{"pageNumber":"1503","pageRowStart":"37550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70042074,"text":"70042074 - 2012 - Variance partitioning of stream diatom, fish, and invertebrate indicators of biological condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T12:41:22","indexId":"70042074","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variance partitioning of stream diatom, fish, and invertebrate indicators of biological condition","docAbstract":"Stream indicators used to make assessments of biological condition are influenced by many possible sources of variability. To examine this issue, we used multiple-year and multiple-reach diatom, fish, and invertebrate data collected from 20 least-disturbed and 46 developed stream segments between 1993 and 2004 as part of the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. We used a variance-component model to summarize the relative and absolute magnitude of 4 variance components (among-site, among-year, site × year interaction, and residual) in indicator values (observed/expected ratio [O/E] and regional multimetric indices [MMI]) among assemblages and between basin types (least-disturbed and developed). We used multiple-reach samples to evaluate discordance in site assessments of biological condition caused by sampling variability. Overall, patterns in variance partitioning were similar among assemblages and basin types with one exception. Among-site variance dominated the relative contribution to the total variance (64–80% of total variance), residual variance (sampling variance) accounted for more variability (8–26%) than interaction variance (5–12%), and among-year variance was always negligible (0–0.2%). The exception to this general pattern was for invertebrates at least-disturbed sites where variability in O/E indicators was partitioned between among-site and residual (sampling) variance (among-site  =  36%, residual  =  64%). This pattern was not observed for fish and diatom indicators (O/E and regional MMI). We suspect that unexplained sampling variability is what largely remained after the invertebrate indicators (O/E predictive models) had accounted for environmental differences among least-disturbed sites. The influence of sampling variability on discordance of within-site assessments was assemblage or basin-type specific. Discordance among assessments was nearly 2× greater in developed basins (29–31%) than in least-disturbed sites (15–16%) for invertebrates and diatoms, whereas discordance among assessments based on fish did not differ between basin types (least-disturbed  =  16%, developed  =  17%). Assessments made using invertebrate and diatom indicators from a single reach disagreed with other samples collected within the same stream segment nearly ⅓ of the time in developed basins, compared to ⅙ for all other cases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/11-040.1","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R.E., Carlisle, D.M., Meador, M., and Potapova, M., 2012, Variance partitioning of stream diatom, fish, and invertebrate indicators of biological condition: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 1, p. 182-190, https://doi.org/10.1899/11-040.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"190","ipdsId":"IP-011898","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/11-040.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287129,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/11-040.1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5374907ae4b0870f4d23d007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, Robert E. 0000-0002-4784-2905 rzuellig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2905","contributorId":1620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"Robert","email":"rzuellig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Potapova, Marina","contributorId":89274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042382,"text":"sir20105070F - 2012 - Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T20:13:40.290191","indexId":"sir20105070F","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5070","chapter":"F","title":"Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits","docAbstract":"

Current global and domestic mineral resources of beryllium (Be) for industrial uses are dominated by ores produced from deposits of the volcanogenic Be type. Beryllium deposits of this type can form where hydrothermal fluids interact with fluorine and lithophile-element (uranium, thorium, rubidium, lithium, beryllium, cesium, tantalum, rare earth elements, and tin) enriched volcanic rocks that contain a highly reactive lithic component, such as carbonate clasts. Volcanic and hypabyssal high-silica biotite-bearing topaz rhyolite constitutes the most well-recognized igneous suite associated with such Be deposits. The exemplar setting is an extensional tectonic environment, such as that characterized by the Basin and Range Province, where younger topaz-bearing igneous rock sequences overlie older dolomite, quartzite, shale, and limestone sequences. Mined deposits and related mineralized rocks at Spor Mountain, Utah, make up a unique economic deposit of volcanogenic Be having extensive production and proven and probable reserves. Proven reserves in Utah, as reported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Mineral Information Center, total about 15,900 tons of Be that are present in the mineral bertrandite (Be4Si2O7(OH)2). At the type locality for volcanogenic Be, Spor Mountain, the tuffaceous breccias and stratified tuffs that host the Be ore formed as a result of explosive volcanism that brought carbonate and other lithic fragments to the surface through vent structures that cut the underlying dolomitic Paleozoic sedimentary rock sequences. The tuffaceous sediments and lithic clasts are thought to make up phreatomagmatic base surge deposits. Hydrothermal fluids leached Be from volcanic glass in the tuff and redeposited the Be as bertrandite upon reaction of the hydrothermal fluid with carbonate clasts in lithic-rich sections of tuff. The localization of the deposits in tuff above fluorite-mineralized faults in carbonate rocks, together with isotopic evidence for the involvement of magmatic water in an otherwise meteoric water-dominated hydrothermal system, indicate that magmatic volatiles contributed to mineralization. At the type locality, hydrothermal alteration of dolomite clasts formed layered nodules of calcite, opal, fluorite, and bertrandite, the latter occurring finely intergrown with fluorite. Alteration assemblages and elemental enrichments in the tuff and surrounding volcanic rocks include regional diagenetic clays and potassium feldspar and distinctive hydrothermal halos of anomalous fluorine, lithium, molybdenum, niobium, tin, and tantalum, and intense potassium feldspathization with sericite and lithium-smectite in the immediate vicinity of Be ore. Formation of volcanogenic Be deposits is due to the coincidence of multiple factors that include an appropriate Be-bearing source rock, a subjacent pluton that supplied volatiles and heat to drive convection of meteoric groundwater, a depositional site characterized by the intersection of normal faults with permeable tuff below a less permeable cap rock, a fluorine-rich ore fluid that facilitated Be transport (for example, BeF42- complex), and the existence of a chemical trap that caused fluorite and bertrandite to precipitate at the former site of carbonate lithic clasts in the tuff.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070F","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., Hofstra, A.H., Lindsey, D.A., Seal, R., Jaskula, B.W., and Piatak, N., 2012, Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070F.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5070_F.gif"},{"id":399523,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98030.htm"},{"id":265310,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/f/"},{"id":265311,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/f/SIR10-5070F.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaabf2e4b02dd6076fadb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaskula, Brian W. bjaskula@usgs.gov","contributorId":1935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"Brian","email":"bjaskula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042369,"text":"ofr20121248 - 2012 - Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-06T12:06:29","indexId":"ofr20121248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1248","title":"Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","docAbstract":"To determine the environmental consequences of decommissioning offshore oil platforms on local and regional fish populations, contaminant loads in reproducing adults were investigated at seven platform sites and adjacent, natural sites. Specimens of three species (Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus; kelp rockfish, Sebastes atrovirens; and kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus) residing at platforms and representing the regional background within the Santa Barbara Channel and within the San Pedro Basin were collected. Some of the most important contaminant classes related to oil operations are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because of their potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. However, acute exposure cannot be related directly to PAH tissue concentrations because of rapid metabolism of the parent chemicals in fish; therefore, PAH metabolites in bile were measured, targeting free hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) liberated by enzymatic hydrolysis of the bound PAH glucuronides and sulfates. An ion-pairing method was developed for confirmatory analysis that targeted PAH glucuronides and sulfates. Concentrations of hydroxylated PAHs in all samples (76 fish from platforms and 64 fish from natural sites) were low, ranging from less than the limits of detection (5 to 120 nanograms per milliliter bile; 0.03 to 42 nanograms per milligram protein) to a maximum of 320 nanograms per milliliter bile (32 nanograms per milligram protein). A previously proposed dosimeter of PAH exposure in fish, 1-hydroxypyrene, was not detected at any platform site. Low concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were detected in 3 of 12 kelp rockfish collected from a natural reef site off Santa Barbara. The most prevalent OH-PAH, 2-hydroxyfluorene, was detected at low concentrations in seven fish of various species; of these, four were from two of the seven platform sites. The greatest concentrations of 2-hydroxyfluorene were found in three fish of various species from Platform Holly and were only about threefold above low, yet quantifiable, concentrations found in three fish from Horseshoe Reef, East Anacapa Island, and Coche Point natural sites; the mean concentrations among all sampling sites were not measurably different.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Gale, R.W., Tanner, M.J., Love, M., Nishimoto, M.M., and Schroeder, D.M., 2012, Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1248, Report: v, 27 p.; Supplemental Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121248.","productDescription":"Report: v, 27 p.; Supplemental Tables","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029789","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1248.gif"},{"id":265297,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/"},{"id":265298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/of2012-1248.pdf"},{"id":265299,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/downloads/supplemental_tables.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Goleta;Long Beach;Santa Barbara","otherGeospatial":"Anacapa Island;Catalina Island;Santa Cruz Island;Southern California Bight","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,33.58 ], [ -120.0,34.6 ], [ -117.9,34.6 ], [ -117.9,33.58 ], [ -120.0,33.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaab76e4b02dd6076fad9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Michael J.","contributorId":55115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":74652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishimoto, Mary M.","contributorId":54083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimoto","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroeder, Donna M.","contributorId":67604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042366,"text":"ofr20121261 - 2012 - Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-06T12:07:11","indexId":"ofr20121261","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1261","title":"Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?","docAbstract":"In the United States, regulatory seismic codes (for example, California Building Code) require at least two sets of horizontal ground-motion components for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of building structures. For sites within 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal and fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHAs should be performed separately—when FN and then FP direction are aligned with transverse direction of the building axes. This approach is assumed to lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all nonredundant rotation angles. The validity of this assumption is examined here using 3D computer models of single-story structures having symmetric (torsionally stiff) and asymmetric (torsionally flexible) layouts subjected to an ensemble of near-fault ground motions with and without apparent velocity pulses. In this parametric study, the elastic vibration period is varied from 0.2 to 5 seconds, and yield-strength reduction factors, R, are varied from a value that leads to linear-elastic design to 3 and 5. Further validations are performed using 3D computer models of 9-story structures having symmetric and asymmetric layouts subjected to the same ground-motion set. The influence of the ground-motion rotation angle on several engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is examined in both linear-elastic and nonlinear-inelastic domains to form benchmarks for evaluating the use of the FN/FP directions and also the maximum direction (MD). The MD ground motion is a new definition for horizontal ground motions for use in site-specific ground-motion procedures for seismic design according to provisions of the American Society of Civil Engineers/Seismic Engineering Institute (ASCE/SEI) 7-10. The results of this study have important implications for current practice, suggesting that ground motions rotated to MD or FN/FP directions do not necessarily provide the most critical EDPs in nonlinear-inelastic domain; however, they tend to produce larger EDPs than as-recorded (arbitrarily oriented) motions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121261","usgsCitation":"Reyes, J.C., and Kalkan, E., 2012, Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1261, xii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121261.","productDescription":"xii, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040285","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1261.gif"},{"id":265291,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1261/"},{"id":265292,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1261/of2012-1261.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaac31e4b02dd6076fadba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reyes, Juan C.","contributorId":30731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042337,"text":"ds736 - 2012 - Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) and geodatabase for the Lower Missouri River Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:54:21","indexId":"ds736","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"736","title":"Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) and geodatabase for the Lower Missouri River Valley","docAbstract":"The Land Capacity Potential Index (LCPI) is a coarse-scale index intended to delineate broad land-capability classes in the Lower Missouri River valley bottom from the Gavins Point Dam near Yankton, South Dakota to the mouth of the Missouri River near St. Louis, Missouri (river miles 811–0). The LCPI provides a systematic index of wetness potential and soil moisture-retention potential of the valley-bottom lands by combining the interactions among water-surface elevations, land-surface elevations, and the inherent moisture-retention capability of soils. A nine-class wetness index was generated by intersecting a digital elevation model for the valley bottom with sloping water-surface elevation planes derived from eight modeled discharges. The flow-recurrence index was then intersected with eight soil-drainage classes assigned to soils units in the digital Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database (Soil Survey Staff, 2010) to create a 72-class index of potential flow-recurrence and moisture-retention capability of Missouri River valley-bottom lands. The LCPI integrates the fundamental abiotic factors that determine long-term suitability of land for various uses, particularly those relating to vegetative communities and their associated values. Therefore, the LCPI provides a mechanism allowing planners, land managers, landowners, and other stakeholders to assess land-use capability based on the physical properties of the land, in order to guide future land-management decisions. This report documents data compilation for the LCPI in a revised and expanded, 72-class version for the Lower Missouri River valley bottom, and inclusion of additional soil attributes to allow users flexibility in exploring land capabilities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds736","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, and the Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Chojnacki, K.A., Struckhoff, M.A., and Jacobson, R.B., 2012, Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) and geodatabase for the Lower Missouri River Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 736, Report: iv, 18 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds736.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037780","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_736.gif"},{"id":265276,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/736/downloads/"},{"id":265274,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/736/"},{"id":265275,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/736/ds736.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,38.0 ], [ -98.0,43.5 ], [ -90.0,43.5 ], [ -90.0,38.0 ], [ -98.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e7f9ebe4b033ce2d2433e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly A. kchojnacki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Kimberly","email":"kchojnacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Struckhoff, Matthew A. 0000-0002-4911-9956 mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9956","contributorId":2095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struckhoff","given":"Matthew","email":"mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042372,"text":"ds709G - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Zarkashan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:10:42","indexId":"ds709G","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"G","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Zarkashan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Zarkashan mineral district, which has copper and gold deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2006,2007, 2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 315-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Zarkashan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into two overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The two image tiles (or quadrants) for the Zarkashan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Zarkashan study area, three subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Mine Area, Bolo Gold Prospect, and Luman-Tamaki Gold Prospect subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area’s image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709G","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: Data Series 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., and Cagney, L.E., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Zarkashan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 37.63 x 40.38 inches; 10 Images; 10 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709G.","productDescription":"Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 37.63 x 40.38 inches; 10 Images; 10 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265281,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/"},{"id":265283,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/index_maps/Zarkashan_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265282,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/1_readme.txt"},{"id":265284,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/index_maps/Zarkashan_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265285,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":265286,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":265287,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":265288,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":265289,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/index.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Zarkashan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 67.0,32.5 ], [ 67.0,33.5 ], [ 68.0,33.5 ], [ 68.0,32.5 ], [ 67.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e7f9ede4b033ce2d2433ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042381,"text":"sir20125272 - 2012 - The occurrence of trace elements in bed sediment collected from areas of varying land use and potential effects on stream macroinvertebrates in the conterminous western United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, 1992-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:41:04","indexId":"sir20125272","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5272","title":"The occurrence of trace elements in bed sediment collected from areas of varying land use and potential effects on stream macroinvertebrates in the conterminous western United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, 1992-2000","docAbstract":"

As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, this study examines the occurrence of nine trace elements in bed sediment of varying mineralogy and land use and assesses the possible effects of these trace elements on aquatic-macroinvertebrate community structure. Samples of bed sediment and macroinvertebrates were collected from 154 streams at sites representative of undeveloped, agricultural, urban, mined, or mixed land-use areas and 12 intermediate-scale ecoregions within the conterminous western United States, Alaska, and Hawaii from 1992 to 2000. The nine trace elements evaluated during this study—arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)—were selected on the basis of potential ecologic significance and availability of sediment-quality guidelines. At most sites, the occurrence of these trace elements in bed sediment was at concentrations consistent with natural geochemical abundance, and the lowest concentrations were in bed-sediment samples collected from streams in undeveloped and agricultural areas. With the exception of Zn at sampling sites influenced by historic mining-related activities, median concentrations of all nine trace elements in bed sediment collected from sites representative of the five general land-use areas were below concentrations predicted to be harmful to aquatic macroinvertebrates. The highest concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were in bed sediment collected from mined areas. Median concentrations of Cu and Ni in bed sediment were similarly enriched in areas of mining, urban, and mixed land use. Concentrations of Cr and Ni appear to originate largely from geologic sources, especially in the western coastal states (California, Oregon, and Washington), Alaska, and Hawaii. In these areas, naturally high concentrations of Cr and Ni can exceed concentrations that may adversely affect aquatic macroinvertebrates. Generally, Hg concentrations were below the sediment-quality guideline for this trace element but appeared elevated in urbanized areas and at sites contaminated by historic mining practices. Lastly, although there was no distinctive pattern in Se concentrations with land use, median bed-sediment concentrations were slightly elevated in urbanized areas.

Macroinvertebrate community structure was influenced by topographic, geologic, climatic, and in-stream characteristics. To account for inherent distribution patterns resulting from these influences, samples of macroinvertebrates were stratified by ecoregion to assess the influence of trace elements on community structure. Cumulative toxic units (CTUs) were used to evaluate gradients in trace-element concentrations in mixture. Correlation analyses among the trace elements under different land-use conditions indicate that trace-element mixtures vary among bed sediment and can have a marked influence on CTU composition. Macroinvertebrate response to bed-sediment trace-element exposure was evident only at the most highly contaminated sites, notably at sites classified as contaminated by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as a result of historic mining activities. Results of this study agree with the findings of other studies evaluating trace-element exposure to in-stream macroinvertebrate community structure in that generally lower richness metrics and taxa dominance occur in streams where high trace-element enrichment occurs; however, not all streams in all areas have the same characterizing taxa. In the mountain and xeric ecosystems, the mayfly, Baetis sp.; the Diptera, Simulium sp.; caddisflies in the family Hydropsychiidae; midges in the family Orthocladiinae; and the worms belonging to Turbellaria and Naididae all demonstrated resilience to trace-element exposure and, in some cases, possible changes in physical habitat within stream ecosystems. The taxa characteristics within the Ozark Highland ecoregion were different than other ecoregions as evidenced by generally more diverse mayfly populations. In addition, Baetis sp. was common and dominated many of the mayfly populations found in the Rocky Mountain streams within the Mountain Southern Rockies and Mountain Northern Rockies ecoregions; however, within the Ozark Highland ecoregion, Tricorythodes sp. appeared to be more common than Baetis sp.

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demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M.D.","contributorId":33686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042285,"text":"70042285 - 2012 - Program SPACECAP: software for estimating animal density using spatially explicit capture-recapture 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The advent of spatially explicit capture-recapture models is changing the way ecologists analyse capture-recapture data. However, the advantages offered by these new models are not fully exploited because they can be difficult to implement. 2. To address this need, we developed a user-friendly software package, created within the R programming environment, called SPACECAP. This package implements Bayesian spatially explicit hierarchical models to analyse spatial capture-recapture data. 3. Given that a large number of field biologists prefer software with graphical user interfaces for analysing their data, SPACECAP is particularly useful as a tool to increase the adoption of Bayesian spatially explicit capture-recapture methods in practice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00241.x","usgsCitation":"Gopalaswamy, A., Royle, J., Hines, J., Singh, P., Jathanna, D., Kumar, N.S., and Karanth, K.U., 2012, Program SPACECAP: software for estimating animal density using spatially explicit capture-recapture models: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 6, p. 1067-1072, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00241.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1067","endPage":"1072","ipdsId":"IP-039292","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00241.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265029,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00241.x"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d023e4b0a4aa5bb0af86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.","contributorId":12167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gopalaswamy","given":"Arjun M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, Pallavi","contributorId":58919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Pallavi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jathanna, Devcharan","contributorId":74270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jathanna","given":"Devcharan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kumar, N. Samba","contributorId":52701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Samba","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karanth, K. Ullas","contributorId":6984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ullas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70042281,"text":"70042281 - 2012 - Density estimation in tiger populations: combining information for strong inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-02T12:03:14","indexId":"70042281","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density estimation in tiger populations: combining information for strong inference","docAbstract":"A productive way forward in studies of animal populations is to efficiently make use of all the information available, either as raw data or as published sources, on critical parameters of interest. In this study, we demonstrate two approaches to the use of multiple sources of information on a parameter of fundamental interest to ecologists: animal density. The first approach produces estimates simultaneously from two different sources of data. The second approach was developed for situations in which initial data collection and analysis are followed up by subsequent data collection and prior knowledge is updated with new data using a stepwise process. Both approaches are used to estimate density of a rare and elusive predator, the tiger, by combining photographic and fecal DNA spatial capture–recapture data. The model, which combined information, provided the most precise estimate of density (8.5 ± 1.95 tigers/100 km2 [posterior mean ± SD]) relative to a model that utilized only one data source (photographic, 12.02 ± 3.02 tigers/100 km2 and fecal DNA, 6.65 ± 2.37 tigers/100 km2). Our study demonstrates that, by accounting for multiple sources of available information, estimates of animal density can be significantly improved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-2110.1","usgsCitation":"Gopalaswamy, A., Royle, J., Delampady, M., Nichols, J., Karanth, K.U., and Macdonald, D.W., 2012, Density estimation in tiger populations: combining information for strong inference: Ecology, v. 93, no. 7, p. 1741-1751, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-2110.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1741","endPage":"1751","ipdsId":"IP-039030","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265020,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-2110.1"},{"id":265021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfefe4b0a4aa5bb0aebb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.","contributorId":12167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gopalaswamy","given":"Arjun M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. 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Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delampady, Mohan","contributorId":38856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delampady","given":"Mohan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karanth, K. Ullas","contributorId":6984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ullas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Macdonald, David W.","contributorId":108374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042274,"text":"ofr20121252 - 2012 - Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:52:33","indexId":"ofr20121252","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1252","title":"Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion","docAbstract":"Detecting, quantifying, and projecting historical and future changes in land use and land cover (LULC) has emerged as a core research area for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Changes in LULC are important drivers of changes to biogeochemical cycles, the exchange of energy between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, biodiversity, water quality, and climate change. To quantify the rates of recent historical LULC change, the USGS Land Cover Trends project recently completed a unique ecoregion-based assessment of late 20th century LULC change for the western United States. To characterize present LULC, the USGS and partners have created the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) for the years 1992, 2001, and 2006. Both Land Cover Trends and NLCD projects continue to evolve in an effort to better characterize historical and present LULC conditions and are the foundation of the data presented in this report.\n\nProjecting future changes in LULC requires an understanding of the rates and patterns of change, the major driving forces, and the socioeconomic and biophysical determinants and capacities of regions. The data presented in this report is the result of an effort by USGS scientists to downscale the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) to ecoregions of the conterminous United States as part of the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Assessment. The USGS biological carbon assessment was mandated by Section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. As part of the legislative mandate, the USGS is required to publish a methodology describing, in detail, the approach to be used for the assessment. The development of future LULC scenarios is described in chapter 3.2 and appendix A. Spatial modeling is described in chapter 3.3.2 and appendix B and in Sohl and others (2011). In this report, we briefly summarize the major components and methods used to downscale IPCC-SRES scenarios to ecoregions of the conterminous United States, followed by a description of the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion, and lastly a description of the data being published as part of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121252","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., Griffith, G., Acevedo, W., Bennett, S., Bouchard, M., Reker, R.R., Ryan, C., Sayler, K., Sleeter, R., and Soulard, C.E., 2012, Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1252, Report: iii, 14 p.; Appendices: A-C, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121252.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; Appendices: A-C","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037302","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265010,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/"},{"id":265011,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_text.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":265013,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_a_metadata","text":"Appendix A metadata"},{"id":265015,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_a-baseline_maps.zip","text":"Appendix A data"},{"id":265014,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_c-projected_LULC_2006-2100.zip","text":"Appendix C data"},{"id":265012,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_b-demand_table.zip","text":"Appendix B demand table"},{"id":265016,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_c_metadata","text":"Appendix C metadata"},{"id":265017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1252.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7857,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,49.0024 ], [ -114.13,49.0024 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cffee4b0a4aa5bb0aefd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara 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sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 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The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) provides data and describes the methodology used in creating the global database of moderate- to large-size dune fields on Mars. The database is being released in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. The first report (Hayward and others, 2007) included dune fields from lat 65° N. to 65° S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1158/). The second report (Hayward and others, 2010) included dune fields from lat 60° N. to 90° N. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1170/). This report encompasses ~75,000 km2 of mapped dune fields from lat 60° to 90° S. The dune fields included in this global database were initially located using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Infrared (IR) images. In the previous two reports, some dune fields may have been unintentionally excluded for two reasons: (1) incomplete THEMIS IR (daytime) coverage may have caused us to exclude some moderate- to large-size dune fields or (2) resolution of THEMIS IR coverage (100 m/pixel) certainly caused us to exclude smaller dune fields. In this report, mapping is more complete. The Arizona State University THEMIS daytime IR mosaic provided complete IR coverage, and it is unlikely that we missed any large dune fields in the South Pole (SP) region. In addition, the increased availability of higher resolution images resulted in the inclusion of more small (~1 km2) sand dune fields and sand patches. To maintain consistency with the previous releases, we have identified the sand features that would not have been included in earlier releases. While the moderate to large dune fields in MGD3 are likely to constitute the largest compilation of sediment on the planet, we acknowledge that our database excludes numerous small dune fields and some moderate to large dune fields as well. Please note that the absence of mapped dune fields does not mean that dune fields do not exist and is not intended to imply a lack of saltating sand in other areas. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS), Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow angle, Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera, or Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images allowed, we classified dunes and included some dune slipface measurements, which were derived from gross dune morphology and represent the approximate prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. It was beyond the scope of this report to look at the detail needed to discern subtle dune modification. It was also beyond the scope of this report to measure all slipfaces. We attempted to include enough slipface measurements to represent the general circulation (as implied by gross dune morphology) and to give a sense of the complex nature of aeolian activity on Mars. The absence of slipface measurements in a given direction should not be taken as evidence that winds in that direction did not occur. When a dune field was located within a crater, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid was calculated, as another possible indicator of wind direction. Output from a general circulation model is also included. In addition to polygons locating dune fields, the database includes ~700 of the THEMIS VIS and MOC images that were used to build the database.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121259","usgsCitation":"Hayward, R., Fenton, L., Titus, T., Colaprete, A., and Christensen, P.R., 2012, Mars global digital dune database: MC-30: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1259, Pamphlet: 8 p.; Map: 1 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; GIS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121259.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 8 p.; Map: 1 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; GIS","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039013","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1259.gif"},{"id":265040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1259/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d015e4b0a4aa5bb0af5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayward, R.K.","contributorId":31885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenton, L.K.","contributorId":102189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colaprete, A.","contributorId":26047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colaprete","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042282,"text":"70042282 - 2012 - Balancing precision and risk: should multiple detection methods be analyzed separately in N-mixture models?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T14:31:18","indexId":"70042282","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balancing precision and risk: should multiple detection methods be analyzed separately in N-mixture models?","docAbstract":"Using multiple detection methods can increase the number, kind, and distribution of individuals sampled, which may increase accuracy and precision and reduce cost of population abundance estimates. However, when variables influencing abundance are of interest, if individuals detected via different methods are influenced by the landscape differently, separate analysis of multiple detection methods may be more appropriate. We evaluated the effects of combining two detection methods on the identification of variables important to local abundance using detections of grizzly bears with hair traps (systematic) and bear rubs (opportunistic). We used hierarchical abundance models (N-mixture models) with separate model components for each detection method. If both methods sample the same population, the use of either data set alone should (1) lead to the selection of the same variables as important and (2) provide similar estimates of relative local abundance. We hypothesized that the inclusion of 2 detection methods versus either method alone should (3) yield more support for variables identified in single method analyses (i.e. fewer variables and models with greater weight), and (4) improve precision of covariate estimates for variables selected in both separate and combined analyses because sample size is larger. As expected, joint analysis of both methods increased precision as well as certainty in variable and model selection. However, the single-method analyses identified different variables and the resulting predicted abundances had different spatial distributions. We recommend comparing single-method and jointly modeled results to identify the presence of individual heterogeneity between detection methods in N-mixture models, along with consideration of detection probabilities, correlations among variables, and tolerance to risk of failing to identify variables important to a subset of the population. The benefits of increased precision should be weighed against those risks. The analysis framework presented here will be useful for other species exhibiting heterogeneity by detection method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0049410","usgsCitation":"Graves, T.A., Royle, J., Kendall, K.C., Beier, P., Stetz, J.B., and Macleod, A., 2012, Balancing precision and risk: should multiple detection methods be analyzed separately in N-mixture models?: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 12, 9 p.; e49410, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049410.","productDescription":"9 p.; e49410","ipdsId":"IP-042009","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265018,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049410"},{"id":265019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe4e4b0a4aa5bb0ae8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Tabitha A. 0000-0001-5145-2400 tgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-2400","contributorId":5898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Tabitha","email":"tgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beier, Paul","contributorId":100708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beier","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stetz, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":15493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Macleod, Amy C.","contributorId":65739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042280,"text":"70042280 - 2012 - Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T21:15:21","indexId":"70042280","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity","docAbstract":"Background Large-scale inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) projects are commonly proposed as solutions to water distribution and supply problems. These problems are likely to intensify under future population growth and climate change scenarios. Scarce data on the distribution of freshwater fishes frequently limits the ability to assess the potential implications of an IBWT project on freshwater fish communities. Because connectivity in habitat networks is expected to be critical to species' biogeography, consideration of changes in the relative isolation of riverine networks may provide a strategy for controlling impacts of IBWTs on freshwater fish communities Methods/Principal Findings Using empirical data on the current patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity for rivers of peninsular India, we show here how the spatial changes alone under an archetypal IBWT project will (1) reduce freshwater fish biodiversity system-wide, (2) alter patterns of local species richness, (3) expand distributions of widespread species throughout peninsular rivers, and (4) decrease community richness by increasing inter-basin similarity (a mechanism for the observed decrease in biodiversity). Given the complexity of the IBWT, many paths to partial or full completion of the project are possible. We evaluate two strategies for step-wise implementation of the 11 canals, based on economic or ecological considerations. We find that for each step in the project, the impacts on freshwater fish communities are sensitive to which canal is added to the network. Conclusions/Significance Importantly, ecological impacts can be reduced by associating the sequence in which canals are added to characteristics of the links, except for the case when all 11 canals are implemented simultaneously (at which point the sequence of canal addition is inconsequential). By identifying the fundamental relationship between the geometry of riverine networks and freshwater fish biodiversity, our results will aid in assessing impacts of IBWT projects and balancing ecosystem and societal demands for freshwater, even in cases where biodiversity data are limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0034170","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Lynch, H., Muneepeerakul, R., Muthukumarasamy, A., Rodríguez-Iturbe, I., and Fagan, W., 2012, Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 3, 7 p.; e34170, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170.","productDescription":"7 p.; e34170","ipdsId":"IP-035454","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265022,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170"},{"id":265023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d009e4b0a4aa5bb0af33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell","contributorId":14686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Heather J.","contributorId":23824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Heather J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muneepeerakul, Rachata","contributorId":66130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muneepeerakul","given":"Rachata","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muthukumarasamy, Arunachalam","contributorId":77016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muthukumarasamy","given":"Arunachalam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodríguez-Iturbe, Ignacio","contributorId":78626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Iturbe","given":"Ignacio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042275,"text":"ofr20121241 - 2012 - Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-04T14:50:35","indexId":"ofr20121241","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1241","title":"Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation","docAbstract":"In collaboration with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Strong Motion Project (NSMP; http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/) of the U.S. Geological Survey has been installing sophisticated seismic systems that will monitor the structural integrity of 28 VA hospital buildings located in seismically active regions of the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico during earthquake shaking. These advanced monitoring systems, which combine the use of sensitive accelerometers and real-time computer calculations, are designed to determine the structural health of each hospital building rapidly after an event, helping the VA to ensure the safety of patients and staff. This report presents the instrumentation component of this project by providing details of each hospital building, including a summary of its structural, geotechnical, and seismic hazard information, as well as instrumentation objectives and design. The structural-health monitoring component of the project, including data retrieval and processing, damage detection and localization, automated alerting system, and finally data dissemination, will be presented in a separate report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121241","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., Banga, K., Ulusoy, H.S., Fletcher, J.P., Leith, W.S., Reza, S., and Cheng, T., 2012, Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1241, xi, 143 p.; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121241.","productDescription":"xi, 143 p.; col. ill.; map (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"154","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041791","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265007,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1241/"},{"id":265008,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1241/of2012-1241.pdf"},{"id":265009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1241.gif"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfdde4b0a4aa5bb0ae64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banga, Krishna","contributorId":33152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banga","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulusoy, Hasan S. hulusoy@usgs.gov","contributorId":5360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulusoy","given":"Hasan","email":"hulusoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leith, William S. 0000-0002-3463-3119 wleith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-3119","contributorId":2248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","email":"wleith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reza, Shahneam sreza@usgs.gov","contributorId":5361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reza","given":"Shahneam","email":"sreza@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cheng, Timothy","contributorId":54869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003712,"text":"70003712 - 2012 - Species, functional groups, and thresholds in ecological resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T16:42:01","indexId":"70003712","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:35:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species, functional groups, and thresholds in ecological resilience","docAbstract":"The cross-scale resilience model states that ecological resilience is generated in part from the distribution of functions within and across scales in a system. Resilience is a measure of a system's ability to remain organized around a particular set of mutually reinforcing processes and structures, known as a regime. We define scale as the geographic extent over which a process operates and the frequency with which a process occurs. Species can be categorized into functional groups that are a link between ecosystem processes and structures and ecological resilience. We applied the cross-scale resilience model to avian species in a grassland ecosystem. A species’ morphology is shaped in part by its interaction with ecological structure and pattern, so animal body mass reflects the spatial and temporal distribution of resources. We used the log-transformed rank-ordered body masses of breeding birds associated with grasslands to identify aggregations and discontinuities in the distribution of those body masses. We assessed cross-scale resilience on the basis of 3 metrics: overall number of functional groups, number of functional groups within an aggregation, and the redundancy of functional groups across aggregations. We assessed how the loss of threatened species would affect cross-scale resilience by removing threatened species from the data set and recalculating values of the 3 metrics. We also determined whether more function was retained than expected after the loss of threatened species by comparing observed loss with simulated random loss in a Monte Carlo process. The observed distribution of function compared with the random simulated loss of function indicated that more functionality in the observed data set was retained than expected. On the basis of our results, we believe an ecosystem with a full complement of species can sustain considerable species losses without affecting the distribution of functions within and across aggregations, although ecological resilience is reduced. We propose that the mechanisms responsible for shaping discontinuous distributions of body mass and the nonrandom distribution of functions may also shape species losses such that local extinctions will be nonrandom with respect to the retention and distribution of functions and that the distribution of function within and across aggregations will be conserved despite extinctions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01822.x","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, S.M., Allen, C.R., and Barichievy, C., 2012, Species, functional groups, and thresholds in ecological resilience: Conservation Biology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 305-314, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01822.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-026575","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275417,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01822.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f25423e4b0279fe2e1c032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Shana M.","contributorId":7159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barichievy, Chris","contributorId":17119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichievy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047302,"text":"70047302 - 2012 - Building on previous OSL dating techniques for gypsum: a case study from Salt Basin playa, New Mexico and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T16:26:39","indexId":"70047302","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3216,"text":"Quaternary Geochronology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building on previous OSL dating techniques for gypsum: a case study from Salt Basin playa, New Mexico and Texas","docAbstract":"The long term stability and reliability of the luminescence signal for gypsum has not been well documented or systematically measured until just recently. A review of the current literature for luminescence dating of gypsum is compiled here along with original efforts at dating an intact and in-situ bed of selenite gypsum at Salt Basin Playa, New Mexico and Texas. This effort differs from other documented luminescence dating efforts because the gypsum is not powdery or redistributed from its original growth patterns within the playa basin but is instead of a crystalline form. Sixteen ages from eight cores were ultimately produced with seven of the ages coming from rare detrital quartz encased in or with the gypsum crystals while the remaining ages are from the crystalline gypsum. As far as can be ascertained, the quartz was measured separately from the gypsum and no contaminants were noted in any of the aliquots. Some basic and preliminary tests of signal stability were measured and found to be mitigated by lessening of pre-heat protocols. Ages ranged from 8 ka to 10 ka in the shallow cores and 16 ka to 22 ka in the deeper cores. These ages will be useful in determining rates of gypsum growth within a sequence of evaporates which, in turn, will help to better document historic rates of evaporation and thus estimate, with more precision, the corresponding annual evaporation rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Geochronology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.001","usgsCitation":"Mahan, S., and Kay, J., 2012, Building on previous OSL dating techniques for gypsum: a case study from Salt Basin playa, New Mexico and Texas: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 10, p. 345-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"352","ipdsId":"IP-034741","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275603,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.001"}],"country":"United States","city":"Texas;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.05,25.84 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -93.51,37.0 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -109.05,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e060e4b0cecbe8fa9859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":19239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kay, John","contributorId":108380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046871,"text":"70046871 - 2012 - Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:27:51","indexId":"70046871","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:19:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field","docAbstract":"Parkfield's regularly occurring M6 mainshocks, about every 25 years, have over two decades stoked seismologists' hopes to successfully predict an earthquake of significant size. However, with the longest known inter-event time of 38 years, the latest M6 in the series (28 Sep 2004) did not conform to any of the applied forecast models, questioning once more the predictability of earthquakes in general. Our study investigates the spatial pattern of b-values along the Parkfield segment through the seismic cycle and documents a stably stressed structure. The forecasted rate of M6 earthquakes based on Parkfield's microseismicity b-values corresponds well to observed rates. We interpret the observed b-value stability in terms of the evolution of the stress field in that area: the M6 Parkfield earthquakes do not fully unload the stress on the fault, explaining why time recurrent models fail. We present the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake as counter example, which did release a significant portion of the stress along its fault segment and yields a substantial change in b-values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012GL052913","usgsCitation":"Tormann, T., Wiemer, S., and Hardebeck, J.L., 2012, Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 18, L18310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052913.","productDescription":"L18310","ipdsId":"IP-034200","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274706,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052913"}],"volume":"39","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dfd3e2e4b0d332bf22f37d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tormann, Thessa","contributorId":13883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tormann","given":"Thessa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemer, Stefan","contributorId":81566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046946,"text":"70046946 - 2012 - Northwestern salamanders Ambystoma gracile in mountain lakes: record oviposition depths among salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-18T14:56:03","indexId":"70046946","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northwestern salamanders Ambystoma gracile in mountain lakes: record oviposition depths among salamanders","docAbstract":"Oviposition timing, behaviors, and microhabitats of ambystomatid salamanders vary considerably (Egan and Paton 2004; Figiel and Semlitsch 1995; Howard and Wallace 1985; Mac-Cracken 2007). Regardless of species, however, females typically oviposit using sites conducive to embryo development and survival. For example, the results of an experiment by Figiel and Semlitsch (1995) on Ambystoma opacum (Marbled Salamander) oviposition indicated that females actively selected sites that were under grass clumps in wet versus dry treatments, and surmised that environmental conditions such as humidity, moisture, and temperature contributed to their results. Other factors associated with ambystomatid oviposition and embryo survival include water temperature (Anderson 1972; Brown 1976), dissolved oxygen concentration (Petranka et al. 1982; Sacerdote and King 2009), oviposition depth (Dougherty et al. 2005; Egan and Paton 2004), and oviposition attachment structures such as woody vegetation (McCracken 2007; Nussbaum et al. 1983). Resetarits (1996), in creating a model of oviposition site selection for anuran amphibians, hypothesized that oviparous organisms were also capable of modifying oviposition behavior and site selection to accommodate varying habitat conditions and to minimize potential negative effects of environmental stressors. Kats and Sih (1992), investigating the oviposition of Ambystoma barbouri (Streamside Salamander) in pools of a Kentucky stream, found that females preferred pools without predatory Lepomis cyanellus (Green Sunfish), and that the number of egg masses present in a pool historically containing fish increased significantly the year after fish had been extirpated from the pool. Palen et al. (2005) determined that Ambystoma gracile (Northwestern Salamander) and Ambystoma macrodactylum (Longtoed Salamander) eggs were deposited either at increased depth or in full shaded habitats, respectively, as water transperancy to UV-B radiation increased.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SSAR","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., Pearl, C., Larson, G., and Samora, B., 2012, Northwestern salamanders Ambystoma gracile in mountain lakes: record oviposition depths among salamanders: Herpetological Review, v. 43, no. 4, p. 553-556.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"556","ipdsId":"IP-037373","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e90e61e4b0e157e9e86f15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, R. Jr.","contributorId":63290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, C.A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":30732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samora, B.","contributorId":10012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047610,"text":"70047610 - 2012 - Do Daphnia use metalimnetic organic matter in a north temperate lake? An analysis of vertical migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-14T14:53:05","indexId":"70047610","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:44:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do Daphnia use metalimnetic organic matter in a north temperate lake? An analysis of vertical migration","docAbstract":"Diel vertical migration of zooplankton is influenced by a variety of factors including predation, food, and temperature. Research has recently shifted from a focus on factors influencing migration to how migration affects nutrient cycling and habitat coupling. Here we evaluate the potential for Daphnia migrations to incorporate metalimnetic productivity in a well-studied northern Wisconsin lake. We use prior studies conducted between 1985 and 1990 and current diel migration data (2008) to compare day and night Daphnia vertical distributions with the depth of the metalimnion (between the thermocline and 1% light depth). Daphnia migrate from a daytime mean residence depth of between about 1.7 and 2.5 m to a nighttime mean residence depth of between 0 and 2.0 m. These migrations are consistent between the prior period and current measurements. Daytime residence depths of Daphnia are rarely deep enough to reach the metalimnion; hence, metalimnetic primary production is unlikely to be an important resource for Daphnia in this system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Inland Waters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Limnology","usgsCitation":"Brosseau, C.J., Cline, T.J., Cole, J.J., Hodgson, J.R., Pace, M., and Weidel, B., 2012, Do Daphnia use metalimnetic organic matter in a north temperate lake? An analysis of vertical migration: Inland Waters, v. 2, no. 4, p. 193-198.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-041611","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520ca6e4e4b081fa6136d3db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosseau, Chase Julian","contributorId":45213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosseau","given":"Chase","email":"","middleInitial":"Julian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cline, Timothy J.","contributorId":28889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Jonathan J.","contributorId":16738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgson, James R.","contributorId":74281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pace, Michael L.","contributorId":54498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70124276,"text":"70124276 - 2012 - Fire in Mediterranean climate ecosystems-A comparative overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T17:19:22.404349","indexId":"70124276","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:11:48","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2117,"text":"Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire in Mediterranean climate ecosystems-A comparative overview","docAbstract":"

Four regions of the world share a similar climate and structurally similar plant communities with the Mediterranean Basin. These five areas, known collectively as \"mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions\", are dominated by evergreen sclerophyllous-leaved shrublands, semi-deciduous scrub, and woodlands, all of which are prone to widespread crown fires. Summer droughts produce an annual fire hazard that contributes to a highly predictable fire regime. Fire has been an important factor driving the convergence of these systems and is reflected in plant traits such as lignotubers in resprouting shrubs and delayed reproduction that restricts recruitment to a postfire pulse of seedlings. On fertile soils where postfire resprouting is very rapid, opportunities for postfire seedling recruitment are limited and thus these woody taxa have not opted for delaying reproduction. Such fire-independent recruitment is widespread in the floras of MTC regions of the Mediterranean Basin and California and postfire seeding tends to dominate at the more arid end of the gradient. Due to very different geological histories in South Africa and Western Australia, substrates are nutrient poor and thus postfire resprouters do not pose a similar competitive challenge to seedlings and thus postfire seeding is very widespread in these floras. Although circumstantial evidence suggests that the MTC region of Chile had fire-prone landscapes in the Tertiary, these were lost with the late Miocene completion of the Andean uplift, which now blocks summer lightning storms from moving into the region. Today these five regions pose a significant fire management challenge due to the annual fire hazard and metropolitan centers juxtaposed with highly flammable vegetation. This challenge varies across the five MTC landscapes as a function of differences in regional fuel loads and population density.

","language":"English","publisher":"Brill","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2012, Fire in Mediterranean climate ecosystems-A comparative overview: Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution, v. 58, no. 2-3, p. 123-135.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-035085","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293770,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://brill.com/view/journals/ijee/58/2-3/article-p123_3.xml"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9a9e4b0239f1986ba72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044141,"text":"70044141 - 2012 - Igneous activity, metamorphism, and deformation in the Mount Rogers area of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: A geologic record of Precambrian tectonic evolution of the southern Blue Ridge Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T16:15:07","indexId":"70044141","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:10:48","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Igneous activity, metamorphism, and deformation in the Mount Rogers area of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: A geologic record of Precambrian tectonic evolution of the southern Blue Ridge Province","docAbstract":"Mesoproterozoic basement in the vicinity of Mount Rogers is characterized by considerable lithologic variability, including major map units composed of gneiss, amphibolite, migmatite, meta-quartz monzodiorite and various types of granitoid. SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and field mapping indicate that basement units define four types of occurrences, including (1) xenoliths of ca. 1.33 to ≥1.18 Ga age, (2) an early magmatic suite including meta-granitoids of ca. 1185–1140 Ma age that enclose or locally intrude the xenoliths, (3) metasedimentary rocks represented by layered granofels and biotite schist whose protoliths were likely deposited on the older meta-granitoids, and (4) a late magmatic suite composed of younger, ca. 1075–1030 Ma intrusive rocks of variable chemical composition that intruded the older rocks. The magmatic protolith of granofels constituting part of a layered, map-scale xenolith crystallized at ca. 1327 Ma, indicating that the lithology represents the oldest, intact crust presently recognized in the southern Appalachians. SHRIMP U-Pb data indicate that periods of regional Mesoproterozoic metamorphism occurred at 1170–1140 and 1070–1020 Ma. The near synchroneity in timing of regional metamorphism and magmatism suggests that magmas were emplaced into crust that was likely at near-solidus temperatures and that melts might have contributed to the regional heat budget. Much of the area is cut by numerous, generally east- to northeast-striking Paleozoic fault zones characterized by variable degrees of ductile deformation and recrystallization. These high-strain fault zones dismember the terrane, resulting in juxtaposition of units and transformation of basement lithologies to quartz- and mica-rich tectonites with protomylonitic and mylonitic textures. Mineral assemblages developed within such zones indicate that deformation and recrystallization likely occurred at greenschist-facies conditions at ca. 340 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From the Blue Ridge to the Coastal Plain: Field Excursions in the Southeastern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2012.0029(01)","usgsCitation":"Tollo, R.P., Aleinikoff, J.N., Mundil, R., Southworth, C.S., Cosca, M.A., Rankin, D., Rubin, A.E., Kentner, A., Parendo, C.A., and Ray, M.S., 2012, Igneous activity, metamorphism, and deformation in the Mount Rogers area of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: A geologic record of Precambrian tectonic evolution of the southern Blue Ridge Province, chap. of From the Blue Ridge to the Coastal Plain: Field Excursions in the Southeastern United States, v. 29, p. 1-66, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.0029(01).","productDescription":"67 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-039522","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278457,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2012.0029(01)"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Province","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b9307e4b058918d0acc14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollo, Richard P.","contributorId":6465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollo","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mundil, Roland","contributorId":23061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundil","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Southworth, C. Scott 0000-0002-7976-7807 ssouthwo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-7807","contributorId":1608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.","email":"ssouthwo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rubin, Allison E.","contributorId":43664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kentner, Adrienne","contributorId":34818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kentner","given":"Adrienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Parendo, Christopher A.","contributorId":23839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parendo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ray, Molly S.","contributorId":62131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70039016,"text":"70039016 - 2012 - Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T15:49:17","indexId":"70039016","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:04:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices","docAbstract":"Phenological data are simple yet sensitive indicators of climate change impacts on ecosystems, but observations have not been made routinely or extensively enough to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns across most continents, including North America. As an alternative, many studies use weather-based algorithms to simulate specific phenological responses. Spring Indices (SI) are a set of complex phenological models that have been successfully applied to evaluate variations and trends in the onset of spring across the Northern Hemisphere’s temperate regions. To date, SI models have been limited by only producing output in locations where both the plants’ chilling and warmth requirements are met. Here, we develop an extended form of the SI (abbreviated SI-x) that expands their application into the subtropics by ignoring chilling requirements while still retaining the utility and accuracy of the original SI (now abbreviated SI-o). The validity of the new indices is tested, and regional SI anomalies are explored across the data-rich continental United States. SI-x variations from 1900 to 2010 show an abrupt and sustained delay in spring onset of about 4–8 d (around 1958) in parts of the Southeast and southern Great Plains, and a comparable advance of 4–8 d (around 1984) in parts of the northern Great Plains and the West. Atmospheric circulation anomalies, linked to large-scale modes of variability, exert modest but significant roles in the timing of spring onset across the United States on interannual and longer timescales. The SI-x are promising metrics for tracking spring onset variations and trends in mid-latitudes, relating them to relevant ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic phenomena, and exploring connections between atmospheric drivers and seasonal timing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Climatology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.3625","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M., Ault, T., and Betancourt, J.L., 2012, Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices: International Journal of Climatology, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3625.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039075","costCenters":[{"id":147,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282778,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3625"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.38333 ], [ -66.95,49.38333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd73d8e4b0b290851092da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":11092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ault, Toby R.","contributorId":48852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"Toby R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047653,"text":"70047653 - 2012 - Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T12:53:23","indexId":"70047653","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Nebraska","docAbstract":"

Ants are ubiquitous and influential organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. About 1,000 ant species occur in North America, where they are found in nearly every habitat (Fisher and Cover 2007). Ants are critical to ecological processes and structure. Ants affect soils via tunneling activity (Baxter and Hole 1967), disperse plant seeds (Lengyel et al. 2009), prey upon a variety of insects and other invertebrates (Way and Khoo 1992, Folgarait 1998), are often effective primary consumers through their prodigious consumption of floral and especially extrafloral nectar, and honeydew (Tobin 1994), and serve as prey for invertebrates (Gotelli 1996, Gastreich 1999) and vertebrates (Reiss 2001).

","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","usgsCitation":"Nemec, K.T., Trager, J.C., Manley, E., and Allen, C.R., 2012, Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Nebraska: Prairie Naturalist, v. 44, no. 1, p. 63-65.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037094","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":301280,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/2012-archive.cfm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f49e1e4b0fc50304bc4ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemec, Kristine T.","contributorId":24650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemec","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trager, James C.","contributorId":17518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trager","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manley, Elizabeth","contributorId":52871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045858,"text":"70045858 - 2012 - Saliendo del circulo vicioso: Gestiones alternativas para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la pesca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:07:11","indexId":"70045858","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3288,"text":"Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saliendo del circulo vicioso: Gestiones alternativas para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la pesca","docAbstract":"The management of fisheries has historically focused on maintaining maximum sustained yields of single species. This approach generally ignored the broader social-ecological context that consists of coupled systems of people and nature, and resulted in the overexploitation of many fisheries globally, including many in Latin America. There are severe negative repercussion of overfishing, on both ecosystems and humans that rely on food and income provided by fisheries. Traditional management schemes based on maximizing should be replaced with approaches that explicitly recognize the coupling of social and ecological systems. We suggest a resilience approach that focuses on tradeoffs as a means of guaranteeing outputs over a broad range of conditions and avoiding undesirable thresholds. Resilience approaches may on average produce lower annual yields, but are more likely to allow the continued provision of multiple goods and services. A resilience approach requires scientifically derived data and consistent monitoring, and will not be successful if feedbacks between ecosystems and humans are ignored. The words \"Fisheries\" and \"Sustainability\" do not comprise an oxymoron but a logical partnership in resilience management. People and institutions engaged in Latin-American fisheries management have an opportunity to lead in the development of sustainable fisheries management with a resilience-based approach. Here we describe such an approach, and the steps necessary to ensure success.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Spanish","publisher":"Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora","usgsCitation":"Angeler, D., Pope, K., and Allen, C.R., 2012, Saliendo del circulo vicioso: Gestiones alternativas para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la pesca: Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales, v. 8, no. 2, p. 76-89.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-045467","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275455,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.itson.mx/publicaciones/rlrn/Documents/v8-n2-4-saliendo-del-circulo-vicioso-gestiones-alternativas-para-garantizar-la-sostenibilidad-de-la-pesca.pdf"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a66e4b0a32220222f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeler, D.G.","contributorId":90619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, K.L.","contributorId":20454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046851,"text":"70046851 - 2012 - Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-11T13:12:01","indexId":"70046851","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:01:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific","docAbstract":"A unique set of ferromanganese crusts and nodules collected from Shatsky Rise (SR), NW Pacific, were analyzed for mineralogical and chemical compositions, and dated using Be isotopes and cobalt chronometry. The composition of these midlatitude, deep-water deposits is markedly different from northwest-equatorial Pacific (PCZ) crusts, where most studies have been conducted. Crusts and nodules on SR formed in close proximity and some nodule deposits were cemented and overgrown by crusts, forming amalgamated deposits. The deep-water SR crusts are high in Cu, Li, and Th and low in Co, Te, and Tl concentrations compared to PCZ crusts. Thorium concentrations (ppm) are especially striking with a high of 152 (mean 56), compared to PCZ crusts (mean 11). The deep-water SR crusts show a diagenetic chemical signal, but not a diagenetic mineralogy, which together constrain the redox conditions to early oxic diagenesis. Diagenetic input to crusts is rare, but unequivocal in these deep-water crusts. Copper, Ni, and Li are strongly enriched in SR deep-water deposits, but only in layers older than about 3.4 Ma. Diagenetic reactions in the sediment and dissolution of biogenic calcite in the water column are the likely sources of these metals. The highest concentrations of Li are in crust layers that formed near the calcite compensation depth. The onset of Ni, Cu, and Li enrichment in the middle Miocene and cessation at about 3.4 Ma were accompanied by changes in the deep-water environment, especially composition and flow rates of water masses, and location of the carbonate compensation depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012GC004286","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Conrad, T., Frank, M., Christl, M., and Sager, W., 2012, Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 10, Q10022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004286.","productDescription":"Q10022","ipdsId":"IP-041319","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":274879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274878,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004286"}],"otherGeospatial":"Shatsky Rise","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 152.0,30.0 ], [ 152.0,44.0 ], [ 168.0,44.0 ], [ 168.0,30.0 ], [ 152.0,30.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dfd3e1e4b0d332bf22f372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, T.A.","contributorId":21791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christl, M.","contributorId":76626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christl","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sager, W.W.","contributorId":54487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sager","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}