Ciénegas are rare wetlands in arid landscapes of the North American Southwest, historically providing critical ecological and hydrological functions but increasingly threatened by changing climate and land use pressures. This study quantifies changes in ciénega condition and floodplain dynamics using a state-and-transition model (STM) informed by expert knowledge and remote sensing. Key factors include woody plant encroachment, water availability, and soil aggradation. We mapped 31 ciénegas with high-resolution imagery and analyzed Landsat data (1985–2023) to assess vegetation health and moisture using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). Results show substantial interannual variability in phenology, water stress, and soil moisture, with regional drying and elevation strongly influencing ciénega resilience. We classified ciénegas into three functional states—healthy, desiccated, and dormant—and mapped their 2023 condition. Trend analyses indicate most ciénegas exhibit greening despite drought, though localized variability underscores the need for site-specific management. None are in a stable climax (reference) state; rather, they transition among states in response to external drivers. Increasing woody plant cover and surface drying, likely linked to declining regional water tables, favor deep-rooted species over wetland grasses—a pattern mirrored in adjacent control plots. Spatially explicit analysis revealed intra-ciénega variability often masked by aggregated data, highlighting the importance of high-resolution monitoring. Seasonal and long-term trends provide context for understanding ciénega dynamics, including degradation and restoration pathways. This study emphasizes the importance of groundwater conservation and demonstrates how remote sensing supports long-term monitoring. The STM framework offers a practical tool for adaptive management to sustain freshwater resources in arid environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114741","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Petrakis, R.E., Wilson, N.R., Middleton, B.R., Villarreal, M.L., Pollock, M., Minckley, T.A., and Hendrickson, D., 2026, Satellite time series analysis to quantify changing climax ciénegas using a state and transition model approach: Ecological Indicators, v. 184, 114741, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114741.","productDescription":"114741, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179305","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.05152972005978,\n 33.0768867725987\n ],\n [\n -112.05152972005978,\n 29.88732922369421\n ],\n [\n -108.36301240182003,\n 29.88732922369421\n ],\n [\n -108.36301240182003,\n 33.0768867725987\n ],\n [\n -112.05152972005978,\n 33.0768867725987\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Natalie R. 0000-0001-5145-1221 nrwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-1221","contributorId":214982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Natalie","email":"nrwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Middleton, Barry R.","contributorId":367728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36921,"text":"Ret. USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":214980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pollock, Michael","contributorId":367729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Minckley, Thomas A.","contributorId":367730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minckley","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":87617,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Laramie, WY 82071-2000","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hendrickson, Dean","contributorId":367731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrickson","given":"Dean","affiliations":[{"id":87618,"text":"University of Texas at Austin, College of Natural Sciences, Austin, TX 78712","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70274196,"text":"ofr20261063 - 2026 - Evaluation of turbidity corrections for EXO fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:45:10.353284","indexId":"ofr20261063","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-06T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1063","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Turbidity Corrections for EXO Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM) Sensors","title":"Evaluation of turbidity corrections for EXO fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensors","docAbstract":"The use of field-deployable fluorescence sensors to better understand dissolved organic matter concentrations and composition has grown immensely in recent years. Applications of these sensors to critical monitoring efforts have also grown, encompassing post-fire monitoring, wastewater tracking, and use as a proxy for various contaminants. Despite the growth, it is well known that these sensors require corrections for temperature (Watras and others, 2011) and are subject to many light-field interferences caused by both scattering and absorbance due to dissolved and particulate substances (Downing and others, 2012; Lee and others, 2015; Booth and others, 2023). The most common fluorescence sensors used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) include those targeting fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) and chlorophylls. Because fDOM sensors primarily measure fluorescence in the dissolved to colloidal phases, corrections to the interferences caused by particulates can be made relatively easily. By the end of 2024, the USGS had 69 fDOM sensors deployed within official water quality monitoring networks included on the USGS National Water Dashboard (https://dashboard.waterdata.usgs.gov/app/nwd/en/) and numerous others used in surveys and research applications across the Nation.
Although temperature corrections are widely applicable across sensor models, interference corrections can be model specific due to differences in design specifications across manufacturers and models (Booth and others, 2023). The corrections are also potentially subject to changes in manufacturing within a specific sensor model. Recently, USGS staff obtained information regarding possible changes in the manufacturing of its most widely-used fDOM sensor model, raising concerns about data consistency and quality in the USGS fDOM sensor networks.
Furthermore, changes in turbidity sensors since the corrections guidance was performed may also affect the performance of the corrections. The turbidity sensor used in the original experiments (Downing and others, 2012) was determined to have a signal output approximately 1.3 times higher than the output of the turbidity sensor currently used in an extensive field comparison study (Messner and others, 2023). With these changes, it is imperative that the corrections be reevaluated to maintain data consistency and continuity across the USGS.
In this study, we evaluated turbidity corrections for fDOM sensors over a range of serial numbers covering manufacturing dates 2015 through 2022 and turbidity serial numbers covering the range 2013 through 2022. The goal was to determine whether reported changes in the manufacturing process of the fDOM and turbidity sensors affected the correction approach developed by Downing and others (2012) such that additional guidance would be required to address this manufacturing change. To evaluate, we repeated a laboratory-based test similar to that performed by Downing and others (2012) in which a series of tank experiments with multiple sensors were deployed in a suspension of Elliot Silt Loam (ESL). High turbidities of the ESL suspension were maintained throughout the tank by turbulent recirculation using submersible pumps. Particulates were removed using a recirculated line equipped with a capsule filter (0.45 micron). Measurements were collected throughout the filtration until turbidities reached approximately 5 formazin nephelometric units (FNU; data available in Baxter and others, 2023). Each experimental run included a mixture of unique sensor combinations to account for variability imposed by the turbidity and temperature sensors. The fDOM correction factor was calculated for each combination of fDOM and turbidity sensors included in the test.
We observed no systematic change in fDOM correction coefficients across serial numbers representing manufacturing years 2015 through 2022. However, the results highlighted questions raised about the corrections for high-turbidity samples, as noted in USGS Techniques and Methods (Booth and others, 2023). Applying the inverse of the commonly-used fDOM ratio with a quadratic fit performed better than the exponential fits when correcting fDOM data for turbidity in the ESL laboratory filtration test and generated a simple scale factor correction equation. This approach also served as a better indicator of data quality than the exponential fit approach. Similar to fDOM, more rigorous quality assurance measures may be necessary to evaluate turbidity sensor calibrations and performance. Sensors exceeding a certain age may need to be replaced despite passing quality assurance checks during calibration. Further testing of the turbidity corrections for different sediment and water types is warranted to better understand the variations in the fits and correctable ranges of turbidity in different systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261063","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J.A., Baxter, T.J., and Hansen, A.M., 2026, Evaluation of turbidity corrections for fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1063, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261063.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171907","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500843,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/ofr20261063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1063 PDF"},{"id":500844,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261063/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1063 HTML"},{"id":500845,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/ofr20261063.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1063 XML"},{"id":500846,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/images"},{"id":500847,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OB430E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fluorescence sensor measurements in sediment suspensions to evaluate turbidity corrections"}],"contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
We aimed to compare two machine learning approaches—boosted beta regression (BBR) and beta mixed model forest (BMF)—to a Bayesian mixed-effects beta regression (BME) for the prediction of rotary screw trap (RST) efficiency for out-migrating juvenile salmonids from environmental covariates.
We identified two machine learning approaches that shared the ability to model overdispersed probabilities. We compared the BBR and BMF machine learning models to a BME model to evaluate precision in detection probability prediction and model performance on bias in parameter estimation. We tested our three candidate models using a simulation study to understand the specific advantages and disadvantages of each when the data set was increasingly sparse and the capture probabilities were realistically small. We then applied the models to a case study of RST data from the Klamath River in California, United States.
The BME and BMF outperformed BBR in all simulated scenarios, although the BMF displayed poor explanatory power. In the case study, the BME and BMF identified environmental covariates that predicted RST efficiency.
Using the BME as a benchmark for comparing machine learning approaches to trap efficiency modeling, our simulations and case study demonstrated that the BMF performed well and is a viable modeling approach with strong predictive power. The BME model would be the preferred modeling approach when its strong explanatory power is desired.
Restoration of impaired floodplains is an increasingly prevalent strategy for alleviating water quality concerns and reducing downstream flooding at watershed scales. Floodplains temporarily store water and slow flow velocity to promote sedimentation during overbank flooding and remove inorganic nitrogen from floodwater and groundwater via denitrification. Evaluating the impacts of different restoration strategies on denitrification can inform more strategic investments into floodplain modifications that improve water quality outcomes. Our research investigates how denitrification rates in floodplains respond to environmental factors that are actionable from an engineering perspective through design and water resources management. We seasonally measured soil denitrification enzyme activity and various environmental characteristics in 4 floodplains with different restoration design and management approaches at the confluence of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers in Indiana, United States. Our results showed that denitrification rates in an agricultural floodplain were significantly lower than in restored floodplains with native vegetation. Certain soil conditions characteristic of floodplain wetlands were associated with higher denitrification, particularly elevated total nitrogen, moisture, silt, and organic matter contents. Vegetation species composition was correlated with denitrification rates. This link may reflect the direct effects of vegetation on soil conditions, such as supplying labile organic carbon, or indirect effects, such as vegetation acting as an indicator of hydrologic regime and land use. Denitrification seasonally varied, peaking in winter when nitrate supply from rivers draining agricultural watersheds in the region is also high. Substrate limitation of soil denitrification enzyme activity was most significant during the summer when overbank flooding, which replenishes soil nitrogen stocks, rarely occurs. Our findings indicate that denitrification capacity will likely be maximized in riverine floodplains that are restored as wetlands with diverse native vegetation and enhanced hydrologic connectivity. Such restoration activities promote higher denitrification rates via elevated moisture, fine sediment deposition, and soil organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Vermont Press","doi":"10.70793/jeed.13","usgsCitation":"Lay, D.W., McMillan, S.W., Hosen, J.D., Dey, S., and Noe, G.E., 2026, Assessing environmental drivers of denitrification in restored riverine floodplains: Journal of Ecological Engineering Design, v. 4, no. 1, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.70793/jeed.13.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179949","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.70793/jeed.13","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Tippecanoe River, Wabash River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.73421342718163,\n 40.54578001376902\n ],\n [\n -86.77854172394578,\n 40.56893409536539\n ],\n [\n -86.85226822336595,\n 40.486689152088985\n ],\n [\n -86.83272067583472,\n 40.46994703338217\n ],\n [\n -86.73421342718163,\n 40.54578001376902\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lay, Danielle Winter","contributorId":369252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lay","given":"Danielle","middleInitial":"Winter","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMillan, Sara W.","contributorId":369253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMillan","given":"Sara","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hosen, Jacob D.","contributorId":369254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosen","given":"Jacob","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dey, Sayan","contributorId":369255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dey","given":"Sayan","affiliations":[{"id":30787,"text":"Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275563,"text":"70275563 - 2026 - Carcass size and ground substrate drive detection rates of avian carcasses by human surveyors and a dog team","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-04T16:37:19.643763","indexId":"70275563","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-06T09:32:11","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carcass size and ground substrate drive detection rates of avian carcasses by human surveyors and a dog team","docAbstract":"Accurate avian mortality estimates are essential for understanding anthropogenic impacts to bird populations and informing conservation strategies. Carcass surveys are commonly conducted by human surveyors or by detection dogs, but the factors influencing surveyor detection abilities have not been fully explored. In this study, we conducted two years of detection trials in the semi-arid high desert of southern New Mexico, USA, testing 27 human surveyors and one conservation detection dog across 1096 trials with 238 carcasses representing 50 avian species. We directly compared detection abilities between surveyor types (human and dog) and identified key factors influencing detection probabilities. The conservation detection dog exhibited a significantly higher detection probability (mean = 0.87) than human surveyors (mean = 0.49, individuals ranged 0.25–0.71), consistent with previous studies. Detection probabilities for both surveyor types were influenced by carcass size and ground substrate; detection probability was higher for larger carcasses and areas with lower vegetative complexity. We discuss our results in the context of common tradeoffs faced by managers in designing carcass surveys and how guidance may vary under different scenarios. Broadly, our study provides valuable insight that can enhance wildlife mortality monitoring, ensuring more accurate mortality estimates to inform management and conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04148","usgsCitation":"Boland, K.C., Lawson, A.J., Osterhaus, D.M., Cutler, P.L., Davidson, G.A., and Desmond, M.J., 2026, Carcass size and ground substrate drive detection rates of avian carcasses by human surveyors and a dog team: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 67, e04148, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04148.","productDescription":"e04148, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183521","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04148","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"White Sands Missile Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.5450618838406,\n 32.43486825555317\n ],\n [\n -106.5450618838406,\n 32.34937710226822\n ],\n [\n -106.42875020074301,\n 32.34937710226822\n ],\n [\n -106.42875020074301,\n 32.43486825555317\n ],\n [\n -106.5450618838406,\n 32.43486825555317\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boland, Kelley C.","contributorId":371023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boland","given":"Kelley","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawson, Abigail Jean 0000-0002-2799-8750","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-8750","contributorId":276319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"Jean","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osterhaus, Dylan M.","contributorId":371024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osterhaus","given":"Dylan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cutler, Patricia L.","contributorId":371026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cutler","given":"Patricia","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":88075,"text":"U.S. Army Garrison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davidson, Gregory A.","contributorId":371028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidson","given":"Gregory","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":88076,"text":"Find It Detection Dogs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Desmond, Martha J.","contributorId":371029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desmond","given":"Martha","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275205,"text":"70275205 - 2026 - Stream macroinvertebrate responses vary with region, land use and management practice type","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T14:34:11.340833","indexId":"70275205","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-06T09:21:44","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream macroinvertebrate responses vary with region, land use and management practice type","docAbstract":"Intensive land use alters hydrology and water quality, threatening freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates. Over 200,000 management practices (MPs) have been implemented across the Chesapeake Bay watershed since the 1980s, yet biological responses remain inconsistent. We synthesized 29 studies from 4 physiographic provinces covering 8 MP categories and evaluated macroinvertebrate responses along MP gradients using structural (richness), functional (biomass), tolerance, and biotic metrics. We hypothesized that MPs enhancing habitat complexity or restoring flow regimes would benefit taxa sensitive to sediment, hydrologic instability and organic pollution, with outcomes shaped by regional context, land use, and chosen metrics. Four themes emerged. (i) Agricultural Riparian Forest Buffers (RFBs) consistently improved sensitive metrics related to abundance, biomass and richness. (ii) Urban streams with Stream Habitat Improvement and Management (SHIM) showed improved richness and diversity, but biomass and tolerance metrics declined or remained neutral, indicating unresolved hydrologic and pollutant stress. (iii) Structural and functional responses diverged: effect sizes for total and feeding-group biomasses (functional metrics) were negative, whereas genus-level Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) richness (structural metric) was positive, indicating that structural shifts may not track underlying production changes. (iv) Physiographic comparisons showed counterintuitive patterns, as RFBs improved EPT richness in Piedmont streams but had negative effects in the Coastal Plain. Evaluating MP effectiveness requires distinguishing a no-MP pathway (stressors → instream conditions → assemblages → responses) from an MP-mediated pathway (practice regime → modified stressors → instream conditions → assemblages → responses), underscoring the need for region-specific, multi-metric monitoring and improved understanding of MP density thresholds and recovery lags.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129172","collaboration":"Virginia Tech, USGS","usgsCitation":"Sabat-Bonilla, S.A., Belvin, A.C., Noe, G.E., Maloney, K.O., Frimpong, E.A., Angermeier, P., and Entrekin. Sally E., 2026, Stream macroinvertebrate responses vary with region, land use and management practice type: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 403, 129172, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129172.","productDescription":"129172, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181470","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129172","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"eastern contiguous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.0436249,\n 29.3328733\n ],\n [\n -99.6425005,\n 27.5074215\n ],\n [\n -98.8640981,\n 26.211199\n ],\n [\n -97.3591867,\n 25.8848423\n ],\n [\n -96.9440387,\n 27.8291374\n ],\n [\n -93.6747485,\n 29.4233134\n ],\n [\n -89.2638014,\n 28.9703115\n ],\n [\n -85.7350438,\n 29.5136731\n ],\n [\n -84.0744519,\n 29.6490614\n ],\n [\n -81.7392446,\n 25.0885121\n ],\n [\n -80.1824398,\n 24.9003778\n ],\n [\n -79.8191853,\n 26.5366431\n ],\n [\n -81.1684162,\n 31.3037444\n ],\n [\n -75.0968772,\n 35.2926383\n ],\n [\n -75.4082382,\n 37.5061126\n ],\n [\n -73.2287114,\n 40.0542222\n ],\n [\n -71.9832675,\n 41.0008498\n ],\n [\n -69.3885927,\n 41.5856895\n ],\n [\n -70.0632082,\n 42.2421607\n ],\n [\n -72.450309,\n 41.1573197\n ],\n [\n -73.5400724,\n 41.1963789\n ],\n [\n -73.6438594,\n 43.1574323\n ],\n [\n -77.6396585,\n 43.1574323\n ],\n [\n -81.7911381,\n 41.2744275\n ],\n [\n -86.3577657,\n 34.4838855\n ],\n [\n -88.5372925,\n 37.5884002\n ],\n [\n -92.5849851,\n 34.5266496\n ],\n [\n -97.9300151,\n 34.6121119\n ],\n [\n -98.8122046,\n 31.4809337\n ],\n [\n -101.0436249,\n 29.3328733\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"403","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabat-Bonilla, Sergio A.","contributorId":370289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabat-Bonilla","given":"Sergio","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belvin, Abigail C.","contributorId":370290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belvin","given":"Abigail","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frimpong, Emmanuel A.","contributorId":370293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frimpong","given":"Emmanuel","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":204519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Entrekin. Sally E.","contributorId":370299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Entrekin. Sally E.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274543,"text":"70274543 - 2026 - Working group on American Eel (WGAMEEL; outputs from 2024 meeting)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-31T14:32:51.150531","indexId":"70274543","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-06T08:54:37","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23776,"text":"ICES Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Working group on American Eel (WGAMEEL; outputs from 2024 meeting)","docAbstract":"The Working Group on American Eel (WGAMEEL) met virtually three times in 2022-2024 to address the five Terms of Reference (ToRs) of its three-year term. The first two ToRs tasked WGAMEEL with listing and evaluating data on American eel landings, abundance indices, and spatial and habitat data and also to describe assessment methods used in Canada and the US. Canada-wide American eel trajectory was estimated using 12 fishery-independent datasets. Generally, longer datasets had more negative trends than shorter ones. Limiting data to the post-2000 years produced fewer negative trends that did not differ from zero, suggesting the observed declines occurred pre-2000. Spatial modelling for American eel requires knowledge and mapping that covers the breadth of habitat types occupied by the species, including freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments. In recent years there has been an expansion of online databases with data from the aquatic environment, particularly in freshwater, with estuarine and marine data less consistently documented. This report broadly compiles abiotic data series of relevance to American eel. A larger challenge for spatial modelling will be acquiring enough high quality, georeferenced biological data sets with suitable observations to assess occurrence, abundance, and trends over time in a spatial framework.
The third ToR considered Indigenous Knowledge Systems for American eel. A survey reaching First Nations representatives from four Canadian provinces confirmed the cultural importance of eels in Indigenous communities, and that Indigenous knowledge possessed by the participant groups are place-based and contextual, especially regarding threats impacting eels.
The final two ToRs focused on identifying stock assessment modelling approaches applicable to American and European eel, and assessing whether any of these approaches might be appropriate for American eel management moving forward. WGAMEEL evaluated the various approaches for assessing American eel or providing management advice. Two approaches that could be completed in the next few years because of their minimal data needs are index-based methods and catch-only method. A suite of approaches considered by WGAMEEL that would take more time and data were spatial or habitat models, management strategy evaluation, and spawner-per-recruit (SPR) models potentially paired with meta-population models.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Council for the Exploration of the Sea","doi":"10.17895/ices.pub.31538731","usgsCitation":"April, J., Anstead, K., Brodeur, P., Cairns, D., Castonguay, M., Cieri, M., Jessop, B., D'Astous, A., Denny, S., Dumont, J., Eyler, S., Koops, M.A., Lee, L., Landry-Massicote, L., Maxwell, R., Pratt, T., Reid, S.M., Roloson, S., Schlueter, S.L., Snyder, S., and Young, J.A., 2026, Working group on American Eel (WGAMEEL; outputs from 2024 meeting): ICES Scientific Reports, v. 8, no. 15, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.31538731.","productDescription":"68 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174599","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anstead, Kristen A.","contributorId":329847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anstead","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958372,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas","contributorId":347389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958373,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"April, Julien","contributorId":369015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"April","given":"Julien","affiliations":[{"id":87698,"text":"Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anstead, Kristen A.","contributorId":348307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anstead","given":"Kristen A.","affiliations":[{"id":83332,"text":"Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brodeur, Philippe","contributorId":369056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brodeur","given":"Philippe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cairns, David K.","contributorId":292427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cairns","given":"David K.","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Castonguay, Martin","contributorId":292432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castonguay","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cieri, Matthew","contributorId":369058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cieri","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jessop, Brian","contributorId":369057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessop","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"D'Astous, Amelie","contributorId":369059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D'Astous","given":"Amelie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Denny, Shelly","contributorId":369060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denny","given":"Shelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dumont, Jean-Francois","contributorId":369061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dumont","given":"Jean-Francois","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Eyler, Sheila","contributorId":189779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eyler","given":"Sheila","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Koops, Marten A.","contributorId":16715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koops","given":"Marten","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lee, Laura","contributorId":369062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Landry-Massicote, Louis","contributorId":369063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landry-Massicote","given":"Louis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Maxwell, Robby","contributorId":369064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Robby","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas","contributorId":347389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Reid, Scott M.","contributorId":347268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":83120,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Roloson, Scott","contributorId":368986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roloson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":87695,"text":"Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Schlueter, Scott L.","contributorId":197961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlueter","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Snyder, Shawn","contributorId":302899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":360717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":85817,"text":"EESC (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":958212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70275040,"text":"70275040 - 2026 - Top-down targeted network analysis of critical mineral commodities applied to international geochemistry database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-13T15:14:22.960342","indexId":"70275040","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-06T08:09:39","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Top-down targeted network analysis of critical mineral commodities applied to international geochemistry database","docAbstract":"The global demand for critical mineral commodities is rapidly increasing, making domestic production an important factor in supporting the economy and national security. Large scale, publicly available geochemical databases allow for the application of data informatics methods to interrogate critical mineral commodities data for correlations in deposit formation and distribution, particularly for identifying enrichment of multiple critical mineral commodities at the same deposit. In this study, we applied network analysis to the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) ore geochemistry (Critical Minerals in Ores, CMiO) database to identify the high concentration (defined as 10× bulk crustal abundance) co-occurrence of different critical mineral commodities across a mineral system hierarchy from deposit environments to individual deposits. Identifying patterns or unique outliers in enrichment in network communities will allow for the location of secondary critical mineral commodity resources from under-utilized deposits. We find trends in the enrichment of critical mineral commodities in network-communities between the elements praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), terbium (Tb), and dysprosium (Dy) across multiple CMiO database deposit environments and groups down to specific deposit types and sites. A separate trend in network community deposition is observed as well between iridium (Ir) and platinum (Pt) in deposit environments, groups, types, and sites. Network analysis focused on critical minerals in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits identified multiple deposit sites from different deposit types within the CMiO database with concentrations of Dy, Nd, Tb, Pr, Ir, and Pt that are at least ten times greater than the crustal average. This approach can be applied to any target element(s) or deposit(s) of interest, allowing broad investigation of co-enriched critical mineral commodities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2026.108032","usgsCitation":"Moore, E.K., Rosera, J.M., and Lederer, G.W., 2026, Top-down targeted network analysis of critical mineral commodities applied to international geochemistry database: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 285, 108032, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2026.108032.","productDescription":"108032, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180176","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2026.108032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"285","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Elisha Kelly 0000-0002-9750-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-7769","contributorId":334043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Elisha","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosera, Joshua Mark 0000-0003-3807-5000","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-5000","contributorId":270284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosera","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lederer, Graham W. 0000-0002-9505-9923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-9923","contributorId":202407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lederer","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274250,"text":"70274250 - 2026 - A framework for integrating spatiotemporal deep learning methods with landsat for annual land cover and impervious surface mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T19:31:01.642826","indexId":"70274250","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T14:20:03","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for integrating spatiotemporal deep learning methods with landsat for annual land cover and impervious surface mapping","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val (Calibration and Validation) Center of Excellence is a global leader in improving the accuracy, precision, and quality of remote-sensing data. Calibration is the process of quantitatively defining a system’s response to known and controlled signal inputs. Validation is the process of assessing, by independent means, the quality of the calibrated data products derived from system outputs.
The Landsat Cal/Val team, comanaged by the Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Landsat Science Project, continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level, ensuring its reliability for scientific research. Landsat data quality is often referred to as the “gold standard” and gives other civil and commercial satellite programs a trusted reference point for measuring their own data quality.
The Landsat program started more than 50 years ago. Since then, Landsat missions have gone through multiple technological advances, which, together with improved calibration and validation techniques, have led to higher data quality over time. The Cal/Val team also maintains consistency in data calibration across the multiple generations of sensors, which is vital to many scientists for time-series analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263001","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., Choate, M.J., Micijevic, E., and Shaw, J.L., 2026, Landsat 8–9 geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3001, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263001.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177245","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500744,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/images/"},{"id":500743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/fs20263001.XML"},{"id":500742,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/fs20263001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3001"},{"id":500741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500745,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263001/full"}],"contact":"Project team, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Cal/Val Center of Excellence (ECCOE)
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The San Francisco Bay supports thousands of breeding waterbirds annually and hosts large populations of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster’s terns (Sterna forsteri). These three species have relied largely on former commercial salt ponds in south San Francisco Bay, which provide wetland foraging habitat and island nesting habitat. The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is in the process of restoring as much as 15,100 acres of these former salt ponds to tidal marsh and tidal mudflats. Although this restoration is expected to have numerous benefits, including providing habitat for tidal wetland-dependent species, improving water quality, buffering against storm surge, and protecting inland areas from sea level rise, the reduction in former salt-pond habitat and nesting islands may negatively affect breeding waterbirds. To address the reduction in former salt-pond habitat available to waterbirds, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project will maintain some pond habitat for wildlife and provide enhancements such as the construction of new islands for nesting. The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project follows an adaptive management plan in which waterbird response to the changing landscape is monitored over time to ensure that existing breeding waterbird populations are maintained.
In this report, we provide results of waterbird nest monitoring in south San Francisco Bay during the 2024 breeding season and present these results in the context of annual nest monitoring in south San Francisco Bay since 2005. Overall, Forster’s tern nest abundance in 2024 (1,808 nests) was the highest recorded between 2005 and 2024, and it maintained the high abundance first observed in 2022 (1,727 nests), which reversed the historically low abundance observed during 2015–17. In contrast, nest abundance remained at or near 20-year lows for American avocets (222 nests) and black-necked stilts (126 nests) in 2024, but both species had small increases in their nesting population sizes compared to 2022. In 2024, there were only 3 Forster’s tern, 5 American avocet, and 3 black-necked stilt major colony nesting sites, which is down from the annual averages of 6.6, 12.4, and 6.6 observed during 2005–09. Nest success (73 percent for American avocets, 54 percent for black-necked stilt, and 64 percent for Forster’s terns) increased compared to 2022 (30 percent for American avocets, 29 percent for black-necked stilt, and 53 percent for Forster’s terns) and during 2005–10 (37 percent for American avocets, 24 percent for black-necked stilt, and 61 percent for Forster’s terns). Nest success in 2024 was above (American avocets and black-necked stilts) or slightly below (Forster’s terns) baseline values established for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Average egg-hatching success was lower for American avocets (86 percent) and Forster’s terns (86 percent) and similar for black-necked stilts (96 percent) than the values observed during 2005–10. Average clutch sizes for American avocets (3.87 eggs), black-necked stilts (3.88 eggs), and Forster’s terns (2.73 eggs) were greater than what was observed in 2022 and during 2005–10. Average nest-initiation dates in 2024 were substantially earlier among all three species (April 19 for American avocets, April 25 for black-necked stilts, and May 12 for Forster’s terns) than in 2022 (May 4 for American avocets, May 13 for black-necked stilts, and May 20 for Forster’s terns) and during 2005–10 (May 15 for American avocets, May 3 for black-necked stilts, and May 30 for Forster’s terns). Finally, the enhanced managed ponds with newly constructed islands (Ponds A16 and SF2) supported 52 percent of American avocet nests, 47 percent of black-necked stilt nests, and 94 percent of all the Forster’s tern nests recorded in south San Francisco Bay in 2024.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Coastal Conservancy, California Wildlife Foundation, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Land Management Research Program and Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J.T., Hartman, C.A., and Herzog, M., 2026, Monitoring nesting waterbirds for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project—2024 breeding season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1064, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261064.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-177737","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500738,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VVTPR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Waterbird nest abundance in south San Francisco Bay"},{"id":500737,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/images"},{"id":500736,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/ofr20261064.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1064 XML"},{"id":500733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/ofr20261064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1064 PDF"},{"id":500735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261064/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1064 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"south San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.667\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.667\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Following a heavy, multiday rainfall event that took place between June 20 and June 22, 2024, widespread flooding occurred in parts of northwestern Iowa. Ten U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages with periods of record ranging from 56 to 99 years in length experienced new peaks of record, three of which were more than double the previous peak-of-record: 06483500 (Rock River near Rock Valley, Iowa), 06605850 (Little Sioux River at Linn Grove, Iowa), and 06606600 (Little Sioux River at Correctionville, Iowa). A Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the State of Iowa was approved on June 24, 2024, and the cost of the flooding is estimated at over $310 million. The severity of this flooding prompted the USGS, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation, to summarize the meteorological and hydrological conditions preceding the flooding, compile estimates of the magnitude of peak flows resulting from the flooding, and update estimates of peak-flow frequency for selected USGS streamgages. Of the 33 streamgages analyzed, a peak streamflow occurred that corresponded to an annual exceedance probability of less than 4 percent at 13 streamgages, an annual exceedance probability of less than 1 percent at 6 streamgages, and an annual exceedance probability of less than 0.2 percent at 1 streamgage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Marti, M.K., and O’Shea, P.S., 2026, Floods of June 2024 in northwestern Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1066, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261066.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-175807","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500762,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261066/full"},{"id":500761,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/images/"},{"id":500760,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/ofr20261066.XML"},{"id":500759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/ofr20261066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1066"},{"id":500758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501165,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119301.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":500763,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JFCNSZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Peak-flow frequency analysis for U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in northwestern Iowa, based on data through water year 2024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.667,\n 43.6\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 43.6\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 43.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
Coral atoll islands are highly susceptible to flooding and overwash due to their low-lying nature and the impacts of climate change. This study presents the first long-term, high-resolution field dataset of wave runup on a coral atoll island, collected over 6 weeks using a shore-mounted LiDAR scanner. The LiDAR data captured swash dynamics on a steep coral rubble beach fronted by a conglomerate platform. Results demonstrate the limitations of depth-based swash extraction methods, particularly for thin swash events, where depth thresholds lead to significant underprediction. Further analyses show that low-frequency oscillations (infragravity and very-low-frequency bands) and high-frequency components (transitional bores) dominate the spectra on the reef platform and are reflected in the swash signal. The displayed swash spectra highlight the critical role of low-frequency oscillations in extreme runup events, emphasizing their contribution to island flooding and overwash.
","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Dynamics 2025","conferenceDate":"April 7-11, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Aveiro, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Rose, S., Blenkinsop, C., Masselink, G., Turner, I.L., Martin, K., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2026, Measurements of wave runup on an atoll island using LiDAR, Coastal Dynamics 2025, Aveiro, Portugal, April 7-11, 2025, p. 622-628.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"622","endPage":"628","ipdsId":"IP-168003","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-15473-6_95"},{"id":503553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Sam","contributorId":349931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":83541,"text":"U.Bath","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blenkinsop, Chris","contributorId":349932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blenkinsop","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":83541,"text":"U.Bath","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masselink, Gerd","contributorId":224307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masselink","given":"Gerd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40854,"text":"UP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Ian L.","contributorId":147366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16827,"text":"UNSW Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Kévin","contributorId":370440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Kévin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274673,"text":"70274673 - 2026 - Stochastic within-host dynamics and climate-sensitive traits generate predictable patterns of variation in disease outcomes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:37:07.940747","indexId":"70274673","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T10:32:50","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23782,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic within-host dynamics and climate-sensitive traits generate predictable patterns of variation in disease outcomes","docAbstract":"Understanding how climatic variables impact host-pathogen relationships in temperature-sensitive ectothermic host organisms is crucial under global change. Few studies have explored how temperature gradients generate inter-individual variation in epidemiological traits like host susceptibility or pathogen replication. Here, we develop a mathematical model to explore a novel hypothesis: stochastic within-host dynamics and simulated thermal mismatches between host and pathogen traits generate predictable variation in infection outcomes among hosts and across thermal gradients. Our model demonstrates that varying trait thermal optima in host immunity and pathogen replication, and stochastic within-host processes produced variation in infection outcomes. Variability was low when temperatures strongly favored host or pathogen traits, but high and diverse when their performance was similar across a broad thermal range. In contrast, when trait performance was equal across all temperatures (no mismatch) variability remained low at all temperatures. Further, the magnitude of variation, quantified by entropy, exhibited predictable patterns depending on host-pathogen thermal mismatches. We conclude that interactions between trait thermal mismatches and within-host stochasticity provide a theoretical framework to improve ectotherm disease models under climate change, providing a valuable tool for exploring the impacts of environmental change on epizootic or epidemic dynamics, particularly in vulnerable marine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0328","usgsCitation":"Carlino, A., Loeher, M.M., Páez, D.J., Hershberger, P., Wolf, N., and Mihaljevic, J., 2026, Stochastic within-host dynamics and climate-sensitive traits generate predictable patterns of variation in disease outcomes: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, v. 381, no. 1945, 20240328, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0328.","productDescription":"20240328, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180151","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0328","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"381","issue":"1945","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlino, Andrew","contributorId":369232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlino","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":83041,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeher, Malina Mariko 0000-0001-9589-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-5641","contributorId":365991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeher","given":"Malina","middleInitial":"Mariko","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Páez, David James 0000-0001-9035-394X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-394X","contributorId":296751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Páez","given":"David","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":203322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolf, Nathan","contributorId":350132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[{"id":12915,"text":"Alaska Pacific University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mihaljevic, Joseph R.","contributorId":352200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mihaljevic","given":"Joseph R.","affiliations":[{"id":84130,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274254,"text":"70274254 - 2026 - Fragmentation as a population rate-changer: A field experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-23T14:48:49.820811","indexId":"70274254","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T09:20:51","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fragmentation as a population rate-changer: A field experiment","docAbstract":"Experimental and observational studies of effects of fragmentation on biodiversity and population dynamics have produced mixed results, with some reviews concluding strong evidence of negative effects and others concluding small positive effects. In addition, many factors (e.g., interspecific interactions, edge effects, nutrient cycling) have been identified as potential explanations underlying the various results. We carried out a population-level fragmentation study on meadow voles, focusing on changes in vital rates caused by reduced movements in experimental 2-patch systems. We developed predictions of fragmentation effects by decomposing rates of apparent survival and recruitment (parameters directly estimated using capture–recapture models) into components that do and do not include movement. Fragmentation was predicted to reduce movement rates, and reduced movement was predicted to increase apparent survival rates, decrease immigration rates, and slightly increase population growth rates. We found evidence of increased adult and juvenile apparent survival and adult population growth rate on fragmented grids, whereas results for recruitment were ambiguous and did not support our predictions. The recruitment results led to the hypothesis that immigration into suitable habitat may not be reduced by fragmentation as much as permanent emigration from that habitat. A focus on effects of reduced movement on vital rates should be a reasonable starting point for investigations of fragmentation effects. This focus suggests that explanations underlying fragmentation effects will require additional effort devoted to isolating movement components of vital rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70327","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., Hinz, R.L., and Hinz, J., 2026, Fragmentation as a population rate-changer: A field experiment: Ecology, v. 107, no. 3, e70327, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70327.","productDescription":"e70327, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183793","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501391,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70274254/images"},{"id":501390,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70274254/70274254.XML"},{"id":501389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70274254/full"},{"id":501388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinz, Robert L.","contributorId":43454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":957202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinz, Janet","contributorId":367241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinz","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274205,"text":"70274205 - 2026 - Measuring storm waves and water levels from a fixed structure with a rapidly deployable oceanographic radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-13T13:23:53.855171","indexId":"70274205","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T09:16:28","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measuring storm waves and water levels from a fixed structure with a rapidly deployable oceanographic radar","docAbstract":"A new oceanographic radar instrument package was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to measure storm waves and water levels in the nearshore, capable of being deployed rapidly and transmitting data in near real-time. To test the performance and accuracy of the sensor, multiple years of data were collected over various hydrodynamic conditions and compared to long-term monitoring data collected at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, USA. The oceanographic radars were highly reliable, with less than 1% of the record being erroneous spikes or missing data points. At the end of the pier, the radar was highly accurate, with nearly perfect agreement in water level (r2 = 0.997) compared to a nearby National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tide gauge, and good agreement in significant wave height (r2 = 0.98) and peak wave period (r2 = 0.65) compared to a nearby USACE sensor. This work demonstrates the potential of the USGS radar for rapid response storm deployments and collecting reliable and accurate hydrodynamic measurements in the nearshore for validating coastal impact models.
","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Dynamics 2025","conferenceDate":"April 7-11, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Aveiro, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-15473-6_106","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., McClenney, B.J., and Dickhudt, P., 2026, Measuring storm waves and water levels from a fixed structure with a rapidly deployable oceanographic radar, Coastal Dynamics 2025, Aveiro, Portugal, April 7-11, 2025, p. 696-702, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-15473-6_106.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"702","ipdsId":"IP-174186","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-15473-6_106","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Duck","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jenna A. 0000-0003-3137-7073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-7073","contributorId":208564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jenna A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClenney, Bryce J 0009-0007-6454-2078","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6454-2078","contributorId":367183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClenney","given":"Bryce","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J. ","contributorId":169593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J. ","affiliations":[{"id":25562,"text":"(former) Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274668,"text":"70274668 - 2026 - Who needs closure? Estimating abundance with a Markovian availability model for geographically open removal sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:59:32.312798","indexId":"70274668","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T08:51:53","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Who needs closure? Estimating abundance with a Markovian availability model for geographically open removal sampling","docAbstract":"Removal sampling is an important method for estimating abundance, but nearly all removal models assume closure during sampling. Yet, closure may be difficult to assume, evaluate, or enforce in many settings. To address situations where populations are geographically open between each removal sample, we incorporated a Markovian availability process into an N-mixture model framework. This model relates local abundance available for sampling to a superpopulation through recruitment of new individuals to the sampling area. To test the model, we (1) conducted parameter identifiability analysis, (2) fit the model to removal data generated from a random walk movement model, and (3) analyzed a case study of empirical removal data. Parameters were increasingly identifiable as capture probability exceeded 0.25 and removal samples increased from 3 to 6. Abundance estimates were unbiased when parameters were identifiable, except for scenarios that simulated a behavioral response to sampling. For our case study, the model estimated negligible recruitment for benthic-oriented fishes, indicating closure, but we found evidence against closure for juvenile Chinook salmon, a highly mobile species. Our removal model allows researchers to formally test closure assumptions, to estimate the degree of closure, and to estimate abundance without bias when closure is violated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70289","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Pope, A.C., Hendrix, A.N., Kirsch, J.E., Matthias, B.G., and Dodrill, M.J., 2026, Who needs closure? Estimating abundance with a Markovian availability model for geographically open removal sampling: Ecology, v. 107, no. 3, e70289, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70289.","productDescription":"e70289, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173976","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.83191369646093,\n 38.29270493761476\n ],\n [\n -121.83191369646093,\n 37.97384682645672\n ],\n [\n -121.44796698911333,\n 37.97384682645672\n ],\n [\n -121.44796698911333,\n 38.29270493761476\n ],\n [\n -121.83191369646093,\n 38.29270493761476\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":220177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":223237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendrix, A. Noble","contributorId":369226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrix","given":"A.","middleInitial":"Noble","affiliations":[{"id":87738,"text":"QEDA Consulting, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirsch, Joseph E.","contributorId":369227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirsch","given":"Joseph","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":87739,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office, Lodi, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthias, Bryan G.","contributorId":369228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthias","given":"Bryan","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":87739,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office, Lodi, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dodrill, Michael J. 0000-0002-7038-7170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-7170","contributorId":206439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodrill","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274672,"text":"70274672 - 2026 - The impacts of co-circulating pathogens in Pacific herring depend on interactions between viral life-cycle traits and transmission parameters, highlighting interdependencies between pathogen epizootics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:48:44.185294","indexId":"70274672","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T08:37:06","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23782,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impacts of co-circulating pathogens in Pacific herring depend on interactions between viral life-cycle traits and transmission parameters, highlighting interdependencies between pathogen epizootics","docAbstract":"The average host susceptibility decreases as the epizootic progresses because easily infected hosts are first removed from the population. While host susceptibility is pathogen-specific, it is likely that host susceptibility is correlated between different pathogens, so that co-circulating pathogens may have reciprocal impacts on their epidemics. However, despite well-documented examples of concomitant infections in marine hosts, reciprocal epizootic effects have not been documented in wild marine organisms. We quantify reciprocal impacts between viral haemorrhagic septicaemia and viral erythrocytic necrosis in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) using field and laboratory work. We show that the causative viruses for both diseases circulate through herring populations and that infection with one pathogen has negative impacts on the epizootic and infection characteristics of the other pathogen, suggesting positive correlations in the susceptibility to infection between pathogens. We then use simulations of a two-strain pathogen model to show that the impact of the correlation is modulated by transmission parameters, such as the incubation period and the initial transmission rate. Our work shows that co-occurring epizootics pose a management challenge because single-pathogen management actions may amplify the epizootics of the non-targeted pathogen. This study provides a framework to evaluate the consequences of reciprocal epizootic impacts through field, experimental and modelling work.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0329","usgsCitation":"Páez, D.J., Grady, C.A., Gregg, J.L., Batts, W.N., Ferreiro-Luce, S., Herron, V.L., Loeher, M.M., Williamson, S., and Hershberger, P., 2026, The impacts of co-circulating pathogens in Pacific herring depend on interactions between viral life-cycle traits and transmission parameters, highlighting interdependencies between pathogen epizootics: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, v. 381, no. 1945, 20240329, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0329.","productDescription":"20240329, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180382","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0329","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Port Angeles Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.46245173833248,\n 48.14469328364527\n ],\n [\n -123.46245173833248,\n 48.11631496533502\n ],\n [\n -123.39897354240969,\n 48.11631496533502\n ],\n [\n -123.39897354240969,\n 48.14469328364527\n ],\n [\n -123.46245173833248,\n 48.14469328364527\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"381","issue":"1945","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Páez, David James 0000-0001-9035-394X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-394X","contributorId":296751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Páez","given":"David","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grady, Courtney Ann 0009-0001-9079-2501","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9079-2501","contributorId":369229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, Jacob L. 0000-0001-5328-5482 jgregg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5328-5482","contributorId":203912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Jacob","email":"jgregg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batts, William N.","contributorId":369230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batts","given":"William","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":87741,"text":"Formerly U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferreiro-Luce, Shayla","contributorId":369245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferreiro-Luce","given":"Shayla","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":958682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herron, V. L.","contributorId":369247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herron","given":"V.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":958683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loeher, Malina Mariko 0000-0001-9589-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-5641","contributorId":365991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeher","given":"Malina","middleInitial":"Mariko","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williamson, Sarah","contributorId":369231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williamson","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":87742,"text":"Alaska Pacific University, Fisheries, Aquatic Science, and Technology Laboratory, 4101 University Drive, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":203322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70274267,"text":"70274267 - 2026 - Comparison of nonlethal techniques as indicators of lipid content in Lake Whitefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-07T15:45:14.615095","indexId":"70274267","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T08:20:47","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of nonlethal techniques as indicators of lipid content in Lake Whitefish","docAbstract":"Objective
Energetic reserves are important indicators of the relative health of fish and fish populations. Body condition indices that relate fish weight to length are commonly used as quick, noninvasive methods for approximating lipid content and condition. A microwave meter (i.e., fat meter or energy meter) is a noninvasive method found to be more accurate in some species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of nonlethal techniques for estimating muscle lipid content in Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis.
Methods
We compared the sensitivity of three nonlethal indicators of lipid content to laboratory-extracted muscle lipid content in Lake Whitefish, including readings from a handheld microwave meter at several positions, Fulton’s condition factor, and relative weight.
Results
We found significant, positive relationships between lipid content and each estimation method, except relative weight, with weak to moderate correlations. The microwave meter was moderately correlated to lipid content when positioned anterior to the dorsal fin above the lateral line (r2 = 0.50), while other positions and combinations of positions had weaker correlations (r2 range = 0.27–0.45). Correlation was only slightly improved by including additional model variables (i.e., length and weight). Fulton’s condition factor was weakly correlated with lipid content (r2 = 0.19), while relative weight was not significantly correlated with lipid content.
Conclusion
The microwave meter provides an improvement to muscle lipid estimation compared with length–weight body condition indices; however, microwave meter readings alone do not constitute a reliable predictive measure for true muscle lipid content under the conditions tested here. We hypothesize that the low strength of correlation may be due to low muscle lipid content or the presence of thick scales in Lake Whitefish. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms negatively affecting the predictive performance of the microwave meter in Lake Whitefish and other species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1093/tafafs/vnag002","usgsCitation":"Funnell, T.R., Shrestha, J., Leads, R.R., Holbrook, C.M., Sano, K., and Murphy, C.A., 2026, Comparison of nonlethal techniques as indicators of lipid content in Lake Whitefish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 155, no. 3, p. 300-308, https://doi.org/10.1093/tafafs/vnag002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"308","ipdsId":"IP-164860","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501453,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tafafs/vnag002","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"St. Ignace","otherGeospatial":"northern Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.68726826607411,\n 45.970689451800894\n ],\n [\n -84.68726826607411,\n 45.75821537500693\n ],\n [\n -84.21785270269774,\n 45.75821537500693\n ],\n [\n -84.21785270269774,\n 45.970689451800894\n ],\n [\n -84.68726826607411,\n 45.970689451800894\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funnell, Tyler Reid 0000-0002-9074-3531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-3531","contributorId":334195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funnell","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"Reid","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrestha, Jenus","contributorId":367695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Jenus","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leads, Rachel R.","contributorId":367696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leads","given":"Rachel","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sano, Koji","contributorId":367697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sano","given":"Koji","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murphy, Cheryl A.","contributorId":367698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Cheryl","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274676,"text":"70274676 - 2026 - Region-specific understanding of virus transmission to support salmonid health at hatcheries in three regions of the Pacific Northwest, North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:21:58.487387","indexId":"70274676","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T08:16:06","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22143,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Region-specific understanding of virus transmission to support salmonid health at hatcheries in three regions of the Pacific Northwest, North America","docAbstract":"Juvenile salmonid mortality due to infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) can be a major burden on fish hatcheries. We consider possible IHNV transmission routes and specialist–generalist patterns across three regions in the Pacific Northwest of North America: Coastal Washington and Oregon (CWO), Lower Columbia River Basin (LCRB) and Snake River Basin (SRB) to obtain multi-region inference about IHNV transmission and specialization. While individual regions have been studied previously, our consideration of three regions to identify consistent trends or localized patterns is novel. The most consistent patterns we found were that most exposure to IHNV was from migrating adult salmonids and that the IHNV lineage MD specialized in steelhead and rainbow trout. Our results were consistent with LCRB being a source of IHNV and the SRB and CWO being sinks. Results specific to particular regions include the role of local geography on exposure and influence of hatchery complexes on transmission, which highlights the need to understand local hatchery operations before disease ecology can be understood and suitable hatchery management can be planned. Results demonstrate the need for spatially and temporally explicit quantitative approaches to understand disease dynamics and inform management.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0322","usgsCitation":"Mattheiss, J.P., Breyta, R.B., Kurath, G., LaDeau, S.L., Páez, D.J., and Ferguson, P.F., 2026, Region-specific understanding of virus transmission to support salmonid health at hatcheries in three regions of the Pacific Northwest, North America: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, v. 381, no. 1945, 20240322, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0322.","productDescription":"20240322, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176687","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Columbia River Basin, Pacific Northwest, Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.63069794032529,\n 48.98932804959145\n ],\n [\n -124.78037510708567,\n 48.24389599629413\n ],\n [\n -124.50444980039003,\n 41.85295916161954\n ],\n [\n -116.98100534342481,\n 41.99364717002604\n ],\n [\n -117.206944560168,\n 44.49781388281481\n ],\n [\n -116.45611329894513,\n 45.51144311201449\n ],\n [\n -116.91425339265653,\n 45.96490934925403\n ],\n [\n -116.82424195569669,\n 49.126774434613054\n ],\n [\n -123.63069794032529,\n 48.98932804959145\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"381","issue":"1945","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattheiss, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":369235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattheiss","given":"Jeffrey","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":87743,"text":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breyta, Rachel B. 0000-0002-9106-1014","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9106-1014","contributorId":365995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breyta","given":"Rachel","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":87304,"text":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":220175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaDeau, Shannon L.","contributorId":369236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaDeau","given":"Shannon","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":47722,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Páez, David James 0000-0001-9035-394X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-394X","contributorId":296751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Páez","given":"David","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferguson, Paige F.B.","contributorId":369237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Paige","middleInitial":"F.B.","affiliations":[{"id":87743,"text":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274669,"text":"70274669 - 2026 - From understanding to action: Integrating new and old methodologies to manage marine infectious disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:12:56.68187","indexId":"70274669","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T08:08:04","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23782,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From understanding to action: Integrating new and old methodologies to manage marine infectious disease","docAbstract":"Marine diseases can have far-reaching effects on population, community and ecosystem health; however, our ability to track, predict and manage these diseases has, historically, been poor. As a result, the fields of disease ecology and epidemiology have developed at a slower pace for marine than terrestrial systems [1]. New methodologies, including genomic tools for diagnostics [2,3], transcriptomic tools for measuring host and pathogen responses to infection (e.g. [4,5]), regional oceanic modelling systems that estimate environmental conditions influencing pathogen dispersal and disease progression [6], artificial intelligence methods for quantifying pathology from images (e.g. [7]) and advanced disease modelling techniques [8,9] are precipitating a rapid increase in our understanding of marine pathosystems. In 2016, these efforts led to the first special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Marine diseases, volume 371, issue 1689) focused entirely on marine disease ecology and evolution, and in 2020, the first book, Marine disease ecology, was devoted to this topic [10].
This special issue, focused on marine disease management, is being published a decade after the first Philosophical Transactions special issue on marine diseases. The shift to a management focus reflects an urgent need for management strategies to address high-impact diseases and the rapid methodological advances that have resulted. The papers included in this issue demonstrate the value of combining classical approaches (e.g. routine disease surveillance, reductionistic pathogen challenge trials, rapid throughput diagnostics) with cutting-edge technologies (e.g. high-resolution oceanographic models, Bayesian models, replicated transcriptomic studies) to identify drivers of disease, quantify impacts and suggest management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0318","usgsCitation":"Groner, M.L., Paez, D.J., and Gehman, A.M., 2026, From understanding to action: Integrating new and old methodologies to manage marine infectious disease: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, v. 381, no. 1945, 20240318, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0318.","productDescription":"20240318, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-185260","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0318","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"381","issue":"1945","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groner, Maya L. 0000-0002-3381-6415","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-6415","contributorId":292708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groner","given":"Maya","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":62985,"text":"Senior Research Scientist, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME 04544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Páez, David James 0000-0001-9035-394X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-394X","contributorId":296751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Páez","given":"David","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M.","contributorId":335110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehman","given":"Alyssa-Lois","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":80312,"text":"Hakai Institute; University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70275293,"text":"70275293 - 2026 - Temperature and precipitation source variability and glacial dynamics in the southwestern United States at Fish Lake, Utah, since late MIS 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-28T17:34:23.146376","indexId":"70275293","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-04T11:41:27","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature and precipitation source variability and glacial dynamics in the southwestern United States at Fish Lake, Utah, since late MIS 4","docAbstract":"An improved understanding of hydroclimate response to natural climate forcings is needed to evaluate impacts of changing seasonal circulation patterns on current and future drought in the southwestern United States (‘the Southwest’). However, few terrestrial records from the Southwest preserve changes in moisture availability continuously prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼24.5 ka). Fish Lake, in the Upper Colorado River Basin, preserves a long (∼67 ka), continuous, high-resolution (∼3.3 cm/century) sedimentary record spanning from late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 to present. Here, we investigate the relative contributions of seasonal precipitation and moisture source using the hydrogen isotope value of the n-C29 leaf wax alkane and changes in temperature using branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). During the warm post glacial period (14 ka to present), a greater contribution of annual precipitation is sourced from the North American Monsoon (NAM) in response to declining winter insolation and rising greenhouse gases, weakening westerly storms and shifting them northward. MIS 3 (∼61 to 29 ka) is also influenced by NAM inputs, however, to a smaller magnitude than during the post glacial period when temperatures were warmer. However, stadial periods (MIS 2, 29 to 14.1 ka) show 2H-enriched values, suggesting warm conditions and large contributions of NAM precipitation during the LGM, contradicting other proxies and regional records. The LGM is the only period in the record where glaciers are present in the catchment, thus we hypothesize glacial erosion reworked pre-LGM aged soil organic matter and biased the record during this time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109919","usgsCitation":"Vornlocher, J.R., O’Beirne, M.D., DePaoli, A., Werne, J., Marchetti, D.W., Anderson, L., Brunelle, A., Stoner, J.S., Reilly, B., Morris, J.L., Kraklow, V.A., Power, M.J., Hatfield, R., Sinon, H., Finkenbinder, M.S., Peters, W., Ritter, C., Larsen, D., Lasher, E., and Abbott, M., 2026, Temperature and precipitation source variability and glacial dynamics in the southwestern United States at Fish Lake, Utah, since late MIS 4: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 370, 109919, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109919.","productDescription":"109919, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-184336","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109919","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Fish Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.65900100785068,\n 38.59350319712877\n ],\n [\n -111.76135443458708,\n 38.59350319712877\n ],\n [\n -111.76135443458708,\n 38.513460095098935\n ],\n [\n -111.65900100785068,\n 38.513460095098935\n ],\n [\n -111.65900100785068,\n 38.59350319712877\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vornlocher, Jamie R.","contributorId":211828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vornlocher","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38327,"text":"School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Beirne, Molly D.","contributorId":340100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Beirne","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":81466,"text":"Organic and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Space Research Coordination Center, 4107 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DePaoli, Alyssa","contributorId":370443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DePaoli","given":"Alyssa","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werne, Josef","contributorId":370444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werne","given":"Josef","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marchetti, David W 0000-0002-1246-0798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-0798","contributorId":255716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchetti","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":38118,"text":"Western Colorado University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":264358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brunelle, Andrea","contributorId":131053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunelle","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7215,"text":"University of Utah Dept. of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stoner, Joseph S.","contributorId":84171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reilly, Brendan","contributorId":258076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reilly","given":"Brendan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morris, Jesse L.","contributorId":44829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kraklow, V. A.","contributorId":370590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraklow","given":"V.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Power, Mitchell J.","contributorId":79032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hatfield, Robert","contributorId":370457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sinon, Hailey","contributorId":370458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinon","given":"Hailey","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Finkenbinder, Matthew S.","contributorId":267774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finkenbinder","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":55493,"text":"Wilkes University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Peters, William","contributorId":370460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Ritter, Catarina","contributorId":370461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritter","given":"Catarina","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Larsen, Darren","contributorId":370462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Darren","affiliations":[{"id":36913,"text":"Occidental College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Lasher, Everett","contributorId":370463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasher","given":"Everett","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Abbott, Mark","contributorId":370464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70274219,"text":"70274219 - 2026 - Groundwater dependency and hydroclimatic influences on riparian and upland vegetation productivity, Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-13T15:02:27.64804","indexId":"70274219","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-04T09:37:40","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater dependency and hydroclimatic influences on riparian and upland vegetation productivity, Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States","docAbstract":"In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater sustains vegetation through subsurface water access, yet the responses of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) to changing hydroclimate and groundwater availability are relatively understudied. This study investigates seasonal and spatial patterns in vegetation greenness using Landsat Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values across riparian and upland zones in the semi-arid Upper San Pedro (USP) watershed, southern Arizona, which experiences a bimodal precipitation regime. We paired 25 years (2000–2024) of EVI and depth to groundwater (DTG) data from 89 wells and climate metrics (precipitation and vapour pressure deficit) to quantify the sensitivity of vegetation to subsurface moisture as well as atmospheric moisture supply and demand. Vegetation at wells near the USP riparian area showed strong associations between EVI and DTG anomalies during the monsoon season, indicating sustained groundwater use even during this wet period when summer precipitation is abundant. In contrast, upland vegetation that lacked access to groundwater showed minimal sensitivity in EVI to DTG and was generally less responsive to vapour pressure deficit. Interestingly, the riparian GDEs were not decoupled from precipitation and climate variability. These results underscore the importance of groundwater for maintaining riparian productivity and highlight the utility of remote sensing in identifying vegetation-climate-groundwater linkages across heterogeneous dryland landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70405","usgsCitation":"Bromley, F., Borxton, P., Zhang, J., van Leeuwen, W.J., Nagler, P., and Hu, J., 2026, Groundwater dependency and hydroclimatic influences on riparian and upland vegetation productivity, Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 40, no. 3, e70405, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70405.","productDescription":"e70405, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180542","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70405","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.31987279028372,\n 31.82228360728554\n ],\n [\n -110.31987279028372,\n 31.379497469636988\n ],\n [\n -109.98150823782808,\n 31.379497469636988\n ],\n [\n -109.98150823782808,\n 31.82228360728554\n ],\n [\n -110.31987279028372,\n 31.82228360728554\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromley, Fern 0000-0003-0596-1487","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-1487","contributorId":367222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bromley","given":"Fern","affiliations":[{"id":36671,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borxton, Patrick 0000-0002-2665-6820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-6820","contributorId":248510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borxton","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49935,"text":"2University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Jiaqi","contributorId":202467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiaqi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36453,"text":"University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Leeuwen, Willem J.D. 0000-0002-3188-7172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-7172","contributorId":191856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Leeuwen","given":"Willem","middleInitial":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":363777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":957086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hu, Jia","contributorId":367226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Jia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70273889,"text":"70273889 - 2026 - Changing drivers of regional large magnitude avalanche frequency throughout Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-23T14:02:07.561392","indexId":"70273889","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-04T08:59:53","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing drivers of regional large magnitude avalanche frequency throughout Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Large magnitude snow avalanches (destructive size ≥ D3) impact settlements, transportation corridors, and public safety worldwide. In Colorado, United States, avalanches have killed more people than any other natural hazard since 1950. In March 2019, a large magnitude avalanche cycle occurred throughout the entire mountainous portion of Colorado resulting in more than 1000 reported avalanches during a two-week period. Nearly 200 of these avalanches were size D4 or larger with at least three D5 avalanches. However, placing this 2019 large magnitude avalanche cycle in historic context requires data prior to the instrumental record. Here, we paired tree disturbance data from dendrochronology (1698 to 2020) with meteorological data from the modeled and instrumental record (1901 to 2020) to understand the frequency and climate drivers of large magnitude snow avalanche cycles. The extensive number of downed trees from the 2019 avalanche cycle allowed us to collect 1,188 cross-sections and cores from 1023 individual trees within 24 avalanche paths across the state. From these samples we identified 4135 avalanche-related growth disturbances. We employed a strategic nested sampling design to spatially aggregate avalanche frequency from individual avalanche paths, to counties, to three major sub-regions (i.e., north, central, and south), and across the entire region (i.e., state of Colorado). Over a period spanning more than three centuries (1698 to 2020), we identified 76 avalanche years within 24 individual avalanche paths. Large magnitude avalanche event frequency varied across paths and sub-regions with several notable region-wide avalanche cycles. Both tree-ring and historical written records highlighted 1899 as a year with widespread and large magnitude avalanche activity similar to the March 2019 avalanche cycle. Since the early-20th century (1900 to 2020) regional avalanche probability declined significantly in parallel with decreasing snowpack throughout Colorado. Similarly, dominant avalanche regimes shifted from large magnitude regional cycles driven by above average snowfall years over most of the record, to regional avalanche cycles occurring more commonly in average to low snow years since 1988. In recent decades, a lack of December precipitation and above average March precipitation characterized years with regional large magnitude avalanche activity. Even with declining snow water equivalent, truly extreme regional large magnitude avalanche cycles remain possible – as demonstrated by the 2019 cycle. This underscores that rare but high-impact events are not eliminated by long-term trends. Understanding the changing snow and weather drivers and subsequent behavior of large magnitude avalanche cycles across multiple spatial scales may improve avalanche forecasting and the products and mitigations strategies developed by structural engineers to mitigate avalanche danger. This can decrease the avalanche risk to the public and improve infrastructure design in avalanche terrain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/nhess-26-1059-2026","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Martin, J.T., Greene, E.M., Eckert, N., Favillier, A., Konigsberg, J., Kichas, N., Stahle, D.K., Birkeland, K.W., Elder, K., and Pederson, G.T., 2026, Changing drivers of regional large magnitude avalanche frequency throughout Colorado, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 26, p. 1059-1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1059-2026.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1074","ipdsId":"IP-175486","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1059-2026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.129166385724,\n 41.04962213955744\n ],\n [\n -109.129166385724,\n 36.99334376580887\n ],\n [\n -102.04655644997314,\n 36.99334376580887\n ],\n [\n -102.04655644997314,\n 41.04962213955744\n ],\n [\n -109.129166385724,\n 41.04962213955744\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":202576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Justin T. 0000-0002-3523-6596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-6596","contributorId":215418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Justin","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Ethan M.","contributorId":330958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"Ethan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40054,"text":"Colorado Avalanche Information Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eckert, Nicolas","contributorId":330971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckert","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27334,"text":"Universite Grenoble Alpes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Favillier, Adrien","contributorId":330970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Favillier","given":"Adrien","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66013,"text":"University of Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Konigsberg, Jason","contributorId":330955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konigsberg","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40054,"text":"Colorado Avalanche Information Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kichas, Nickolas","contributorId":366210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kichas","given":"Nickolas","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stahle, Daniel K.","contributorId":210004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahle","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":955447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Birkeland, Karl W.","contributorId":173366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birkeland","given":"Karl","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27213,"text":"USDA Forest Service National Avalanche Center, Bozeman, MT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Elder, Kelly","contributorId":346220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elder","given":"Kelly","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70274161,"text":"ofr20261065 - 2026 - Evaluation of pathogen risks and testing considerations for Chinook salmon egg movements between New Zealand and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T15:34:37.991321","indexId":"ofr20261065","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-03T12:16:41","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1065","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Pathogen Risks and Testing Considerations for Chinook Salmon Egg Movements Between New Zealand and California","title":"Evaluation of pathogen risks and testing considerations for Chinook salmon egg movements between New Zealand and California","docAbstract":"Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792; Chinook salmon) were historically abundant in the McCloud River but are now extirpated from this tributary owing to dam construction and lack of passage. Planning efforts to restore populations above Shasta and Keswick Dams are currently underway, including an evaluation of potential source populations. One potential source is New Zealand Chinook salmon, which are believed to have originated from tributaries of the Sacramento River. These fish could be returned to California if reintroduction risks, including risks of pathogen introduction, could be sufficiently mitigated. The U.S. Geological Survey was contracted to provide scientific support for reintroduction efforts, including evaluating the risks of pathogen transmission via the movement of Chinook salmon eggs from New Zealand to the McCloud River. This report estimates pathogen risks associated with egg movement and considers epidemiological and biosecurity measures to minimize these risks.
Pathogen risks associated with the movement of Chinook salmon eggs from New Zealand were evaluated based on pathogen virulence, transmission route, and geographic distribution. These criteria identified 14 moderate- and high-risk pathogens out of the 30 pathogens evaluated. Pathogen species and strains were considered high risk if they have the potential for vertical transmission (that is, transmission from parent to offspring), are moderately or highly virulent, and are exotic to the Sacramento River Basin. According to these criteria, we identified the following pathogens as high risk:
Strategic use of testing and biosecurity measures can minimize pathogen risks associated with the movement of eggs. The most effective measures include iodophor treatment of eggs to remove external pathogens, testing of all the adult fish from which gametes are obtained, and a quarantine period after transport to confirm pathogen testing results. Additional measures to enhance biosecurity could include testing the quarantined fish following emergence and (or) developing a fish health history of the source population through pathogen monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Anchor QEA, and HDR","programNote":"Land Management Research Program and Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Couch, C.E., Powell, D.B., and Lovy, J., 2026, Evaluation of pathogen risks and testing considerations for Chinook salmon egg movements between New Zealand and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1065, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261065.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-182977","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500703,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261065/full"},{"id":500701,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1065/ofr20261065.XML"},{"id":500702,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1065/images/"},{"id":500700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1065/ofr20261065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1065"},{"id":500699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1065/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand, United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]],[[[173.02037,-40.91905],[173.24723,-41.332],[173.95841,-40.9267],[174.24759,-41.34916],[174.24852,-41.77001],[173.87645,-42.23318],[173.22274,-42.97004],[172.71125,-43.37229],[173.08011,-43.85334],[172.30858,-43.86569],[171.45293,-44.24252],[171.18514,-44.8971],[170.6167,-45.90893],[169.33233,-46.64124],[168.41135,-46.61994],[167.76374,-46.2902],[166.67689,-46.21992],[166.50914,-45.8527],[167.04642,-45.11094],[168.30376,-44.12397],[168.94941,-43.93582],[169.66781,-43.55533],[170.52492,-43.03169],[171.12509,-42.51275],[171.56971,-41.76742],[171.94871,-41.51442],[172.09723,-40.9561],[172.79858,-40.49396],[173.02037,-40.91905]]],[[[174.61201,-36.1564],[175.33662,-37.2091],[175.3576,-36.52619],[175.80889,-36.79894],[175.95849,-37.55538],[176.7632,-37.88125],[177.43881,-37.96125],[178.01035,-37.57982],[178.51709,-37.69537],[178.27473,-38.58281],[177.97046,-39.16634],[177.20699,-39.14578],[176.93998,-39.44974],[177.03295,-39.87994],[176.88582,-40.06598],[176.50802,-40.60481],[176.01244,-41.28962],[175.23957,-41.68831],[175.0679,-41.42589],[174.65097,-41.28182],[175.22763,-40.45924],[174.90016,-39.90893],[173.82405,-39.50885],[173.85226,-39.1466],[174.5748,-38.79768],[174.74347,-38.02781],[174.69702,-37.38113],[174.29203,-36.71109],[174.319,-36.53482],[173.841,-36.12198],[173.05417,-35.23713],[172.63601,-34.52911],[173.00704,-34.45066],[173.5513,-35.00618],[174.32939,-35.2655],[174.61201,-36.1564]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5501-A Cook Underwood Road
Cook, Washington 98605-9717