{"pageNumber":"1497","pageRowStart":"37400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46681,"records":[{"id":70014285,"text":"70014285 - 1988 - Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:04:20","indexId":"70014285","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","docAbstract":"<p><span>A revision of the Birkenes model of streamwater acidification has been attempted to incorporate additional chemical and hydrologic information gained in the last 6 years since its original construction. The first stage of this effort has been an analysis of the hydrologic submodel with the goal of extending it to predict concentrations of a conservative tracer in streamwater. An objective calibration of the model indicated that the model is overparameterized. Only one passive store is identifiabile, not two as currently contained in the model and the routing between the two reservoirs is not determined by the data. Inclusion of the conservative tracer improved the identifiability of the dimensional parameters, but had little effect on the rate or routing parameters. If the hydrologic structure is to be determined from the hydrograph and conservative tracer alone, it must be simplified to eliminate unidentifiable parameters. The validity of using more complex rainfall-runoff models in hydrochemical models which seek to test chemical mechanisms is called into question by this analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i008p01308","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Stone, A., Christophersen, N., Grosbois, D., and Seip, H.M., 1988, Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1308-1316, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i008p01308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede4e4b0c8380cd49aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Alex","contributorId":198669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christophersen, Nils","contributorId":198668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christophersen","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosbois, de","contributorId":77668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosbois","given":"de","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seip, Hans M.","contributorId":69720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013726,"text":"70013726 - 1988 - Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:38:34.704288","indexId":"70013726","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","docAbstract":"<p><span>Physiographic, hydrologic, and rainfall data from 18 small drainage basins in semiarid, central Wyoming were used to calibrate topological, unit‐hydrograph models for celerity, the average rate of travel of a flood wave through the basin. The data set consisted of basin characteristics and hydrologic data for the 18 basins and rainfall data for 68 storms. Calibrated values of celerity and peak discharges subsequently were regressed as a function of the basin characteristics and excess rainfall volume. Predicted values obtained in this way can be used as input for estimating hydrographs in ungaged basins. The regression models included ordinary least‐squares and seemingly unrelated regression. This latter regression model jointly estimated the celerity and peak discharge. The correlation between residuals of the celerity and peak‐discharge regressions was sufficiently large to de‐, crease the variances of estimated univariate‐model parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M.R., Guertin, D.P., and Troutman, B., 1988, Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 114, no. 4, p. 446-456, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9340e4b0c8380cd80ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":366732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014162,"text":"70014162 - 1988 - Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: a quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T15:37:41","indexId":"70014162","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: a quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone","docAbstract":"An onsite experimental procedure was used to identify and quantify acid rain damage to carbonate stone, based on the change in rain runoff chemical composition. Onsite data obtained during the summer and fall of 1984 at three locations in the northeastern United States indicate that carbonate stone surface recession is related to acid deposition. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290130406","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M., 1988, Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: a quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 13, no. 4, p. 335-354, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290130406.","startPage":"335","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269253,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290130406"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e693e4b0c8380cd474f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013722,"text":"70013722 - 1988 - Wetland Boundary Determination in the Great Dismal Swamp Using Weighted Averages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:38:33","indexId":"70013722","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland Boundary Determination in the Great Dismal Swamp Using Weighted Averages","docAbstract":"A weighted average method was used to analyze transition zone vegetation in the Great Dismal Swamp to determine if a more uniform determination of wetland boundaries can be made nationwide. The method was applied to vegetation data collected on four transects and three vertical layers across the wetland-to-upland transition zone of the swamp. Ecological index values based on water tolerance were either taken from the literature or derived from local species tolerances. Wetland index values were calculated for 25-m increments using species cover and rankings based on the ecological indices. Wetland index values were used to designate increments as either wetland, transitional, or upland, and to examine the usefulness of a provisional wetland-upland break-point. The weighted average method did not provide for an objective placement of an absolute wetland boundary, but did serve to focus attention on the transitional boundary zone where supplementary information is necessary to select a wetland-upland breakpoint.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb02987.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., Garrett, M.K., and Gammon, P.T., 1988, Wetland Boundary Determination in the Great Dismal Swamp Using Weighted Averages: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 297-306, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb02987.x.","startPage":"297","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267761,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb02987.x"},{"id":220051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc39ee4b08c986b32b2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, Mary Keith","contributorId":12082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gammon, Patricia T.","contributorId":107251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammon","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013669,"text":"70013669 - 1988 - Physical deposit measures and commercial potential: The case of titanium-bearing heavy-mineral deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013669","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical deposit measures and commercial potential: The case of titanium-bearing heavy-mineral deposits","docAbstract":"Physical measures of mineral deposit characteristics, such as grade and tonnage, long have been used in both subjective and analytic models to predict favorability of areas for the occurrence of mineral deposits of particular types. After a deposit has been identified, however, the explorationist must decide whether to continue data collection, begin an economic feasibility study, or abandon the prospect. The decision maker can estimate the probability that a deposit will be commercial by examining physical measures. The amount of sampling data required before such a probability estimate can be considered reliable can be determined. A logit probability model estimated from onshore titanium-bearing heavy-mineral deposit data identifies and quantifies the relative influence of a deposit's physical measures on the chances of the deposit becoming commercial. A principal conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis is that, along with a measure of deposit size, the characteristics most important in predicting commercial potential are grades of the constituent minerals. Total heavy-mineral-bearing sand grade or even total titanium grade (without data on constituent mineral grades) are poor predictors of the deposit's commercial potential. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00918880","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and DeYoung, J., 1988, Physical deposit measures and commercial potential: The case of titanium-bearing heavy-mineral deposits: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 97-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00918880.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918880"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7aa7e4b0c8380cd79010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeYoung, J.H. Jr.","contributorId":86367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"J.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014391,"text":"70014391 - 1988 - Diel variations in iron chemistry in an acidic stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:50:46","indexId":"70014391","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel variations in iron chemistry in an acidic stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the Snake River, an acidic mountain stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, the concentration of dissolved iron is apparently unrelated to seasonal changes in hydrologic regime, which strongly influence the concentrations of most other dissolved constituents. Hourly sampling indicated that short-term fluctuations in iron chemistry occur, whereas the concentrations of most other dissolved constituents, including other trace metals, remain stable. During the day, greater concentrations of dissolved total and ferrous iron generally occurred during periods of full sunlight. Photoreduction of hydrous iron oxides, which are abundant in the fine sediment and as coatings on the rocks, may be responsible for these observations. Iron chemistry also varied at night, decreasing in dissolved total and ferrous iron until about midnight and increasing until dawn. Oxidation of ferrous iron, and several microbial processes, may contribute to these nighttime changes. In an on-site batch experiment using rocks and streamwater, an increase in dissolved total and ferrous iron occurred on exposure to sunlight, and ferrous oxidation occurred on return to darkness. Short-term fluctuations in iron chemistry are consistent with the lack of correlation between iron and other constituents in the long-term data, and illustrate the potential importance of complex in-stream processes in such stream systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1551347","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D., and Bencala, K., 1988, Diel variations in iron chemistry in an acidic stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 492-500, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551347.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"500","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c5e4b0c8380cd4f8f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, D.","contributorId":48713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014709,"text":"70014709 - 1988 - Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T14:38:46.831799","indexId":"70014709","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use seismograms of local earthquakes to image relative shear wave attenuation structure in the shallow crust beneath the region containing the Coso volcanic-geothermal area of eastern California.&nbsp;</span><i>SV</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;wave amplitudes were measured from vertical component seismograms of earthquakes that occurred in the Cososouthem Sierra Nevada region from July 1983 to August 1985. Seismograms of 16 small earthquakes show&nbsp;</span><i>SV</i><span>&nbsp;amplitudes which are greatly diminished at some azimuths and takeoff angles, indicating strong lateral variations in&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;wave attenuation in the area. Three-dimensional images of the relative&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;wave attenuation structure are obtained from forward modeling and a back projection inversion of the amplitude data. The results indicate regions within a 20 by 30 by 10 km volume of the shallow crust (one shallower than 5 km) that severely attenuate&nbsp;</span><i>SV</i><span>&nbsp;waves passing through them. These anomalies lie beneath the Indian Wells Valley, 30 km south of the Coso volcanic field, and are coincident with the epicentral locations of recent earthquake swarms. No anomalous attenuation is seen beneath the Coso volcanic field above about 5 km depth. Geologic relations and the coincidence of anomalously slow&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;wave velocities suggest that the attenuation anomalies may be related to magmatism along the eastern Sierra front.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB04p03321","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sanders, C., Ho-Liu, P., Rinn, D., and Hiroo, K., 1988, Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B4, p. 3321-3338, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB04p03321.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3321","endPage":"3338","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480029,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib04p03321","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4be4b0c8380cd4919b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, C.","contributorId":91640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho-Liu, P.","contributorId":36689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho-Liu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinn, D.","contributorId":92436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinn","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiroo, Kanamori","contributorId":60784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiroo","given":"Kanamori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014710,"text":"70014710 - 1988 - Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014710","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2742,"text":"Mikrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","docAbstract":"The variation in relative elemental concentrations among a series of coal macerals belonging to the vitrinite maceral group was determined using laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS). Variations in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V concentrations among the coals were determined using the LAMM A-1000 instrument. LAMMS analysis is not limited to these elements; their selection illustrates the application of the technique. Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V have minimal site-to-site variance in the vitrinite macerals of the studied coals as measured by LAMMS. The LAMMS data were compared with bulk elemental data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and D. C. arc optical emission spectroscopy (DCAS) in order to determine the reliability of the LAMMS data. The complex nature of the ionization phenomena in LAMMS and the lack of standards characterized on a microscale makes obtaining quantitative elemental data within the ionization microvolume difficult; however, we demonstrate that the relative variation of an element among vitrinites from different coal beds in the eastern United States can be observed using LAMMS in a \"bulk\" mode by accumulating signal intensities over several microareas of each vitrinite. Our studies indicate gross changes (greater than a factor of 2 to 5 depending on the element) can be monitored when the elemental concentration is significantly above the detection limit. \"Bulk\" mode analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of future elemental LAMMS microanalyses. The primary advantage of LAMMS is the inherent spatial resolution, ~ 20 ??m for coal. Two different vitrite bands in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed (CLB-1) were analyzed. The analysis did not establish any certain concentration differences in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V between the two bands. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mikrochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01236096","issn":"00263672","usgsCitation":"Morelli, J., Hercules, D., Lyons, P., Palmer, C., and Fletcher, J., 1988, Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite: Mikrochimica Acta, v. 96, no. 1-6, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096"},{"id":225655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc066e4b08c986b32a0de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, J.J.","contributorId":90891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hercules, D.M.","contributorId":86905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hercules","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014732,"text":"70014732 - 1988 - A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014732","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","docAbstract":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development in a given region based on calibration from a series of dated soils is used to estimate ages of soils in the same region that are not dated directly. The method is designed specifically to account for sampling procedures and uncertainties that are inherent in soil studies. Soil variation and measurement error, uncertainties in calibration dates and their relation to the age of the soil, and the limited number of dated soils are all considered. Maximum likelihood (ML) is employed to estimate a parametric linear calibration curve, relating soil development to time or age on suitably transformed scales. Soil variation on a geomorphic surface of a certain age is characterized by replicate sampling of soils on each surface; such variation is assumed to have a Gaussian distribution. The age of a geomorphic surface is described by older and younger bounds. This technique allows age uncertainty to be characterized by either a Gaussian distribution or by a triangular distribution using minimum, best-estimate, and maximum ages. The calibration curve is taken to be linear after suitable (in certain cases logarithmic) transformations, if required, of the soil parameter and age variables. Soil variability, measurement error, and departures from linearity are described in a combined fashion using Gaussian distributions with variances particular to each sampled geomorphic surface and the number of sample replicates. Uncertainty in age of a geomorphic surface used for calibration is described using three parameters by one of two methods. In the first method, upper and lower ages are specified together with a coverage probability; this specification is converted to a Gaussian distribution with the appropriate mean and variance. In the second method, \"absolute\" older and younger ages are specified together with a most probable age; this specification is converted to an asymmetric triangular distribution with mode at the most probable age. The statistical variability of the ML-estimated calibration curve is assessed by a Monte Carlo method in which simulated data sets repeatedly are drawn from the distributional specification; calibration parameters are reestimated for each such simulation in order to assess their statistical variability. Several examples are used for illustration. The age of undated soils in a related setting may be estimated from the soil data using the fitted calibration curve. A second simulation to assess age estimate variability is described and applied to the examples. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00903188","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Switzer, P., Harden, J., and Mark, R.K., 1988, A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5afe4b0c8380cd46f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Switzer, P.","contributorId":66432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014733,"text":"70014733 - 1988 - The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:48:17.685689","indexId":"70014733","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed monitoring at Mount St. Helens since 1980 has enabled prediction of the intermittent eruptive activity (mostly dome growth) with unprecedented success. During 1981 and 1982, accelerating deformation of the crater floor around the vent (including radial cracks, thrust faults, and ground tilt) was the earliest indicator of impending activity. Numerical experiments using the finite element method to model the mechanics of the crater floor show that all deformation features can be explained by a uniform shear-stress boundary condition along the conduit wall. The magnitude of the shear stress required to match observed displacements (1–7 MPa) is inversely proportional to the conduit diameter (estimated to be 25–100 m). The most probable source of this shear stress is the flow of viscous magma up the conduit and into the lava dome. We propose a model in which the accelerating deformation, beginning as much as 4 weeks before extrusions, is caused by the increasing velocity of ascending magma in the conduit. This model is examined by using deformation data of the dome before four extrusions in 1981 and 1982 to estimate the volumetric flow rate through the conduit. This flow rate and an estimate of the effective viscosity of the magma enable calculation of an ascent velocity and an applied shear stress that, again, depend on the conduit diameter. The results of these calculations are consistent with the finite element experiments and show that the proposed model is feasible. In light of this model, events observed just before or near the time extrusions began, such as reversals of ground tilt direction from outward to inward and the sudden decrease in the number of shallow earthquakes, may indicate an abrupt decrease of shear stress in the conduit. This could be explained by a decrease in either the ascent velocity, or the effective viscosity of the magma ascending through the shallow conduit, or both, near the time of extrusion. Precursory deformation like that measured at Mount St. Helens should be observable at similar volcanoes elsewhere because it is caused by the fundamental process of magma ascent.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04351","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, W., Archuleta, R., and Swanson, D.A., 1988, The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4351-4366, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04351.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4351","endPage":"4366","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badc4e4b08c986b323dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, W.W. Jr.","contributorId":35876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"W.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014383,"text":"70014383 - 1988 - Estimation of urban stormwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014383","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of urban stormwater quality","docAbstract":"Two data-based methods for estimating urban stormwater quality have recently been made available - a planning level method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and a nationwide regression method developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Each method uses urban stormwater water-quality constituent data collected for the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) during 1979-83. The constituents analyzed include 10 chemical constituents - chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved solids (DS), total nitrogen (TN), total ammonia plus nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorous (DP), total copper (CU), total lead (PB), and total zinc (ZN). The purpose of this report is to briefly compare features of the two estimation methods.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., and Tasker, G.D., 1988, Estimation of urban stormwater quality, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 78-83.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bbde4b0c8380cd52861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014387,"text":"70014387 - 1988 - Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:37:41","indexId":"70014387","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model","docAbstract":"<p>This paper describes the formulation of a spectral (or frequency based) model which solves the linearized shallow water equations. To account for highly variable basin bathymetry, spectral solutions are obtained using the finite element method which allows the strategic placement of the computation points in the specific areas of interest or in areas where the gradients of the dependent variables are expected to be large. Model results are compared with data using simple statistics to judge overall model performance in the San Francisco Bay estuary. Once the model is calibrated and verified, prediction of the tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay is accomplished by applying astronomical tides (harmonic constants deduced from field data) at the prediction time along the model boundaries.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Burau, J.R., and Cheng, R.T., 1988, Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 634-639.","startPage":"634","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81dbe4b0c8380cd7b792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002688,"text":"1002688 - 1988 - Aircraft MSS data registration and vegetation classification of wetland change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T10:25:44","indexId":"1002688","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aircraft MSS data registration and vegetation classification of wetland change detection","docAbstract":"Portions of the Savannah River floodplain swamp were evaluated for vegetation change using high resolution (5a??6 m) aircraft multispectral scanner (MSS) data. Image distortion from aircraft movement prevented precise image-to-image registration in some areas. However, when small scenes were used (200-250 ha), a first-order linear transformation provided registration accuracies of less than or equal to one pixel. A larger area was registered using a piecewise linear method. Five major wetland classes were identified and evaluated for change. Phenological differences and the variable distribution of vegetation limited wetland type discrimination. Using unsupervised methods and ground-collected vegetation data, overall classification accuracies ranged from 84 per cent to 87 per cent for each scene. Results suggest that high-resolution aircraft MSS data can be precisely registered, if small areas are used, and that wetland vegetation change can be accurately detected and monitored.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431168808954834","usgsCitation":"Christensen, E., Jensen, J., Ramsey, E., and Mackey, H., 1988, Aircraft MSS data registration and vegetation classification of wetland change detection: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 9, no. 1, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168808954834.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, E.J.","contributorId":52545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, J.R.","contributorId":32127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mackey, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":38525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackey","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013839,"text":"70013839 - 1988 - Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T15:41:38.682356","indexId":"70013839","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa","docAbstract":"<p><span>New reflectance spectra have been obtained for both the leading and trailing sides of Europa, using the Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer (CGAS) of the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). The spectra are of higher precision than any yet obtained. Spectra of Europa's trailing side (central meridian longitude ≈300°) obtained in 1985 show two weak absorptions near 2.2 and 2.3 μm. Both of these features as well as others are seen in spectra obtained by R. N. Clark, R. B. Singer, P. D. Owensby, and F.P. Fanale (1980a,&nbsp;</span><i>Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc.</i><span>&nbsp;12, 713–714) at similar central meridian longitude. Data obtained with an improved detector array in 1986, however, do not show the absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 spectra. It is not clear why the newest data do not show the apparent absorptions seen in previous years, but the suggestion is that either the 1980 and 1985 data are spurious or that the material responsible for the weak absorptions is no longer detectable. Analysis of the 1980 and 1985 data did not reveal any obvious source of systematic error capable of introducing spurious features, but we are skeptical of any explanation that cites transient deposition, movement, and/or destruction of material on Europa's trailing side to account for the nondetection of the features in the 1986 data. If the weak absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 data are real, they can be interpreted as indicating the transient spectroscopic presence of a molecular component on Europa's trailing side different from the water ice that is known to be the dominant surface constituent. Further monitoring is required to determine if the apparent absorptions are real.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Cruikshank, D.P., Tokunaga, A.T., Smith, R.G., and Clark, R.N., 1988, Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa: Icarus, v. 74, no. 2, p. 262-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8850e4b08c986b3168e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tokunaga, A. T.","contributorId":74136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tokunaga","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. G.","contributorId":50288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31097,"text":"ofr88298 - 1988 - Maps showing the Seabeam bathymetry and sedimentologic and biologic sample locations on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains and a summary of existing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T13:41:49.443779","indexId":"ofr88298","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-298","title":"Maps showing the Seabeam bathymetry and sedimentologic and biologic sample locations on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains and a summary of existing data","docAbstract":"<p>Horizon Guyot (Fig. 1) is a 300-km-long, 75-km-wide volcanic ridge with a relatively flat summit that is diagnostic of guyots (Hess, 1946). The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study of Horizon Guyot in 1983 as part of a program on the origin, distribution, and composition of ferromanganese-oxide precipitates that encrust the hard substrate of sea floor edifices, such as seamounts and volcanic ridges (Hein and others, 1985a). Mass movement and bedload transport of sediment appears to influence the thickness of these crusts on seamount flanks (Hein and others, 1985b). Because Horizon Guyot has been studied more extensively than any other volcanic edifice in the Mid-Pacific Mountains (Heezen, Fischer, and others, 1971; Lonsdale and others, 1972; Winterer, Ewing, and others, 1973), it was chosen as the principal site for a USGS study of sediment transport processes and the geotechnical behavior of sediment on seamounts (Cacchione and others, 1988; Schwab and others, 1988).</p><p>In March, 1987, Horizon Guyot was again investigated using the R/V ATLANTIS II and the D.S.R.V. ALVIN (cruise 118-12); sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Although primarily a biologic investigation, observations from 10 submersible dives, bottom samples collected at depth using ALVIN and from the surface using the ATLANTIS II, and Seabeam swath-bathymetry (sponsored by the USGS and the Office of Naval Research) add to the overall Horizon Guyot data set. In this report, we summarize the existing data base, present a Seabeam bathymetric map of the study area, ALVIN dive tracklines, the sample locations, and a brief description of the samples collected or other station activities on the ATLANTIS II cruise 118-12.</p><p>The detailed bathymetric map of the study area (Plate 1) was constructed by merging data obtained by a Deep-Tow study (Lonsdale and others, 1972) (Fig. 1) with data obtained from the swath-bathymetry mapping system onboard the ATLANTIS II. Detailed information on the Seabeam bathymetric system is given by Renard and Allenou (1979).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88298","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Hein, J., Smith, K., de Moustier, C.P., Levin, L., Genin, A., Wakefield, W., and Baldwin, R., 1988, Maps showing the Seabeam bathymetry and sedimentologic and biologic sample locations on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains and a summary of existing data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-298, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 46.54 x 60.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88298.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 46.54 x 60.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59673,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0298/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0298/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59674,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0298/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db606127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, K.L. Jr.","contributorId":86391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Moustier, C. P.","contributorId":42631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Moustier","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Levin, L.A.","contributorId":81149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Genin, Amatzia","contributorId":49833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genin","given":"Amatzia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wakefield, W.W.","contributorId":23595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wakefield","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baldwin, R.J.","contributorId":70813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70179996,"text":"70179996 - 1988 - Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T14:09:29.594475","indexId":"70179996","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"28","title":"Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1988","docAbstract":"<p>This is the twenty-fifth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawals from wells, water-level changes, and related changes in precipitation and streamflow. Supplementary data such as graphs showing chemical quality of water and maps showing water-level contours are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected major areas of ground-water development in the State for the calendar year 1987. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described from the spring of 1987 to the spring of 1988. Much of the data used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Cordy, G.E., Smith, G.J., Roark, D.M., Lambert, P.M., Yarbrough, J.A., Burden, C.B., Garrett, R., Emett, D.C., Thiros, S.A., Sandberg, G.W., and Puchta, R.W., 1988, Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1988: Cooperative Investigations Report 28, vii, 81 p.","productDescription":"vii, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":127806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D.","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yarbrough, John A.","contributorId":178539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yarbrough","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garrett, R. B.","contributorId":35810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Emett, D. C.","contributorId":21213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Puchta, R. W","contributorId":177482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puchta","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70013842,"text":"70013842 - 1988 - The information content of high-frequency seismograms and the near-surface geologic structure of \"hard rock\" recording sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70013842","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The information content of high-frequency seismograms and the near-surface geologic structure of \"hard rock\" recording sites","docAbstract":"Due to hardware developments in the last decade, the high-frequency end of the frequency band of seismic waves analyzed for source mechanisms has been extended into the audio-frequency range (>20 Hz). In principle, the short wavelengths corresponding to these frequencies can provide information about the details of seismic sources, but in fact, much of the \"signal\" is the site response of the nearsurface. Several examples of waveform data recorded at \"hard rock\" sites, which are generally assumed to have a \"flat\" transfer function, are presented to demonstrate the severe signal distortions, including fmax, produced by near-surface structures. Analysis of the geology of a number of sites indicates that the overall attenuation of high-frequency (>1 Hz) seismic waves is controlled by the whole-path-Q between source and receiver but the presence of distinct fmax site resonance peaks is controlled by the nature of the surface layer and the underlying near-surface structure. Models of vertical decoupling of the surface and nearsurface and horizontal decoupling of adjacent sites on hard rock outcrops are proposed and their behaviour is compared to the observations of hard rock site response. The upper bound to the frequency band of the seismic waves that contain significant source information which can be deconvolved from a site response or an array response is discussed in terms of fmax and the correlation of waveform distortion with the outcrop-scale geologic structure of hard rock sites. It is concluded that although the velocity structures of hard rock sites, unlike those of alluvium sites, allow some audio-frequency seismic energy to propagate to the surface, the resulting signals are a highly distorted, limited subset of the source spectra. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01772604","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Cranswick, E., 1988, The information content of high-frequency seismograms and the near-surface geologic structure of \"hard rock\" recording sites: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 128, no. 1-2, p. 333-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01772604.","startPage":"333","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01772604"},{"id":219836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad43e4b08c986b323ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014113,"text":"70014113 - 1988 - Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:28:31.93414","indexId":"70014113","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geothermal gradients from published temperature/depth measurements in drill holes generally deeper than 600 m are used to construct a temperature gradient map of the conterminous United States. The broadly contoured map displays 284 temperature gradients that are applicable to a depth of 2 km. In terms of the number of contoured areas and the fraction of data points having a value not within a contour interval (outliers), the temperature gradient data and associated deep heat flow data have similar measures of contourability. Areally, most of the United States is contoured from 15° to 35°C/km. The eastern United States is generally cooler (average 25°C/km) than the western United States (average 34°C/km), in accordance with broad heat flow trends. Differences between the temperature gradient and heat flow maps are caused by areal differences in rock thermal conductivities. The effect of conductivity on gradients is particularly apparent in the eastern United States where heat flow is relatively constant over large areas. Gradients are elevated where thick, low-conductivity, sedimentary deposits occur such as in the Atlantic Coastal Plain province and in basins in the Allegheny Plateau and the Great Plains provinces. No clear gradient pattern emerges where both heat flow and conductivity vary widely, such as in the northern Basin and Range and Rocky Mountain provinces. Using the temperature gradients determined in this study and associated heat flow values, derived thermal conductivities are calculated for the depth range of a few hundred meters to 2 km; the average conductivity is 2.5±0.8 W/m °C. Some areas show little variation in derived thermal conductivity, while others show a wide range. The Atlantic Coastal Plain, Appalachian Plateaus, Superior Upland, Gulf Coastal Plain, Columbia Plateaus and Cascade Mountains, and Sierra Nevada provinces have restricted ranges of conductivities, which supports the concept of regional conductivities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB06p06437","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., and Guffanti, M., 1988, Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B6, p. 6437-6450, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB06p06437.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6437","endPage":"6450","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28d0e4b0c8380cd5a42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, M.","contributorId":75693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142175,"text":"70142175 - 1988 - Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:31:27","indexId":"70142175","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Software tools have been developed at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center to extract topographic structure and to delineate watersheds and overland flow paths from digital elevation models. The tools are specialpurpose FORTRAN programs interfaced with general-purpose raster and vector spatial analysis and relational data base management packages.</p>\n<p>The first phase of analysis is a conditioning phase that generates three data sets: the original OEM with depressions filled, a data set indicating the flow direction for each cell, and a flow accumulation data set in which each cell receives a value equal to the total number of cells that drain to it. The original OEM and these three derivative data sets can then be processed in a variety of ways to optionally delineate drainage networks, overland paths, watersheds for userspecified locations, sub-watersheds for the major tributaries of a drainage network, or pour point linkages between watersheds. The computer-generated drainage lines and watershed polygons and the pour point linkage information can be transferred to vector-based geographic information systems for futher analysis. Comparisons between these computergenerated features and their manually delineated counterparts generally show close agreement, indicating that these software tools will save analyst time spent in manual interpretation and digitizing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., and Domingue, J.O., 1988, Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 11, p. 1593-1600.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1600","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597cae4b02419550d2f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingue, Julia O.","contributorId":91832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014433,"text":"70014433 - 1988 - Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:06:32.142714","indexId":"70014433","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nearly horizontal, quasi-periodic erosional features of 7-m average transverse wavelength and of order 100-m length occur in scattered locations from 3.5 to 9 km from the crater at Mount St. Helens under deposits of the lateral blast of May 18, 1980. We attribute the erosional features to scouring by longitudinal vortices resulting from flow instabilities induced by complex topography, namely, by streamline curvature in regions of reattachment downstream of sheltered regions, and by the cross-flow component of flow subparallel to ridge crests. The diameter of the vortices and their transverse spacing, inferred from the distance between furrows, are taken to be of the order of the boundary layer thickness. The inferred boundary layer thickness (≈14 m at 9 km from the source of the blast) is consistent with the running length from the mountain to the furrow locations. By using knowledge of ablation patterns on bodies and lofting of dust in high-speed flow, we are able to infer some features of the flow field within the blast. Within the furrows the erosion rate was of the order of 9 kg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, about 4 times greater than that expected from laboratory data obtained in flow free of longitudinal vortices. The orientation of furrows induced by the cross-flow instability can be used to measure the upwash angle and estimate the flow Mach number: at the central ridge of Spirit Lake the Mach number is inferred to have been about 2.5, and the flow velocity approximately 235 m/s. The similarities and differences between the furrows reported here and channels observed at other volcanoes are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB12p14793","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., and Sturtevant, B., 1988, Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B12, p. 14793-14816, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB12p14793.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"14793","endPage":"14816","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib12p14793","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a42e4b0c8380cd5228f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturtevant, B.","contributorId":48318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013748,"text":"70013748 - 1988 - Paleoecology of Middle Pennsylvanian-age peat-swamp plants in Herrin coal, Kentucky, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T01:08:01.338354","indexId":"70013748","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecology of Middle Pennsylvanian-age peat-swamp plants in Herrin coal, Kentucky, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>To develop a method for quantifying the vegetation of Pennsylvania-age coal beds, of four coal-ball (permineralized peat) profiles and four coal column samples from the Herrin coal bed (Kentucky No. 11) Carbondale Formation in western Kentucky were compared. An estimated 89.5% of the coal can be identified botanically. Compaction ratios for individual tissues were estimated using point counts of organic matter in coal balls. The estimated abundances of major plant groups (lycopods, ferns, sphenopsids, and pteridosperms) in coal balls differ by less than 10% compared to coal after accounting for differential compaction of plant tissues. Standard deviations in taxonomic and maceral composition among coal columns are generally less than 2%.</p><p>Consistent differences in botanical composition were found between benches showing that the method is consistent when applied to sufficient thicknesses of coal. It was not possible to make fine-scale correlations within the coal bed using the vegetational data; either the flora varied considerably from place to place or the method of quantification is unreliable for small increments of coal (5 cm or less).</p><p>In the coal, pteridosperm abundance is positively correlated with underlying shale partings. This correlation suggests that pteridosperms are favored either by higher nutrient levels or disturbance.</p><p>In the third of four benches in the Herrin coal bed, a succession from<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sigillaria</i>-containing zones to zones dominated by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lepidophloios hallii</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is interpreted as a shift towards wetter conditions. In the other benches, the main factors controlling the taxonomic composition appear to have been the relative abundance of nutrients and/or the frequency of disturbance as indicated by the relative abundance of partings.</p><p>Criteria for distinguishing between domed and planar swamps are discussed. These include: distribution of partings, type of plant succession, and changes in plant diversity, average plant size, preservational quality and sporinite content. The infrequency of partings in bench C suggests a peat dome developed while the peat of that bench was accumulating but other evidence either fails to support the development of a peat dome or is ambiguous. The maceral composition resembles those of other Carboniferous coals which are thought to have formed from planar peat swamps.</p><p>Formation of fusain bands appears to be associated with processes occurring above the peat surface, such as burning or prolonged oxidative exposure. Oxidation of accumulated peat is unlikely because fusain bands rarely include more than a single plant.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(88)90020-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Winston, R., 1988, Paleoecology of Middle Pennsylvanian-age peat-swamp plants in Herrin coal, Kentucky, U.S.A.: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 203-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(88)90020-1.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73d9e4b0c8380cd772a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, R.B.","contributorId":32950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013745,"text":"70013745 - 1988 - Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:28","indexId":"70013745","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange","docAbstract":"The oxygen isotope ratios of various minerals were measured in a granulite-grade iron formation in the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Estimates of temperature and pressure for the terrane using well calibrated geothermometers and geobarometers are 730??50?? C and 5.5??0.5 kbar. The mineral constraints on fluid compositions in the iron formation during retrogression require either very CO2-rich fluids or no fluid at all. In the iron formation, isotopic temperature estimates from quartz-magnetite fractionations are controlled by the proximity to the enclosing granitic gneiss, and range from 500?? C (??qz - mt=10.0???) within 2-3 meters of the orthogneiss contact to 600?? C (??qz - mt=8.0???) farther from the contact. Temperature estimates from other isotopic thermometers are in good agreement with those derived from the quartz-magnetite fractionations. During prograde metamorphism, the isotopic composition of the iron formation was lowered by the infiltration of an external fluid. Equilibrium was achieved over tens of meters. Closed-system retrograde exchange is consistent with the nearly constant whole-rock ??18Owr value of 8.0??0.6???. The greater ??qz-mt values in the iron formation near the orthogneiss contact are most likely due to a lower oxygen blocking temperature related to greater exchange-ability of deformed minerals at the contact. Cooling rates required to preserve the quartz-magnetite fractionations in the central portion of the iron formation are unreasonably high (???800?? C/Ma). In order to preserve the 600?? C isotopic temperature, the diffusion coefficient D (for ??-quartz) should be two orders of magnitude lower than the experimentally determined value of 2.5??10-16 cm2/s at 833 K. There are no values for the activation energy (Q) and pre-exponential diffusion coefficient (D0), consistent with the experimentally determined values, that will result in reasonable cooling rates for the Wind River iron formation. The discrepancy between the diffusion coefficient inferred from the Wind River terrane and that measured experimentally is almost certainly due to the enhancement of exchange by the presence of water in the laboratory experiments. Cooling rate estimates were also determined for iron formation retrograded under water-rich conditions. Application of the experimentally determined data to these rocks results in a reasonable cooling rate estimate, supporting the conclusion that the presence of water greatly enhances oxygen diffusion. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00372366","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Sharp, Z., O’Neil, J.R., and Essene, E., 1988, Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 4, p. 490-501, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372366.","startPage":"490","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480008,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47346>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372366"},{"id":220500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72ade4b0c8380cd76c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Z.D.","contributorId":58391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Z.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014711,"text":"70014711 - 1988 - Conductive heat flux in VC-1 and the thermal regime of Valles caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T14:35:56.974184","indexId":"70014711","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conductive heat flux in VC-1 and the thermal regime of Valles caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over 5% of heat in the western United States is lost through Quaternary silicic volcanic centers, including the Valles caldera in north central New Mexico. These centers are the sites of major hydrothermal activity and upper crustal metamorphism, metasomatism, and mineralization, producing associated geothermal resources. We present new heat flow data from Valles caldera core hole 1 (VC-1), drilled in the southwestern margin of the Valles caldera. Thermal conductivities were measured on 55 segments of core from VC-1, waxed and wrapped to preserve fluids. These values were combined with temperature gradient data to calculate heat flow. Above 335 m, which is probably unsaturated, heat flow is 247±16 mW m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. The only deep temperature information available is from an uncalibrated commercial log made 19 months after drilling. Gradients, derived from uncalibrated temperature logs, and conductivities are inversely correlated between 335 and 737 m, indicating a conductive thermal regime, and component heat fluxes over three depth intervals (335–539 m, 549–628 m, and 628–737 m) are in excellent agreement with each other with an average of 504±15 mW m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. Temperature logs to 518 m depth with well-calibrated temperature sensors result in a revised heat flow of 463±15 mW m. We use shallow thermal gradient data from 75 other sites in and around the caldera to interpret the thermal regime at the VC-1 site. A critical review of published thermal conductivity data from the Valles caldera yields an average thermal conductivity of ≥1 W m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;K</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the near-surface tuffaceous material, and we assume that shallow gradient values (°C km</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) are approximately numerically equal to heat flow (mW m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>). Heat loss from the caldera is asymmetrically distributed, with higher values (400 mW m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;or higher) concentrated in the west-southwestern quadrant of the caldera. This quadrant also contains the main drainage from the caldera and the youngest volcanism associated with the caldera. We interpret the shallow thermal gradient data and the thermal regime at VC-1 to indicate a long-lived hydrothermal (and magmatic) system in the southwestern Valles caldera that has been maintained through the generation of shallow magma bodies during the long postcollapse history of the caldera. High heat flow at the VC-1 site is interpreted to result from hot water circulating below the base of the core hole, and we attribute the lower heat flow in the unsaturated zone to hydrologic recharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB06p06027","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., and Morgan, P., 1988, Conductive heat flux in VC-1 and the thermal regime of Valles caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B6, p. 6027-6039, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB06p06027.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6027","endPage":"6039","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9b9e4b0c8380cd4d753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":369067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, P.","contributorId":34096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013690,"text":"70013690 - 1988 - Knowledge-based GIS techniques applied to geological engineering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013690","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Knowledge-based GIS techniques applied to geological engineering","docAbstract":"A knowledge-based geographic information system (KBGIS) approach which requires development of a rule base for both GIS processing and for the geological engineering application has been implemented. The rule bases are implemented in the Goldworks expert system development shell interfaced to the Earth Resources Data Analysis System (ERDAS) raster-based GIS for input and output. GIS analysis procedures including recoding, intersection, and union are controlled by the rule base, and the geological engineering map product is generted by the expert system. The KBGIS has been used to generate a geological engineering map of Creve Coeur, Missouri.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., Altheide, P., Deister, R.R., and Barr, D.J., 1988, Knowledge-based GIS techniques applied to geological engineering: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 11, p. 1623-1628.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1628","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40bde4b0c8380cd64fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Altheide, Phyllis","contributorId":8991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altheide","given":"Phyllis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deister, Robin R. P.","contributorId":38711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deister","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barr, David J.","contributorId":43493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013668,"text":"70013668 - 1988 - Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:23:57","indexId":"70013668","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama has long been recognized as a classic example of rapid eruption of a substantial fraction of a zoned magma body. Increased knowledge of eruptive history and new chemical analyses of ∼350 wholerock and glass samples of the climactic ejecta, preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their inclusions, postcaldera lavas, and lavas of nearby monogenetic vents are used here to infer processes of chemical evolution of this late Pleistocene — Holocene magmatic system. The 6845±50 BP climactic eruption vented ∼50 km<sup>3</sup>of magma to form: (1) rhyodacite fall deposit; (2) welded rhyodacite ignimbrite; and (3) lithic breccia and zoned ignimbrite, these during collapse of Crater Lake caldera. Climactic ejecta were dominantly homogeneous rhyodacite (70.4±0.3% SiO<sub>2</sub>), followed by subordinate andesite and cumulate scoriae (48–61% SiO<sub>2</sub>). The gap in wholerock composition reflects mainly a step in crystal content because glass compositions are virtually continuous. Two types of scoriae are distinguished by different LREE, Rb, Th, and Zr, but principally by a twofold contrast in Sr content: High-Sr (HSr) and low-Sr (LSr) scoriae. HSr scoriae were erupted first. Trace element abundances indicate that HSr and LSr scoriae had different calcalkaline andesite parents; basalt was parental to some mafic cumulate scoriae. Parental magma compositions reconstructed from scoria wholerock and glass data are similar to those of inclusions in preclimactic rhyodacites and of aphyric lavas of nearby monogenetic vents.</p><p class=\"Para\">Preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their magmatic inclusions give insight into evolution of the climactic chamber. Evolved rhyodacite flows containing LSr andesite inclusions were emplaced between ∼30000 and ∼25000 BP. At 7015±45 BP, the Llao Rock vent produced a zoned rhyodacite pumice fall, then rhyodacite lava with HSr andesite inclusions. The Cleetwood rhyodacite flow, emplaced immediately before the climactic eruption and compositionally identical to climactic rhyodacite (volatile-free), contains different HSr inclusions from Llao Rock. The change from LSr to HSr inclusions indicates replenishment of the chamber with andesite magma, perhaps several times, in the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene.</p><p class=\"Para\">Modeling calculations and wholerock-glass relations suggest than: (1) magmas were derived mainly by crystallization differentiation of andesite liquid; (2) evolved preclimactic rhyodacite probably was derived from LSr andesite; (3) rhyodacites contain a minor component of partial melt from wall rocks, and (4) climactic and compositionally similar rhyodacites probably formed by mixing of evolved rhyodacite with HSr derivative liquid(s) after replenishment of the chamber with HSr andesite magma. Density considerations permit a model for growth and evolution of the chamber in which andesite recharge magma ponded repeatedly between cumulates and rhyodacite magma. Convective cooling of this andesite resulted in rapid crystallization and upward escape of buoyant derivative liquid which mixed with overlying, convecting rhyodacite. The evolved rhyodacites were erupted early in the chamber's history and(or) near its margins. Postcaldera andesite lavas may be hybrids composed of LSr cumulates mixed with remnant climactic rhyodacite. Younger postcaldera rhyodacite probably formed by fractionation of similar andesite and assimilation of partial melts of wallrocks.</p><p class=\"Para\">Uniformity of climactic rhyodacite suggests homogeneous silicic ejecta from other volcanoes resulted from similar replenishment-driven convective mixing. Calcalkaline pluton compositions and their internal zonation can be interpreted in terms of the Mazama system frozen at various times in its history.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00402114","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Druitt, T.H., 1988, Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 224-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Mazama, Crater Lake","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f937e4b0c8380cd4d4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}