Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
This study is part of a continued effort to assess the effects of urban stormwater recharge on the water quality of the Biscayne aquifer in southeast Florida. In this report, the water-quality effects on shallow ground water resulting from stormwater disposal by exfiltration trench and grassy swale were investigated at two small commercial areas in Dade County, Florida. One study area (airport) was located near the Miami International Airport and had a drainage area of about 10 acres overlying a sandy soil; the other study area (free zone) was located at the Miami International Free Trade Zone and had a drainage area of about 20 acres overlying limestone. The monitoring design for each study area consisted of seven sites and included water-quality sampling of the stormwater in the catch basin of the exfiltration trench, ground water from two wells 1 foot from the trench (trench wells), two wells 20 feet from the trench, and ground water from two wells at the swale from April 1985 through May 1986. Eleven water-quality variables (target variables) commonly found in high levels in urban stormwater runoff were used as tracers to estimate possible changes in ground-water quality that may have been caused by stormwater recharge.
Comparison of the distribution of target variables indicated that the concentrations tended to be greater in the stormwater in the exfiltration trench than in water from the two wells 1 foot from the trench at both study areas. The concentration difference for several target variables was statistically significant at the 5-percent level. Lead, for example, had median concentrations of 23 and 4 micrograms per liter, respectively, in stormwater and water from the two trench wells at the airport study area, and 38 and 2 micrograms per liter, respectively, in stormwater and groundwater at the free zone. Similar reductions in concentrations between stormwater and water from the two trench wells were indicated for zinc at both study areas and also for nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic content at the free zone. This trend suggested that the exfiltration trench at both study areas may function as a partial trap for some chemical substances present in stormwater.
A comparison of the distribution of the 11 target variables and major ionic composition in water from the two trench wells and the two wells 20 feet from the trench did not indicate a notable horizontal stratification at either study area. A vertical difference between 10 and 15 feet, however, was indicated at the free zone with major ions in greater concentrations at 15 feet. The vertical variability in groundwater near the trench at the free zone may have been the result of stormwater dilution in the upper (10-foot) zone.
The ground-water quality at the swale was quite dissimilar to that near the exfiltration trench at both the airport and free zone study areas. Data indicated that the groundwater environment at both sales was anaerobic as evidenced by abundant ammonia nitrogen and iron and trace levels of sulfate. Anaerobic conditions at the swale may have been the result of poor drainage and high organic content of soils. Significant biochemical cycling in the ground water at the swales precluded any assessment of quality effects that may result from storm-water infiltration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri884069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D.J., and Irwin, G.A., 1988, Effects of two stormwater management methods on the quality of water in the upper Biscayne aquifer at two commercial areas in Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4069, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884069.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57501,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4069/wri884069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"873 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":124540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4069/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne aquifer, Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.38799285888672,\n 25.760010550981168\n ],\n [\n -80.20362854003906,\n 25.760010550981168\n ],\n [\n -80.20362854003906,\n 25.869727228306154\n ],\n [\n -80.38799285888672,\n 25.869727228306154\n ],\n [\n -80.38799285888672,\n 25.760010550981168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Drainage and clearing of bottomland hardwoods have long been recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as important impacts of Federal water projects in the lower Mississippi River Valley. More recently, the water quality impacts of such projects (e.g., increases in sediments, nutrients, and pesticides) have also become of concern. In 1984, in an effort to better define problems concerning wetland losses and water degradation, EPA initiated a cooperative project with the Western Energy and Land Use Team (now the National Ecology Research Center) of the Service. Three phases of the project were identified:
\n1. To collect existing literature and data;
\n2. To select, develop, and test the utility of methods to quantify the relationships between land use, cover types, soils, hydrology, and water quality (as represented by sediment); and
\n3. To apply selected methodologies to several sites within the Yazoo Basin of Mississippi to determine the, potential effectiveness of various management alternatives to reduce sediment yield, increase sediment deposition, and improve water quality.
\nMethods development focused on linking a simulation of water and sediment movement to a computerized geographic information system. We had several objectives for the resulting model. We desired that it should:
\n1. Estimate the importance of bottomland and hardwoods as a cover type that performs the functions of erosion and sediment control,
\n2. Simulate effects of proportions of ' various cover types and their specific spatial configurations,
\n3. Be applicable to moderately large spatial areas with minimal site-specific calibration,
\n4. Simulate spatial patterns of sediment loss-gain over time, and
\n5. Represent both sediment detachment and transport.
\nWhile it was recognized that impacts and management alternatives could be sorted roughly into landscape measures and channel measures, the decision was made to focus study efforts mainly on landscape measures. Landscape measures include altered drainage and flooding patterns, altered cover types (e.g., conversion of bottomland hardwoods to agricultural crops, reforestation of cropland to bottomland hardwoods, and creation of riparian buffer strips), altered cropping and tillage patterns, altered routing of water, and creation of buffer strips along wetlands and channel margins. Channel measures include vegetative bank stabilization, grade control structures, and regulation of channel water volume and velocity.
\nDuring the first year of the study, EPA decided not to fund the third phase of the project. This required considerable rescoping of the project with the result that application of the sediment mobilization, routing, and deposition models to various management alternatives and portions of the Yazoo Basin was somewhat restricted. We believe, however, that this report will provide a good understanding of the various modes of sediment mobilization, transport, and deposition within the Yazoo Basin, as well as of the role of bottomland hardwoods. The model developed in this study could be applied to a variety of management or mitigation alternatives prior to implementation to determine their relative effectiveness. Policy, political, and socio-economic consequences of any proposed management/mitigation practice, however, must ultimately be taken into consideration by those charged with management of water resources within the Yazoo Basin before any practice is implemented. This study makes no effort to judge the feasibility of management alternatives in this regard.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Molinas, A., Auble, G.T., Segelquist, C., and Ischinger, L.S., 1988, Assessment of the role of bottomland hardwoods in sediment and erosion control, 116 p.","productDescription":"116 p.","numberOfPages":"116","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fd9f43e4b0adaeea6c4de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molinas, A.","contributorId":105235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molinas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segelquist, C.A.","contributorId":108410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ischinger, Lee S.","contributorId":34054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ischinger","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200785,"text":"70200785 - 1988 - Numerical analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper images of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T16:09:32","indexId":"70200785","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T16:08:57","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper images of Antarctica","docAbstract":"Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data from Dronning [Queen] Maud Land, Antarctica, have been analysed to provide insights into physical properties of the ice sheet. Brightness (at-satellite) temperatures calculated from digital numbers of the thermal band (TM band 6), using state-of-the-art equations and constants (Markham and Barker 1986), are 8° to 20°C lower than temperatures measured on the surface. Such differences cannot be ascribed to atmospheric absorption or to emissivity variations; instead, they suggest errors in either the sensor or instrument calibration for the temperature range 0° to −20°C. The results indicate an excess gain factor of about 1.63. The TM band 6 data seem to reproduce faithfully the relative temperature variations across the surface.
Principal components (PCs) calculated for TM bands 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 are presented for a region of the interior ice sheet. PCs are superior to individual bands or combinations of bands for analysing the main characteristics of an image, such as rendition of surface topography (mostly given in PCl), and for distinguishing between different surface materials (mostly given in PCs 2 and 3). Band ratioing was most useful for enhancing subtle albedo variations, such as those caused by changes in surface properties due to melting.
TM data of the region, collected 18 d apart, show large changes on the snow surface; strong patterns shown in PC2 and TM bands 5 and 7 of the earlier image were nearly faded 18 d later. These strong patterns are not present at visual wavelengths or in the thermal band, and we believe they reflect wind-related variations in the physical properties of the snow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S026030550000642X","usgsCitation":"Orheim, O., and Lucchitta, B.K., 1988, Numerical analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper images of Antarctica: Annals of Glaciology, v. 11, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.3189/S026030550000642X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s026030550000642x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113024e4b034bf6a824e3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orheim, Olav","contributorId":210340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orheim","given":"Olav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122705,"text":"70122705 - 1988 - The socially optimal and market utilization of ground-water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T13:16:06","indexId":"70122705","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T13:14:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Technical Publication Series TPS-88-2","title":"The socially optimal and market utilization of ground-water resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the symposium on water-use data for water resources management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., 1988, The socially optimal and market utilization of ground-water resources, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0f0e4b01f35f8fd6a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, A. J.","contributorId":11172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70122691,"text":"70122691 - 1988 - Results of a survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species and Ecological Services Field Offices, Refuges, Hatcheries, and Research Centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T12:38:21","indexId":"70122691","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T12:37:10","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NERC-88/30","title":"Results of a survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species and Ecological Services Field Offices, Refuges, Hatcheries, and Research Centers","docAbstract":"The National Ecology Research Center (Center), as part of an ongoing research study on the effects of low altitude aircraft operations on fish and wildlife, conducted a survey in January 1987 of all U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) regional directors, research center directors, Ecological Services and Endangered Species field offices supervisors, refuge manager, and hatchery manager. The objective of the survey was to determine the nature and extent of aircraft-induced impacts on fish and wildlife species, populations, and habitat utilization. The field installation managers and biologists were asked to provide background information or data on fish and wildlife reactions to low-altitude aircraft disturbances, including physiological, behavioral, and reproductive/population effects. Specifically, the survey asked for information such as: (1) observations of animal reaction(s) to aircraft operations, e.g., desert bighorn sheep scare behavior in response to aircraft overflights and hatchery fish seizures and death following intense sonic booms; and instances of areas where aircraft noise is known or believed to be responsible for reduced population size, e.g. areas along heavily used aircraft flight corridors where breeding waterfowl densities are lower than in similar habitat away from the noise area.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of aircraft noise and sonic booms on fish and wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Gladwin, D.N., Asherin, D.A., and Manci, K.M., 1988, Results of a survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species and Ecological Services Field Offices, Refuges, Hatcheries, and Research Centers, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0e8e4b01f35f8fd6a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gladwin, Douglas N.","contributorId":56352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asherin, Duane A.","contributorId":51660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asherin","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manci, Karen M.","contributorId":8389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manci","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231505,"text":"70231505 - 1988 - Thematic mapping from satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T17:30:20.853138","indexId":"70231505","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Thematic mapping from satellite imagery","docAbstract":"This report, produced between 1984 and 1987 in a bilingual edition (English and French), provides a wealth of information on a wide variety of cartographic applications which are being developed to make effective use of new data that is now being collected by Earth observation satellites. At a time when natural resource development and environmental problems have to be taken into account in their entirety, satellites provide an exceptional means of evaluating, synthesizing and creating geographic information. The production of new images, such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper, the SPOT High Resolution Visible Sensor and the adoption meteorological images such as AVHRR sensors on NOAA satellites, which have been extended to thematic domains such as agriculture and glaciology, have led to many new developments as well as problems for the cartographer. These problems are numerous and varied and recur frequently depending on the images and themes being processed e.g. how to select the graphic specification of maps and legends and account for classification accuracy; how to introduce the minimum of topographical data into an image in order to supply users with an adequate geographic reference; when using a physical terrain image, on which, by definition there are no `blanks' and where no details have been eliminated, how to overcome conceptual difficulties e.g. the side by side placing of different semiological information; the interpretation levels left to reader; achieving a balance between objectivity and readability. Obviously the cartographers role is of prime importance in solving these problems. In order to illustrate the way in which this information is presented, the report provides samples from 33 thematic applications taken from 13 different categories, including agriculture, town planning and water resources. Each application is provided with a descriptive note both in English and French indicating the objective, method and results obtained. This volume provides an important record of current developments in thematic mapping from satellite imagery and should be essential reference for all cartographers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/C2009-0-11248-5","usgsCitation":"1988, Thematic mapping from satellite imagery, 214 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-11248-5.","productDescription":"214 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Denegre, J.","contributorId":291640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denegre","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842801,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039377,"text":"70039377 - 1988 - River basins of the United States: the Potomac","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T10:54:41","indexId":"70039377","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T11:49:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"River basins of the United States: the Potomac","docAbstract":"This leaflet, one of a series on the river basins of the United States, contains information on the Potomac River Basin, including a brief early history, a description of the physical characteristics, and other statistical data. At present, other river basins included in the series are The Colorado, The Columbia, The Delaware, The Hudson, and The Wabash.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039377","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, River basins of the United States: the Potomac: General Information Product, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039377.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039377/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":261517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039377/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.695068359375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -79.024658203125,\n 40.30885442563766\n ],\n [\n -79.2279052734375,\n 40.11588965267845\n ],\n [\n -79.29931640625,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -79.3927001953125,\n 39.07464374293251\n ],\n [\n -79.37072753906249,\n 38.831149809348744\n ],\n [\n -79.3267822265625,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -79.2608642578125,\n 38.3287297527893\n ],\n [\n -79.1510009765625,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -78.892822265625,\n 38.052416771864834\n ],\n [\n -78.34899902343749,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -78.1951904296875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -78.0303955078125,\n 38.659777730712534\n ],\n [\n -77.93701171875,\n 38.77549900381297\n ],\n [\n -77.7117919921875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -77.5250244140625,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -77.354736328125,\n 38.29424797320529\n ],\n [\n -77.244873046875,\n 38.212288054388175\n ],\n [\n -77.0306396484375,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -76.7779541015625,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 38.05674222065296\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 38.02213147353745\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 38.02213147353745\n ],\n [\n -76.3055419921875,\n 38.035112420612975\n ],\n [\n -76.2945556640625,\n 38.09133660751176\n ],\n [\n -76.31103515625,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -76.4593505859375,\n 38.603993275591684\n ],\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -76.8438720703125,\n 39.155622393423215\n ],\n [\n -76.849365234375,\n 39.29604824402406\n ],\n [\n -76.79443359375,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -76.607666015625,\n 39.58029027440865\n ],\n [\n -76.541748046875,\n 39.80009595634838\n ],\n [\n -76.5142822265625,\n 39.98132938627215\n ],\n [\n -76.5142822265625,\n 40.12849105685408\n ],\n [\n -76.6900634765625,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -77.003173828125,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -77.5140380859375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -77.8436279296875,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -78.16223144531249,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -78.695068359375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aada5e4b0c8380cd86f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70122657,"text":"70122657 - 1988 - Proceedings of a workshop on the development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria: A compilation of papers and discussions presented at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, December 8-12, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T10:52:45","indexId":"70122657","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T10:36:18","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Proceedings of a workshop on the development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria: A compilation of papers and discussions presented at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, December 8-12, 1986","docAbstract":"The development of reliable habitat suitability criteria is critical to the successful implementation of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM), or any other habitat based evaluation technology. It is also a fascinating topic of research, for several reasons. First, the “science” of habitat quantification is relatively young. Descriptions of habitat use and partitioning can be traced back to Darwin, if not further. Attempts to actually quantify habitat use can be found predominantly during the last two decades, with most of the activity occurring in about the last five years. Second, this work is challenging because we are usually working with fish or some other organism that lives out of sight in an environment that is foreign to humans. Most of the data collection techniques that have been developed for standard fisheries work are unsuited, without modification, for criteria development. These factors make anyone involved in this type of research a pioneer, of sorts. Pioneers often make new and wonderful discoveries, but they also sometimes get lost. In our opinion, however, there is an even more rewarding aspect to criteria development research. It seems that the field of biology has tended to become increasingly clinical over the years. Criteria development demands the unobtrusive observation of organisms in their natural environment, a fact that allows the biological to be a naturalist and still get paid for it.
\nThe relative youth and importance of habitat quantification have resulted in rapid advancements in the state of the art. The expansion of methods is vividly demonstrated simply by comparing the two Instream Flow Information Papers written on the subject in 1978 and in 1986. One of the missions of the Aquatic Systems Branch (formerly the Instream Flow Group) is to serve as a clearinghouse for new techniques and methods. In keeping with this role, a workshop was conducted during December 1986 to discuss current and newly evolving methods for developing and evaluating habitat suitability criteria. Participation in this workshop was largely by invitation only. The objective was to obtain insights into problems and possible solutions to criteria development, from the perspective of professionals closely involved with the subject. These proceedings of that workshop are intended to supplement the information contained in Instream Flow Information Paper 21, \"Development and Evaluation of Habitat Suitability Criteria for Use in the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology.\"
\nThe workshop was closely arranged in five sessions, roughly following the outline of Information Paper 21. The first session dealt with various aspects of study design and how they can influence the outcome of a study. Session two investigated techniques for developing criteria from professional judgment, and some of the problems encountered when personal or agency prejudice enters the picture. Session three concentrated on field data collection procedures, whereas session four examined methods of converting field data into curves. Field verification studies were discussed in session five.
\nEach presentation in the workshop was followed by a question and answer period of 15 to 30 minutes. These discussions were recorded, transcribed, and appended to the end of each paper in these proceedings. We have attempted to capture the essence of these discussions as accurately as possible, but hope that the reader can appreciate the difficulty in translating a free-ranging discussion (from a barely audible tape) to something that makes sense in print. These question and answer sessions constitute the peer review for each of the papers. This provides the reader with the unique opportunity to review the interactions between authors and reviewers.
","conferenceTitle":"Workshop on the Development and Evaluation of Habitat Suitability Criteria","conferenceDate":"1986-12-08T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K., and Zuboy, J., 1988, Proceedings of a workshop on the development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria: A compilation of papers and discussions presented at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, December 8-12, 1986, 407 p.","productDescription":"407 p.","numberOfPages":"407","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0e6e4b01f35f8fd6a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken","contributorId":23455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zuboy, J.R.","contributorId":18689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuboy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233976,"text":"70233976 - 1988 - Recording strong motion studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:26:34.60073","indexId":"70233976","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T09:21:03","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":11441,"text":"Batiment International, Building Research and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recording strong motion studies","docAbstract":"Instruments now permit strong‐motion signals to be recorded over broader band widths, with wider dynamic range and signal resolution and with better data accessibility via computer. These advantages are utilized by the General Earthquake Observation System (GEOS) developed by the United States Geological Survey, by which a microcomputer‐controlled system provides improved strong‐motion data sets, as described here by a member of the development team. The paper was originally given at a joint meeting of the US/Japan Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01823328808726872","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 1988, Recording strong motion studies: Batiment International, Building Research and Practice, v. 16, no. 2, p. 87-92, https://doi.org/10.1080/01823328808726872.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231784,"text":"70231784 - 1988 - Estimation of ground-water use for irrigation in eastern Washington using Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T13:42:28.843253","indexId":"70231784","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T08:32:45","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of ground-water use for irrigation in eastern Washington using Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources Management","conferenceDate":"1988","conferenceLocation":"Arizona, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P.C., and Seevers, P., 1988, Estimation of ground-water use for irrigation in eastern Washington using Landsat imagery, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources Management, Arizona, United States, 1988, p. 667-679.","productDescription":"TPS88-2, 13 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"679","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -480.377197265625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -480.34423828124994,\n 45.69850658738846\n ],\n [\n -480.047607421875,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -479.81689453125,\n 45.836454050187726\n ],\n [\n -479.72900390625006,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -479.619140625,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -479.41040039062494,\n 45.882360730184025\n ],\n [\n -479.27856445312494,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n -479.124755859375,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -478.97094726562494,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -476.90551757812494,\n 46.00459325574482\n ],\n [\n -476.949462890625,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -476.90551757812494,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -476.96044921874994,\n 46.29381556233369\n ],\n [\n -477.04833984375006,\n 46.36967413462374\n ],\n [\n -477.00439453125,\n 46.430285240839964\n ],\n [\n -477.02636718749994,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -480.377197265625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seevers, P. M.","contributorId":94325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013839,"text":"70013839 - 1988 - Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T15:41:38.682356","indexId":"70013839","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa","docAbstract":"New reflectance spectra have been obtained for both the leading and trailing sides of Europa, using the Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer (CGAS) of the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). The spectra are of higher precision than any yet obtained. Spectra of Europa's trailing side (central meridian longitude ≈300°) obtained in 1985 show two weak absorptions near 2.2 and 2.3 μm. Both of these features as well as others are seen in spectra obtained by R. N. Clark, R. B. Singer, P. D. Owensby, and F.P. Fanale (1980a, Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 12, 713–714) at similar central meridian longitude. Data obtained with an improved detector array in 1986, however, do not show the absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 spectra. It is not clear why the newest data do not show the apparent absorptions seen in previous years, but the suggestion is that either the 1980 and 1985 data are spurious or that the material responsible for the weak absorptions is no longer detectable. Analysis of the 1980 and 1985 data did not reveal any obvious source of systematic error capable of introducing spurious features, but we are skeptical of any explanation that cites transient deposition, movement, and/or destruction of material on Europa's trailing side to account for the nondetection of the features in the 1986 data. If the weak absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 data are real, they can be interpreted as indicating the transient spectroscopic presence of a molecular component on Europa's trailing side different from the water ice that is known to be the dominant surface constituent. Further monitoring is required to determine if the apparent absorptions are real.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Cruikshank, D.P., Tokunaga, A.T., Smith, R.G., and Clark, R.N., 1988, Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa: Icarus, v. 74, no. 2, p. 262-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8850e4b08c986b3168e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tokunaga, A. T.","contributorId":74136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tokunaga","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. G.","contributorId":50288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31097,"text":"ofr88298 - 1988 - Maps showing the Seabeam bathymetry and sedimentologic and biologic sample locations on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains and a summary of existing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T13:41:49.443779","indexId":"ofr88298","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-298","title":"Maps showing the Seabeam bathymetry and sedimentologic and biologic sample locations on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains and a summary of existing data","docAbstract":"Horizon Guyot (Fig. 1) is a 300-km-long, 75-km-wide volcanic ridge with a relatively flat summit that is diagnostic of guyots (Hess, 1946). The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study of Horizon Guyot in 1983 as part of a program on the origin, distribution, and composition of ferromanganese-oxide precipitates that encrust the hard substrate of sea floor edifices, such as seamounts and volcanic ridges (Hein and others, 1985a). Mass movement and bedload transport of sediment appears to influence the thickness of these crusts on seamount flanks (Hein and others, 1985b). Because Horizon Guyot has been studied more extensively than any other volcanic edifice in the Mid-Pacific Mountains (Heezen, Fischer, and others, 1971; Lonsdale and others, 1972; Winterer, Ewing, and others, 1973), it was chosen as the principal site for a USGS study of sediment transport processes and the geotechnical behavior of sediment on seamounts (Cacchione and others, 1988; Schwab and others, 1988).
In March, 1987, Horizon Guyot was again investigated using the R/V ATLANTIS II and the D.S.R.V. ALVIN (cruise 118-12); sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Although primarily a biologic investigation, observations from 10 submersible dives, bottom samples collected at depth using ALVIN and from the surface using the ATLANTIS II, and Seabeam swath-bathymetry (sponsored by the USGS and the Office of Naval Research) add to the overall Horizon Guyot data set. In this report, we summarize the existing data base, present a Seabeam bathymetric map of the study area, ALVIN dive tracklines, the sample locations, and a brief description of the samples collected or other station activities on the ATLANTIS II cruise 118-12.
The detailed bathymetric map of the study area (Plate 1) was constructed by merging data obtained by a Deep-Tow study (Lonsdale and others, 1972) (Fig. 1) with data obtained from the swath-bathymetry mapping system onboard the ATLANTIS II. Detailed information on the Seabeam bathymetric system is given by Renard and Allenou (1979).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88298","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Hein, J., Smith, K., de Moustier, C.P., Levin, L., Genin, A., Wakefield, W., and Baldwin, R., 1988, Maps showing the Seabeam bathymetry and sedimentologic and biologic sample locations on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains and a summary of existing data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-298, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 46.54 x 60.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88298.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 46.54 x 60.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59673,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0298/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0298/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59674,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0298/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db606127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, K.L. Jr.","contributorId":86391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Moustier, C. P.","contributorId":42631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Moustier","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Levin, L.A.","contributorId":81149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Genin, Amatzia","contributorId":49833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genin","given":"Amatzia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wakefield, W.W.","contributorId":23595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wakefield","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baldwin, R.J.","contributorId":70813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70142175,"text":"70142175 - 1988 - Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:31:27","indexId":"70142175","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis","docAbstract":"Software tools have been developed at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center to extract topographic structure and to delineate watersheds and overland flow paths from digital elevation models. The tools are specialpurpose FORTRAN programs interfaced with general-purpose raster and vector spatial analysis and relational data base management packages.
\nThe first phase of analysis is a conditioning phase that generates three data sets: the original OEM with depressions filled, a data set indicating the flow direction for each cell, and a flow accumulation data set in which each cell receives a value equal to the total number of cells that drain to it. The original OEM and these three derivative data sets can then be processed in a variety of ways to optionally delineate drainage networks, overland paths, watersheds for userspecified locations, sub-watersheds for the major tributaries of a drainage network, or pour point linkages between watersheds. The computer-generated drainage lines and watershed polygons and the pour point linkage information can be transferred to vector-based geographic information systems for futher analysis. Comparisons between these computergenerated features and their manually delineated counterparts generally show close agreement, indicating that these software tools will save analyst time spent in manual interpretation and digitizing.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., and Domingue, J.O., 1988, Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 11, p. 1593-1600.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1600","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597cae4b02419550d2f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingue, Julia O.","contributorId":91832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014113,"text":"70014113 - 1988 - Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:28:31.93414","indexId":"70014113","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Geothermal gradients from published temperature/depth measurements in drill holes generally deeper than 600 m are used to construct a temperature gradient map of the conterminous United States. The broadly contoured map displays 284 temperature gradients that are applicable to a depth of 2 km. In terms of the number of contoured areas and the fraction of data points having a value not within a contour interval (outliers), the temperature gradient data and associated deep heat flow data have similar measures of contourability. Areally, most of the United States is contoured from 15° to 35°C/km. The eastern United States is generally cooler (average 25°C/km) than the western United States (average 34°C/km), in accordance with broad heat flow trends. Differences between the temperature gradient and heat flow maps are caused by areal differences in rock thermal conductivities. The effect of conductivity on gradients is particularly apparent in the eastern United States where heat flow is relatively constant over large areas. Gradients are elevated where thick, low-conductivity, sedimentary deposits occur such as in the Atlantic Coastal Plain province and in basins in the Allegheny Plateau and the Great Plains provinces. No clear gradient pattern emerges where both heat flow and conductivity vary widely, such as in the northern Basin and Range and Rocky Mountain provinces. Using the temperature gradients determined in this study and associated heat flow values, derived thermal conductivities are calculated for the depth range of a few hundred meters to 2 km; the average conductivity is 2.5±0.8 W/m °C. Some areas show little variation in derived thermal conductivity, while others show a wide range. The Atlantic Coastal Plain, Appalachian Plateaus, Superior Upland, Gulf Coastal Plain, Columbia Plateaus and Cascade Mountains, and Sierra Nevada provinces have restricted ranges of conductivities, which supports the concept of regional conductivities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB06p06437","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., and Guffanti, M., 1988, Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B6, p. 6437-6450, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB06p06437.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6437","endPage":"6450","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28d0e4b0c8380cd5a42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, M.","contributorId":75693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013149,"text":"70013149 - 1988 - Thermal regime of the State 2-14 well, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:11:48.021465","indexId":"70013149","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal regime of the State 2-14 well, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project","docAbstract":"Temperature logs were made repeatedly during breaks in drilling and both during and after flow tests in the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project well (State 2–14). The purpose of these logs was to assist in identifying zones of fluid loss or grain and to characterize reservoir temperatures. At the conclusion of the active phase of the project, a series of logs was begun in an attempt to establish the equilibrium temperature profile. Initially, we were able to log to depths below 3 km, but beginning in late May of 1986, it was impossible to log below about 1.8 km owing to casing failure. Our best estimates of formation temperature below 1.8 km are 305° ± 5°C at 1890 m and 355° ± 10°C at 3170 m. For the upper 1.8 km the latest temperature log (October 24, 1986), using a digital “slickline” (heat-shielded downhole recording) device, was within a few degrees Celsius of equilibrium, as confirmed by a more recent log (July 31, 1987) to a depth of ∼ 1 km. As in most other wells in the Salton Sea geothermal field, there is an impermeable, thermally conductive “cap” on the hydrothermal system; this cap extends to a depth of more than 900 m at the State 2–14 well. Thermal conductivities of 19 samples of drill cuttings from this interval were measured at room temperature. The conductivity values were corrected for in situ porosity as determined from geophysical logs and for the effects of elevated temperature. Thermal gradients decrease from about 250 mK m−1 (same as degrees Celsius per kilometer) in the upper few hundred meters to just below 200 mK m−1 near the base of the conductive cap. Using one interpretation, thermal conductivities increase with depth (mainly because of decreasing porosity), resulting in component heat flows that agree reasonably well with the mean of about 450 m W m−2. This value agrees well with heat flow data from shallow wells within the Salton Sea geothermal field. A second interpretation, in which measured temperature coefficients of quartz- and carbonate-rich rocks are used to correct thermal conductivity, results in lower mean conductivities that are roughly constant with depth and, consequently, systematically decreasing heat flux averaging about 350 mW m−2 below 300 m. This interpretation is consistent with the inference (from fluid inclusion studies) that the rocks in this part of the field were once several tens of degrees Celsius hotter than they are now. The age of this possible disturbance is estimated at a few thousand years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB11p12995","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., Priest, S.S., Duda, L., Carson, C., Hendricks, J.D., and Robison, L., 1988, Thermal regime of the State 2-14 well, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B11, p. 12995-13004, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p12995.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"12995","endPage":"13004","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb254e4b08c986b325723","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priest, S. S.","contributorId":78318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duda, L.E.","contributorId":42708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carson, C.C.","contributorId":62743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendricks, J. D.","contributorId":40187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robison, L.C.","contributorId":17234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70013726,"text":"70013726 - 1988 - Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:38:34.704288","indexId":"70013726","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","docAbstract":"Physiographic, hydrologic, and rainfall data from 18 small drainage basins in semiarid, central Wyoming were used to calibrate topological, unit‐hydrograph models for celerity, the average rate of travel of a flood wave through the basin. The data set consisted of basin characteristics and hydrologic data for the 18 basins and rainfall data for 68 storms. Calibrated values of celerity and peak discharges subsequently were regressed as a function of the basin characteristics and excess rainfall volume. Predicted values obtained in this way can be used as input for estimating hydrographs in ungaged basins. The regression models included ordinary least‐squares and seemingly unrelated regression. This latter regression model jointly estimated the celerity and peak discharge. The correlation between residuals of the celerity and peak‐discharge regressions was sufficiently large to de‐, crease the variances of estimated univariate‐model parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M.R., Guertin, D.P., and Troutman, B., 1988, Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 114, no. 4, p. 446-456, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9340e4b0c8380cd80ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":366732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013777,"text":"70013777 - 1988 - Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013777","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer","docAbstract":"At Medicine Lake volcano, California, andesite of the Holocene Burnt Lava flow has been produced by fractional crystallization of parental high alumina basalt (HAB) accompanied by assimilation of granitic crustal material. Burnt Lava contains inclusions of quenched HAB liquid, a potential parent magma of the andesite, highly melted granitic crustal xenoliths, and xenocryst assemblages which provide a record of the fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation process. Samples of granitic crustal material occur as xenoliths in other Holocene and Pleistocene lavas, and these xenoliths are used to constrain geochemical models of the assimilation process. A large amount of assimilation accompanied fractional crystallization to produce the contaminated Burnt lava andesites. Models which assume that assimilation and fractionation occurred simultaneously estimate the ratio of assimilation to fractional crystallization (R) to be >1 and best fits to all geochemical data are at an R value of 1.35 at F=0.68. Petrologic evidence, however, indicates that the assimilation process did not involve continuous addition of granitic crust as fractionation occurred. Instead, heat and mass transfer were separated in space and time. During the assimilation process, HAB magma underwent large amounts of fractional crystallization which was not accompanied by significant amounts of assimilation. This fractionation process supplied heat to melt granitic crust. The models proposed to explain the contamination process involve fractionation, replenishment by parental HAB, and mixing of evolved and parental magmas with melted granitic crust. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00375365","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Grove, T., Kinzler, R., Baker, M.B., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Lesher, C., 1988, Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, no. 3, p. 320-343, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375365.","startPage":"320","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375365"},{"id":220115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ce4b0c8380cd49dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, T.L.","contributorId":22088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzler, R.J.","contributorId":47909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzler","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, M. B.","contributorId":76068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lesher, C.E.","contributorId":28217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesher","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013671,"text":"70013671 - 1988 - Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:21:22","indexId":"70013671","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico","docAbstract":"We have developed algorithms for modelling seismic waveforms to constrain regional Earth structure. The seismogram is represented as a sum of locked-mode travelling waves in a layered medium. This representation is convenient as it allows us to model structures with slowly varying heterogeneity and to construct differential seismograms. Describes the techniques we have implemented that enable us to compute synthetic and differential seismograms in an efficient and stable manner. The computational methods are sufficiently rapid that many modes can be included and in some cases the entire seismogram may be modified. These algorithms are applied to model a set of seismograms of southern Mexican earthquakes recorded in northern Mexico. The frequency bandwidth of these data is centred at 0.067 Hz and we demonstrate that even at these relatively high frequencies, many features of the seismogram can be successfully modelled. Our results suggest that the structure within the recording array in northern Mexico is resolvably different from that to the south. We find that the average shear velocity of the lower lithosphere of southern Mexico is very low, approximately 4.3 km s-1. If the low-velocity region is confined to the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, the shear velocities between 20-80 km depth are approximately 3.3 km s-1. This may be correlated with partial melt and is consistent with the active volcanism and high heat flow found in the region. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x","issn":"02759128","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., and Masters, T.G., 1988, Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico: Geophysical Journal International, v. 94, no. 2, p. 193-218, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x.","startPage":"193","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269139,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfa1e4b08c986b32e9fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.S.","contributorId":102095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masters, T. Guy","contributorId":93191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014466,"text":"70014466 - 1988 - Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T16:27:52.234009","indexId":"70014466","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite","title":"Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite","docAbstract":"40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectrum dates for 13 muscovites have been used to reconstruct the thermal history (thermochronology) of the Panasqueira, Portugal, tin-tungsten deposit, a deposit spatially associated with a belt of Hercynian plutons. Muscovite samples with an age difference as small as 2.2 m.y. (0.7% of the age) are statistically distinct. Statistics are even better for comparison of multiple samples from separate events; that is, a difference of 0.9 m.y. (0.3%) can be resolved in this approximately 300-m.y.-old deposit. The major tin and tungsten ore-forming stages, which are the oxide-silicate stage, the main sulfide stage, and greisenization, occurred between 296.3 + or - 0.8 (1 Sigma ) and 291.6 + or - 0.8 m.y. (1 Sigma ). The first substage of the oxide-silicate stage was a short-lived thermal pulse at 296.3 + or - 0.6 m.y.; the fluids responsible may have emanated from the known granite cupola. The main sulfide stage was active at 294.5 + or - 0.9 m.y. as a slightly longer lived pulse with oldest evidence for this stage (295.8 + or - 0.6 m.y.) coming from areas farthest away from the known cupola and youngest evidence (293.5 + or - 0.8 m.y.) closest to the cupola. A second substage of the oxide-silicate stage occurred as a short-lived thermal pulse at 292.9 + or - 0.7 m.y., synchronous with greisenization of the cupola and alteration of the silica cap at 292.1 + or - 0.4 m.y. The duration of activity of the oxide-silicate stage, the main sulfide stage, greisenization, and alteration of the silica cap based on the ages of all 13 muscovites was greater than 4.2 + or - 0.5 m.y. (1 Sigma ). Minor argon loss from all dated muscovites occurred during later reheating, probably during the longer lived pyrrhotite alteration stage. A single center, the known cupola, had a prolonged role and was the source for main sulfide stage, oxide-silicate stage II, greisenization, and alteration of the silica cap and possibly oxide-silicate stage I and the pyrrhotite alteration stage; however, a separate source for these latter two stages cannot be ruled out.This study is an example of a new and powerful application of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectrum dating of muscovite. Because of the high precision demonstrated in this study, it is now possible to establish time constraints necessary for solving some of the long-standing problems in economic geology. Beyond this, the unique geologic situation of Panasqueira has allowed us to quantify the thermal characteristics of muscovite. Published fluid inclusion data have been used to estimate a muscovite argon closure temperature of approximately 325 degrees C during rapid cooling or short reheating and a temperature of approximately 270 degrees C during slow cooling or extended reheating. Argon-loss patterns displayed by all dated muscovites resulted from reheating after original closure; the mechanism for this argon loss appears to have been argon transport by volume diffusion. Thus, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectrum dating of muscovite can be used to evaluate thermal conditions controlling argon diffusion as well as age, duration, and number of episodes of mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.335","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Snee, L., Sutter, J.F., and Kelly, W., 1988, Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 335-354, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.335.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb26be4b08c986b3257bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, W.C.","contributorId":53963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014460,"text":"70014460 - 1988 - Determining the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured limestone aquifer by simultaneous injection and geophysical logging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:12:59","indexId":"70014460","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured limestone aquifer by simultaneous injection and geophysical logging","docAbstract":"A field technique for assessing the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer was applied to a fractured carbonate formation in southeastern Nevada. The technique combines the simultaneous use of fluid injection and geophysical logging to measure in situ vertical distributions of fluid velocity and hydraulic head down the borehole; these data subsequently are analyzed to arrive at quantitative estimates of hydraulic conductivity across discrete intervals in the aquifer. The results of this analysis identified the contact margin between the Anchor and Dawn Members of the Monte Cristo Limestone as being the dominant transmissive unit. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00792.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Hess, A., and Paillet, F.L., 1988, Determining the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured limestone aquifer by simultaneous injection and geophysical logging: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 5, p. 587-595, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00792.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 35.24561909420681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff5e4b0c8380cd4f4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, A.E.","contributorId":71979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013756,"text":"70013756 - 1988 - Statistical Methods and Sampling Design for Estimating Step Trends in Surface-Water Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:36:35","indexId":"70013756","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical Methods and Sampling Design for Estimating Step Trends in Surface-Water Quality","docAbstract":"This paper addresses two components of the problem of estimating the magnitude of step trends in surface water quality. The first is finding a robust estimator appropriate to the data characteristics expected in water-quality time series. The J. L. Hodges-E. L. Lehmann class of estimators is found to be robust in comparison to other nonparametric and moment-based estimators. A seasonal Hodges-Lehmann estimator is developed and shown to have desirable properties. Second, the effectiveness of various sampling strategies is examined using Monte Carlo simulation coupled with application of this estimator. The simulation is based on a large set of total phosphorus data from the Potomac River. To assure that the simulated records have realistic properties, the data are modeled in a multiplicative fashion incorporating flow, hysteresis, seasonal, and noise components. The results demonstrate the importance of balancing the length of the two sampling periods and balancing the number of data values between the two periods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00899.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1988, Statistical Methods and Sampling Design for Estimating Step Trends in Surface-Water Quality: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 493-503, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00899.x.","startPage":"493","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267759,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00899.x"},{"id":220665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf8be4b0c8380cd87658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014719,"text":"70014719 - 1988 - Short-term trends in sulfate deposition at selected bulk precipitation stations in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:04:12.083859","indexId":"70014719","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term trends in sulfate deposition at selected bulk precipitation stations in New York","docAbstract":"Trends in rainfall-adjusted sulfate concentration were assessed for 5-yr subrecords of the 14.5–17 yr of monthly bulk-deposition data from five stations in New York by using the seasonal Kendall test. For the 5-yr subrecord from 1978 to 1982, the trends for the bulk deposition were similar to those for weekly wet-only deposition for adjacent stations of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP).
The long-term trend at each of the bulk-precipitation sites was downward and statistically significant at P < 0.02, whereas 26% of the 69 subrecords had trends that were statistically significant only at P < 0.2. Of these statistically significant subrecord trends, 10% were positive (opposite to the long-term trend). Furthermore, the slopes of the subrecord trends tended to be much steeper than those of the whole record. These 5-yr trends, consequently, are poor indicators of the trends that occur over much longer periods in the same record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(88)90348-4","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., and Peters, N., 1988, Short-term trends in sulfate deposition at selected bulk precipitation stations in New York: Atmospheric Environment, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1175-1178, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90348-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1175","endPage":"1178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-74.04086,40.700117],[-74.037998,40.698995],[-74.044451,40.688445],[-74.046359,40.689175],[-74.04086,40.700117]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.177986,40.519603],[-74.182157,40.520634],[-74.199923,40.511729],[-74.210474,40.509448],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.23324,40.501299],[-74.246688,40.496103],[-74.250188,40.496703],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.256088,40.507903],[-74.252702,40.513895],[-74.242888,40.520903],[-74.241732,40.531273],[-74.247808,40.543396],[-74.229002,40.555041],[-74.216997,40.554991],[-74.210887,40.560902],[-74.204054,40.589336],[-74.19682,40.597037],[-74.195407,40.601806],[-74.196096,40.616169],[-74.200994,40.616906],[-74.201812,40.619507],[-74.20058,40.631448],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.180191,40.645521],[-74.174085,40.645109],[-74.170187,40.642201],[-74.152973,40.638886],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.086485,40.648601],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.0697,40.641216],[-74.067598,40.623865],[-74.053125,40.603678],[-74.059184,40.593502],[-74.111471,40.546908],[-74.121672,40.542691],[-74.137241,40.530076],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-72.132225,41.104387],[-72.128352,41.108131],[-72.126704,41.115139],[-72.084207,41.101524],[-72.081167,41.09394],[-72.086975,41.058292],[-72.0972,41.054884],[-72.097136,41.075844],[-72.1064,41.088883],[-72.12056,41.093171],[-72.139233,41.092451],[-72.141921,41.094371],[-72.142929,41.097811],[-72.140737,41.100835],[-72.132225,41.104387]]],[[[-71.943563,41.286675],[-71.926802,41.290122],[-71.935259,41.280579],[-71.978926,41.265002],[-72.002461,41.252867],[-72.036846,41.249794],[-72.029438,41.26309],[-72.018926,41.274114],[-72.006872,41.27348],[-71.991117,41.281331],[-71.980061,41.280291],[-71.943563,41.286675]]],[[[-73.767176,40.886299],[-73.766276,40.881099],[-73.770876,40.879299],[-73.775276,40.882199],[-73.770576,40.888399],[-73.767176,40.886299]]],[[[-73.773361,40.859449],[-73.770552,40.86033],[-73.766333,40.857317],[-73.766032,40.844961],[-73.769648,40.84466],[-73.773038,40.848125],[-73.773361,40.859449]]],[[[-74.027392,44.995765],[-73.874597,45.001223],[-73.639718,45.003464],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.350218,44.976222],[-73.338734,44.965886],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.353657,44.907346],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.369103,44.86668],[-73.379822,44.857037],[-73.381359,44.845021],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.375345,44.836307],[-73.369647,44.829136],[-73.354945,44.8215],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.335713,44.782086],[-73.347072,44.772988],[-73.354361,44.755296],[-73.365561,44.741786],[-73.36556,44.700297],[-73.361323,44.695369],[-73.365297,44.687546],[-73.370142,44.684853],[-73.367209,44.678513],[-73.371089,44.67753],[-73.37272,44.668739],[-73.369669,44.663478],[-73.379074,44.656772],[-73.378014,44.653846],[-73.383157,44.645764],[-73.378561,44.641475],[-73.386783,44.636369],[-73.386497,44.626924],[-73.390231,44.618353],[-73.382932,44.612184],[-73.376849,44.599598],[-73.376806,44.595455],[-73.381848,44.589316],[-73.375666,44.582038],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.356788,44.557918],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.3393,44.544477],[-73.331595,44.535924],[-73.329458,44.529203],[-73.322026,44.525289],[-73.320836,44.513631],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.304418,44.485739],[-73.298939,44.471304],[-73.300114,44.454711],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.296031,44.428339],[-73.310491,44.402601],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.333575,44.372288],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.334637,44.356877],[-73.323997,44.333842],[-73.324229,44.310023],[-73.312299,44.280025],[-73.311025,44.27424],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.329322,44.244504],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.342312,44.234531],[-73.349889,44.230356],[-73.362013,44.208545],[-73.382252,44.197178],[-73.383987,44.193158],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.389658,44.181249],[-73.396892,44.173846],[-73.395399,44.166903],[-73.398728,44.162248],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.411316,44.112686],[-73.416319,44.099422],[-73.429239,44.079414],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.42312,44.032759],[-73.410776,44.026944],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.405977,44.011485],[-73.412613,43.97998],[-73.406823,43.967317],[-73.405525,43.948813],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.395878,43.903044],[-73.383491,43.890951],[-73.374051,43.875563],[-73.382046,43.855008],[-73.372462,43.846266],[-73.373688,43.84261],[-73.388389,43.832404],[-73.392492,43.820779],[-73.380804,43.810951],[-73.376361,43.798766],[-73.357547,43.785933],[-73.354758,43.776721],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.369725,43.744274],[-73.370612,43.725329],[-73.385883,43.711336],[-73.395517,43.696831],[-73.404739,43.690213],[-73.404126,43.681339],[-73.415513,43.65245],[-73.426463,43.642598],[-73.42791,43.634428],[-73.417668,43.621687],[-73.423708,43.612356],[-73.421616,43.603023],[-73.431229,43.588285],[-73.428636,43.583994],[-73.420378,43.581489],[-73.405629,43.571179],[-73.395767,43.568087],[-73.383369,43.57677],[-73.383446,43.596778],[-73.372469,43.604848],[-73.376036,43.612596],[-73.369933,43.619093],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.347621,43.622509],[-73.342181,43.62607],[-73.323893,43.627629],[-73.310606,43.624114],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.302076,43.624364],[-73.300285,43.610806],[-73.292232,43.60255],[-73.292801,43.593861],[-73.296924,43.587323],[-73.292364,43.585104],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.284912,43.579272],[-73.279726,43.574241],[-73.26938,43.571973],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.248641,43.553857],[-73.250132,43.543429],[-73.246585,43.541855],[-73.24139,43.532345],[-73.247698,43.523173],[-73.256493,43.259249],[-73.26978,43.035923],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.285388,42.834093],[-73.287063,42.82014],[-73.28375,42.813864],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.489615,42.000092],[-73.521041,41.619773],[-73.550961,41.295422],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.654671,41.011697],[-73.659372,40.999497],[-73.659671,40.987909],[-73.655972,40.979597],[-73.662072,40.966198],[-73.664472,40.967198],[-73.678073,40.962798],[-73.686473,40.945198],[-73.721739,40.932037],[-73.756776,40.912599],[-73.781338,40.885447],[-73.784803,40.878528],[-73.788786,40.858485],[-73.78806,40.854131],[-73.782174,40.847358],[-73.781206,40.838891],[-73.783867,40.836795],[-73.785399,40.838004],[-73.791044,40.846552],[-73.789512,40.85139],[-73.793785,40.855583],[-73.799543,40.848027],[-73.806914,40.849501],[-73.81281,40.846737],[-73.815205,40.831075],[-73.804518,40.818546],[-73.797332,40.815597],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.776032,40.795275],[-73.768431,40.800704],[-73.754032,40.820941],[-73.7544,40.826837],[-73.728275,40.8529],[-73.726675,40.8568],[-73.729575,40.8665],[-73.713674,40.870099],[-73.675573,40.856999],[-73.655872,40.863899],[-73.654372,40.878199],[-73.633771,40.898198],[-73.617571,40.897898],[-73.569969,40.915398],[-73.566169,40.915798],[-73.548068,40.908698],[-73.519267,40.914298],[-73.514999,40.912821],[-73.499941,40.918166],[-73.491765,40.942097],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-73.463708,40.937697],[-73.437509,40.934985],[-73.429863,40.929797],[-73.428836,40.921506],[-73.406074,40.920235],[-73.402963,40.925097],[-73.403462,40.942197],[-73.400862,40.953997],[-73.392862,40.955297],[-73.374462,40.937597],[-73.365961,40.931697],[-73.352761,40.926697],[-73.345561,40.925297],[-73.344161,40.927297],[-73.33136,40.929597],[-73.295061,40.924497],[-73.229285,40.905121],[-73.148994,40.928898],[-73.146242,40.935074],[-73.144673,40.955842],[-73.140785,40.966178],[-73.110368,40.971938],[-73.081582,40.973058],[-73.043701,40.962185],[-73.040445,40.964498],[-72.995931,40.966498],[-72.88825,40.962962],[-72.826057,40.969794],[-72.774104,40.965314],[-72.760031,40.975334],[-72.714425,40.985596],[-72.689341,40.989776],[-72.665018,40.987496],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.565406,41.009508],[-72.560974,41.015444],[-72.549853,41.019844],[-72.521548,41.037652],[-72.477306,41.052212],[-72.460778,41.067012],[-72.445242,41.086116],[-72.417945,41.087955],[-72.397,41.096307],[-72.356087,41.133635],[-72.322381,41.140664],[-72.291109,41.155874],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.2681,41.154146],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.238211,41.15949],[-72.237731,41.156434],[-72.253572,41.137138],[-72.265124,41.128482],[-72.300374,41.112274],[-72.300044,41.132059],[-72.306381,41.13784],[-72.318146,41.137134],[-72.32663,41.132162],[-72.335271,41.120274],[-72.335177,41.106917],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.297718,41.081042],[-72.280373,41.080402],[-72.276709,41.076722],[-72.283093,41.067874],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.260515,41.042065],[-72.229364,41.044355],[-72.201859,41.032275],[-72.190563,41.032579],[-72.183266,41.035619],[-72.174882,41.046147],[-72.162898,41.053187],[-72.153857,41.051859],[-72.137297,41.039684],[-72.135137,41.031284],[-72.137409,41.023908],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-72.095456,40.991349],[-72.083039,40.996453],[-72.076175,41.009093],[-72.061448,41.009442],[-72.057934,41.004789],[-72.051585,41.006437],[-72.049526,41.009697],[-72.051928,41.020506],[-72.047468,41.022565],[-72.035792,41.020759],[-72.015013,41.028348],[-71.99926,41.039669],[-71.96704,41.047772],[-71.961078,41.054277],[-71.959595,41.071237],[-71.93825,41.077413],[-71.899256,41.080837],[-71.889543,41.075701],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-71.86447,41.076918],[-71.857494,41.073558],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-71.87391,41.052278],[-71.903736,41.040166],[-71.935689,41.034182],[-72.029357,40.999909],[-72.114448,40.972085],[-72.39585,40.86666],[-72.469996,40.84274],[-72.753112,40.763571],[-72.768152,40.761587],[-72.863164,40.732962],[-73.054963,40.666371],[-73.20844,40.630884],[-73.262106,40.621476],[-73.306396,40.620756],[-73.319257,40.635795],[-73.351465,40.6305],[-73.391967,40.617501],[-73.450369,40.603501],[-73.562372,40.583703],[-73.610873,40.587703],[-73.646674,40.582804],[-73.754776,40.584404],[-73.753349,40.59056],[-73.774928,40.590759],[-73.834408,40.577201],[-73.878906,40.560888],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-73.932729,40.560266],[-73.935686,40.564914],[-73.95005,40.573363],[-73.991346,40.57035],[-74.002056,40.570623],[-74.012022,40.574528],[-74.012996,40.578169],[-74.001591,40.590684],[-74.003281,40.595754],[-74.010926,40.600789],[-74.032856,40.604421],[-74.03959,40.612934],[-74.042412,40.624847],[-74.038336,40.637074],[-74.032066,40.646479],[-74.018272,40.659019],[-74.020467,40.67877],[-74.024827,40.687007],[-74.01849,40.695457],[-74.0168,40.701794],[-74.019526,40.706985],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-73.963182,40.8269],[-73.953982,40.848],[-73.929006,40.889578],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-73.893979,40.997197],[-73.90501,40.997591],[-74.18239,41.121595],[-74.301994,41.172594],[-74.457584,41.248225],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.717825,42.284711],[-79.645358,42.315631],[-79.546262,42.363417],[-79.474794,42.404291],[-79.453533,42.411157],[-79.429119,42.42838],[-79.405458,42.453281],[-79.381943,42.466491],[-79.351989,42.48892],[-79.331483,42.489076],[-79.31774,42.499884],[-79.283364,42.511228],[-79.264624,42.523159],[-79.242889,42.531757],[-79.193232,42.545881],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-79.138569,42.564462],[-79.12963,42.589824],[-79.121921,42.594234],[-79.113713,42.605994],[-79.111361,42.613358],[-79.078761,42.640058],[-79.073261,42.639958],[-79.06376,42.644758],[-79.062261,42.668358],[-79.04886,42.689158],[-79.01886,42.701558],[-78.991159,42.705358],[-78.944158,42.731958],[-78.918157,42.737258],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-78.853455,42.783958],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-78.856456,42.800258],[-78.859356,42.800658],[-78.863656,42.813058],[-78.865656,42.826758],[-78.860445,42.83511],[-78.859456,42.841358],[-78.865592,42.852358],[-78.872227,42.853306],[-78.882557,42.867258],[-78.891655,42.884845],[-78.912458,42.886557],[-78.905758,42.899957],[-78.905659,42.923357],[-78.909159,42.933257],[-78.918859,42.946857],[-78.93236,42.955857],[-78.961761,42.957756],[-78.975062,42.968756],[-79.011563,42.985256],[-79.019964,42.994756],[-79.02092,43.014287],[-79.011764,43.028956],[-79.005164,43.047056],[-79.00545,43.057231],[-79.01053,43.064389],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.074678,43.083141],[-79.064754,43.093205],[-79.060281,43.105086],[-79.062518,43.120182],[-79.060206,43.124799],[-79.044066,43.138055],[-79.042366,43.143655],[-79.046567,43.162355],[-79.053067,43.173655],[-79.050744,43.197417],[-79.055868,43.238554],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-79.019848,43.273686],[-78.971866,43.281254],[-78.836261,43.318455],[-78.777759,43.327055],[-78.747158,43.334555],[-78.696856,43.341255],[-78.634346,43.357624],[-78.547395,43.369541],[-78.488857,43.374763],[-78.473099,43.370812],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-78.358711,43.373988],[-78.233609,43.36907],[-78.145195,43.37551],[-78.104509,43.375628],[-78.023609,43.366575],[-77.995591,43.365293],[-77.976438,43.369159],[-77.965238,43.368059],[-77.922736,43.35696],[-77.904836,43.35696],[-77.875335,43.34966],[-77.797381,43.339857],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.756931,43.337361],[-77.714129,43.323561],[-77.701429,43.308261],[-77.660359,43.282998],[-77.628315,43.271303],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-77.551022,43.235763],[-77.534184,43.234569],[-77.50092,43.250363],[-77.476642,43.254522],[-77.436831,43.265701],[-77.414516,43.269263],[-77.391015,43.276363],[-77.341092,43.280661],[-77.314619,43.28103],[-77.303979,43.27815],[-77.264177,43.277363],[-77.214058,43.284114],[-77.173088,43.281509],[-77.143416,43.287561],[-77.130429,43.285635],[-77.111866,43.287945],[-77.067295,43.280937],[-77.033875,43.271218],[-76.999691,43.271456],[-76.988445,43.2745],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.952174,43.270692],[-76.904288,43.291816],[-76.877397,43.292926],[-76.854976,43.298443],[-76.841675,43.305399],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.769025,43.318452],[-76.731039,43.343421],[-76.69836,43.344436],[-76.684856,43.352691],[-76.669624,43.366526],[-76.630774,43.413356],[-76.607093,43.423374],[-76.562826,43.448537],[-76.53181,43.460299],[-76.521999,43.468617],[-76.515882,43.471136],[-76.506858,43.469127],[-76.486962,43.47535],[-76.472498,43.492781],[-76.437473,43.509213],[-76.417581,43.521285],[-76.368849,43.525822],[-76.345492,43.513437],[-76.297103,43.51287],[-76.259858,43.524728],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.228701,43.532987],[-76.217958,43.545156],[-76.209853,43.560136],[-76.203473,43.574978],[-76.199138,43.600454],[-76.196596,43.649761],[-76.205436,43.718751],[-76.213205,43.753513],[-76.229268,43.804135],[-76.250135,43.825713],[-76.266977,43.838046],[-76.283307,43.843923],[-76.284481,43.850968],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.261584,43.873278],[-76.243384,43.877975],[-76.227485,43.875061],[-76.219313,43.86682],[-76.202257,43.864898],[-76.158249,43.887542],[-76.145506,43.888681],[-76.133267,43.892975],[-76.127285,43.897889],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.134296,43.954726],[-76.139086,43.962111],[-76.146072,43.964705],[-76.169802,43.962202],[-76.184874,43.971128],[-76.22805,43.982737],[-76.244439,43.975803],[-76.264294,43.978009],[-76.268706,43.980846],[-76.266733,43.995578],[-76.269672,44.001148],[-76.281928,44.009177],[-76.296755,44.013307],[-76.298962,44.017719],[-76.300222,44.022762],[-76.296986,44.045455],[-76.300532,44.057188],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.360798,44.087644],[-76.366972,44.100409],[-76.363835,44.111696],[-76.355679,44.133258],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-76.286547,44.203773],[-76.245487,44.203669],[-76.206777,44.214543],[-76.191328,44.221244],[-76.164265,44.239603],[-76.161833,44.280777],[-76.130884,44.296635],[-76.118136,44.29485],[-76.111931,44.298031],[-76.097351,44.299547],[-76.045228,44.331724],[-76.000998,44.347534],[-75.978281,44.34688],[-75.970185,44.342835],[-75.94954,44.349129],[-75.929465,44.359603],[-75.922247,44.36568],[-75.912985,44.368084],[-75.871496,44.394839],[-75.82083,44.432244],[-75.807778,44.471644],[-75.76623,44.515851],[-75.662381,44.591934],[-75.618364,44.619637],[-75.505903,44.705081],[-75.477642,44.720224],[-75.423943,44.756329],[-75.413885,44.76889],[-75.397007,44.773471],[-75.387371,44.78003],[-75.372347,44.78311],[-75.346527,44.805563],[-75.333744,44.806378],[-75.306487,44.826144],[-75.30763,44.836813],[-75.26825,44.855119],[-75.255517,44.857651],[-75.241303,44.866958],[-75.228635,44.8679],[-75.218548,44.87554],[-75.203012,44.877548],[-75.142958,44.900237],[-75.133977,44.911838],[-75.105162,44.921193],[-75.096659,44.927067],[-75.066245,44.930174],[-75.059966,44.93457],[-75.027125,44.946568],[-75.005155,44.958402],[-74.999655,44.965921],[-74.99927,44.971638],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-74.972463,44.983402],[-74.907956,44.983359],[-74.900733,44.992754],[-74.887837,45.000046],[-74.861927,45.002771],[-74.834669,45.014683],[-74.826578,45.01585],[-74.799434,45.009132],[-74.793148,45.004647],[-74.768749,45.003893],[-74.760215,44.994946],[-74.74464,44.990577],[-74.731301,44.990422],[-74.722574,44.998062],[-74.702018,45.003322],[-74.683973,44.99969],[-74.667338,45.001648],[-74.661478,44.999592],[-74.45753,44.997032],[-74.335184,44.991905],[-74.146814,44.9915],[-74.027392,44.995765]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ec7e4b08c986b318b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140571,"text":"70140571 - 1988 - The Land Analysis System (LAS) for multispectral image processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:35:02","indexId":"70140571","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Land Analysis System (LAS) for multispectral image processing","docAbstract":"The Land Analysis System (LAS) is an interactive software system available in the public domain for the analysis, display, and management of multispectral and other digital image data. LAS provides over 240 applications functions and utilities, a flexible user interface, complete online and hard-copy documentation, extensive image-data file management, reformatting, conversion utilities, and high-level device independent access to image display hardware. The authors summarize the capabilities of the current release of LAS (version 4.0) and discuss plans for future development. Particular emphasis is given to the issue of system portability and the importance of removing and/or isolating hardware and software dependencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/36.7696","usgsCitation":"Wharton, S.W., Lu, Y.C., Quirk, B.K., Oleson, L.R., Newcomer, J.A., and Irani, F., 1988, The Land Analysis System (LAS) for multispectral image processing: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 26, no. 5, p. 693-697, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.7696.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"697","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6ae4b08de9379b37bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wharton, S. W.","contributorId":139120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wharton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Y. C.","contributorId":139121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quirk, Bruce K. quirk@usgs.gov","contributorId":4285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quirk","given":"Bruce","email":"quirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":540144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oleson, Lyndon R.","contributorId":31904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oleson","given":"Lyndon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newcomer, J. A.","contributorId":65849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Irani, Frederick M. firani@usgs.gov","contributorId":2932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irani","given":"Frederick M.","email":"firani@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}