{"pageNumber":"15","pageRowStart":"350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":409,"records":[{"id":70014127,"text":"70014127 - 1987 - Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014127","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes","docAbstract":"In this study, developments in the theory of stochastic simulation are discussed. The unifying element is the notion of Radon projection in Euclidean spaces. This notion provides a natural way of reconstructing the real process from a corresponding process observable on a reduced dimensionality space, where analysis is theoretically easier and computationally tractable. Within this framework, the concept of space transformation is defined and several of its properties, which are of significant importance within the context of spatially correlated processes, are explored. The turning bands operator is shown to follow from this. This strengthens considerably the theoretical background of the geostatistical method of simulation, and some new results are obtained in both the space and frequency domains. The inverse problem is solved generally and the applicability of the method is extended to anisotropic as well as integrated processes. Some ill-posed problems of the inverse operator are discussed. Effects of the measurement error and impulses at origin are examined. Important features of the simulated process as described by geomechanical laws, the morphology of the deposit, etc., may be incorporated in the analysis. The simulation may become a model-dependent procedure and this, in turn, may provide numerical solutions to spatial-temporal geologic models. Because the spatial simu??lation may be technically reduced to unidimensional simulations, various techniques of generating one-dimensional realizations are reviewed. To link theory and practice, an example is computed in detail. ?? 1987 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00893018","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., 1987, Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes: Mathematical Geology, v. 19, no. 8, p. 807-831, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00893018.","startPage":"807","endPage":"831","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00893018"},{"id":225554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9850e4b08c986b31bf84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16206,"text":"ofr86222 - 1986 - Indoor radon and its sources in the ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr86222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-222","title":"Indoor radon and its sources in the ground","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86222","usgsCitation":"Tanner, A., 1986, Indoor radon and its sources in the ground: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-222, 5 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86222.","productDescription":"5 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27613,"text":"wri854228 - 1986 - Concepts and data-collection techniques used in a study of the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:58:16","indexId":"wri854228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4228","title":"Concepts and data-collection techniques used in a study of the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","docAbstract":"A study of water and radionuclide movement through the unsaturated zone is being conducted at the low level radioactive waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois. Included in the study are detailed investigations of evapotranspiration, movement of water through waste trench covers, and movement of water and radionuclides (dissolved and gaseous) from the trenches. An energy balance/Bowen ratio approach is used to determine evapotranspiration. Precipitation, net radiation, soil-heat flux, air temperature and water vapor content gradients, wind speed, and wind direction are measured. Soil water tension is measured with tensiometers which are connected to pressure transducers. Meteorological sensors and tensiometers which are connected to pressure transducers. Meteorological sensors and tensiometers are monitored with automatic data loggers. Soil moisture contents are measured through small-diameter access tubes with neutron and gamma-ray attenuation gages. Data beneath the trenches are obtained through a 130-meter-long tunnel which extends under four of the trenches. Water samples are obtained with suction lysimeters, and samples of the geologic material are obtained with core tubes. These samples are analyzed for radiometric and inorganic chemistry. Gas samples are obtained from gas piezometers and analyzed for partial pressures of major constituents, Radon-222, tritiated water vapor, and carbon-14 dioxide. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854228","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., DeVries, M., and Striegl, R.G., 1986, Concepts and data-collection techniques used in a study of the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4228, vi, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854228.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4228/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56475,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a820c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeVries, M.P.","contributorId":39760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVries","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014492,"text":"70014492 - 1986 - Radon in unconventional natural gas from Gulf Coast geopressured-geothermal reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T13:33:19.998134","indexId":"70014492","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radon in unconventional natural gas from Gulf Coast geopressured-geothermal reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00151a014","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, T.F., 1986, Radon in unconventional natural gas from Gulf Coast geopressured-geothermal reservoirs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 9, p. 939-942, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00151a014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"942","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.43934293870635,\n              26.224921208966407\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.22840284864202,\n              25.98597854439454\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.96672244341106,\n              26.005578981007744\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.67233198752689,\n              25.976177100165017\n            ],\n            [\n              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F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15276,"text":"ofr85389 - 1985 - Uranium in Holocene valley-fill sediments, and uranium, radon, and helium in waters, Lake Tahoe-Carson Range area, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T22:25:17.228998","indexId":"ofr85389","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-389","title":"Uranium in Holocene valley-fill sediments, and uranium, radon, and helium in waters, Lake Tahoe-Carson Range area, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85389","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Zielinski, R.A., and Been, J.M., 1985, Uranium in Holocene valley-fill sediments, and uranium, radon, and helium in waters, Lake Tahoe-Carson Range area, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-389, i, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85389.","productDescription":"i, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410026,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75798.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44206,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0389/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0389/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe-Carson Range area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              38.8667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.6547,\n              38.8667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.6547,\n              39.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":170868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":170869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Been, Josh M.","contributorId":63823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013331,"text":"70013331 - 1985 - Impulsive radon emanation on a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:17","indexId":"70013331","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impulsive radon emanation on a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault, California","docAbstract":"Radon emanation was continuously monitored for several months at two locations along a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault in central California. The recorded emanations showed several impulsive increases that lasted as much as five hours with amplitudes considerably larger than meteorologically induced diurnal variations. Some of the radon increases were accompanied or followed by earthquakes or fault-creep events. They were possibly the result of some sudden outbursts of relatively radon-rich ground gas, sometimes triggered by crustal deformation or vibration. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874603","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"King, C., 1985, Impulsive radon emanation on a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault, California: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 2-4, p. 340-352, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874603.","startPage":"340","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874603"},{"id":219794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3983e4b0c8380cd61953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, C.-Y.","contributorId":81225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"C.-Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013003,"text":"70013003 - 1985 - An estimate of hydrothermal fluid residence times and vent chimney growth rates based on  210Pb Pb ratios and mineralogic studies of sulfides dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:44:29.513906","indexId":"70013003","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An estimate of hydrothermal fluid residence times and vent chimney growth rates based on  210Pb Pb ratios and mineralogic studies of sulfides dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>The<i><sup>210</sup>PbPb</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios across two sulfide samples dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge are used to estimate the growth rate of the sulfide material and the residence time of the hydrothermal fluid within the oceanic crust from the onset of basalt alteration.<sup>210</sup>Pb is added to the hydrothermal fluid by two processes: (1) high-temperature alteration of basalt and (2) if the residence time of the fluid is on the order of the 22.3-year half-life of<sup>210</sup>Pb, by in-situ growth from<sup>222</sup>Rn (<a class=\"anchor u-display-inline anchor-paragraph\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X85901463#bib17\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib17\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X85901463#bib17\"><span class=\"anchor-text\">Krishnaswami and Turekian, 1982</span></a>). Stable lead is derived only from the alteration of basalt.</p><p>The<i><sup>210</sup>Pb/Pb</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ratio across one sample was ∼ 0.5 dpm/10<sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>g Pb, and across the other it was ∼ 0.4 dpm/10<sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>g Pb. These values are quite close to the<i><sup>238</sup>UP/b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios of basalts from the area, suggesting that the residence time of the hydrothermal fluid from the onset of basalt alteration is appreciably less than the mean life of<sup>210</sup>Pb, i.e., the time required for ingrowth from the radon.</p><p>An apparent growth rate of 1.2 cm/yr is derived from the slope of the<i><sup>210</sup>Pb/Pb</i><span>&nbsp;</span>curve for one of the samples. This is consistent with its mineralogy and texture which suggest an accretionary pattern of development. There is no obvious sequential growth pattern, and virtually no gradient in<i><sup>210</sup>Pb/Pb</i><span>&nbsp;</span>across the second sample. This is consistent with alteration of the original<i><sup>210</sup>Pb/Pb</i><span>&nbsp;</span>distribution by extensive remobilization reactions which are inferred from the mineralogic and textural relationships of the sample.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(85)90146-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kadko, D., Koski, R., Tatsumoto, M., and Bouse, R., 1985, An estimate of hydrothermal fluid residence times and vent chimney growth rates based on  210Pb Pb ratios and mineralogic studies of sulfides dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 35-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(85)90146-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea42e4b0c8380cd4873c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kadko, D.","contributorId":87686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadko","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koski, R.","contributorId":67217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bouse, R.","contributorId":89956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012769,"text":"70012769 - 1985 - Benthic fluxes in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:55:28","indexId":"70012769","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic fluxes in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Measurements of benthic fluxes have been made on four occasions between February 1980 and February 1981 at a channel station and a shoal station in South San Francisco Bay, using in situ flux chambers. On each occasion replicate measurements of easily measured substances such as radon, oxygen, ammonia, and silica showed a variability (??1??) of 30% or more over distances of a few meters to tens of meters, presumably due to spatial heterogeneity in the benthic community. Fluxes of radon were greater at the shoal station than at the channel station because of greater macrofaunal irrigation at the former, but showed little seasonal variability at either station. At both stations fluxes of oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and silica were largest following the spring bloom. Fluxes measured during different seasons ranged over factors of 2-3, 3, 4-5, and 3-10 (respectively), due to variations in phytoplankton productivity and temperature. Fluxes of oxygen and carbon dioxide were greater at the shoal station than at the channel station because the net phytoplankton productivity is greater there and the organic matter produced must be rapidly incorporated in the sediment column. Fluxes of silica were greater at the shoal station, probably because of the greater irrigation rates there. N + N (nitrate + nitrite) fluxes were variable in magnitude and in sign. Phosphate fluxes were too small to measure accurately. Alkalinity fluxes were similar at the two stations and are attributed primarily to carbonate dissolution at the shoal station and to sulfate reduction at the channel station. The estimated average fluxes into South Bay, based on results from these two stations over the course of a year, are (in mmol m-2 d-1): O2 = -27 ?? 6; TCO2 = 23 ?? 6; Alkalinity = 9 ?? 2; N + N = -0.3 ?? 0.5; NH3 = 1.4 ?? 0.2; PO4 = 0.1 ?? 0.4; Si = 5.6 ?? 1.1. These fluxes are comparable in magnitude to those in other temperate estuaries with similar productivity, although the seasonal variability is smaller, probably because the annual temperature range in San Francisco Bay is smaller. Budgets constructed for South San Francisco Bay show that large fractions of the net annual productivity of carbon (about 90%) and silica (about 65%) are recycled by the benthos. Substantial rates of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification must occur in shoal areas, apparently resulting in conversion to N2 of 55% of the particulate nitrogen reaching the sediments. In shoal areas, benthic fluxes can replace the water column standing stocks of ammonia in 2-6 days and silica in 17-34 days, indicating the importance of benthic fluxes in the maintenance of productivity. Pore water profiles of nutrients and Rn-222 show that macrofaunal irrigation is extremely important in transport of silica, ammonia, and alkalinity. Calculations of benthic fluxes from these profiles are less accurate, but yield results consistent with chamber measurements and indicate that most of the NH3, SiO2, and alkalinity fluxes are sustained by reactions occurring throughout the upper 20-40 cm of the sediment column. In contrast, O2, CO2, and N + N fluxes must be dominated by reactions occurring within the upper one cm of the sediment-water interface. While most data support the statements made above, a few flux measurements are contradictory and demonstrate the complexity of benthic exchange. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/BF00048688","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Hammond, D.E., Fuller, C., Harmon, D., Hartman, B., Korosec, M., Miller, L., Rea, R., Warren, S., Berelson, W., and Hager, S., 1985, Benthic fluxes in San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 69-90, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048688.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048688"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              37.23470197166817\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              38.22307753495298\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5472412109375,\n              38.22307753495298\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5472412109375,\n              37.23470197166817\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              37.23470197166817\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b6e4b0c8380cd4a889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C.","contributorId":106640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmon, D.","contributorId":40732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartman, Blayne","contributorId":77664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Blayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Korosec, M.","contributorId":81251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korosec","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rea, R.","contributorId":65602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warren, S.","contributorId":20075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berelson, W.","contributorId":48312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berelson","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70164484,"text":"70164484 - 1984 - Gas exchange rates across the sediment-water and air-water interfaces in south San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:57:18","indexId":"70164484","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas exchange rates across the sediment-water and air-water interfaces in south San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radon 222 concentrations in the water and sedimentary columns and radon exchange rates across the sediment-water and air-water interfaces have been measured in a section of south San Francisco Bay. Two independent methods have been used to determine sediment-water exchange rates, and the annual averages of these methods agree within the uncertainty of the determinations, about 20%. The annual average of benthic fluxes from shoal areas is nearly a factor of 2 greater than fluxes from the channel areas. Fluxes from the shoal and channel areas exceed those expected from simple molecular diffusion by factors of 4 and 2, respectively, apparently due to macrofaunal irrigation. Values of the gas transfer coefficient for radon exchange across the air-water interface were determined by constructing a radon mass balance for the water column and by direct measurement using floating chambers. The chamber method appears to yield results which are too high. Transfer coefficients computed using the mass balance method range from 0.4 m/day to 1.8 m/day, with a 6-year average of 1.0 m/day. Gas exchange is linearly dependent upon wind speed over a wind speed range of 3.2&ndash;6.4 m/s, but shows no dependence upon current velocity. Gas transfer coefficients predicted from an empirical relationship between gas exchange rates and wind speed observed in lakes and the oceans are within 30% of the coefficients determined from the radon mass balance and are considerably more accurate than coefficients predicted from theoretical gas exchange models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/JC089iC03p03593","usgsCitation":"Hartman, B., and Hammond, D.E., 1984, Gas exchange rates across the sediment-water and air-water interfaces in south San Francisco Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 89, no. C3, p. 3593-3603, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC089iC03p03593.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3593","endPage":"3603","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              37.400710068740565\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              37.89436302930203\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90704345703124,\n              37.89436302930203\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90704345703124,\n              37.400710068740565\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              37.400710068740565\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"C3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca56e4b08d617f63a812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Blayne","contributorId":77664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Blayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013729,"text":"70013729 - 1984 - Radon in earth-sheltered structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013729","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3667,"text":"Underground Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radon in earth-sheltered structures","docAbstract":"Radon concentration in the indoor air of six residential and three non-residential earth-sheltered buildings in eastern Colorado was monitored quarterly over a nine-month period using passive, integrating detectors. Average radon concentrations during the three-month sampling periods ranged from about 1 to 9 pCi/L, although one building, a poorly ventilated storage bunker, had concentrations as high as 39 pCi/L. These radon concentrations are somewhat greater than those typically reported for conventional buildings (around 1 pCi/L); but they are of the same order of magnitude as radon concentrations reported for energy-efficient buildings which are not earth-sheltered. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Underground Space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03620565","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 1984, Radon in earth-sheltered structures: Underground Space, v. 8, no. 4, p. 264-269.","startPage":"264","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9438e4b0c8380cd8128e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013926,"text":"70013926 - 1984 - Geochemical and radiological characterization of soils from former radium processing sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70013926","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1884,"text":"Health Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and radiological characterization of soils from former radium processing sites","docAbstract":"Soil samples were collected from former radium processing sites in Denver, CO, and East Orange, NJ. Particle-size separations and radiochemical analyses of selected samples showed that while the greatest contents of both 226Ra and U were generally found in the finest (< 45 ??m) fraction, the pattern was not always of progressive increase in radionuclide content with decreasing particle size. Leaching tests on these samples showed a large portion of the 225Ra and U to be soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. Radon-emanation coefficients measured for bulk samples of contaminated soil were about 20%. Recovery of residual uranium and vanadium, as an adjunct to any remedial action program, appears unlikely due to economic considerations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Health Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00179078","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 1984, Geochemical and radiological characterization of soils from former radium processing sites: Health Physics, v. 46, no. 2, p. 385-394.","startPage":"385","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15e3e4b0c8380cd54f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":114,"text":"114 - 1983 - Groundwater radon studies for earthquake precursors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T13:32:17","indexId":"114","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T13:30:27","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Groundwater radon studies for earthquake precursors","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Earth Science, University of Southern California","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","doi":"10.3133/114","usgsCitation":"Teng, T., 1983, Groundwater radon studies for earthquake precursors, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/114.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e59e4b0beb42bdca446","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teng, Ta-liang","contributorId":18356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teng","given":"Ta-liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10274,"text":"ofr82382 - 1982 - Radon survey of ground waters from Beaver and Milford basins, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-18T19:32:12.732949","indexId":"ofr82382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-382","title":"Radon survey of ground waters from Beaver and Milford basins, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82382","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J.B., and Miller, W.R., 1982, Radon survey of ground waters from Beaver and Milford basins, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-382, i, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82382.","productDescription":"i, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412042,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13716.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38131,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0382/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0382/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Beaver and Milford basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.333,\n              38.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.333,\n              38.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.583,\n              38.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.583,\n              38.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.333,\n              38.667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8141,"text":"ofr82743 - 1982 - Radioactive mineral spring precipitates, their analytical and statistical data and the uranium connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:13","indexId":"ofr82743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-743","title":"Radioactive mineral spring precipitates, their analytical and statistical data and the uranium connection","docAbstract":"Major radioactive mineral springs are probably related to deep zones of active metamorphism in areas of orogenic tectonism. The most common precipitate is travertine, a chemically precipitated rock composed chiefly of calcium carbonate, but also containing other minerals. The mineral springs are surface manifestations of hydrothermal conduit systems which extend downward many kilometers to hot source rocks. Conduits are kept open by fluid pressure exerted by carbon dioxide-charged waters rising to the surface propelled by heat and gas (CO2 and steam) pressure. \r\n\r\nOn reaching the surface, the dissolved carbon dioxide is released from solution, and calcium carbonate is precipitated. Springs also contain sulfur species (for example, H2S and HS-), and radon, helium and methane as entrained or dissolved gases. The HS- ion can react to form hydrogen sulfide gas, sulfate salts, and native sulfur. Chemical salts and native sulfur precipitate at the surface. The sulfur may partly oxidize to produce detectable sulfur dioxide gas. \r\n\r\nRadioactivity is due to the presence of radium-226, radon-222, radium-228, and radon-220, and other daughter products of uranium-238 and thorium-232. Uranium and thorium are not present in economically significant amounts in most radioactive spring precipitates. \r\n\r\nMost radium is coprecipitated at the surface with barite. Barite (barium sulfate) forms in the barium-containing spring water as a product of the oxidation of sulfur species to sulfate ions. The relatively insoluble barium sulfate precipitates and removes much of the radium from solution. Radium coprecipitates to a lesser extent with manganese-barium- and iron-oxy hydroxides. \r\n\r\nR-mode factor analysis of abundances of elements suggests that 65 percent of the variance of the different elements is affected by seven factors interpreted as follows: (1) Silica and silicate contamination and precipitation; (2) Carbonate travertine precipitation; (3) Radium coprecipitation; (4) Evaporite precipitation; (5) Hydrous limonite precipitation and coprecipitated elements including uranium; (6) Rare earth elements deposited with detrital contamination (?); (7) Metal carbonate adsorption and precipitation. \r\n\r\nEconomically recoverable minerals occurring at some localities in spring precipitates are ores of iron, manganese, sulfur, tungsten and barium and ornamental travertine.\r\n\r\nContinental radioactive mineral springs occur in areas of crustal thickening caused by overthrusting of crustal plates, and intrusion and metamorphism. Sedimentary rocks on the lower plate are trapped between the plates and form a zone of metamorphism. Connate waters, carbonate rocks and organic-carbon-bearing rocks react to extreme pressure and temperature to produce carbon dioxide, and steam. Fractures are forced open by gas and fluid pressures. Deep-circulating meteoric waters then come in contact with the reactive products, and a hydrothermal cell forms. When hot mineral-charged waters reach the surface they form the familiar hot mineral springs. Hot springs also occur in relation to igneous intrusive action or volcanism both of which may be products of the crustal plate overthrusting. Uranium and thorium in the sedimentary rocks undergoing metamorphism are sometimes mobilized, but mobilization is generally restricted to an acid hydrothermal environment; much is redeposited in favorable environments in the metamorphosed sediments. Radium and radon, which are highly mobile in both acid and alkaline aqueous media move upward into the hydrothermal cell and to the surface.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82743","usgsCitation":"Cadigan, R.A., and Felmlee, J., 1982, Radioactive mineral spring precipitates, their analytical and statistical data and the uranium connection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-743, iv, 127 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82743.","productDescription":"iv, 127 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0743/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35744,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0743/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cadigan, R. A.","contributorId":57844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadigan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felmlee, J.K.","contributorId":106114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felmlee","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8793,"text":"ofr82324 - 1982 - Radioactivity and geochemistry of selected mineral-spring waters in the Western United States; basic data and multivariate statistical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr82324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-324","title":"Radioactivity and geochemistry of selected mineral-spring waters in the Western United States; basic data and multivariate statistical analysis","docAbstract":"Multivariate statistical analyses were performed on data from 156 mineral-spring sites in nine Western States to analyze relationships among the various parameters measured in the spring waters. Correlation analysis and R-mode factor analysis indicate that three major factors affect water composition in the spring systems studied: (1) duration of water circulation, (2) depth of water circulation, and (3) partial pressure of carbon dioxide. An examination of factor scores indicates that several types of hydrogeologic systems were sampled. Most of the samples are (1) older water from deeper circulating systems having relatively high salinity, high temperature, and low Eh or (2) younger water from shallower circulating systems having relatively low salinity, low temperature, and high Eh. The rest of the samples are from more complex systems. Any of the systems can have a relatively high or low content of dissolved carbonate species, resulting in a low or high pH, respectively. Uranium concentrations are commonly higher in waters of relatively low temperature and high Eh, and radium concentrations are commonly higher in waters having a relatively high carbonate content (low pH) and, secondarily, relatively high salinity. \r\n\r\nWater samples were collected and (or) measurements were taken at 156 of the 171 mineral-spring sites visited. Various samples were analyzed for radium, uranium, radon, helium, and radium-228 as well as major ions and numerous trace elements. On-site measurements for physical properties including temperature, specific conductance, pH, Eh, and dissolved oxygen were made. All constituents and properties show a wide range of values. Radium concentrations range from less than 0.01 to 300 picocuries per liter; they average 1.48 picocuries per liter and have an anomaly threshold value of 171 picocuries per liter for the samples studied. Uranium concentrations range from less than 0.01 to 120 micrograms per liter and average 0.26 micrograms per liter; they have an anomaly threshold value of 48.1 micrograms per liter. Radon content ranges from less than 10 to 110,000 picocuries per liter, averages 549 picocuries per liter and has an anomaly threshold of 20,400 picocuries per liter. Helium content ranges from -1,300 to +13,000 parts per billion relative to atmospheric helium; it averages +725 parts per billion and has an anomaly threshold of 10,000 parts per billion. Radium-228 concentrations range from less than 2.0 to 33 picocuries per liter; no anomaly threshold was determined owing to the small number of samples. All of the anomaly thresholds may be somewhat high because the sampling was biased toward springs likely to be radioactive. \r\n\r\nThe statistical variance in radium and uranium concentrations unaccounted for by the identified factors testifies to the complexity of some hydrogeologic systems. Unidentified factors related to geologic setting and the presence of uranium-rich rocks in the systems also affect the observed concentrations of the radioactive elements in the water. The association of anomalous radioactivity in several springs with nearby known uranium occurrences indicates that other springs having anomalous radioactivity may also be associated with uranium occurrences as yet undiscovered.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82324","usgsCitation":"Felmlee, J., and Cadigan, R.A., 1982, Radioactivity and geochemistry of selected mineral-spring waters in the Western United States; basic data and multivariate statistical analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-324, ii, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82324.","productDescription":"ii, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634cbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Felmlee, J.K.","contributorId":106114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felmlee","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadigan, R. A.","contributorId":57844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadigan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10275,"text":"ofr82971 - 1982 - Radon, conductivity, and pH values for 146 water samples from Snowy Range, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr82971","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-971","title":"Radon, conductivity, and pH values for 146 water samples from Snowy Range, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82971","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J.B., Ficklin, W.H., and Miller, W.R., 1982, Radon, conductivity, and pH values for 146 water samples from Snowy Range, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-971, 8 p., ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82971.","productDescription":"8 p., ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0971/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0971/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ficklin, W. H.","contributorId":89517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficklin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011474,"text":"70011474 - 1982 - Nutrient exchange across the sediment-water interface in the Potomac River estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T16:48:54.757023","indexId":"70011474","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient exchange across the sediment-water interface in the Potomac River estuary","docAbstract":"<p>The flux of ammonia, phosphate, silica and radon-222 from Potomac tidal river and estuary sediments is controlled by processes occurring at the sediment-water interface and within surficial sediment. Calculated diffusive fluxes range between 0·6 and 6·5 mmol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for ammonia, 0·020 and 0·30 mmol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for phosphate, and 1·3 and 3·8 mmol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for silica. Measured<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>fluxes range between 1 and 21 mmol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for ammonia, 0·1 and 2·0 mmol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for phosphate, and 2 and 19 mmol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for silica. The ratio of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>fluxes to diffusive fluxes (flux enhancement) varied between 1·6 and 5·2 in the tidal river, between 2·0 and 20 in the transition zone, and from 1·3 to 5·1 in the lower estuary. The large flux enhancements from transition zone sediments are attributed to macrofaunal irrigation. Nutrient flux enhancements are correlated with radon flux enhancements, suggesting that fluxes may originate from a common region and that nutrients are regenerated within the upper 10–20 cm of the sediment column.</p><p>The low fluxes of phosphate from tidal viver sediments reflect the control benthic sediment exerts on phosphorus through sorption by sedimentary iron oxyhydroxides. In the tidal river, benthic fluxes of ammonia and phosphate equal one-half and one-third of the nutrient input of the Blue Plains sewage treatment plant. In the tidal Potomac River, benthic sediment regeneration supplies a significant fraction of the nutrients utilized by primary producers in the water column during the summer months.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(82)90050-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., and Hammond, D.E., 1982, Nutrient exchange across the sediment-water interface in the Potomac River estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 15, no. 4, p. 395-413, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(82)90050-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"413","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      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Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8054,"text":"ofr81877 - 1981 - Real time monitoring of radon as an earthquake precursor in Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T12:33:05","indexId":"ofr81877","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-877","title":"Real time monitoring of radon as an earthquake precursor in Iceland","docAbstract":"<p>We report radon data collected during 1980 from geothermal wells in Iceland. Discrete radon samples are being collected weekly from nine stations in the Southern Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) and two stations in the Northern Iceland-Tjornes Fracture Zone (TFZ) to determine the potential for earthquake prediction. We also monitor volume ratio of gas to water, wellhead temperature and chloride content of the water to enable us to constrain the possible mechanism involved in radon anomalies.</p><p>We report a possible strain event in April that caused both changes in radon emission and a small earthquake swarm. An eruption at Hekla in August was not preceded by any distinctive radon anomalies. Swarm activity occurring close to Selfoss and Oxnalaekur appeared to be associated with possible low amplitude (&lt;30%) precursory radon anomalies in April and October.</p><p>We present the first data from our ALOKA-continuous radon meter at Fludir. The data show no anomalies and no earthquakes have been reported.</p><p>Chloride and radon data from Bakki and Dalvik indicate that an inverse correlation exist between them at longer periods. Therefore, we feel that in the case of a large earthquake the chloride data could tell us something about the mechanism of radon anomalies.</p><p>During 1980 three major eruptions and two subsurface migration events occurred at Krafla, north Iceland. All of these events were followed by an increase in radon emission except for the event in July when no data were collected. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81877","usgsCitation":"Broecker, W.S., Goddard, J., and Hauksson, E., 1981, Real time monitoring of radon as an earthquake precursor in Iceland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-877, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81877.","productDescription":"96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0877/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":361460,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0877/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Iceland","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broecker, Wallace S.","contributorId":44146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broecker","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, J.C.","contributorId":92248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":157063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7064,"text":"ofr81449_vol1 - 1981 - Comparison of radon monitoring techniques, the effects of thermoelastic strains on subsurface radon, and the development of a computer-operated radon-monitoring network for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:06","indexId":"ofr81449_vol1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-449","title":"Comparison of radon monitoring techniques, the effects of thermoelastic strains on subsurface radon, and the development of a computer-operated radon-monitoring network for earthquake prediction","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81449_vol1","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, M.H., Melvin, J., Tombrello, T., Mendenhall, M., Larson, P., and Whitcomb, J., 1981, Comparison of radon monitoring techniques, the effects of thermoelastic strains on subsurface radon, and the development of a computer-operated radon-monitoring network for earthquake prediction (Volume 1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-449, 2 v. 84 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81449_vol1.","productDescription":"2 v. 84 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0449/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":20127,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0449/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Volume 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Mark H.","contributorId":65847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melvin, J.D.","contributorId":14403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tombrello, T.A.","contributorId":13232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tombrello","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendenhall, M.H.","contributorId":92663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, P.B.","contributorId":88729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitcomb, J.H.","contributorId":69142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":7267,"text":"ofr81278 - 1981 - Investigation radon and helium as possible fluid-phase precursors to earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"ofr81278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-278","title":"Investigation radon and helium as possible fluid-phase precursors to earthquakes","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81278","usgsCitation":"Craig, H., Chung, Y., Lupton, J., Damasceno, S., and Poreda, R., 1981, Investigation radon and helium as possible fluid-phase precursors to earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-278, 103 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81278.","productDescription":"103 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0278/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34642,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0278/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b3e4b07f02db49ec31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Harmon","contributorId":70754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Harmon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chung, Y.","contributorId":17991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lupton, J.E.","contributorId":98716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupton","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damasceno, S.","contributorId":63386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damasceno","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poreda, R.","contributorId":69540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":10089,"text":"ofr81142 - 1981 - Radionuclide concentrations in streams in the upper Blackfoot River basin, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T13:28:00","indexId":"ofr81142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-142","title":"Radionuclide concentrations in streams in the upper Blackfoot River basin, southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"Data on radionuclide concentrations in water and sediment material in the phosphate-mining area of the upper Blackfoot River basin were collected from May to October 1979. Maximum measured uranium and radium-226 concentrations dissolved in water were 3.7 micrograms per liter and 1.8 picocuries per liter , respectively. Maximum measured uranium and radium-226 concentrations in stream-bottom material were 5.5 micrograms per gram and 1.8 picocuries per gram, respectively. Maximum measured uranium and radium-226 concentrations on bottom material were 9.9 micrograms per gram and 3.9 picocuries per gram, respectively, in sediment-retention ponds, and 17 micrograms per gram and 3.5 picocuries per gram, respectively, in a mine pit. Maximum observed radon-222 concentration was 120 picocuries per liter in surface water and averaged 550 picocuries per liter at Formation Springs (site 10). All radionuclide concentrations were within existing State and Federal water-quality standards. Radionuclide concentrations were not significantly increased downstream from active mining sites. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81142","usgsCitation":"Low, W.H., 1981, Radionuclide concentrations in streams in the upper Blackfoot River basin, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-142, Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 16.02 X 17.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81142.","productDescription":"Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 16.02 X 17.36 inches","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37941,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0142/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37942,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Blackfoot River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.9883,42.6156 ], [ -112.9883,43.6065 ], [ -111.5604,43.6065 ], [ -111.5604,42.6156 ], [ -112.9883,42.6156 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649b25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7083,"text":"ofr81881 - 1981 - Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T14:53:44.998823","indexId":"ofr81881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-881","title":"Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","docAbstract":"<p>Several wells and springs near active faults in southern California have been monitored for the concentration of Rn, Na<sup>+</sup> , K<sup>+</sup> , Mg<sup>+2</sup> , and Cl<sup>-</sup> for periods of up to 24 months, in an effort to see if any of these constituents show variations which may be related to seismic activity. Radon might reflect either a change in the rock surface area to pore volume ratio or a change in groundwater flow characteristics. The chemistry may change with a change in the flow characteristics. Only a few of these sites have shown significant fluctuations in either radon or chemistry. Data from cold springs are consistent with a model in which ionic constituents are controlled by reactions in the soil zone and radon concentrations are controlled by flow rates in the aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81881","usgsCitation":"Henyey, T.L., Teng, T., Hammond, D.E., and Sammis, C., 1981, Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-881, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81881.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495596,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,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