Aquaculture supports a large sportfishing industry in Minnesota. Licensed fish farms that hatch and (or) harvest minnows or gamefish are located throughout the State. The volume of water used in these operations can be expressed as the minimum capacity per pound of fish, total water consumed, total water dedicated to the farming operation, or total water withdrawn.
\nIn expressing water dedicated to the farming operation, the total surface area of water bodies dedicated to aquaculture in Minnesota in 1984 was about 141,500 acres, based on interpretation of data reported in license applications. Water withdrawals to fish holding tanks amounted to 0.73 million gallons per day in 1984.
\nWater-use calculations address the possibility of errors in reporting. About 15 percent of the licensees use municipally supplied water for their holding tanks. One thermoelectric powerplant recently began reusing the heated water from its cooling towers to raise catfish.
\nLittle change in the number of licensees since 1980 -indicates that aquaculture is a viable segment of the Minnesota economy. Trout farming has grown from 10 farms in 1978, to 23 in 1984; most use dug ponds sustained by ground-water inflow. Withdrawals for aquaculture are nonconsumptive and are small compared to other water-use categories in Minnesota.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Trotta, L.C., 1988, Water use for aquaculture in Minnesota, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4159, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884159.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59002,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4159/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trotta, L. C.","contributorId":63410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trotta","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27531,"text":"wri874175 - 1988 - The effects of two multipurpose reservoirs on the water temperature of the McKenzie River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:19:27","indexId":"wri874175","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4175","title":"The effects of two multipurpose reservoirs on the water temperature of the McKenzie River, Oregon","docAbstract":"A one dimensional, unsteady-state temperature model using the equilibrium temperature approach (with air temperature used to estimate equilibrium temperature) is used to evaluate the effects of two Army Corps of Engineers dams and resulting reservoirs on the McKenzie River, from Delta Park (River Kilometer 99.9) to Leaburg Dam (River Kilometer 62.4). Both Corps of Engineers projects are on tributaries to the McKenzie River and at present have only bottom withdrawal capabilities. An effective top width parameter (ETW) was introduced into model calibrations to account for the high turbulence of the reach. Extensive data were collected from May to October, 1983 and 1984. Using these data, water temperatures were predicted to within 0.30 C mean absolute deviation (MAD) at Finn Rock (at River Kilometer 87.2, 4.5 km below the second tributary confluence) and near Vida (River Kilometer 76.8), and to within 0.40 C at Leaburg Dam (River Kilometer 62.4). Since these data represent hydrologic and meteorologic conditions over a very short period, analyses were extended to include three additional historic years and an average conditions year. The average conditions values were obtained by using the mean daily values for the period of record at key stations. Accuracy was lost when simulating historic years, since the only meteorological data available were collected outside the basin, and hence were less representative. Simulation of historic data showed that Corps of Engineers projects have little or no effect on water temperatures of the McKenzie River near Vida (River Kilometer 76.8) from the end of November to the end of May. Projects have a cooling effect from the beginning of June to the first part of September and a warming effect from the middle of September to the end of November. Warming and cooling effects average just over 1 C. There is little or no temperature effect during periods of flood control operation or reservoir filling. Cooling effects are due to conservation holding, when releases are cooler than inflows. Drafting of reservoirs in preparation for flood control causes a warming effect when heat stored in the upper water layers during conservation holding is released as reservoir water levels are lowered. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874175","usgsCitation":"Hansen, R.P., 1988, The effects of two multipurpose reservoirs on the water temperature of the McKenzie River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4175, v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874175.","productDescription":"v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65ddae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, R. P.","contributorId":106538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26743,"text":"wri884003 - 1988 - Preliminary evaluation of the hydrogeologic system in Owens Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri884003","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4003","title":"Preliminary evaluation of the hydrogeologic system in Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"A preliminary, two-layer, steady-state, groundwater flow model was used to evaluate present data and hydrologic concepts of Owens Valley, California. Simulations of the groundwater system indicate that areas where water levels are most affected by changes in recharge and discharge are near toes of alluvial fans and along the edge of permeable volcanic deposits. Sensitivity analysis for each model parameter shows that steady state simulations are most sensitive to uncertainties in evapotranspiration rates. Tungsten Hills, Poverty Hills, and Alabama Hills were found to act as virtually impermeable barriers to groundwater flow. Accurate simulation of the groundwater system between Bishop and Lone Pine appears to be possible without simulating the groundwater system in Round Valley, near Owens Lake, or in aquifer materials more than 1,000 ft below land surface. Although vast amounts of geologic and hydrologic data have been collected for Owens Valley, many parts of the hydrogeologic system have not been defined with sufficient detail to answer present water management questions. Location and extent of geologic materials that impede the vertical movement of water are poorly documented. The likely range of aquifer characteristics, except vertical hydraulic conductivity, is well known, but spatial distribution of these characteristics is not well documented. A set of consistent water budgets is needed, including one for surface water, groundwater, and the entire valley. The largest component of previous water budgets (evapotranspiration) is largely unverified. More definitive estimates of local gains and losses for Owens River are needed. Although groundwater pumpage from each well is measured, the quantity of withdrawal from different zones of permeable material has not been defined. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884003","usgsCitation":"Danskin, W., 1988, Preliminary evaluation of the hydrogeologic system in Owens Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4003, v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884003.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danskin, W.R. 0000-0001-8672-5501","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":22713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27872,"text":"wri874170 - 1988 - Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:16:00","indexId":"wri874170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4170","title":"Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Log-Pearson type III flood-frequency analyses were made of annual series peak-flow records from 246 gaging stations on unregulated streams in Minnesota having watersheds ranging in area from 0.08 to 2,520 square miles. These flood discharges were related to watershed and climatic characteristics by using multiple-regression techniques. On the basis of this preliminary regression analysis of the frequency-analysis results, the data from these stations were grouped into four hydrologically distinct regions for the State. Regression analyses were performed on data from each region relating the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence interval flood discharges to basin characteristics. The resulting regression equations, which may be used to estimate flood flows at ungaged sites, relate basin characteristics (contributing drainage area, main-channel slope, percent of basin covered by water, percent of basin covered by lakes, and mean annual runoff) to estimated flood flows. Different basin characteristics are significant for each of the four regions. Drainage area was found to be most significant and is included in all regional equations. Standard errors of estimate of the regression equations ranged from 33 to 60 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri874170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Jacques, J., and Lorenz, D., 1988, Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4170, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874170.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56696,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4170/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacques, J.E.","contributorId":79929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27629,"text":"wri874205 - 1988 - Statistical summaries of streamflow records in Oklahoma and parts of Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas through 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T20:01:43.050281","indexId":"wri874205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4205","title":"Statistical summaries of streamflow records in Oklahoma and parts of Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas through 1984","docAbstract":"Statistical summaries of streamflow records through 1984 for gaging stations in Oklahoma and parts of adjacent states are presented in this report. Records are presented for 148 stations with at least 10 years of unregulated or regulated streamflow. Streamflow at 70 of the stations is regulated for certain perdiods. Data for these periods were analyzed separately to account for changes in streamflow due to regulating structures.\r\nFor each gaging station, a brief description of the location, drainage area and period of record is given. For those stations with a regulated streamflow record, a brief regulation history is given also. This information is followed by tables of monthly and annual discharge statistics, low- and high-flow frequency statistics, peak-flow frequency statistics, and flow-duration statistics. Daily flow-duration hydrographs are included for most stations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874205","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., and Tortorelli, R.L., 1988, Statistical summaries of streamflow records in Oklahoma and parts of Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas through 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4205, iv, 387 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874205.","productDescription":"iv, 387 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407736,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46862.htm"},{"id":56496,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4205/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103,\n 33.6181\n ],\n [\n -94.4347,\n 33.6181\n ],\n [\n -94.4347,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 33.6181\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, D. C.","contributorId":38608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tortorelli, R. L.","contributorId":105755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26983,"text":"wri874082 - 1988 - A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in Sanborn and parts of Beadle, Miner, Hanson, Davison, and Jerauld counties, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri874082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4082","title":"A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in Sanborn and parts of Beadle, Miner, Hanson, Davison, and Jerauld counties, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The drought in South Dakota from 1974-76 and the near drought conditions in 1980-81 have resulted in increased demands on the groundwater resources within many of the irrigated areas of the James River basin in eastern South Dakota. These increases in demand for irrigation water from the glacial aquifer system, and continued requests to the State for additional irrigation well permits, have created a need for a systematic water management program to avoid over-development of this system in the James River basin. An equally spaced grid containing 56 rows and 52 columns used to simulate the glacial aquifer system, was calibrated using water level data collected before significant groundwater development (before 1973). The aquifer was also simulated in 11 annual transient stress periods from 1973 through 1983 and in 12 monthly transient stress periods for 1976. The simulated pre-development potentiometric heads were compared to average water levels from 32 observation wells to check the accuracy of the simulate potentiometric surface. The average arithmetic difference between the simulated and observed water levels was 1.68 ft and the average absolute difference was 4.38 ft. The non-pumping steady-state simulated water budget indicates that recharge from precipitation accounts for 97.1% of the water entering the aquifer and evapotranspiration accounts for 98.2% of the water leaving the aquifer. The sensitivity analysis of the steady-state model indicates that the model is most sensitive to reductions in recharge and least to changes in hydraulic conductivity. The maximum annual recharge varied from 0.10 inch in 1976 to 8.14 inches in 1977. The potential annual evapotranspiration varied from 29.9 inches in 1982 to 48.9 inches in 1976. Withdrawals from the glacial aquifer system increased 2.6 times between 1975 and 1976. The average annual arithmetic difference between the simulated and observed water levels ranged from 3.88 ft in 1974 to 2.23 ft in 1982; the average absolute difference ranged from 4.70 ft in 1973 to 11.70 ft in 1982. In the 1976 monthly transient simulation, the maximum annual recharge rate 0.10 inch was distributed over the months of March, April, and September. The potential monthly evapotranspiration rate ranged from 12.50 inches in August to 0.00 inch during the winter when the ground was frozen. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874082","usgsCitation":"Emmons, P., 1988, A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in Sanborn and parts of Beadle, Miner, Hanson, Davison, and Jerauld counties, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4082, v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874082.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55870,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmons, P.J.","contributorId":60630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30441,"text":"wri874277 - 1988 - Reconnaissance investigation of water-quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T22:28:34.000304","indexId":"wri874277","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4277","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water-quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87","docAbstract":"In 1986, the Department of the Interior conducted reconnaissance investigations in nine areas of the western conterminous United States to determine whether irrigation drainage has caused or has the potential to cause harmful effects to human health, fish, and wildlife, or may adversely affect the suitability of water for beneficial uses. Data collected in the lower Rio Grande valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge reconnaissance investigation indicate that concentrations of dissolved minor elements in water are small. The maximum dissolved concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium, selenium, and zinc exceed the 75th-percentile baseline values developed for the study; however, maximum dissolved concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and selenium exceeded the 75th-percentile baseline values by 1 microgram per liter or less. Concentrations of dissolved boron increased significantly from west to east. The smallest concentration of dissolved boron, 220 micrograms per liter, was detected in International Falcon Reservoir. The largest concentration of dissolved boron, 11,000 micrograms per liter, was detected on the refuge in Athel Pond.
\nNo chlorophenoxy herbicides were detected in water during the June 1986 sampling. Simazine, prometone, and atrazine were the only triazine herbicides detected, and concentrations of these herbicides did not exceed 0.8 microgram per liter. DDE, the only organochlorine Insecticide detected in water, was detected at two locations at concentrations of 0.01 micrograms per liter. Methyl parathion, malathion, and diazinon were the only organophosphorus compounds detected in the June 1986 sampling, and the maximum concentrations of these compounds were 0.75, 0.71, and 0.26 micrograms per liter, respectively. The analysis of three samples collected in August 1986 indicate that the types of pesticides collected during runoff were similiar to those detected during the June 1986 sampling. The exception was that the herbicide 2,4-D was detected during runoff.
\nConcentrations of dissolved cadmium exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater aquatic life in the Cayo Atascoso in the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. Chromium exceeded the acute and chronic freshwater criteria at four locations in the refuge and in the Laguna Madre. Chromium also exceeded the chronic saltwater criteria in Athel Pond. Concentrations of dissolved copper exceeded the acute and chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life at 13 locations. Mercury exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater and saltwater aquatic life at three locations, and dissolved nickel concentrations exceeded the chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life in the Rio Grande at Anzalduas Dam and in the Resaca de los Frenos near Russeltown.
\nNo organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated napthalenes, or polychlorinated biphenyl compounds were detected in four bed-sediment samples. DDE, an organochlorine insecticide, was detected in all four samples at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 34 micrograms per kilogram. Chlordane, ODD, DDE, DOT, and dieldrin were all detected in the Resaca de los Fresnos at U.S. Highway 77 at San Benito with concentrations of 4.0, 9.7, 9.3, 7.3, and 0.1 micrograms per kilogram, respectively. Data collected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1985 indicate that DDE was detected in approximately 75 percent of the bed sediment samples analyzed. The maximum concentration detected in that study was 6.0 micrograms per gram; the median concentration was 0.01 micrograms per gram.
\nMinor-element data from 22 fish samples indicate that the maximum concentrations of arsenic, copper, mercury, selenium, and zinc exceeded the 85thpercentile baseline concentrations established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program. None of the median concentrations of these minor elements exceeded the baseline concentrations. The maximum concentrations of aluminum, barium, iron, manganese, and tin were detected in fish collected from International Falcon Reservoir. This reservoir stratifies in the summer, and minor elements may be released from the bed sediments in the deep parts of the reservoir and incorporated into the food chain.
\nToxaphene was detected in 11 fish samples; detectable concentrations ranged from 0.98 to 5.1 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DOT also was detected in 11 fish samples with concentrations ranging from 0.021 to 0.066 micrograms per gram, wet weight. ODD was detected in 21 fish samples; concentrations ranged from 0.015 to 0.16 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DDE was detected in all 22 fish samples, and concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 9.9 micrograms per gram, wet weight. The maximum concentrations of DOT and ODD exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The median and maximum concentrations of toxaphene and DDE exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The largest concentrations of toxaphene, ODD, and DDE in fish were all measured in samples collected at the Main Floodway near Progreso.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874277","usgsCitation":"Wells, F.C., Jackson, G.A., and Rogers, W.J., 1988, Reconnaissance investigation of water-quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4277, Report: vi, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 16.52 x 11.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874277.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 16.52 x 11.82 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110250,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46922.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46922"},{"id":59221,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59220,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59222,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59219,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Lower Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.76032583739443\n ],\n [\n -97.2674560546875,\n 26.566419985978886\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 26.221983043453275\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 25.953105584547533\n ],\n [\n -97.25921630859375,\n 25.950635962446565\n ],\n [\n -97.33062744140625,\n 25.923466700919274\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 25.91111496561543\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -97.37182617187499,\n 25.84439325019514\n ],\n [\n -97.41851806640624,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -97.51739501953125,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -97.58331298828125,\n 25.94816628853973\n ],\n [\n -97.66845703124999,\n 26.02470207419855\n ],\n [\n -97.79205322265625,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.9595947265625,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -98.05847167968749,\n 26.04197744797015\n ],\n [\n -98.2122802734375,\n 26.061717616104055\n ],\n [\n -98.31390380859375,\n 26.12091815959972\n ],\n [\n -98.39080810546875,\n 26.162833742569937\n ],\n [\n -98.48419189453125,\n 26.207198534534083\n ],\n [\n -98.602294921875,\n 26.249083096330665\n ],\n [\n -98.67095947265625,\n 26.2318383390133\n ],\n [\n -98.7725830078125,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -98.81103515625,\n 26.367263860129366\n ],\n [\n -98.89617919921875,\n 26.350036674507894\n ],\n [\n -99.08294677734375,\n 26.40417061185344\n ],\n [\n -99.1131591796875,\n 26.436146919246013\n ],\n [\n -99.1021728515625,\n 26.48532391504829\n ],\n [\n -99.1241455078125,\n 26.522192867724723\n ],\n [\n -99.17083740234375,\n 26.539394329017057\n ],\n [\n -99.17083740234375,\n 26.571333057252076\n ],\n [\n -99.20928955078125,\n 26.723533628008123\n ],\n [\n -99.2340087890625,\n 26.748063090366852\n ],\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.76032583739443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63eb2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Frank C.","contributorId":80664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Gerry A.","contributorId":173587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Gerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, William J.","contributorId":173588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26978,"text":"wri884038 - 1988 - Surface-water hydrology of Hay Creek watershed, Montana, and West Branch Antelope Creek watershed, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T18:24:26.924718","indexId":"wri884038","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4038","title":"Surface-water hydrology of Hay Creek watershed, Montana, and West Branch Antelope Creek watershed, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Hydrologric data were used to determine the premining surface-water conditions in two small basins in the Fort Union coal region of Montana and North Dakota. The two streams. Hay Creek and West Branch Antelope Creek, are ephemeral. Most of the volume and peak discharges are due to snowmelt runoff. Little rainfall runoff occurs, and volume and peak discharges for this runoff are relatively small compared to those for snowmelt runoff
Suspended-sediment concentrations for snowmelt runoff ranged from 4 to 325 milligrams per liter for the Hay Creek and West Branch Antelope Creek watersheds. At the outflow site of the Hay Creek watershed, the dominant dissolved constituents in runoff are magnesium and sulfate; at the outflow site of the West Branch Antelope Creek watershed, they are calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and sulfate.
The U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was calibrated for both watersheds for the snowmelt runoff. The model was not calibrated for rainfall runoff because of insufficient runoff. Sensitivity analyses indicated the model was most sensitive to the values of snow correction for daily precipitation at precipitation gages, emissivity of the air for longwave radiation, and maximum available water-holding capacity of the soil profile. Testing of several watershed delineations showed that, for well-defined snow distribution, 23 units adequately defined the variability in runoff in the Hay Creek watershed, and 36 units adequately defined the variability in runoff in the West Branch Antelope Creek watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884038","usgsCitation":"Emerson, D.G., 1988, Surface-water hydrology of Hay Creek watershed, Montana, and West Branch Antelope Creek watershed, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4038, vii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884038.","productDescription":"vii, 111 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46961.htm","text":"Hay Creek","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466022,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46962.htm","text":"West Branch Antelope Creek","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.9556,\n 47.4083\n ],\n [\n -101.9556,\n 47.333\n ],\n [\n -101.85,\n 47.333\n ],\n [\n -101.85,\n 47.4083\n ],\n [\n -101.9556,\n 47.4083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.1667,\n 47.0433\n ],\n [\n -104.1667,\n 46.9497\n ],\n [\n -104.0692,\n 46.9497\n ],\n [\n -104.0692,\n 47.0433\n ],\n [\n -104.1667,\n 47.0433\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a6c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28233,"text":"wri884190 - 1988 - Reassessment of the Georgetown limestone as a hydrogeologic unit of the Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:38:41","indexId":"wri884190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4190","title":"Reassessment of the Georgetown limestone as a hydrogeologic unit of the Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas","docAbstract":"The Edwards aquifer consists of geologic units known as the Comanche Peak (oldest) and Edwards Limestones, Kiamichi Formation, and Georgetown Limestone. The Edwards Limestone is the main water-bearing zone. The shallow geologic units dip to the east-southeast at a slope of 50 to 100 feet per mile in the Georgetown area. The Edwards aquifer extends from the western limits of the outcrop to the transition zone from freshwater to saline water to the east. The downdip continuity of the geologic units is interrupted by several faults in the Balcones fault zone. The aquifer is recharged by the infiltration of precipitation and streamflow in the outcrop and is discharged by springs in the outcrop and by wells, evapotranspiration, and leakage through the overlying confining bed in the confined area. Streams in the area regionally flow from the west to the east.
\nA reassessment of the uppermost geologic unit of the Edwards aquifer, the Georgetown Limestone, was conducted in the Georgetown area, Texas, using: (1) data from six surveys of streamflow gains and losses and ground-water levels, (2) aquifer tests at three clusters of test wells, (3) variation in water-quality characteristics to indicate ground-water circulation, and (4) previous studies. Data from the six surveys did not show a pattern of corresponding streamflow gains and losses with positive (upward) and negative (downward) head differentials, respectively, between the main water-bearing zone of the Edwards aquifer and the streams. A consistent and corresponding pattern was shown only for the subreach containing Berry Springs.
\nThe aquifer tests consisted of \"slug\" test analyses to determine the transmissive characteristics of the Georgetown Limestone and produced 8 9 hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 1.4 X 10-8 to 2.8 X 10-9 centimeters per second at four of the six test wells. The other two test wells did not produce data suitable for conventional aquifer-test analysis.
\nAn analysis of the water-quality characteristics suggests that the Edwards Limestone and the streams have a significant hydraulic connection but the ground-water circulation between the Edwards Limestone and the Georgetown Limestone is very limited. The only area where a high degree of hydraulic connection between the main water-bearing zone of the Edwards aquifer (Edwards Limestone) and the streams was found is near the updip limits of the Georgetown Limestone, where a nearby major fault occurs and where major springs have developed. These findings suggest that the Georgetown Limestone does not function as a unit of the Edwards aquifer but as a regional confining bed with localized avenues that allow flow to and from the underlying Edwards aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri884190","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., and Dorsey, M., 1988, Reassessment of the Georgetown limestone as a hydrogeologic unit of the Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4190, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884190.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4190/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a6eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, L. F.","contributorId":17253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29811,"text":"wri884146 - 1988 - Estimation, analysis, sources, and verification of consumptive water use data in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T21:36:16.690138","indexId":"wri884146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4146","title":"Estimation, analysis, sources, and verification of consumptive water use data in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin provides water for many uses and for wildlife habitat; thus many groups have developed strategies to manage the basin 's water resource. The International Joint Commission (IJC) is reviewing and comparing available consumptive-use data to assess the magnitude and effect of consumptive uses under present projected economic and hydraulic conditions on lake levels. As a part of this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey compared its own estimates of consumptive use in the United States with those generated by (1) the International Great Lakes Diversions and (2) the IJC. The U.S. Geological Survey also developed two methods of calculating consumptive-use projections for 1980 through 2000; one method yields an estimate of 6,490 cu ft/s for the year 2000; the other yields an estimate of 8,330 cu ft/s. These two projections could be considered the upper and lower limits for the year 2000. The reasons for the varying estimates are differences in (1) methods by which base year values were developed, and (2) the methods or models that were used to project consumptive-use values for the future. Acquisition of consumptive-use data from water users or governmental agencies or ministries would be desirable to minimize reliance on estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884146","usgsCitation":"Snavely, D.S., 1988, Estimation, analysis, sources, and verification of consumptive water use data in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4146, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884146.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413791,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47055.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.34309234262025,\n 49.96207763484773\n ],\n [\n -92.34309234262025,\n 40.684336825120965\n ],\n [\n -70.33475867425648,\n 40.684336825120965\n ],\n [\n -70.33475867425648,\n 49.96207763484773\n ],\n [\n -92.34309234262025,\n 49.96207763484773\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27757,"text":"wri884122 - 1988 - Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:08:25","indexId":"wri884122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4122","title":"Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Effective management of ground-water resources requires knowledge of all components of the water budget for the aquifer of interest. Efforts to simulate ground-water flow prior to development and the effects of proposed pumping in several of North Dakota's shallow glacial aquifers have been hindered by the lack of reliable estimates of ground-water recharge. This study was done to (1) review the methods that have been used to measure recharge, (2) review the theory of unsaturated flow and the methods for characterizing the physical properties of unsaturated media, (3) consider the relative merits of a rigorous data-intensive approach versus an estimation approach to the study of recharge, and (4) review past and current agronomic research in North Dakota for applicability of the research and the data generated to the study of recharge.
Direct, quantitative techniques for evaluating recharge are rarely applied. The theory for computing fluxes in unsaturated media is well established and numerous physics-based models that effectively implement the theory are available, but the data required for the models generally are lacking. Many parametric approaches have been developed to avoid the large data requirements of the physics-based approaches for analyzing flow in the unsaturated zone. However, the parametric approaches normally include fitting coefficients that must be calibrated for every study site, thereby detracting from the general utility of the parametric approach.
The functional relation of matric potential to moisture content is required for physics-based soil-water models, whether analytic or numeric. Laboratory methods to determine these relations are tedious, costly, and may not give results representative of the soils as they occur in the field. Many models have been proposed to estimate the moisture-characteristic curve and hydraulic-conductivity function from basic soil properties, but none yield results that are universally satisfactory. In situ methods, because they require minimal disturbance of the soil profile and may be used repeatedly on the same soil mass, have become the preferred means for acquiring physical data, especially hydraulic conductivity. Hydro logic investigations, except for recent studies of hazardous-waste disposal sites, rarely have included physical characterizations of unsaturated media.
Any of four phenomena could hinder attempts to simulate unsaturated flow in settings typical of North Dakota; variability of soil properties, hysteresis, frozen ground, and macropore development. The spatial and temporal variability of soil properties probably is the greatest complicating phenomenon and must be dealt with by detailed characterization of the properties. Hysteresis can detract from the accuracy of flow calculations for some soils under certain conditions but, for the present, our scant knowledge of soil physical properties is a greater hindrance to reliable soi1-water mode 1 ing than is the hysteresis phenomenon. A1 though seasona1ly frozen ground undoubtedly affects hydrologic processes in North Dakota, much more research is needed before meaningful quantitative treatment is possible. Finally, macropores can influence soil-water movement significantly, but macropore development may not be common on the intensively farmed, coarse-textured soils that typically overlie North Dakota's glacial aquifers. Lysimetry currently is the only reliable means of analyzing macropore flow.
The soil-related research that has been conducted in North Dakota to date (1983) provides little of the type of information required to estimate ground-water recharge. Useful data could be developed by systematically evaluating the hydraulic characteristics of the prominent soil types overlying North Dakota's shallow glacial aquifers. These data would be required to enable use of a physics-based approach to estimating recharge. The size of the aquifer under study, its economic value, and the resources available for data collection should be considered when choosing between parametric or physics-based methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884122","usgsCitation":"Horak, W., 1988, Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4122, iv, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884122.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a80f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horak, W.F.","contributorId":82326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29508,"text":"wri874045 - 1988 - Evaluation of available data on the geohydrology, soil chemistry, and ground-water chemistry of Gas Works Park and surrounding region, Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri874045","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4045","title":"Evaluation of available data on the geohydrology, soil chemistry, and ground-water chemistry of Gas Works Park and surrounding region, Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"Gas Works Park, in Seattle, Washington, is located at the site of an abandon gasification plant on Lake Union. Wastes deposited during 50 years of plant operations (1906-1956) have extended the shore line 100 ft and left the park soil contaminated with a number of hazardous material. Soil contaminants include polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, cyanide, and metals. PAHs and metals have been detected in Lake Union sediments. Maximum total PAH concentrations exceeded 100 million micrograms/kilogram in some places in the soils of the park at 6-inch depths and in some lake sediments. Other contaminants present are much lower in concentrations. The park is on glacial drift overlain by gasification waste materials and clean fill. Waste materials include sand and gravels, mixed with lampblack, oil, bricks, and other industrial wastes. Groundwater flows through the soils and waste toward Lake Union. Vertical groundwater movement is uncertain, but is assumed to be upward near Lake Union. Concentrations of most soil contaminants are probably low in the groundwater and in Lake Union due to the low solubilities and high sorptive characteristics of these contaminants. However, no water quality data are available to confirm this premise. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874045","usgsCitation":"Sabol, M.A., Turney, G.L., and Ryals, G., 1988, Evaluation of available data on the geohydrology, soil chemistry, and ground-water chemistry of Gas Works Park and surrounding region, Seattle, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4045, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874045.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58351,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4045/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58352,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabol, M. A.","contributorId":36178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turney, G. L.","contributorId":95070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryals, G.N.","contributorId":47374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryals","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27337,"text":"wri864319 - 1988 - A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri864319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4319","title":"A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water","docAbstract":"A model was developed to be useful for predicting changes in streamflow as a result of groundwater pumping. The stream aquifer model is especially useful for simulating streams that flow intermittently owing to leakage to the aquifer or diversion for irrigation or streams that become perched owing to declining hydraulic head in the aquifer. The model couples the equation of two-dimensional groundwater flow with the kinematic equations of one-dimensional open-channel flow. Darcy 's law for vertical flow through a semipermeable streambed is used to couple the groundwater flow and streamflow equations. The equations of flow are approximated numerically by the finite-element method. A listing of the Fortran program that solves the equations of flow , and a description of data-input formats are given in the report. The program can simulate a variety of hydrologic characteristics including perched streams, streamflow diversions , springs, recharge from irrigated acreage, and evapotranspiration from the water table and phreatophytes. Time-dependent boundary conditions can be simulated. The program can be modified easily to simulate unconfined aquifers and aquifers with variable directions of anisotropy. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864319","usgsCitation":"Glover, K.C., 1988, A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4319, iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864319.","productDescription":"iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glover, K. C.","contributorId":14828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29221,"text":"wri884092 - 1988 - Effects of treated municipal effluent irrigation on ground water beneath sprayfields, Tallahassee, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T20:44:05.105198","indexId":"wri884092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4092","title":"Effects of treated municipal effluent irrigation on ground water beneath sprayfields, Tallahassee, Florida","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality data collection began in November 1979 at a spray-irrigation site near Tallahassee, Florida, before the initial application of secondary-treated municipal wastewater in November 1980. Effects of effluent irrigation on groundwater quality were evident about 1 year after spraying began and have continued to increase during the study period of 1983-85. Chloride and nitrate concentrations in groundwater have continued to increase since about 1 year after spraying began. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations have increased from 0.03 mg/L to as much as 11 mg/L in water from one well in the surficial aquifer and from 0.07 to 15 mg/L in one well in the Floridan aquifer system. The greatest increases in concentrations have occurred in water from wells that top the surficial and Floridan aquifers. Increase in concentration occurred in water from some wells in the Floridan outside and downgradient of pivots, indicating lateral movement within the Floridan. The increase in sodium concentrations has been similar to the in chloride concentrations. Increases increases in the concentrations of other inorganic constituents have been minor compared to increases in chloride, sodium and nitrate concentrations. Nine volatile organic halocarbon compounds were detected in 18 effluent samples. Low concentrations of two of these halocarbons--chloroform and trichloroethene (TCE)--were detected intermittently in water sampled from six wells. None of the organic compounds detected in effluent or groundwater exceeded Florida drinking water standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884092","usgsCitation":"Pruitt, J.B., Elder, J.F., and Johnson, I.K., 1988, Effects of treated municipal effluent irrigation on ground water beneath sprayfields, Tallahassee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4092, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884092.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411379,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47010.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58074,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4092/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tallahassee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.2111,\n 30.3967\n ],\n [\n -84.2111,\n 30.3467\n ],\n [\n -84.1767,\n 30.3467\n ],\n [\n -84.1767,\n 30.3967\n ],\n [\n -84.2111,\n 30.3967\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pruitt, J. B.","contributorId":56222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elder, J. F.","contributorId":54143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, I. K.","contributorId":36176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29495,"text":"wri884020 - 1988 - Hydrology of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake and water-level simulations of Devils Lake, northeastern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:22:37","indexId":"wri884020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4020","title":"Hydrology of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake and water-level simulations of Devils Lake, northeastern North Dakota","docAbstract":"High water levels of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake, North Dakota have, in recent years, caused flooding of cropland and county roads, thus disrupting agricultural interests. High water levels of Devils Lake pose a flood threat to the city of Devils Lake, Camp Grafton National Guard Camp, and road, sewer, and lagoon systems of several communities. The chain of lakes acts as an evaporation and storage basin. During the spring and summer of 1985, about 25,980 acre-feet of runoff flowed into the chain of lakes from upstream tributaries. About 10,180 acre-feet (about 39 percent) of that runoff flowed out of the chain of lakes. By September 30, 1985, about 440 acre-feet (less than 2 percent of the runoff that flowed into the chain of lakes) remained in storage in the chain of lakes upstream of Devils Lake. The other 15,360 acre-feet (about 59 percent of the runoff that flowed into the chain of lakes) was removed from the chain of lakes, mainly by evaporation.
High-runoff conditions for Devils Lake were simulated on the basis of records of hydrologic and climatologic data for the years 1985-2032, and a low-runoff condition for Devils Lake was simulated for the years 1985-1990. The January 1985 water level of 1,426.12 feet above sea level was used for the initial lake level. A combination of storage conditions in the upstream chain of lakes and different hydrologic and climatologic variables were used for the high-runoff-condition simulations. For existing storage conditions in the chain of lakes, Devils Lake would have a maximum water level ranging from 1,432.0 to 1,442.6 feet above sea level. For midlevel storage conditions, maximum water levels of Devils Lake would range from 1,432.4 to 1,441.4 feet above sea level. For highlevel storage conditions, maximum water levels of Devils Lake would range from 1,431.3 to 1,439.9 feet above sea level. The low-runoff condition simulation indicates that Devils Lake would have a minimum water level of 1,420.7 feet above sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884020","usgsCitation":"Ryan, G.L., and Wiche, G.J., 1988, Hydrology of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake and water-level simulations of Devils Lake, northeastern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4020, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884020.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58344,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Gerald L.","contributorId":43417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30463,"text":"wri864070 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York – Part 1: Hydrogeology and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T20:15:16.558902","indexId":"wri864070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4070","title":"Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York – Part 1: Hydrogeology and water quality","docAbstract":"Hydrogeology and water quality in a 4 sq mi area surrounding the Brookhaven landfill site in the Town of Brookhaven, New York, were studied in 1981-83. The 60-acre sanitary landfill at the site was excavated in highly permeable glacial outwash that forms the upper glacial aquifer and is lined with a polyvinyl chloride membrane. Groundwater beneath the site is under water table conditions and flows southeast at approximately 1.1 ft/day. Samples from wells downgradient indicate that leachate has entered the aquifer despite the liner. A plume 3,700 ft long , 2,400 ft wide, and at least 90 ft thick was delineated based on specific conductance data. Water quality in the Magothy aquifer and in Beaverdam Creek, a groundwater fed stream 2,000 ft southeast of the landfill site, does not appear to be affected. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864070","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., 1988, Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York – Part 1: Hydrogeology and water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4070, Report: vii, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 19.71 × 27.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864070.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 19.71 × 27.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36527.htm"},{"id":59243,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59242,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4070/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Brookhaven Landfill, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.908,\n 40.775\n ],\n [\n -72.9420,\n 40.775\n ],\n [\n -72.9420,\n 40.808\n ],\n [\n -72.908,\n 40.808\n ],\n [\n -72.908,\n 40.775\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, E. J.","contributorId":104931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30464,"text":"wri864207 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York. Part 3, simulation of solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T20:16:20.976767","indexId":"wri864207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4207","title":"Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York. Part 3, simulation of solute transport","docAbstract":"A solute transport model representing a 2.3-sq mi area surrounding and downgradient from a municipal landfill site in the Town of Brookhaven, N.Y. was used to simulate migration of a conservative solute (chloride) in the upper glacial aquifer. Aquifer values used in the model were: hydraulic conductivity, 200 ft/day; effective porosity, 0.30; longitudinal dispersivity, 100 ft; transverse dispersivity, 20 ft. Average concentration of chloride was set at 875.0 mg/L in leachate and 10 mg/L in recharge and in ambient groundwater. Entry of leachate into the aquifer was assumed to have begun in 1977. Chloride concentrations in the simulated plume after 6 years of travel matched reasonably well the chloride data collected in October-December 1982. After 12 years of travel, the simulated plume extended 6,200 ft and was 2,600 ft wide. Maximum predicted concentration at the site boundary was 160 mg/L. Additional simulations were made to test the model 's ability to predict the effect of several remedial strategies on the movement of solutes. These included capping the landfill with an impermeable surface, removal of contaminated groundwater through four recovery wells, and a combination of the first two actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864207","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., 1988, Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York. Part 3, simulation of solute transport: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4207, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864207.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394535,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36628.htm"},{"id":124105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.850955880778045\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.850955880778045\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.75453936473234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cdb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, E. J.","contributorId":104931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28645,"text":"wri894034 - 1988 - Ethylene dibromide (EDB) trends in the upper Floridan Aquifer, Seminole County, Georgia, October 1981 to November 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T09:43:48","indexId":"wri894034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4034","title":"Ethylene dibromide (EDB) trends in the upper Floridan Aquifer, Seminole County, Georgia, October 1981 to November 1987","docAbstract":"Results of an investigation to assess the persistence and trends of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in the Upper Floridan aquifer, in Georgia indicate that in November 1987, EDB was present in the groundwater 4 years after it was last applied as a soil fumigant in the intensively farmed area of central Seminole County. At that time, EDB was detected in water samples from one domestic well and four irrigation wells. Concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 micrograms/L to 3.3 micrograms/L. The investigation in November 1987 revealed the groundwater contamination was limited to the 4-sq-mi area in the vicinity of Buck Hole, a sinkhole in a swampy depression in the central part of the County. In three of the five wells in which EDB was detected, concentrations have not changed significantly since August 1983. However, in one irrigation well near Buck Hole, the concentration decreased from 110 to 0.7 microgram/L since October 1981. In another irrigation well near Buck Hole, the concentration decreased from 26 to about 2.5 microgram/L during that period. The groundwater level data indicate that from Buck Hole, the hydraulic gradient in the Upper Floridan aquifer is about 2.8 ft/mi toward the east. However, the movement of EDB from the area of relatively high concentration near Buck Hole in the direction of inferred flow lines is not apparent. Although concentration gradients were not detected along flow lines, the movement of water induced by pumping wells W4 and W5 produced short-term decreasing and increasing trends in EDB Concentrations in wells W4 and W5, respectively. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/wri894034","usgsCitation":"McConnell, J.B., 1988, Ethylene dibromide (EDB) trends in the upper Floridan Aquifer, Seminole County, Georgia, October 1981 to November 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4034, vi, 11 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894034.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57486,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Seminole County","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.078125,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -85.0946044921875,\n 31.37708906055048\n ],\n [\n -85.0946044921875,\n 31.339562861785012\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 31.292634058899516\n ],\n [\n -85.133056640625,\n 31.292634058899516\n ],\n [\n -85.1055908203125,\n 31.236288641793006\n ],\n [\n -85.111083984375,\n 31.18460913574325\n ],\n [\n -85.0726318359375,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -85.02319335937499,\n 31.09998179374943\n ],\n [\n -85.01220703125,\n 31.04822792454978\n ],\n [\n -85.0177001953125,\n 31.01057105944174\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 30.95876857077987\n ],\n [\n -84.96826171874999,\n 30.91636380602182\n ],\n [\n -84.9517822265625,\n 30.869225348040825\n ],\n [\n -84.9407958984375,\n 30.80791068136646\n ],\n [\n -84.92431640625,\n 30.760718908944472\n ],\n [\n -84.891357421875,\n 30.727670895047673\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -84.6881103515625,\n 30.774878871959746\n ],\n [\n -84.5892333984375,\n 30.93050081760779\n ],\n [\n -84.5123291015625,\n 31.16110911780645\n ],\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 31.363018491291182\n ],\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 31.44741029142872\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 31.42866311735861\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bf39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McConnell, J. B.","contributorId":25577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30465,"text":"wri864106 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:14:51.01401","indexId":"wri864106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4106","title":"Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow","docAbstract":"Data on the hydrogeology of a 26-sq-mi area surrounding the Brookhaven landfill site in central Suffolk County were collected as part of a hydrologic investigation of solute transport from the site. These data were used to develop a steady-state groundwater flow model of the upper glacial (water table) aquifer in the area. The model accounts for the leakage through confining units underlying the aquifer, seepage to streams, recharge from precipitation, and pumpage and redistribution of water. Refined estimates of aquifer and confining-unit properties were obtained through model calibrations. Water table altitudes generated by the calibrated model were used to determine groundwater velocities and probable flow paths in the vicinity of the site under long-term average hydrologic conditions. Groundwater velocities and probable flow paths in the study area were calculated from simulated water table altitudes generated by the calibrated flow model. Groundwater at the center of the site flows southeastward at a velocity of 1.1 ft/d. The report is the second in a three part series describing the hydrologic conditions and groundwater quality, groundwater flow, and solute transport in the vicinity of the Brookhaven landfill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864106","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., and Maus, P.E., 1988, Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4106, Report: vi, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 18.82 × 22.99 inches and 18.42 × 22.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864106.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 18.82 × 22.99 inches and 18.42 × 22.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59246,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59245,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36551.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.858\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.858\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, E. J.","contributorId":104931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maus, P. E.","contributorId":68787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maus","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28437,"text":"wri854213 - 1988 - Sediment loads, discharges, and yields in the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin, Clearfield and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania, June 1979 through September 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T20:13:52.495164","indexId":"wri854213","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4213","title":"Sediment loads, discharges, and yields in the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin, Clearfield and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania, June 1979 through September 1981","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, and sediment discharge data were collected from the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin from June 1979 through September 1981 to evaluate sediment discharges from an area in which erosion and sediment controls were being used on surface mined areas. Sediment yields from the basin averaged 144 tons/sq mi/year. During the study, 9,570 tons of sediment were transported from the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin. Increased monthly suspended-sediment loads were found after July 1980 when mined-area reclamation was accelerated. Beaver Run near Troutville discharged 576 tons of sediment, which was 7% of the load transported from the basin from December 1979 through September 1981. Turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration follow a linear relation throughout the range of measured values. Using this relation and the frequency distribution of suspended-sediment concentrations, the estimated turbidity levels in the stream were equal to or greater than 30 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (the level at which the streams become unusable as a public water source) approximately 15% of the time during the study. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854213","usgsCitation":"Loper, C.A., and Wetzel, K.L., 1988, Sediment loads, discharges, and yields in the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin, Clearfield and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania, June 1979 through September 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4213, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854213.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4213/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57239,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36360.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Clearfield County, Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"East Branch Mahoning Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.86,\n 40.943\n ],\n [\n -78.697,\n 40.943\n ],\n [\n -78.697,\n 41.036\n ],\n [\n -78.86,\n 41.036\n ],\n [\n -78.86,\n 40.943\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loper, C. A.","contributorId":89571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, K. L.","contributorId":14418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28999,"text":"wri884009 - 1988 - Fracture characterization and fracture-permeability estimation at the underground research laboratory in southeastern Manitoba, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri884009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4009","title":"Fracture characterization and fracture-permeability estimation at the underground research laboratory in southeastern Manitoba, Canada","docAbstract":"Various conventional geophysical well logs were obtained in conjunction with acoustic tube-wave amplitude and experimental heat-pulse flowmeter measurements in two deep boreholes in granitic rocks on the Canadian shield in southeastern Manitoba. The objective of this study is the development of measurement techniques and data processing methods for characterization of rock volumes that might be suitable for hosting a nuclear waste repository. One borehole, WRA1, intersected several major fracture zones, and was suitable for testing quantitative permeability estimation methods. The other borehole, URL13, appeared to intersect almost no permeable fractures; it was suitable for testing methods for the characterization of rocks of very small permeability and uniform thermo-mechanical properties in a potential repository horizon. Epithermal neutron , acoustic transit time, and single-point resistance logs provided useful, qualitative indications of fractures in the extensively fractured borehole, WRA1. A single-point log indicates both weathering and the degree of opening of a fracture-borehole intersection. All logs indicate the large intervals of mechanically and geochemically uniform, unfractured granite below depths of 300 m in the relatively unfractured borehole, URL13. Some indications of minor fracturing were identified in that borehole, with one possible fracture at a depth of about 914 m, producing a major acoustic waveform anomaly. Comparison of acoustic tube-wave attenuation with models of tube-wave attenuation in infinite fractures of given aperture provide permeability estimates ranging from equivalent single-fractured apertures of less than 0.01 mm to apertures of > 0.5 mm. One possible fracture anomaly in borehole URL13 at a depth of about 914 m corresponds with a thin mafic dike on the core where unusually large acoustic contrast may have produced the observed waveform anomaly. No indications of naturally occurring flow existed in borehole URL13; however, flowmeter measurements indicated flow at < 0.05 L/min from the upper fracture zones in borehole WRA1 to deeper fractures at depths below 800 m. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884009","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1988, Fracture characterization and fracture-permeability estimation at the underground research laboratory in southeastern Manitoba, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4009, 42 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884009.","productDescription":"42 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57866,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27569,"text":"wri884015 - 1988 - Description and hydrogeologic evaluation of nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas, 1984-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri884015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4015","title":"Description and hydrogeologic evaluation of nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas, 1984-86","docAbstract":"Wastes generated at nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas were disposed in open pits, 55-gal drums, or large storage tanks. These disposal methods have the potential to contaminate groundwater beneath the sites, the soil on the sites, and nearby surface water bodies. Various activities on the nine sites included production of diborane, transformer oil waste, production of soda ash, use of solvents for the manufacture of farm implements, reclamation of solvents and paints, oil-refinery wastes, meat packaging, and the manufacture and cleaning of tanker-truck tanks. Monitoring wells were installed upgradient and downgradient from the potential contamination source on each site. Strict decontamination procedures were followed to prevent cross contamination between well installations. Air-quality surveys were made on each site before other investigative procedures started. Hydrogeologic investigative techniques, such as terrain geophysical surveys, gamma-ray logs, and laboratory permeameter tests, were used. Groundwater level measurements provide data to determine the direction of flow. Groundwater contamination detected under the sites posed the greatest threat to the environment because of possible migration of contaminants by groundwater flow. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace metals were detected in the groundwater at several of the sites. Many of the same compounds detected in the groundwater also were detected in soil and bed-material samples collected onsite or adjacent to the sites. Several contaminants were detected in background samples of groundwater and soil. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884015","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., and Spruill, T., 1988, Description and hydrogeologic evaluation of nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas, 1984-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4015, vi, 73 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884015.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56434,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spruill, T.B.","contributorId":76747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27686,"text":"wri884149 - 1988 - Sediment loads in the Ventura River Basin, Ventura County, California, 1969-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri884149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4149","title":"Sediment loads in the Ventura River Basin, Ventura County, California, 1969-81","docAbstract":"To estimate the replenishment of beach sands by fluvial transport from the Ventura River, California sediment data collected during a 12-year period (1969-81) were used to develop relations between bedload and coarse-suspended-sediment loads and streamflow. These relations were used to calculate coarse-sediment and total-sediment loads from the Ventura River, and to assess the effects of major storms on sediment transport. Sediment data collected on an unregulated tributary over a 12-year period were used to assess effects of dam construction on sediment loads and to identify major sediment source areas in the Ventura basin. Total-sediment load from the Ventura River for the 12 years of data collection was 12,800,000 tons, of which 5,100,000 tons, or 40%, consisted of coarse material potentially available for replenishment of beach sands. Suspended-sediment transport was the dominant process supplying sediment to the coast, accounting for more than 98% of the coarse-sediment load. Higher streamflows carried proportionately more coarse-suspended sediment than low flows. Major storm events transported more than 96% of both total-sediment and course-sediment annual loads during three high-flow years. The sequence of storm events may influence storm-period sediment transport, as sediment removed rapidly during high flows is gradually replenished by hillslope processes. The sediment yield of the unregulated part of the basin was higher than that of the regulated part. Consideration of the trap efficiencies of reservoirs in the basin, however, indicates that actual yields may be highest in areas affected by impoundments. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884149","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., and McConaughy, C., 1988, Sediment loads in the Ventura River Basin, Ventura County, California, 1969-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4149, vii, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884149.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56538,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481de4b07f02db4df6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McConaughy, C.E.","contributorId":43776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConaughy","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27240,"text":"wri874072 - 1988 - Effect of erosion-control structures on sediment and nutrient transport, Edgewood Creek drainage, Lake Tahoe basin, Nevada, 1981-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri874072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4072","title":"Effect of erosion-control structures on sediment and nutrient transport, Edgewood Creek drainage, Lake Tahoe basin, Nevada, 1981-83","docAbstract":"Three sites in the Edgewood Creek basin with a combined drainage area of about 1.2 sq mi were selected to assess the effect of erosion-control structures along Nevada State Highway 207, on sediment and nutrient transport. The flow at site one is thought to have been largely unaffected by urban development, and was completely unaffected by erosion control structures. The flow at site two was from a basin affected by urban development and erosion control structures. Site three was downstream from the confluence of streams measured at sites one and two. Most data on streamflow and water quality were collected between June 1981 and May 1983 to assess the hydrologic characteristics of the three sites. As a result of the erosion control structures, mean annual concentrations of total sediment were reduced from about 24,000 to about 410 mg/l at site two and from about 1,900 to about 190 ml/l at site three. Sediment loads were reduced from about 240 to about 10 tons/year at site two and from about 550 to about 110 tons/year at site three. At site one, in contrast, mean concentrations and loads remained low throughout the study period. At site two, sediment particle size changed from predominately coarse prior to construction, to predominately fine thereafter; at site three, it changed from about half coarse sediments to predominately fine. Mean concentration and loads of total iron also were significantly reduced after construction at sites two and three, whereas mean concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus species did not change appreciably. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874072","usgsCitation":"Garcia, K.T., 1988, Effect of erosion-control structures on sediment and nutrient transport, Edgewood Creek drainage, Lake Tahoe basin, Nevada, 1981-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4072, vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874072.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56104,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6256da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, K. T.","contributorId":52613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28779,"text":"wri874069 - 1988 - Estimation of natural dissolved-solids discharge in the Upper Colorado River basin, Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri874069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4069","title":"Estimation of natural dissolved-solids discharge in the Upper Colorado River basin, Western United States","docAbstract":"A statistical method was developed to estimate monthly natural dissolved-solids discharge at selected sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Natural dissolved-solids discharge was defined as the rate of inorganic-solute flow past a specific site that would have occurred if there had been no water-resources development in the basin upstream from the site. The method used weighted least-squares regression to fit a model of dissolved-solids discharge as a function of streamflow and several variables representing development. After the model had been calibrated for an individual site, the development variables were assigned a value of zero to yield the relation between dissolved-solids discharge and streamflow for conditions of no upstream development. Natural dissolved-solids discharge was calculated using this relation and estimates of natural streamflow provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Limitations of the method included lack of data to verify estimates of the natural dissolved-solids discharge and to represent all the effects of development adequately. However, model statistics indicated a good fit to historical data. Also, the estimates of natural dissolved-solids-discharge had the expected monthly distribution and were consistent between upstream and downstream sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874069","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D., and Osen, L., 1988, Estimation of natural dissolved-solids discharge in the Upper Colorado River basin, Western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4069, v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874069.","productDescription":"v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osen, L.L.","contributorId":46993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}