{"pageNumber":"1494","pageRowStart":"37325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70041741,"text":"70041741 - 2013 - Quantifying tree mortality in a mixed species woodland using multitemporal high spatial resolution satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-16T11:28:06","indexId":"70041741","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying tree mortality in a mixed species woodland using multitemporal high spatial resolution satellite imagery","docAbstract":"Widespread tree mortality events have recently been observed in several biomes. To effectively quantify the severity and extent of these events, tools that allow for rapid assessment at the landscape scale are required. Past studies using high spatial resolution satellite imagery have primarily focused on detecting green, red, and gray tree canopies during and shortly after tree damage or mortality has occurred. However, detecting trees in various stages of death is not always possible due to limited availability of archived satellite imagery. Here we assess the capability of high spatial resolution satellite imagery for tree mortality detection in a southwestern U.S. mixed species woodland using archived satellite images acquired prior to mortality and well after dead trees had dropped their leaves. We developed a multistep classification approach that uses: supervised masking of non-tree image elements; bi-temporal (pre- and post-mortality) differencing of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red:green ratio (RGI); and unsupervised multivariate clustering of pixels into live and dead tree classes using a Gaussian mixture model. Classification accuracies were improved in a final step by tuning the rules of pixel classification using the posterior probabilities of class membership obtained from the Gaussian mixture model. Classifications were produced for two images acquired post-mortality with overall accuracies of 97.9% and 98.5%, respectively. Classified images were combined with land cover data to characterize the spatiotemporal characteristics of tree mortality across areas with differences in tree species composition. We found that 38% of tree crown area was lost during the drought period between 2002 and 2006. The majority of tree mortality during this period was concentrated in piñon-juniper (<i>Pinus edulis-Juniperus monosperma</i>) woodlands. An additional 20% of the tree canopy died or was removed between 2006 and 2011, primarily in areas experiencing wildfire and management activity. -Our results demonstrate that unsupervised clustering of bi-temporal NDVI and RGI differences can be used to detect tree mortality resulting from numerous causes and in several forest cover types.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.029","usgsCitation":"Garrity, S.R., Allen, C.D., Brumby, S.P., Gangodagamage, C., McDowell, N.G., and Cai, D.M., 2013, Quantifying tree mortality in a mixed species woodland using multitemporal high spatial resolution satellite imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 129, p. 54-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.029.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-041894","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"129","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c8561ee4b03bc63bd679ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrity, Steven R.","contributorId":43648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumby, Steven P.","contributorId":31276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumby","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gangodagamage, Chandana","contributorId":60922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangodagamage","given":"Chandana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDowell, Nate G.","contributorId":46839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nate","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cai, D. Michael","contributorId":81383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041615,"text":"70041615 - 2013 - Hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for predicting multiple forest variables using waveform LiDAR, hyperspectral imagery, and large inventory datasets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T21:00:49","indexId":"70041615","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for predicting multiple forest variables using waveform LiDAR, hyperspectral imagery, and large inventory datasets","docAbstract":"In this paper we detail a multivariate spatial regression model that couples LiDAR, hyperspectral and forest inventory data to predict forest outcome variables at a high spatial resolution. The proposed model is used to analyze forest inventory data collected on the US Forest Service Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF), ME, USA. In addition to helping meet the regression model's assumptions, results from the PEF analysis suggest that the addition of multivariate spatial random effects improves model fit and predictive ability, compared with two commonly applied modeling approaches. This improvement results from explicitly modeling the covariation among forest outcome variables and spatial dependence among observations through the random effects. Direct application of such multivariate models to even moderately large datasets is often computationally infeasible because of cubic order matrix algorithms involved in estimation. We apply a spatial dimension reduction technique to help overcome this computational hurdle without sacrificing richness in modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007","usgsCitation":"Finley, A., Banerjee, S., Cook, B.D., and Bradford, J.B., 2013, Hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for predicting multiple forest variables using waveform LiDAR, hyperspectral imagery, and large inventory datasets: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 22, p. 147-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-032166","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263867,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.08,42.97 ], [ -71.08,47.46 ], [ -66.95,47.46 ], [ -66.95,42.97 ], [ -71.08,42.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c4618be4b0e44331d0716c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finley, Andrew O.","contributorId":70666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Andrew O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banerjee, Sudipto","contributorId":73894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banerjee","given":"Sudipto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Bruce D.","contributorId":75402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041583,"text":"70041583 - 2013 - Response of palila and other subalpine Hawaiian forest bird species to prolonged drought and habitat degradation by feral ungulates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:11:56","indexId":"70041583","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of palila and other subalpine Hawaiian forest bird species to prolonged drought and habitat degradation by feral ungulates","docAbstract":"Extinction has claimed half of all historically-known Hawaiian passerines, and today many extant species are increasingly threatened due to the combined effects of invasive species and climate change. Habitat disturbance has affected populations of feeding specialists most profoundly, and our results indicate that specialists continue to be most vulnerable, although even some abundant, introduced, generalist species also may be affected. Surveys of passerines during 1998–2011 in subalpine woodland habitat on Mauna Kea Volcano, Island of Hawai′i, revealed that the abundance of the critically endangered palila (<i>Loxioides bailleui</i>), a seed specialist, declined by 79% after 2003. The ′akiapōlā′au (<i>Hemignathus munroi</i>), an endangered specialist insectivore, was not detected in the survey area after 1998. The Hawai′i ′amakihi (<i>Hemignathus virens virens</i>), a generalist feeder and the most abundant species on Mauna Kea, was the only native species to maintain a stable population. The Japanese white-eye (<i>Zosterops japonicus</i>), a well-entrenched generalist and one of the three most common introduced species, declined. Drought prevailed in 74% of months during 2000–2011, and dry conditions contributed to the recent decline of the palila by reducing the annual māmane (<i>Sophora chrysophylla</i>) seed pod crop, which influences palila breeding and survival. Sustained browsing by introduced ungulates also lowered habitat carrying capacity, and their elimination should reduce the effects of drought and promote forest restoration. Our results illustrate how the feeding ecology of a species can influence its response to interacting environmental perturbations, and they underscore the value of long-term monitoring to detect population trends of sensitive species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.013","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Camp, R., Farmer, C., Brinck, K., Leonard, D., and Stephens, R., 2013, Response of palila and other subalpine Hawaiian forest bird species to prolonged drought and habitat degradation by feral ungulates: Biological Conservation, v. 157, p. 70-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.013.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-038330","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263888,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.31,18.91 ], [ -178.31,28.4 ], [ -154.81,28.4 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -178.31,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"157","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46198e4b0e44331d07178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Chris cfarmer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Chris","email":"cfarmer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brinck, Kevin W.","contributorId":78215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinck","given":"Kevin W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leonard, David L.","contributorId":105191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"David L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, Robert M.","contributorId":11083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041576,"text":"70041576 - 2013 - Global change effects on <i>Bromus tectorum</i> L. (Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T16:25:58","indexId":"70041576","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global change effects on <i>Bromus tectorum</i> L. (Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin","docAbstract":"Global change is likely to affect invasive species distribution, especially at range margins. In the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, USA, the invasive annual grass, <i>Bromus tectorum</i>, is patchily distributed and its impacts have been minimal compared with other areas of the Intermountain West. We used a series of in situ field manipulations to determine how <i>B. tectorum</i> might respond to changing climatic conditions and increased nitrogen deposition at the high-elevation edge of its invaded range. Over 3 years, we used snow fences to simulate changes in snowpack, irrigation to simulate increased frequency and magnitude of springtime precipitation, and added nitrogen (N) at three levels (0, 5, and 10 g m<sup>-2</sup>) to natural patches of <i>B. tectorum</i> growing under the two dominant shrubs, <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> and <i>Purshia tridentata</i>, and in intershrub spaces (INTR). We found that <i>B. tectorum</i> seedling density in April was lower following deeper snowpack possibly due to delayed emergence, yet there was no change in spikelet production or biomass accumulation at the time of harvest. Additional spring rain events increased <i>B. tectorum</i> biomass and spikelet production in INTR plots only. Plants were primarily limited by water in 2009, but colimited by N and water in 2011, possibly due to differences in antecedent moisture conditions at the time of treatments. The threshold at which N had an effect varied with magnitude of water additions. Frequency of rain events was more influential than magnitude in driving <i>B. tectorum</i> growth and fecundity responses. Our results suggest that predicted shifts from snow to rain could facilitate expansion of <i>B. tectorum</i> at high elevation depending on timing of rain events and level of N deposition. We found evidence for P-limitation at this site and an increase in P-availability with N additions, suggesting that stoichiometric relationships may also influence <i>B. tectorum</i> spread.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12032","usgsCitation":"Concilio, A.L., Loik, M., and Belnap, J., 2013, Global change effects on <i>Bromus tectorum</i> L. (Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin: Global Change Biology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12032.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-036997","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263864,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12032"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31028e4b0b57f2415d196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Concilio, Amy L.","contributorId":28871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Concilio","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loik, Michael E.","contributorId":101162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loik","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041495,"text":"70041495 - 2013 - Changes in size and trends of North American sea duck populations associated with North Pacific oceanic regime shifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:41:50","indexId":"70041495","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in size and trends of North American sea duck populations associated with North Pacific oceanic regime shifts","docAbstract":"Broad-scale multi-species declines in populations of North American sea ducks for unknown reasons is cause for management concern. Oceanic regime shifts have been associated with rapid changes in ecosystem structure of the North Pacific and Bering Sea. However, relatively little is known about potential effects of these changes in oceanic conditions on marine bird populations at broad scales. I examined changes in North American breeding populations of sea ducks from 1957 to 2011 in relation to potential oceanic regime shifts in the North Pacific in 1977, 1989, and 1998. There was strong support for population-level effects of regime shifts in 1977 and 1989, but little support for an effect of the 1998 shift. The continental-level effects of these regime shifts differed across species groups and time. Based on patterns of sea duck population dynamics associated with regime shifts, it is unclear if the mechanism of change relates to survival or reproduction. Results of this analysis support the hypothesis that population size and trends of North American sea ducks are strongly influenced by oceanic conditions. The perceived population declines appear to have halted >20 years ago, and populations have been relatively stable or increasing since that time. Given these results, we should reasonably expect dramatic changes in sea duck population status and trends with future oceanic regime shifts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00227-012-2062-y","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., 2013, Changes in size and trends of North American sea duck populations associated with North Pacific oceanic regime shifts: Marine Biology, v. 160, no. 1, p. 59-65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2062-y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-040286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263798,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2062-y"}],"volume":"160","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31009e4b0b57f2415d17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041492,"text":"70041492 - 2013 - Warming and the dependence of limber pine (<i>Pinus flexilis</i>) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T20:57:43","indexId":"70041492","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming and the dependence of limber pine (<i>Pinus flexilis</i>) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range","docAbstract":"Continued changes in climate are projected to alter the geographic distributions of plant species, in part by affecting where individuals can establish from seed. We tested the hypothesis that warming promotes uphill redistribution of subalpine tree populations by reducing cold limitation at high elevation and enhancing drought stress at low elevation. We seeded limber pine (Pinus flexilis) into plots with combinations of infrared heating and water addition treatments, at sites positioned in lower subalpine forest, the treeline ecotone, and alpine tundra. In 2010, first-year seedlings were assessed for physiological performance and survival over the snow-free growing season. Seedlings emerged in midsummer, about 5–8 weeks after snowmelt. Low temperature was not observed to limit seedling photosynthesis or respiration between emergence and October, and thus experimental warming did not appear to reduce cold limitation at high elevation. Instead, gas exchange and water potential from all sites indicated a prevailing effect of summer moisture stress on photosynthesis and carbon balance. Infrared heaters raised soil growing degree days (base 5 °C, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and August–September mean soil temperature (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Despite marked differences in vegetation cover and meteorological conditions across sites, volumetric soil moisture content (θ) at 5–10 cm below 0.16 and 0.08 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>-3</sup> consistently corresponded with moderate and severe indications of drought stress in midday stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and respiration. Seedling survival was greater in watered plots than in heated plots (<i>p</i> = 0.01), and negatively related to soil growing degree days and duration of exposure to θ < 0.08 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>-3</sup> in a stepwise linear regression model (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). We concluded that seasonal moisture stress and high soil surface temperature imposed a strong limitation to limber pine seedling establishment across a broad elevation gradient, including at treeline, and that these limitations are likely to be enhanced by further climate warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0","usgsCitation":"Moyes, A.B., Castanha, C., Germino, M., and Kueppers, L.M., 2013, Warming and the dependence of limber pine (<i>Pinus flexilis</i>) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range: Oecologia, v. 171, no. 1, p. 271-282, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"282","ipdsId":"IP-037110","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263779,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Niwot Ridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.1952,39.8473 ], [ -106.1952,40.9977 ], [ -105.1904,40.9977 ], [ -105.1904,39.8473 ], [ -106.1952,39.8473 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31043e4b0b57f2415d1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyes, Andrew B.","contributorId":66981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyes","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castanha, Cristina","contributorId":104787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castanha","given":"Cristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":89778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041497,"text":"70041497 - 2013 - Terrestrial and marine trophic pathways support young-of-year growth in a nearshore Arctic fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T16:13:48","indexId":"70041497","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial and marine trophic pathways support young-of-year growth in a nearshore Arctic fish","docAbstract":"River discharge supplies nearshore communities with a terrestrial carbon source that is often reflected in invertebrate and fish consumers. Recent studies in the Beaufort Sea have documented widespread terrestrial carbon use among invertebrates, but only limited use among nearshore fish consumers. Here, we examine the carbon source and diet of rapidly growing young-of-year Arctic cisco (<i>Coregonus autumnalis</i>) using stable isotope values (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) from muscle and diet analysis (stomach contents) during a critical and previously unsampled life stage. Stable isotope values (δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C) may differentiate between terrestrial and marine sources and integrate over longer time frames (weeks). Diet analysis provides species-specific information, but only from recent foraging (days). Average δ<sup>13</sup>C for all individuals was −25.7 ‰, with the smallest individuals possessing significantly depleted δ<sup>13</sup>C values indicative of a stronger reliance of terrestrial carbon sources as compared to larger individuals. Average δ<sup>15</sup>N for all individuals was 10.4 ‰, with little variation among individuals. As fish length increased, the proportion of offshore <i>Calanus</i> prey and neritic <i>Mysis</i> prey increased. Rapid young-of-year growth in Arctic cisco appears to use terrestrial carbon sources obtained by consuming a mixture of neritic and offshore zooplankton. Shifts in the magnitude or phenology of river discharge and the delivery of terrestrial carbon may alter the ecology of nearshore fish consumers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00300-012-1244-x","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Zimmerman, C.E., Cohn, B.R., and Welker, J., 2013, Terrestrial and marine trophic pathways support young-of-year growth in a nearshore Arctic fish: Polar Biology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1244-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-040605","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1NVS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Arctic cisco stomach content data, Prudhoe Bay, August 2009"},{"id":438794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CZ3571","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Arctic cisco stable isotope data, Prudhoe Bay August 2009"},{"id":263838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263837,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1244-x"}],"otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.11,66.35 ], [ -156.11,74.68 ], [ -104.0,74.68 ], [ -104.0,66.35 ], [ -156.11,66.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c3103de4b0b57f2415d1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, Brian R.","contributorId":91381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welker, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":93790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162404,"text":"70162404 - 2013 - Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T15:14:54","indexId":"70162404","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-06T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta","docAbstract":"<p><span>Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields is of environmental concern because of its potential impact on water quality in streams and lakes. The Mississippi Delta has long been known for its fish productivity and recreational value, but high levels of P in fresh water can lead to algal blooms that have many detrimental effects on natural ecosystems. Algal blooms interfere with recreational and aesthetic water use. However, few studies have evaluated P losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta. To better understand the processes influencing P loss, rainfall, surface runoff, sediment, ortho-P (orthophosphate, PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&ndash;P), and total P (TP) were measured (water years 1996&ndash;2000) for two subwatersheds (UL1 and UL2) of the Deep Hollow Lake Watershed and one subwatershed of the Beasley Lake Watershed (BL3) primarily in cotton production in the Mississippi Delta. Ortho-P concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1.0&nbsp;mg/L with a mean of 0.17&nbsp;mg/L at UL1 (17.0&nbsp;ha), 0.36&nbsp;mg/L at UL2 (11.2&nbsp;ha) and 0.12&nbsp;mg/L at BL3 (7.2&nbsp;ha). The TP concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 7.9&nbsp;mg/L with a mean of 0.96&nbsp;mg/L at UL1, 1.1&nbsp;mg/L at UL2 and 1.29&nbsp;mg/L at BL3. Among the three sites, UL1 and UL2 received P&nbsp;application in October 1998, and BL3 received P applications in the spring of 1998 and 1999. At UL1, ortho-P concentrations were 0.36, 0.25 and 0.16 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P&nbsp;application, respectively; At UL2, ortho-P concentrations were 1.0, 0.66 and 0.65 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively; and at BL3, ortho-P concentrations were 0.11, 0.22 and 0.09 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively. P fertilizer application did influence P losses, but high P concentrations observed in surface runoff were not always a direct result of P fertilizer application or high rainfall. Application of P in the fall (UL1 and UL2) resulted in more ortho-P losses, likely because high rainfall often occurred in the winter months soon after application. The mean ortho-P concentrations were higher at UL1 and UL2 than those at BL3, although BL3 received more P application during the monitoring period, because P was applied in spring at BL3. However, tillage associated with planting and incorporating applied P in the spring (BL3) may have resulted in more TP loss in sediment, thus the mean TP concentration was the highest at BL3. Ortho-P loss was correlated with surface runoff; and TP loss was correlated with sediment loss. These results indicate that applying P fertilizer in the spring may be recommended to reduce potential ortho-P loss during the fallow winter season; in addition, conservation practices may reduce potential TP loss associated with soil loss.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.028","usgsCitation":"Yuan, Y., Locke, M.A., Bingner, R.L., and Rebich, R.A., 2013, Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 115, p. 14-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.028.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042679","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Leflore County, Sunflower County","otherGeospatial":"Beasley Lake watershed, Deep Hollow Lake watershed, Mississippi Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.76492309570312,\n              33.27084277265288\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.76492309570312,\n              33.47956309444182\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.09201049804688,\n              33.47956309444182\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.09201049804688,\n              33.27084277265288\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.76492309570312,\n              33.27084277265288\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360c0e4b0b28f1183bc12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, Yongping","contributorId":75799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"Yongping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Martin A.","contributorId":152468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locke","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bingner, Ronald L.","contributorId":152469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bingner","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":589416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041369,"text":"70041369 - 2013 - Disturbance metrics predict a wetland Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T11:45:22","indexId":"70041369","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance metrics predict a wetland Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity","docAbstract":"Indices of biological integrity of wetlands based on vascular plants (VIBIs) have been developed in many areas in the USA. Knowledge of the best predictors of VIBIs would enable management agencies to make better decisions regarding mitigation site selection and performance monitoring criteria. We use a novel statistical technique to develop predictive models for an established index of wetland vegetation integrity (Ohio VIBI), using as independent variables 20 indices and metrics of habitat quality, wetland disturbance, and buffer area land use from 149 wetlands in Ohio, USA. For emergent and forest wetlands, predictive models explained 61% and 54% of the variability, respectively, in Ohio VIBI scores. In both cases the most important predictor of Ohio VIBI score was a metric that assessed habitat alteration and development in the wetland. Of secondary importance as a predictor was a metric that assessed microtopography, interspersion, and quality of vegetation communities in the wetland. Metrics and indices assessing disturbance and land use of the buffer area were generally poor predictors of Ohio VIBI scores. Our results suggest that vegetation integrity of emergent and forest wetlands could be most directly enhanced by minimizing substrate and habitat disturbance within the wetland. Such efforts could include reducing or eliminating any practices that disturb the soil profile, such as nutrient enrichment from adjacent farm land, mowing, grazing, or cutting or removing woody plants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.009","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Mack, J., Adams, J.V., Gara, B., and Micacchion, M., 2013, Disturbance metrics predict a wetland Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity: Ecological Indicators, v. 24, p. 120-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-038434","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263671,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.009"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb876e4b01744973f7792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, John","contributorId":47665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gara, Brian","contributorId":52061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gara","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Micacchion, Mick","contributorId":21511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micacchion","given":"Mick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041314,"text":"70041314 - 2013 - Effects of road decommissioning on carbon stocks, losses, and emissions in north coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:39:47","indexId":"70041314","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of road decommissioning on carbon stocks, losses, and emissions in north coastal California","docAbstract":"During the last 3 decades, many road removal projects have been implemented on public and private lands in the United States to reduce erosion and other impacts from abandoned or unmaintained forest roads. Although effective in decreasing sediment production from roads, such activities have a carbon (C) cost as well as representing a carbon savings for an ecosystem. We assessed the carbon budget implications of 30 years of road decommissioning in Redwood National Park in north coastal California. Road restoration techniques, which evolved during the program, were associated with various carbon costs and savings. Treatment of 425 km of logging roads from 1979 to 2009 saved 72,000 megagrams (Mg) C through on-site soil erosion prevention, revegetation, and soil development on formerly compacted roads. Carbon sequestration will increase in time as forests and soils develop more fully on the restored sites. The carbon cost for this road decommissioning work, based on heavy equipment and vehicle fuel emissions, short-term soil loss, and clearing of vegetation, was 23,000 Mg C, resulting in a net carbon savings of 49,000 Mg C to date. Nevertheless, the degree to which soil loss is a carbon sink or source in steep mountainous watersheds needs to be further examined. The ratio of carbon costs to savings will differ by ecosystem and road removal methodology, but the procedure outlined here to assess carbon budgets on restoration sites should be transferable to other systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00911.x","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Seney, J., and van Mantgem, P., 2013, Effects of road decommissioning on carbon stocks, losses, and emissions in north coastal California: Restoration Ecology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 439-446, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00911.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"446","ipdsId":"IP-036690","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263636,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00911.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bdc9f9e4b0f63017347673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seney, Joseph","contributorId":53265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seney","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Mantgem, Philip","contributorId":17506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70056383,"text":"70056383 - 2013 - Regional geophysical expression of a carbonatite terrane in the eastern Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T15:05:12.405412","indexId":"70056383","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T09:34:18","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Regional geophysical expression of a carbonatite terrane in the eastern Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"<p>A world-class, rare earth element carbonatite deposit is located near Mountain Pass, in the eastern Mojave Desert of California and is hosted by Proterozoic rocks that extend along the eastern margins of the Clark Mountain Range, Mescal Range, and Ivanpah Mountains in a north-northwest trending fault-bounded block. This Proterozoic block is generally composed of a complex of 1.7 - 1.6 Ga gneisses and schists that are intruded by ~1.4 Ga carbonatite and ultrapotassic mafic dikes. In the latter suite, common intrusive rock types include shonkinite, syenite, and alkali granites that are associated with carbonatite dikes. Regional geophysical data reveal that the carbonatite deposit itself occurs along the northeast edge of a prominent magnetic high with an amplitude of 200 nanoteslas, which appears to be related to the surrounding Proterozoic block. More than 340 gravity stations and 155 physical property samples were collected to augment existing geophysical data to determine the geophysical and geologic setting of the eastern Mojave Desert carbonatite terrane. Physical properties of representative rock types in the area show that 23 samples of carbonatite ore have an average saturated bulk density of 2,866 with a range of 2,440 to 3,192 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and a magnetic susceptibility of 0.22 with a range of 0.03 to 0.61x 10<sup>-3</sup> SI units, 17 samples of syenite have an average saturated bulk density of 2,670 with a range of 2,555 to 2,788 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and a magnetic susceptibility of 3.50 with a range of 0.19 to 11.46 x 10<sup>-3</sup> SI units, 19 samples of shonkinite dike have an average saturated bulk density of 2,800 with a range of 2,603 to 3,000 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and a magnetic susceptibility of 0.71 with a range of 0.00 to 4.44 x 10<sup>-3</sup> SI units, and 28 samples of Proterozoic gneiss have an average saturated bulk density of 2,734 with a range of 2,574 to 3,086 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and a magnetic susceptibility of 1.23 with a range of 0.01 to 7.48 x 10<sup>-3</sup> SI units. In general, carbonatites have distinctive gravity, magnetic, and radiometric signatures because these deposits are relatively dense, have primary magnetite, and are enriched in thorium or uranium. In this case, because the carbonatite rocks in this Proterozoic terrane are themselves essentially nonmagnetic, they are not the source of the magnetic high associated with the Clark Mountain and Mescal Ranges. Instead, we suggest that weakly to moderately magnetic syenite intrusions or other granitic or metamorphic rocks in the region are the source of the magnetic high. Gravity data indicate that basins within the eastern Mojave carbonatite terrane are complicated. For example, a gravity high in the northern part of Ivanapah Valley suggest that the basin is underlain by shallow basement rocks, whereas the southern part of Ivanpah Valley extends to a depth of about 2 km. Combined gravity, magnetic, and geologic studies improve the current geophysical framework and structural interpretation of the eastern Mojave Desert carbonatite terrane.</p>","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union 45th Annual Fall Meeting","conferenceDate":"December 12, 2012","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Denton, K.M., and Miller, D., 2013, Regional geophysical expression of a carbonatite terrane in the eastern Mojave Desert, California.","ipdsId":"IP-051611","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b67b7fe4b014fc094d5471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denton, Kevin M. 0000-0001-9604-4021 kmdenton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4021","contributorId":5303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"Kevin","email":"kmdenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041097,"text":"70041097 - 2013 - Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T20:33:10","indexId":"70041097","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province","docAbstract":"Jurassic kimberlites in the southern Superior Province in northern Michigan contain a variety of possible lower-crustal xenoliths, including mafic garnet granulites, rare garnet-free granulites, amphibolites and eclogites. Whole-rock major-element data for the granulites suggest affinities with tholeiitic basalts. P–T estimates for granulites indicate peak temperatures of 690–730°C and pressures of 9–12 kbar, consistent with seismic estimates of crustal thickness in the region. The granulites can be divided into two groups based on trace-element characteristics. Group 1 granulites have trace-element signatures similar to average Archean lower crust; they are light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched, with high La/Nb ratios and positive Pb anomalies. Most plot to the left of the geochron on a <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>€204</sup>Pb vs <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>€204</sup>Pb diagram, and there was probably widespread incorporation of Proterozoic to Archean components into the magmatic protoliths of these rocks. Although the age of the Group 1 granulites is not well constrained, their protoliths appear to be have been emplaced during the Mesoproterozoic and to be older than those for Group 2 granulites. Group 2 granulites are also LREE-enriched, but have strong positive Nb and Ta anomalies and low La/Nb ratios, suggesting intraplate magmatic affinities. They have trace-element characteristics similar to those of some Mid-Continent Rift (Keweenawan) basalts. They yield a Sm–Nd whole-rock errorchron age of 1046 ± 140 Ma, similar to that of Mid-Continent Rift plume magmatism. These granulites have unusually radiogenic Pb isotope compositions that plot above the <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>€204</sup>Pb vs <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>€204</sup>Pb growth curve and to the right of the 4·55 Ga geochron, and closely resemble the Pb isotope array defined by Mid-Continent Rift basalts. These Pb isotope data indicate that ancient continental lower crust is not uniformly depleted in U (and Th) relative to Pb. One granulite xenolith, S69-5, contains quartz, and has a unique peraluminous composition. It has the lowest εNd and εHf values of the suite. Its isotopic compositions indicate that it is significantly older than the other granulites. Broken zircon cores encased by younger overgrowths suggest that this granulite includes a large component of pre-existing sedimentary rocks. Two distinct populations of zircons from S69-5 were dated by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe. Abundant rounded zircons yield ages of 1104 ± 42 (2σ) Ma, which coincide with the Mid-Continent Rift flood basalt eruptions. Their morphology is similar to those found in lower-crustal rocks that have undergone granulite-facies metamorphism and thus they are considered to represent the age of Group 2 granulites. Also present are less abundant elongate zircon grains that yield a mean age of 1387 ± 32 (2σ) Ma. Their elongate shapes indicate growth from a melt or fluid, possibly associated with 1·3–1·5 Ga anorogenic granite magmatism exposed in the shallow crust to the south in Wisconsin, or related to an initial encroachment of the Keweenawan plume upon the lower crust. Older ages recognized in zircon cores are less well constrained but may be related to tectono-magmatic events in the southern Superior craton. Within the studied suite only S69-5 was recognized as a remnant of the Late Archean lower crust into which the Group 1 and 2 mafic granulite precursor basalts were intruded. Collectively, the data show that the lower crust beneath northern Michigan formed in Archean times and underwent a variety of tectono-magmatic processes throughout the Proterozoic, including orogenesis, partial melting and mafic magmatic underplating in response to upwelling mantle plumes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","publisherLocation":"Oxford, U.K.","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egs079","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R.E., Kempton, P.D., Paces, J.B., Downes, H., Williams, I.S., Dobosi, G., and Futa, K., 2013, Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province: Journal of Petrology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 575-608, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs079.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"608","ipdsId":"IP-040583","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263560,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs079"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.42,41.7 ], [ -90.42,48.29 ], [ -82.41,48.29 ], [ -82.41,41.7 ], [ -90.42,41.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dfa812e4b0dfbe79e6e4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, Robert E.","contributorId":47356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kempton, Pamela D.","contributorId":80994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempton","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downes, Hilary","contributorId":13508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downes","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Ian S.","contributorId":77439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dobosi, Gabor","contributorId":47264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobosi","given":"Gabor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70041263,"text":"70041263 - 2013 - Using simulated maps to interpret the geochemistry, formation and quality of the Blue Gem Coal Bed, Kentucky, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-20T19:30:39","indexId":"70041263","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using simulated maps to interpret the geochemistry, formation and quality of the Blue Gem Coal Bed, Kentucky, USA","docAbstract":"This study presents geostatistical simulations of coal-quality parameters, major oxides and trace metals for an area covering roughly 812 km<sup>2</sup> of the Blue Gem coal bed in southeastern Kentucky, USA. The Blue Gem, characterized by low ash yield and low sulfur content, is an important economic resource. Past studies have characterized the Blue Gem's geochemistry, palynology and petrography and inferred a depositional setting of a planar peat deposit that transitioned to slightly domed later in its development. These studies have focused primarily on vertical geochemical trends within the coal bed. Simulated maps of chemical elements derived from 45 measured sample locations across the study area provide an opportunity to observe changes in the horizontal direction within the coal bed. As the Blue Gem coal bed shows significant vertical chemical trends, care was taken in this study to try to select samples from a single, middle portion of the coal. By revealing spatial distribution patterns of elements across the middle of the bed, associations between different components of the coal can be seen. The maps therefore help to provide a picture of the coal-forming peat bog at an instant in geologic time and allow interpretation of a depositional setting in the horizontal direction. Results from this middle portion of the coal suggest an association of SiO<sub>2</sub> with both K<sub>2</sub>O and TiO<sub>2</sub> in different parts of the study area. Further, a pocket in the southeast of the study area shows elevated concentrations of elements attributable to observed carbonate-phase minerals (MgO, CaO, Ba and Sr) as well as elements commonly associated with sulfide-phase minerals (Cu, Mo and Ni). Areas of relatively high ash yield are observed in the north and south of the mapped area, in contrast to the low ash yields seen towards the east. Additionally, we present joint probability maps where multiple coal-quality parameters are plotted simultaneously on one figure. This application allows researchers to investigate associations of more than two components in a straight-forward manner useful in guiding resource exploration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.010","usgsCitation":"Geboy, N., Olea, R., Engle, M.A., and Martin-Fernandez, J.A., 2013, Using simulated maps to interpret the geochemistry, formation and quality of the Blue Gem Coal Bed, Kentucky, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 112, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039031","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263544,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Blue Gem","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5693,36.4972 ], [ -89.5693,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,36.4972 ], [ -89.5693,36.4972 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"112","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e56508e4b0a4aa5bb04b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geboy, Nicholas J. ngeboy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geboy","given":"Nicholas J.","email":"ngeboy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin-Fernandez, Jose Antonio","contributorId":83002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin-Fernandez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041053,"text":"70041053 - 2013 - Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:48:36","indexId":"70041053","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins","docAbstract":"Thermokarst lakes and drained lake basins are widespread in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost lowlands with ice-rich sediments. Thermokarst lake formation is a dominant mode of permafrost degradation and is linked to surface disturbance, subsequent melting of ground ice, surface subsidence, water impoundment, and positive feedbacks between lake growth and permafrost thaw, whereas lake drainage generally results in local permafrost aggradation. Thermokarst lakes characteristically have unique limnological, morphological, and biogeochemical characteristics that are closely tied to cold-climate conditions and permafrost properties. Thermokarst lakes also have a tendency toward complete or partial drainage through permafrost degradation and erosion. Thermokarst lake dynamics strongly affect the development of landscape geomorphology, hydrology, and the habitat characteristic of permafrost lowlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5","isbn":"978-0-12-374739-6","usgsCitation":"Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., and Arp, C.D., 2013, Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins, chap. <i>of</i> Treatise on Geomorphology, v. 8, p. 325-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"29","ipdsId":"IP-035844","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281018,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,22.7 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,22.7 ], [ -180.0,22.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78e5e4b0b2908510c74c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":113549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroder","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509105,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042684,"text":"70042684 - 2013 - Cancer risk from incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs associated with coal-tar-sealed pavement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T16:45:11.0082","indexId":"70042684","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cancer risk from incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs associated with coal-tar-sealed pavement","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent (2009–10) studies documented significantly higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in settled house dust in living spaces and soil adjacent to parking lots sealed with coal-tar-based products. To date, no studies have examined the potential human health effects of PAHs from these products in dust and soil. Here we present the results of an analysis of potential cancer risk associated with incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs in settings near coal-tar-sealed pavement. Exposures to benzo[</span><i>a</i><span>]pyrene equivalents were characterized across five scenarios. The central tendency estimate of excess cancer risk resulting from lifetime exposures to soil and dust from nondietary ingestion in these settings exceeded 1 × 10</span><sup>–4</sup><span>, as determined using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Soil was the primary driver of risk, but according to probabilistic calculations, reasonable maximum exposure to affected house dust in the first 6 years of life was sufficient to generate an estimated excess lifetime cancer risk of 6 × 10</span><sup>–5</sup><span>. Our results indicate that the presence of coal-tar-based pavement sealants is associated with significant increases in estimated excess lifetime cancer risk for nearby residents. Much of this calculated excess risk arises from exposures to PAHs in early childhood (i.e., 0–6 years of age).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es303371t","usgsCitation":"Williams, E.S., Mahler, B., and Van Metre, P., 2013, Cancer risk from incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs associated with coal-tar-sealed pavement: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 2, p. 1101-1109, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303371t.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1101","endPage":"1109","ipdsId":"IP-041619","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474063,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es303371t","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f670be4b03b29402c5daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, E. Spencer","contributorId":53640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Spencer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003347,"text":"70003347 - 2013 - Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high elevation drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T14:53:18.662585","indexId":"70003347","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high elevation drainages","docAbstract":"<ol id=\"jane12009-list-0001\" class=\"numbered\">\n<li>Heavy herbivory by ungulates can substantially alter habitat, but the indirect consequences of habitat modification for animal assemblages that rely on that habitat are not well studied. This is a particularly important topic given that climate change can alter plant&ndash;herbivore interactions.</li>\n<li>We explored short-term responses of small mammal communities to recent exclusion of Rocky Mountain elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in high-elevation riparian drainages in northern Arizona, where elk impacts on vegetation have increased over the past quarter century associated with climate change. We used 10-ha elk exclosures paired with unfenced control drainages to examine how browsing influenced the habitat use, relative abundance, richness and diversity of a small mammal assemblage.</li>\n<li>We found that the small mammal assemblage changed significantly after 5&nbsp;years of elk exclusion. Relative abundance of voles (<i>Microtus mexicanus</i>) increased in exclosure drainages, likely due to an increase in habitat quality. The relative abundances of woodrats (<i>Neotoma neomexicana</i>) and two species of mice (<i>Peromyscus maniculatus and P.&nbsp;boylii</i>) decreased in the controls, while remaining stable in exclosures. The decline of mice in control drainages was likely due to the decline in shrub cover that they use. Thus, elk exclusion may have maintained or improved habitat for mice inside the exclosures while habitat quality and mouse abundance both declined outside the fences. Finally, small mammal species richness increased in the exclosures relative to the controls while species diversity showed no significant trends.</li>\n<li>Together, our results show that relaxation of heavy herbivore pressure by a widespread native ungulate can lead to rapid changes in small mammal assemblages. Moreover, exclusion of large herbivores can yield rapid responses by vegetation that may enhance or maintain habitat quality for small mammal populations.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.12009","usgsCitation":"Parsons, E.W., Maron, J.L., and Martin, T.E., 2013, Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high elevation drainages: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 82, no. 2, p. 459-467, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"467","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025099","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Coconino National Forest, Mogollon Rim","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.98976790224913,\n              34.66631325715505\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.94535514940115,\n              34.778258341216784\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.30657887256514,\n              35.39847998439305\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59082049079217,\n              35.369512581770564\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.47534733338763,\n              34.75150265561764\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1437321121223,\n              34.617594225628736\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98976790224913,\n              34.66631325715505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5120b871e4b0e93254cd7543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Elliott W.R.","contributorId":49681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Elliott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maron, John L.","contributorId":103936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maron","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039860,"text":"70039860 - 2013 - Genetic analysis of a novel invasion of Puerto Rico by an exotic constricting snake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-20T19:27:38","indexId":"70039860","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic analysis of a novel invasion of Puerto Rico by an exotic constricting snake","docAbstract":"The tropical island Puerto Rico is potentially vulnerable to invasion by some species of exotic snakes; however, until now no established populations had been reported. Here we report and genetically characterize the nascent invasion of Puerto Rico by an exotic constricting snake of the family Boidae (<i>Boa constrictor</i>) using mtDNA and microsatellite data. Over 150 individual <i>B. constrictor</i> have been removed from Mayagüez municipality since May 2011, and our results from the genetic analysis of 32 individuals suggest that this population was recently founded by individuals of one subspecies from a genetic lineage common to zoo and breeding collections, but that the potential propagule pool consists of two subspecies. We also suggest that anthropogenic long-distance dispersal within the island of Puerto Rico may be occurring from the established population, with implications for further establishment across the island. This study represents the first report of the naturalization of an invasive species of boid snake in Puerto Rico and will be important in determining mitigation strategies for this invasion as well as providing a basis for comparison to other on-going studies of invasive snakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10530-012-0354-2","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., Puente-Rolon, A.R., Reed, R., and Revell, L.J., 2013, Genetic analysis of a novel invasion of Puerto Rico by an exotic constricting snake: Biological Invasions, v. 15, no. 5, p. 953-959, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0354-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"959","ipdsId":"IP-040400","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263507,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0354-2"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.9455,17.8814 ], [ -67.9455,18.516 ], [ -65.2211,18.516 ], [ -65.2211,17.8814 ], [ -67.9455,17.8814 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dd67f2e4b0e31bb027dbdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R. Graham","contributorId":103545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R. Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puente-Rolon, Alberto R.","contributorId":42498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puente-Rolon","given":"Alberto","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Robert N.","contributorId":10115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Revell, Liam J.","contributorId":100266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revell","given":"Liam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041004,"text":"70041004 - 2013 - Assessment of juvenile coho salmon movement and behavior in relation to rehabilitation efforts in the Trinity River, California, using PIT tags and radiotelemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:30:52","indexId":"70041004","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of juvenile coho salmon movement and behavior in relation to rehabilitation efforts in the Trinity River, California, using PIT tags and radiotelemetry","docAbstract":"Coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) of the Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast (SONCC) Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) is federally listed as a threatened species. The Trinity River Restoration Program (TRRP) is rehabilitating the Trinity River to restore coho salmon (coho) and other salmonid populations. In order to evaluate the program’s actions, several studies of movements and behavior of coho in the Trinity River were conducted from 2006 to 2009, including snorkel surveys and mark-recapture techniques based on Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, elastomer tags, and radio transmitters. Catch, recapture, and condition of natural sub-yearlings, along with site fidelity and emigration of hatchery-reared yearlings in rehabilitated and reference habitats, were studied. Location was important because coho were absent from the lower controlled and rehabilitated sites most of the time. However, rehabilitation did not have a significant effect on natural coho salmon at the site level. Apparent survival of radio-tagged, hatchery-reared yearling coho released downstream from Lewiston Dam was much lower in the first 10 km downstream from the release site than in other areas between Lewiston Dam and the Klamath River estuary. Estimated survival of yearling hatchery coho salmon per 100 km down to Blake’s Riffle was estimated at 64 % over the distance of the 239 km study area. Migration primarily occurred at night in the upper Trinity River; however, as yearlings moved through the lower Trinity River towards the Klamath River, estuary nocturnal migration became less. Apparent survival was generally lowest in areas upstream from the North Fork of the Trinity River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-012-9995-3","usgsCitation":"Chase, R., Hemphill, N., Beeman, J., Juhnke, S., Hannon, J., and Jenkins, A.M., 2013, Assessment of juvenile coho salmon movement and behavior in relation to rehabilitation efforts in the Trinity River, California, using PIT tags and radiotelemetry: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 96, no. 2-3, p. 303-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-9995-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-029963","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263446,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-9995-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.659795,41.178081 ], [ -122.659795,41.331161 ], [ -122.551204,41.331161 ], [ -122.551204,41.178081 ], [ -122.659795,41.178081 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"96","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d84e7ce4b0064e695a0daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, Robert","contributorId":83414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemphill, Nina","contributorId":40103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"Nina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beeman, John","contributorId":14559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juhnke, Steve","contributorId":67614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhnke","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hannon, John","contributorId":53673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jenkins, Amy M.","contributorId":60928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040861,"text":"70040861 - 2013 - An algorithmic and information-theoretic approach to multimetric index construction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-26T21:08:30","indexId":"70040861","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An algorithmic and information-theoretic approach to multimetric index construction","docAbstract":"The use of multimetric indices (MMIs), such as the widely used index of biological integrity (IBI), to measure, track, summarize and infer the overall impact of human disturbance on biological communities has been steadily growing in recent years. Initially, MMIs were developed for aquatic communities using pre-selected biological metrics as indicators of system integrity. As interest in these bioassessment tools has grown, so have the types of biological systems to which they are applied. For many ecosystem types the appropriate biological metrics to use as measures of biological integrity are not known a priori. As a result, a variety of ad hoc protocols for selecting metrics empirically has developed. However, the assumptions made by proposed protocols have not be explicitly described or justified, causing many investigators to call for a clear, repeatable methodology for developing empirically derived metrics and indices that can be applied to any biological system. An issue of particular importance that has not been sufficiently addressed is the way that individual metrics combine to produce an MMI that is a sensitive composite indicator of human disturbance. In this paper, we present and demonstrate an algorithm for constructing MMIs given a set of candidate metrics and a measure of human disturbance. The algorithm uses each metric to inform a candidate MMI, and then uses information-theoretic principles to select MMIs that capture the information in the multidimensional system response from among possible MMIs. Such an approach can be used to create purely empirical (data-based) MMIs or can, optionally, be influenced by expert opinion or biological theory through the use of a weighting vector to create value-weighted MMIs. We demonstrate the algorithm with simulated data to demonstrate the predictive capacity of the final MMIs and with real data from wetlands from Acadia and Rocky Mountain National Parks. For the Acadia wetland data, the algorithm identified 4 metrics that combined to produce a -0.88 correlation with the human disturbance index. When compared to other methods, we find this algorithmic approach resulted in MMIs that were more predictive and comprise fewer metrics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.016","usgsCitation":"Schoolmaster, D.R., Grace, J.B., Schweiger, E.W., Guntenspergen, G.R., Mitchell, B.R., Miller, K.M., and Little, A.M., 2013, An algorithmic and information-theoretic approach to multimetric index construction: Ecological Indicators, v. 26, p. 14-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-035304","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263376,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.016"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50b48f78e4b0b3fb1a229130","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.016","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.016","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Schoolmaster Donald R., Grace James B., Schweiger E. William, Guntenspergen Glenn R., Mitchell Brian R., Miller Kathryn M., Little Amanda M.","journalName":"Ecological Indicators","publicationDate":"3/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald R. Jr. 0000-0003-0910-4458 schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":4746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweiger, E. William","contributorId":53635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweiger","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitchell, Brian R.","contributorId":14683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Kathryn M.","contributorId":68582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Little, Amanda M.","contributorId":54452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70040206,"text":"70040206 - 2013 - Development and characterization of thirteen microsatellite loci in Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-06T10:01:01","indexId":"70040206","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and characterization of thirteen microsatellite loci in Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana)","docAbstract":"Clark’s nutcrackers are important seed dispersers for two widely-distributed western North American conifers, whitebark pine and limber pine, which are declining due to outbreaks of mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust. Because nutcracker seed dispersal services are key to maintaining viable populations of these imperiled pines, knowledge of movement patterns of Clark’s nutcrackers helps managers understand local extinction risks for these trees. To investigate population structure within Clark’s nutcracker, we developed primers for and characterized 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In a screen of 22 individuals from one population, levels of variability ranged from 6 to 15 alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although 4 loci revealed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and evidence of null alleles. These microsatellite loci will enable population genetic analyses of Clark’s nutcrackers, which could provide insights into the spatial relationships between nutcrackers and the trees they help disperse.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12686-012-9789-0","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J., Castoe, T.A., Tomback, D.F., Wunder, M.B., and Schaming, T.D., 2013, Development and characterization of thirteen microsatellite loci in Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana): Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 5, no. 2, p. 303-305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-012-9789-0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"305","ipdsId":"IP-041278","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263353,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-012-9789-0"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50b1ec82e4b0d1ade0ddf940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A.","contributorId":54468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castoe, Todd A.","contributorId":23819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castoe","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tomback, Diana F.","contributorId":69427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomback","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wunder, Michael B.","contributorId":88594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaming, Taza D.","contributorId":54867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaming","given":"Taza","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040241,"text":"70040241 - 2013 - A biogeochemical and genetic survey of acetylene fermentation by environmental samples and bacterial isolates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-20T09:36:18","indexId":"70040241","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biogeochemical and genetic survey of acetylene fermentation by environmental samples and bacterial isolates","docAbstract":"Anoxic samples (sediment and groundwater) from 13 chemically diverse field sites were assayed for their ability to consume acetylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>). Over incubation periods ranging from &tilde; 10 to 80 days, selected samples from 7 of the 13 tested sites displayed significant C2H2 removal. No significant formation of ethylene was noted in these incubations; therefore, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> consumption could be attributed to acetylene hydratase (AH) rather than nitrogenase activity. This putative AH (PAH) activity was observed in only 21% of the total of assayed samples, while amplification of AH genes from extracted DNA using degenerate primers derived from Pelobacter acetylenicus occurred in even fewer (9.8%) samples. Acetylene-fermenting bacteria were isolated as a pure culture from the sediments of a tidal mudflat in San Francisco Bay (SFB93) and as an enrichment culture from freshwater Searsville Lake (SV7). Comparison of 16S rDNA clone libraries revealed that SFB93 was closely related to P. carbolinicus, while SV7 consisted of several unrelated bacteria. AH gene was amplified from SFB93 but not SV7. The inability of the primers to generate amplicons in the SV7 enrichment, as well as from several of the environmental samples that displayed PAH activity, implied that either the primers were too highly constrained in their specificity or that there was a different type of AH gene in these environmental samples than occurs in P. acetylenicus. The significance of this work with regard to the search for life in the outer Solar System, where C<sub>2</sub>HL<sub>2</sub> is abundant, is discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomicrobiology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490451.2012.732662","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Baesman, S., Kirshtein, J., Voytek, M.A., and Oremland, R.S., 2013, A biogeochemical and genetic survey of acetylene fermentation by environmental samples and bacterial isolates: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 30, no. 6, p. 501-516, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2012.732662.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"16","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041168","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263345,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2012.732662"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50b09aeae4b0fd90806fb6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baesman, Shaun M.","contributorId":34407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baesman","given":"Shaun M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie","contributorId":104371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040834,"text":"70040834 - 2013 - Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:26:47","indexId":"70040834","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"We studied lower food webs in streams of two mercury-sensitive regions to determine whether variations in consumer foraging strategy and resultant dietary carbon signatures accounted for observed within-site and among-site variations in consumer mercury concentration. We collected macroinvertebrates (primary consumers and predators) and selected forage fishes from three sites in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, and three sites in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, for analysis of mercury (Hg) and stable isotopes of carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N). Among primary consumers, scrapers and filterers had higher MeHg and more depleted δ<sup>13</sup>C than shredders from the same site. Variation in δ<sup>13</sup>C accounted for up to 34 % of within-site variation in MeHg among primary consumers, beyond that explained by δ<sup>15</sup>N, an indicator of trophic position. Consumer δ<sup>13</sup>C accounted for 10 % of the variation in Hg among predatory macroinvertebrates and forage fishes across these six sites, after accounting for environmental aqueous methylmercury (MeHg, 5 % of variation) and base-N adjusted consumer trophic position (Δδ<sup>15</sup>N, 22 % of variation). The δ<sup>13</sup>C spatial pattern within consumer taxa groups corresponded to differences in benthic habitat shading among sites. Consumers from relatively more-shaded sites had more enriched δ<sup>13</sup>C that was more similar to typical detrital δ<sup>13</sup>C, while those from the relatively more-open sites had more depleted δ<sup>13</sup>C. Although we could not clearly attribute these differences strictly to differences in assimilation of carbon from terrestrial or in-channel sources, greater potential for benthic primary production at more open sites might play a role. We found significant variation among consumers within and among sites in carbon source; this may be related to within-site differences in diet and foraging habitat, and to among-site differences in environmental conditions that influence primary production. These observations suggest that different foraging strategies and habitats influence MeHg bioaccumulation in streams, even at relatively small spatial scales. Such influence must be considered when selecting lower trophic level consumers as sentinels of MeHg bioaccumulation for comparison within and among sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3","usgsCitation":"Riva-Murray, K., Bradley, P.M., Chasar, L.C., Button, D.T., Brigham, M.E., Eikenberry, B.C., Journey, C.A., and Lutz, M., 2013, Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA: Ecotoxicology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 60-71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-031211","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263337,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.35,32.03 ], [ -83.35,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,32.03 ], [ -83.35,32.03 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50aca67de4b0ae6a8f88bba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen","contributorId":85650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Button, Daniel T. 0000-0002-7479-884X dtbutton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-884X","contributorId":2084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Button","given":"Daniel","email":"dtbutton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder 0000-0001-8058-1201 beikenberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-1201","contributorId":97389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eikenberry","given":"Barbara","email":"beikenberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. Scudder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70208416,"text":"70208416 - 2013 - An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T13:33:46","indexId":"70208416","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-18T13:31:30","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1550,"text":"Environmental Modeling & Assessment","onlineIssn":" 1573-296","printIssn":"1420-2026","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Simulating contaminant transport in unsaturated zones with sparse hydraulic property information is a difficult, yet common, problem. When contaminant transport may occur via preferential flow, simple modeling approaches can provide predictions of interest, such as the first arrival of contaminant, with minimal site characterization. The conceptual model for unsaturated zone flow at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada National Security Site, establishes the possibility of preferential flow through lithologies between potential radionuclide sources and the saturated zone. After identifying preferential flow as a possible contaminant transport process, we apply a simple model to estimate first arrival times for conservatively transported radionuclides to reach the saturated zone. Simulated preferential flow travel times at Rainier Mesa are tens to hundreds of years for non-ponded water sources and 1 to 2 months for continuously ponded water sources; first arrival times are approximately twice as long at Shoshone Mountain. These first arrival time results should then be viewed as a worst-case scenario but not necessarily as a timescale for a groundwater-contamination hazard, because concentrations may be very low. The alternative approach demonstrated here for estimating travel times can be useful in situations where predictions are needed by managers for the fastest arrival of contaminants, yet budgetary or time constraints preclude more rigorous analysis, and when additional model estimates are needed for comparison (i.e., model abstraction).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10666-012-9349-8","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B., and Nimmo, J.R., 2013, An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada: Environmental Modeling & Assessment, v. 18, p. 345-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-012-9349-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"363","ipdsId":"IP-114818","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Shoshone Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.61688232421875,\n              38.54601733154524\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.19390869140625,\n              38.54601733154524\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.19390869140625,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.61688232421875,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.61688232421875,\n              38.54601733154524\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040736,"text":"70040736 - 2013 - Polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolism in field collected fish from the Gila River, Arizona, USA-Levels, possible sources, and patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:34:26","indexId":"70040736","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolism in field collected fish from the Gila River, Arizona, USA-Levels, possible sources, and patterns","docAbstract":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in fish collected from the Gila River, Arizona, a tributary of the Colorado River in the lower part of the Colorado River Basin. Fish samples were collected at sites on the Gila River downstream from Hayden, Phoenix, and Arlington, Arizona in late summer 2003. The Gila River is ephemeral upstream of the Phoenix urban area due to dams and irrigation projects and has limited perennial flow downstream of Phoenix due to wastewater and irrigation return flows. Fifty PBDE congeners were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry using labeled surrogate standards in composite samples of male and female common carp (<i>Cyrpinus carpio</i>), largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) and channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>). The predominant PBDE congeners detected and quantified were 47, 100, 153, 49, 28, and 17. Concentrations of total PBDEs in these fish ranged from 1.4 to 12700 ng g<sup>-1</sup> wet weight, which are some of the highest concentrations reported in fish from the United States. Differences in metabolism of several PBDE congeners by carp is clear at the Phoenix site; congeners with at least one ring of 2,4,5-substitution are preferentially metabolized as are congeners with 2,3,4-substitution.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.001","usgsCitation":"Echols, K.R., Peterman, P.H., Hinck, J.E., and Orazio, C.E., 2013, Polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolism in field collected fish from the Gila River, Arizona, USA-Levels, possible sources, and patterns: Chemosphere, v. 90, no. 1, p. 20-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-033001","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263169,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Gila River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5580009,32.7194372 ], [ -114.5580009,32.7204904 ], [ -114.5575025,32.7204904 ], [ -114.5575025,32.7194372 ], [ -114.5580009,32.7194372 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a60efbe4b0d446a665c9b8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Echols Kathy R., Peterman Paul H., Hinck Jo Ellen, Orazio Carl E.","journalName":"Chemosphere","publicationDate":"1/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":38507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040728,"text":"70040728 - 2013 - A seascape approach to investigating fish spillover across a marine protected area boundary in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T16:41:58","indexId":"70040728","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seascape approach to investigating fish spillover across a marine protected area boundary in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>Marine protected areas (MPAs) can benefit fisheries through export of pelagic eggs and larvae and the net emigration of adults and juveniles (spillover). Spillover was investigated for a marine protected area on the north shore of Oahu, Hawai&lsquo;i utilizing a seascape approach. This study incorporated habitat variables and underwater visual surveys of fishes and benthos measured at two distinct scales (125 m<sup>2</sup> and 1000 m<sup>2</sup>) inside and outside the protected area at varying distance from the boundary. The relationship between fish biomass from fine-scale surveys and key habitat variables was found to account for a large portion of the variability for both resource (targeted) fish species (15%) and non-resource fish (28%). The remaining variation in resource fish biomass was significantly correlated with distance from the MPA boundary showing a decreasing gradient from inside to outside (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.001), indicating fish spillover at a local scale (p = 0.45). The evidence of spillover based on the fine-scale surveys was corroborated by results from broad-scale surveys, which also showed a significant relationship (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.19, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) between resource fish biomass and distance from the MPA boundary. In addition, observed spatial distribution of fishing effort was consistent with predictions that fishers respond to biomass gradients across protected area boundaries. Fish spillover can help mitigate costs associated with the establishment of marine protected areas in terms of lost fishing area and therefore have a positive effect on the attitudes of fishers toward marine reserves and marine protected areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2012.09.016","usgsCitation":"Stamoulis, K.A., and Friedlander, A.M., 2013, A seascape approach to investigating fish spillover across a marine protected area boundary in Hawai'i: Fisheries Research, v. 144, p. 2-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.09.016.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"2","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039339","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101031","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Pupukea MLCD","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.04,\n              21.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.04,\n              21.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.09,\n              21.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.09,\n              21.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.04,\n              21.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd65e4b0fd76c78323b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamoulis, Kostantinos A.","contributorId":6729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamoulis","given":"Kostantinos","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedlander, Alan M. afriedlander@usgs.gov","contributorId":53079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"Alan","email":"afriedlander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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