Sands Plain, a 225-square mile area, is near the Marquette iron-mining district in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Gribben Basin, a settling basin for disposal of waste rock particles from iron-ore concentration, is in the western part. Because Sands Plain is near iron-ore deposits, but not underlain by them, parts of the area are being considered as sites for additional tailings basins.
Glacial deposits, as much as 500 feet thick, comprise the principal aquifer. Most ground water flows through the glacial deposits and discharges in a series of nearly parallel tributaries to the Chocolay River which flows into Lake Superior. Ninety-five percent of the discharge of these streams is ground-water runoff. The aquifer is recharged by precipitation at an average rate of 15 inches per year and by streamflow losses from the upper reaches of Goose Lake Outlet at an average rate of 2 inches per year.
Precipitation collected at two sites had mean pH values of 4.0; rates of deposition of sulfate and total dissolved nitrogen were estimated to be 17.4 and 5.8 pounds per acre per year, respectively. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from streams ranged from 82 to 143 milligrams per liter; sulfate ranged from 4.2 to 10 milligrams per liter. Calcium and bicarbonate were the principal dissolved substances. Highest dissolved-solids concentrations in water from wells in glacial deposits were found in a major buried valley east of Goose Lake Outlet. These concentrations ranged from 14 to 246 milligrams per liter; sulfate concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 53 milligrams per liter. Because of the high ground-water component of streamflow, mean concentrations of total nitrogen and trace metals in surface water do not differ significantly from mean concentrations in ground water.
A two-dimensional digital model of ground-water flow was used to simulate water levels and ground-water runoff under steady-state and transient conditions Predictive simulations with the steady-state model were made to determine the effects of continued operation of Gribben tailings basin and construction and operation of four hypothetical tailings basins. Operation of Gribben Basin has decreased the average rate of ground-water flow to Goose Lake Outlet by 0.9 to 1.6 cubic feet per second but has increased the average rate of groundwater flow to Warner Creek by about 0.2 cubic foot per second. Continued filling of the tailings basin to its design capacity is expected to cause a slight increase in leakage from the basin to Goose Lake Outlet.
Four hypothetical tailings basins, comprising a total of 11 square miles, were simulated by successively adding one more basin to the previous basin configuration. Net ground-water flow to streams was reduced by the simulated basins. The magnitude of these reductions depends on engineering decisions about the method of basin construction and a better understanding of the hydraulic properties of the materials used to seal the basin perimeters. The maximum total reduction in ground-water runoff due to construction and operation of 11 square miles of tailings basins is about 18 cubic feet per second compared to flow simulated by a steady-state simulation without tailings basins. If bottom sealing, rather than slurry wall construction, is used for one of the hypothetical basins, the total maximum reduction is 7.5 cubic feet per second. Under some assumed conditions, leakage from the tailings basins may slightly increase ground-water flow to Goose Lake Outlet and Warner Creek. The maximum probable leakage from all tailings basins is about 7 cubic feet per second; the minimum probable leakage is about 0.7 cubic foot per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri844114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., 1984, Hydrogeology and effects of tailings basins on the hydrology of Sands Plain, Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4114, Document: vi, 98 p.; Plate: 22.07 x 17.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844114.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 98 p.; Plate: 22.07 x 17.25 inches","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56258,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56257,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Marquette County","otherGeospatial":"Sands Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -87.233333,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -87.233333,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -87.466667,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -87.466667,\n 46.366667\n ],\n [\n -87.516667,\n 46.391667\n ],\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.391667\n ],\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6277f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20038,"text":"ofr83875 - 1984 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20038,"text":"ofr83875 - 1984 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"ofr83875","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4705,"text":"twri06A1 - 1988 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A1","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4705,"text":"twri06A1 - 1988 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A1","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr83875","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-875","title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"This report presents a finite-difference model and its associated modular computer program. The model simulates flow in three dimensions. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based and an explanation of how those concepts were incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program. The modular structure consists of a Main Program and a series of highly independent subroutines called 'modules.' The modules are grouped into 'packages.' Each package deals with a specific feature of the hydrologic system which is to be simulated, such as flow from rivers or flow into drains, or with a specific method of solving linear equations which describe the flow system, such as the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe division of the program into modules permits the user to examine specific hydrologic features of the model independently. This also facilitates development of additional capabilities because new modules or packages can be added to the program without modifying the existing modules or packages. The input and output systems of the computer program are also designed to permit maximum flexibility. \r\n\r\nGround-water flow within the aquifer is simulated using a block-centered finite-difference approach. Layers can be simulated as confined, unconfined, or a combination of confined and unconfined. Flow from external stresses, such as flow to wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, flow to drains, and flow through riverbeds, can also be simulated. The finite-difference equations can be solved using either the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe program is written in FORTRAN '66 and will run without modification on most computers which have a FORTRAN '66 compiler. It will also run, without modification, with most extended FORTRAN '77 compilers and with minor modifications on standard FORTRAN '77 compilers. Documentation presented in this report includes a narrative description, a flow chart, a list of variables, and a program listing for each module.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83875","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M., and Harbaugh, A., 1984, A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-875, vi, 528 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83875.","productDescription":"vi, 528 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0875/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0875/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, M.G.","contributorId":37716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, A.W.","contributorId":15208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29870,"text":"wri844328 - 1984 - Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri844328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4328","title":"Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada","docAbstract":"Nine plant macrofossil assemblages from the Eleana Range-2 packrat (Neotoma sp.) midden span 6,500 radiocarbon years and record local vegetational changes in the southern Great Basin of Nevada during the last one-half of the Late Wisconsin glacial age. Climatic reconstructions were developed to account for these changes. During the late full glacial episode (17,000 to 15,000 radiocarbon years before the present), winter precipitation was about 70% greater than present winter precipitation, and summer rainfall was minimal. Average annual precipitation probably exceeded present annual precipitation by less than 40%. Annual temperatures were about 6 to 7 C lower than the present average, and evidence exists for winter temperatures much lower than those of the present. A major warming trend occurred between about 16,000 and 12,000 radiocarbon years before present. By the latest Wisconsin (12 ,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon years before present), annual temperatures were within 2 C of temperatures of the present. During the latest Wisconsin, precipitation was greater during the winter, relative to the present. The climate of this pluvial event was much different from that of the preceding full glacial episode and is consistent with current models of astronomically induced climatic changes. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844328","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, W., Robinson, S., and Paillet, F.L., 1984, Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4328, iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844328.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58681,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58682,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58683,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, W. G.","contributorId":20704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25449,"text":"wri834160 - 1984 - A digital model for streamflow routing by convolution methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"wri834160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4160","title":"A digital model for streamflow routing by convolution methods","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey computer model, CONROUT, for routing streamflow by unit-response convolution flow-routing techniques from an upstream channel location to a downstream channel location has been developed and documented. Calibration and verification of the flow-routing model and subsequent use of the model for simulation is also documented. Three hypothetical examples and two field applications are presented to illustrate basic flow-routing concepts. Most of the discussion is limited to daily flow routing since, to date, all completed and current studies of this nature involve daily flow routing. However, the model is programmed to accept hourly flow-routing data. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834160","usgsCitation":"Doyle, W., Shearman, H., Stiltner, G., and Krug, W., 1984, A digital model for streamflow routing by convolution methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4160, vi, 136 p. :ill., charts ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834160.","productDescription":"vi, 136 p. :ill., charts ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, W.H. Jr.","contributorId":59029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearman, H.O.","contributorId":40630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearman","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stiltner, G.J.","contributorId":56668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiltner","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krug, W.O.","contributorId":77964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53504,"text":"fwsobs82_10_66 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Eastern cottontail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:15:22.239159","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_66","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.66","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Eastern cottontail","docAbstract":"The eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) is the most widely distributed cottontail in North America (Chapman et al. 1982). The species is considered to be a generalist that occupies a variety of habitats from southern Canada southward into South America (Chapman et al. 1980). The eastern cottontail's range overlaps that of six other species of cottontails (Sylvilagus spp.) and six species of hares (Lepus spp.). Eastern cottontails have been widely transplanted and are believed to be expanding their range northward, particularly in the Northeast (Chapman et al. 1982). The eastern cottontail has been successfully introduced into portions of Oregon and Washington which are outside of the species' natural range (Chapman and Morgan 1973). The eastern cottontail is primarily nocturnal and is a principal game species in the eastern United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Eastern cottontail: FWS/OBS 82/10.66, vi, 23 p.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9848,"text":"ofr84489 - 1984 - Modification of a carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen analyzer for reduction of instrument background","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:16","indexId":"ofr84489","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-489","title":"Modification of a carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen analyzer for reduction of instrument background","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84489","usgsCitation":"Klock, P., and Lamothe, P.J., 1984, Modification of a carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen analyzer for reduction of instrument background: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-489, 6 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84489.","productDescription":"6 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0489/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37634,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0489/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klock, P.R.","contributorId":62588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klock","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8868,"text":"ofr84633 - 1984 - Characteristics of some silver-, and base metal-bearing, epithermal deposits of Mexico and Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:50:04","indexId":"ofr84633","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-633","title":"Characteristics of some silver-, and base metal-bearing, epithermal deposits of Mexico and Peru","docAbstract":"Lithotectonic, mineralogical, and geochemical data on two silver- and base metal-bearing deposits from Peru and two from Mexico are compiled to facilitate comparisons with other epithermal deposits. Silver and base metal-bearing deposits of Mexico and Peru constitute an important portion of the world silver production derived from shallow, vein-type deposits hosted in volcanic rocks. Although these deposits are generally similar to epithermal deposits of Nevada and Colorado in the western United States, they have some important differences. Because of this, data on the geological attributes of these deposits are very useful for developing models of ore formation that can be used in mineral exploration. The data collected for this compilation are presented in the following pages in summaries of the important characteristics of each deposit. This compilation, which shows the complexities in the geology of epithermal ore deposits in Mexico and Peru, serves as a basis for further comparisons among epithermal deposits throughout the world. The case studies provide data useful to geologists and exploration!'sts interested in developing models of ore formation to be used in exploration for mineral deposits of this type. The deposits described in this report are the Guanajuato district of Guanajuato, Mexico, the Pachuca-Real del Monte district of Hidalgo, Mexico, the Colqui district of Lima, Peru, and the Julcani district of Huancavelica, Peru.
\nAlthough many characteristics of the geology and geochemistry of this type of deposit were considered, the most important criterion for choosing these deposits was that they have substantial quantities of precious- and base-metal mineralization. Additional criteria for selecting the deposits were that they be hosted primarily by calc-alkaline volcanic rocks of intermediate to silicic composition and that they be younger than Tertiary in age. Many deposits in Mexico and Peru and other parts of Central and South America were excluded because the literature describing the districts is not readily available. Furthermore, many districts have not been examined in detail or the information available is of limited geological scope. The four districts that are compiled in this report were chosen because they are described in abundant literature dating from early mining reports on the general geology and mineralogy to very recent data on detailed geochemical and mineralogical studies. They were chosen as being fairly typical, classic examples of near-surface, low-temperature vein deposits as described by Lindgren (1928) in his treatise on ore deposits (Mineral deposits, McGraw-Hill, 1049 p.). These deposits are similar in aspects of their geology and geochemistry to many of the famous, epithermal silver mining districts in Colorado and Nevada including Creede, Colorado, Tonapah, Nevada, and the Sunnyside Mine of the Eureka district, Colorado, and, in the special case of Julcani, to Summitville, Colorado, and Goldfield, Nevada. The characteristics that distinguish them include overall size, production and alteration assemblage. The information documented in each summary will be used in a forthcoming series of papers on the comparative anatomy of precious and base metal deposits in North and South America.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84633","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., 1984, Characteristics of some silver-, and base metal-bearing, epithermal deposits of Mexico and Peru: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-633, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84633.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0633/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0633/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"471.64 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Mexico, Peru","state":"Guanajuato, Hidalgo. Huancavelica, Lima","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.3,\n 21\n ],\n [\n -101.3,\n 21.1\n ],\n [\n -101.2,\n 21.1\n ],\n [\n -101.2,\n 21\n ],\n [\n -101.3,\n 21\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.7,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -98.7,\n 20.1\n ],\n [\n -98.8,\n 20.1\n ],\n [\n -98.8,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -98.7,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.4,\n -11.5\n ],\n [\n -76.4,\n -11.6\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n -11.6\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n -11.5\n ],\n [\n -76.4,\n -11.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.8,\n -12.9\n ],\n [\n -74.8,\n -13\n ],\n [\n -74.7,\n -13\n ],\n [\n -74.7,\n -12.9\n ],\n [\n -74.8,\n -12.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":158463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48896,"text":"ofr84431 - 1984 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48896,"text":"ofr84431 - 1984 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal","indexId":"ofr84431","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6355,"text":"pp1257 - 1987 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal","indexId":"pp1257","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6355,"text":"pp1257 - 1987 - Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal","indexId":"pp1257","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin, Colorado: A quantitative water-resources appraisal"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T14:41:30","indexId":"ofr84431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-431","title":"Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal","docAbstract":"The Denver metropolitan area is experiencing a rapid population growth that is requiring increasing supplies of potable water to be pumped from bedrock aquifers in order to meet demand. In an effort to determine the ability of the aquifers to continue to meet this demand, the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, the Denver Board of Water Commissioners, and Adams, Arapahoe, Douglas, Elbert and El Paso Counties joined with the U.S. Geological Survey in undertaking a hydrologic evaluation of the ground-water resources of the basin. This involved mapping of aquifer extent, thickness, structure, hydraulic characteristics, and water-level and water-quality conditions. This enabled ground-water modeling techniques to be used to simulate aquifer response to various pumpage estimates and ground-water development plans.
The Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer (the deepest aquifer) underlies the 6,700-square-mile study area and is overlain by the more permeable Arapahoe aquifer, the Denver aquifer, and the Dawson aquifer, which crops out in the southern part of the study area. It is estimated that 260x106 acre-feet of recoverable ground water are in storage in these four bedrock aquifers. However, less than 0.1 percent of this volume of water is stored under confined conditions. The larger volume of water stored under unconfined conditions will be available for use only when the water levels in the confined aquifers decline below the top of the individual aquifer, allowing water-table conditions to develop.
Annual precipitation on the Denver basin supplies an average of 6,900 cubic feet per second of water to the area; about 55 cubic feet per second of this recharges the bedrock aquifers, principally through the Dawson Arkose. The direction of ground-water movement is generally from ground-water divides in the southern part of the area northward toward the margins of the aquifers. Pumpage has ranged from about 5 cubic feet per second in 1884 to about 41 cubic feet per second in 1978. Pumpage exceeds recharge in the metropolitan area and has caused water-level declines (1958-78) to exceed 200 feet in a 135-square-mile area of the Arapahoe aquifer southeast of Denver.
A quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference model of the aquifer system was constructed and calibrated under steady-state and transient-state conditions. Steady-state calibration indicated that lateral hydraulic conductivity within the aquifers is about 100,000 times larger than the vertical hydraulic conductivity between the aquifers. Transient-state calibration indicated that between 1958 and 1978, 374,000 acre-feet of water was pumped from the aquifers, producing a 90,000-acre-foot net decrease in the volume of water in storage in the aquifers. During this time, pumpage also changed the rates of interaquifer flow, induced additional recharge, and caused capture of natural discharge.
Three 1979-2050 pumpage estimates were made for use in simulating the effects of various ground-water development plans. Simulations using each of these pumpage estimates indicate that by the year 2050 large water-level declines could occur, particularly in the deeper aquifers. Maximum water-level declines of 410, 1,700, and 1,830 feet were produced using the small, medium, and large pumping rates.
Four plans for supplementing the Denver water supply include pumping a satellite well field, pumping a municipal well field, pumping to irrigate parks, and injecting water during periods of low demand for later use during periods of peak demand. Model simulation of these plans indicates that the satellite well field will yield twice as much water as the municipal well field, but will produce larger and more widespread water-level declines in the four aquifers. The municipal well field would not significantly affect water levels in the Dawson aquifer. Pumping the Arapahoe aquifer to supply irrigation water to selected parks was shown to produce only small water-level declines in the aquifer. Results of simulating injection-pumpage well fields at two locations indicate that simulated injection rates could range from 1.7 to 10 cubic feet per second, depending on the choice of site. The volume of water that could be stored in the bedrock aquifer is, thus, sensitive to the hydrologic characteristics of the chosen site. More study is needed to evaluate water-chemistry compatibility of native and injected water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84431","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., 1984, Bedrock aquifers in the Denver basin, Colorado; a quantitative water-resources appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-431, Report: vii, 111 p.; 5 Plates: 29.87 x 40.03 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84431.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 111 p.; 5 Plates: 29.87 x 40.03 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359232,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359233,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359234,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359235,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359236,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0431/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.32318115234375,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n -103.68072509765625,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n -103.68072509765625,\n 40.46157664398329\n ],\n [\n -105.32318115234375,\n 40.46157664398329\n ],\n [\n -105.32318115234375,\n 38.77978137804918\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63da50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, S. G.","contributorId":97102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25531,"text":"wri844054 - 1984 - Geohydrology, aqueous geochemistry, and thermal regime of the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal systems, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri844054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4054","title":"Geohydrology, aqueous geochemistry, and thermal regime of the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal systems, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"A flow-routing model of the upper Schoharie Creek basin, New York, was developed and used to simulate high flows at the inlet of the Blenheim-Gilboa Reservoir. The flows from Schoharie Creek at Prattsville, the primary source of flow data in the basin, and tributary flows from the six minor basins downstream, are combined and routed along the 9.7 mile reach of the Schoharie Creek between Prattsville and the reservoir inlet. Data from five historic floods were used for model calibration and four for verification. The accuracy of the model as measured by the difference between simulated and observed total flow volumes, is within 14 percent. Results indicate that inflows to the Blenheim-Gilboa Reservoir can be predicted approximately 2 hours in advance. One of the historical floods was chosen for additional model testing to assess a hypothetical real-time model application. Total flow-volume errors ranged from 30.2 percent to -9.2 percent. Alternative methods of obtaining hydrologic data for model input are presented for use in the event that standard forms of hydrologic data are unavailable. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844054","usgsCitation":"Olmsted, F.H., Welch, A., Van Denburgh, A.S., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 1984, Geohydrology, aqueous geochemistry, and thermal regime of the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal systems, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4054, xiv, 166 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844054.","productDescription":"xiv, 166 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110164,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35951.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"35951"},{"id":121804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54251,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4054/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54252,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4054/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Denburgh, A. S.","contributorId":23928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Denburgh","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27287,"text":"wri844327 - 1984 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:30:37","indexId":"wri844327","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4327","title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Secondary openings in bedrock are the avenues for virtually all ground-water flow in a 626-sqare-mile area in Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania. The number, size, and interconnection of secondary openings are functions of lithology, depth, and topography. Ground water actively circulates to depths of 150 to 300 feet below land surface. Total average annual ground-water recharge for the area is 388 million gallons per day, most of which discharges to streams from local, unconfined flow systems. \r\n\r\n A digital ground-water flow model was developed to simulate unconfined flow under several different recharge and withdrawal scenarios. On the basis of lithologic and hydrologic differences, the modeled area was sub-divided into 22 hydrogeologic units. A finite-difference grid with rectangular blocks, each 2,015 by 2,332 feet, was used. The model was calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The steady-state calibration was used to determine hydraulic conductivities and stream leakage coefficients and the transient calibration was used to determine specific yields. \r\n\r\n The 22 hydrogeologic units fall into four general lithologies: Carbonate rocks, metamorphic rocks, Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and Triassic sedimentary rocks. Average hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 8.8 feet per day in carbonate units to about .5 feet per day in metamorphic units. The Stonehenge Formation (limestone) has the greatest average hydraulic conductivity--85.2 feet per day in carbonate units to about 0.11 feet per day in the greatest gaining-strem leakage coefficient--16.81 feet per day. Specific yield ranges from 0.06 to 0.09 in carbonate units, and is 0.02 to 0.015, and 0.012 in metamorphic, Paleozoic sedimentary, and Triassic sedimentary units, respectively. \r\n\r\n Transient simulations were made to determine the effects of four different combinations of natural and artificial stresses. Natural aquifer conditions (no ground-water withdrawals) and actual aquifer conditions (current ground-water withdrawals) were simulated for two years under normal seasonal and hypothetical drought (60-percent reduction in winter-spring recharge) conditions. \r\n\r\n In October, 6 months after the hypothetical drought, simulated declines in water-table altitude due to the drought occurred everywhere and ranged from a median of 3.6 feet in carbonate units to 8.7 feet in carbonate units. Simulated base flows for five major streams were reduced by 33 to 51 percent during the hypothetical drought. \r\n\r\n Also in October, maximum simulated declines in water-table altitude due to ground-water withdrawls ranged from 33 feet in carbonate units to 79 feet in Triassic sedimentary units. Simulated base flows for five major streams were reduced by the amount of ground water withdrawn. \r\n\r\n Finally, again in October, maximum simulated declines in water-table altitude due to the combination of hypothetical drought and ground-water withdrawls ranged from 38 feet in carbonate units to 109 feet in Triassic sedimentary units. Due to aquifer dewatering, simulated declines were as much as 24 feet greater than the sum of the separate simulated declines that were caused by hypothetical drought and ground-water withdrawals. Some of the greatest simulated declines were in well fields, operated by three municipalities that experienced water-supply problems during the 1980-81 drought.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844327","usgsCitation":"Gerhart, J.M., and Lazorchick, G., 1984, Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4327, vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844327.","productDescription":"vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56169,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56165,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56166,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56167,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56168,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhart, J. M.","contributorId":12855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazorchick, G.J.","contributorId":100391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchick","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27159,"text":"wri844233 - 1984 - Magnitude and frequency of flood volumes for urban watersheds in Leon County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri844233","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4233","title":"Magnitude and frequency of flood volumes for urban watersheds in Leon County, Florida","docAbstract":"Techniques are provided for estimating runoff magnitudes for urban-flow streams in Leon County, Florida, for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years. Synthetic runoff volumes were generated by using a calibrated lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model, pan evaporation data from Milton, Florida, and long-term unit rainfall records from Thomasville-Coolidge, Georgia, and Pensacola, Florida. The synthetic runoff volumes were used to develop station runoff-frequency relations which were used in multiple linear regression analyses to derive regional equations relating runoff to basin characteristics. The significant basin characteristic was impervious area. The average standard error of regression was + or - 16 percent for all recurrence intervals except the 2-year, + or - 18 percent and the 500-year + or - 17 percent. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844233","usgsCitation":"Franklin, M., 1984, Magnitude and frequency of flood volumes for urban watersheds in Leon County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4233, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844233.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4233/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4233/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, M.A.","contributorId":13631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25469,"text":"wri834130 - 1984 - Effects of relocating State Route 151 on the flood profiles of Conotton Creek and its tributaries between Bowerston and Scio, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri834130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4130","title":"Effects of relocating State Route 151 on the flood profiles of Conotton Creek and its tributaries between Bowerston and Scio, Ohio","docAbstract":"The Ohio Department of Transportation proposes to relocate an 8-mile segment of State Route 151 between Bowerston and Scio, Harrison County, Ohio. About 3.1 miles of this relocated highway will be within the flood plain of Conotton Creek or its tributaries. \r\n\r\nWater-surface profiles of the 100-year flood along Conotton Creek before and after the highway relocation are virtually the same between Bowerston and the western corporation limit of Scio. Upstream from that point to the upper end of the study reach, the modified profile would be about 1 foot lower than for existing conditions. Design-flood profiles on the three studied tributaries showed that Dining Fork profiles will be unaffected, Irish Creek profiles will be 0.7 to 0.9 foot lower, and Scott Run profiles will be 0.1 to 0.5 foot lower.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834130","usgsCitation":"Bartlett, W., Krejmas, B., Mayo, R., and Wandle, S.W., 1984, Effects of relocating State Route 151 on the flood profiles of Conotton Creek and its tributaries between Bowerston and Scio, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4130, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834130.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6119a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlett, W.P.","contributorId":76780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlett","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krejmas, B. E.","contributorId":88374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejmas","given":"B. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayo, R.I.","contributorId":58277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wandle, S. W.","contributorId":86789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27340,"text":"wri834078 - 1984 - Storage analyses for ephemeral streams in semiarid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri834078","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4078","title":"Storage analyses for ephemeral streams in semiarid regions","docAbstract":"A model has been developed for determining the probability of a reservoir being unable to provide a specified downstream water supply. By applying the model with a number of assumed storage capacities, the long-term water supply potential of a stream below a reservoir can be evaluated. Previous methods for determining available water supply from streamflow records using a reservoir storage analysis have met with limited success in semiarid regions. The shortcomings are due to the failure of the methods to account for zero-flow periods and the high day-to-day variability of discharge of many streams. The reservoir storage model presented in this report is designed to account for these streamflow characteristics. Reservoir inflow, outflow, and evaporation are modeled as varying daily, and values of storage probability are adjusted for zero-flow periods. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834078","usgsCitation":"Glover, K.C., 1984, Storage analyses for ephemeral streams in semiarid regions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4078, v, 55 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834078.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56205,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glover, K. C.","contributorId":14828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26150,"text":"wri844280 - 1984 - Impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on the 500-year flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:54:44.770483","indexId":"wri844280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4280","title":"Impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on the 500-year flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-element surface water flow modeling system based on the shallow water equations was used to study the hydraulic impact of the proposed Interstate crossing on the 500-year flood. Infrared aerial photography was used to define regions of homogeneous roughness in the flood plain. Finite-element networks approximating flood plain topography were designed using elements of three roughness types. High water marks established during an 8-year flood that occurred in October 1976 were used to calibrate the model. The 500-year flood (630,000 cu ft/sec) was simulated using the dike on the left bank as the left boundary and the right edge of the flood plain as the right boundary. Simulations were performed without and with the proposed highway embankments in place. Detailed information was obtained about backwater effects upstream from the proposed highway embankments, changes in flow distribution resulting from embankments, and velocities in the vicinity of the bridge openings. The results of the study indicate that the four bridge openings in the right flood plain should be adequate to handle the 500-yr flood flow. Forty percent of the flow passes through the main channel bridge, while the remaining 60% of the flow passes through the three overflow bridges. Average velocities in the bridge openings ranged from 3.4 ft/sec to 6.9 ft/sec with a maximum vertically averaged velocity of 9.3 ft/sec occurring at the right edge of one of the overflow bridges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844280","usgsCitation":"Bennett, C., 1984, Impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on the 500-year flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4280, Report: iv, 23 p.; 3 Plates: 32.00 x 34.86 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844280.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; 3 Plates: 32.00 x 34.86 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411819,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36123.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54945,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54946,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54947,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Congaree River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.059,\n 33.974\n ],\n [\n -81.059,\n 33.891\n ],\n [\n -80.966,\n 33.891\n ],\n [\n -80.966,\n 33.974\n ],\n [\n -81.059,\n 33.974\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f4161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, C.S.","contributorId":13273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28383,"text":"wri834286 - 1984 - Calibration and verification of a rainfall-runoff model and a runoff-quality model for several urban basins in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri834286","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4286","title":"Calibration and verification of a rainfall-runoff model and a runoff-quality model for several urban basins in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey 's Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model--Version II was calibrated and verified for five urban basins in the Denver metropolitan area. Land-use types in the basins were light commerical, multifamily housing, single-family housing, and a shopping center. The overall accuracy of model predictions of peak flows and runoff volumes was about 15 percent for storms with rainfall intensities of less than 1 inch per hour and runoff volume of greater than 0.01 inch. Predictions generally were unsatisfactory for storm having a rainfall intensity of more than 1 inch per hour, or runoff of 0.01 inch or less. The Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model-Quality, a multievent runoff-quality model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, was calibrated and verified on four basins. The model was found to be most useful in the prediction of seasonal loads of constituents in the runoff resulting from rainfall. The model was not very accurate in the prediction of runoff loads of individual constituents. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834286","usgsCitation":"Lindner-Lunsford, J.B., and Ellis, S.R., 1984, Calibration and verification of a rainfall-runoff model and a runoff-quality model for several urban basins in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4286, v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834286.","productDescription":"v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4286/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4286/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f959f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindner-Lunsford, J. B.","contributorId":81938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindner-Lunsford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, S. R.","contributorId":103278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47190,"text":"ofr8452 - 1984 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47190,"text":"ofr8452 - 1984 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr8452","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68263,"text":"ha680 - 1986 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ha680","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":68263,"text":"ha680 - 1986 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ha680","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T18:12:32.179177","indexId":"ofr8452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-52","title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"This report is one in a series resulting from the U.S. Geological Survey's Snake River Plain Rasa (Regional Aquifer System Analysis) study that was initiation in October 1979.
Purposes of the RASA study were to (1) refine knowledge of the regional ground-water flow system, (2) determine effects of conjunctive use of ground water and surface water, and (3) describe water chemistry. This purpose of this report is to describe flow characteristics of the Snake River and tributaries and to develop a water budget for the Snake River Plain. Data and interpretation in this report will be used in development of ground-water flow models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8452","usgsCitation":"Kjelstrom, L., 1984, Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-52, 2 Plates: 50.67 x 38.09 inches and 41.32 x 30.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8452.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 50.67 x 38.09 inches and 41.32 x 30.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0052/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0052/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0052/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -117.46582031249999,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -117.57568359374999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -116.8505859375,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -115.29052734375,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -112.4560546875,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -111.884765625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -112.52197265625,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -115.90576171874999,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -116.03759765625,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5defef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjelstrom, L.C.","contributorId":89104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjelstrom","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27149,"text":"wri834125 - 1984 - Hydrogeology of a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri834125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4125","title":"Hydrogeology of a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","docAbstract":"The Sheffield low-level radioactive-waste facility is located on 20 acres of rolling terrain 3 miles southwest of Sheffield, Illinois. The shallow hydrogeologic system is composed of glacial sediments. Pennsylvania shale and mudstone bedrock isolate the regional aquifers below from the hydrogeologic system in the overlying glacial deposits. Pebbly sand underlies 67 percent of the site. Two ground-water flow paths were identified. The primary path conveys ground water from the site to the east through the pebbly-sand unit; a secondary path conveys ground water to the south and east through less permeable material. The pebbly-sand unit provides an underdrain that eliminates the risk of water rising into the trenches. Digital computer model results indicate that the pebbly-sand unit controls ground-water movement. Tritium found migrating in ground water in the southeast corner of the site travels approximately 25 feet per year. A group of water samples from wells which contained the highest tritium concentrations had specific conductivities, alkalinities, hardness, and chloride, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium contents higher than normal for local shallow ground water. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834125","usgsCitation":"Foster, J., Erickson, J., and Healy, R.W., 1984, Hydrogeology of a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4125, viii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834125.","productDescription":"viii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=83-4125","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56030,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6246cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, J.B.","contributorId":12040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, J.R.","contributorId":66689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18085,"text":"ofr84162 - 1984 - Major oxide analyses, CIPW norms, modes, and bulk specific gravities of plutonic rocks from the Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T15:43:13.660166","indexId":"ofr84162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-162","title":"Major oxide analyses, CIPW norms, modes, and bulk specific gravities of plutonic rocks from the Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84162","usgsCitation":"Bateman, P.C., Dodge, F., and Bruggman, P., 1984, Major oxide analyses, CIPW norms, modes, and bulk specific gravities of plutonic rocks from the Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet, central Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-162, viii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84162.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75720.htm"},{"id":47439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0162/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, P. C.","contributorId":27851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, F. C.","contributorId":74012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruggman, P. E.","contributorId":83536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggman","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28833,"text":"wri844080 - 1984 - Ground-water-quality appraisal of sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:29:46","indexId":"wri844080","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4080","title":"Ground-water-quality appraisal of sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected periodically from 124 wells completed in sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota, to determine baseline water quality, provide data for evaluation of trends, and to investigate seasonal variations in concentrations of selected chemical constituents during a 3-year study that began in October 1979. Results of the study show that the water is predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type with low to moderate concentrations of dissolved solids (77 to 710 milligrams per liter), and that it generally is suitable chemically for most uses. Concentrations of most constituents are below limits for domestic consumption recommended by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, iron, and manganese in localized areas, however, exceed the recommended limits. Comparison of current data to historical data indicates that concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and chloride have increased in local agricultural areas.
\nData indicate that concentrations of certain chemical constituents vary seasonally and annually with changes in ground-water levels. This relationship suggests that chemicals infiltrate the land surface and percolate to the water table during major recharge events.
\nSite-specific investigations at the Staples Irrigation Center near Staples, Minnesota, indicate that, in addition to seasonal variation, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and chloride concentrations decreased with depth while iron concentrations increased. Although no direct quantifiable relationship between concentration and depth was found, mean nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and chloride concentrations were both 15 milligrams per liter near the top of the aquifer and were 0.1 and 3.5 milligrams per liter, respectively, near the bottom; mean concentrations of dissolved iron were 460 ug/L near the top of the aquifer and 3840 ug/L near the bottom. Data show that the stratification with depth of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, chloride, and iron exists at least several hundred feet from the source area throughout most of the year. Chemical stratification appears to be greatest during periods of little recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri844080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., 1984, Ground-water-quality appraisal of sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4080, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844080.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59419,"text":"mf1521D - 1984 - Reconnaissance geochemical maps of mineralized rocks in the Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:22:29","indexId":"mf1521D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1521","chapter":"D","title":"Reconnaissance geochemical maps of mineralized rocks in the Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Dragoon Mountains of central Cochise County are one of a group of northwest-trending ranges in southeastern Arizona. The Dragoon Mountains have a broad, low southeastern part; a narrow, moderately high central part; and a broad, high, northwestern part. The Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, about 55 mi2 (104 km2) in size, covers most of this northwestern part. The roadless area thus extends from Middle Pass in the southeast to Big Draw in in the northwest, and from the edge of Sulphur Springs Valley in the northeast to the edge of the San Pedro River valley in the southwest, excluding several canyon mouths and other developed areas as shown on figure 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1521D","usgsCitation":"Drewes, H., 1984, Reconnaissance geochemical maps of mineralized rocks in the Dragoon Mountains Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1521, 47.00 x 38.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1521D.","productDescription":"47.00 x 38.54 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1521D.PNG"},{"id":327208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1521-D/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Cochise","otherGeospatial":"Dragoon Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.01434326171875,\n 32.013898345577914\n ],\n [\n -109.96559143066406,\n 32.03776626173338\n ],\n [\n -109.95597839355467,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -109.96009826660156,\n 32.010404958190534\n ],\n [\n -109.96559143066406,\n 31.997594731962774\n ],\n [\n -109.97108459472655,\n 31.987694694913323\n ],\n [\n -109.97177124023438,\n 31.977211138105698\n ],\n [\n -109.95460510253906,\n 31.974298826428072\n ],\n [\n -109.94911193847656,\n 31.96672638359533\n ],\n [\n -109.94705200195311,\n 31.95798817341275\n ],\n [\n -109.95391845703125,\n 31.946918580249633\n ],\n [\n -109.96490478515625,\n 31.92943755974919\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 31.93934387957224\n ],\n [\n -109.94155883789062,\n 31.945170627818577\n ],\n [\n -109.92988586425781,\n 31.93992657102148\n ],\n [\n -109.92233276367188,\n 31.93235129404254\n ],\n [\n -109.91615295410155,\n 31.920695802848183\n ],\n [\n -109.91203308105469,\n 31.903792716788487\n ],\n [\n -109.91889953613281,\n 31.892133606937325\n ],\n [\n -109.9243927001953,\n 31.875808372704054\n ],\n [\n -109.92919921875,\n 31.871143488642247\n ],\n [\n -109.94705200195311,\n 31.879306880763227\n ],\n [\n -109.962158203125,\n 31.885720467145212\n ],\n [\n -109.96902465820312,\n 31.87814072617145\n ],\n [\n -109.96971130371094,\n 31.864728887466658\n ],\n [\n -109.97108459472655,\n 31.85948024535741\n ],\n [\n -109.98001098632812,\n 31.85189834587929\n ],\n [\n -109.98825073242188,\n 31.853648070322752\n ],\n [\n -109.99374389648436,\n 31.861229825930895\n ],\n [\n -110.00885009765625,\n 31.866478368426876\n ],\n [\n -110.02601623535155,\n 31.87464217382903\n ],\n [\n -110.01983642578125,\n 31.886303498308433\n ],\n [\n -110.02120971679688,\n 31.890967614740212\n ],\n [\n -110.02876281738281,\n 31.892133606937325\n ],\n [\n -110.03700256347656,\n 31.89971219631015\n ],\n [\n -110.03837585449219,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -110.03219604492188,\n 31.918364527333846\n ],\n [\n -110.02052307128906,\n 31.927106505829546\n ],\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 31.931185811406294\n ],\n [\n -110.03288269042967,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -110.04112243652342,\n 31.93526493599139\n ],\n [\n -110.04867553710936,\n 31.937595783059336\n ],\n [\n -110.05966186523438,\n 31.93934387957224\n ],\n [\n -110.0562286376953,\n 31.949831760406877\n ],\n [\n -110.04661560058594,\n 31.956823015897207\n ],\n [\n -110.04112243652342,\n 31.963813739260456\n ],\n [\n -110.03631591796875,\n 31.977793589351563\n ],\n [\n -110.02944946289062,\n 31.99293602411166\n ],\n [\n -110.01434326171875,\n 32.013898345577914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewes, Harald","contributorId":52567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"Harald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36520,"text":"fwsobs82_10_76 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Pink shrimp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:25:09.859126","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_76","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.76","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Pink shrimp","docAbstract":"Shrimp support the most valuable seafood industry in the United States (Roedel 1973; National Marine Fisheries Service 1983). The three most important commercial species are the white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus L.), brown shrimp (P. aztecus Ives), and pink shrimp (P. duorarum Burkenroad). Adult pink shdmp are caught \"in commercial quantities throughout most of the geographic ranqe of the species (L indner 1957), and juveni les support a sizable bait shrimp industry along the Florida coast and throughout the Gulf of Mexico (Saloman 1965).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, R., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Pink shrimp: FWS/OBS 82/10.76, vi, 17 p.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":167154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, Rosemarie","contributorId":8535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulholland","given":"Rosemarie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2583,"text":"wsp2198 - 1984 - A Galerkin finite-element flow model to predict the transient response of a radially symmetric aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp2198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2198","title":"A Galerkin finite-element flow model to predict the transient response of a radially symmetric aquifer","docAbstract":"A computer program developed to evaluate radial flow of ground water, such as at a pumping well, recharge basin, or injection well, is capable of simulating anisotropic, inhomogenous, confined, or pseudo-unconfined (constant saturated thickness) conditions. Results compare well with those calculated from published analytical and model solutions. The program is based on the Galerkin finite-element technique. A sample model run is presented to illustrate the use of the program; supplementary material provides the program listing as well as a sample problem data set and output. From the text and other material presented, one can use the program to predict drawdowns from pumping and ground-water buildups from recharge in a radially symmetric ground-water system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2198","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., 1984, A Galerkin finite-element flow model to predict the transient response of a radially symmetric aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2198, iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2198.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4956e4b0b290850ef11f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26527,"text":"wri844178 - 1984 - Application of the U.S. Geological Survey's precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Prairie Dog Creek basin, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri844178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4178","title":"Application of the U.S. Geological Survey's precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Prairie Dog Creek basin, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey 's precipitation-runoff modeling system was tested using 2 year 's data for the daily mode and 17 storms for the storm mode from a basin in southeastern Montana. Two hydrologic response unit delineations were studied. The more complex delineation did not provide superior results. In this application, the optimum numbers of hydrologic response units were 16 and 18 for the two alternatives. The first alternative with 16 units was modified to facilitate interfacing with the storm mode. A parameter subset was defined for the daily mode using sensitivity analysis. Following optimization, the simulated hydrographs approximated the observed hydrograph during the first year, a year of large snowfall. More runoff was simulated than observed during the second year. There was reasonable correspondence between the observed snowpack and the simulated snowpack the first season but poor the second. More soil moisture was withdrawn than was indicated by soil moisture observations. Optimization of parameters in the storm mode resulted in much larger values than originally estimated, commonly larger than published values of the Green and Ampt parameters. Following optimization, variable results were obtained. The results obtained are probably related to inadequate representation of basin infiltration characteristics and to precipitation variability. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844178","usgsCitation":"Cary, L.E., 1984, Application of the U.S. Geological Survey's precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Prairie Dog Creek basin, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4178, vi, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844178.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55389,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a6da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cary, L. E.","contributorId":47369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cary","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28165,"text":"wri844297 - 1984 - Simulated effects of proposed reservoir-development alternatives on streamflow quantity in the White River, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T22:31:27.353684","indexId":"wri844297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4297","title":"Simulated effects of proposed reservoir-development alternatives on streamflow quantity in the White River, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"Numerous reservoirs have been proposed for the White River basin in Colorado and Utah, primarily to provide water for oil-shale development. A multireservoir-flow model was used to simulate the effects of streamflow withdrawal at four of the proposed reservoirs using historical streamflow data from the 1932-81 water years. The proposed reservoirs considered in the study were Avery, Powell Park, Taylor Draw, and White River Reservoirs; construction of Taylor Draw Dam was completed during the study. Annual streamflow depletions from the White River ranging from about 93,000 to 226,000 acre-feet were simulated for the 50 year period. Simulated streamflow throughout the year generally became smaller and more constant as streamflow throughout the year generally became smaller and more constant as streamflow depletion increased. Minimum streamflow requirements would not have been met for a maximum of 13 years and water-use requirements associated with the proposed reservoirs would not have been met for a maximum of 3 years. The current water-use pattern, which depletes about 40,000 acre-feet per year and is dominated by irrigation of hay meadows and pastureland, was maintained in the simulation. Relations between reservoir active capacity and yield applicable to the White River also were developed. These relations show that reservoir storage of about 400,000 acre-feet is the maximum practicable for the White River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844297","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., and Ellis, S.R., 1984, Simulated effects of proposed reservoir-development alternatives on streamflow quantity in the White River, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4297, v, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844297.","productDescription":"v, 59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36139.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4297/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.717,\n 40.225\n ],\n [\n -109.717,\n 39.683\n ],\n [\n -107.267,\n 39.683\n ],\n [\n -107.267,\n 40.225\n ],\n [\n -109.717,\n 40.225\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, S. R.","contributorId":103278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18205,"text":"ofr84256 - 1984 - Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T13:26:31","indexId":"ofr84256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-256","title":"Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement","docAbstract":"In order to refine correlations of surface-wave magnitude, fault rupture length at the ground surface, and fault displacement at the surface by including the uncertainties in these variables, the existing data were critically reviewed and a new data base was compiled. Earthquake magnitudes were redetermined as necessary to make them as consistent as possible with the Gutenberg methods and results, which necessarily make up much of the data base. Measurement errors were estimated for the three variables for 58 moderate to large shallow-focus earthquakes. Regression analyses were then made utilizing the estimated measurement errors. \r\nThe regression analysis demonstrates that the relations among the variables magnitude, length, and displacement are stochastic in nature. The stochastic variance, introduced in part by incomplete surface expression of seismogenic faulting, variation in shear modulus, and regional factors, dominates the estimated measurement errors. Thus, it is appropriate to use ordinary least squares for the regression models, rather than regression models based upon an underlying deterministic relation with the variance resulting from measurement errors. \r\n\r\nSignificant differences exist in correlations of certain combinations of length, displacement, and magnitude when events are qrouped by fault type or by region, including attenuation regions delineated by Evernden and others. Subdivision of the data results in too few data for some fault types and regions, and for these only regressions using all of the data as a group are reported. \r\n\r\nEstimates of the magnitude and the standard deviation of the magnitude of a prehistoric or future earthquake associated with a fault can be made by correlating M with the logarithms of rupture length, fault displacement, or the product of length and displacement. Fault rupture area could be reliably estimated for about 20 of the events in the data set. Regression of MS on rupture area did not result in a marked improvement over regressions that did not involve rupture area. Because no subduction-zone earthquakes are included in this study, the reported results do not apply to such zones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84256","usgsCitation":"Bonilla, M.G., Mark, R.K., and Lienkaemper, J.J., 1984, Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-256, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84256.","productDescription":"46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1027,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/of84-256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonilla, M. G.","contributorId":33698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonilla","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}