{"pageNumber":"1496","pageRowStart":"37375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41028,"records":[{"id":70013364,"text":"70013364 - 1985 - PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013364","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING.","docAbstract":"A viable rheological model should consist of both a time-independent part and a time-dependent part. A generalized viscoplastic fluid model that has both parts as well as two major rheological properties (i. e. , the normal stress effect and soil yield criteria) is shown to be sufficiently accurate, yet practical, for general use in debris flow modeling. Other rheological models, such as the Bingham plastic fluid model and the so-called Coulomb-viscous model, are compared in terms of the generalized viscoplastic fluid model.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1985, PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 733-741.","startPage":"733","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7375e4b0c8380cd7704d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013336,"text":"70013336 - 1985 - U. S. G. S. MODULAR GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL: DESIGNED TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND ADAPTED.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013336","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U. S. G. S. MODULAR GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL: DESIGNED TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND ADAPTED.","docAbstract":"The paper discusses a carefully designed model program and its complementary complete description of all of the physical and mathematical concepts used in the model. The model program consists of a series of independent subroutines called modules. Modules are grouped by hydrologic function into 'packages. ' A report describing the model was written in three levels. At one level the hydrologic concepts on which the model is based are explained. The second level describes how the concepts were incorporated into the program. The third level describes specific modules in sufficient depth to permit modifications to the model.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M.G., and Harbaugh, A.W., 1985, U. S. G. S. MODULAR GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL: DESIGNED TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND ADAPTED., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 1225-1230.","startPage":"1225","endPage":"1230","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9e5e4b08c986b327eb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Michael G.","contributorId":47352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013327,"text":"70013327 - 1985 - URBAN STORMWATER INVESTIGATIONS BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013327","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"URBAN STORMWATER INVESTIGATIONS BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"Urban stormwater hydrology studies in the U. S. Geological Survey are currently focused on compilation of national data bases containing flood-peak and short time-interval rainfall, discharge and water-quality information for urban watersheds. Current data bases, updated annually, are nationwide in scope. Supplementing the national data files are published reports of interpretative analyses, a map report and research products including improved instrumentation and deterministic modeling capabilities. New directions of Survey investigations include gaging programs for very small catchments and for stormwater detention facilities.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., 1985, URBAN STORMWATER INVESTIGATIONS BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 539-543.","startPage":"539","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb42e4b08c986b3285d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013325,"text":"70013325 - 1985 - MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70013325","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?","docAbstract":"Remote sensing from satellites provides a unique tool to measure the parameters of the Earth on a worldwide scale. A number of organizations are currently engaged in, or proposing to embark on, worldwide measurement/monitoring programs. Program objectives vary in type and complexity, including a form of technical library and an ambitious experiment to validate algorithms to derive land surface climatological parameters. Modeling and understanding the Earth as an integrated system is an immense undertaking and will require at least as many measurements as currently acquired. Development of a long-term program of Earth system monitoring/modeling, such as the International Global Change Program proposed by the International Council of Scientific Unions, could provide the necessary focus and structure for effective international coordination and cooperation.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 51st Annual Meeting, 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention: Theodolite to Satellite.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294640","usgsCitation":"Thorley, G.A., 1985, MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?, <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting, v. 2, Washington, DC, USA.","startPage":"766","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aeae4b0c8380cd6914a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorley, Gene A.","contributorId":55957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorley","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013316,"text":"70013316 - 1985 - Summary of geochemical transport experiments and models for solute-sediment interactions in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T11:34:59","indexId":"70013316","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Summary of geochemical transport experiments and models for solute-sediment interactions in streams","docAbstract":"A variety of in-stream experiments have been conducted in small, mountain streams to investigate in-stream solute transport, interactions between surface and subsurface flows, and geochemical interactions between solutes and sediments. Models for cation transport have been developed. The emphasis has been on attempting to demonstrate the relative roles of physical transport processes and geochemical reactions. A summary of experiments conducted in three streams is presented.","largerWorkTitle":"National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry","conferenceTitle":"189th National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Volume 25 Number 1.","conferenceLocation":"Miami, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"02703009","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Zellweger, G.W., McKnight, D.M., Kennedy, V.C., and Jackman, A.P., 1985, Summary of geochemical transport experiments and models for solute-sediment interactions in streams, <i>in</i> National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, v. 25, no. 1, Miami, FL, USA, p. 249-250.","startPage":"249","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafa6e4b0c8380cd876f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":365801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013907,"text":"70013907 - 1985 - Prediction of central California earthquakes from soil-gas helium fluctuations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70013907","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of central California earthquakes from soil-gas helium fluctuations","docAbstract":"The observations of short-term decreases in helium soil-gas concentrations along the San Andreas Fault in central California have been correlated with subsequent earthquake activity. The area of study is elliptical in shape with radii approximately 160??80 km, centered near San Benito, and with the major axis parallel to the Fault. For 83 percent of the M>4 earthquakes in this area a helium decrease preceded seismic activity by 1.5 to 6.5 weeks. There were several earthquakes without a decrease and several decreases without a corresponding earthquake. Owing to complex and unresolved interaction of many geophysical and geochemical parameters, no suitable model is yet developed to explain the observations. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874605","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Reimer, G., 1985, Prediction of central California earthquakes from soil-gas helium fluctuations: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 2-4, p. 369-375, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874605.","startPage":"369","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205682,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874605"},{"id":226116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81ebe4b0c8380cd7b7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013903,"text":"70013903 - 1985 - Instability model for recurring large and great earthquakes in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70013903","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instability model for recurring large and great earthquakes in southern California","docAbstract":"The locked section of the San Andreas fault in southern California has experienced a number of large and great earthquakes in the past, and thus is expected to have more in the future. To estimate the location, time, and slip of the next few earthquakes, an earthquake instability model is formulated. The model is similar to one recently developed for moderate earthquakes on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California. In both models, unstable faulting (the earthquake analog) is caused by failure of all or part of a patch of brittle, strain-softening fault zone. In the present model the patch extends downward from the ground surface to about 12 km depth, and extends 500 km along strike from Parkfield to the Salton Sea. The variation of patch strength along strike is adjusted by trial until the computed sequence of instabilities matches the sequence of large and great earthquakes since a.d. 1080 reported by Sieh and others. The last earthquake was the M=8.3 Ft. Tejon event in 1857. The resulting strength variation has five contiguous sections of alternately low and high strength. From north to south, the approximate locations of the sections are: (1) Parkfield to Bitterwater Valley, (2) Bitterwater Valley to Lake Hughes, (3) Lake Hughes to San Bernardino, (4) San Bernardino to Palm Springs, and (5) Palm Springs to the Salton Sea. Sections 1, 3, and 5 have strengths between 53 and 88 bars; sections 2 and 4 have strengths between 164 and 193 bars. Patch section ends and unstable rupture ends usually coincide, although one or more adjacent patch sections may fail unstably at once. The model predicts that the next sections of the fault to slip unstably will be 1, 3, and 5; the order and dates depend on the assumed length of an earthquake rupture in about 1700. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00876385","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W., 1985, Instability model for recurring large and great earthquakes in southern California: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 6, p. 793-811, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876385.","startPage":"793","endPage":"811","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876385"}],"volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c23e4b0c8380cd62ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013300,"text":"70013300 - 1985 - APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013300","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS.","docAbstract":"Acoustic-logging methods using a considerable range of wavelengths and frequencies have proven very useful in the in situ characterization of deeply buried crystalline rocks. Seismic velocities are useful in investigating the moduli of unfractured rock, and in producing a continuous record of rock quality for comparison with discontinuous intervals of core. The considerable range of frequencies makes the investigation of scale effects possible in both fractured and unfractured rock. Several specific methods for the characterization of in situ permeability have been developed and verified in the field.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics","conferenceTitle":"Research & Engineering Applications in Rock Masses, Proceedings of the 26th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics.","conferenceLocation":"Rapid City, SD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"A. A. Balkema","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Neth","issn":"0085574X","isbn":"9061916011","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1985, APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS., <i>in</i> Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics, v. 1, Rapid City, SD, USA, p. 207-220.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e631e4b0c8380cd4722c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013280,"text":"70013280 - 1985 - An assessment of the near-surface accuracy of the international geomagnetic reference field 1980 model of the main geomagnetic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:32:59","indexId":"70013280","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of the near-surface accuracy of the international geomagnetic reference field 1980 model of the main geomagnetic field","docAbstract":"The new International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model of the main geomagnetic field for 1980 is based heavily on measurements from the MAGSAT satellite survey. Assessment of the accuracy of the new model, as a description of the main field near the Earth's surface, is important because the accuracy of models derived from satellite data can be adversely affected by the magnetic field of electric currents in the ionosphere and the auroral zones. Until now, statements about its accuracy have been based on the 6 published assessments of the 2 proposed models from which it was derived. However, those assessments were either regional in scope or were based mainly on preliminary or extrapolated data. Here we assess the near-surface accuracy of the new model by comparing it with values for 1980 derived from annual means from 69 magnetic observatories, and by comparing it with WC80, a model derived from near-surface data. The comparison with observatory-derived data shows that the new model describes the field at the 69 observatories about as accurately as would a model derived solely from near-surface data. The comparison with WC80 shows that the 2 models agree closely in their description of D and I near the surface. These comparisons support the proposition that the new IGRF 1980 main-field model is a generally accurate description of the main field near the Earth's surface in 1980. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(85)90056-1","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Peddie, N., and Zunde, A., 1985, An assessment of the near-surface accuracy of the international geomagnetic reference field 1980 model of the main geomagnetic field: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 37, no. 1, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90056-1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267339,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90056-1"},{"id":219972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1ae4b0c8380cd4862b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peddie, N.W.","contributorId":75911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"N.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zunde, A.K.","contributorId":21946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zunde","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013266,"text":"70013266 - 1985 - MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:17","indexId":"70013266","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER.","docAbstract":"The Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM) offers an effective and efficient means for modeling two-dimensional potential and related flow problems. The method has been applied to various hydraulic and hydrodynamic problems - surface water, ground water, and other flows - and has proven its accuracy, reliability and usefulness. The paper describes the CVBEM and its application.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., and Hromadka, T., 1985, MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 444-449.","startPage":"444","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad3e4b0c8380cd690a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013253,"text":"70013253 - 1985 - Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T15:54:19.796466","indexId":"70013253","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Shelikof Strait, a nearly parallel-sided marine channel between the Kodiak Island group and the Alaska Peninsula, has experienced a succession of distinct sedimentary environments during Quaternary time. Pleistocene glaciers carved a deep basin into bedrock in the southwest part of the strait and a shallower platform surface with incised channels in the northeast. The basin and channels were filled with glacial and glacialmarine sediment before and during the time that ice retreated and oceanic conditions returned. Restricted marine conditions prevailed in early Holocene time and sediment prograded transversely into the strait from the adjacent landmasses, with some localized dispersal to the deep, central strait. Onset of modern open-marine conditions commenced when regional currents breached the sill across Kennedy and Stevenson Entrances to combine with sediment-laden outflow from Cook Inlet and deposit a blanket of well-stratified sediment throughout the strait.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90118-5","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., 1985, Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 62, no. 3-4, p. 213-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90118-5.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"253","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shelikof Strait","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.31521315009502,\n              57.41329018484549\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.28348485588108,\n              57.41329018484549\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.28348485588108,\n              58.81251726586029\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.31521315009502,\n              58.81251726586029\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.31521315009502,\n              57.41329018484549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92d7e4b0c8380cd80aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013252,"text":"70013252 - 1985 - SIMULATING FLOW IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013252","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SIMULATING FLOW IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER.","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional unsteady flow model has been applied to the tidal Potomac River, including its major tributaries and marginal embayments, between Washington, D. C. and Indian Head, Md. The computer model has been calibrated to simulate the combined effects of tide, freshwater inflows, and wind conditions governing flow in the system of channels. The comprehensive flow data provided by the model can be used to better understand the physical, geochemical, biological, and other processes that affect the river's water quality.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1985, SIMULATING FLOW IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 134-140.","startPage":"134","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf56e4b0c8380cd8752e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013192,"text":"70013192 - 1985 - Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:21:35","indexId":"70013192","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype","docAbstract":"A study of the potential to produce a National Atlas sectional prototype from the 1:2,000,000-scale data base was concluded recently by the National Mapping Division, U. S. Geological Survey. This paper discusses the specific digital cartographic production procedures involved in the preparation of the prototype map, as well as the theoretical and practical cartographic framework for the study. Such items as data organization, data classification, digital techniques, data conversions, and modification of traditional design specifications for an automated environment are discussed. The bulk of the cartographic work for the production of the prototype was carried out in raster format on the Scitex Response-250 mapping system.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 45th Annual Meeting - ACSM: Theodolite to Satellite. Papers presented at the 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention (American Society of Photogrammetry).","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","issn":"07483244","usgsCitation":"Dixon, D.M., 1985, Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype, <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 483-491.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"491","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e631e4b0c8380cd47226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, Donna M.","contributorId":86895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013135,"text":"70013135 - 1985 - Apertural features and surface texture of upper Paleogene biserial planktonic foraminifers: links between Chiloguembelina and Streptochilus.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T12:11:51","indexId":"70013135","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apertural features and surface texture of upper Paleogene biserial planktonic foraminifers: links between Chiloguembelina and Streptochilus.","docAbstract":"Several upper Paleogene species of Chiloguembelina have an internal apertural plate that is very similar to the internal plate typical of the Neogene genus Streptochilus. The type species of Chiloguembelina, C. midwayensis midwayensis (Cushman), however, lacks any internal apertural structure or modifications. Therefore, the following 'Chiloguembelina', which have an internal plate, are assigned to Streptochilus: S. cubensis (Palmer), S. martini (Pijpers) and S. sp.aff. S. martini. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.1","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., and Gosnell, L., 1985, Apertural features and surface texture of upper Paleogene biserial planktonic foraminifers: links between Chiloguembelina and Streptochilus.: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269897,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec71e4b0c8380cd49290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gosnell, L.B.","contributorId":78086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosnell","given":"L.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013126,"text":"70013126 - 1985 - Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T17:12:45.512594","indexId":"70013126","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p>The largest gas fields in the Rocky Mountain region occur in abnormally pressured reservoirs. These gas accumulations are different from more conventional gas accumulations in that they are commonly located in basin-center positions, they occur downdip from water-bearing rocks, and they are in overpressured or underpressured low-permeability reservoirs. We suggest that overpressured and underpressured gas accumulations of this type have a common origin.</p><p>In basins containing overpressured gas accumulations, rates of thermogenic gas accumulation exceed gas loss, causing fluid (gas) pressure to rise above the regional hydrostatic pressure. Within the overpressured gas generation zone, free water in the larger pores is forced out of the gas generation zone into overlying and updip, normally pressured, water-bearing rocks. The remaining tightly bound water, at irreducible saturation levels, cannot remove dissolution products, precluding significant permeability and porosity enhancement. Thus, while other diagenetic processes continue, a pore network with very low permeability develops. As a result, gas accumulates in these low-permeability reservoirs at rates higher than it is lost.</p><p>In basins containing underpressured gas accumulations, rates of gas generation and accumulation are less than gas loss. These basins have typically experienced significant uplift and erosion and/or temporal variations of paleotemperature. Despite these modifications, the basin-center gas accumulation persists, but because of changes in the basin dynamics, the overpressured accumulation evolves into an underpressured system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD462BD7-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Law, B.E., and Dickinson, W.W., 1985, Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1295-1304, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD462BD7-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1295","endPage":"1304","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dee4b0c8380cd4b444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, B. E.","contributorId":17586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickinson, W. W.","contributorId":97123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013123,"text":"70013123 - 1985 - Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 2. Case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:38:48","indexId":"70013123","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 2. Case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>A case study is presented which illustrates some of the error analysis, sensitivity analysis, and parameter estimation procedures reviewed in the first part of this paper. It is shown that those procedures, most of which come from statistical nonlinear regression theory, are invaluable in interpreting errors in precipitation-runoff modeling and in identifying appropriate calibration strategies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i008p01214","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., 1985, Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 2. Case study: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 8, p. 1214-1222, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i008p01214.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1214","endPage":"1222","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4ae4b0c8380cd522b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013117,"text":"70013117 - 1985 - ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013117","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.","docAbstract":"ANNIE is a data storage and retrieval system that was developed to reduce the time and effort required to calibrate, verify, and apply watershed models that continuously simulate water quantity and quality. Watershed models have three categories of input: parameters to describe segments of a drainage area, linkage of the segments, and time-series data. Additional goals for ANNIE include the development of software that is easily implemented on minicomputers and some microcomputers and software that has no special requirements for interactive display terminals. Another goal is for the user interaction to be based on the experience of the user so that ANNIE is helpful to the inexperienced user and yet efficient and brief for the experienced user. Finally, the code should be designed so that additional hydrologic models can easily be added to ANNIE.","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers).","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","usgsCitation":"Lumb, A.M., and Kittle, J.L., 1985, ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS., International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers)., Los Angeles, CA, USA, p. 91-93.","startPage":"91","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62ee4b0c8380cd47210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumb, Alan M.","contributorId":47792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumb","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kittle, John L.","contributorId":90468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013111,"text":"70013111 - 1985 - Element mobility studies of two drill-cores from the Götemar Granite (Kråkemåla test site), southeast Sweden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T15:59:04","indexId":"70013111","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Element mobility studies of two drill-cores from the Götemar Granite (Kråkemåla test site), southeast Sweden","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">A pilot study was carried out on two relatively deep drill-cores (&sim; 600 m) from the G&ouml;temar Granite massif in S.E. Sweden. This granite is typical of the 1400-Ma anorogenic granites of the northern hemisphere. Samples from representative, unfractured parts of the cores, together with four samples taken along a profile tangential to a fracture plane at &sim; 280-m depth, were investigated chemically, mineralogically and isotopically. The results show that after crystallisation, subtle and pervasive open-system modifications of the trace-element chemistry of the granite took place. Whereas the major-element chemistry and minera-logical data emphasised the relative homogeneity of the G&ouml;temar Granite samples investigated, trace elements such as U, Rb, and Pb revealed irregular distributions which are probably the result of large-scale hydrothermal alteration processes. This conclusion is supported by isotopic studies which indicate that whole-rock samples were open to a gain or loss of Pb and possibly U at &sim; 420 &plusmn; 171 Ma ago. In addition, isotopic data for U-Pb and U-Ra are consistent with a recent minor loss of U.</p>\n<p id=\"\">The pervasive alteration and the more recent mobilisation of U are evident to a depth of at least 600 m. The effects are most prevalent along major fracture zones and within the upper 250&ndash;300 m of one drill-hole where a high frequency of crush zones has been noted. Higher Fe oxidation ratios, higher Rb contents, lower U contents and correspondingly higher Th/U ratios, all characterise this zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(85)90087-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Smellie, J.A., and Stuckless, J.S., 1985, Element mobility studies of two drill-cores from the Götemar Granite (Kråkemåla test site), southeast Sweden: Chemical Geology, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 55-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90087-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266110,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90087-7"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08b7e4b0c8380cd51c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smellie, John A.T.","contributorId":26437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smellie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013102,"text":"70013102 - 1985 - Durangite from the Black Range, New Mexico, and new data on durangite from Durango and Cornwall.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013102","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Durangite from the Black Range, New Mexico, and new data on durangite from Durango and Cornwall.","docAbstract":"Durangite, associated with cassiterite, hematite, quartz, tridymite, cristobalite and clinopyroxene, occurs in small veinlets within flows, ash-flow tuffs and lithic tuffs in a tin mine near Boiler Peak, New Mexico. It is clear to semi-translucent, pale yellow-orange to medium orange-red with a vitreous lustre, pale yellow streak; H. 5-5.5%; irregular to conchoidal fracture and a good (110) cleavage; elongate along c with (110), (010), (021) and (111) the prominent forms; Dmeas 3.90, Dcalc 3.92 g/cm3; alpha medium yellow orange 1.634(3), beta pale yellow orange 1.663(3), gamma colourless 1.685(3); weak to moderate dispersion r < v. The structural formula is: (Na0.93Li0.07)SIGMA 1.00(Al0.89Fe0.07Mn0.06)SIGMA 1.02As0.99O4(F0.90(OH)0.07)SIGMA 0.97. Indexed XRD powder data are tabulated; a 6.574(1), b 8.505(2), c 7.019(1) A, beta 115.34o; space group C2/c; Z = 4. Additional X-ray and chemical data on durangite from Durango and Cornwall are also included.-L.T.T.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., Oakman, M., and Maxwell, C.H., 1985, Durangite from the Black Range, New Mexico, and new data on durangite from Durango and Cornwall.: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 23, no. 2, p. 241-246.","startPage":"241","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0417e4b0c8380cd5079d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakman, M.R.","contributorId":23163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakman","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maxwell, C. H.","contributorId":35343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013100,"text":"70013100 - 1985 - GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70013100","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.","docAbstract":"The number or types of origins of the components of a coal bed cannot be determined from its bulk composition. Minerals such as quartz, calcite, and pyrite as well as macerals such as vitrinite can originate from a variety of processes that result from different depositional conditions. The Upper Freeport coal bed was studied and characterized by sampling and analyzing its mappable subunits (facies) over a 120-sq mi area in west-central Pennsylvania. The study was based on field description of mine faces and description of X-ray radiographs of core. A geochemical model proposed for the origin of facies of the Upper Freeport coal bed is consistent with interpretations of modern peat formation resulting from the interaction of climate, plant types, rainfall, ground water geochemistry, nutrient supply, and sedimentation. This model provides a means to evaluate and predict more precisely the variability of a coal resource's quality.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Pittsburgh","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","usgsCitation":"Stanton, R., Cecil, C.B., Pierce, B., Ruppert, L., and Dulong, F., 1985, GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA., Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.","startPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1450e4b0c8380cd549c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013097,"text":"70013097 - 1985 - Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:33:54","indexId":"70013097","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors","docAbstract":"Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley Farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers (AEROCHEM METRICS MODEL 301) were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods. This design was used to determine if: (1) collection efficiences of precipitation are affected by small distances between the Universal (Belfort) precipitation gage and collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and (3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary significantly within small distances. Average collection efficiencies were 97% for weekly sampling periods compared with the rain gage. Collection efficiencies were examined by seasons and precipitation volume. Neither factor significantly affected collection efficiency. No evaporation loss was found by comparing daily sampling to weekly sampling at the collection site, which was classified as a subtropical climate. Correlation coefficients for pH and specific conductance of daily samples and weekly samples ranged from 0.83 to 0.99.Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods. This design was used to determine if: (1) collection efficiencies of precipitation are affected by small distances between the University (Belfort) precipitation gage and collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and (3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary significantly within small distances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00285443","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Schroder, L., Linthurst, R., Ellson, J., and Vozzo, S., 1985, Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 24, no. 2, p. 177-187, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285443.","startPage":"177","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267663,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285443"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f858e4b0c8380cd4d039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linthurst, R.A.","contributorId":27604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linthurst","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellson, J.E.","contributorId":97628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vozzo, S.F.","contributorId":104623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vozzo","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013093,"text":"70013093 - 1985 - Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:02:29","indexId":"70013093","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interannual modes of streamflow variation at 106 locations across the United States during the period 1931–1978 are defined by using principal components. Five statistically significant components are found to account for more than 56% of the total streamflow variance. The first principal component represents a nationwide tendency for either above- or below-mean streamflow. The second component represents a north-south opposition in departures from mean flow, and the third, an east-west opposition. Higher-order components (fourth and fifth) geographically depict regional patterns of opposition in the sign of streamflow departures between coastal-continental areas and between the northern and southern plains, respectively. Analyses using spatially and temporally modified data sets indicate that the first three components (which explain 45% of the variance) are quite stable spatially, while only the first component is stable temporally. Time series analysis of principal component scores indicates that all but the fourth component are first-order autoregressive processes, as is mean annual nationwide streamflow. The fourth component is an autoregressive (AR)(2) process. In general, the principal components of streamflow are found to exhibit more persistence over annual time scales than the mean annual flow data themselves.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00691","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 1985, Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00691.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce6e4b0c8380cd63139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013088,"text":"70013088 - 1985 - The 1983 hydraulic jump in Crystal Rapid: Implications for river- running and geomorphic evolution in the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:29:54.8765","indexId":"70013088","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1983 hydraulic jump in Crystal Rapid: Implications for river- running and geomorphic evolution in the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"At Crystal Creek, a debris fan was emplaced in 1966, constricting the channel of the Colorado River to about 0.25 of its upstream width between 1967 and 1983, forming a major rapid. The hydraulics of Crystal Creek rapid are described, and an analysis is presented to support the hypothesis that the major wave in the rapid was a normal wave (one type of hydraulic jump). Hydraulic jumps rarely occur in natural river channels with erodible beds, but one was present at Crystal Rapid because of the unusually severe constriction of the Colorado River by the 1966 debris fan. A quantitative model for river debris fan shapes is proposed and is used to estimate prehistoric flood levels from the observed constrictions: the 0.5 value of river constriction found at the more mature debris fans in the Grand Canyon suggests that peak flood discharges of approximately 11 320 m3/s have occurred. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/628962","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., 1985, The 1983 hydraulic jump in Crystal Rapid: Implications for river- running and geomorphic evolution in the Grand Canyon: Journal of Geology, v. 93, no. 4, p. 385-406, https://doi.org/10.1086/628962.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba62ae4b08c986b320f29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013087,"text":"70013087 - 1985 - Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:35","indexId":"70013087","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon","docAbstract":"Marine organic carbon is heavier isotopically (13C enriched) than most land-plant or terrestrial organic C1. Accordingly, ??13C values of organic C in modern marine sediments are routinely interpreted in terms of the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial sources of the preserved organic matter2,3. When independent geochemical techniques are used to evaluate the source of organic matter in Cretaceous or older rocks, those rocks containing mostly marine organic C are found typically to have lighter (more-negative) ??13C values than rocks containing mostly terrestrial organic C. Here we conclude that marine photosynthesis in mid-Cretaceous and earlier oceans generally resulted in a greater fractionation of C isotopes and produced organic C having lighter ??13C values. Modern marine photosynthesis may be occurring under unusual geological conditions (higher oceanic primary production rates, lower PCO2) that limit dissolved CO2 availability and minimize carbon isotope fractionation4. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/315216a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M., Dean, W., and Claypool, G., 1985, Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon: Nature, v. 315, no. 6016, p. 216-218, https://doi.org/10.1038/315216a0.","startPage":"216","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205053,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315216a0"},{"id":220673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"6016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec45e4b0c8380cd49166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013082,"text":"70013082 - 1985 - More on the alleged 1970 geomagnetic jerk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:32:01","indexId":"70013082","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"More on the alleged 1970 geomagnetic jerk","docAbstract":"French and United Kingdom workers have published reports describing a sudden change in the secular acceleration, called an impulse or a jerk, which took place around 1970. They claim that this change took place in a period of a year or two and that the sources of the alleged jerk are internal. An earlier paper by this author questioned their method of analysis pointing out that their method of piecemeal fitting of parabolas to the data will always create a discontinuity in the secular acceleration where the parabolas join and that the place where the parabolas join is an a priori assumption and not a result of the analysis. This paper gives a very brief summary of this first paper and then adds additional reasons for questioning the allegation that there was a worldwide sudden jerk in the magnetic field of internal origin around 1970. These new reasons are based largely on new field models which give cubic approximations of the field right through the 1970 timeframe and therefore have no discontinuities in the second derivative (jerk) around 1970. Some recent Japanese work shows several sudden changes in the secular variation pattern which cover limited areas and do not seem to be closely related to each other or to the irregularity noted in the European area near 1970. The secular variation picture which seems to be emerging is one with many local or limited-regional secular variation changes which appear to be almost unrelated to each other in time or space. A worldwide spherical harmonic model including coefficients up to degree 13 could never properly depict such a situation. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(85)90138-4","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1985, More on the alleged 1970 geomagnetic jerk: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 39, no. 4, p. 255-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90138-4.","startPage":"255","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267338,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90138-4"},{"id":220569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e29e4b0c8380cd70833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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