{"pageNumber":"1495","pageRowStart":"37350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46681,"records":[{"id":14578,"text":"ofr88308 - 1988 - Water-quality data (July 1986 through September 1987) and statistical summaries (March 1985 through September 1987) for the Clark Fork and selected tributaries from Deer Lodge to Missoula, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr88308","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-308","title":"Water-quality data (July 1986 through September 1987) and statistical summaries (March 1985 through September 1987) for the Clark Fork and selected tributaries from Deer Lodge to Missoula, Montana","docAbstract":"Water quality sampling was conducted at seven sites on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries from Deer Lodge to Missoula, Montana, from July 1986 through September 1987. This report presents tabulations and statistical summaries of the water quality data. The data presented in this report supplement previous data collected from March 1985 through June 1986 for six of the seven sites. Included in this report are tabulations of instantaneous values of streamflow, onsite water quality, hardness, and concentrations of trace elements and suspended sediment for periodic samples. Also included are tables and hydrographs of daily mean values for streamflow, suspended-sediment concentration, and suspended-sediment discharge at three mainstream stations and one tributary. Statistical summaries are presented for periodic water quality data collected from March 1986 through September 1987. Selected data are illustrated by graphs showing median concentrations to suspended-sediment concentrations, and median concentrations of trace elements in suspended sediment. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88308","usgsCitation":"Lambing, J., 1988, Water-quality data (July 1986 through September 1987) and statistical summaries (March 1985 through September 1987) for the Clark Fork and selected tributaries from Deer Lodge to Missoula, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-308, v, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88308.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0308/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0308/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6c81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26524,"text":"wri884047 - 1988 - Low-flow profiles of the upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T08:39:40","indexId":"wri884047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4047","title":"Low-flow profiles of the upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries in Georgia","docAbstract":"Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a compilation of available low flow data in the form of tables and ' 7Q10 flow profiles ' (minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-yr recurrence interval)(7Q10 flow plotted against distance along a stream channel) for all streams reaches of the Upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries where sufficient data of acceptable accuracy are available. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. This report is the third in a series of reports that will cover all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It includes the Georgia part of the Savannah River basin from its headwaters down to and including McBean Creek, and Brier Creek from its headwaters down to and including Boggy Gut Creek. It also includes the Ogeechee River from its headwaters down to and including Big Creek, and Rocky Comfort Creek (tributary to Ogeechee River) down to the Glascock-Jefferson County line. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. The 7-day minimum flow profile was omitted for stream reaches where natural flow was known to be altered significantly. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884047","usgsCitation":"Carter, R., Hopkins, E.H., and Perlman, H., 1988, Low-flow profiles of the upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4047, iv, 169 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884047.","productDescription":"iv, 169 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Ogeechee River, Savannah 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,{"id":61524,"text":"mf2004 - 1988 - Reinterpreted geologic map and fossil data, Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-11T18:44:36.796626","indexId":"mf2004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004","title":"Reinterpreted geologic map and fossil data, Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2004","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., and Miyaoka, R., 1988, Reinterpreted geologic map and fossil data, Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2004, 2 Plates: 50.39 x 30.55 inches and 35.39 x 29.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2004.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 50.39 x 30.55 inches and 35.39 x 29.17 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2004.PNG"},{"id":327624,"rank":102,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2004/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398498,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13111.htm"},{"id":327623,"rank":101,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2004/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":111426,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/13097","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Charley River Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -144,65 ], [ -144,66 ], [ -141,66 ], [ -141,65 ], [ -144,65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miyaoka, R. T.","contributorId":11659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyaoka","given":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26519,"text":"wri884050 - 1988 - Low-flow profiles of the Tallapoosa River and tributaries in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:23:25","indexId":"wri884050","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4050","title":"Low-flow profiles of the Tallapoosa River and tributaries in Georgia","docAbstract":"Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The report is the fourth in a series of reports presenting the results of a low flow study of all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. This report covers the part of the Tallapoosa River basin in the Piedmont province of Georgia. The low flow characteristic presented is the minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10). The data are presented in tables and shown graphically as ' low flow profiles ' (low flow plotted against distance along a stream channel), and as ' drainage area profiles ' (drainage area plotted against distance along a stream channel). Low flow profiles were constructed by interpolation or extrapolation from points of known low flow data. Low flow profiles are included for all stream reaches where low flow data of sufficient accuracy are available to justify computation of the profiles. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins &gt; 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent conditions other than natural flow. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri884050","usgsCitation":"Carter, R., Hopkins, E.H., and Perlman, H., 1988, Low-flow profiles of the Tallapoosa River and tributaries in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4050, iv, 39 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884050.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. 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H.","contributorId":18411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perlman, H.A.","contributorId":84406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlman","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28437,"text":"wri854213 - 1988 - Sediment loads, discharges, and yields in the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin, Clearfield and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania, June 1979 through September 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T20:13:52.495164","indexId":"wri854213","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4213","title":"Sediment loads, discharges, and yields in the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin, Clearfield and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania, June 1979 through September 1981","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, and sediment discharge data were collected from the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin from June 1979 through September 1981 to evaluate sediment discharges from an area in which erosion and sediment controls were being used on surface mined areas. Sediment yields from the basin averaged 144 tons/sq mi/year. During the study, 9,570 tons of sediment were transported from the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin. Increased monthly suspended-sediment loads were found after July 1980 when mined-area reclamation was accelerated. Beaver Run near Troutville discharged 576 tons of sediment, which was 7% of the load transported from the basin from December 1979 through September 1981. Turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration follow a linear relation throughout the range of measured values. Using this relation and the frequency distribution of suspended-sediment concentrations, the estimated turbidity levels in the stream were equal to or greater than 30 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (the level at which the streams become unusable as a public water source) approximately 15% of the time during the study. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854213","usgsCitation":"Loper, C.A., and Wetzel, K.L., 1988, Sediment loads, discharges, and yields in the East Branch Mahoning Creek basin, Clearfield and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania, June 1979 through September 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4213, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854213.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4213/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57239,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36360.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Clearfield County, Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"East Branch Mahoning Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.86,\n              40.943\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.697,\n              40.943\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.697,\n              41.036\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.86,\n              41.036\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.86,\n              40.943\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loper, C. A.","contributorId":89571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, K. L.","contributorId":14418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27880,"text":"wri874117 - 1988 - Evaluation of the flood hydrology in the Colorado Front Range using precipitation, streamflow, and paleoflood data for the Big Thompson River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri874117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4117","title":"Evaluation of the flood hydrology in the Colorado Front Range using precipitation, streamflow, and paleoflood data for the Big Thompson River basin","docAbstract":"A multidisciplinary study of precipitation and streamflow data and paleohydrologic studies of channel features was made to analyze the flood hydrology of foothill and mountain streams in the Front Range of Colorado, with emphasis on the Big Thompson River basin, because conventional hydrologic analyses do not adequately characterize the flood hydrology. In the foothills of Colorado, annual floodflows are derived from snowmelt at high elevations in the mountain regions, from rainfall at low elevation in the plains or plateau regions, or from a combination of rain falling on snow or mixed population hydrology. Above approximately 7,500 ft, snowmelt dominates; rain does not contribute to the flood potential. Regional flood-frequency relations were developed and compared with conventional flood-estimating technique results, including an evaluation of the magnitude and frequency of the probable maximum flood. Evaluation of streamflow data and paleoflood investigations provide an alternative for evaluating flood hydrology and the safety of dams. The study indicates the need for additional data collection and research to understand the complexities of the flood hydrology in mountainous regions, especially its effects on flood-plain management and the design of structures in the flood plain. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874117","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R., and Costa, J.E., 1988, Evaluation of the flood hydrology in the Colorado Front Range using precipitation, streamflow, and paleoflood data for the Big Thompson River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4117, iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874117.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56703,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26414,"text":"wri884012 - 1988 - Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri884012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4012","title":"Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin","docAbstract":"This report describes an interactive-accounting model used to simulate streamflow, chemical-constituent concentrations and loads, and water-supply operations in a river basin. The model uses regression equations to compute flow from incremental (internode) drainage areas. Conservative chemical constituents (typically dissolved solids) also are computed from regression equations. Both flow and water quality loads are accumulated downstream. Optionally, the model simulates the water use and the simplified groundwater systems of a basin. Water users include agricultural, municipal, industrial, and in-stream users , and reservoir operators. Water users list their potential water sources, including direct diversions, groundwater pumpage, interbasin imports, or reservoir releases, in the order in which they will be used. Direct diversions conform to basinwide water law priorities. The model is interactive, and although the input data exist in files, the user can modify them interactively. A major feature of the model is its color-graphic-output options. This report includes a description of the model, organizational charts of subroutines, and examples of the graphics. Detailed format instructions for the input data, example files of input data, definitions of program variables, and listing of the FORTRAN source code are Attachments to the report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884012","usgsCitation":"Burns, A., 1988, Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4012, iv, 241 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884012.","productDescription":"iv, 241 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55209,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, A.W.","contributorId":65498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28233,"text":"wri884190 - 1988 - Reassessment of the Georgetown limestone as a hydrogeologic unit of the Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:38:41","indexId":"wri884190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4190","title":"Reassessment of the Georgetown limestone as a hydrogeologic unit of the Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer consists of geologic units known as the Comanche Peak (oldest) and Edwards Limestones, Kiamichi Formation, and Georgetown Limestone. The Edwards Limestone is the main water-bearing zone. The shallow geologic units dip to the east-southeast at a slope of 50 to 100 feet per mile in the Georgetown area. The Edwards aquifer extends from the western limits of the outcrop to the transition zone from freshwater to saline water to the east. The downdip continuity of the geologic units is interrupted by several faults in the Balcones fault zone. The aquifer is recharged by the infiltration of precipitation and streamflow in the outcrop and is discharged by springs in the outcrop and by wells, evapotranspiration, and leakage through the overlying confining bed in the confined area. Streams in the area regionally flow from the west to the east.</p>\n<p>A reassessment of the uppermost geologic unit of the Edwards aquifer, the Georgetown Limestone, was conducted in the Georgetown area, Texas, using: (1) data from six surveys of streamflow gains and losses and ground-water levels, (2) aquifer tests at three clusters of test wells, (3) variation in water-quality characteristics to indicate ground-water circulation, and (4) previous studies. Data from the six surveys did not show a pattern of corresponding streamflow gains and losses with positive (upward) and negative (downward) head differentials, respectively, between the main water-bearing zone of the Edwards aquifer and the streams. A consistent and corresponding pattern was shown only for the subreach containing Berry Springs.</p>\n<p>The aquifer tests consisted of \"slug\" test analyses to determine the transmissive characteristics of the Georgetown Limestone and produced 8 9 hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 1.4 X 10<sup>-8</sup> to 2.8 X 10<sup>-9</sup> centimeters per second at four of the six test wells. The other two test wells did not produce data suitable for conventional aquifer-test analysis.</p>\n<p>An analysis of the water-quality characteristics suggests that the Edwards Limestone and the streams have a significant hydraulic connection but the ground-water circulation between the Edwards Limestone and the Georgetown Limestone is very limited. The only area where a high degree of hydraulic connection between the main water-bearing zone of the Edwards aquifer (Edwards Limestone) and the streams was found is near the updip limits of the Georgetown Limestone, where a nearby major fault occurs and where major springs have developed. These findings suggest that the Georgetown Limestone does not function as a unit of the Edwards aquifer but as a regional confining bed with localized avenues that allow flow to and from the underlying Edwards aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri884190","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., and Dorsey, M., 1988, Reassessment of the Georgetown limestone as a hydrogeologic unit of the Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4190, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884190.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4190/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a6eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, L. F.","contributorId":17253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3873,"text":"cir878C - 1988 - Codes for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States and the Caribbean outlying areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"cir878C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"878","chapter":"C","title":"Codes for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States and the Caribbean outlying areas","docAbstract":"This standard provides codes to be used for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States, the Caribbean and other outlying areas. Outlying areas include Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Midway Islands, Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and miscellaneous Pacific Islands. Each code identifies an aquifer or rock-stratigraphic unit and its age designation. The codes provide a standardized base for use by organizations in the storage, retrieval, and exchange of ground-water data; the indexing and inventory of ground-water data and information; the cataloging of ground-water data acquisition activities; and a variety of other applications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir878C","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Codes for the identification of aquifer names and geologic units in the United States and the Caribbean outlying areas (Reprint): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 878, iii, C8 p. ;26 cm. (A. U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard), https://doi.org/10.3133/cir878C.","productDescription":"iii, C8 p. ;26 cm. (A. U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/0878c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/0878c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Reprint","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27337,"text":"wri864319 - 1988 - A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri864319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4319","title":"A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water","docAbstract":"A model was developed to be useful for predicting changes in streamflow as a result of groundwater pumping. The stream aquifer model is especially useful for simulating streams that flow intermittently owing to leakage to the aquifer or diversion for irrigation or streams that become perched owing to declining hydraulic head in the aquifer. The model couples the equation of two-dimensional groundwater flow with the kinematic equations of one-dimensional open-channel flow. Darcy 's law for vertical flow through a semipermeable streambed is used to couple the groundwater flow and streamflow equations. The equations of flow are approximated numerically by the finite-element method. A listing of the Fortran program that solves the equations of flow , and a description of data-input formats are given in the report. The program can simulate a variety of hydrologic characteristics including perched streams, streamflow diversions , springs, recharge from irrigated acreage, and evapotranspiration from the water table and phreatophytes. Time-dependent boundary conditions can be simulated. The program can be modified easily to simulate unconfined aquifers and aquifers with variable directions of anisotropy. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864319","usgsCitation":"Glover, K.C., 1988, A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4319, iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864319.","productDescription":"iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glover, K. C.","contributorId":14828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2567,"text":"wsp2318 - 1988 - Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2318","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2318","title":"Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","docAbstract":"The two-film model is often used to describe the volatilization of organic substances from water. This model assumes uniformly mixed water and air phases separated by thin films of water and air in which mass transfer is by molecular diffusion. Mass-transfer coefficients for the films, commonly called film coefficients, are related through the Henry's law constant and the model equation to the overall mass-transfer coefficient for volatilization. The films are modeled as two resistances in series, resulting in additive resistances. \r\n\r\nThe two-film model and the concept of additivity of resistances were applied to experimental data for acetone and t-butyl alcohol. Overall mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water were measured in the laboratory in a stirred constant-temperature bath. Measurements were completed for six water temperatures, each at three water mixing conditions. Wind-speed was constant at about 0.1 meter per second for all experiments. Oxygen absorption coefficients were measured simultaneously with the measurement of the acetone and t-butyl alcohol mass-transfer coefficients. Gas-film coefficients for acetone, t-butyl alcohol, and water were determined by measuring the volatilization fluxes of the pure substances over a range of temperatures. Henry's law constants were estimated from data from the literature. The combination of high resistance in the gas film for solutes with low values of the Henry's law constants has not been studied previously. \r\n\r\nCalculation of the liquid-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol from measured overall mass-transfer and gas-film coefficients, estimated Henry's law constants, and the two-film model equation resulted in physically unrealistic, negative liquid-film coefficients for most of the experiments at the medium and high water mixing conditions. An analysis of the two-film model equation showed that when the percentage resistance in the gas film is large and the gas-film resistance approaches the overall resistance in value, the calculated liquid-film coefficient becomes extremely sensitive to errors in the Henry's law constant. The negative coefficients were attributed to this sensitivity and to errors in the estimated Henry's law constants. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film coefficients for the absorption of oxygen were correlated with the stirrer Reynolds number and the Schmidt number. Application of this correlation with the experimental conditions and a molecular-diffusion coefficient adjustment resulted in values of the liquid-film coefficients for both acetone and t-butyl alcohol within the range expected for all three mixing conditions. Comparison of Henry's law constants calculated from these film coefficients and the experimental data with the constants calculated from literature data showed that the differences were small relative to the errors reported in the literature as typical for the measurement or estimation of Henry's law constants for hydrophilic compounds such as ketones and alcohols. \r\n\r\nTemperature dependence of the mass-transfer coefficients was expressed in two forms. The first, based on thermodynamics, assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the reciprocal absolute temperature. The second empirical approach assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the absolute temperature. Both of these forms predicted the temperature dependence of the experimental mass-transfer coefficients with little error for most of the water temperature range likely to be found in streams and rivers. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film and gas-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol were similar in value. However, depending on water mixing conditions, overall mass-transfer coefficients for acetone were from two to four times larger than the coefficients for t-butyl alcohol. This difference in behavior of the coefficients resulted because the Henry's law constant for acetone was about three times larger than that of ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2318","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2318, xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2318.","productDescription":"xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206938,"text":"70206938 - 1988 - Relationships between silicic plutonism and volcanism: Geochemical evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-29T19:43:40","indexId":"70206938","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-31T19:35:43","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3642,"text":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between silicic plutonism and volcanism: Geochemical evidence","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field associations (voluminous ash flow deposits, rhyolitic stocks and dykes, ring complexes), evidence of repeated influxes of mafic magma, and thermal constraints indicate that many high-level silicic plutons (magma chambers) acted as open systems for considerable parts of their history. The long thermal lifetime, as well as other evidence from the volcanic record, suggests that some such systems reached a quasi-steady state in which magma input was balanced by magma output for times longer than those required for crystallisation. Reconstruction of the evolution of large, long-lived caldera-forming systems, such as that of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, indicates that many chambers have lost a highly fractionated silicic cap, in some cases cyclically. Crystallised plutons may contain no obvious record of this evolutionary phase. Geochemical data from silicic ash flow deposits can be used to reconstruct the volcanic stage of pluton development. Many silicic systems, especially of alkaline affinity, apparently pass from a stage in which melt evolution is dominated by crystal-liquid processes to one in which other processes may also contribute to differentiation. Apparently, the transition is most readily achieved in volatile-rich, alkaline silicic systems emplaced in complex, ancient sialic crust of the cratons. Once established, the preservation of highly fractionated caps on magma chambers requires a balance between thermal input and cooling-induced crystallisation. If heat enters the system too quickly, the cap may get stirred into the dominant magma volume by convection. If heat input is too slow, the magma body will crystallise inward from the margins, and the plutonic-consolidation stage will begin. © 1988, Royal Society of Edinburgh. All rights reserved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Edinburgh ","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300014267","issn":"02635933","usgsCitation":"Macdonald, R., and Smith, R., 1988, Relationships between silicic plutonism and volcanism: Geochemical evidence: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, v. 79 , no. 2-3, p. 257-263, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300014267.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"257","endPage":"263","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79 ","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macdonald, R.","contributorId":92402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.L.","contributorId":47422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70204063,"text":"70204063 - 1988 - Field validation of a habitat suitability index model for the American oyster","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-01T14:25:42","indexId":"70204063","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-31T14:19:58","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field validation of a habitat suitability index model for the American oyster","docAbstract":"<p><span>A habitat suitability index (HSI) model, developed for the American oyster,</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Crassostrea virginica</i><span>, along the Gulf of Mexico, was field tested on 38 0.1-ha reef and nonreef sites in Galveston Bay, Texas. The HSI depends upon six (HSI1) or, optionally, eight (HSI2) variables. The six variables are percent of bottom covered with suitable cultch (V</span><sub>1</sub><span>), mean summer water salinity (V</span><sub>2</sub><span>), mean abundance of living oysters (V</span><sub>3</sub><span>) (a gregarious settling factor), historic mean water salinity (V</span><sub>4</sub><span>), frequency of killing floods (V</span><sub>5</sub><span>), and substrate firmness (V</span><sub>6</sub><span>). The optional variables are the abundance of the southern oyster drill</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Thais haemostoma</i><span>&nbsp;(V</span><sub>7</sub><span>), and the intensity of the oyster pathogen</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Perkinsus marinus</i><span>&nbsp;(V</span><sub>8</sub><span>). The HSI values were lowest at high and low salinity sites and highest at intermediate-salinity sites. To validate the model, the hypothesis that the output of the HSI model was correlated with oyster density was therefore tested. A significant correlation was found between HSI1 and oyster density (Kendall Tau Beta correlation coefficient, τ=0.674, p&lt;0.001, n=38); however, a statistical independence problem exists with the above test, that is, oyster density is both the independent standard for the test and a variable in the model. A regression model was constructed to test the relationship between log-transformed oyster density values (dependent variable) and the other variables of the model (independent variables). Most variation (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>=0.72, r=0.85) in the log-transformed density values were explained by a regression model that contained V</span><sub>2</sub><span>, V</span><sub>4</sub><span>, V</span><sub>5</sub><span>, V</span><sub>6</sub><span>, V</span><sub>7</sub><span>, and V</span><sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;as independent variables. The regression model was useful in constructing a modified HSI model (MHSI). A significant correlation (τ=0.674, p&lt;0.05, n=10) was found between MHSI1 values and oyster densities from reefs closed to harvesting. The MHSI improves upon the original model by (i) simplifying the model structure, (ii) removing the requirement to measure V</span><sub>3</sub><span>, (iii) accounting better for the negative effects of high salinity, disease, and parasitism upon oysters, and (iv) eliminating the statistical independence problem by dropping V</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;from the model. The MHSI should be tested against a new, independently-collected data set.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351995","usgsCitation":"Soniat, T.M., and Brody, M.S., 1988, Field validation of a habitat suitability index model for the American oyster: Estuaries, v. 11, no. 2, p. 87-95, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351995.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston","otherGeospatial":"Galveston Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.47143554687499,\n              29.518500480769\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.46182250976562,\n              29.55315050898206\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.49478149414061,\n              29.568679425235135\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.51126098632811,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.55245971679688,\n              29.581817412664453\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.65545654296875,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.76394653320312,\n              29.532839863453397\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73236083984375,\n              29.56509604105945\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6856689453125,\n              29.676121784724305\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.68704223632812,\n              29.732185003867347\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.69253540039062,\n              29.758416604879724\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.63897705078125,\n              29.794175906436607\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66644287109374,\n              29.837070205715218\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67468261718749,\n              29.909710176270305\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.82025146484375,\n              29.888280933159265\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.85183715820312,\n              29.80132623415949\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.86831665039062,\n              29.7453016622136\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90402221679688,\n              29.69640358280457\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.98641967773436,\n              29.770337790828144\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.05783081054688,\n              29.852555290064018\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.13336181640625,\n              29.846599772557077\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.18280029296875,\n              29.728607435707488\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.086669921875,\n              29.692824739380754\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0372314453125,\n              29.668962525992505\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0262451171875,\n              29.624802504907223\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0262451171875,\n              29.588982866961384\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.09490966796875,\n              29.596147812456916\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.130615234375,\n              29.506549442788593\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.06881713867188,\n              29.493401671428565\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.97131347656249,\n              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29.06337217585223\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7515869140625,\n              29.32352283965925\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.72961425781249,\n              29.378585092502497\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.69802856445311,\n              29.424048845483828\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.47143554687499,\n              29.518500480769\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soniat, Thomas M.","contributorId":11109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soniat","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brody, Michael S.","contributorId":40651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brody","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220729,"text":"5220729 - 1988 - Assessment of sampling stability in ecological applications of discriminant analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T15:45:17.753448","indexId":"5220729","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-01T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of sampling stability in ecological applications of discriminant analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>A simulation study was undertaken to assess the sampling stability of the variable loadings in linear discriminant function analysis. A factorial design was used for the factors of multivariate dimensionality, dispersion structure, configuration of group means, and sample size. A total of 32 400 discriminant analyses were conducted, based on data from simulated populations with appropriate underlying statistical distributions. Results from the simulations suggest that minimum sample sizes must exceed multivariate dimensionality by at least a factor of three to achieve reasonable levels of stability in discriminant function loadings. However, the requisite sample size would vary with respect to each of the design factors and, especially, with the overall amount of system variation. A review of 60 published studies and 142 individual analyses indicated that sample sizes in ecological studies often have met that requirement. However, individual group sample sizes frequently were very unequal, and checks of assumptions usually were not reported. We recommend that ecologists obtain group sample sizes that are at least three times as large as the number of variables measured.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941283","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., and Titus, K., 1988, Assessment of sampling stability in ecological applications of discriminant analysis: Ecology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1275-1285, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46812","text":"External Repository"},{"id":198215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":207067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Kimberly","contributorId":149923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titus","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70122681,"text":"70122681 - 1988 - User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T11:53:29","indexId":"70122681","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-01T11:53:02","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Muhlenbruck, J., Manci, K., and Schneller-McDonald, K., 1988, User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0f2e4b01f35f8fd6a71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlenbruck, J.","contributorId":61756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlenbruck","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manci, K.M.","contributorId":24285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manci","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneller-McDonald, K.","contributorId":18279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneller-McDonald","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013657,"text":"70013657 - 1988 - An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:18:49.263619","indexId":"70013657","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES","docAbstract":"<p><span>An atomic absorption extraction technique which is widely used in geochemical exploration for the determination of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn has been modified and adapted to a simultaneous inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission instrument. The experimental and operating parameters are described for the preconcentration of the metals into their organometallic halides and for the determination of these metals. Lower limits of determination are equal to or improved over those for flame atomic absorption (except Au), and ICP results are very similar to the accepted AA values, with precision for the ICP data in excess of that necessary for exploration purposes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1366/0003702884429913","usgsCitation":"Motooka, J.M., 1988, An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1293-1296, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702884429913.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1293","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e11e4b0c8380cd532b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007429,"text":"1007429 - 1988 - Status of dugongs in waters around Palau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T15:17:27.052644","indexId":"1007429","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of dugongs in waters around Palau","docAbstract":"<p>The dugong, <i>Dugong dugon</i>, is widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region in shallow tropical and subtropical waters (Nishiwaki and Marsh 1985).The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the species as vulnerable (Thornback and Jenkins 1982), as it is severely depleted or extinct in many parts of its former range (Nishiwaki and Marsh 1985). Many populations at isolated archipelagos have been exterminated through direct human exploitation. Husar (1975) cited evidence of the former existence of dugongs around the Mascarene, Laccadive, Maldive, Barren, Narcondom, Cocos (Keeling), Christmas, and Lesser Sunda islands. </p><p>An isolated dugong population still occurs around Palau (Republic of Belau), Western Caroline Islands, about 850 km from both Papua New Guinea to the south and the Philippines to the west. The first aerial surveys of this population, in 1977 and 1978, indicated that it was small and other evidence suggested it was subject to persistent poaching (Brownell et al. 1981). We resurveyed this population in 1983 to reassess its status and attempt to detect any changes in distribution or abundance. With the assistance of the Palau Department of Natural Resources, we also interviewed fishermen and knowledgeable residents about dugong abundance, distribution, mortality, and natural history. </p><p>Surveys were conducted from 19 through 26 August, using a Cessna 206high-wing airplane flown at an altitude of 150 to 300 m and an airspeed of about 170 km/h. An observer sat in each rear seat, and a third observer, who also navigated and recorded the data directly onto maps, sat in the right front seat. Small animals close to another dugong were considered calves. The survey route, based on that of Brownell et al. (19Sl), covered much of the approximately 1,380 sq km of dugong habitat within the archipelago. The islands are surrounded by very deep water, which restricts dugong habitat to lagoon areas within about 3 km of shore. Surveys were flown about 0.5 km offshore and the same distance inside the fringing reefs, with transects about 1 km apart across the larger lagoons. The coast was divided into the same 12 segments used by Brownell et al. (1981) (Fig. 1). However, the area outside the western fringing reef was not surveyed because no dugongs were sighted there in either1977 or 1978. We surveyed the entire archipelago twice and carried out replicated surveys of the lagoon areas and Malakal Harbor, which had been used by relatively large numbers of dugongs in 1977 and 1978 (Table 1). The total survey time was 15 h.265Help Volumes Main Menu</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00206.x","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., Brownell, R.L., Ralls, K., and Engbring, J., 1988, Status of dugongs in waters around Palau: Marine Mammal Science, v. 4, no. 3, p. 265-270, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00206.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Palau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              133.35332416276947,\n              9.076820896257118\n            ],\n            [\n              133.35332416276947,\n              5.97862182054736\n            ],\n            [\n              136.64143081495126,\n              5.97862182054736\n            ],\n            [\n              136.64143081495126,\n              9.076820896257118\n            ],\n            [\n              133.35332416276947,\n              9.076820896257118\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, Galen B.","contributorId":17571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Galen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownell, Robert L. Jr.","contributorId":62948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralls, Katherine","contributorId":37900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralls","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engbring, John","contributorId":6324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engbring","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5220771,"text":"5220771 - 1988 - Sublethal landrin toxicity: Behavioral and physiological effects on captive vultures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-12T12:44:41","indexId":"5220771","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sublethal landrin toxicity: Behavioral and physiological effects on captive vultures","docAbstract":"Use of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) has been proposed to reduce consumption of California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) eggs by ravens (Corvus corax). Although landrin has induced aversions in ravens and other birds, no data were available on behavioral and physiological effects of landrin on condors, non-target birds that might consume treated eggs. Because condors are endangered, we selected taxonomically related surrogates to approximate the effects on condors of acute oral doses of landrin. Seven black vultures (Coragyps atratus), 2 turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), and 2 king vultures (Sarcoramphus papa) received landrin and placebo treatments 1 week apart. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was monitored at zero, 3, and 24 hours posttreatment, and behavioral observations were made for 2 hours posttreatment. The doses tested were nonlethal, and ChE levels approached normal within 24 hours after treatment. Only the frequency of vomiting differed statistically between the placebo and landrin treatment. We conclude that with appropriate precautions, landrin can be used in applications of CTA to discourage consumption of condor eggs by ravens, while posing no apparent risk to reintroduced condors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3801227","usgsCitation":"Forthman-Quick, D., and Hill, E.F., 1988, Sublethal landrin toxicity: Behavioral and physiological effects on captive vultures: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 233-237, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801227.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17879,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3801227","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forthman-Quick, D.L.","contributorId":50621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forthman-Quick","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231786,"text":"70231786 - 1988 - The use of Landsat MSS data to map eelgrass in Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T14:33:43.1675","indexId":"70231786","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-01T09:23:56","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of Landsat MSS data to map eelgrass in Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, resource technology 88: International Symposium on Advanced Technology in Natural Resource Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Resource technology 88: International Symposium on Advanced Technology in Natural Resource Management","conferenceDate":"June 20-23, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, Colorado, United 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,{"id":70201448,"text":"wdrPA872 - 1988 - Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1987. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T12:14:13.940643","indexId":"wdrPA872","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-22T16:01:11","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-87-2","title":"Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1987. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA872","usgsCitation":"Loper, W., Behrendt, T., and Schaffstall, W., 1988, Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1987. 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,{"id":70006561,"text":"70006561 - 1988 - Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to <i>Daphnia pulex</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T13:19:54","indexId":"70006561","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-22T13:13:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":443,"text":"Proceedings of the QSAR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"title":"Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to <i>Daphnia pulex</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i>","docAbstract":"<p>In the Laurentian Great Lakes, more than 300 contaminants have been identified in fish, other biota, water, and sediment. Current hazard assessment of these chemicals by the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes is based on their toxicity, occurrence in the environment, and source. Although scientists at the Center have tested over 70 chemicals with the crustacean <i>Daphnia pulex</i>, the number of experimental data needed to screen the huge array of chemicals in the Great Lakes exceeds the practical capabilities of conducting bioassays. This limitation can be partly circumvented, however, by using mathematical models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to provide rapid, inexpensive estimates of toxicity. Many properties of chemicals, including toxicity, bioaccumulation and water solubility are well correlated and can be predicted by equations of the generalized linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). The equation we used to model solute toxicity is Toxicity = constant + <u>m</u>VI/100 + <u>s</u> (π* + dδ) + <u>b</u>βm + <u>a</u>αm where VI = intrinsic (Van der Waals) molar volume; π* = molecular dipolarity/polarizability; δ = polarizability 'correction term'; βm = solute hydrogen bond acceptor basicity; and αm = solute hydrogen bond donor acidity. The subscript m designates solute monomer values for α and β. We applied the LSER model to 48-h acute toxicity data (measured as immobilization) for six classes of chemicals detected in Great Lakes fish. The following regression was obtained for <i>Daphnia pulex</i> (concentration = μM): log EC50 = 4.86 - 4.35 VI/100; N = 38, r2 = 0.867, sd = 0.403 We also used the LSER modeling approach to analyze to a large published data set of 24-h acute toxicity for <i>Daphnia magna</i>; the following regression resulted, for eight classes of compounds (concentration = mM): log EC50 = 3.88 - 4.52 VI/100 - 1.62 π* + 1.66 βm - 0.916 αm; N = 62, r2 = 0.859, sd = 0.375 In addition we developed computer software that identifies chemical structures, estimates the LSER parameters, and predicts toxicity. The LSER models promise to be effective in differentiating between reactive and nonreactive toxicity behavior where other models have failed. Contaminants with reactive behavior are generally the most toxic and rank highest in hazard assessment of environmental chemicals.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the QSAR: third international workshop on quantitative structure-activity relationships in environmental toxicology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the QSAR: third international workshop on quantitative structure-activity relationships in environmental toxicology","conferenceDate":"1988-05-21T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Knoxville, TN","language":"English","publisher":"National Technical Information Service","publisherLocation":"Springfield, VA","usgsCitation":"Passino, D., Hickey, J.P., and Frank, A.M., 1988, Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to <i>Daphnia pulex</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i>: Proceedings of the QSAR, p. 131-146.","productDescription":"p. 131-146","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"The Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f5e4b07b8813a554d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passino, Dora R. M.","contributorId":29345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino","given":"Dora R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, Anthony M.","contributorId":28922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70234244,"text":"70234244 - 1988 - Vertical seismic profiling of Oroville microearthquakes: Velocity spectra and particle motion as a function of depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T16:20:39.515949","indexId":"70234244","displayToPublicDate":"1988-04-01T10:08:11","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical seismic profiling of Oroville microearthquakes: Velocity spectra and particle motion as a function of depth","docAbstract":"<p>Direct evidence of site distortion of&nbsp;<i>P</i>- and&nbsp;<i>S</i>-wave microearthquake source spectra at Oroville, California, is presented. The data were gathered by placing vertical and three-component seismometers at 90 m intervals in a 500 m borehole through the Cleveland Hill normal fault, on which the 1975,&nbsp;<i>M<sub>L</sub></i>&nbsp;= 5.7 Oroville earthquake took place. High-pressure, hydraulic locking mechanisms were used to firmly lock the seismometer packages against the borehole wall. Digital, event-triggering GEOS recorders were used to receive the data. Some 30 seismic events, including 12 microearthquakes, were recorded during the 4 months the seismometers were deployed.</p><p>By comparing the velocity spectra of microearthquake waves at the different depths, it can be seen that scattering and attenuation in the shallow crust around the borehole dominantly affect high-frequency&nbsp;<i>S</i>&nbsp;waves. Above 15 Hz, the value of the apparent&nbsp;<i>S</i>-wave quality factor,&nbsp;<i>Q<sub>as</sub></i>, for the upper 500 m of crust at this site is 9. One feature of this low&nbsp;<i>Q<sub>as</sub></i>&nbsp;is a gross difference between&nbsp;<i>S</i>-wave “corner” frequencies observed at ground level and 500 m downhole. For example, the uphole and downhole&nbsp;<i>S</i>-wave corner frequencies for the&nbsp;<i>M<sub>coda</sub></i>&nbsp;= 0.4 microearthquake of Julian Day 259 differ by a factor of 2 or more. Low quality factors and depth-dependent corner frequencies were also observed for&nbsp;<i>P</i>&nbsp;waves, but these data are less definitive due to lower signal-to-noise ratios.</p><p>Based on their three-component particle motions and polarizations, the direct&nbsp;<i>S</i>&nbsp;waves of the microearthquakes appear to be composed of two phases, which have similar amplitudes but different apparent velocities. It is possible that the velocity differences are a result of anisotropy in the underlying rock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780020401","usgsCitation":"Malin, P.E., Waller, J.A., Borcherdt, R.D., Cranswick, E., Jensen, E.G., and Van Schaak, J., 1988, Vertical seismic profiling of Oroville microearthquakes: Velocity spectra and particle motion as a function of depth: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 2, p. 401-420, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780020401.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"420","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/2/401/338588/Vertical-seismic-profiling-of-Oroville"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Oroville","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.68937683105467,\n              39.442556532077376\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.45660400390624,\n              39.442556532077376\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.45660400390624,\n              39.55964762177084\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.68937683105467,\n              39.55964762177084\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.68937683105467,\n              39.442556532077376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malin, P. E.","contributorId":127300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, J. A.","contributorId":294545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, Edward G. gjensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Edward","email":"gjensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":848315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Schaak, J.","contributorId":294546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Schaak","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185533,"text":"70185533 - 1988 - Internal inconsistencies in dispersion-dominated models that incorporate chemical and microbial kinetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T13:49:53","indexId":"70185533","displayToPublicDate":"1988-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal inconsistencies in dispersion-dominated models that incorporate chemical and microbial kinetics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Current understanding of transport processes in aquifers is limited by lack of precise point chemical concentration measurements. Recently, however, some careful measurements of vertical chemical concentration profiles have been made at several locations around the world that appear to support a consistent picture concerning the persistence of large vertical concentration gradients in aquifers and, by implication, the existence of very small vertical transverse dispersivities. These data were obtained in aquifers supporting microbial activity. Data analysis using a mathematical model which considers microbial degradation coupled to nutrient and oxygen transport indicates that a vertical transverse dispersivity on the order of 0.1 cm or less is consistent with the concentration gradients that were measured. The existence of such large gradients and low dispersivities is not consistent with the use of two-dimensional vertically averaged (areal) models as currently applied, especially if one is interested in the development of transport models with predictive capability beyond that associated with standard calibration and extrapolation. Even three-dimensional models with large vertical transverse dispersivities compared to those measured will produce results inconsistent with measurements. Microbial-chemical activity is very sensitive to concentration distributions. Smearing of the oxygen profile can result in the prediction of aerobic activity where, in fact, none exists.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i004p00615","usgsCitation":"Molz, F.J., and Widdowson, M.A., 1988, Internal inconsistencies in dispersion-dominated models that incorporate chemical and microbial kinetics: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 4, p. 615-619, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i004p00615.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"619","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molz, Fred J.","contributorId":189737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molz","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, Mark A.","contributorId":90379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220773,"text":"5220773 - 1988 - The effects of hunting on survival rates of American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T16:39:58.297771","indexId":"5220773","displayToPublicDate":"1988-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of hunting on survival rates of American black ducks","docAbstract":"<p>Using data from 10 preseason and 10 winter major reference areas from 1950-83, the authors tested hypotheses regarding the effects of hunting on the survival and recovery rates of the American black duck (<i>Anas rubripes</i>). Although estimates of the proportion of total annual mortality due to hunting are low (35% for ad and 45% for young) compared to Blandin's (1982) estimates, mean mortality and kill rates have increased since 1982. When hunting regulations were liberalized, recovery rates increased and survival rates decreased in males whereas only recovery rates increased in females. Changes in hunting regulations appeared to affect survival rates of adult males and young American black ducks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801225","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., Conroy, M.J., Hines, J., and Percival, H., 1988, The effects of hunting on survival rates of American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 214-226, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801225.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.89812912152716,\n              48.28156213734857\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.89812912152716,\n              39.700046475534975\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.76361401019602,\n              39.700046475534975\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.76361401019602,\n              48.28156213734857\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.89812912152716,\n              48.28156213734857\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G.","contributorId":340950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":81684,"text":"Retired USGS, CRU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Percival, H. Frankin","contributorId":40286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H. Frankin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176390,"text":"70176390 - 1988 - Seismic design and engineering research at the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T11:42:57","indexId":"70176390","displayToPublicDate":"1988-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic design and engineering research at the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>The Engineering Seismology Element of the USGS Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program is responsible for the coordination and operation of the National Strong Motion Network to collect, process, and disseminate earthquake strong-motion data; and, the development of improved methodologies to estimate and predict earthquake ground motion. &nbsp;Instrumental observations of strong ground shaking induced by damaging earthquakes and the corresponding response of man-made structures provide the basis for estimating the severity of shaking from future earthquakes, for earthquake-resistant design, and for understanding the physics of seismologic failure in the Earth's crust.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Seismic design and engineering research at the U.S. Geological Survey: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 6, p. 219-223.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"223","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d7d1c5e4b090824ff98e3e"}
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