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Genetic bottleneck effects can reduce genetic variation, persistence probability, and evolutionary potential of populations. Previous microsatellite analysis suggested a bottleneck associated with a common founding of sock-eye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka populations of Lake Clark, Alaska, about 100 to 400 generations ago. The common foundingevent occurred after the last glacial recession and resulted in reduced allelic diversity and strong divergence of Lake Clarksockeye salmon relative to neighboring Six Mile Lake and LakeIliamna populations. Here we used two additional genetic marker types (allozymes and mtDNA) to examine these patterns further. Allozyme and mtDNA results were congruent with the microsatellite data in suggesting a common founder event in LakeClark sockeye salmon and confirmed the divergence of Lake Clarkpopulations from neighboring Six Mile Lake and Lake Iliamna populations. The use of multiple marker types provided better understanding of the bottleneck in Lake Clark. For example, the Sucker Bay Lake population had an exceptionally severe reduction in allelic diversity at microsatellite loci, but not at mtDNA. This suggests that the reduced microsatellite variation in Sucker Bay Lake fish is due to consistently smaller effective population size than other Lake Clark populations, rather than a more acute or additional bottleneck since founding. Caution is urged in using reduced heterozygosity as a measure of genetic bottleneck effects because stochastic variance among loci resulted in an overall increase in allozyme heterozygosity within bottlenecked Lake Clark populations. However, heterozygosity excess, which assesses heterozygosity relative to allelic variation, detected genetic bottleneck effects in both allozyme and microsatellite loci. 

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Ramstad, K.M., Woody, C.A., Habicht, C., Sage, G.K., Seeb, J.E., and Allendorf, F., 2007, Concordance of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers in detecting a founder event in Lake Clark sockeye salmon: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 31-50.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f1bee4b07dd077c699ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramstad, Kristina M.","contributorId":172547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramstad","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Habicht, Chris","contributorId":172549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Habicht","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seeb, James E.","contributorId":87003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":83432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred W.","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174196,"text":"70174196 - 2007 - Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T10:59:37","indexId":"70174196","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","docAbstract":"

We performed nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon stable isotope analysis (SIA) on maturing and juvenile anadromous sockeye and coho salmon, and periphyton in two Copper River delta watersheds of Alaska to trace salmonderived nutrients during 2003–2004. Maturing salmon were isotopically enriched relative to alternate freshwater N, S, and C sources as expected, with differences consistent with species trophic level differences, and minor system, sex, and year-to-year differences, enabling use of SIA to trace these salmon-derived nutrients. Periphyton naturally colonized, incubated, and collected using Wildco Periphtyon Samplers in and near spawning sites was 34S- and 15N-enriched, as expected, and at all freshwater sites was 13C-depleted. At nonspawning and coho-only sites, periphyton 34S and 15N was generally low. However, 34S was low enough at some sites to be suggestive of sulfate reduction, complicating the use of S isotopes. Juvenile salmon SIA ranged in values consistent with using production derived from re-mineralization as well as direct utilization, but only by a minority fraction of coho salmon. Dependency on salmon-derived nutrients ranged from relatively high to relatively low, suggesting a space-limited system. No one particular isotope was found to be superior for determining the relative importance of salmon-derived nutrients.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Kline, T.C., Woody, C.A., Bishop, M.A., Powers, S.P., and Knudsen, E.E., 2007, Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 51-60.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f1a3e4b07dd077c69840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kline, Thomas C.","contributorId":140867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kline","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13600,"text":"Prince William Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Mary Anne","contributorId":10698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Sean P.","contributorId":138867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12554,"text":"University of South Alabama and Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174197,"text":"70174197 - 2007 - Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T16:24:19","indexId":"70174197","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data","docAbstract":"

Fish escapement is generally monitored using nonreplicated systematic sampling designs (e.g., via visual counts from towers or hydroacoustic counts). These sampling designs support a variety of methods for estimating the variance of the total escapement. Unfortunately, all the methods give biased results, with the magnitude of the bias being determined by the underlying process patterns. Fish escapement commonly exhibits positive autocorrelation and nonlinear patterns, such as diurnal and seasonal patterns. For these patterns, poor choice of variance estimator can needlessly increase the uncertainty managers have to deal with in sustaining fish populations. We illustrate the effect of sampling design and variance estimator choice on variance estimates of total escapement for anadromous salmonids from systematic samples of fish passage. Using simulated tower counts of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka escapement on the Kvichak River, Alaska, five variance estimators for nonreplicated systematic samples were compared to determine the least biased. Using the least biased variance estimator, four confidence interval estimators were compared for expected coverage and mean interval width. Finally, five systematic sampling designs were compared to determine the design giving the smallest average variance estimate for total annual escapement. For nonreplicated systematic samples of fish escapement, all variance estimators were positively biased. Compared to the other estimators, the least biased estimator reduced bias by, on average, from 12% to 98%. All confidence intervals gave effectively identical results. Replicated systematic sampling designs consistently provided the smallest average estimated variance among those compared.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, J.H., Woody, C.A., Gove, N.E., and Fair, L.F., 2007, Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 121-129.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f20de4b07dd077c69e30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Joel H.","contributorId":140498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gove, Nancy E.","contributorId":172554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gove","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fair, Lowell F.","contributorId":172555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fair","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030068,"text":"70030068 - 2007 - Proximate composition, energetic value, and relative abundance of prey fish from the inshore eastern Bering Sea: Implications for piscivorous predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T20:08:52","indexId":"70030068","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximate composition, energetic value, and relative abundance of prey fish from the inshore eastern Bering Sea: Implications for piscivorous predators","docAbstract":"

Changing ocean conditions and subsequent shifts in forage fish communities have been linked to numerical declines of some piscivorous marine birds and mammals in the North Pacific. However, limited information about fish communities is available for some regions, including nearshore waters of the eastern Bering Sea, where many piscivores reside. We determined proximate composition and energetic value of a suite of potential forage fish collected from an estuary on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, during 2002 and 2003. Across species, energy density ranged from 14.5 to 20.7 kJ g−1 dry mass and varied primarily as a function of lipid content. Total energy content was strongly influenced by body length and we provide species-specific predictive models of total energy based on this relationship; some models may be improved further by incorporating year and date effects. Based on observed energetic differences, we conclude that variation in fish size, quantity, and species composition of the prey community could have important consequences for piscivorous predators.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-006-0227-1","issn":"07224060","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., Esler, D., and Schmutz, J.A., 2007, Proximate composition, energetic value, and relative abundance of prey fish from the inshore eastern Bering Sea: Implications for piscivorous predators: Polar Biology, v. 30, no. 6, p. 699-708, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0227-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"708","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0227-1"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fbae4b0c8380cd7f912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.R.","contributorId":76136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174209,"text":"70174209 - 2007 - Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:43:55","indexId":"70174209","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5116,"text":"California Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach","docAbstract":"

Fire risk models are widely utilized to mitigate wildfire hazards, but models are often based on expert opinions of less understood fire-ignition and spread processes. In this study, we used an empirically derived weights-of-evidence model to assess what factors produce fire ignitions east of San Diego, California. We created and validated a dynamic model of fire-ignition risk based on land characteristics and existing fire-ignition history data, and predicted ignition risk for a future urbanization scenario. We then combined our empirical ignition-risk model with a fuzzy fire behavior-risk model developed by wildfire experts to create a hybrid model of overall fire risk. We found that roads influence fire ignitions and that future growth will increase risk in new rural development areas. We conclude that empirically derived risk models and hybrid models offer an alternative method to assess current and future fire risk based on management actions.

","language":"English","publisher":"California Geographical Society","usgsCitation":"Kolden, C.A., and Weigel, T.J., 2007, Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach: California Geographer, v. 47, p. 42-60.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f222e4b07dd077c69fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, Timothy J.","contributorId":172572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174212,"text":"70174212 - 2007 - New technologies at the Desert Research Institute make a difference in wildland fire management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-14T08:33:35","indexId":"70174212","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5117,"text":"Wildland Firefighter","printIssn":"1086-3982","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New technologies at the Desert Research Institute make a difference in wildland fire management","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","issn":"10863982","usgsCitation":"Brown, T.J., and Kolden, C.A., 2007, New technologies at the Desert Research Institute make a difference in wildland fire management: Wildland Firefighter, v. 11, no. 9, p. 28-32.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2a2e4b07dd077c6a7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Timothy J.","contributorId":172571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174216,"text":"70174216 - 2007 - Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T14:39:55","indexId":"70174216","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"MMM 2007-002","title":"Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual","docAbstract":"

Reproduction in the female sea otter, Enhydra lutris, was relatively unstudied until Sinha et al. (1966) examined 140 reproductive tracts collected 1955-62 and used their findings to describe sea otter reproductive anatomy and biology. Two years later Sinha and Conaway (1968) published a more detailed paper on the ovary of the sea otter. These descriptive papers have been used as the basis for all subsequent studies of sea otter reproductive tracts.

\n

During biological collections of sea otters in the 1960s and 70s a large number of female carcasses became available to wildlife biologists. Using Sinha’s research, Schneider (1973) analyzed 1,482 female reproductive tracts to determine the timing of reproduction, gestation period, age of sexual maturity, fetal sex ratio and growth rate of otters in the Aleutian Islands. A similar study was conducted by Bodkin et al. (1993) on a sample of 177 females collected after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Recently (von Biela 2007) examined 134 reproductive tracts obtained from beachcast and harvested otters across the three Alaskan population stocks as part of a Master’s thesis.

\n

As with most life history data, comparisons among and within populations that differ in status relative to equilibrium densities provide useful data with which to test hypotheses about the cause and effects of changes in demographic rates such as reproductive rate. However, in order to make such comparisons, methods used in different periods must be comparable. The purpose of this manual is to explicitly describe how to collect and analyze sea otter reproductive tracts for the determination of reproductive rate, pregnancy rate, percentage of mature females, and timing of reproduction so that the data will be directly comparable to that collected in the past. The techniques presented in this manual have been used to study sea otter populations over the last 50 years, and maintaining such consistency is essential to comparisons in the future.

\n

This manual is based on the methods of previous researchers and draws heavily on the published and unpublished works of James Bodkin, Karl Kenyon, Calvin Lensink, Daniel Mulcahy, Karl Schneider, and Akhouri Sinha. Most invaluable to the production of this manual were the direct communications with Karl Schneider and Dan Mulcahy. In each instance, researchers have communicated with each other to attain comparable methods. Recognizing that researchers in the future may not have this luxury, this guide has been produced to preserve the technique. In addition to using this manual, researchers should consult with colleagues experienced in the analysis of mammalian reproductive tracts, preferably specific to sea otters. Individuals are encouraged to contact V. von Biela with any questions.

\n

Sea otter reproductive tracts have most commonly come from either intentional sampling through harvests (Sinah et al. 1966, Schneider 1975) or unintentional large scale mortalities (e.g. the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill) (Bodkin et al. 1993). Carcasses and reproductive tracts can also be obtained through the collection of fresh beach cast carcasses. Analysis of reproductive tracts should consider the source of carcasses as samples representing either the “living” or “dead” sea otter population, as they may differ in reproductive parameters. In most cases the reproductive tracts are fixed in formalin or frozen (minimum of –20˚C) immediately after collection; both methods are acceptable for later analysis of the tissue. Immediate fixation is preferred as it is a necessary step in analysis. Uteri and ovaries are then examined to determine the current and past reproductive history of each individual. This manual also includes an example datasheet (Appendix A) and glossary (Appendix B). 

","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammals Management","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., and Gill, V., 2007, Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual: Technical Report MMM 2007-002, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f19de4b07dd077c697d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Verena A.","contributorId":140658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Verena A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174220,"text":"70174220 - 2007 - Signatures of mountain building: Detrital zircon U/Pb ages from northeast Tibet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T15:38:46","indexId":"70174220","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Signatures of mountain building: Detrital zircon U/Pb ages from northeast Tibet","docAbstract":"

Although detrital zircon has proven to be a powerful tool for determining provenance, past work has focused primarily on delimiting regional source terranes. Here we explore the limits of spatial resolution and stratigraphic sensitivity of detrital zircon in ascertaining provenance, and we demonstrate its ability to detect source changes for terranes separated by only a few tens of kilometers. For such an analysis to succeed for a given mountain, discrete intrarange source terranes must have unique U/Pb zircon age signatures and sediments eroded from the range must have well-defined depositional ages. Here we use ∼1400 single-grain U/Pb zircon ages from northeastern Tibet to identify and analyze an area that satisfies these conditions. This analysis shows that the edges of intermontane basins are stratigraphically sensitive to discrete, punctuated changes in local source terranes. By tracking eroding rock units chronologically through the stratigraphic record, this sensitivity permits the detection of the differential rock uplift and progressive erosion that began ca. 8 Ma in the Laji Shan, a 10-25-km-wide range in northeastern Tibet with a unique U/Pb age signature.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G23057A.1","issn":"0091-7613","usgsCitation":"Lease, R.O., Burbank, D.W., Gehrels, G.E., Wang, Z., and Yuan, D., 2007, Signatures of mountain building: Detrital zircon U/Pb ages from northeast Tibet: Geology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23057A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2c9e4b07dd077c6aa7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burbank, Douglas W.","contributorId":44214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbank","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehrels, George E.","contributorId":59795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Zhicai","contributorId":172595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Zhicai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yuan, Daoyang","contributorId":172596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuan","given":"Daoyang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175938,"text":"70175938 - 2007 - Evaluating the genetic relationships of the Mentasta and Nelchina caribou herds in Southcentral Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:54:00","indexId":"70175938","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating the genetic relationships of the Mentasta and Nelchina caribou herds in Southcentral Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 11th North American Caribou Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"11th North American Caribou Workshop","conferenceDate":"24-27 April, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Jasper, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Nordic Council for Reindeer Research","publisherLocation":"Tromsø, Norway","doi":"10.7557/2.27.4.312","usgsCitation":"Nordic Council for Reindeer Research, 2007, Evaluating the genetic relationships of the Mentasta and Nelchina caribou herds in Southcentral Alaska, in Proceedings of 11th North American Caribou Workshop, no. 17, Jasper, Alberta, Canada, 24-27 April, 2006, https://doi.org/10.7557/2.27.4.312.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.27.4.312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc2265e4b03fd6b7de1797"} ,{"id":70174103,"text":"70174103 - 2007 - Population ecology of seabirds in Cook Inlet: Chapter 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T16:09:21","indexId":"70174103","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","subchapterNumber":"8","title":"Population ecology of seabirds in Cook Inlet: Chapter 8","docAbstract":"

[No abstract available]

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Long-Term Ecological Change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Burlington","isbn":"9780444529602","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Harding, A., 2007, Population ecology of seabirds in Cook Inlet: Chapter 8, chap. 4 of Long-Term Ecological Change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska, p. 335-352.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e33e4b07657d1a819c0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spies, Robert B.","contributorId":146523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spies","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640910,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, Ann","contributorId":172489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030203,"text":"70030203 - 2007 - Young cumulate complex beneath Veniaminof caldera, Aleutian arc, dated by zircon in erupted plutonic blocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-07T11:19:17.056569","indexId":"70030203","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Young cumulate complex beneath Veniaminof caldera, Aleutian arc, dated by zircon in erupted plutonic blocks","docAbstract":"

Mount Veniaminof volcano, Alaska Peninsula, provides an opportunity to relate Quaternary volcanic rocks to a coeval intrusive complex. Veniaminof erupted tholeiitic basalt through dacite in the past ∼260 k.y. Gabbro, diorite, and miarolitic granodiorite blocks, ejected 3700 14C yr B.P. in the most recent caldera-forming eruption, are fragments of a shallow intrusive complex of cumulate mush and segregated vapor-saturated residual melts. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses define 238U-230Th isochron ages of 17.6 ± 2.7 ka, 5 +11/–10 ka, and 10.2 ± 4.0 ka (2σ) for zircon in two granodiorites and a diorite, respectively. Sparse zircons from two gabbros give 238U-230Th model ages of 36 ± 8 ka and 26 ± 7 ka. Zircons from granodiorite and diorite crystallized in the presence of late magmatic aqueous fluid. Although historic eruptions have been weakly explosive Strombolian fountaining and small lava effusions, the young ages of plutonic blocks, as well as late Holocene dacite pumice, are evidence that the intrusive complex remains active and that evolved magmas can segregate at shallow levels to fuel explosive eruptions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G23446A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Sison, T., and Mazdab, F., 2007, Young cumulate complex beneath Veniaminof caldera, Aleutian arc, dated by zircon in erupted plutonic blocks: Geology, v. 35, no. 6, p. 491-494, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23446A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.5525656773322,\n 56.97163681725252\n ],\n [\n -168.5525656773322,\n 52.912345760498624\n ],\n [\n -158.46493896188815,\n 52.912345760498624\n ],\n [\n -158.46493896188815,\n 56.97163681725252\n ],\n [\n -168.5525656773322,\n 56.97163681725252\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd24ee4b08c986b32f739","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sison, T.W.","contributorId":60436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sison","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazdab, F.K.","contributorId":11650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030204,"text":"70030204 - 2007 - Regional magnetic anomalies, crustal strength, and the location of the northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030204","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional magnetic anomalies, crustal strength, and the location of the northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt","docAbstract":"The northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt in Canada and Alaska is at the boundary between the broad continental margin mobile belt and the stable North American craton. The fold-and-thrust belt is marked by several significant changes in geometry: cratonward extensions in the central Yukon Territory and northeastern Alaska are separated by marginward re-entrants. These geometric features of the Cordilleran mobile belt are controlled by relations between lithospheric strength and compressional tectonic forces developed along the continental margin. Regional magnetic anomalies indicate deep thermal and compositional characteristics that contribute to variations in crustal strength. Our detailed analysis of one such anomaly, the North Slope deep magnetic high, helps to explain the geometry of the fold-and-thrust front in northern Alaska. This large magnetic anomaly is inferred to reflect voluminous mafic magmatism in an old (Devonian?) extensional domain. The presence of massive amounts of malic material in the lower crust implies geochemical depletion of the underlying upper mantle, which serves to strengthen the lithosphere against thermal erosion by upper mantle convection. We infer that deep-source magnetic highs are an important indicator of strong lower crust and upper mantle. This stronger lithosphere forms buttresses that play an important role in the structural development of the northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt. ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G23470A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Hudson, T.L., 2007, Regional magnetic anomalies, crustal strength, and the location of the northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt: Geology, v. 35, no. 6, p. 567-570, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23470A.1.","startPage":"567","endPage":"570","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211824,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23470A.1"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a538e4b0e8fec6cdbd96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035633,"text":"70035633 - 2007 - Crustal structure of the Alaska Range orogen and Denali fault along the Richardson Highway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T12:21:41.669031","indexId":"70035633","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the Alaska Range orogen and Denali fault along the Richardson Highway","docAbstract":"

A suite of geophysical data obtained along the Richardson Highway crosses the eastern Alaska Range and Denali fault and reveals the crustal structure of the orogen. Strong seismic reflections from within the orogen north of the Denali fault dip as steeply as 25° north and extend downward to depths between 20 and 25 km. These reflections reveal what is probably a shear zone that transects most of the crust and is part of a crustal-scale duplex structure that probably formed during the Late Cretaceous. These structures, however, appear to be relict because over the past 20 years, they have produced little or no seismicity despite the nearby Mw = 7.9 Denali fault earthquake that struck in 2002. The Denali fault is nonreflective, but we interpret modeled magnetotelluric (MT), gravity, and magnetic data to propose that the fault dips steeply to vertically. Modeling of MT data shows that aftershocks of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake occurred above a rock body that has low electrical resistivity (>10 ohm-m), which might signify the presence of fluids in the middle and lower crust.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.2431(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Pellerin, L., Nokleberg, W., Ratchkovski, N.A., and Glen, J., 2007, Crustal structure of the Alaska Range orogen and Denali fault along the Richardson Highway: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 431, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(03).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"431","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fceee4b0c8380cd4e513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, L.","contributorId":94073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratchkovski, N. A.","contributorId":53995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratchkovski","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glen, J.M.G.","contributorId":38330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"J.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035632,"text":"70035632 - 2007 - Upper triassic continental margin strata of the central alaska range: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T12:18:42.313193","indexId":"70035632","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper triassic continental margin strata of the central alaska range: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction","docAbstract":"

Remnants of a Late Triassic continental margin and ocean basin are scattered across central and southern Alaska. Little is known about the fundamental nature of the margin because most remnants have not been studied in detail and a protracted period of terrane accretion and margin-parallel translation has disrupted original stratigraphic and structural relationships.

\n

Three new conodont collections were recovered from a sequence of Upper Triassic calcareous sedimentary rocks in the central Alaska Range. One of the three localities is north of the Denali fault system in an area previously thought to be underlain by an uninterrupted sequence of metamorphic rocks of the parautochthonous Yukon-Tanana terrane. Structural relations in the immediate vicinity of this conodont locality indicate that mid-Cretaceous(?) thrust faulting imbricated Paleozoic metaigneous rocks with the Triassic sedimentary rocks. This may reflect a closer pre-Cretaceous relationship between the Yukon-Tanana terrane and Late Triassic shelf and slope deposits than previously appreciated.

\n

Reexamination of existing conodont collections from the central Alaska Range indicates that Upper Triassic marine slope and basin rocks range in age from at least as old as the late Carnian to the early middle Norian. The conodont assemblages typical of these rocks are generally cosmopolitan and do not define a distinct paleogeographic faunal realm. One collection, however, containsEpigondolella multidentata sensu Orchard 1991c, which appears to be restricted to western North American autochthonous rocks. Although paleogeographic relations cannot be determined with specificity, the present distribution of biofaces within the Upper Triassic sequence could not have been the result of simple accordion-style collapse of the Late Triassic margin.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.2431(08)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Till, A., Harris, A., Wardlaw, B.R., and Mullen, M., 2007, Upper triassic continental margin strata of the central alaska range: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 431, p. 191-205, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(08).","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"205","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"431","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd5fe4b08c986b328fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Till, A.B.","contributorId":37755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullen, M.","contributorId":101486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030545,"text":"70030545 - 2007 - Glacier mass-balance fluctuations in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030545","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Glacier mass-balance fluctuations in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The more than 40 year record of net and seasonal mass-balance records from measurements made by the United States Geological Survey on South Cascade Glacier, Washington, and Wolverine and Gulkana Glaciers, Alaska, shows annual and interannual fluctuations that reflect changes in the controlling climatic conditions at regional and global scales. As the mass-balance record grows in length, it is revealing significant changes in previously described glacier mass-balance behavior, and both inter-glacier and glacier-climate relationships. South Cascade and Wolverine Glaciers are strongly affected by the warm and wet maritime climate of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Their net balances have generally been controlled by winter accumulation, with fluctuations that are strongly related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Recently, warm dry summers have begun to dominate the net balance of the two maritime glaciers, with a weakening of the correlation between the winter balance fluctuations and the PDO. Non-synchronous periods of positive and negative net balance for each glacier prior to 1989 were followed by a 1989-2004 period of synchronous and almost exclusively negative net balances that averaged -0.8 m for the three glaciers.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","language":"English","doi":"10.3189/172756407782871314","issn":"02603","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., Bidlake, W.R., March, R., and Kennedy, B., 2007, Glacier mass-balance fluctuations in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, USA, in Annals of Glaciology, v. 46, p. 291-296, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871314.","startPage":"291","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477159,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871314","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871314"}],"volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2917e4b0c8380cd5a687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bidlake, W. R.","contributorId":28953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidlake","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"March, R.S.","contributorId":16431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, B.W.","contributorId":78772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175149,"text":"70175149 - 2007 - USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-01T12:38:38","indexId":"70175149","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States","docAbstract":"

The growth in the use of Geographic \u0018nformation Systems (G\u0018S) has highlighted the need for regional and national digital geologic maps attributed with age and rock type information. Such spatial data can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for purposes that include mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, human health and environmental research. \u0018n 1997, the United States Geological Survey’s Mineral Resources Program initiated an effort to develop national digital databases for use in mineral resource and environmental assessments. One primary activity of this effort was to compile a national digital geologic map database, utilizing state geologic maps, to support mineral resource studies in the range of 1:250,000- to 1:1,000,000-scale. Over the course of the past decade, state databases were prepared using a common standard for the database structure, fields, attributes, and data dictionaries. As of late 2006, standardized geological map databases for all conterminous (CONUS) states have been available on-line as USGS Open-File Reports. For Alaska and Hawaii, new state maps are being prepared, and the preliminary work for Alaska is being released as a series of 1:500,000-scale regional compilations. See below for a list of all published databases.

","conferenceTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques '06","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, S.W., Stoeser, D.B., Wilson, F.H., Dicken, C., and Ludington, S., 2007, USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States, Digital Mapping Techniques '06, Columbus, OH, June 11-14, 2006, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/Nicholson.pdf","text":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/Nicholson.pdf","size":"18KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072c0e4b060ce18fb2e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, Douglas B. dstoeser@usgs.gov","contributorId":1821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"Douglas","email":"dstoeser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dicken, Connie L. cdicken@usgs.gov","contributorId":4714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie L.","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035277,"text":"70035277 - 2007 - WSR-88D observations of volcanic ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035277","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"WSR-88D observations of volcanic ash","docAbstract":"Conclusions that may impact operations are summarized below: ??? Current VCPs may not be optimal for the scharacterization of volcanic events. Therefore, the development of a new VCP that combines the enhanced low level elevation density and increased temporal resolution of VCP 12 with the enhanced sensitivity of VCP 31. ??? Given currently available scan strategies, this preliminary investigation would suggest that it is advisable to use VCP 12 during the initial explosive phase of an eruptive event. Once the maximum reflectivity has dropped below 30 dBZ, VCP 31 should be used. ??? This study clearly indicates that WSR-88D Level II data offers many advantages over Level III data currently available in Alaska. The ability to access this data would open up greater opportunities for research. Given the proximity of WSR-88D platforms to active volcanoes in Alaska, as well as in the western Lower 48 states and Hawaii, radar data will likely play a major operational role when volcanic eruptions again pose a threat to life and property. The utilization of this tool to its maximum capability is vital.","largerWorkTitle":"87th AMS Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"87th AMS Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"14 January 2007 through 18 January 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wood, J., Scott, C., and Schneider, D., 2007, WSR-88D observations of volcanic ash, in 87th AMS Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, 14 January 2007 through 18 January 2007.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3b3e4b08c986b32b329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, J.","contributorId":105039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, C.","contributorId":92507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, D.","contributorId":52752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174300,"text":"70174300 - 2007 - Adjusting for telemetry bias in behavior data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:50:34","indexId":"70174300","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Adjusting for telemetry bias in behavior data","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Alaska Chapter of the American Statistical Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Annual Meeting of the Alaska Chapter of the American Statistical Association","conferenceDate":"July 24-26, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Statistical Association","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Jay, C.V., Fischbach, A.S., and Garlich-Miller, J.L., 2007, Adjusting for telemetry bias in behavior data, in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Alaska Chapter of the American Statistical Association, Anchorage, AK, July 24-26, 2007.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d2de4b0ef4d2f45fa92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel L.","contributorId":10696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175134,"text":"70175134 - 2007 - Geologic map of the Siksikpuk River area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:32:33","indexId":"70175134","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"DGGS PIR 2007-1","title":"Geologic map of the Siksikpuk River area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Department of Natural Resources","doi":"10.14509/15757","usgsCitation":"Peapples, P., Wallace, W.K., Wartes, M.A., Swenson, R., Mull, C.G., Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, E., Finzel, E., Reifenstuhl, R., and Loveland, A., 2007, Geologic map of the Siksikpuk River area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska, 56.00 x 40.00 in, https://doi.org/10.14509/15757.","productDescription":"56.00 x 40.00 in","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70175134.GIF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandler Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.75527954101562,\n 68.34350018861753\n ],\n [\n -152.48611450195312,\n 68.33640386797852\n ],\n [\n -152.71820068359375,\n 68.1710445525738\n ],\n [\n -152.81707763671875,\n 68.19656237649556\n ],\n [\n -152.75527954101562,\n 68.34350018861753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072b3e4b060ce18fb2d9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peapples, P.R.","contributorId":173281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peapples","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, W. K.","contributorId":31781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wartes, Marwan A.","contributorId":47476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wartes","given":"Marwan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swenson, R.F.","contributorId":173282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mull, C. G.","contributorId":40220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, E. E.","contributorId":24328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finzel, E.S.","contributorId":79332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finzel","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reifenstuhl, R.R.","contributorId":84182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifenstuhl","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Loveland, A.M.","contributorId":173283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loveland","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70174837,"text":"70174837 - 2007 - Inventory of montane-nesting birds in Katmai and Lake Clark national parks and preserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T09:04:12","indexId":"70174837","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Inventory of montane-nesting birds in Katmai and Lake Clark national parks and preserves","docAbstract":"

As part of the National Park Service’s Inventory and Monitoring Program, biologists from the U. S. Geological Survey’s Alaska Science Center conducted an inventory of birds in montane regions of Katmai and Lake Clark National Parks and Preserves during 2004–2006. We used a stratified random survey design to allocate samples by ecological subsection. To survey for birds, we conducted counts at 468 points across 29, 10-km x 10-km (6.2-mi x 6.2-mi) sample plots in Katmai and 417 points across 25, 10-km x 10-km sample plots in Lake Clark. We detected 92 and 104 species in Katmai and Lake Clark, respectively, including 40 species of conservation concern. We detected three species not previously recorded in Katmai (Ring-necked Duck [Aythya collaris], Lesser Scaup [Aythya affinis], and White-tailed Ptarmigan [Lagopus leucurus]) and two species not previously recorded in Lake Clark (Northern Flicker [Colaptes auratus ] and Olive-sided Flycatcher [Contopus cooperi]). The most commonly detected species in both parks was Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla); Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) and American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) were abundant and widely-distributed as well. We defined sites as low (100–350 m), middle (351–600 m), or high (601–1,620 m) elevation based on the distribution of vegetation cover, and similarly categorized the 34 most-commonly detected species based on the mean elevation of sample points at which they were detected. High elevation (i.e., alpine) sites were characterized by high percent cover of dwarf shrub and bare ground habitat and supported species like Rock Ptarmigan (L. mutus), American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica), Wandering Tattler (Tringa incana), Surfbird (Aphriza virgata), and Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis), all species of conservation concern. This inventory represents the first systematic survey of birds nesting in montane regions of both parks. Results from this inventory can form the foundation of subsequent monitoring efforts

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publisher":"USGS Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., Tibbitts, T.L., Gill, R., and Handel, C.M., 2007, Inventory of montane-nesting birds in Katmai and Lake Clark national parks and preserves, 101 p.","productDescription":"101 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/DownloadFile/134915?Reference=89454"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","publicComments":"Report Number: NPS/AKRSWAN/NRTR-2007/02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb3e4b0f1bea0e0f877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174801,"text":"70174801 - 2007 - Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:08:26","indexId":"70174801","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","docAbstract":"

In his seminal paper about using seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies, Cairns (1987, Biol Oceanogr 5:261–271) predicted that (1) parameters of seabird biology and behavior would vary in curvilinear fashion with changes in food supply, (2) the threshold of prey density over which birds responded would be different for each parameter, and (3) different seabird species would respond differently to variation in food availability depending on foraging behavior and ability to adjust time budgets. We tested these predictions using data collected at colonies of common murre Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla in Cook Inlet, Alaska. (1) Of 22 seabird responses fitted with linear and non-linear functions, 16 responses exhibited significant curvilinear shapes, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) analysis indicated that curvilinear functions provided the best-fitting model for 12 of those. (2) However, there were few differences among parameters in their threshold to prey density, presumably because most responses ultimately depend upon a single threshold for prey acquisition at sea. (3) There were similarities and some differences in how species responded to variability in prey density. Both murres and kittiwakes minimized variability (CV < 15%) in their own body condition and growth of chicks in the face of high annual variability (CV = 69%) in local prey density. Whereas kittiwake breeding success (CV = 63%, r2 = 0.89) reflected prey variability, murre breeding success did not (CV = 29%, r2< 0.00). It appears that murres were able to buffer breeding success by reallocating discretionary ‘loafing’ time to foraging effort in response (r2 = 0.64) to declining prey density. Kittiwakes had little or no discretionary time, so fledging success was a more direct function of local prey density. Implications of these results for using ‘seabirds as indicators’ are discussed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps07078","issn":"0171-8630","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Harding, A., Shultz, M.T., Speckman, S., van Pelt, T.I., Drew, G.S., and Kettle, A.B., 2007, Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 352, p. 221-234, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07078.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"234","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0932e4b0c1aacab7d43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, Ann","contributorId":172489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, Michael T.","contributorId":172925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shultz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174301,"text":"70174301 - 2007 - Dietary and spatial overlap between sympatric ursids relative to salmon use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T17:35:06.86194","indexId":"70174301","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary and spatial overlap between sympatric ursids relative to salmon use","docAbstract":"

We hypothesized that there would be minimal dietary overlap between sympatric brown bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) relative to salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) utilization when alternative foods (e.g., fruits) are abundant. To maximize the chance that we would reject this hypothesis, we examined the diets of brown and black bears known to have visited salmon streams. Species, sex, and individual identification of bears visiting salmon streams were determined by DNA analysis of hair and feces collected in 2002-2004 along those streams. Diets were estimated from fecal residues and stable isotope analyses of hair. Assimilated diets of brown bears were 66.0% (SD = 16.7%) salmon, 13.9% (SD = 7.5%) terrestrial animal matter, and 20.1% (SD = 17.2%) plant matter. Assimilated diets of black bears were 8.0% (SD = 5.4%)salmon, 8.4% (SD = 9.7%) terrestrial animal matter, and 83.6% (SD = 7.7%) plant matter. Male and female brown bears did not differ in either the proportion of dietary salmon, terrestrial animal matter, or plant matter. The relative amounts of fruit residues in the feces of brown bears (87.0%, SD = 15.2%) and black bears (91.8%, SD = 7.2%) did not differ. Both sexes of brown bears visited salmon streams and consumed significant amounts of salmon, but only male American black bears visited streams and then consumed minimal amounts of salmon. Thus, brown bears were largely carnivorous and black bears were largely herbivorous and frugivorous. This reduced dietary overlap relative to salmon and fruit use is understandable in light of the concentrated, defendable nature of salmon in small streams, the widely dispersed, non-defendable nature of abundant fruits, the dominance of brown over black bears, the higher energy requirement of the larger brown bear, and, therefore, the differing ability of the species to efficiently exploit different food resources.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[19:DASOBS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fortin, J., Farley, S.D., Rode, K.D., and Robbins, C.T., 2007, Dietary and spatial overlap between sympatric ursids relative to salmon use: Ursus, v. 18, no. 1, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[19:DASOBS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[19:dasobs]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d2ee4b0ef4d2f45faa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fortin, Jennifer K. jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","contributorId":5419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortin","given":"Jennifer K.","email":"jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farley, Sean D.","contributorId":27642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":32436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174306,"text":"70174306 - 2007 - Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T15:48:55","indexId":"70174306","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century","docAbstract":"

Ice loss to the sea currently accounts for virtually all of the sea-level rise that is not attributable to ocean warming, and about 60% of the ice loss is from glaciers and ice caps rather than from the two ice sheets. The contribution of these smaller glaciers has accelerated over the past decade, in part due to marked thinning and retreat of marine-terminating glaciers associated with a dynamic instability that is generally not considered in mass-balance and climate modeling. This acceleration of glacier melt may cause 0.1 to 0.25 meter of additional sea-level rise by 2100.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1126/science.1143906","usgsCitation":"Meier, M.F., Dyurgerov, M., Rick, U.K., Pfeffer, W.T., Anderson, S.P., and Glazovsky, A.F., 2007, Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century: Science, v. 317, no. 5841, p. 1064-1067, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1143906.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1067","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","issue":"5841","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d30e4b0ef4d2f45faaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, Mark Frederick","contributorId":30982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyurgerov, M.B.","contributorId":43953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyurgerov","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rick, Ursula K.","contributorId":172731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rick","given":"Ursula","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pfeffer, William Tad","contributorId":76217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Tad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Suzanne P. 0000-0002-6796-6649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-6649","contributorId":172732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glazovsky, Andrey F.","contributorId":172733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glazovsky","given":"Andrey","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186595,"text":"70186595 - 2007 - The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70174091,"text":"70174091 - 2007 - Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?","indexId":"70174091","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"15","title":"Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70186595,"text":"70186595 - 2007 - The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","indexId":"70186595","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T16:26:38","indexId":"70186595","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","docAbstract":"

Atlantic Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North Atlantic range; it is the focus of probably the World’s highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World’s largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation.

This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of Atlantic salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the Atlantic Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with Atlantic salmon.

","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/9780470995846","isbn":"978-1-4051-1582-7","usgsCitation":"2007, The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management, 520 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470995846.","productDescription":"520 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60274e4b09da6799ac691","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Verspoor, Eric","contributorId":190587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verspoor","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689685,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stradmeyer, Lee","contributorId":190588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stradmeyer","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689686,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689687,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184295,"text":"70184295 - 2007 - Winter movement dynamics of black brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T14:52:22","indexId":"70184295","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter movement dynamics of black brant","docAbstract":"

Although North American geese are managed based on their breeding distributions, the dynamics of those breeding populations may be affected by events that occur during the winter. Birth rates of capital breeding geese may be influenced by wintering conditions, mortality may be influenced by timing of migration and wintering distribution, and immigration and emigration among breeding populations may depend on winter movement and timing of pair formation. We examined factors affecting movements of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) among their primary wintering sites in Mexico and southern California, USA, (Mar 1998–Mar 2000) using capture–recapture models. Although brant exhibited high probability (>0.85) of monthly and annual fidelity to the wintering sites we sampled, we observed movements among all wintering sites. Movement probabilities both within and among winters were negatively related to distance between sites. We observed a higher probability both of southward movement between winters (Mar to Dec) and northward movement between months within winters. Between-winter movements were probably most strongly affected by spatial and temporal variation in habitat quality as we saw movement patterns consistent with contrasting environmental conditions (e.g., La Niña and El Niño southern oscillation cycles). Month-to-month movements were related to migration patterns and may also have been affected by differences in habitat conditions among sites. Patterns of winter movements indicate that a network of wintering sites may be necessary for effective conservation of brant.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2006-051","usgsCitation":"Lindberg, M.S., Ward, D.H., Tibbitts, T.L., and Roser, J., 2007, Winter movement dynamics of black brant: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 2, p. 534-540, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-051.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"540","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Baja California, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":63292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roser, John","contributorId":172550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roser","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}