, p. 357-365, https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.84-34.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"365","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.84-34","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11103"}],"volume":"29","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221931,"text":"5221931 - 1984 - Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on avian community structure in the Oregon coast range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"5221931","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on avian community structure in the Oregon coast range","docAbstract":"A study was conducted on vegetative changes induced by the herbicide glyphosate, and the resultant habitat use of birds nesting on two clearcuts in western Oregon. About 23 percent of total plant cover was initially damaged by aerial application of glyphosate. Most measures of vegetation on the treated site decreased relative to the untreated site 1 year after glyphosate application. By 2 years post-spray, vegetation on the treated site had recovered to near pre-spray status. No difference in density of the bird community was evident between treated and untreated sites during all years of study although individual species densities were modified. Several bird species decreased their use of shrub cover, and increased their use of deciduous trees 1 year after treatment. By 2 years post-spray, many species had returned to pre-spray use of most measured habitat components. Results indicated that application of glyphosate can modify the density and habitat use of birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Morrison, M., and Meslow, E.C., 1984, Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on avian community structure in the Oregon coast range: Forest Science, v. 30, no. 1, p. 95-106.","productDescription":"95-106","startPage":"95","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18310,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://saf.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/1984/00000030/00000001/art00016","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, M.L.","contributorId":83624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meslow, E. Charles","contributorId":75100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meslow","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221913,"text":"5221913 - 1984 - The use of auxiliary variables in capture-recapture and removal experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:55:02.114418","indexId":"5221913","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of auxiliary variables in capture-recapture and removal experiments","docAbstract":"The dependence of animal capture probabilities on auxiliary variables is an important practical problem which has not been considered in the development of estimation procedures for capture-recapture and removal experiments.  In this paper the linear logistic binary regression model is used to relate the probability of capture to continuous auxiliary variables.  The auxiliary variables could be environmental quantities such as air or water temperature, or characteristics of individual animals, such as body length or weight.  Maximum likelihood estimators of the population parameters are considered for a variety of models which all assume a closed population.  Testing between models is also considered.  The models can also be used when one auxiliary variable is a measure of the effort expended in obtaining the sample.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2531386","usgsCitation":"Pollock, K.H., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 1984, The use of auxiliary variables in capture-recapture and removal experiments: Biometrics, v. 40, no. 2, p. 329-340, https://doi.org/10.2307/2531386.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221945,"text":"5221945 - 1984 - Avian models for toxicity testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:13:00.891075","indexId":"5221945","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2520,"text":"Journal of the American College of Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian models for toxicity testing","docAbstract":"<p><span>The use of birds as test models in experimental and environmental toxicology as related to health effects is reviewed, and an overview of descriptive tests routinely used in wildlife toxicology is provided. Toxicologic research on birds may be applicable to human health both directly by their use as models for mechanistic and descriptive studies and indirectly as monitors of environmental quality. Topics include the use of birds as models for study of teratogenesis and embryotoxicity, neurotoxicity, behavior, trends of environmental pollution, and for use in predictive wildlife toxicology. Uses of domestic and wild-captured birds are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.3109/10915818409104398","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., and Hoffman, D.J., 1984, Avian models for toxicity testing: Journal of the American College of Toxicology, v. 3, no. 6, p. 357-376, https://doi.org/10.3109/10915818409104398.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aefe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221972,"text":"5221972 - 1984 - A general methodology for maximum likelihood inference from band-recovery data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:59:29.433193","indexId":"5221972","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:19","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A general methodology for maximum likelihood inference from band-recovery data","docAbstract":"A numerical procedure is described for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates and associated maximum likelihood inference from band- recovery data.  The method is used to illustrate previously developed one-age-class band-recovery models, and is extended to new models, including the analysis with a covariate for survival rates and variable-time-period recovery models.  Extensions to R-age-class band- recovery, mark-recapture models, and twice-yearly marking are discussed.  A FORTRAN program provides computations for these models.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2530917","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., and Williams, B.K., 1984, A general methodology for maximum likelihood inference from band-recovery data: Biometrics, v. 40, no. 3, p. 739-748, https://doi.org/10.2307/2530917.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"748","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae73f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222870,"text":"5222870 - 1984 - Testing for variation in taxonomic extinction probabilities: A suggested methodology and some results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T16:31:57.200057","indexId":"5222870","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:19","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing for variation in taxonomic extinction probabilities: A suggested methodology and some results","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several important questions in evolutionary biology and paleobiology involve sources of variation in extinction rates. In all cases of which we are aware, extinction rates have been estimated from data in which the probability that an observation (e.g., a fossil taxon) will occur is related both to extinction rates and to what we term encounter probabilities. Any statistical method for analyzing fossil data should at a minimum permit separate inferences on these two components. We develop a method for estimating taxonomic extinction rates from stratigraphic range data and for testing hypotheses about variability in these rates. We use this method to estimate extinction rates and to test the hypothesis of constant extinction rates for several sets of stratigraphic range data. The results of our tests support the hypothesis that extinction rates varied over the geologic time periods examined. We also present a test that can be used to identify periods of high or low extinction probabilities and provide an example using Phanerozoic invertebrate data. Extinction rates should be analyzed using stochastic models, in which it is recognized that stratigraphic samples are random variates and that sampling is imperfect.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0094837300008307","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., and Nichols, J., 1984, Testing for variation in taxonomic extinction probabilities: A suggested methodology and some results: Paleobiology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 328-337, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300008307.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":77059,"text":"fwsobs82_10_73 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray partridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:12:21.326003","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_73","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.73","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray partridge","docAbstract":"This report is part of the Habitat Suitability Index model series which provides\r\nhabitat information useful for impact assessment and habitat management. The\r\nHabitat Use Information section is largely constrained to those data that can be\r\nused to derive quantitative relationships between key environmental variables\r\nand habitat suitability. The habitat use information provides the foundation for\r\nthe HSI model that follows. In addition, this same information may be useful in\r\nthe development of other models more appropriate to specific assessment or\r\nevaluation needs for the gray partridge (Perdix perdix).\r\n\r\nThe HSI model section documents a habitat model and information pertinent to its\r\napplication. The model synthesizes the habitat use information into a framework\r\nappropriate for field application and is scaled to produce an index value\r\nbetween 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimum habitat).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray partridge: FWS/OBS 82/10.73, vi, 23 p.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6498ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013138,"text":"70013138 - 1984 - Evaluation of the efficiency of streamflow data collection strategies for alluvial rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T15:32:03.110121","indexId":"70013138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the efficiency of streamflow data collection strategies for alluvial rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Streamflow discharge is usually determined indirectly from measurements of the river stage at gaging stations and through the use of stage-discharge relationships (rating curves). However, in alluvial streams, stage-discharge relationships change continually and, sometimes, quite markedly. Such changes may be caused by major floods, seasonal variations, or long-term secular trends associated with changes in the river channel. Consequently, reliable estimates of discharge using rating curves are not possible unless frequent direct measurements of discharge are made. Such measurements involve appreciable costs, and it is important to evaluate their contribution in increasing the accuracy of estimation of quantities of interest such as mean daily, monthly or annual flow. A methodology for the evaluation of the efficiency of data-collection strategies for alluvial rivers is developed and applied to stations on the Missouri River, U.S.A. A flexible and expedient model describing the variability of discharges and shifts in the stage-discharge relationship is developed. Procedures for the estimation of parameters and the validation of the model using actual data are presented. The calibrated and validated model is then employed in simulations to evaluate the effect of sampling strategies (such as frequency and accuracy of discharge measurements) on the accuracy of estimated mean daily, monthly and annual flow. Curves relating the cost of sampling to the achieved accuracy can be generated, and the optimization of sampling strategies given accuracy or budget objectives or constraints can be achieved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90186-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kitanidis, P., Lara, O.G., and Lane, R., 1984, Evaluation of the efficiency of streamflow data collection strategies for alluvial rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 72, no. 1-2, p. 85-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90186-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ce2e4b0c8380cd52d2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kitanidis, P.K.","contributorId":63274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitanidis","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lara, O. G.","contributorId":31001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lara","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, R.W.","contributorId":86228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014066,"text":"70014066 - 1984 - Distribution and ecology of deep-water benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T15:08:16.465443","indexId":"70014066","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and ecology of deep-water benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bathyal and abyssal foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico are distributed among thirteen generic predominance facies. Five predominance facies nearly encircle the Gulf basin along the slope and rise; a sixth predominance facies blankets the Sigsbee Plain, and a seventh is restricted to the Mississippi Fan. The remaining eight predominance facies have more restricted distributions. The areal patterns of these predominance facies can be related chiefly to water mass and substrate characteristics; modifications are brought about by calcite dissolution, upwelling, and sill depth. Analysis of ancient generic predominance facies is useful in predicting relative paleobathymetry and other paleoenvironmental properties.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(84)90090-7","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., 1984, Distribution and ecology of deep-water benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 25-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(84)90090-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.13858134169811,\n              29.197248880700073\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.13858134169811,\n              21.67225015871294\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.08875993352926,\n              21.67225015871294\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.08875993352926,\n              29.197248880700073\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.13858134169811,\n              29.197248880700073\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a028ae4b0c8380cd500bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013270,"text":"70013270 - 1984 - Unzipping of the volcano arc, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T13:19:05.525932","indexId":"70013270","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unzipping of the volcano arc, Japan","docAbstract":"<div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">A working hypothesis for the recent evolution of the southern Volcano Arc, Japan, is presented which calls upon a northward-progressing sundering of the arc in response to a northward-propagating back-arc basin extensional regime. This model appears to explain several localized and recent changes in the tectonic and magrnatic evolution of the Volcano Arc. Most important among these changes is the unusual composition of Iwo Jima volcanic rocks. This contrasts with normal arc tholeiites typical of the rest of the Izu-Volcano-Mariana and other primitive arcs in having alkaline tendencies, high concentrations of light REE and other incompatible elements, and relatively high silica contents. In spite of such fractionated characteristics, these lavas appear to be very early manifestations of a new volcanic and tectonic cycle in the southern Volcano Arc. These alkaline characteristics and indications of strong regional uplift are consistent with the recent development of an early stage of inter-arc basin rifting in the southern Volcano Arc.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">New bathymetric data are presented in support of this model which indicate:<ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">1. (1) </span>structural elements of the Mariana Trough extend north to the southern Volcano Arc.</li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2. (2) </span>both the Mariana Trough and frontal arc shoal rapidly northwards as the Volcano Arc is approached.</li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">3. (3) </span>rugged bathymetry associated with the rifted Mariana Trough is replaced just south of Iwo Jima by the development of a huge dome (50–75 km diameter) centered around Iwo Jima. Such uplifted domes are the immediate precursors of rifts in other environments, and it appears that a similar situation may now exist in the southern Volcano Arc.</li></ul></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The present distribution of unrifted Volcano Arc to the north and rifted Mariana Arc to the south is interpreted not as a stable tectonic configuration but as representing a tectonic “snapshot” of an arc in the process of being rifted to form a back-arc basin.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(84)90012-X","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Stern, R.J., Smoot, N.C., and Rubin, M., 1984, Unzipping of the volcano arc, Japan: Tectonophysics, v. 102, no. 1-4, p. 153-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90012-X.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              141.05378887856648,\n              45.99119377997198\n            ],\n            [\n              138.87881300800817,\n              42.76240361420229\n            ],\n            [\n              138.46187782493524,\n              38.795079496052594\n            ],\n            [\n              131.7792147896455,\n              35.75113762652983\n            ],\n            [\n              128.23943351263787,\n              32.78029353589463\n            ],\n            [\n              129.36478812505305,\n              30.616790006554524\n            ],\n            [\n              141.1030822507787,\n              33.24501689658564\n            ],\n            [\n              143.3813057330311,\n              41.098586091306174\n            ],\n            [\n              146.51973120457893,\n              43.942841141119516\n            ],\n            [\n              141.05378887856648,\n              45.99119377997198\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd0be4b08c986b328ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, R. J.","contributorId":8616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, N. C.","contributorId":54731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"N.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013941,"text":"70013941 - 1984 - Oligocene tectonics and sedimentation, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:16:41.755151","indexId":"70013941","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oligocene tectonics and sedimentation, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the Oligocene epoch, California was marked by extensive nonmarine sedimentation, in contrast to its pre-Oligocene and post-Oligocene depositional history. The Oligocene continental deposits are especially widespread in southern California and fill a number of small and generally partly restricted basins. Fluvial facies in many basins prograded over previously deposited lower Tertiary turbidites. Volcanism, from widespread centers, was associated with the nonmarine sedimentation. However, some basins remained marine and a few contain Oligocene turbidites and pelagic sediments deposited at bathyal depths.</span></p><p><span>The Oligocene redbeds of California do not form a post-orogenic molasse sequence comparable to the Old Red Sandstone or Alpine molasse. They are synorogenic and record local uplift of basins and surrounding source areas. Late Cretaceous to contemporary orogenesis in California has been generally characterized by the formation of small restricted basins of variable depth adjacent to small upland areas in response to strike-slip faulting.</span></p><p><span>Deposition of Oligocene redbeds was associated with climatic change from warm and humid to cold and semiarid, and a global lowering of sea level. Oligocene tectonism occurred during the transition from subduction of the Farallon Plate to initiation of the modern San Andreas transform system. However, the major influence that caused uplift, formation of fault-bounded basins, and extensive redbed deposition, especially in southern California, was the approach of the Pacific—Farallon spreading ridge to the western margin of California.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(84)90084-8","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T., 1984, Oligocene tectonics and sedimentation, California: Sedimentary Geology, v. 38, no. 1-4, p. 305-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(84)90084-8.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"336","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.78292543050603,\n              41.97057915664769\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.4131945565704,\n              38.993561336650515\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31765799179524,\n              35.729185699233476\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.14818260143954,\n              33.85477140683112\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.37479892783924,\n              32.536771595067066\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.44263074812577,\n              32.54217267400776\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.22583932906319,\n              34.60378613476084\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91574659111643,\n              39.32948005445555\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90047967604241,\n              42.01525201756317\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78292543050603,\n              41.97057915664769\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d67e4b0c8380cd75100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Tor H.","contributorId":100016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Tor H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014047,"text":"70014047 - 1984 - A review of crust and upper mantle structure studies of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system: A major lithospheric anomaly in the western U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T16:52:03.221469","indexId":"70014047","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of crust and upper mantle structure studies of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system: A major lithospheric anomaly in the western U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>The Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system is one of the largest, basaltic, volcanic field in the world. Here, there is clear evidence for northeasterly progression of rhyolitic volcanism with its present position in Yellowstone. Many theories have been advanced for the origin of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone system. Yellowstone and Eastern Snake River Plain have been studied intensively using various geophysical techniques. Some sparse geophysical data are available for the Western Snake River Plain as well. Teleseismic data show the presence of a large anomalous body with low P- and S-wave velocities in the crust and upper mantle under the Yellowstone caldera. A similar body in which compressional wave velocity is lower than in the surrounding rock is present under the Eastern Snake River Plain. No data on upper mantle anomalies are available for the Western Snake River Plain. Detailed seismic refraction data for the Eastern Snake River Plain show strong lateral heterogeneities and suggest thinning of the granitic crust from below by mafic intrusion. Available data for the Western Snake River Plain also show similar thinning of the upper crust and its replacement by mafic material. The seismic refraction results in Yellowstone show no evidence of the low-velocity anomalies in the lower crust suggested by teleseismic P-delay data and interpreted as due to extensive partial melting. However, the seismic refraction models indicate lower-than-normal velocities and strong lateral inhomogeneities in the upper crust. Particularly obvious in the refraction data are two regions of very low seismic velocities near the Mallard Eake and Sour Creek resurgent domes in the Yellowstone caldera. The low-velocity body near the Sour Creek resurgent dome is interpreted as partially molten rock. Together with other geophysical and thermal data, the seismic results indicate that a sub-lithospheric thermal anomaly is responsible for the time-progressive volcanism along the Eastern Snake River Plain. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the volcanism and details of magma storage and migration are not yet fully understood.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(84)90209-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Iyer, H.M., 1984, A review of crust and upper mantle structure studies of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system: A major lithospheric anomaly in the western U.S.A.: Tectonophysics, v. 105, no. 1-4, p. 291-308, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90209-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"308","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.75522630969246,\n              48.99647522967908\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34357181116266,\n              40.94856106036778\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51316857399542,\n              40.82964955876772\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.84272791453125,\n              41.89549551259576\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.64848818410448,\n              41.3864499907779\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.86318033209798,\n              41.953660184765866\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.16687892122758,\n              43.55396021584184\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.88285627702768,\n              48.99647522967908\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75522630969246,\n              48.99647522967908\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e54fe4b0c8380cd46c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013892,"text":"70013892 - 1984 - Crustal structure of the Appalachian Highlands in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-27T15:53:18.625814","indexId":"70013892","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the Appalachian Highlands in Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Crustal structure of the southern Appalachians and adjacent Interior Low Plateaus in Tennessee is derived from seismic-refraction measurements observed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1965 along reversed lines, normal (NW-SE) and parallel (NE-SW) to the structure of the Appalachian Highlands' major geologic divisions. Its easternmost part is located approximately 80 km southwest of the westernmost part of the COCORP seismic-reflection traverse within the Blue Ridge province. The velocity-depth models derived for both observational directions consist of three crustal layers with surprisingly high velocities, being about 6.1-6.2 km/s in the upper crust down to 7-10 km depth, 6.7-6.8 km/s for the middle crust between about 17 and 34 km and varying from 7.1 to 7.4 km/s for the lower crust at about 40-47 km depth. The boundaries between the three crustal layers as well as the crust-mantle boundary are transition zones of up to 11 km thickness. Similar to old orogens in other parts of the earth, the main result is a thick crust, at places in excess of 50 km, with high average velocity and a broad crust-mantle transition zone.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(84)90170-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Prodehl, C., Schlittenhardt, J., and Stewart, S., 1984, Crustal structure of the Appalachian Highlands in Tennessee: Tectonophysics, v. 109, no. 1-2, p. 61-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90170-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.5710918770125,\n              36.48942173779831\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.31145359952295,\n              34.978847126844116\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.83869592546016,\n              35.001180610300125\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.32955924931457,\n              35.03143158917508\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.24187257764022,\n              35.60255042817792\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6504228297176,\n              36.337544081213366\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.67445326401526,\n              36.60071959757968\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.17804473973936,\n              36.63028858771913\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.19788810140045,\n              36.54062638542621\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.5710918770125,\n              36.48942173779831\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcede4b0c8380cd4e508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlittenhardt, J.","contributorId":83678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlittenhardt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, S.W.","contributorId":34550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013618,"text":"70013618 - 1984 - Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 2. Mathematical modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:00:11.629528","indexId":"70013618","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 2. Mathematical modeling","docAbstract":"<p>Three models describing solute transport of conservative ion species and another describing transport of species which adsorb linearly and reversibly on bed sediments are developed and tested. The conservative models are based on three different conceptual models of the transient storage of solute in the bed. One model assumes the bed to be a well-mixed zone with flux of solute into the bed proportional to the difference between stream concentration and bed concentration. The second model assumes solute in the bed is transported by a vertical diffusion process described by Fick's law. The third model assumes that convection occurs in a selected portion of the bed while the mechanism of the first model functions everywhere. The model for adsorbing species assumes that the bed consists of particles of uniform size with the rate of uptake controlled by an intraparticle diffusion process. </p><p>All models are tested using data collected before, during and after a 24-hr. pulse injection of chloride, strontium, potassium and lead ions into Uvas Creek near Morgan Hill, California, U.S.A. All three conservative models accurately predict chloride ion concentrations in the stream. The model employing the diffusion mechanism for bed transport predicts better than the others. </p><p>The adsorption model predicts both strontium and potassium ion concentrations well during the injection of the pulse but somewhat overestimates the observed concentrations after the injection ceases. The overestimation may be due to the convection of solute deep into the bed where it is retained longer than the 3-week post-injection observation period. The model, when calibrated for strontium, predicts potassium equally well when the adsorption equilibrium constant for strontium is replaced by that for potassium.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90047-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Jackman, A.P., Walters, R.A., and Kennedy, V.C., 1984, Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 2. Mathematical modeling: Journal of Hydrology, v. 75, no. 1-4, p. 111-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90047-7.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"141","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":227,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Santa 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A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013401,"text":"70013401 - 1984 - Use of a digital model to evaluate hydrogeologic controls on groundwater flow in a fractured rock aquifer at Niagara Falls, New York, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T15:51:34.651381","indexId":"70013401","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a digital model to evaluate hydrogeologic controls on groundwater flow in a fractured rock aquifer at Niagara Falls, New York, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>The Hyde Park landfill is a 15-acre (6.1 ha) chemical waste disposal site located north of Niagara Falls, New York. Underlying the site in descending order are: (1) low-permeability glacial till and lacustrine deposits; (2) a moderately permeable fractured rock aquifer - the Lockport Dolomite; and (3) a low-permeability unit - the Rochester Shale. The site is bounded on three sides by groundwater drains; the Niagara River gorge, the Niagara Power Project canal, and the Niagara Power Project buried conduits. </p><p>The mechanism by which groundwater moves through fractured rocks underlying a hazardous waste site was investigated using a digital simulation approach. Three hypotheses were tested related to flow in the fractured rocks underlying Hyde Park landfill. For this purpose we used a Galerkin finite-element approximation to solve a saturated-unsaturated flow equation. </p><p><span>A primary focus was to investigate anisotropy in the Lockport Dolomite, that is the effectiveness of horizontal (bedding) joints vs. vertical joints as water-transmitting openings. Three hydrogeologic scenarios were set up — each with prescribed limits on the hydrologic parameters. Scenario&nbsp;</span><i>1</i><span>&nbsp;specified strongly anisotropic conditions in the Lockport Dolomite (horizontal hydraulic conductivity along bedding joints exceeds vertical conductivity by 2–3 orders of magnitude), uniform areal recharge (5 in. yr.</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;or 12.7 cm yr.</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) except at the landfill where there is no recharge, and no flow through the base of the Rochester Shale. Scenario&nbsp;</span><i>2</i><span>&nbsp;also specified strongly anisotropic conditions in the Lockport; however, areal recharge was 6 in. yr.</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(15.2 cm yr.</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) except at the landfill where the recharge was 2 in. yr.</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(5.1 cm yr.</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), and outflow from the Rochester occurred. Scenario&nbsp;</span><i>3</i><span>&nbsp;specified isotropic conditions (that is, permeability along horizontal and vertical joints is the same in the Lockport Dolomite), recharge rates were the same as in scenario&nbsp;</span><i>2</i><span>&nbsp;and outflow through Rochester occurred.</span></p><p>Scenario 2 provided the closest agreement between the simulated and measured heads while scenario 3 provided the poorest agreement. Among the three scenarios tested, scenario 2 (with strongly anisotropic conditions in the Lockport Dolomite with added recharge through the landfill cap and limited flow through the Rocherster Shale) is considered the most realistic hydrogeologic model. </p><p>Based on simulation with the hydrogeologic parameters of scenario 2, groundwater flow near the Hyde Park site can be summarized as follows: </p><p>1. (1) <span>Specific discharge (Darcy velocity) ranges from ≈0.01 to 0.1 ft. day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.003 to 0.03 m day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) in the upper unit of the Lockport Dolomite to slightly more than 0.0001 ft. day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.00003 m day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) in the Rochester Shale. Real velocities are highest in the upper unit of the Lockport, ranging from ≈1 to 5 ft. day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.3 to 1.5 m day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) if the average effective porosity is assumed to be 0.02.</span></p><p>2. (2) A groundwater divide exists east of the landfill, indicating that all groundwater originating near or flowing beneath the landfill will flow toward and discharge in the gorge. </p><p>3. (3) Highest flow velocities (and presumably greatest potential for transporting chemical contaminants) occur in the upper unit of the Lockport and part of the lower unit of the Lockport Dolomite between the landfill and the gorge. The average time required for groundwater to move from the landfill to the discharge points at the gorge along selected flow paths in the Lockport Dolomite is estimated to be 5-6 yr.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90049-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Maslia, M., and Johnston, R., 1984, Use of a digital model to evaluate hydrogeologic controls on groundwater flow in a fractured rock aquifer at Niagara Falls, New York, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 75, no. 1-4, p. 167-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90049-0.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Niagara Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.07144327825095,\n              43.09286795115449\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.07144327825095,\n              43.07801889165893\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.05037086913583,\n              43.07801889165893\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.05037086913583,\n              43.09286795115449\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.07144327825095,\n              43.09286795115449\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe8fe4b08c986b329661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maslia, M.L.","contributorId":24090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslia","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, R.H.","contributorId":19536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013436,"text":"70013436 - 1984 - Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 1. Conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:08:38.668793","indexId":"70013436","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 1. Conceptual model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stream sediments adsorb certain solutes from streams, thereby significantly changing the solute composition; but little is known about the details and rates of these adsorptive processes. To investigate such processes, a 24-hr. injection of a solution containing chloride, strontium, potassium, sodium and lead was made at the head of a 640-m reach of Uvas Creek in west-central Santa Clara County, California. Uvas Creek is a cobble-bed pool-and-riffle stream draining the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains. By September 12, 1973, after a long dry season, Uvas Creek had a low (0.0215 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;average) flow which varied diurnally, from 0.018 to 0.025 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Because stream discharge varied while the injection rate was constant, the concentration of tracers (injected solutes), after mixing in the stream, varied inversely with discharge.</span></p><p><span>Chloride, a nonreactive solute, served as a tracer of water movement. Analysis of extensive chloride concentration data at five sites below the injection point during and after the injection demonstrated that there was considerable underflow of water through the stream gravels; however, the extent of underflow varied greatly within the study reach. Pre-injection water, displaced by tracer-laden water percolating through the gravels, diluted tracers in the stream channel, giving the mistaken impression of groundwater inflow at some points. Accurate measurement of total discharge in such streams requires prolonged tracer injection unless a reach can be found where underflow is negligible.</span></p><p><span>Strontium and potassium were adsorbed by the bed sediments to a moderate extent and lead was strongly adsorbed. A high proportion of these metals could be removed by adsorption from percolating underflow because of extensive and intimate contact with bed sediments. After channel clearing following injection cutoff, 51% of the added strontium and 96% of the lead remained in the study reach, whereas only 19% of the chloride remained. Packets of sized sediment, placed in the stream before the experiment and withdrawn during and after the injection, indicated that the strontium absorbed on the 0.42–0.50-mm size sediment appeared to achieve near equilibrium with dissolved strontium within less than 2 hr. whereas 3.4–4.0-mm grains had not reached that stage after 24 hr.</span></p><p><span>The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the sediments shows a “bimodal” distribution with grain size. Largest values are in the finest sizes, lower values in the fine-to-medium sand-size range, intermediate values in the coarse- to very coarse-grained sand, and decreasing values with size above very coarse-grained sand. This considerable exchange capacity in coarse-sand to granule-size particles means that a streambed, that has not been infilled with fines to reduce permeability, can be highly reactive and accessible throughout a rather thick sediment layer and hence have a large and available reactive capacity.</span></p><p><span>As stream discharge increases from low flow, the ratio of underflow to channel flow should decrease rapidly with resultant diminution in percent of solutes sorbed within a particular stream reach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90046-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, V.C., Jackman, A.P., Zand, S., Zellweger, G.W., and Avanzino, R., 1984, Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 1. 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,{"id":70013271,"text":"70013271 - 1984 - Groundwater-flow parameter estimation and quality modeling of the Equus Beds aquifer in Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-14T16:53:54.718216","indexId":"70013271","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater-flow parameter estimation and quality modeling of the Equus Beds aquifer in Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>The salinity problems created in the Burrton area as a result of poor oil-field brine disposal practices of the past continue to be a major concern to the area depending on the Equus Beds aquifer for water, including the City of Wichita, Kansas. In this paper, an attempt is made to predict where and how fast the brine plume will move in this area, and what the average chloride concentrations in different parts of the aquifer are. In order to make such predictions, it was necessary to get a calibrated model of the groundwater-flow velocity field. Multiple regression analysis is used for parameter estimation of the steady-state groundwater-flow equation applied in the most critical area of the Equus Beds aquifer. Results of such an analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.992 between calculated and observed values of hydraulic head. A chloride transport modeling effort is then carried out despite some serious data deficiencies, the significance of which are evaluated through sensitivity analysis. Thus, starting with the quasi steady-state conditions of the early 1940's, it was possible to match the present chloride distribution satisfactorily. Chloride concentration predictions made for the year 2000 indicate that the quality of the Wichita well-field waters will not generally deteriorate from their present condition by that time.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90164-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., 1984, Groundwater-flow parameter estimation and quality modeling of the Equus Beds aquifer in Kansas, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 69, no. 1-4, p. 197-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90164-1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"222","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.75234872951685,\n              38.17839167762153\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.75234872951685,\n              37.4855633758371\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79405394886194,\n              37.4855633758371\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79405394886194,\n              38.17839167762153\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.75234872951685,\n              38.17839167762153\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dcde4b0c8380cd5c02c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.A.","contributorId":18032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013221,"text":"70013221 - 1984 - Experimental studies in natural groundwater recharge dynamics: Assessment of recent advances in instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-14T17:00:46.569772","indexId":"70013221","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental studies in natural groundwater recharge dynamics: Assessment of recent advances in instrumentation","docAbstract":"<p>To quantify and model the natural groundwater-recharge process, two sites in south-central Kansas, U.S.A., were instrumented with various modern sensors and data microloggers. The atmospheric-boundary layer and the unsaturated and saturated soil zones were monitored as a unified regime. Data from the various sensors were collected using microloggers in combination with magnetic-cassette tape, graphical and digital recorders, analog paper-tape recorders, and direct observations to evaluate and automate data collection and processing. </p><p>Atmospheric sensors included an anemometer, a tipping-bucket raingage, an air-temperature thermistor, a relative-humidity probe, a net radiometer, and a barometric-pressure transducer. Sensors in the unsaturated zone consisted of soil-temperature thermocouples, tensiometers coupled with pressure transducers and dial gages, gypsum blocks, and a neutron moisture probe operated by an observer. The saturated-zone sensors consisted of a water-level pressure transducer, a conventional float gage connected to a variable potentiometer, soil thermocouples, and a number of multiple-depth piezometers. </p><p>Evaluation of the operation of these sensors and recorders indicated that certain types of equipment such as pressure transducers are very sensitive to environmental conditions. Extraordinary steps had to be taken to protect some of the equipment, whereas other equipment seemed to be reliable under all conditions. Based on such experiences, a number of suggestions aimed at improving such investigations are outlined.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90133-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., and Perry, C.A., 1984, Experimental studies in natural groundwater recharge dynamics: Assessment of recent advances in instrumentation: Journal of Hydrology, v. 70, no. 1-4, p. 369-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90133-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.1748871630371,\n              38.507940104645996\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1748871630371,\n              37.64917420455242\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.68600447634276,\n              37.64917420455242\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.68600447634276,\n              38.507940104645996\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1748871630371,\n              38.507940104645996\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ddfe4b0c8380cd53226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59341,"text":"mf1568B - 1984 - Aeromagnetic map of the Fossil Springs Roadless Area, Yavapai, Gila, and Coconino counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:25:00","indexId":"mf1568B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1568","chapter":"B","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Fossil Springs Roadless Area, Yavapai, Gila, and Coconino counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The aeromagnetic map of the Fossil Springs Roadless Area was compiled from data collected in 1980 by Airmag Surveys, Inc., for the U.S. Geological Survey. Total magnetic intensity measurements were made along east-west flight lines about 0.5 mi apart and flown at an average altitude of 1,000 ft above the ground surface. A regional magnetic field (the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, 1975, updated to months flown) was removed from the data and a constant of 50,800 gammas was added to the adjusted total field intensity values.</p>\n<p>The roadless area includes the upper part of Fossil Creek and its northeastern tributaries in Sandrock Canyon and Calf Pen Canyon. The extremely rugged canyon of Fossil Creek is in several places more than 1,500 ft deep. Elevation of the canyon floor ranges from 4,600 ft near the mouth of Calf Pen Canyon to 3,500 ft at the southwest end of the area. Peaks and ridges on the uplands bordering the canyons range in elevation from 5,300 ft west of Fossil Springs to 6,900 ft in the northeastern part of the area. Maximum topographic relief along these uplands is less than 200 ft.</p>\n<p>The Fossil Springs Roadless Area is underlain by more than 3,000 ft of Paleozoic rocks consisting mostly of sandstone, shale, dolomite, and limestone. West of Fossil Springs and along most of the border of the area, these rocks are generally overlain by late Tertiary volcanic rocks, mainly basaltic lavas and pyroclastic deposits. Quaternary alluvial, colluvial, landslide, and travertine deposits overlie large parts of the country rock in the canyons. In the southwestern part of the area, the volcanic rocks are more than 2,000 ft thick. Along the northwest and northeast margins, these rocks are 300-400 ft thick.</p>\n<p>The prevailing dip of the Paleozoic strata is low to the north or northeast. The dominant homoclinal structure is interrupted by several fault blocks, in which the strata dip westward or southward. All the faults are high-angle normal faults and have displacements commonly ranging from about 50 to 400 ft. Although fault relations are obscure within the volcanic sequence, many faults seem to displace the volcanic rocks less than the underlying Paleozoic rocks. The volcanic rocks, which rest unconformably on the Paleozoic strata, are flat lying in the northern part of the map area, but west of Fossil Springs they dip gently southwestward. The ancestral Mogollon Rim, a north-northwest-trending escarpment of Paleozoic rocks now concealed by Tertiary volcanic rocks lies near Fossil Springs (Twenter, 1962).</p>\n<p>The magnetic anomalies and patterns on the aeromagnetic map reflect variations of magnetization in the underlying rocks. Basaltic rocks contain moderate amounts of magnetic minerals, mainly magnetite, and possess strong intensities of magnetization. The more silicic volcanic rocks have much lower magnetization intensities. Sedimentary rocks contain little or no magnetite and are virtually nonmagnetic.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1568B","usgsCitation":"Davis, W.E., and Weir, G.W., 1984, Aeromagnetic map of the Fossil Springs Roadless Area, Yavapai, Gila, and Coconino counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1568, Plate: 43.52 x 29.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1568B.","productDescription":"Plate: 43.52 x 29.85 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1568B.JPG"},{"id":327211,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1568-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Gila County, Yavapai County","otherGeospatial":"Fossil Springs Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.66666666666667,34.3675 ], [ -111.66666666666667,34.5 ], [ -111.45083333333334,34.5 ], [ -111.45083333333334,34.3675 ], [ -111.66666666666667,34.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, W. E.","contributorId":100844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weir, G. W.","contributorId":107290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"G.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":60646,"text":"mf1183Q - 1984 - Preliminary map showing limonitic areas in the Silver City 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arizona and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:02:37","indexId":"mf1183Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1183","chapter":"Q","title":"Preliminary map showing limonitic areas in the Silver City 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arizona and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>This map is a part of a folio of maps of the Silver City 1<sup>o</sup> x 2<sup>o</sup> quadrangle, Arizona and New Mexico, prepared under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program. As a part of this study Landstat images were used to map the anomalous areas of limonitic materials as a guide to hydrothermal alteration which, in turn, acts as a guide to mineralized systems. The term limonite, defined by Blanchard (1968) as a general term for undifferentiated ferric oxide percipitates, is here modified to include any mineral with the typical spectral reflectance properties of the ferric oxide minerals such as hematite and goethite, as defined by Hunt (1980). The nap shows anomalous areas of limonitic miaterials that might be associated with mineralization.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1183Q","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 1984, Preliminary map showing limonitic areas in the Silver City 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arizona and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1183, 37.98 x 22.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1183Q.","productDescription":"37.98 x 22.65 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1183Q.PNG"},{"id":327428,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1183-Q/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","city":"Silver City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,32 ], [ -110,33 ], [ -108,33 ], [ -108,32 ], [ -110,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80289,"text":"fwsobs82_10_124 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Brown trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:12:43.968294","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.124","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Brown trout","docAbstract":"The Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models presented in this publication aid in identifying important habitat variables for brown trout (Salmo trutto Linneas). Facts, ideas, and concepts obtained from the research literature and expert reviews are synthesized and presented in a format that can be used for impact assessment.\r\n\r\nA brief discussion of the appropriateness of using selected Suitability Index (SI) curves from HSI models as a component of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) is provided. Additional SI curves, developed specifically for analysis of brown trout habitat with IFIM, also are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Raleigh, R.F., Zuckerman, L.D., and Nelson, P.C., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Brown trout (Revised Sept. 1986): FWS/OBS 82/10.124, viii, 65 p.","productDescription":"viii, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revised Sept. 1986","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raleigh, Robert F.","contributorId":49841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zuckerman, Laurence D.","contributorId":56751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuckerman","given":"Laurence","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Patrick C.","contributorId":68799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":56655,"text":"fwsobs82_10_83 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Brewer's sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:13:36.793372","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_83","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.83","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Brewer's sparrow","docAbstract":"This document is part of the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model series, which provides habitat information useful for impact assessment and habitat management for the Brewer's sparrow (Spizella breweri). Several types of habitat information are provided. A Habitat Use Information Section can be used to drive quantitative relationships between key environmental variables and habitat suitability.\r\n\r\nThe HSI Model Section documents a habitat model and information pertinent to its application. The model synthesizes the habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application and is scaled to produce an index value between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Short, H.L., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Brewer's sparrow: FWS/OBS 82/10.83, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, Henry L.","contributorId":58695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56653,"text":"fwsobs82_10_77 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Hard clam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:14:04.382011","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_77","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.77","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Hard clam","docAbstract":"<p>Two species of hard clams occur along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of North America: the southern hard clam, Mercenaria campechiensis Gmelin 1791, and the northern hard clam, ~lercenaria mercenaria Linne 1758 (Wells 1957b). The latter species, also commonly kno\\'m as the quahog, was formerly named Venus mercenaria. The two species are closely related, produce viable hybrids (Menzel and Menzel 1965), and may be a single species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, R., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Hard clam: FWS/OBS 82/10.77, vi, 21 p.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, Rosemarie","contributorId":8535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulholland","given":"Rosemarie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56652,"text":"fwsobs82_10_64 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: White sucker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:14:30.028474","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_64","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.64","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: White sucker","docAbstract":"<p>The white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) is a highly adaptable, freshwater fish species found in lacustrine and riverine environments from the Mackenzie River, Hudson Bay drainage, and the Labrador Peninsula; south along the Atlantic Coast to western Georgia; along the northern extremes of the Gulf States to northern Oklahoma; north through the eastern sections of Colorado, Wyomi ng, and Montana; and through A\"I berta, north-central Bri t ish Col umbi a and southeastern Yukon territory (Carlander 1969; Scott and Crossman 1973).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Twomey, K.A., Williamson, K.L., and Nelson, P.C., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: White sucker: FWS/OBS 82/10.64, viii, 56 p.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twomey, Kathleen A.","contributorId":38629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twomey","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Kathryn L.","contributorId":50597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Patrick C.","contributorId":68799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}