Superhigh-organic‑sulfur (SHOS) coals (coals with organic sulfur content >4 wt%) are unique coal deposits found at a few notable locations in the world. Specific peat accumulation and preservation conditions must be met to form SHOS coals. Organic sulfur is a major constituent of such coals, and it may have various sources depending on the prevailing paleomire conditions. Understanding such paleomire conditions sheds light on the formation mechanisms of SHOS coals. This investigation decodes the paleomire conditions of the Paleogene SHOS coals from Meghalaya, India, using sulfur isotopic compositions (δ34S) of organic sulfur (δ34SOS) and pyritic sulfur (δ34SPy) along with organic petrography, pyrite morphology and trace element ratios. Thirty coal samples were collected from the Jaintia Hills in the east, Khasi Hills in the middle, and Garo Hills in the west of Meghalaya. The organic sulfur content in the Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia coals varies from 1.0 to 3.3 wt%, 1.4 to 13.8 wt%, and 1.0 to 7.2 wt%, respectively. Further, after separation from pyritic sulfur and sulfate sulfur phases, the organic sulfur content ranges from 54.4 to 69.2%, 63.8 to 79.9%, and 59.3 to 73.8%, in the Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills, respectively, suggesting the SHOS nature of these coal samples. The δ34SPy varies from −29.3 ‰ to +5.7 ‰, −21.3 ‰ to +27.3 ‰, and −12.1 ‰ to −4.3 ‰, in the Jaintia, Khasi, and Garo Hills, respectively, while the δ34SOS fluctuates from −4.6 ‰ to +3.7 ‰, −9.3 ‰ to +7.8 ‰, and − 9.0 ‰ to −5.0 ‰, respectively. The δ34S values of pyrite and organic sulfur (OS) in Jaintia coals are 34S depleted compared to seawater sulfate (+22 ‰), leading to fractionations in the range of −51.3 ‰ to −16.3 ‰ (mean − 31.6 ‰) and − 26.6 ‰ to −18.3 ‰ (mean − 23.1 ‰) for pyritic and organic sulfur (OS), respectively. Pyrite in Khasi coals show a relatively heavier δ34S composition averaging at −20.5 ‰, whereas organic sulfur (OS) isotope compositions range from −31.3 ‰ to −14.2 ‰ with a mean of −22.6 ‰. Pyrite and OS in the Garo coals are depleted compared to seawater sulfate. Isotope variations in the Jaintia, Khasi, and Garo coals indicate microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) of seawater sulfate. Large isotopic fractionations between Eocene seawater sulfate and pyritic sulfur (Δ34SSO4Eocene – pyrite = up to −51.3 ‰; mean − 31.6 ‰) in Jaintia coals indicate their possible formation in the water column/near the sediment-seawater interface (open system) and also hint toward dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathways that prevailed under anoxic redox conditions. However, mean values of Δ34SSO4Eocene – pyrite (−20.5 ‰) in the Khasi coals imply pyrite formation deeper in the sediments (more closed system) under dysoxic conditions. The dominance of OS over pyritic sulfur, framboidal pyrite, and its microcrystal size distributions in Jaintia coals may suggest syngenetic pyrite formation in open water reducing/anoxic conditions under paralic environments. Elevated Sr/Ba and U/Th values in these coals further confirm the anoxic conditions. Nevertheless, the presence of euhedral pyrite with the alleviated pyrite framboids in the Khasi coals and their complete absence in the Garo coals may suggest dysoxic-suboxic and suboxic-oxic depositional conditions, respectively. The isotopic signatures of the Garo coals suggest sulfur contribution from the parent paleobiota and MSR under a freshwater-oxic environment. Insignificant fractionations between δ34SPy and δ34SOS indicate limited iron and sulfate availability for additional sulfur cycling and disproportionation reactions, typical of oxic conditions. The absence of framboidal pyrite, elevated sulfate concentration, and mean Sr/Ba and U/Th values of 0.5 and 0.3, respectively, further suggest the freshwater peat deposition in the Garo Hills under limnotelmatic to telmatic freshwater conditions. Moreover, high inertinite content (Immf = 9.77–33.16 vol%), possibly induced by atmospheric peat exposure, supports the interpretation of suboxic-oxic paleomire conditions in Garo Hills. Gradually decreasing mineral matter content from Jaintia (mean 13.6 vol%) to Garo coals (mean 7.4 vol%) additionally projects a transition from mesotrophic brackish to freshwater limnotelmatic environment, complementing the shift in the paleomire condition from eastern (Jaintia) to western (Garo) Meghalayan Hills.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2024.104559","usgsCitation":"Adsul, T., O’Beirne, M.D., Fike, D., Ghosh, S., Werne, J.P., Gilhooly, W., Hackley, P.C., Hatcherian, J.J., Philip, B., Hazra, B., Bhattachryya, S., Konar, R., and Varma, A.K., 2024, Decoding paleomire conditions of Paleogene superhigh-organic-sulfur coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 290, 104559, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104559.","productDescription":"104559, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158499","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104559","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 90,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 90,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n 92.55,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n 92.55,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 90,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"290","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adsul, Tushar","contributorId":330815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adsul","given":"Tushar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79028,"text":"Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Beirne, Molly D.","contributorId":340100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Beirne","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":81466,"text":"Organic and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Space Research Coordination Center, 4107 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fike, David","contributorId":340101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fike","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81467,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ghosh, Santanu","contributorId":330824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghosh","given":"Santanu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79037,"text":"Mizoram University, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werne, Josef P.","contributorId":340102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werne","given":"Josef","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":81466,"text":"Organic and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Space Research Coordination Center, 4107 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilhooly, William P. 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Effectively managing these biological impacts requires a thorough understanding of the patterns and processes of species geographic range shifts. While substantial recent redistributions have been identified and recognized to vary by taxon, region, and range geometry, there are large gaps and biases in the available evidence. Here, we use the largest compilation of geographic range change observations to date, comprised of 33,016 potential redistributions across 12,009 species, to formally assess within- and cross-species coverage and biases and to motivate future data collection. We find that species coverage varies strongly by taxon and underrepresents species at high and low latitudes. Within species, assessments of potential redistributions came from parts of their geographic range that were highly uneven and non-representative. For most species and taxa, studies were strongly biased toward the colder parts of species' distributions and thus significantly underrepresented populations that might get pushed beyond their maximum temperature limits. Coverage of potential leading and trailing geographic range edges under a changing climate was similarly uneven. Only 8% of studied species were assessed at both high and low latitude and elevation range edges, with most only covered at one edge. This suggests that substantial within-species biases exacerbate the considerable geographic and taxonomic among-species unevenness in evidence. Our results open the door for a more quantitative accounting for existing knowledge biases in climate change ecology and a more informed management and conservation. Our findings offer guidance for future data collection that better addresses information gaps and provides a more effective foundation for managing the biological impacts of climate change.
Wave-driven erosion of marsh boundaries is a major cause of marsh loss, but little research has captured the effect of seasonal differences on marsh-edge retreat rates to illuminate temporal patterns of when the majority of this erosion is occurring. Using five surface models captured over a study year of a marsh with a steep escarped boundary in South San Francisco Bay, we find a pronounced seasonal signal, where rapid marsh retreat in the spring and summer is driven by a strong sea breeze but little change is found in the marsh-edge position in the fall and winter. We found accretion in the mudflat transition region close to the marsh boundary in the calmer seasons however, suggesting intertwined morphodynamics of mudflats and the eroding marsh-scarp. We observed large spatial heterogeneity in retreat rates within seasons, but less on longer (annual and decadal) timescales. The relationship between marsh-edge retreat rates and properties of the wave field nearby is explored and contextualized against extant relationships, but our results speak to the difficulty in addressing spatial erosion/accretion variability on short (seasonal) timescales with simple models.
In the field of natural hazards, communicating science with the public and stakeholders (i.e., interested parties) involves entering the challenging and complex world of hazard and risk communication, the ultimate purpose of which is to reduce the impact of impending hazards on people and property at risk. Hazard and risk communication are adequate if they reach people with the information that they need, at the right time, and in a form that they can use. This task appears to be particularly difficult when decisions by the public and stakeholders have to be made in the presence of uncertainty about what could happen, as is often the case with geohazards. Moreover, decision-making is complex when there are time pressures, human and economic resources are limited, and multiple sources of information need to be considered. This poses several challenges for the development of two-way and people-centered risk communication for geohazards.
The “Enabling People-Centered Risk Communication for Geohazards” Research Topic analyses these challenges and identifies innovative pathways to address them. More precisely, it draws together 13 state-of-the-art articles from around the world on improving communication practices, strategies, and understandings relating to a range of various geohazards and weather-related hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1444551","usgsCitation":"Amato, A., Potter, S., Scolobig, A., and Thompson, E.M., 2024, Editorial: Enabling people-centered risk communication for geohazards: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 12, 1444551, 3 pp., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1444551.","productDescription":"1444551, 3 pp.","ipdsId":"IP-166434","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1444551","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amato, Alessandro","contributorId":352841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amato","given":"Alessandro","affiliations":[{"id":84295,"text":"National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, Sally H.","contributorId":352842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"Sally H.","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scolobig, Anna","contributorId":352843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scolobig","given":"Anna","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":150897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70258330,"text":"70258330 - 2024 - Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T14:29:26.678447","indexId":"70258330","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-09T09:25:27","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks","docAbstract":"Estimation of human water withdrawals is more important now than ever due to uncertain water supplies, population growth, and climate change. Fourteen percent of the total water withdrawal in the United States is used for public supply, typically including deliveries to domestic, commercial, and occasionally including industrial, irrigation, and thermoelectric water withdrawal. Stewards of water resources in the USA require estimates of water withdrawals to manage and plan for future demands and sustainable water supplies. This study compiled the most comprehensive conterminous United States water withdrawal data set to date and developed a machine learning framework for estimating public supply withdrawals and associated uncertainty for the period 2000–2020. The modeling approach provides service area resolution estimates to allow for annual and monthly water withdrawal estimation while incorporating a complex array of driving factors that include hydroclimatic, demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and land use factors. Model results reveal highly variable and lognormally distributed per-capita water withdrawal, spanning from 30 to 650 gallons per capita per day (GPCD), across community, regional, and national scales, with pronounced seasonal variations. Analysis of estimated withdrawal trends indicates that the national annual average withdrawal experienced a decline at a rate of 0.58 GPCD/year during the period from 2000 to 2020. Model interpretation reveals a complex interplay between public supply withdrawal and key predictors, including population size, warm-season precipitation, counts of large buildings and houses, and areas of urban and commercial land use. The developed models can forecast future public supply driven by various climate, demographic, and socioeconomic scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023WR036632","usgsCitation":"Alzraiee, A.H., Niswonger, R.G., Luukkonen, C., Larsen, J., Martin, D., Herbert, D.M., Buchwald, C.A., Dieter, C., Miller, L.D., Stewart, J.S., Houston, N., Paulinski, S., and Kristen Valseth, 2024, Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks: Water Resources Research, v. 60, no. 7, e2023WR036632, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036632.","productDescription":"e2023WR036632, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154316","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science 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Donald 0000-0001-5913-2372 domartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-2372","contributorId":4450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Donald","email":"domartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":912937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herbert, Deidre Mary 0000-0001-8707-3218","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-3218","contributorId":302591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"Deidre","email":"","middleInitial":"Mary","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 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0000-0001-6548-8164","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-8164","contributorId":204240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulinski","given":"Scott R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kristen Valseth","contributorId":344134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kristen Valseth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70256138,"text":"70256138 - 2024 - Review of the life history and conservation of federally endangered plant species of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T20:31:36.704515","indexId":"70256138","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-09T08:44:32","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2535,"text":"Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of the life history and conservation of federally endangered plant species of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"This review aims to summarize information critical to the conservation of the federally listed endangered species of South Texas, which occur along the border of Texas and Mexico. This paper describes the characteristics, habitat, population status, distribution, life history, threats, and restoration of endangered plant species of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, which includes Cameron, Willacy, Hildago, and Starr County. Seven federally listed species are considered including Ambrosia cheiranthifolia, Asclepias prostrata, Astrophytum asterias, Ayenia limitaris, Manihot walkerae, Lesquerella thamnophila (syn. Physaria thamnophila), and Thymophylla tephroleuca. An eighth species, Physostegia correllii is under consideration for federal listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This paper assembles information on the background, biological status, major threats, and conservation to aid managers and the scientific community in restoring and managing these species.","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Research Institute of Texas","doi":"10.17348/jbrit.v18.i1.1352","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., Gonzalez, E.A., Lain, E.J., Trevino, B., Gabler, C., Garrett, J.T., Molano-Flores, B., Coons, J., de la Garza, L.M., and Feria-Arroyo, T.P., 2024, Review of the life history and conservation of federally endangered plant species of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, U.S.A.: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, v. 18, no. 1, p. 233-266, https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v18.i1.1352.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"266","ipdsId":"IP-157204","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v18.i1.1352","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":431351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lower Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.26047561564066,\n 26.82159918001473\n ],\n [\n -96.41516129838583,\n 26.82159918001473\n ],\n [\n -96.41516129838583,\n 28.66849198387399\n ],\n [\n -98.26047561564066,\n 28.66849198387399\n ],\n [\n -98.26047561564066,\n 26.82159918001473\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":222689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":906872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":340312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":81570,"text":"University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lain, Emily J.","contributorId":333137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lain","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36894,"text":"Illinois Natural History 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IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"de la Garza, Laura M.","contributorId":340316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de la Garza","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":81575,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alamo, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Feria-Arroyo, Teresa P.","contributorId":340317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feria-Arroyo","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":81576,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70255702,"text":"dr1195 - 2024 - Pesticide concentrations of surface water and suspended sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T17:31:25.509382","indexId":"dr1195","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-09T07:40:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9318,"text":"Data Report","code":"DR","onlineIssn":"2771-9448","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1195","displayTitle":"Pesticide Concentrations of Surface Water and Suspended Sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021","title":"Pesticide concentrations of surface water and suspended sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021","docAbstract":"Managed flow pulses in the north Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta are an adaptive management tool used in efforts to enhance food availability in delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) habitat as part of the North Delta Food Subsidies Action. The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) monitors non-managed seasonal and local flow pulses and managed flow pulses from agricultural drainage or main stem Sacramento River water redirected through Yolo By-Pass. Augmented flow pulses are hypothesized to improve net positive flow during summer and fall in Yolo By-Pass and enhance plankton availability in delta smelt habitat in Cache Slough complex. However, flow pulses may also result in unintended negative effects of increased pesticides that are transported through Yolo By-Pass. Here, we evaluate pesticides in surface water and suspended sediment correlated with flow pulses in Yolo By-Pass during the 2019–21 calendar years.
Surface-water and suspended-sediment samples were collected by DWR personnel. Water samples were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory in Sacramento, California, for a suite of as many as 178 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Suspended sediments filtered from water samples were analyzed for a suite of as many as 173 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates.
There were 52 different current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples collected throughout the study. Concentrations ranged from below method detection limits to 4,070 nanograms per liter. Five different compounds in water samples were detected with concentrations above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency aquatic life benchmarks. In suspended-sediment samples collected throughout the study, eight different current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected.
Total pesticide concentrations were highest at surface-water sites in the northern end of Yolo By-Pass and decreased farther downstream during the same sampling events. Total pesticide concentrations generally were higher for most surface-water sites immediately before or during the managed flow pulse in 2019 versus after the flow pulse. Finally, mean total pesticide concentrations for each surface-water site generally were higher during all of 2019 than 2021, regardless of sampling period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Uychutin, M., Orlando, J.L., Hladik, M.L., Sanders, C.J., Gross, M.S., De Parsia, M.D., LaBarbera, E.M., Twardochleb, L., and Davis, B.E., 2024, Pesticide concentrations of surface water and suspended sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1195, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1195.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139194","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499108,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117119.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":430682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":430683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/dr1195.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":430684,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/dr1195.xml"},{"id":430686,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1195/full"},{"id":430685,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.916667,\n 38.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.916667,\n 38.1667\n ],\n [\n -121.33,\n 38.1667\n ],\n [\n -121.333,\n 38.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.916667,\n 38.8333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
An important symbolic and subsistence animal for many Native American Tribes, the moose (Alces alces; mos in Algonquin, Penobscot language) has been under consistent threat in the northeastern United States because of winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) parasitism over the past several decades, causing declines in moose populations throughout the region. This decline has raised concern for Tribes and agencies that are invested in moose. Given this concern, it is increasingly important to effectively monitor and develop strategies to manage winter ticks to address consistent population declines of moose due to winter ticks. The Penobscot Nation developed a novel strategy to sample questing winter ticks (i.e., ticks that are actively seeking hosts) using a plot-based sampling protocol that may be suitable for heterogeneous habitats. We deployed this protocol in the northeastern United States in 2022 during the tick questing period (Sep–Dec) on Penobscot Nation sovereign trust lands, the White Mountain National Forest and Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge, and western-central Massachusetts, USA. We analyzed the data using occupancy and N-mixture models. Detection probability peaked during mid-October and tick occupancy and abundance were greatest at sites with intermediate understory vegetation height. The sampling protocol was successful at sampling ticks in Massachusetts, where abundances were expected to be low, indicating that it may be useful for studies planning to monitor winter tick distribution and abundance in areas with sub-optimal moose habitat and where winter tick abundance is expected to be low. This approach may also benefit managers or researchers intending to monitor many species of hard ticks, and where imperfect detection is expected.
This cooperative study between the City of Durham Public Works Department, Stormwater Division and U.S. Geological Survey evaluated whether alternate monitoring strategies that incorporated samples collected across an increased range of streamflows would improve nutrient load estimates for Ellerbe and Sandy Creeks, two small, highly urbanized streams in the City of Durham, North Carolina. Water-quality and streamflow data collected between January 2009 and December 2020 were used to develop instream nutrient-load models using the U.S. Geological Survey R-LOADEST program. This study compared model results from two sampling scenarios: routine monthly (fixed frequency) sampling combined with targeted high-streamflow sampling (scenario A), and fixed frequency sampling only (scenario B).
Calibration diagnostic results were used to select the final, or most optimal, models. Most final models included seasonality terms to compensate for intra-annual variability in the data. Storm-runoff samples provided better definition at higher streamflows and improved the overall concentration versus flow relations for all constituents, except nitrate + nitrite. Uncertainties in the nutrient load estimates were lower and less variable for the scenario A tests compared to the scenario B tests.
Five time steps representing 12-, 9-, 7-, 6-, and 5-year subsets of the overall dataset were used to examine the effect of prediction period length on the computed loads and uncertainties. In focusing on the scenario A results, nutrient loads tended to be higher for the shorter time steps. These shorter time steps also produced higher errors, or uncertainty, in the load estimates compared to longer time steps. Evaluations of annual nutrient loads during 2016–20 indicated that the most consistent load estimates and tightest confidence intervals were obtained for longer 12- and 9-year time steps. Estimated loads were more variable and uncertain when based on the shorter 6- and 5-year time steps. The degree of uncertainty (standard error of prediction) in the nutrient load estimation results was influenced by sampling approach, calibration time step, and hydrologic characteristics during the model period of interest.
Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"In central Virginia, the Pamunkey Indian Tribe and Reservation are facing increasingly complex water resource issues related to quantity and quality. Documentation of surface-water, groundwater, water quality, land subsidence, sea-level rise, and river ecology issues in the Pamunkey River watershed and incorporation of traditional ecological knowledge into these research topics may improve understanding of the water resources broadly. This report summarizes the relevant traditional ecological knowledge and scientific literature to elucidate gaps in the total combined knowledge of a suite of water science topics concerning the Pamunkey River watershed. This suite of water science topics includes some of the issues that the Pamunkey Indian Tribe and Reservation are facing within the watershed: fragmentation of streams and management of streamflow, flooding, degrading water quality, groundwater extraction, relative sea-level rise, rapid changes in ecosystems, loss of ecological and biological diversity, and climate change. Gaps in total combined knowledge are pervasive throughout each of these water resource topics. Identifying these knowledge gaps can help inform future research and management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Pamunkey Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Foster, B.M., Lopez, R., Crawford, E.R., Cook, W., Krigsvold, J., Langston, J.H., Langston, T., Miles, G., Moore, K., Garman, G.C., Rice, K.C., and Jastram, J.D., 2024, Characterization of the water resources of the Pamunkey River watershed in Virginia—A review of water science, management, and traditional ecological knowledge: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5024, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245024.","productDescription":"ix, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-150381","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430658,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5024/images/"},{"id":430656,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245024/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5024 HTML"},{"id":430654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5024/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":430655,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5024/sir20245024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5024 PDF"},{"id":430657,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5024/sir20245024.XML","description":"SIR 2024-5024 XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Pamunkey River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.37200097289723,\n 38.37682664861029\n ],\n [\n -78.37200097289723,\n 37.038722790200765\n ],\n [\n -76.04924547820508,\n 37.038722790200765\n ],\n [\n -76.04924547820508,\n 38.37682664861029\n ],\n [\n -78.37200097289723,\n 38.37682664861029\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virgnia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly popular in environmental and hydrologic modeling, but they typically contain uncertainties resulting from noisy data (erroneous or outlier data). This paper presents a novel probabilistic approach that combines ML and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation to (1) detect and underweight likely noisy data, (2) develop an approach capable of detecting noisy data during model deployment, and (3) interpret the reasons why a data point is deemed noisy to help heuristically distinguish between outliers and erroneous data. The new algorithm recognizes that there is no unique way to split the training data into noisy and clean data, and thus produces an ensemble of plausible splits. The algorithm successfully detected noisy data in synthetic benchmark problems with varying complexity and a real-world public supply water withdrawal dataset. The algorithm is generic and flexible, making it suitable for application across a broad range of hydrologic and environmental disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106133","usgsCitation":"Alzraiee, A.H., and Niswonger, R.G., 2024, A probabilistic approach to training machine learning models using noisy data: Environmental Modelling & Software, v. 179, 106133, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106133.","productDescription":"106133, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151600","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"179","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":197892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70255904,"text":"70255904 - 2024 - Perfluorooctane sulfonamide induced autotoxic effects on the zebrafish immune system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-13T14:37:34.726179","indexId":"70255904","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-08T06:58:03","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonamide induced autotoxic effects on the zebrafish immune system","docAbstract":"Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) is an immediate perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) precursor (PreFOS). Previous studies have shown PFOSA to induce stronger toxic responses compared to other perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). However, the specific nature of PFOSA-induced toxicity, whether autonomous or mediated by its metabolite PFOS, has not been fully elucidated. This study systematically investigates the immunomodulatory effects of PFOSA and PFOS in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Exposure to PFOSA compromised the zebrafish’s ability to defend against pathogenic infections, as evidenced by increased bacterial adhesion to their skin and reduced levels of the biocidal protein lysozyme (LYSO). Moreover, PFOSA exposure was associated with disruptions in inflammatory markers and immune indicators, along with a decrease in immune cell counts. The findings from this study suggest that the immunotoxicity effects of PFOSA are primarily due to its own toxicity rather than its metabolite PFOS. This conclusion was supported by dose-dependent responses, the severity of observed effects, and multivariate analysis. In addition, our experiments using NF-κB-morpholino knock-down techniques further confirmed the role of the Nuclear factor-κappa B pathway in mediating PFOSA-induced immunotoxicity. In conclusion, this study reveals that PFOSA impairs the immune system in zebrafish through an autotoxic mechanism, providing valuable insights for assessing the ecological risks of PFOSA.
The low-carbon energy transition requires significant increases in production for many mineral commodities. Understanding demand, technological requirements, and prices associated with this production increase requires understanding the supply chain dynamics of many minerals simultaneously, and via a consistent framework. A generalized economics-informed material flow method, global materials modeling using Bayesian optimization, captures the market dynamics of key mineral commodities. The method relies only on a limited set of widely available historical data as input, enabling quantification of economic relationships (elasticities) for supply chain components where data are sparse, and relationships cannot be obtained via traditional statistical approaches. Building upon established material flow analysis (MFA) and economic modeling techniques, Bayesian optimization was applied to fit an economics-informed MFA model to global historical demand, supply, and price for aluminum, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, iron, tin, and zinc. This approach enables estimates for the evolution of ore grades, mine costs, refining charges, sector-specific demand, and scrap collection for each commodity. Economic relationships were quantified and compared with a database compiled from the literature, including 1333 values from 213 analyses across 65 publications. Discrepancies in methods and limited coverage make use of these parameters in modeling efforts difficult. This work provides a single, homogeneous, probabilistic approach to identifying economic relationships across mineral supply chains, with uncertainty quantification, a literature database for comparison, and a modeling framework in which to use them. This article met the requirements for a Gold-Gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jiec.13517","usgsCitation":"Ryter, J.W., Bhuwalka, K., O’Rourke, M., Montanelli, L., Cohen-Tanugi, D., Roth, R., and Olivetti, E., 2024, Understanding key mineral supply chain dynamics using economics-informed material flow analysis and Bayesian optimization: Journal of Industrial Ecology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 709-726, https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13517.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"726","ipdsId":"IP-157688","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryter, John W. 0000-0002-0343-7553","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-7553","contributorId":345416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"John","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhuwalka, Karan 0000-0002-1963-6717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-6717","contributorId":345417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhuwalka","given":"Karan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Rourke, Michelena","contributorId":345418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Rourke","given":"Michelena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montanelli, Luca 0000-0002-7784-7627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7784-7627","contributorId":345419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanelli","given":"Luca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cohen-Tanugi, David 0000-0003-2488-4819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2488-4819","contributorId":345420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen-Tanugi","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, Richard","contributorId":257597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roth","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":52064,"text":"Materials Systems Lab, MIT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olivetti, Elsa 0009-0005-4190-8319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4190-8319","contributorId":345421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olivetti","given":"Elsa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70257506,"text":"70257506 - 2024 - Integrating ecological value and charismatic species habitats to prioritize habitats for conservation: A case study from Greater Yellowstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-10T11:27:55.620233","indexId":"70257506","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-08T06:24:58","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating ecological value and charismatic species habitats to prioritize habitats for conservation: A case study from Greater Yellowstone","docAbstract":"Expanding human pressure has reduced natural habitats globally and motivated strategies to conserve remaining natural habitats. Decisions about conservation on private lands, however, are typically made by local stakeholders who are motivated by the elements of nature they most highly value. Thus, national prioritization for conservation should be complemented by local analysis of species or habitats that most influence local landowner decisions. We demonstrate within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem how quantitative mapping of wildlife species that are highly valued by local residents can be integrated with indices of ecosystem integrity to prioritize private lands for conservation. We found that natural vegetation cover (NVC) comprised 81% of the private lands. Some watersheds have lost 6% of NVC since 2001 and developed lands now cover >40% of their areas. Locations high in ecological value, elk habitat, and grizzly habitat occurred in different biophysical settings. Consequently, only 2% of the NVC supports high levels of all three biodiversity measures and 26% of this area was within conservation easements. The remaining areas of high biodiversity value that are unprotected are priorities for conservation. We suggest that national-scale conservation planning will be most effective on private lands if additional within-ecoregion analyses are done on the elements of biodiversity that are most valued by local people.
Northern peatlands are a globally significant source of methane (CH4), and emissions are projected to increase due to warming and permafrost loss. Understanding the microbial mechanisms behind patterns in CH4 production in these systems will be key to predicting annual emissions changes, with stable carbon isotopes (δ13C-CH4) being a powerful tool for characterizing these drivers. Given that δ13C signatures of CH4 are used in top-down atmospheric inversion models to partition sources, our ability to model CH4 production pathways and associated δ13C-CH4 signatures in peatland types impacted by a changing climate is critical. We sought to characterize the role of environmental conditions, including both hydrologic and vegetation patterns associated with permafrost thaw, on δ13C-CH4 signatures from a diverse set of high-latitude peatlands. We measured porewater and emitted CH4 stable isotopes, pH, and vegetation composition from five boreal-Arctic peatlands. Porewater δ13C-CH4 was strongly associated with peatland type, with δ13C enriched values obtained from more minerotrophic fens (-61.2 ± 9.1‰) compared to permafrost-free bogs (-74.1 ± 9.4‰) and raised permafrost bogs (-81.6 ± 11.5‰). Variation in porewater δ13C-CH4 was best explained by sedge cover, CH4 concentration, and the interactive effect of peatland type and pH (r2 = 0.50, p < 0.001). Emitted δ13C-CH4 varied greatly but was positively correlated with porewater δ13C-CH4, suggesting that porewater data can be used to predict changing emissions signatures from these systems. We calculated a weighted mean mixed atmospheric CH4 signature for northern peatlands of -65.3 ± 7‰ and show that this signature is more sensitive to landscape drying (4 to 10 % depletion in δ13C) than wetting (1.5 to 5% enrichment in δ13C) under permafrost thaw scenarios. Our results suggest northern peatland δ13C-CH4 signatures are likely to shift in the future which has important implications for source partitioning in atmospheric inversion models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023JG007837","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, M.A., Varner, R.K., McCalley, C.K., Perryman, C.R., Aurela, M., Burke, S.A., Chanton, J., Crill, P., DelGreco, J., Deng, J., Heffernan, L., Herrick, C., Hodgkins, S.B., Jones, C.P., Juutinen, S., Kane, E., Lamit, L.J., Larmola, T., Lilleskov, E., Olefeldt, D., Palace, M.W., Rich, V.I., Schulze, C., Shorter, J.H., Sullivan, F., Sonnentag, O., Turetsky, M., and Waldrop, M., 2024, Controls on stable methane isotope signatures in northern peatlands and potential shifts in signatures under permafrost thaw scenarios: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 129, no. 7, e2023JG007837, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007837.","productDescription":"e2023JG007837, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-162425","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open 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Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Heffernan, Liam","contributorId":346816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heffernan","given":"Liam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82978,"text":"Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Herrick, Christina","contributorId":346817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrick","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82976,"text":"Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 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Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Sonnentag, Oliver","contributorId":346831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnentag","given":"Oliver","affiliations":[{"id":82987,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of Colorado Boulder. Boulder CO 80309","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":346832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":216758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":919971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70255920,"text":"70255920 - 2024 - Utica/Point Pleasant brine isotopic compositions (δ7Li, δ11B, δ138Ba) elucidate mechanisms of lithium enrichment in the Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T14:48:53.142529","indexId":"70255920","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-07T06:55:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Utica/Point Pleasant brine isotopic compositions (δ7Li, δ11B, δ138Ba) elucidate mechanisms of lithium enrichment in the Appalachian Basin","title":"Utica/Point Pleasant brine isotopic compositions (δ7Li, δ11B, δ138Ba) elucidate mechanisms of lithium enrichment in the Appalachian Basin","docAbstract":"Global Li production will require a ~500 % increase to meet 2050 projected energy storage demands. One potential source is oil and gas wastewater (i.e., produced water or brine), which naturally has high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations, that can also be enriched in Li (>100 mg/L). Understanding the sources and mechanisms responsible for high naturally-occurring Li concentrations can aid in efficient targeting of these brines. The isotopic composition (δ7Li, δ11B, δ138Ba) of produced water and core samples from the Utica Shale and Point Pleasant Formation (UPP) in the Appalachian Basin, USA indicates that depth-dependent thermal maturity and water-rock interaction, including diagenetic clay mineral transformations, likely control Li concentrations. A survey of Li content in produced waters throughout the USA indicates that Appalachian Basin brines from the Marcellus Shale to the UPP have the potential for economic resource recovery.
Climate change is anticipated to cause species to shift their ranges upward and poleward, yet space for tracking suitable habitat conditions may be limited for range-restricted species at the highest elevations and latitudes of the globe. Consequently, range-restricted species inhabiting Arctic freshwater ecosystems, where global warming is most pronounced, face the challenge of coping with changing abiotic and biotic conditions or risk extinction. Here, we use an extensive fish community and environmental dataset for 1762 lakes sampled across Scandinavia (mid-1990s) to evaluate the climate vulnerability of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), the world's most cold-adapted and northernly distributed freshwater fish. Machine learning models show that abiotic and biotic factors strongly predict the occurrence of Arctic char across the region with an overall accuracy of 89 percent. Arctic char is less likely to occur in lakes with warm summer temperatures, high dissolved organic carbon levels (i.e., browning), and presence of northern pike (Esox lucius). Importantly, climate warming impacts are moderated by habitat (i.e., lake area) and amplified by the presence of competitors and/or predators (i.e., northern pike). Climate warming projections under the RCP8.5 emission scenario indicate that 81% of extant populations are at high risk of extirpation by 2080. Highly vulnerable populations occur across their range, particularly near the southern range limit and at lower elevations, with potential refugia found in some mountainous and coastal regions. Our findings highlight that range shifts may give way to range contractions for this cold-water specialist, indicating the need for pro-active conservation and mitigation efforts to avoid the loss of Arctic freshwater biodiversity.
Coproduction represents an inclusive approach for developing decision-support resources because it seeks to integrate scientific knowledge and end-user needs. Unfortunately, spatial decision support systems (SDSS) coproduction has sometimes resulted in limited utility for end-users, partially due to scarce SDSS coproduction guidance. To initiate coproduction, we held a series of workshops to co-design a spatial conservation prioritization tool for sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States. We share four themes derived from participant feedback and our reflections to guide future SDSS codesign efforts. We found end-user confidence in data inputs and transparency regarding SDSS assumptions generated trust. Workshop participants noted our virtual format, with smaller break-out groups, effectively facilitated discussions. Ultimately, end-users appreciated the conservation context provided by regional-scale SDSS but preferred local-scale prioritization efforts for site-level planning. Therefore, we are shifting ongoing co-design efforts to consider local-scale tool development, which can scale up to larger geographic extents.
Director, Water Resources Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a persistent and increasing problem globally, yet we still have limited knowledge about how they affect wildlife. Although semi-aquatic and aquatic amphibians and reptiles have experienced large declines and occupy environments where HABs are increasingly problematic, their vulnerability to HABs remains unclear. To inform monitoring, management, and future research, we conducted a literature review, synthesized the studies, and report on the mortality events describing effects of cyanotoxins from HABs on freshwater herpetofauna. Our review identified 37 unique studies and 71 endpoints (no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-effect concentrations) involving 11 amphibian and 3 reptile species worldwide. Responses varied widely among studies, species, and exposure concentrations used in experiments. Concentrations causing lethal and sublethal effects in laboratory experiments were generally 1 to 100 µg/L, which contains the mean value of reported HAB events but is 70 times less than the maximum cyanotoxin concentrations reported in the environment. However, one species of amphibian was tolerant to concentrations of 10,000 µg/L, demonstrating potentially immense differences in sensitivities. Most studies focused on microcystin-LR (MC-LR), which can increase systemic inflammation and harm the digestive system, reproductive organs, liver, kidneys, and development. The few studies on other cyanotoxins illustrated that effects resembled those of MC-LR at similar concentrations, but more research is needed to describe effects of other cyanotoxins and mixtures of cyanotoxins that commonly occur in the environment. All experimental studies were on larval and adult amphibians; there were no such studies on reptiles. Experimental work with reptiles and adult amphibians is needed to clarify thresholds of tolerance. Only nine mortality events were reported, mostly for reptiles. Given that amphibians likely decay faster than reptiles, which have tissues that resist decomposition, mass amphibian mortality events from HABs have likely been under-reported. We propose that future efforts should be focused on seven major areas, to enhance our understanding of effects and monitoring of HABs on herpetofauna that fill important roles in freshwater and terrestrial environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–14. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) were considered extirpated from Lake Ontario prior to the 1990s but have since resurged and are now an abundant offshore demersal species. As deepwater sculpin reproduction is poorly described, an investigation of their gonadal development and fecundity was conducted to better understand their reproductive biology. To evaluate spawning period duration and if females spawn multiple times during their spawning period, we compared deepwater sculpin gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development, and fecundity using individuals collected in fall and spring from 2018 to 2021. Our analysis revealed female GSI was greater in fall (8.1 ± 6.2 %) than spring (4.4 ± 4.3 %). Absolute fecundity averaged 763 ± 246 oocytes and relative fecundity averaged 19 ± 6 oocytes per gram of fish. Histological analysis revealed the presence of only one batch of developing oocytes in the ovary (n = 60), indicating group-synchronous ovarian organization. Our findings suggest deepwater sculpin spawn once annually but have a protracted spawning season indicated by prolonged elevated GSI values. Therefore, protracted spawning in deepwater sculpin likely results in an extended period of larval emergence rather than the majority occurring in late spring as previously suggested. A longer timeframe for deepwater sculpin larval emergence may increase reproductive success and contribute to their population’s recovery.
The Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), a federally threatened species, is a flagship species for regional conservation planning in southern California (USA). An inhabitant of coastal sage scrub vegetation, the gnatcatcher has declined in response to habitat loss and fragmentation, exacerbated by catastrophic wildfires. We documented the status of gnatcatchers throughout their California range and examined post-fire recovery of gnatcatchers and their habitat. We used GIS to develop a habitat suitability model for Coastal California Gnatcatchers using climate and topography covariates and selected over 700 sampling points in a spatially balanced manner. Bird and vegetation data were collected at each point between March and May in 2015 and 2016. Presence/absence of gnatcatchers was determined during three visits to points, using area searches within 150 x 150 m plots. We used an occupancy framework to generate Percent Area Occupied (PAO) by gnatcatchers, and analyzed PAO as a function of time since fire. At the regional scale in 2016, 23% of the points surveyed were occupied by gnatcatchers, reflecting the effect of massive wildfires in the last 15 years. Similarly, PAO in the post-fire subset of points was 24%, with the highest occupancy in unburned (last fire <2002) habitat. Positive predictors of occupancy included percent cover of California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonom fasciculatum), and sunflowers (Encelia spp., Bahiopsis laciniata), while negative predictors included laurel sumac (Malosma laurina) and total herbaceous cover; in particular, non-native grasses. Our findings indicate that recovery from wildfire may take decades, and provide information to speed up recovery through habitat restoration.
Flow alteration and riparian vegetation encroachment are causing habitat simplification with severe consequences for native fishes. To assess the effectiveness of enhancing simplified habitat in a large dryland river, we experimentally added invasive wood at 19 paired treatment and reference (no wood added) subreaches (50–100 m) within the main channel of the San Juan River. Using a before-after-control-impact design, we sampled fishes and macroinvertebrates, and quantified habitat complexity. After wood addition, total native fish densities were 2.2× higher in treatments compared with references, whereas total nonnative fish densities exhibited no response. Macroinvertebrate densities were 6.8× higher, and habitat complexity increased in treatments. Counts of geomorphic features in treatments increased from 1 to a maximum of 11 following wood addition, while the number of features in references remained unchanged. Wood addition has potential to instigate natural riverine processes, ultimately enhancing native fish habitat by increasing macroinvertebrate densities and habitat complexity in dryland rivers. Water overallocation and increasing aridity will continue to challenge efforts to improve habitat conditions with environmental flows alone, and managers might consider integrating non-flow alternatives like addition of abundant, invasive wood to reduce habitat simplification.
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