{"pageNumber":"15","pageRowStart":"350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":70049012,"text":"sir20135183 - 2013 - Assessment of water-quality data from Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota--2008 through 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-16T11:05:29","indexId":"sir20135183","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5183","title":"Assessment of water-quality data from Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota--2008 through 2012","docAbstract":"ong Lake National Wildlife Refuge, located in south-central North Dakota, is an important habitat for numerous migratory birds and waterfowl, including several threatened or endangered species. The refuge is distinguished by Long Lake, which is approximately 65 square kilometers and consists of four primary water management units. Water levels in the Long Lake units are maintained by low-level dikes and water-control structures, which after construction during the 1930s increased the water-storage capacity of Long Lake and reduced the frequency and volume of flushing flows downstream. The altered water regime, along with the negative precipitation:evaporation ratio of the region, may be contributing to the accumulation of water-borne chemical constituents such as salts, trace metals, and other constituents, which at certain threshold concentrations may impair aquatic plant, invertebrate, and bird communities of the refuge. The refuge’s comprehensive conservation planning process identified the need for water-quality monitoring to assess current (2013) conditions, establish comparative baselines, evaluate changes over time (trends), and support adaptive management of the wetland units. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and North Dakota Department of Health began a water-quality monitoring program at Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge to address these needs. Biweekly water-quality samples were collected for ions, trace metals, and nutrients; and in situ sensors and data loggers were installed for the continuous measurement of specific conductance and water depth.\n\nLong Lake was characterized primarily by sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate ions. Overall results for total alkalinity and hardness were 580 and 329 milligrams per liter, respectively; thus, Long Lake is considered alkaline and classified as very hard. The mean pH and sodium adsorption ratio for Long Lake were 8.8 and 10, respectively. Total dissolved solids concentrations averaged approximately 1,750 milligrams per liter, and ranged from 117 to 39,700 milligrams per liter. Twelve of the 14 trace metals detected in the water samples had established North Dakota water-quality standards for aquatic life, and only aluminum and copper consistently exceeded these criteria. Aluminum is considered harmful to aquatic biota in acidic (pH less than 5.5) systems and most of the copper standard exceedances were collected from highly concentrated waters because of evaporation and seasonally low water levels. Concentrations for various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus generally were similar to reported regional values.\n\nSpecific conductance of Long Lake varied seasonally and annually both within and among management units, with values ranging from less than 500 to nearly 40,000 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Long Lake was characterized by consistent seasonal patterns of increasing specific conductance from spring (March and April) to fall (September and October), with levels stabilizing through the end of the sampling season (November). These seasonal patterns in specific conductance were associated with decreasing water levels throughout the summer due primarily to evaporation and continuous water releases through the Unit 1 outlet structure, which resulted in the concentration of salts. Specific conductance of each unit, along with water levels, also varied among years. Overall, specific conductance levels were greatest during the drier year of 2008 when water levels were low. Specific conductance levels were lowest during the spring of 2009 following above-average volumes of fresh water from snowmelt runoff. Comparisons of specific conductance among sample sites that were spatially distributed within each management unit suggested that spatial variability within units was low except for areas associated with local inflows.\n\nData collected during this study revealed consistent seasonal patterns and low within-unit spatial variability of specific conductance. Based on these data results, future sample collection efforts may be reduced, as well as the number of sample locations, to limit sampling costs. Water-quality samples collected monthly or seasonally during the growing season (spring, summer, and fall) from a single representative location within each water-management unit should provide sufficient data to assess seasonal changes in water-quality over time and provide information for Long Lake management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and North Dakota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Finocchiaro, R.G., Gleason, R.A., Rabenberg, M.J., Dahl, C.F., and Ell, M., 2013, Assessment of water-quality data from Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota--2008 through 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5183, Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendix 1: XLSX file; Appendix 2: XLSX file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135183.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendix 1: XLSX file; Appendix 2: XLSX file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045659","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135183.jpg"},{"id":280316,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5183/"},{"id":280317,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5183/pdf/sir2013-5183.pdf"},{"id":280318,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5183/downloads/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 13N","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.327148,46.658156 ], [ -100.327148,46.773731 ], [ -99.983482,46.773731 ], [ -99.983482,46.658156 ], [ -100.327148,46.658156 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b0211ee4b0242fceec8576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A. 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond G. rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":3673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rabenberg, Michael J.","contributorId":47278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabenberg","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dahl, Charles F. cdahl@usgs.gov","contributorId":4052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"Charles","email":"cdahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ell, Mike J.","contributorId":101175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ell","given":"Mike J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70125299,"text":"70125299 - 2013 - Loess origin, transport, and deposition over the past 10,000 years, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T09:27:38","indexId":"70125299","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loess origin, transport, and deposition over the past 10,000 years, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Contemporary glaciogenic dust has not received much attention, because most research has been on glaciogenic dust of the last glacial period or non-glaciogenic dust of the present interglacial period. Nevertheless, dust from modern glaciogenic sources may be important for Fe inputs to primary producers in the ocean. Adjacent to the subarctic Pacific Ocean, we studied a loess section near Chitina, Alaska along the Copper River in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, where dust has been accumulating over the past ∼10,000&nbsp;years. Mass accumulation rates for the fine-grained (&lt;20&nbsp;μm) fraction of this loess section are among the highest reported for the Holocene of high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Based on mineralogy and geochemistry, loess at Chitina is derived from glacial sources in the Wrangell Mountains, the Chugach Mountains, and probably the Alaska Range. Concentrations of Fe in the silt-plus-clay fraction of the loess at Chitina are much higher than in all other loess bodies in North America and higher than most loess bodies on other continents. The very fine-grained (&lt;2&nbsp;μm) portion of this sediment, capable of long-range transport, is dominated by Fe-rich chlorite, which can yield Fe readily to primary producers in the ocean. Examination of satellite imagery shows that dust from the Copper River is transported by wind on a regular basis to the North Pacific Ocean. This Alaskan example shows that high-latitude glaciogenic dust needs to be considered as a significant Fe source to primary producers in the open ocean.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.06.001","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Budahn, J.R., McGeehin, J.P., Bettis, E., Skipp, G.L., Paces, J.B., and Wheeler, E.A., 2013, Loess origin, transport, and deposition over the past 10,000 years, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska: Aeolian Research, v. 11, p. 85-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.06.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"99","ipdsId":"IP-041338","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wrangell-St. Elias National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -142,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -142,\n              63.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n              63.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n              60\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b1543ae4b01ccd54fc5ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":140956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wheeler, Elisabeth A.","contributorId":119014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70145955,"text":"70145955 - 2013 - Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-10T15:41:10","indexId":"70145955","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">Ongoing arc magmatism along western North America was preceded by ancestral arc magmatism that began ca. 45 Ma and evolved into modern arc volcanism. The southern ancestral arc segment, active from ca. 30 to 3 Ma, adjoins the northern segment in northern California across a proposed subducted slab tear. The east edge of the Walker Lane approximates the east edge of the southern arc whose products, mostly erupted from stratovolcanoes and lava dome complexes arrayed along the crest of the ancestral arc, extend down the west flank of the Sierra Nevada. Southern arc segment rocks include potassic, calc-alkaline intermediate- to silicic-composition lava flows, lava dome complexes, and associated volcaniclastic deposits.</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Northern and southern segment rocks are similar to other convergent-margin magmatic arc rocks but are compositionally distinct from each other. Southern segment rocks have lower TiO<sub>2</sub>, FeO*, CaO, and Na<sub>2</sub>O contents and higher K<sub>2</sub>O contents, and exhibit less compositional-temporal variation. Compositional distinctions between the northern and southern segment rocks reflect the composition and thickness of the crust beneath which the associated magma systems were sourced. Northern segment rock compositions are consistent with generation beneath thin, primitive crust, whereas southern segment rocks represent magmas generated and fractionated beneath thicker, more evolved crust.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">Although rocks in the two arc segments have similar metal abundances, they are metallogenically distinct. Small porphyry copper deposits are characteristic of the northern segment whereas significant epithermal precious metal deposits are most commonly associated with the southern segment. These metallogenic differences are also fundamentally linked to the tectonic settings and crustal regimes within which these two arc segments evolved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00944.1","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., John, D.A., and Cousens, B., 2013, Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, California and Nevada: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 1, p. 1-39, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00944.1.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044845","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00944.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.65087890624999,\n              36.43896124085945\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.65087890624999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.42236328124999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.42236328124999,\n              36.43896124085945\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.65087890624999,\n              36.43896124085945\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5528f44ee4b026915857cb2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cousens, Brian L.","contributorId":84038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cousens","given":"Brian L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148382,"text":"70148382 - 2013 - The importance of mineralogical input into geometallurgy programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:42:53","indexId":"70148382","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The importance of mineralogical input into geometallurgy programs","docAbstract":"Mineralogy is the link between ore formation and ore extraction. It is the most fundamental component of geomet programs, and the most important aspect of a life-of-project approach to mineral resource projects. Understanding orebodies is achieved by understanding the mineralogy\r\nand texture of the materials, throughout the process, because minerals hold the information required to unlock the value they contain. Geomet mineralogy programs absolutely require the appropriate expertise and at least three steps of mineral characterisation prior to using semi-automated or other methods: field examination, thorough core logging, and optical microscopy. Economic geological inputs for orebody characterisation are necessary for orebody understanding, and are exemplified by current research in the Zambian Copperbelt, where revised sequence stratigraphy\r\nand understanding of alteration, metasomatism and metamorphism can be used to predict topical issues at mine sites. Environmental inputs for sustainability characterisation are demonstrated by recent work on tailings from the Leadville, Colorado, USA area, including linking mineralogy to water quality issues. Risk assessments need to take into account the technical uncertainties around geological variability and mineral extractability, and mineralogy is the only metric that can be used to make this risk contribution.","conferenceTitle":"The Second AusIMM International Geometallurgy Conference ","conferenceDate":"September 30 - October 2, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Brisbane, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","usgsCitation":"Hoal, K.O., Woodhead, J., and Smith, K.S., 2013, The importance of mineralogical input into geometallurgy programs, The Second AusIMM International Geometallurgy Conference , Brisbane, Australia, September 30 - October 2, 2013, p. 17-26.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-048842","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dace4b0f6c2d0d7d642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoal, K. Olson","contributorId":141004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoal","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Olson","affiliations":[{"id":13646,"text":"Research Professor, Colorado School of Mines, and Senior Consultant, JKTech Pty Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodhead, J.D.","contributorId":70608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhead","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048659,"text":"70048659 - 2013 - Early and late Holocene glacial fluctuations and tephrostratigraphy, Cabin Lake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-02T13:39:22.633485","indexId":"70048659","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T13:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2436,"text":"Journal of Quaternary","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early and late Holocene glacial fluctuations and tephrostratigraphy, Cabin Lake, Alaska","docAbstract":"Marked changes in sediment types deposited in Cabin Lake, near Cordova, Alaska, represent environmental shifts during the early and late Holocene, including fluctuations in the terminal position of Sheridan Glacier. Cabin Lake is situated to receive meltwater during periods when the outwash plain of the advancing Sheridan Glacier had aggraded. A brief early Holocene advance from 11.2 to 11.0 cal ka is represented by glacial rock flour near the base of the sediment core. Non-glacial lake conditions were restored for about 1000 years before the water level in Cabin Lake lowered and the core site became a fen. The fen indicates drier-than-present conditions leading up to the Holocene thermal maximum. An unconformity spanning 5400 years during the mid-Holocene is overlain by peat until 1110 CE when meltwater from Sheridan Glacier returned to the basin. Three intervals of an advanced Sheridan Glacier are recorded in the Cabin Lake sediments during the late Holocene: 1110–1180, 1260–1540 and 1610–1780 CE. The sedimentary sequence also contains the first five reported tephra deposits from the Copper River delta region, and their geochemical signatures suggest that the sources are the Cook Inlet volcanoes Redoubt, Augustine and Crater Peak, and possibly Mt Churchill in the Wrangell Volcanic field.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.2671","usgsCitation":"Zander, P.D., Kaufman, D.S., Kuehn, S., Wallace, K.L., and Anderson, R.S., 2013, Early and late Holocene glacial fluctuations and tephrostratigraphy, Cabin Lake, Alaska: Journal of Quaternary, v. 28, no. 8, p. 761-771, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2671.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-051416","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cabin Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145.461111,60.527778 ], [ -145.461111,60.531944 ], [ -145.455556,60.531944 ], [ -145.455556,60.527778 ], [ -145.461111,60.527778 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5604e4b0b290850f6ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zander, Paul D.","contributorId":106012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zander","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S. 0000-0002-7572-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-1414","contributorId":28308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuehn, Stephen C.","contributorId":105226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"Stephen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":47041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048551,"text":"70048551 - 2013 - Low copper and high manganese levels in prion protein plaques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T15:23:44","indexId":"70048551","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3700,"text":"Viruses","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low copper and high manganese levels in prion protein plaques","docAbstract":"<p>Accumulation of aggregates rich in an abnormally folded form of the prion protein characterize the neurodegeneration caused by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). The molecular triggers of plaque formation and neurodegeneration remain unknown, but analyses of TSE-infected brain homogenates and preparations enriched for abnormal prion protein suggest that reduced levels of copper and increased levels of manganese are associated with disease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess copper and manganese levels in healthy and TSE-infected Syrian hamster brain homogenates; (2) determine if the distribution of these metals can be mapped in TSE-infected brain tissue using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM) with synchrotron radiation; and (3) use X-PEEM to assess the relative amounts of copper and manganese in prion plaques in situ. In agreement with studies of other TSEs and species, we found reduced brain levels of copper and increased levels of manganese associated with disease in our hamster model. We also found that the in situ levels of these metals in brainstem were sufficient to image by X-PEEM. Using immunolabeled prion plaques in directly adjacent tissue sections to identify regions to image by X-PEEM, we found a statistically significant relationship of copper-manganese dysregulation in prion plaques: copper was depleted whereas manganese was enriched. These data provide evidence for prion plaques altering local transition metal distribution in the TSE-infected central nervous system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/v5020654","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.J., Gilbert, P., Abrecth, M., Baldwin, K.L., Russell, R.E., Pedersen, J.A., and McKenzie, D., 2013, Low copper and high manganese levels in prion protein plaques: Viruses, v. 5, no. 2, p. 654-662, https://doi.org/10.3390/v5020654.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"662","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043607","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v5020654","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278314,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v5020654"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679068e4b0c24c90856d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Christopher J. cjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"cjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, P.U.P.A.","contributorId":80172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"P.U.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrecth, Mike","contributorId":53281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrecth","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baldwin, Katherine L.","contributorId":44821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pedersen, Joel A.","contributorId":85079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McKenzie, Debbie","contributorId":82211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Debbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189077,"text":"70189077 - 2013 - Nature's refineries — Metals and metalloids in arc volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T16:25:27","indexId":"70189077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature's refineries — Metals and metalloids in arc volcanoes","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Chemical data for fumaroles and for atmospheric gas and ash plumes from active arc volcanoes provide glimpses of the rates of release of metal and metalloids, such as Tl and Cd, from shallow and mid-crust magmas. Data from copper deposits formed in ancient volcanoes at depths of up to about 1500&nbsp;m in the fractures below paleo-fumaroles, and at around 2000–4000&nbsp;m in association with sub-volcanic intrusions (porphyry copper deposits) provide evidence of sub-surface deposition of Cu–Au–Ag–Mo and a range of other minor elements including Te, Se, As and Sb. These deposits, or ‘sinks’, of metals consistently record sustained histories of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>magmatic gas streaming</i><span>&nbsp;</span>through volcanic systems interspersed by continuing intrusive and eruptive activity. Here we integrate data from ancient and modern volcanic systems and show that the fluxes of metals and metalloids are controlled by a) the maintenance of fracture permeability in the stressed crust below volcanoes and b) the chemical processes that are triggered as magmatic gas, initially undersaturated with metals and metalloids, expands from lithostatic to very low pressure conditions through fracture arrays. The recognition of gas streaming may also account for the phenomenon of ‘excess degassing’, and defines an integral, but generally understated, component of active volcanic systems – a<span>&nbsp;</span><i>volcanic gas core</i><span>&nbsp;</span>– that is likely to be integral to the progression of eruptions to Plinean state.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Destabilization of solvated molecular metal and metalloid species in magmatic gas mixtures and changes in their redox state are triggered, as it expands to the surface by abrupt pressure drops, or throttles' in the fracture array that guides expansion to the surface. The electronically harder, low electronegativity metals, such as copper and iron, deposit rapidly in response to expansion followed more slowly by arsenic with antimony as sulfosalts. Heavy, large radius, softer elements such as bismuth, lead, and thallium along with cadmium are strongly fractionated along the way, eventually venting their excess along with SO<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and other components of the carrier gas, into the atmosphere. These elements, many of which are toxic, may also be dispersed by mixing with groundwater in the permeable crust below volcanoes and generate potential health risks due to Hg, As, and Se contamination of drinking water resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.07.007","usgsCitation":"Henley, R., and Berger, B.R., 2013, Nature's refineries — Metals and metalloids in arc volcanoes: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 125, p. 146-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.07.007.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"170","ipdsId":"IP-038071","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c2e4b0d1f9f05067c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henley, R.W.","contributorId":52810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henley","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70125370,"text":"70125370 - 2013 - Two new species of <i>Isospora</i> (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from skinks <i>Emoia</i> spp. (Sauria: Scincidae), from Fiji and Papua New Guinea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-17T10:46:19","indexId":"70125370","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-17T10:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two new species of <i>Isospora</i> (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from skinks <i>Emoia</i> spp. (Sauria: Scincidae), from Fiji and Papua New Guinea","docAbstract":"Between September and October 1991 and again during September 1992, skinks (<i>Emoia</i> spp.) were collected from various localities on Fiji and Papua New Guinea (PNG) and examined for coccidians. One of 4 (25%) De Vis' emo skinks (<i>Emoia pallidiceps</i>) from PNG harbored an undescribed species of <i>Isospora</i> in its feces. Oocysts of <i>Isospora grinbikpelapalai</i> n. sp. were ellipsoidal to subspheroidal, 18.1 × 14.9 (17–20 × 14–16) μm, with a bilayered wall and a length/width index (L/W) of 1.2. Both micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a prominent polar granule was present. Sporocysts were ovoidal, 10.7 × 7.6 (10–11 × 7–8) μm, with a L/W index of 1.4. Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies were present, but para-Stieda bodies were absent. The sporocyst residuum consisted of large scattered globules dispersed between sporozoites. Sporozoites were elongate with spheroidal anterior and posterior refractile bodies. <i>Isospora grinbikpelapalai</i> was also found in 1 of 2 (50%) Pope's emo skinks (<i>Emoia popei</i>) from PNG. One of 13 (8%) white-bellied copper-striped skinks (<i>Emoia cyanura</i>), from Fiji, was passing another undescribed species of <i>Isospora</i> in its feces. Oocysts of <i>Isospora casei</i> n. sp. were elongate, 31.8 × 21.3 (28–35 × 18–24) μm, with a bilayered wall and a L/W index of 1.5. Micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule were all absent. Sporocysts were ovoidal, 15.3 × 10.6 (14–16 × 10–12) μm, with a L/W index of 1.4. Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies were present, but para-Stieda bodies were absent. The sporocyst residuum consisted of scattered globules among sporozoites or as a cluster surrounding sporozoites. Sporozoites were elongate with spheroidal anterior and posterior refractile bodies. <i>Isospora casei</i> was also found in 1 of 2 (50%) Fiji slender treeskinks (<i>Emoia concolor</i>) from Fiji. This represents the first report of coccidia from <i>Emoia</i> spp. and, to our knowledge, the initial documentation of reptilian coccidia from herpetofauna from Papua New Guinea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/12-171.1","usgsCitation":"McAllister, C.T., Duszynski, D.W., and Fisher, R.N., 2013, Two new species of <i>Isospora</i> (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from skinks <i>Emoia</i> spp. (Sauria: Scincidae), from Fiji and Papua New Guinea: Journal of Parasitology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 677-679, https://doi.org/10.1645/12-171.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"679","ipdsId":"IP-045072","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293962,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/12-171.1"}],"country":"Fiji;Papa New Guinea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 140.84,-20.67 ], [ 140.84,-0.87 ], [ -178.23,-0.87 ], [ -178.23,-20.67 ], [ 140.84,-20.67 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541aa2aae4b01571b3d51d38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, Chris T.","contributorId":22704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duszynski, Donald W.","contributorId":87869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duszynski","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046611,"text":"70046611 - 2013 - Brine intrusion by upconing for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Forsmark: Scoping calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T16:15:37.688752","indexId":"70046611","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T11:06:23","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2013:28","title":"Brine intrusion by upconing for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Forsmark: Scoping calculations","docAbstract":"<p>SSM currently reviews a license application for a spent nuclear fuel repository that is proposed to be located at Forsmark, Sweden. The repository is to be situated&nbsp; at 500 m depth in the rock and copper canisters are deposited in holes excavated from the tunnel system. To protect the canisters they are surrounded by a bentonite clay buffer, which is to swell when getting in contact with water. The swelling properties are dependent on the salt content of the water and excessively high salt contents may inhibit the swelling. Thus it is important to ensure that the bentonite is not subjected to water with too high salt contents. The salt content of the groundwater increases with depth and is expected to reach levels that may affect buffer performance at large depths. When excavating the repository very high hydraulic gradients are established and water and salt movement from the depth to the repository, so-called ‘upconing’, could possibly occur.</p><p>The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of salt-water migration to the repository. This objective is motivated by the adverse impacts of water with too high salinity entering the repository and by the uncertainty of the relevant hydraulic and hydrogeochemical conditions at the Forsmark site at great depths. To analyse density dependent flow and salt transport at the Forsmark site the USGS’ SUTRA code is used.&nbsp; This study proceeds by finding critical model cases for which upconing does or does not occur, while assessing whether the parameterizations of these cases are realistic for the Forsmark site. In addition, the fall of the upconed salt mound (i.e. downconing) following closure of the repository is also evaluated. In particular the objectives are (1) to determine the factors that control saltwater upconing in a hydrogeological setting representative of Forsmark; (2) to relate these factors to the plausible conditions prevailing at the repository site; (3) to investigate whether the proposed repository is likely to generate saltwater upconing, given the range of uncertainty in hydrogeologic structure and parameter values; and (4) to evaluate the timing of upconing (salinization) and the timing of downconing (freshening) following repository closure for cases where upconing occurs.</p><p>The results of this simulation analysis show that upconing behavior is strongly affected by the ratio of permeability to porosity in any zone in which upconing might occur. Within the full range of parameters that are likely to occur at the Forsmark site, the model yields either no significant upconing at all during the operational period of the repository or intrusion of brine-type waters after only one to a few decades.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Swedish Radiation Safety Authority","publisherLocation":"Stockholm, Sweden","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., Geier, J., and Lindgren, G., 2013, Brine intrusion by upconing for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Forsmark: Scoping calculations, 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","ipdsId":"IP-046424","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/en/publications/reports/waste-shipments-physical-protection/2013/201328/"}],"country":"Sweden","city":"Forsmark","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              18.143577575683594,\n              60.368031413794576\n            ],\n            [\n              18.165464401245117,\n              60.368031413794576\n            ],\n            [\n              18.165464401245117,\n              60.374290270786524\n            ],\n            [\n              18.143577575683594,\n              60.374290270786524\n            ],\n            [\n              18.143577575683594,\n              60.368031413794576\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geier, Joel","contributorId":118579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geier","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindgren, Georg","contributorId":115203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Georg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047819,"text":"sir20135065 - 2013 - Effects of surface applications of biosolids on groundwater quality and trace-element concentrations in crops near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:19:14.041259","indexId":"sir20135065","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T08:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5065","title":"Effects of surface applications of biosolids on groundwater quality and trace-element concentrations in crops near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Metro Wastewater Reclamation District (Metro District), studied biosolids composition and the effects of biosolids applications on groundwater quality and trace-element concentrations in crops of the Metro District properties near Deer Trail, Colorado, during 2004 through 2010. Priority parameters for each monitoring component included the nine trace elements regulated by Colorado for biosolids (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc); other constituents also were analyzed. All concentrations for the priority parameters in monthly biosolids samples were less than Colorado regulatory limits, and the concentrations were relatively consistent. Biosolids likely were the largest source of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Metro District properties. Plutonium isotopes were not detected in the biosolids, but many organic wastewater compounds (organic wastewater compounds: wastewater indicators, pharmaceuticals, and hormones) were detected in substantial concentrations relative to minimum reporting levels and various surface-water concentrations. Bismuth, copper, mercury, nitrogen, phosphorus, silver, biogenic sterols, detergent degradates, disinfectants, fire retardants, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and plasticizers would be the most likely biosolids signature to indicate the presence of Metro District biosolids in soil or streambed sediment from the study area. Antimony, cadmium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, tungsten, vanadium, zinc, detergent degradates, disinfectants, fire retardants, fragrances, pharmaceuticals or their degradates, and plasticizers would be the most likely biosolids signature for groundwater and surface water in the study area. More biosolids-signature components detected and larger concentration differences from untreated materials, baseline, and blank samples indicate more evidence of biosolids presence or effects. Although the inorganic constituent concentrations were relatively large in samples from one monitoring well, the concentrations of organic wastewater compounds in groundwater samples were not correspondingly large. Concentrations of organic wastewater compounds in the groundwater samples from all five monitoring wells were less than the minimum reporting levels with only a few detections. Some of the organic wastewater compounds detected could have anthropogenic sources that are not biosolids. Concentrations of priority parameters in groundwater varied spatially and temporally but generally were less than Colorado regulatory limits. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate, arsenic, and selenium, in addition to chloride, sulfate, total dissolved solids, boron, iron, manganese, and uranium, in samples from some wells exceeded the Colorado standards. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate (three wells), molybdenum (one well), selenium (two wells), and uranium (one well) in shallow groundwater had significant (alpha = 0.05) upward trends in some parts of the study area. The biosolids-signature results indicate that the aquifers intercepted by the five routinely sampled wells likely have received some recharge through treated (biosolids-applied) fields or biosolids-affected ponds. Adverse effects from this biosolids-related recharge range from few (if any) at one well to large and significantly (alpha = 0.05) increasing nitrate concentrations at another well. A statistical evaluation of five paired wheat-grain samples from treated (biosolids-applied) fields and untreated (control) fields did not indicate any evidence that biosolids applications significantly (alpha = 0.05 or 0.10) increased concentration of any of these constituents in wheat grain. The wheat-grain concentrations from this study were similar to those from other studies for fields in North America where no biosolids were applied. The data for the limited crop samples indicate that biosolids applications are not increasing the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, sulfur, and zinc in mature wheat grain from the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Crock, J.G., Smith, D., Furlong, E.T., Hageman, P.L., Foreman, W., Gray, J.L., and ReVello, R., 2013, Effects of surface applications of biosolids on groundwater quality and trace-element concentrations in crops near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5065, vi, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135065.","productDescription":"vi, 119 p.","numberOfPages":"129","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-01","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5065/SIR13-5065.pdf"},{"id":276975,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5065/"},{"id":276977,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135065.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Deer Trail","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.5,38.75 ], [ -105.5,40.5 ], [ -103.0,40.5 ], [ -103.0,38.75 ], [ -105.5,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c6adae4b01458f78428f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hageman, Philip L. 0000-0002-3440-2150 phageman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","email":"phageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"ReVello, Rhiannon C. rcrevell@usgs.gov","contributorId":4128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReVello","given":"Rhiannon C.","email":"rcrevell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047672,"text":"70047672 - 2013 - Whole-body concentrations of elements in three fish species from offshore oil platforms and natural areas in the Southern California Bight, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:15:16","indexId":"70047672","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-19T09:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whole-body concentrations of elements in three fish species from offshore oil platforms and natural areas in the Southern California Bight, USA","docAbstract":"There is concern that offshore oil platforms off Southern California may be contributing to environmental contaminants accumulated by marine fishes. To examine this possibility, 18 kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus Girard, 1854), 80 kelp rockfish (Sebastes atrovirens Jordan and Gilbert, 1880), and 98 Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus Girard, 1854) were collected from five offshore oil platforms and 10 natural areas during 2005–2006 for whole-body analysis of 63\nelements. Forty-two elements were excluded from statistical comparisons as they (1) consisted of major cations that were unlikely to accumulate to potentially toxic concentrations; (2) were not detected by the analytical procedures; or (3) were detected at concentrations too low to yield reliable quantitative measurements. The remaining 21 elements consisted of aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, nickel, rubidium, selenium, strontium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. Statistical comparisons of these elements indicated that none consistently exhibited higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. However, the concentrations of copper, selenium, titanium, and vanadium in Pacific sanddab were unusual because small individuals exhibited either no differences between oil platforms and natural areas or significantly lower concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas, whereas large individuals exhibited significantly higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Miami - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science","publisherLocation":"Miami, FL","doi":"10.5343/bms.2012.1078","usgsCitation":"Love, M., Saiki, M.K., May, T.W., and Yee, J.L., 2013, Whole-body concentrations of elements in three fish species from offshore oil platforms and natural areas in the Southern California Bight, USA: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 89, no. 3, p. 717-734, https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2012.1078.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"734","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-039014","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.9997,32.3594 ], [ -120.9997,34.6082 ], [ -116.9182,34.6082 ], [ -116.9182,32.3594 ], [ -120.9997,32.3594 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136dfbe4b0b08f446198a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":74652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047339,"text":"70047339 - 2013 - Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T14:22:56","indexId":"70047339","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>)","docAbstract":"Limited information is available regarding the role of minerals and heavy metals in the morbidity and mortality of manatees. Whole-blood and serum mineral concentrations were evaluated in apparently healthy, free-ranging Florida (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>, <i>n</i> = 31) and Belize (<i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>, <i>n</i> = 14) manatees. Toxicologic statuses of the animals and of their environment had not been previously determined. Mean mineral whole-blood (WB) and serum values in Florida (FL) and Belize (BZ) manatees were determined, and evaluated for differences with respect to geographic location, relative age, and sex. Mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, and WB cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in BZ versus FL manatees (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Mean WB aluminum, calcium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, vanadium, and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in BZ versus FL manatees. Adult manatees had significant and higher mean WB aluminum, manganese, sodium, antimony, vanadium, and serum manganese and zinc concentrations compared to juvenile animals. Significant and lower mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, and serum copper and strontium concentrations were present in adults compared to juveniles (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Females had significant and higher mean WB nickel and serum barium compared to males (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Mean WB arsenic and zinc, and mean serum iron, magnesium, and zinc concentrations fell within toxic ranges reported for domestic species. Results reveal manatee blood mineral concentrations differ with location, age, and sex. Influence from diet, sediment, water, and anthropogenic sources on manatee mineral concentration warrant further investigation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2012-0093R.1","usgsCitation":"Siegal-Willott, J., Harr, K.E., Hall, J.O., Hayek, L.C., Auil-Gomez, N., Powell, J., Bonde, R.K., and Heard, D., 2013, Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 44, no. 2, p. 285-894, https://doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"894","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-037334","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275679,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb754fe4b04b00e3d78563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegal-Willott, J.","contributorId":106831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegal-Willott","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, Kendal E.","contributorId":14114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"Kendal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Jeffery O.","contributorId":51623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayek, Lee-Ann C.","contributorId":16730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayek","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Auil-Gomez, Nicole","contributorId":71463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auil-Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, James A.","contributorId":53514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heard, Darryl","contributorId":84247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"Darryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047284,"text":"dsDS709CC - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Parwan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter CC in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T09:40:27","indexId":"dsDS709CC","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T20:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"CC","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Parwan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter CC in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Parwan mineral district, which has gold and copper deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2006, 2007), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nelevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Parwan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into two overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The two image tiles (or quadrants) for the North Bamyan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (Data Series 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dsDS709CC","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey; This report is Chapter CC in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>. For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds709\" target=\"_blank\">Data Series 709</a>.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Parwan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter CC in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme Text; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata Files; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/dsDS709CC.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme Text; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata Files; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049057","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/dsds709cc.PNG"},{"id":275531,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/"},{"id":275536,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":275532,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/1_readme.txt"},{"id":275533,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":275534,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":275535,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/cc/metadata/metadata.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Parwan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 58.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d6e4b02e26443a9329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047262,"text":"ofr20131144 - 2013 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:45:43","indexId":"ofr20131144","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1144","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January to December 2012. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.\n\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and in M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2012, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported for previous time periods. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In 2012, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.\n\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 39-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the M. petalum community shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2012), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2012 is reflective of the species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2012 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of animals that consume the sediment, filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and brood their young. USGS scientists continue to observe the community’s response to the 2008 defaunation event because it allows them to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed in the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Thompson, J.K., Cain, D.J., Kleckner, A.E., Parcheso, F., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2013, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1144, vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131144.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131144.gif"},{"id":275489,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_tables.xlsx"},{"id":275490,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":275487,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/"},{"id":275488,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,36.75 ], [ -122.75,38.5 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -121.5,36.75 ], [ -122.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b28033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, Amy E. kleckner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Amy","email":"kleckner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047238,"text":"70047238 - 2013 - Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T13:39:37","indexId":"70047238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T10:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Chemical data from soil and weathered waste material samples collected from five uranium mines north of the Grand Canyon (three reclaimed, one mined but not reclaimed, and one never mined) were used in a screening-level risk analysis for the Arizona chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (<i>Dipodomys microps leucotis</i>); risks from radiation exposure were not evaluated. Dietary toxicity reference values were used to estimate soil-screening thresholds presenting risk to kangaroo rats. Sensitivity analyses indicated that body weight critically affected outcomes of exposed-dose calculations; juvenile kangaroo rats were more sensitive to the inorganic constituent toxicities than adult kangaroo rats. Species-specific soil-screening thresholds were derived for arsenic (137 mg/kg), cadmium (16 mg/kg), copper (1,461 mg/kg), lead (1,143 mg/kg), nickel (771 mg/kg), thallium (1.3 mg/kg), uranium (1,513 mg/kg), and zinc (731 mg/kg) using toxicity reference values that incorporate expected chronic field exposures. Inorganic contaminants in soils within and near the mine areas generally posed minimal risk to kangaroo rats. Most exceedances of soil thresholds were for arsenic and thallium and were associated with weathered mine wastes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Linder, G.L., Otton, J.K., Finger, S.E., Little, E.E., and Tillitt, D.E., 2013, Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 332-344, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-041377","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275433,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5"},{"id":275434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Kanab South Pipe;Kanab North Mine;Pigeon Mine;Hermit Mine;Hack Canyon Mine Complex","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.815578,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.175073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766 jhinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":2743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"jhinck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046778,"text":"sir20105090K - 2013 - Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70046778,"text":"sir20105090K - 2013 - Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","indexId":"sir20105090K","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T13:56:05","indexId":"sir20105090K","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"K","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collaborated with European geologists to assess resources in porphyry copper deposits in Europe, exclusive of Scandinavia (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland) and Russia. Porphyry copper deposits in Europe are Paleozoic and Late Cretaceous to Miocene in age. A number of the 31 known Phanerozoic deposits contain more than 1 million metric tons of contained copper, including the Majdanpek deposit, Serbia; Assarel, Bulgaria; Skouries, Greece; and Rosia Poeni, Romania. Five geographic areas were delineated as permissive tracts for post-Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits. Two additional tracts were delineated to show the extent of permissive igneous rocks associated with porphyry copper mineralization related to the Paleozoic Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. The tracts are based on mapped and inferred subsurface distributions of igneous rocks of specific age ranges that define areas where the occurrence of porphyry copper deposits within 1 kilometer of the Earth&rsquo;s surface is possible. These tracts range in area from about 4,000 to 93,000 square kilometers. Although maps at a variety of different scales were used in the assessment, the final tract boundaries are intended for use at a scale of 1:1,000,000.</p>\n<p>The post-Paleozoic deposits in Europe all formed in conjunction with the tectonic evolution of southern Europe as the former Tethyan Ocean closed by convergence of the African and Arabian Plates with Europe, accompanied by accretion of microcontinents to the southern Eurasian Plate and development and demise of magmatic arcs and ocean basins. Many of the deposits formed in extensional or post-collisional settings; these tectonic environments are increasingly being recognized as environments where porphyry copper deposits occur.</p>\n<p>Probabilistic estimates of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits were made for four Phanerozoic permissive tracts; the other tracts are discussed qualitatively. Assessment participants estimated numbers of undiscovered deposits at different levels of confidence for the four tracts. These estimates were then combined with grade and tonnage models using Monte Carlo simulation to generate probabilistic estimates of amounts of in-place undiscovered resources. Additional resources that may be present in extensions of known deposits were not evaluated. Assessment results are reported in tables and graphs as expected amounts of metal and rock in undiscovered deposits at different quantile levels, as well as the arithmetic mean for each commodity for each tract.</p>\n<p>This assessment estimated a mean of 14 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within the four permissive tracts for which estimates were made. On the basis of global grade and tonnage models, mean (arithmetic) estimated resources that could be associated with undiscovered deposits are about 46 million metric tons of copper and about 2,600 metric tons of gold, as well as byproduct molybdenum and silver. Reliable reported identified resources for the 27 deposits in the assessed areas total about 44 million metric tons of copper and about 2,300 metric tons of gold. Exploration for gold-rich porphyry systems is ongoing in some parts of historical copper mining districts in central Europe and in northwesternmost (European) Turkey. Political and social conflicts, environmental concerns associated with historical mining, and the global economic situation have had negative effects on exploration, development, and mining in Europe for many years.</p>\n<p>The assessment includes an overview with summary tables. Detailed descriptions of each tract, including the rationales for delineation and assessment, are given in appendixes A&ndash;G. Appendix H describes a geographic information system (GIS) that includes tract boundaries and point locations of known porphyry copper deposits and significant prospects.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090K","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau de Recheres Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), the Geological Institute of Romania, Charles University, and Dr. Duncan E. Large, Ph.D.","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D., Hammarstrom, J.M., Drew, L.J., Large, D.E., Berger, B.R., Dicken, C., DeMarr, M., with contributions from Billa, M., Briskey, J.A., Cassard, D., Lips, A., Pertold, Z., and Rosu, E., 2013, Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: xii, 197 p.; Tabloid Figures: 6 Sheets: 17 x 11 inches; GIS Package, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090K.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 197 p.; Tabloid Figures: 6 Sheets: 17 x 11 inches; GIS Package","numberOfPages":"214","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105090k.gif"},{"id":274466,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/k/sir2010-5090k_tabloid_figures.pdf","text":"Tabloid figures","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Tabloid figures","linkHelpText":"Six figures in the report are two-page spreads and are repeated here as single tabloid pages (figs. 1, B1, B2, C2, E1, and E2)"},{"id":274465,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/k/"},{"id":274468,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/k/GIS_SIR5090-K.zip","text":"GIS package","size":"20.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"GIS package"},{"id":274467,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/k/sir2010-5090k_text.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.5 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0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Large, Duncan 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W.","contributorId":64979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMarr","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"with contributions from Billa, Mario","contributorId":102773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"with contributions from Billa","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Briskey, Joseph A.","contributorId":77605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cassard, Daniel","contributorId":71860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassard","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lips, Andor","contributorId":84253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lips","given":"Andor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pertold, Zdenek","contributorId":7598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pertold","given":"Zdenek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rosu, Emilian","contributorId":36830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosu","given":"Emilian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70168465,"text":"70168465 - 2013 - Fall survival of American woodcock in the western Great Lakes Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T11:49:27","indexId":"70168465","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall survival of American woodcock in the western Great Lakes Region","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimated fall (10 Sep&ndash;8 Nov) survival rates, cause-specific mortality rates, and determined the magnitude and sources of mortality of 1,035 radio-marked American woodcock (</span><i>Scolopax minor</i><span>) in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin during 2001&ndash;2004. In all 3 states, we radio-marked woodcock on paired study areas; 1 of which was open to hunting and expected to receive moderate to high hunter use and the other of which was either closed to hunting (Michigan and Minnesota) or was relatively inaccessible to hunters (Wisconsin). We used Program MARK to estimate fall survival rates, to evaluate a set of candidate models to examine the effects of hunting and several covariates (sex, age, year, state) on survival, and to examine the relationship between survival rates and kill rates due to hunting. Hunting accounted for 70% of the 86 woodcock deaths in the hunted areas, followed by predation (20%) and various other sources of mortality (10%). Woodcock deaths that occurred in the non-hunted and lightly hunted areas (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;50) were caused by predators (46%), hunting (32%), and various other sources (22%). Based on small-sample corrected Akaike's Information Criterion values, variation in fall survival of woodcock was best explained by treatment (i.e., hunted vs. non-hunted), year, and period (pre-hunting season intervals vs. hunting season intervals). The average fall survival estimate from our best model for woodcock in the non-hunted areas (0.893, 95% CI&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.864&ndash;0.923) was greater than the average for the hunted areas (0.820, 95% CI&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.786&ndash;0.854 [this estimate includes data from the lightly hunted area in Wisconsin]), and the average treatment effect (i.e., greater survival rates in non-hunted areas) was 0.074 (95% CI&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.018&ndash;0.129). The kill rate due to hunting was 0.120 (95% CI&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.090&ndash;0.151) when data were pooled among states and years. We detected a negative relationship between hunting kill rates and survival in our hunted areas, which suggests that hunting mortality was at least partially additive during fall. Our results illustrate the influence of hunting relative to other sources of mortality in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, and indicate that managers may be able to influence fall survival rates by manipulating hunting regulations or access on public land.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.547","usgsCitation":"Bruggink, J.G., Oppelt, E.J., Doherty, K., Andersen, D., Jed Meunier, and Lutz, R.S., 2013, Fall survival of American woodcock in the western Great Lakes Region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 77, no. 5, p. 1021-1030, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.547.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1030","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032833","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","county":"Dickinson County, Lincoln County, Mille Lacs County","otherGeospatial":"Copper Country State Forest, Four Brooks Wildlife Management Area, Lincoln County Forest, Mille Lacs Wildlife Management Area, Tomahawk Timberland Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.75869750976562,\n              45.907211023476776\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.75869750976562,\n              46.08942422913245\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.42910766601562,\n              46.08942422913245\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.42910766601562,\n              45.907211023476776\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.75869750976562,\n              45.907211023476776\n            ]\n      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MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oppelt, Eileen J.","contributorId":166938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oppelt","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24575,"text":"Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Kevin","contributorId":166941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24577,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jed Meunier","contributorId":166939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jed Meunier","affiliations":[{"id":24576,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lutz, R. Scott","contributorId":166942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":24576,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046668,"text":"ofr20131128 - 2013 - Internal nutrient sources and nutrient distributions in Alviso Pond A3W, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:14:48","indexId":"ofr20131128","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1128","title":"Internal nutrient sources and nutrient distributions in Alviso Pond A3W, California","docAbstract":"Within the Alviso Salt Pond complex, California, currently undergoing avian-habitat restoration, pore-water profilers (U.S. Patent 8,051,727 B1) were deployed in triplicate at two contrasting sites in Pond A3W (“Inlet”, near the inflow, and “Deep”, near the middle of the pond; figs. 1 and 2; table 1, note that tables in this report are provided online only as a .xlsx workbook at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/). Deployments were conducted in 2010 and 2012 during the summer algal-growth season. Specifically, three deployments, each about 7 weeks apart, were undertaken each summer. This study provides the first measurements of the diffusive flux of nutrients across the interface between the pond bed and water column (that is, benthic nutrient flux). These nutrient fluxes are crucial to pond restoration efforts because they typically represent a major (if not the greatest) source of nutrients to the water column in both ponds and other lentic systems.\n\nFor soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP, the most biologically available form in solution), benthic flux was positive both years (that is, out of the sediment into the water column; table 2), with the exception of the August 2010 deployment, which exhibited nearly negligible but negative flux. Overall, the average SRP flux was significantly greater at Deep (23.9 ± 8.6 micromoles per square meter per hour (µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>); all errors shown reflect the 95-percent confidence interval) than Inlet (12.6 ± 4.9 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>). There was much greater temporal variability in SRP flux in the pond than reported for the lower estuary (Topping and others, 2001).\n\nFor dissolved ammonia, benthic flux was consistently positive on all six sampling trips, and similar to SRP, the fluxes at Deep (258 ± 49 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>) were consistently greater than those at Inlet (28 ± 11 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>). Dissolved ammonia fluxes reported for South San Francisco Bay by Topping and others (2001) fall in between these values. Once again, greater variability for benthic fluxes determined in the pond was observed relative to adjacent South San Francisco Bay. With the near absence of any measurable concentration gradient, dissolved-nitrate fluxes were consistently negligible in the pond.\n\nSilica fluxes are often used to represent sediment diagenetic processes that biogeochemically cycle silica (an important algal macronutrient) between biogenic and inorganic phases (Fanning and Pilson, 1974; Emerson and others, 1984). For South San Francisco Bay, those values are consistently positive from core-incubation experiments. In Pond A3W, dissolved-silica fluxes averaged 49 ± 25 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup> at Inlet and were much higher at Deep (482 ± 370 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>), similar to the spatially variability observed for SRP and dissolved ammonia. An elevated silica flux can stimulate diatom production and subsequent eutrophication effects. Variability in these silica fluxes is consistent with season patterns in pond primary productivity.\n\nOn the basis of comparisons of dissolved-oxygen flux measurements by profilers and core incubations, it appears that diffusive flux estimates for the sediment in this pond, as one might expected in such benthically productive environments, result in a significant underestimation of true sediment oxygen demand. Therefore, a core incubation experiment was conducted to better quantify the demand.\n\nTo complement these benthic-flux studies, a diurnal study of nutrient advective flux into and out of the pond was measured during neap and spring tides to provide comparative estimates for allochthonous solute transport (Garret, 2012). Using the two different tides as the probable upper and lower boundaries, we can estimate a range of probable values throughout the year. After converting this advective flux into kg/yr, we can compare it directly to benthic flux estimates for the pond extrapolated over the 2.27 square kilometer (km<sup>2</sup>) pond surface. Benthic flux of nitrogen species, averaged over all sites and dates, was about 80,000 kilograms per year (kg/yr), well above the adjective flux range of -50 to 1,500 kg/yr. By contrast, the average benthic flux of orthophosphate was about 12,000 kg/yr, well below the advective flux range of 21,500 to 30,000 kg/yr.\n\nInitial benthic flux estimates were also made for trace metals, including copper, nickel, iron, and manganese. These analyses indicated that the two sites, Inlet and Deep, have different pore-water profiles, with Inlet exhibiting much higher benthic flux estimates for nickel, iron, and manganese.\n\nThese initial benthic-flux values reported for macronutrients are particularly impressive in magnitude when one considers that diffusive flux of dissolved solutes based on pore-water profiles provides a conservative determination that may be enhanced by other biogeochemical processes. These enhancement processes (Boudreau and Jorgensen, 2001) include bioturbation, bioirrigation, wind resuspension, and potential groundwater inflows, some of which are captured in core-incubation experiments (Kuwabara and others, 2009). Hence, the values reported herein represent lower bounds to indicate the potential importance of such internal solute sources. The elevated diffusive fluxes for nutrients in the pond relative to the adjacent estuary indicate that vertical nutrient transport between the pond bed and water column is consistently an important (and at times the most important) source of nutrients that stimulate phytoplankton growth in the water column. One might therefore reasonably hypothesize that this benthic transport of biologically reactive solutes (both nutrients and toxicants) represents the most important step at the base of the food web for trophic transfer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Topping, B.R., Kuwabara, J.S., Garrett, K.K., Takekawa, J.Y., Parcheso, F., Piotter, S., Clearwater, I., and Shellenbarger, G., 2013, Internal nutrient sources and nutrient distributions in Alviso Pond A3W, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1128, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131128.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":633,"text":"Water Resources National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131128.gif"},{"id":274016,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/of2013-1128_tables.xlsx"},{"id":274014,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/"},{"id":274015,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/of2013-1128_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Jose","otherGeospatial":"Alviso","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0912,37.3685 ], [ -122.0912,37.5088 ], [ -121.8669,37.5088 ], [ -121.8669,37.3685 ], [ -122.0912,37.3685 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42212e4b03c77dce65a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, Krista K.","contributorId":54094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piotter, Sara","contributorId":43464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piotter","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clearwater, Iris","contributorId":97406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clearwater","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046420,"text":"ofr20131095 - 2013 - Groundwater quality in western New York, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T16:22:15","indexId":"ofr20131095","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1095","title":"Groundwater quality in western New York, 2011","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 16 production wells and 15 private residential wells in western New York from July through November 2011 were analyzed to characterize the groundwater quality. Fifteen of the wells were finished in sand and gravel aquifers, and 16 were finished in bedrock aquifers. Six of the 31 wells were sampled in a previous western New York study, which was conducted in 2006. Water samples from the 2011 study were analyzed for 147 physiochemical properties and constituents that included major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and indicator bacteria. Results of the water-quality analyses are presented in tabular form for individual wells, and summary statistics for specific constituents are presented by aquifer type. The results are compared with Federal and New York State drinking-water standards, which typically are identical. The results indicate that groundwater generally is of acceptable quality, although at 30 of the 31 wells sampled, at least one of the following constituents was detected at a concentration that exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards: pH (two samples), sodium (eight samples), sulfate (three samples), total dissolved solids (nine samples), aluminum (two samples), arsenic (one sample), iron (ten samples), manganese (twelve samples), radon-222 (sixteen samples), benzene (one sample), and total coliform bacteria (nine samples). Existing drinking-water standards for color, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc, gross alpha radioactivity, uranium, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and heterotrophic bacteria were not exceeded in any of the samples collected. None of the pesticides analyzed exceeded existing drinking-water standards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reddy, J.E., 2013, Groundwater quality in western New York, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1095, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131095.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-07-01","temporalEnd":"2011-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131095.gif"},{"id":273619,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1095/"},{"id":273620,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1095/pdf/ofr2013-1095_reddy_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.259088,40.495908 ], [ -74.259088,40.915241 ], [ -73.700272,40.915241 ], [ -73.700272,40.495908 ], [ -74.259088,40.495908 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dae4b03203c522b18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188806,"text":"70188806 - 2013 - Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T12:00:05.356788","indexId":"70188806","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit in southwestern Alaska, containing the largest gold resource of any known porphyry in the world, developed in a tectonic setting significantly different from that of the present-day. It is one of a series of metalliferous middle Cretaceous porphyritic granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and diorite bodies, evolved from lower crust and metasomatized lithospheric mantle melts, which formed along much of the length of the North American craton suture with the Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia arc. The porphyry deposits were emplaced within the northernmost two of a series of ca. 130 to 80 Ma flysch basins that define the suture, as well as into arc rocks immediately seaward of the two basins. Deposits include the ca. 100 to 90 Ma Pebble, Neacola, and other porphyry prospects along the Kahiltna basin-Peninsula terrane boundary, and the ca. 115 to 105 Ma Baultoff, Carl Creek, Horsfeld, Orange Hill, Bond Creek, and Chisna porphyries along the Nutzotin basin-Wrangellia terrane boundary.</p><p id=\"p-2\">The porphyry deposits probably formed along the craton margin more than 1,000 km to the south of their present latitude. Palinspastic reconstructions of plate kinematics from this period are particularly difficult because magmatism overlaps the 119 to 83 Ma Cretaceous Normal Superchron, a period when sea-floor magnetic data are lacking. Our favored scenario is that ore formation broadly overlaps the cessation of sedimentation and contraction and the transition to a transpressional continental margin regime, such that the remnant ocean basins were converted to strike-slip basins. The basins and outboard Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia composite superterrane, which are all located seaward of the deep crustal Denali-Farewell fault system, were subjected to northerly dextral transpression for as long as perhaps 50 m.y., beginning at ca. 95 ± 10 Ma. The onset of this transpression was marked by development of the mineralized bodies along fault segments on the seaward side of the basins.</p><p id=\"p-3\">Geochemical and radiogenic isotopic data for igneous rocks associated with the Pebble porphyry deposit suggest continuous melt derivation from enriched lithosphere of a recently metasomatized mantle. These geochemical characteristics, coupled with the arc-continent-related collisional setting, suggest that lithospheric thickening and postcollisional lithospheric melting are the most likely cause of the ore-related magmatism. Subsequent to translation of the Alaskan margin terranes and early Tertiary oroclinal bending of Alaska, the northernmost Kahiltna basin and the Pebble deposit, as well as the other porphyry systems, reached their present-day locations along southern Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.108.3.405","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., Anderson, E., and Hart, C., 2013, Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America: Economic Geology, v. 108, no. 3, p. 405-419, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.405.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"419","ipdsId":"IP-036827","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              54.265224078605684\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              50.84757295365389\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.90234375,\n              51.069016659603896\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.25390625,\n              64.47279382008166\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.576171875,\n              64.54844014422517\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              54.265224078605684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d29e4b062508e3c36dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":700450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":172766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Craig J.","contributorId":193430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70045746,"text":"sir20135054 - 2013 - Iron mineralogy and bioaccessibility of dust generated from soils as determined by reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic and chemical properties--Nellis Dunes recreational area, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T10:54:40","indexId":"sir20135054","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5054","title":"Iron mineralogy and bioaccessibility of dust generated from soils as determined by reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic and chemical properties--Nellis Dunes recreational area, Nevada","docAbstract":"Atmospheric mineral dust exerts many important effects on the Earth system, such as atmospheric temperatures, marine productivity, and melting of snow and ice. Mineral dust also can have detrimental effects on human health through respiration of very small particles and the leaching of metals in various organs. These effects can be better understood through characterization of the physical and chemical properties of dust, including certain iron oxide minerals, for their extraordinary radiative properties and possible effects on lung inflammation. Studies of dust from the Nellis Dunes recreation area near Las Vegas, Nevada, focus on characteristics of radiative properties (capacity of dust to absorb solar radiation), iron oxide mineral type and size, chemistry, and bioaccessibility of metals in fluids that simulate human gastric, lung, and phagolysosomal fluids. In samples of dust from the Nellis Dunes recreation area with median grain sizes of 2.4, 3.1, and 4.3 micrometers, the ferric oxide minerals goethite and hematite, at least some of it nanosized, were identified. In one sample, in vitro bioaccessibility experiments revealed high bioaccessibility of arsenic in all three biofluids and higher leachate concentration and bioaccessibility for copper, uranium, and vanadium in the simulated lung fluid than in the phagolysosomal fluid. The combination of methods used here to characterize mineral dust at the Nellis Dunes recreation area can be applied to global dust and broad issues of public health.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135054","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, H., Reynolds, R.L., Morman, S.A., Moskowitz, B., Kokaly, R., Goossens, D., Buck, B.J., Flagg, C., Till, J., Yauk, K., and Berquo, T.S., 2013, Iron mineralogy and bioaccessibility of dust generated from soils as determined by reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic and chemical properties--Nellis Dunes recreational area, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5054, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135054.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135054.gif"},{"id":271721,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5054/"},{"id":271722,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5054/SIR13-5054.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nellis Dunes Recreational Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01638888888888889,35.5 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -115.5,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -115.5,35.5 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837ce9e4b0a21483941a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L.","contributorId":32999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moskowitz, Bruce","contributorId":68629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moskowitz","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goossens, Dirk","contributorId":23419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goossens","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buck, Brenda J.","contributorId":85864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flagg, Cody","contributorId":21848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flagg","given":"Cody","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Till, Jessica","contributorId":108005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yauk, Kimberly","contributorId":75415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yauk","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Berquo, Thelma S.","contributorId":40106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berquo","given":"Thelma","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70045743,"text":"ds709Y - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ahankashan mineral district in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-01T21:37:12","indexId":"ds709Y","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"Y","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ahankashan mineral district in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Ahankashan mineral district, which has copper and gold deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2007,2008, 2009, 2010),but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (41 for Ahankashan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into five overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The five image tiles (or quadrants) for the Ahankashan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709Y","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ahankashan mineral district in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 10 Image Files; 10 Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709Y.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 10 Image Files; 10 Metadata; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709Y.png"},{"id":271700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/"},{"id":271701,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/1_readme.txt"},{"id":271702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":271703,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":271704,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":271705,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Ahankashan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b6be4b04bbc6ead2702","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509319,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045745,"text":"ds709BB - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the North Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-01T22:02:40","indexId":"ds709BB","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"BB","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the North Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the North Bamyan mineral district, which has copper deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2006,2007, 2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (42 for North Bamyan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into two overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The two image tiles (or quadrants) for the North Bamyan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709BB","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the North Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709BB.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709BB.jpg"},{"id":271716,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":271717,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":271718,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":271719,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":271714,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/"},{"id":271715,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"North Bamyan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b6ce4b04bbc6ead2706","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509321,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044150,"text":"70044150 - 2013 - Dietary bioavailability of Cu adsorbed to colloidal hydrous ferric oxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T09:44:09","indexId":"70044150","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary bioavailability of Cu adsorbed to colloidal hydrous ferric oxide","docAbstract":"The dietary bioavailability of copper (Cu) adsorbed to synthetic colloidal hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was evaluated from the assimilation of <sup>65</sup>Cu by two benthic grazers, a gastropod and a larval mayfly. HFO was synthesized, labeled with <sup>65</sup>Cu to achieve a Cu/Fe ratio comparable to that determined in naturally formed HFO, and then aged. The labeled colloids were mixed with a food source (the diatom Nitzschia palea) to yield dietary <sup>65</sup>Cu concentrations ranging from 211 to 2204 nmol/g (dry weight). Animals were pulse fed the contaminated diet and assimilation of <sup>65</sup>Cu from HFO was determined following 1–3 days of depuration. Mass transfer of <sup>65</sup>Cu from HFO to the diatom was less than 1%, indicating that HFO was the source of <sup>65</sup>Cu to the grazers. Estimates of assimilation efficiency indicated that the majority of Cu ingested as HFO was assimilated (values >70%), implying that colloidal HFO potentially represents a source of dietary Cu to benthic grazers, especially where there is active formation and infiltration of these particles into benthic substrates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es3044856","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M., and Fuller, C.C., 2013, Dietary bioavailability of Cu adsorbed to colloidal hydrous ferric oxide: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 6, p. 2869-2876, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3044856.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2869","endPage":"2876","ipdsId":"IP-044297","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271453,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3044856"}],"volume":"47","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a5066e4b072c16ef14b08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie-Noële","contributorId":22863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie-Noële","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045440,"text":"ds755 - 2013 - Quantitative determination of selenium and mercury, and an ICP-MS semi-quantitative scan of other elements in samples of eagle tissues collected from the Pacific Northwest--Summer 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T12:58:21","indexId":"ds755","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"755","title":"Quantitative determination of selenium and mercury, and an ICP-MS semi-quantitative scan of other elements in samples of eagle tissues collected from the Pacific Northwest--Summer 2011","docAbstract":"Eagle tissues from dead eagle carcasses were collected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel at various locations in the Pacific Northwest as part of a study to document the occurrence of metal and metalloid contaminants. A group of 182 eagle tissue samples, consisting of liver, kidney, brain, talon, feather, femur, humerus, and stomach contents, were quantitatively analyzed for concentrations of selenium and mercury by atomic absorption techniques, and for other elements by semi-quantitative scan with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. For the various tissue matrices analyzed by an ICP-MS semiquantitative scan, some elemental concentrations (micrograms per gram dry weight) were quite variable within a particular matrix; notable observations were as follows: lead concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 31 in femurs, 0.1 to 29 in humeri, 0.1 to 54 in talons, less than (<) 0.05 to 120 in livers, <0.05 to 34 in kidneys, and 0.05 to 8 in brains; copper concentrations ranged from 5 to 9 in feathers, 8 to 47 in livers, 7 to 43 in kidneys, and 7 to 28 in brains; cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 10 in kidneys. In stomach contents, concentrations of vanadium ranged from 0.08 to 5, chromium 2 to 34, manganese 1 to 57, copper 2 to 69, arsenic <0.05 to 6, rubidium 1 to 13, and barium <0.5 to 18. Selenium concentrations from highest to lowest based on the matrix mean were as follows: kidney, liver, feather, brain, stomach content, talon, femur, and humerus. For mercury, the highest to lowest concentrations were feather, liver, talon, brain, stomach content, femur, and humerus.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds755","usgsCitation":"May, T., Walther, M., and Brumbaugh, W., 2013, Quantitative determination of selenium and mercury, and an ICP-MS semi-quantitative scan of other elements in samples of eagle tissues collected from the Pacific Northwest--Summer 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 755, iii, 3 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds755.","productDescription":"iii, 3 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-06-21","temporalEnd":"2011-09-22","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds755.gif"},{"id":270995,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/755/ds755_web.pdf"},{"id":270996,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/755/downloads/ds755_tables.xls"},{"id":270994,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/755/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7857,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dae4b00154e4368b67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Thomas","contributorId":39259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walther, Mike","contributorId":9137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William","contributorId":48462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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