The great egret, also called common egret or American egret, is a large white heron tn the order Ciconiiformes, family Ardeidae. Great egrets stand 94.0-104.1 cm (37-41 inches) tall and have a wing spread to 139.7 cm (55 inches) (Terres 1980). The species is associated with streams, ponds, lakes, mud flats, swamps, ahd freshwater and salt marshes. The birds feed in shallow water on fishes, amphibians, reptiles, crustaceans and insects (Terres 1980).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Chapman, B.R., and Howard, R.J., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Great egret: FWS/OBS 82/10.78, vi, 23 p.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Brian R.","contributorId":19430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53504,"text":"fwsobs82_10_66 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Eastern cottontail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:15:22.239159","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_66","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.66","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Eastern cottontail","docAbstract":"The eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) is the most widely distributed cottontail in North America (Chapman et al. 1982). The species is considered to be a generalist that occupies a variety of habitats from southern Canada southward into South America (Chapman et al. 1980). The eastern cottontail's range overlaps that of six other species of cottontails (Sylvilagus spp.) and six species of hares (Lepus spp.). Eastern cottontails have been widely transplanted and are believed to be expanding their range northward, particularly in the Northeast (Chapman et al. 1982). The eastern cottontail has been successfully introduced into portions of Oregon and Washington which are outside of the species' natural range (Chapman and Morgan 1973). The eastern cottontail is primarily nocturnal and is a principal game species in the eastern United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Eastern cottontail: FWS/OBS 82/10.66, vi, 23 p.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58505,"text":"mf1466D - 1984 - Map showing geochemistry of stream sediments in the Jerry Peak Wilderness Study Area, Custer County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T07:49:25","indexId":"mf1466D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1466","chapter":"D","title":"Map showing geochemistry of stream sediments in the Jerry Peak Wilderness Study Area, Custer County, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Jerry Peak Wilderness Study Area is about 25 mi south of Challis in Custer County, central Idaho (fig. 1). The study area contains 46,150 acres of land administered by the by the Bureau of Land Management and 1 sq mi owned by the State of Idaho, a total of 46,790 acres. Most of the study area is readily accessible by roads along tributaries of the East Fork Salmon River, especially Road Creek, Herd Creek, and Lake Creek. The southeastern part of the area can be reached from Road Creek by the road down Peck's Canyon and by roads from Thousand Springs Valley, southeast of the study area. Several access roads to past logging operations extend up Sage Creek and its tributaries in the southeast part of the study area. Access to points within the northern part of the area is facilitated by jeep trails that connect with Road Creek and lake Creek and by improved road that extends northward from Herd Lake. The study area is moderately rugged, with local relief approaching 2,000 ft. Jerry (10,010 ft), the highest point within the area, is a low knoll on a north-trending linear ridge (fig. 1). The ridge has not been glaciated, despite its relatively high altitude. Most of the area is thinly covered by grass and low shrubs; trees, for the most part, are restricted to valley bottoms or to local, small groves on hillslopes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1466D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Callahan, J.E., McIntyre, D.H., Cooley, E., and Cookro, T., 1984, Map showing geochemistry of stream sediments in the Jerry Peak Wilderness Study Area, Custer County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1466, 1 Plate: 41.46 x 26.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1466D.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.46 x 26.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1466d.jpg"},{"id":284430,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1466-D/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Custer County","otherGeospatial":"Jerry Peak","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.375,44.0 ], [ -114.375,44.25 ], [ -114.0,44.25 ], [ -114.0,44.0 ], [ -114.375,44.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd65c6e4b0b2908510051f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callahan, James E.","contributorId":7273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, D. H.","contributorId":45726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooley, E.F.","contributorId":83072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cookro, T. M.","contributorId":81495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cookro","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":59768,"text":"mf1713 - 1984 - Types of damage that could result from a great earthquake in the New Madrid, Missouri, seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-23T21:30:35.522784","indexId":"mf1713","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","title":"Types of damage that could result from a great earthquake in the New Madrid, Missouri, seismic zone","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811–1812 a series of three great earthquakes occurred in the New Madrid seismic zone. In addition to the three principal shocks, at least 15 other earthquakes, Io ≥ VIII, occurred within a year of the first large earthquake on December 16, 1811. The three main shocks were felt over the entire eastern United States. They were strong enough to cause minor damage as far away as Indiana and Ohio on the north, the Carolinas on the east, and southern Mississippi on the south. They were strong enough to cause severe or structural damage in parts of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas. The section of this poster titled \"Seismic history of the New Madrid region\" describes what happened in the epicentral region. Fortunately, few people lived in the severely shaken area in 1811; that is not the case today. What would happen if a series of earthquakes as large and numerous as the \"New Madrid\" earthquakes were to occur in the New Madrid seismic zone today?
\nPhotographs 1-10 show typical damage to structures that occurred during various earthquakes in the United States. Structural damage to buildings in the Modified Mercalli intensity scale, a scale used for assigning numbers to earthquake effects, begins at intensity VIII. Minor or architectural damage (cracked plaster, windows, and chimneys) occurs at intensities VI and VII, and effects on people and small objects predominate at intensities below VI (earthquake felt, direction and duration noted, dishes broken). Photographs 1-10 illustrate damage caused by intensity VIII and above. None of the damage shown in these photographs occurred in earthquakes larger than the 1811–1812 New Madrid shocks, and most of the examples are from considerably smaller shocks. Photographs 1-4 and 7 show damage to masonry buildings, mostly old and unreinforced, none designed to be earthquake resistant. How many such buildings are in use in your community? Photographs 5 and 6 show damage to modern structures close to the epicenter of a magnitude 6.5 earthquake, a small shock compared to the magnitudes (8.4–8.7) of the New Madrid earthquakes. Photographs 8–10 are typical of damage that can occur at large distances from great earthquakes. Tall buildings are particularly susceptible to ground motions with relatively long periods (greater than 1 second), while short, rigid buildings are generally more likely to be damaged by ground motions with periods of less than 1 second. Shorter period ground motions attenuate more rapidly with distance from the epicenter than do the longer period motions.
\nThe 1811-1812 earthquakes produced extensive ground effects. Earthquakes can cause many different kinds of ground effects, ranging from minor fissures, slumps, and rockslides to major landslides and disturbances of the ground surface. Photographs 1117 show typical earthquake ground effects and the kinds of damage they can cause to manmade structures.
\nIs another earthquake as large as the 1811-1812 shocks really likely to occur in New Madrid seismic zone? Great earthquakes such as the 1811-1812 series are estimated to occur in the zone on the average every 500 years. However, earthquakes strong enough to cause structural damage (VIII in the Modified Mercalli intensity scale) are estimated to occur in the seismic zone on the average every 50 years. The last such shock occurred in 1843.
\nHow do you prepare for a possible earthquake and what do you do if one occurs? The section on \"Earthquake safety tips\" explains what to do before, during, and after an earthquake.
\nWant to know more? See \"Sources of additional information.\" Other reports of interest are listed in \"References cited.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1713","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Hopper, M.G., and Algermissen, S.T., 1984, Types of damage that could result from a great earthquake in the New Madrid, Missouri, seismic zone: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1713, Plate: 42.18 x 28.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1713.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.18 x 28.92 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":327280,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1713/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1713.JPG"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid seismic zone","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62387e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":59694,"text":"mf1429 - 1984 - Maps showing geomorphic and geologic evidence for Late Quaternary displacement along the Surprise Valley and associated faults, Modoc County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:01:09","indexId":"mf1429","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1429","title":"Maps showing geomorphic and geologic evidence for Late Quaternary displacement along the Surprise Valley and associated faults, Modoc County, California","docAbstract":"The maps in this report are designed to show the location, nature, and age of fault traces and lineaments that are interpreted to be the result of late Quaternary movement along the Surprise Valley and associated faults. These characteristics are important to scientists and engineers who study the surface faulting and earthquakes and should also be helpful to those concerned with land use and development on or near faults in swetern Surprose Valley. In addition, faults apparently control the location of modern geothermal activity in Surprise Valley (Hedel, 1981) and are thus important to geothermal exploration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1429","isbn":"0607810882","usgsCitation":"Hedel, C.W., 1984, Maps showing geomorphic and geologic evidence for Late Quaternary displacement along the Surprise Valley and associated faults, Modoc County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1429, 49.14 x 40.36 inches and 35.82 x 31.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1429.","productDescription":"49.14 x 40.36 inches and 35.82 x 31.95 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1429.PNG"},{"id":327251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1429/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327252,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1429/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,41.1175 ], [ -120.25,42 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -120,41.1175 ], [ -120.25,41.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedel, Charles W.","contributorId":32550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48896,"text":"ofr84431 - 1984 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48896,"text":"ofr84431 - 1984 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal","indexId":"ofr84431","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6355,"text":"pp1257 - 1987 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal","indexId":"pp1257","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6355,"text":"pp1257 - 1987 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal","indexId":"pp1257","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T14:41:30","indexId":"ofr84431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-431","title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal","docAbstract":"The Denver metropolitan area is experiencing a rapid population growth that is requiring increasing supplies of potable water to be pumped from bedrock aquifers in order to meet demand. In an effort to determine the ability of the aquifers to continue to meet this demand, the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, the Denver Board of Water Commissioners, and Adams, Arapahoe, Douglas, Elbert and El Paso Counties joined with the U.S. Geological Survey in undertaking a hydrologic evaluation of the ground-water resources of the basin. This involved mapping of aquifer extent, thickness, structure, hydraulic characteristics, and water-level and water-quality conditions. This enabled ground-water modeling techniques to be used to simulate aquifer response to various pumpage estimates and ground-water development plans.
The Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer (the deepest aquifer) underlies the 6,700-square-mile study area and is overlain by the more permeable Arapahoe aquifer, the Denver aquifer, and the Dawson aquifer, which crops out in the southern part of the study area. It is estimated that 260x106 acre-feet of recoverable ground water are in storage in these four bedrock aquifers. However, less than 0.1 percent of this volume of water is stored under confined conditions. The larger volume of water stored under unconfined conditions will be available for use only when the water levels in the confined aquifers decline below the top of the individual aquifer, allowing water-table conditions to develop.
Annual precipitation on the Denver basin supplies an average of 6,900 cubic feet per second of water to the area; about 55 cubic feet per second of this recharges the bedrock aquifers, principally through the Dawson Arkose. The direction of ground-water movement is generally from ground-water divides in the southern part of the area northward toward the margins of the aquifers. Pumpage has ranged from about 5 cubic feet per second in 1884 to about 41 cubic feet per second in 1978. Pumpage exceeds recharge in the metropolitan area and has caused water-level declines (1958-78) to exceed 200 feet in a 135-square-mile area of the Arapahoe aquifer southeast of Denver.
A quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference model of the aquifer system was constructed and calibrated under steady-state and transient-state conditions. Steady-state calibration indicated that lateral hydraulic conductivity within the aquifers is about 100,000 times larger than the vertical hydraulic conductivity between the aquifers. Transient-state calibration indicated that between 1958 and 1978, 374,000 acre-feet of water was pumped from the aquifers, producing a 90,000-acre-foot net decrease in the volume of water in storage in the aquifers. During this time, pumpage also changed the rates of interaquifer flow, induced additional recharge, and caused capture of natural discharge.
Three 1979-2050 pumpage estimates were made for use in simulating the effects of various ground-water development plans. Simulations using each of these pumpage estimates indicate that by the year 2050 large water-level declines could occur, particularly in the deeper aquifers. Maximum water-level declines of 410, 1,700, and 1,830 feet were produced using the small, medium, and large pumping rates.
Four plans for supplementing the Denver water supply include pumping a satellite well field, pumping a municipal well field, pumping to irrigate parks, and injecting water during periods of low demand for later use during periods of peak demand. Model simulation of these plans indicates that the satellite well field will yield twice as much water as the municipal well field, but will produce larger and more widespread water-level declines in the four aquifers. The municipal well field would not significantly affect water levels in the Dawson aquifer. Pumping the Arapahoe aquifer to supply irrigation water to selected parks was shown to produce only small water-level declines in the aquifer. Results of simulating injection-pumpage well fields at two locations indicate that simulated injection rates could range from 1.7 to 10 cubic feet per second, depending on the choice of site. The volume of water that could be stored in the bedrock aquifer is, thus, sensitive to the hydrologic characteristics of the chosen site. More study is needed to evaluate water-chemistry compatibility of native and injected water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84431","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., 1984, Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-431, Report: vii, 111 p.; 5 Plates: 29.87 x 40.03 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84431.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 111 p.; 5 Plates: 29.87 x 40.03 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359232,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359233,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359234,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359235,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359236,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.32318115234375,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n -103.68072509765625,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n -103.68072509765625,\n 40.46157664398329\n ],\n [\n -105.32318115234375,\n 40.46157664398329\n ],\n [\n -105.32318115234375,\n 38.77978137804918\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63da50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, S. G.","contributorId":97102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59419,"text":"mf1521D - 1984 - Reconnaissance geochemical maps of mineralized rocks in the Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:22:29","indexId":"mf1521D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1521","chapter":"D","title":"Reconnaissance geochemical maps of mineralized rocks in the Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Dragoon Mountains of central Cochise County are one of a group of northwest-trending ranges in southeastern Arizona. The Dragoon Mountains have a broad, low southeastern part; a narrow, moderately high central part; and a broad, high, northwestern part. The Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, about 55 mi2 (104 km2) in size, covers most of this northwestern part. The roadless area thus extends from Middle Pass in the southeast to Big Draw in in the northwest, and from the edge of Sulphur Springs Valley in the northeast to the edge of the San Pedro River valley in the southwest, excluding several canyon mouths and other developed areas as shown on figure 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1521D","usgsCitation":"Drewes, H., 1984, Reconnaissance geochemical maps of mineralized rocks in the Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1521, 47.00 x 38.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1521D.","productDescription":"47.00 x 38.54 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1521D.PNG"},{"id":327208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1521-D/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Cochise","otherGeospatial":"Dragoon Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.01434326171875,\n 32.013898345577914\n ],\n [\n -109.96559143066406,\n 32.03776626173338\n ],\n [\n -109.95597839355467,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -109.96009826660156,\n 32.010404958190534\n ],\n [\n -109.96559143066406,\n 31.997594731962774\n ],\n [\n -109.97108459472655,\n 31.987694694913323\n ],\n [\n -109.97177124023438,\n 31.977211138105698\n ],\n [\n -109.95460510253906,\n 31.974298826428072\n ],\n [\n -109.94911193847656,\n 31.96672638359533\n ],\n [\n -109.94705200195311,\n 31.95798817341275\n ],\n [\n -109.95391845703125,\n 31.946918580249633\n ],\n [\n -109.96490478515625,\n 31.92943755974919\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 31.93934387957224\n ],\n [\n -109.94155883789062,\n 31.945170627818577\n ],\n [\n -109.92988586425781,\n 31.93992657102148\n ],\n [\n -109.92233276367188,\n 31.93235129404254\n ],\n [\n -109.91615295410155,\n 31.920695802848183\n ],\n [\n -109.91203308105469,\n 31.903792716788487\n ],\n [\n -109.91889953613281,\n 31.892133606937325\n ],\n [\n -109.9243927001953,\n 31.875808372704054\n ],\n [\n -109.92919921875,\n 31.871143488642247\n ],\n [\n -109.94705200195311,\n 31.879306880763227\n ],\n [\n -109.962158203125,\n 31.885720467145212\n ],\n [\n -109.96902465820312,\n 31.87814072617145\n ],\n [\n -109.96971130371094,\n 31.864728887466658\n ],\n [\n -109.97108459472655,\n 31.85948024535741\n ],\n [\n -109.98001098632812,\n 31.85189834587929\n ],\n [\n -109.98825073242188,\n 31.853648070322752\n ],\n [\n -109.99374389648436,\n 31.861229825930895\n ],\n [\n -110.00885009765625,\n 31.866478368426876\n ],\n [\n -110.02601623535155,\n 31.87464217382903\n ],\n [\n -110.01983642578125,\n 31.886303498308433\n ],\n [\n -110.02120971679688,\n 31.890967614740212\n ],\n [\n -110.02876281738281,\n 31.892133606937325\n ],\n [\n -110.03700256347656,\n 31.89971219631015\n ],\n [\n -110.03837585449219,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -110.03219604492188,\n 31.918364527333846\n ],\n [\n -110.02052307128906,\n 31.927106505829546\n ],\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 31.931185811406294\n ],\n [\n -110.03288269042967,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -110.04112243652342,\n 31.93526493599139\n ],\n [\n -110.04867553710936,\n 31.937595783059336\n ],\n [\n -110.05966186523438,\n 31.93934387957224\n ],\n [\n -110.0562286376953,\n 31.949831760406877\n ],\n [\n -110.04661560058594,\n 31.956823015897207\n ],\n [\n -110.04112243652342,\n 31.963813739260456\n ],\n [\n -110.03631591796875,\n 31.977793589351563\n ],\n [\n -110.02944946289062,\n 31.99293602411166\n ],\n [\n -110.01434326171875,\n 32.013898345577914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewes, Harald","contributorId":52567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"Harald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27933,"text":"wri834235 - 1984 - An assessment of cumulative impacts of coal mining on the hydrology in part of the Powder River structural basin, Wyoming: A progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-09T14:12:54.54617","indexId":"wri834235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4235","title":"An assessment of cumulative impacts of coal mining on the hydrology in part of the Powder River structural basin, Wyoming: A progress report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality are involved in a cooperative effort to assess the probable cumulative impacts of coal mining on the hydrology of a part of the Powder River Structural Basin in Wyoming. It was assumed that the principal impacts on the ground-water system due to mining will occur in the relatively shallow aquifers which can be grouped into three homogeneous aquifers, namely, the Wyodak coal, the overburden, and the under burden. Emphasis of this report is on the results of analysis of surface-water resources in the Caballo Creek drainage. A surface-water model of the Caballo Creek drainage was developed using the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran model to help assess the impacts of mining activities on streamflow. The Caballo Creek drainage was divided into 10 land segments and 6 stream reaches in the modeling process. Three simulation runs show little, if any, change in streamflow between pre- and post-mining conditions and very little change between pre-mining and during-mining conditions. The principal reason for the absence of change is the high infiltration rate used in the model for all three conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834235","usgsCitation":"Jordan, P.R., Bloyd, R., and Daddow, P., 1984, An assessment of cumulative impacts of coal mining on the hydrology in part of the Powder River structural basin, Wyoming: A progress report: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4235, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834235.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35874.htm"},{"id":56748,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123888,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4235/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -105.25,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -105.25,\n 44.217\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 44.217\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, P. R.","contributorId":7282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bloyd, R. M.","contributorId":34549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloyd","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daddow, P. B.","contributorId":26700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daddow","given":"P. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28150,"text":"wri834186 - 1984 - Evaluation of alternative reservoir-management practices in the Rock River basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T15:48:01","indexId":"wri834186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4186","title":"Evaluation of alternative reservoir-management practices in the Rock River basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Simulation of the operation of upstream impoundments in the Rock River basin to reduce spring floods showed that such operation would reduce flood peaks by 0.11 foot on the average, and would increase flood peaks some years. The most significant reductions would occur during the average- size floods, whereas little or no reductions would occur for larger and smaller floods. Modifying the simulation of impoundment operations to reduce larger floods produced only minor reductions in flood peaks for the larger floods, and slightly increased flood peaks for average-size floods.
\nAlternative operating procedures for Indianford Dam which controls Lake Koshkonong were simulated with estimated power generation and the use of flashboards during the summer, neither of which are currently used. The simulation showed that, for most periods without significant runoff, the stage of Lake Koshkonong would tend toward the stage at which power generation was prohibited. It also showed that use of flashboards to raise the minimum lake stage during the summer would not raise the peak stage of the lake measurably if the flashboards were removed when the stage rose above its normal level. Simulation showed that winter drawdown of Lake Koshkonong would not lower spring flood peaks significantly downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Krug, W., and House, L.B., 1984, Evaluation of alternative reservoir-management practices in the Rock River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4186, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834186.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56980,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County, Dane County, Dodge County, Fond du Lac County, Green County, Green Lake County, Jefferson County, Rock County, Washington County, Waukesha County","otherGeospatial":"Rock River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.8857,43.8954],[-88.7651,43.8953],[-88.6446,43.895],[-88.524,43.8941],[-88.4561,43.8932],[-88.404,43.8923],[-88.4033,43.9388],[-88.315,43.938],[-88.2826,43.9377],[-88.1619,43.9379],[-88.1622,43.8914],[-88.1608,43.8044],[-88.1599,43.7197],[-88.1597,43.6305],[-88.1601,43.6132],[-88.1608,43.5431],[-88.0402,43.5423],[-88.0401,43.4581],[-88.0401,43.3675],[-88.0622,43.3673],[-88.0633,43.2827],[-88.0639,43.194],[-88.0664,43.1076],[-88.0682,43.0202],[-88.0692,42.9725],[-88.0675,42.9334],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.1868,42.8451],[-88.3044,42.8444],[-88.3027,42.6134],[-88.3016,42.4979],[-88.4099,42.4977],[-88.5047,42.4981],[-88.6288,42.4985],[-88.6737,42.4977],[-88.7059,42.4972],[-88.7719,42.4957],[-88.7737,42.4958],[-88.9385,42.4984],[-88.9798,42.4989],[-89.0467,42.4997],[-89.154,42.501],[-89.2345,42.5018],[-89.2705,42.5021],[-89.3185,42.5024],[-89.3645,42.5029],[-89.4018,42.503],[-89.4031,42.503],[-89.4537,42.5038],[-89.4883,42.5044],[-89.5693,42.5057],[-89.6811,42.5074],[-89.803,42.5077],[-89.8379,42.5076],[-89.8377,42.5975],[-89.8375,42.6857],[-89.8373,42.7735],[-89.8375,42.8135],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7292,43.3026],[-89.7279,43.3108],[-89.7254,43.3153],[-89.7229,43.3181],[-89.7185,43.3195],[-89.7129,43.3226],[-89.7078,43.3277],[-89.7028,43.3345],[-89.6909,43.3495],[-89.684,43.3573],[-89.6783,43.3586],[-89.6708,43.3582],[-89.6613,43.3577],[-89.6456,43.36],[-89.6311,43.3646],[-89.6166,43.371],[-89.6009,43.3806],[-89.6004,43.4688],[-89.5999,43.5544],[-89.6075,43.5603],[-89.6138,43.5626],[-89.6277,43.5617],[-89.6359,43.5603],[-89.6511,43.5621],[-89.658,43.5634],[-89.6643,43.5657],[-89.6707,43.5666],[-89.6783,43.5671],[-89.6877,43.5634],[-89.6934,43.5616],[-89.6991,43.562],[-89.706,43.5648],[-89.7187,43.5652],[-89.7288,43.5661],[-89.7351,43.5693],[-89.7364,43.5743],[-89.7326,43.5793],[-89.7288,43.5829],[-89.7244,43.587],[-89.7188,43.5929],[-89.7207,43.597],[-89.727,43.5979],[-89.7428,43.597],[-89.751,43.5997],[-89.7567,43.6029],[-89.7662,43.6029],[-89.7738,43.6092],[-89.7763,43.6161],[-89.7808,43.6215],[-89.7802,43.6274],[-89.7789,43.6343],[-89.784,43.6388],[-89.7866,43.6411],[-89.779,43.6411],[-89.7195,43.643],[-89.6,43.6427],[-89.4837,43.6423],[-89.3648,43.6427],[-89.2453,43.643],[-89.2456,43.7304],[-89.2455,43.7572],[-89.243,43.759],[-89.241,43.7636],[-89.2296,43.7649],[-89.2227,43.7604],[-89.2201,43.7604],[-89.2176,43.7626],[-89.1897,43.7617],[-89.1834,43.7621],[-89.1751,43.7639],[-89.1713,43.7635],[-89.1682,43.7625],[-89.168,43.8099],[-89.1749,43.8076],[-89.1851,43.8022],[-89.1902,43.8013],[-89.194,43.8022],[-89.1971,43.8045],[-89.199,43.8077],[-89.1977,43.8109],[-89.1977,43.8127],[-89.1975,43.876],[-89.1651,43.8759],[-89.1658,43.983],[-89.1283,43.9833],[-89.0063,43.9834],[-88.944,43.9836],[-88.8862,43.9833],[-88.8857,43.8954]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faebb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, W.R.","contributorId":23147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27974,"text":"wri844052 - 1984 - Enhanced job control language procedures for the SIMSYS2D two-dimensional water-quality simulation system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri844052","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4052","title":"Enhanced job control language procedures for the SIMSYS2D two-dimensional water-quality simulation system","docAbstract":"The SIMSYS2D two-dimensional water-quality simulation system is a large-scale digital modeling software system used to simulate flow and transport of solutes in freshwater and estuarine environments. Due to the size, processing requirements, and complexity of the system, there is a need to easily move the system and its associated files between computer sites when required. A series of job control language (JCL) procedures was written to allow transferability between IBM and IBM-compatible computers. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844052","usgsCitation":"Karavitis, G., 1984, Enhanced job control language procedures for the SIMSYS2D two-dimensional water-quality simulation system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4052, iii, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844052.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60268e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karavitis, G.A.","contributorId":102527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karavitis","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28041,"text":"wri844048 - 1984 - Trend analysis of salt load and evaluation of the frequency of water-quality measurements for the Gunnison, the Colorado, and the Dolores rivers in Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri844048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4048","title":"Trend analysis of salt load and evaluation of the frequency of water-quality measurements for the Gunnison, the Colorado, and the Dolores rivers in Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"Monthly values were computed for water-quality constituents at four streamflow gaging stations in the Upper Colorado River basin for the determination of trends. Seasonal regression and seasonal Kendall trend analysis techniques were applied to two monthly data sets at each station site for four different time periods. A recently developed method for determining optimal water-discharge data-collection frequency was also applied to the monthly water-quality data. Trend analysis results varied with each monthly load computational method, period of record, and trend detection model used. No conclusions could be reached regarding which computational method was best to use in trend analysis. Time-period selection for analysis was found to be important with regard to intended use of the results. Seasonal Kendall procedures were found to be applicable to most data sets. Seasonal regression models were more difficult to apply and were sometimes of questionable validity; however, those results were more informative than seasonal Kendall results. The best model to use depends upon the characteristics of the data and the amount of trend information needed. The measurement-frequency optimization method had potential for application to water-quality data, but refinements are needed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nOpen-File Services Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri844048","usgsCitation":"Kircher, J.E., Dinicola, R., and Middelburg, R., 1984, Trend analysis of salt load and evaluation of the frequency of water-quality measurements for the Gunnison, the Colorado, and the Dolores rivers in Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4048, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844048.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56879,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kircher, J. E.","contributorId":11207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middelburg, R.F.","contributorId":102489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28129,"text":"wri834197 - 1984 - Preliminary estimate of possible flood elevations in the Columbia River at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant due to failure of debris dam blocking Spirit Lake, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri834197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4197","title":"Preliminary estimate of possible flood elevations in the Columbia River at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant due to failure of debris dam blocking Spirit Lake, Washington","docAbstract":"Failure of the debris dam, blocking the outflow of Spirit Lake near Mount St. Helens, could result in a mudflow down the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers into the Columbia River. Flood elevations at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant on the Columbia River, 5 mi upstream from the Cowlitz River, were simulated with a hydraulic routing model. The simulations are made for four Columbia River discharges in each of two scenarios, one in which Columbia River floods coincide with a mudflow and the other in which Columbia River floods follow a mudflow sediment deposit upstream from the Cowlitz River. In the first scenario, Manning 's roughness coefficients for clear water and for mudflow in the Columbia River are used; in the second scenario only clear water coefficients are used. The grade elevation at the power plant is 45 ft above sea level. The simulated elevations exceed 44 ft if the mudflow coincides with a Columbia River discharge that has a recurrence interval greater than 10 years (610,000 cu ft/sec); the mudflow is assumed to extend downstream from the Cowlitz River to the mouth of the Columbia River, and Manning 's roughness coefficients for a mudflow are used. The simulated elevation is 32 ft if the mudflow coincides with a 100-yr flood (820,000 cu ft/sec) and clear-water Manning 's coefficients are used throughout the entire reach of the Columbia River. The elevations exceed 45 ft if a flow exceeding the 2-yr peak discharge in the Columbia River (410,000 cu ft/sec) follows the deposit of 0.5 billion cu yd of mudflow sediment upstream of the Cowlitz River before there has been any appreciable scour or dredging of the deposit. In this simulation it is assumed that: (1) the top of the sediment deposited in the Columbia River is at an elevation of 30 ft at the mouth of the Cowlitz River, (2) the surface elevation of the sediment deposit decreases in an upstream direction at a rate of 2.5 ft/mi, and (3) clear water Manning 's coefficients apply to the entire modeled reach of the Columbia River. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834197","usgsCitation":"Kresch, D., and Laenen, A., 1984, Preliminary estimate of possible flood elevations in the Columbia River at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant due to failure of debris dam blocking Spirit Lake, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4197, iv, 11 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834197.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56962,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kresch, D. L.","contributorId":52559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28085,"text":"wri844312 - 1984 - Simulated artificial recharge in the Big Sioux Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri844312","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4312","title":"Simulated artificial recharge in the Big Sioux Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County is a water-table aquifer hydraulically connected to the Big Sioux River. A digital-computer model previously developed by the U.S. Geological Survey was used to simulate potential effects of artificial recharge on the aquifer. A simulation was made by recharging water at the rate of 870 gallons per minute for four 30-day periods. Total water recharged to the aquifer during the 120 days was 150.3 million gallons. About 24.4 million gallons of water discharged from the aquifer to the river during the 120-day recharge period and about 30 million gallons discharged from the aquifer to the river during three 30-day recovery periods, both as a result of the artificial recharge, therefore, a total of 54.4 million gallons or 36 percent of the 150.3 million gallons that was artificially recharged from the aquifer to the river. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844312","usgsCitation":"Koch, N., 1984, Simulated artificial recharge in the Big Sioux Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4312, iii, 8 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844312.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4312/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f388b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, N.C.","contributorId":67529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30306,"text":"wri844263 - 1984 - AQUIFEM-SALT; a finite-element model for aquifers containing a seawater interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri844263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4263","title":"AQUIFEM-SALT; a finite-element model for aquifers containing a seawater interface","docAbstract":"Described are modifications to AQUIFEM, a finite element areal ground-water flow model for aquifer evaluation. The modified model, AQUIFEM-SALT, simulates an aquifer containing a freshwater body that freely floats on seawater. Parts of the freshwater lens may be confined above and below by less permeable units. Theory, code modifications, and model verification are discussed. A modified input data list is included. This report is intended as a companion to the original AQUIFEM documentation. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844263","usgsCitation":"Voss, C., 1984, AQUIFEM-SALT; a finite-element model for aquifers containing a seawater interface: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4263, iv, 37 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844263.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4263/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59099,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25831,"text":"wri834092 - 1984 - Water-quality assessment of the Illinois River basin, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri834092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4092","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Illinois River basin, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A water-quality assessment was made of Illinois River, Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, and Osage Creek in northwest Arkansas. Data were collected to calibrate and verify steady-state digital, stream, water-quality models. The models were then used to simulate changes in instream diel-minimum dissolved-oxygen resulting from changes in nutrient loading. The city of Fayetteville proposes to divert part of its projected wastewater-treatment plant discharge to Illinois River. Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, and Osage Creek currently received effluent from the cities of Prairie Grove, Springdale, and Rogers, respectively. The diel-minimum dissolved-oxygen standard for each of these streams is 4.0 mg/L under projected loadings. Data collected indicate that none of the four streams meet Arkansas state standards for diel-minimum dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria. Computed dissolved-oxygen deficits indicate that benthal demand is the principal reason for dissolved-oxygen not meeting standards. Model simulations indicate that Spring Creek and Osage Creek can meet dissolved oxygen standards with stringent effluent limits imposed at the inspecting waste water-treatment plants; Muddy Fork and Illinois River can not. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834092","usgsCitation":"Terry, J.E., Morris, E.E., Petersen, J.C., and Darling, M., 1984, Water-quality assessment of the Illinois River basin, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4092, 435 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834092.","productDescription":"435 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terry, J. E.","contributorId":87930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, E. E.","contributorId":93493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Jim C.","contributorId":43816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darling, M.E.","contributorId":82355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30188,"text":"wri844188 - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175961,"text":"wri844188A - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site- An introduction: Chapter A in Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","indexId":"wri844188A","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site- An introduction: Chapter A in Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":30188,"text":"wri844188 - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","indexId":"wri844188","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70175964,"text":"wri844188D - 1984 - Determination of hydraulic conductivity in three dimensions and its relation to dispersivity: Chapter D in Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","indexId":"wri844188D","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Determination of hydraulic conductivity in three dimensions and its relation to dispersivity: Chapter D in Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":30188,"text":"wri844188 - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","indexId":"wri844188","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-13T10:10:31","indexId":"wri844188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4188","title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has begun a research project to improve understanding of the mobilization, transport, and fate of petroleum contaminants in the shallow subsurface and to use this understanding to develop predictive models of contaminant behavior.
\nThe project site is near Bemidji in northern Minnesota where an accidental spill of 10,500 barrels of crude oil occurred when a pipeline broke on August 20, 1979. Regulatory and remedial actions have been completed. The site is in a remote area with neither man-made hydraulic stresses nor other anthropogenic sources of the compounds of interest. The spill is in the recharge area of a local flow system that discharges to a small closed lake approximately 1,000 feet down the hydraulic gradient. The aquifer is pitted outwash dissected by younger glacial channels and is underlain by poorly permeable till at a depth of about 80 feet. Ground water dissolves oil floating on the water table under the spill site and moves toward the lake. At the water table, ground water enters the lake through lacustrine sediments; at depth, flow may be underneath the lake through the outwash. Contaminant transport has been as rapid as 4 feet per day based on the rate of movement of contaminants monitored through wells installed within a few days of the spill, but average rates are undoubtedly much less.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri844188","usgsCitation":"1984, Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4188, x, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844188.","productDescription":"x, 107 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58984,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4188/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.09074687957764,\n 47.57481758275047\n ],\n [\n -95.08894443511963,\n 47.57376082974435\n ],\n [\n -95.0900387763977,\n 47.57295015544948\n ],\n [\n -95.09201288223267,\n 47.57392006786331\n ],\n [\n -95.09074687957764,\n 47.57481758275047\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d04b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629067,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25898,"text":"wri824073 - 1984 - Runoff, sediment transport, and water quality in a northern Illinois agricultural watershed before urban development, 1979-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri824073","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4073","title":"Runoff, sediment transport, and water quality in a northern Illinois agricultural watershed before urban development, 1979-81","docAbstract":"A study designed to quantify and evaluate changes in runoff and sediment transport attributable to construction activities during urban development of a watershed required identification of pre-construction hydrologic conditions. Data collected before construction on a 2.81 sq m (7.28 sq km) agricultural watershed (upper Spring Creek) near Rockford, IL, show that during a 2-year period ending June 30, 1981, 2,890 tons (2,620 Mg) of suspended sediment were transported from the watershed. Of the 2 ,890 tons (2,620 Mg), 2,690 tons (2,440 Mg) or 93.1 % were transported during a storm in a 46.6-hour period of June 13-14, 1981. Runoff from a 0.031 sq m (0.080 sq km) subbasin (Spring Creek tributary) transported 33.9 tons (30.9 Mg) of suspended sediment during a 3.2-hour storm period on June 13, 1981. Regression models relating storm suspended-sediment yields and peak-water discharge per square mile for upper Spring Creek and Spring Creek tributary have average standard errors of 57 and 24 %, respectively. Trace amounts of currently banned pesticides, including Aldrin and DDT, were detected in streambed material samples. Documented sediment yields, chemical quality, and relations between runoff and sediment discharge provide baseline information for future evaluation of hydrologic conditions in the watershed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824073","usgsCitation":"Allen, H., and Gray, J.R., 1984, Runoff, sediment transport, and water quality in a northern Illinois agricultural watershed before urban development, 1979-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4073, vii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824073.","productDescription":"vii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5face6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":63054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30081,"text":"wri844176 - 1984 - Wireline-rotary air coring of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wri844176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4176","title":"Wireline-rotary air coring of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This paper describes experiments using wireline-rotary air-coring techniques conducted in the Bandelier Tuff using a modified standard wireline core-barrel system. The modified equipment was used to collect uncontaminated cores of unconsolidated ash and indurated tuff at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Core recovery obtained from the 210-foot deep test hole was about 92 percent. A standard HQ-size, triple-tube wireline core barrel (designed for the passage of liquid drilling fluids) was modified for air coring as follows: (1) Air passages were milled in the latch body part of the head assembly; (2) the inside dimension of the outer core barrel tube was machined and honed to provide greater clearance between the inner and outer barrels; (3) oversized reaming devices were added to the outer core barrel and the coring bit to allow more clearance for air and cuttings return; (4) the eight discharge ports in the coring bit were enlarged. To control airborne-dust pollution, a dust-and-cuttings discharge subassembly, designed and built by project personnel, was used. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844176","usgsCitation":"Teasdale, W., and Pemberton, R., 1984, Wireline-rotary air coring of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4176, iii, 9 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844176.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4987e4b07f02db5af27b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teasdale, W.E.","contributorId":50177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pemberton, R.R.","contributorId":70441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pemberton","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30030,"text":"wri844343 - 1984 - Summary of results of an investigation to define the geohydrology and simulate the effects of large ground-water withdrawals on the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northwestern Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri844343","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4343","title":"Summary of results of an investigation to define the geohydrology and simulate the effects of large ground-water withdrawals on the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northwestern Mississippi","docAbstract":"The 7,000 square-mile Mississippi River alluvial plain in north-western Mississippi (the Delta) is underlain by the prolific Mississippi River alluvial aquifer that currently (1983) yields about 1,100 Mgal/d of water to irrigation wells. Commonly, about 20 feet of clay underlying the Delta land surface is underlain by about 80 to 180 feet of sand and gravel that forms the aquifer. The Mississippi River is in good hydraulic connection with the alluvial aquifer. Generally smaller streams are less likely to have good hydraulic connection with the aquifer. Direct vertical recharge to the alluvial aquifer is small. A two-dimensional finite-difference computer model of the alluvial aquifer was constructed, calibrated, and verified using water levels observed for five dates within the period April 1981 to September 1983. The model shows that the aquifer had a net loss in storage of about 360 Mgal/d for the 2-year period April 1981 to April 1983, when pumpage was about 1,100 Mgal/d. The net inflows from the sources of recharge were: Mississippi River, 390 Mgal/d; recharge along east edge of the Delta, 170 Mgal/d; streams within the Delta, 81 Mgal/d; and areal recharge from infiltration, 180 Mgal/d. The effects of several levels of pumpage by wells were projected 20 years into the future. In 2003, the result of continued pumpage at the 1,100 Mgal/d pumping rate would be lowered ground-water levels of more than 20 feet in a large area in the central part of the Delta, and ground-water levels would continue to decline. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844343","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., and Wasson, B.E., 1984, Summary of results of an investigation to define the geohydrology and simulate the effects of large ground-water withdrawals on the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northwestern Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4343, iii, 17 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844343.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4343/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58833,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4343/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wasson, B. E.","contributorId":11204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30009,"text":"wri844162 - 1984 - Hydrology of Prairie Dog Creek Valley, Norton Dam to state line, north-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri844162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4162","title":"Hydrology of Prairie Dog Creek Valley, Norton Dam to state line, north-central Kansas","docAbstract":"Development of water resources has been a major factor in the economy of Prairie Dog Creek Valley in north-central Kansas. Releases from Norton Reservoir to the Almena Irrigation District averaged 6,900 acre-feet per year during 1967-76. The number of irrigation wells increased from 4 to 147 during 1947-78. Ground water in the valley is derived mostly from the alluvial aquifer. The effects of irrigation on the aquifer are indicated by water-level changes. The water in storage increased from 130,000 to 136,000 acre-feet during 1947-78 due to recharge from surface-water irrigation. A steady-state model of the aquifer prior to irrigation (1947) indicated that most recharge was from precipitation (88 percent) and most discharge was to streams (54 percent) and reparian transpiration (26 percent). Although aquifer storage increased in this area, storage generally decreased in other areas of western Kansas. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844162","usgsCitation":"Stullken, L., 1984, Hydrology of Prairie Dog Creek Valley, Norton Dam to state line, north-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4162, vi, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844162.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58814,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4162/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58815,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4162/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58816,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4162/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58817,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6047de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stullken, L.E.","contributorId":59049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stullken","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25971,"text":"wri844194 - 1984 - Evaluation of the hydrologic system and potential effects of mining in the Dickinson lignite area, eastern slope and western Stark and Hettinger counties, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T15:41:55","indexId":"wri844194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4194","title":"Evaluation of the hydrologic system and potential effects of mining in the Dickinson lignite area, eastern slope and western Stark and Hettinger counties, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The investigation of the water resources of the Dickinson lignite area, an area of about 500 square miles, was undertaken to define the hydrologic system of the area and to project probable effects of coal mining on the system.
Aquifers occur in sandstone beds in: the Fox Hills Sandstone and the lower Hell Creek Formation of Cretaceous age, the upper Hell Creek Formation of Cretaceous age and the lower Ludlow Member of the Fort Union Formation of Tertiary age, and the upper Ludlow and lower Tongue River Members of the Fort Union Formation of Tertiary age. Aquifers also occur in the sandstone and lignite lenses in the upper Tongue River Member and the Sentinel Butte Member of the Fort Union Formation.
Depths to the Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer system range from about 1,300 to 1,710 feet. Well yields range from 18 to 100 gallons per minute. The water is soft and is a sodium bicarbonate type. Dissolvedsolids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system ranged from 1,230 to 1,690 milligrams per liter.
Depths to the upper Hell Creek-lower Ludlow aquifer system range from about 720 to 1,040 feet. Well yields generally are less than 30 gallons per minute but may be as much as 150 gallons per minute. The water is soft and a sodium bicarbonate type. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system ranged from 1,010 to 1,450 milligrams per liter.
Depths to the upper Ludlow-lower Tongue River aquifer system range from about 440 to 713 feet. Well yields may range from about 1 to 100 gallons per minute. The water generally is soft and a sodium bicarbonate type but may be moderately hard and a sulfate type in the southwestern part of the area. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system ranged from 995 to 1,990 milligrams per liter.
Depths to the upper Tongue River-Sentinel Butte aquifer system range from near land surface to about 530 feet below land surface. Well yields generally range from about 1 to 185 gallons per minute. Yields from the lignite parts of the system range from about 2 to 60 gallons per minute. The water generally is a sodium bicarbonate type, but locally sulfate is the dominant anion. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system generally ranged from 574 to 2,720 milligrams per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844194","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, C.A., 1984, Evaluation of the hydrologic system and potential effects of mining in the Dickinson lignite area, eastern slope and western Stark and Hettinger counties, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4194, Report: v, 35 p.; Plate: 22.55 x 19.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844194.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Plate: 22.55 x 19.31 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54717,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4194/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54718,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Hettinger County, Stark County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, C. A.","contributorId":66231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29870,"text":"wri844328 - 1984 - Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri844328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4328","title":"Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada","docAbstract":"Nine plant macrofossil assemblages from the Eleana Range-2 packrat (Neotoma sp.) midden span 6,500 radiocarbon years and record local vegetational changes in the southern Great Basin of Nevada during the last one-half of the Late Wisconsin glacial age. Climatic reconstructions were developed to account for these changes. During the late full glacial episode (17,000 to 15,000 radiocarbon years before the present), winter precipitation was about 70% greater than present winter precipitation, and summer rainfall was minimal. Average annual precipitation probably exceeded present annual precipitation by less than 40%. Annual temperatures were about 6 to 7 C lower than the present average, and evidence exists for winter temperatures much lower than those of the present. A major warming trend occurred between about 16,000 and 12,000 radiocarbon years before present. By the latest Wisconsin (12 ,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon years before present), annual temperatures were within 2 C of temperatures of the present. During the latest Wisconsin, precipitation was greater during the winter, relative to the present. The climate of this pluvial event was much different from that of the preceding full glacial episode and is consistent with current models of astronomically induced climatic changes. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844328","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, W., Robinson, S., and Paillet, F.L., 1984, Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4328, iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844328.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58681,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58682,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58683,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, W. G.","contributorId":20704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29851,"text":"wri844086 - 1984 - Appraisal of the surficial aquifers in the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa River Valleys, western Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:06:56","indexId":"wri844086","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4086","title":"Appraisal of the surficial aquifers in the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa River Valleys, western Minnesota","docAbstract":"The surf icial sands in the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa River valleys in Grant, Pope, Stevens, and Swift Counties have been studied to determine the occurrence, availability, and quality of ground water in these aquifers.
\nIn the northern part of the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa River valleys, the aquifers consist of coarse sand and gravel ranging from 0 to 100 feet in thickness; transmissivities range from 0 to 35,000 feet squared per day in narrow, steep-sided erosional valleys. In the north, well yields commonly exceed 1,000 gallons per minute and may be as much as 4,000 gallons per minute locally. Farther south, the deposits are medium to fine grained, range from 0 to 90 feet thick, and reach a maximum width of 10 miles near Benson, Minnesota. Transmissivities range from 0 to 25,000 feet squared per day. Wells may yield as much as 1,500 gallons per minute locally. Southeast of Clontarf, well yields generally do not exceed 500 gallons per minute because the deposits are thinly saturated and fine grained.
\nGround water in the surf icial aquifer is a mixed calcium magnesium-sulf ate bicarbonate type that is chemically suitable for most uses. Concentrations of most constituents analyzed were below limits recommended by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for drinking water, but concentrations of manganese, iron, nitrite plus nitrate, and dissolved solids exceed recommended limits locally. Salinity, as indicated by the specific conductance (values ranged from 580 to 1,000 micromhos per centimeter) was in the medium to high range at several locations.
\nAn analytical model was used to estimate the effect on streamflow of pumpage from the surficial aquifer in the narrow, 50-mile reach of the Pomme de Terre River valley in Stevens and Grant Counties. The model indicates that the 43 existing wells pumping at maximum potential yields could reduce streamflow by 55 cubic feet per second. Addition of 23 wells also pumping at maximum potential yields could reduce streamflow by 77 cubic feet per second; this rate exceeds low base flow of the Pomme de Terre River.
\nFinite-difference models were used to simulate flow in the surficial aquifer along the Pomme de Terre River near Appleton in Swift County and along the Chippewa River between Cyrus in Pope County and Danvers in Swift County. In the Appleton area/ model analyses indicate that pumping lowered water levels as much as 3 feet from 1973-80 and reduced streamflow by about 14 cubic feet per second. Additional regional water-level declines of 1 to 2 feet/ and up to 4 feet locally near aquifer-till boundaries, can be expected after about 4 years if pumping continues at the 1980 rate and area! recharge from precipitation is near normal. However/ simulation of increased pumping rates and decreased area! recharge during a 3-year drought indicates that water levels may decline as much as 9 feet near aquifer-till boundaries and streamflow may be reduced by about 41 cubic feet per second, which is about 95 percent of the available flow in the Pomme de Terre River at the 55-percent flow duration. Model results also suggest that/ during the first year of a drought/ the combined pumpage from wells operated during 1980 along the Pomme de Terre River in Stevens and Grant Counties and in the Appleton area could reduce streamflow to zero during base flow. Model-computed streamflow deficiencies are 48 and 60 cubic feet per second at the 55- and 70-percent flow duration/ respectively. Under such conditions/ pumping could not be sustained at the rates simulated unless there was sufficient water stored in the stream channel or streamflow was augmented.
\nIn the Cyrus-Benson area/ model results indicate that tinder 1980 development and average area! recharge/ dynamic equilibrium would be reached in less than 4 years and additional drawdown would be less than 2 feet. A 3-year drought coupled with increased pumping from irrigation wells operated during 1980 would lower water levels as much as 6 feet and reduce flow in the Chippewa River by about 26 cubic feet per second. At maximum hypothetical development in terms of the number of wells and normal area! recharge/ water levels would be lowered as much as 9 feet and streamflow would be reduced about 12 cubic feet per second. At maximum hypothetical development/ drought conditions and increased pumping would lower water levels as much as 12 feet and reduce flow in the Chippewa River by about 30 cubic feet per second/ which equals about 75 percent of available streamflow at the 70-percent flow duration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri844086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa Ground-Water Study Steering Committee and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Soukup, W., Gillies, D.C., and Myette, C., 1984, Appraisal of the surficial aquifers in the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa River Valleys, western Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4086, Document: vi, 63 p.; 4 Plates: 17.05 x 37.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844086.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 63 p.; 4 Plates: 17.05 x 37.31 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58660,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4086/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58661,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4086/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58662,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4086/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58663,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4086/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Pomme de Terre and Chippewa River Valleys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.016667,\n 46.116667\n ],\n [\n -95.75,\n 46.116667\n ],\n [\n -95.75,\n 45.766667\n ],\n [\n -95.633333,\n 45.766667\n ],\n [\n -95.633333,\n 45.416667\n ],\n [\n -95.5,\n 45.416667\n ],\n [\n -95.5,\n 45.15\n ],\n [\n -95.733333,\n 45.15\n ],\n [\n -95.733333,\n 44.966667\n ],\n [\n -95.833333,\n 44.966667\n ],\n [\n -96.1,\n 45.166667\n ],\n [\n -96.1,\n 45.416667\n ],\n [\n -96.016667,\n 45.416667\n ],\n [\n -96.016667,\n 46.116667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soukup, W.G.","contributorId":82732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soukup","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillies, D. C.","contributorId":53809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myette, C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29849,"text":"wri844278 - 1984 - Quantitative analysis of the hydrothermal system in Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lassen Known Geothermal Resource Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T19:22:52.092101","indexId":"wri844278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4278","title":"Quantitative analysis of the hydrothermal system in Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lassen Known Geothermal Resource Area","docAbstract":"The conceptual model of the Lassen system is termed a liquid-dominated hydrothermal system with a parasitic vapor-dominated zone. The essential feature of this model is that steam and steam-heated discharge at relatively high elevations in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) and liquid discharge with high chloride concentrations at relatively low elevations outside LVNP are both fed by an upflow of high-enthalpy two-phase fluid within the Park. Liquid flows laterally away from the upflow area towards the areas of high-chloride discharge, and steam rises through a vapor-dominated zone to feed the steam and steam-heated features. Numerical simulations show that several conditions are necessary for the development of this type of system, including (1) large-scale topographic relief, (2) an initial period of convective heating within an upflow zone followed by some change in hydrologic or geologic conditions that initiates drainage of liquid from portions of the upflow zone, and (3) low permeability barriers that inhibit the movement of cold water into the vapor zone. Simulations of thermal fluid withdrawal south of LVNP, carried out in order to determine the effects of such withdrawal on portions of the hydrothermal system within the Park, showed decreases in pressure and liquid saturation beneath the vapor zone which result in a temporary increase and subsequent decrease in the rate of upflow of steam.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844278","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 1984, Quantitative analysis of the hydrothermal system in Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lassen Known Geothermal Resource Area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4278, viii, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844278.","productDescription":"viii, 80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36121.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4278/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4278/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic Park and Lassen Known Geothermal Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -120.7012939453125,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -120.7012939453125,\n 40.91766362458114\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 40.91766362458114\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 40.01078714046552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685ecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}