{"pageNumber":"1504","pageRowStart":"37575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41028,"records":[{"id":27259,"text":"wri844317 - 1984 - Preliminary study of the aquifers of the lower Mesilla Valley in Texas and New Mexico by model simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T20:16:34.84596","indexId":"wri844317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4317","title":"Preliminary study of the aquifers of the lower Mesilla Valley in Texas and New Mexico by model simulation","docAbstract":"<p>The aquifers in the lower Mesilla Valley of Texas and New Mexico provide water for irrigation, industrial use, and municipal supply. At present (1984), the shallow aquifer is used principally for irrigation. The medium-depth aquifer (the top of which is about 160 to 260 feet below land surface) and deep aquifer (about 460 to 680 feet below land surface) are used almost exclusively by the city of El Paso to provide about 28 percent of the city's ground-water withdrawal of about 82,000 acre-feet in 1980; however, a small percentage of the pumpage is from the shallow aquifer. The potential use of the medium-depth and deep aquifers for irrigation, together with a planned increase in pumping by the city, is causing concern on the part of El Paso water planners over the impact of this development on the limited supply from the two aquifers.</p>\n<p>A three-dimensional digital model of the aquifers was developed to evaluate the responses of water levels to various plans of development, with particular emphasis on the medium-depth and deep aquifers in and near the Canutillo well field. Simulations also were made to show the effect of eliminating seepage from the Rio Grande to the aquifer system.</p>\n<p>The model simulations indicate that if pumpage by the city of El Paso during 1^76-80 increases to 10,000 acre-feet, per year from the medium-depth aquifer and to 20,000 acre-feet per year from the deep aquifer, and elsewhere in the study area pumping was held constant at the 1975 rate, then additional lowering of water levels in representative observation wells would be as much as 24 feet in the medium-depth aquifer and as much as 52 feet in the deep aquifer. The water levels would decline sharply during the first few months, after which the levels would become nearly stable because the leakage between the aquifers probably is enough to balance the increased pumpage. The model also indicated that lining of the channel of the Rio Grande would result in an additional lowering of water levels in representative observation wells by 10 feet in the medium-depth aquifer and 8 feet in the deep aquifer.</p>\n<p>The accuracy of water levels simulated by a model is dependent on the accuracy and distribution of input data and how well model boundary conditions approximate actual boundary conditions. Because of a lack of hydro!ogic data (especial ly water-1 evel information) everywhere except the Canutillo wellfield area, because the simulated cone of depression reached two boundaries, and because the model contained an error and several deficiencies as explained in the \"Discussion\" section, the simulated results need to be interpreted carefully. The authors believe that the simulated results could be used best as a preliminary and conceptual evaluation of the pumping effects at the Canutillo well field, not as a quantitative interpretation. Although the patterns of simulated hydrographs of water-level change in observation wells in the Canutillo field generally may be correct, the amount of change simulated probably is not correct.</p>\n<p>Because the salinity of water in all three aquifers south of Canutillo is greater than elsewhere in the study area, there is potential for movement of this water northward toward the Canutillo well field if the cone of depression reaches that part of the aquifer system. This potential should be evaluated in future geohydrologic studies of the lower Mesilla Valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri844317","usgsCitation":"Gates, J.S., White, D., and Leggat, E., 1984, Preliminary study of the aquifers of the lower Mesilla Valley in Texas and New Mexico by model simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4317, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844317.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36158.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4317/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"lower Mesilla Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.583,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.633,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.633,\n              31.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.583,\n              31.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.583,\n              32\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, J. S.","contributorId":99553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":20729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":197812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leggat, E. R.","contributorId":28222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leggat","given":"E. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":36559,"text":"fwsobs82_10_46 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Muskrat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:20:09.558776","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_46","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.46","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Muskrat","docAbstract":"<p>The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is the most valuable semi-aquatic furbearer in North America, with a total fur trade income in the millions of dollars (Willner et al. 1980). With the exception of Florida, and coastal Georgia and South Carol ina, native and introduced populations of muskrats occur throughout most of North America. Muskrats are an important component of the marsh ecosystem, serving as a food source for many predators (Wilson 1968), and can have a major impact on wetland vegetation (O'Neil 1949; Errington 1961, 1963; Weller and Spatcher 1965).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., and Hoffman, R.D., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Muskrat: FWS/OBS 82/10.46, vi, 27 p.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert D.","contributorId":104126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":36578,"text":"fwsobs82_10_56 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Walleye","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:19:36.985384","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_56","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.56","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Walleye","docAbstract":"<p>The wall eye is native to freshwater ri vers and 1akes of Canada and the United States, with rare occurrences in brackish water (Scott and Crossman 1973). In the United States, its native range occurs primarily in drainages east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Appalachians; however, it has been widely introduced into reservoirs outside its native range (Colby et al. 1979). Walleye hybridize with sauger (S. canadense) and blue pike (S. v. glaucum) (Scott and Crossman 1973).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McMahon, T., Terrell, J.W., and Nelson, P.C., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Walleye: FWS/OBS 82/10.56, viii, 43 p.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Thomas E.","contributorId":93548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":216575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Patrick C.","contributorId":68799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":36581,"text":"fwsobs82_10_60 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:19:15.342738","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_60","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.60","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Rainbow trout","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop riverine and lacustrine habitat models for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), a freshwater species. The models are scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for freshwater areas of the continental United States. Other habitat suitability models found in the literature are also included. Habitat suitability indexes (HSI's) are designed for use with the habitat evaluation procedures developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\r\n\r\nAlso included are discussions of Suitability Index (SI) curves as used in the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and SI curves available for an IFIM analysis of Fallfish habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Raleigh, R.F., Hickman, T., Solomon, R.C., and Nelson, P.C., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Rainbow trout: FWS/OBS 82/10.60, viii, 64 p.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raleigh, Robert F.","contributorId":49841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Terry","contributorId":21207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, R. Charles","contributorId":32585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Patrick C.","contributorId":68799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":36584,"text":"fwsobs82_10_63 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:18:47.355463","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_63","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.63","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black brant","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a habitat suitability index model for wintering habitat of the black brant (Branta bernicla nigracans). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application and is scaled to produce an index value between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). Habitat suitability index (HSI) models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black brant: FWS/OBS 82/10.63, vi, 11 p.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":36585,"text":"fwsobs82_10_65 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Pronghorn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:18:27.048252","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_65","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.65","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Pronghorn","docAbstract":"This is one of a series of publications that provide information on the habitat\r\nrequirements of selected fish and wildlife species. Literature describing the\r\nrelationship between habitat variables related to life requisites and habitat\r\nsuitability for the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are synthesized. These\r\ndata are subsequently used to develop Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models.\r\nThe HSI models are designed to provide information that can be used in impact\r\nassessment and habitat management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., Cook, J.G., and Armbruster, M.J., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Pronghorn: FWS/OBS 82/10.65, viii, 22 p.","productDescription":"viii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64979f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, John G.","contributorId":12903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armbruster, Michael J.","contributorId":16884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":36586,"text":"fwsobs82_10_67 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Warmouth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:17:57.101849","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_67","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.67","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Warmouth","docAbstract":"<p>The wa rmouth (Lepomi s gul osus) occurs naturally throughout the central and southeastern United States. It is distributed throughout Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri, north to southern Wisconsin, lower Michigan, Lake Erie, and western Pennsylvania, and south to Florida and west through the Gulf States to the Rio Grande (Hubbs and Lagler 1947; Larimore 1957). It has been introduced into California (Hubble 1966; Moyle 1976), Arizona (Minckley 1973), and other western states (Smith 1896).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McMahon, T., Gebhart, G., Maughan, O.E., and Nelson, P.C., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Warmouth: FWS/OBS 82/10.67, vi, 21 p.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Thomas E.","contributorId":93548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gebhart, Glen","contributorId":52237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebhart","given":"Glen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maughan, O. Eugene","contributorId":43006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Patrick C.","contributorId":68799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":36587,"text":"fwsobs82_10_68 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: American black duck (wintering)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:17:29.070511","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_68","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.68","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: American black duck (wintering)","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe American black duck, commonly known as the black duck, is migratory and has a wide geographic range. American black ducks breed from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, west to the Mississippi River and north through the eastern Canadian boreal forest (Bellrose 1976). The winter range extends from the Rio Grande River on the Texas coast, northeast to Lake Michigan, east to Nova Scotia, south to Florida, and west to Texas (Wright 1954).\r\n\r\nAmerican black ducks arrive on their wintering habitats between September and early December and remain there until February to April (Bellrose 1976). Their preferred habitat varies considerably through the wintering range. Habitat use appears related to food availability, freedom from disturbance, weather, and often upon the presence of large bodies of open water. These interrelated elements are essential for meeting the energy demands and other nutritional requirements of black ducks in response to the rigors of cold weather and migration.\r\n\r\nIn the Atlantic Flyway, winter populations of American black ducks concentrate in marine and estuarine wetlands (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1979). They use salt marshes and small tidal bays for feeding and loafing areas. In wintering areas north of Chesapeake Bay, American black ducks frequently feed on tidal flats and rest in emergent wetlands or on ice-free bays, rivers, and coastal reservoirs. In the Chesapeake bay area, migrant and wintering American black ducks occupy a wide variety of habitats (Stewart 1962). They strongly favor brackish bays with extensive adjacent agricultural lands. Estuarine bays, coastal salt marshes, tidal fresh marshes, and adjacent impoundments receive high usage. American black ducks also concentrate in forested wetlands in and adjacent to estuaries in the South Atlantic Flyway, especially in Virginia and North Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J., and Garrison, R.L., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: American black duck (wintering): FWS/OBS 82/10.68, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, James C.","contributorId":88799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, Russell L.","contributorId":107346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":36588,"text":"fwsobs82_10_69 - 1984 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Western grebe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:15:48.727485","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_69","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.69","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Western grebe","docAbstract":"<p>The western grebe (Aechmophorus occi denta 1is) \"breeds from southeastern Alaska, south-central British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba south to southern Californi a, north-central Utah, southwestern Colorado, southwest~rn and northeastern New Mexico, western Nebraska, northwestern Iowa, and western Minnesota; and locally in Mexico from Chihuahua and Durango south to northern Guerrero, Puebla and San Luis Potosi\" (American Ornithologists' Union 1983:10).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Short, H.L., 1984, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Western grebe: FWS/OBS 82/10.69, vi, 20 p.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, Henry L.","contributorId":58695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38566,"text":"pp1302 - 1984 - Basic concepts of kinematic-wave models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T14:00:28","indexId":"pp1302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1302","title":"Basic concepts of kinematic-wave models","docAbstract":"<p>The kinematic-wave model is one of a number of approximations of the dynamic-wave model. The dynamic-wave model describes onedimensional shallow-water waves (unsteady, gradually varied, openchannel flow). This report provides a basic reference on the theory and applications of the kinematic-wave model and describes the limitations of the model in relation to the other approximations of the dynamic-wave model. In the kinematic-wave approximation, a number of the terms in the equation of motion are assumed to be insignificant. The equation of motion is replaced by an equation describing uniform flow. Thus, the kinematic-wave model is described by the continuity equation and a uniform-flow equation such as the wellknown Chezy or Manning formulas. Kinematic-wave models are applicable to overland flow where lateral inflow is continuously added and is a large part of the total flow. For channel-routing applications, the kinematic-wave model always predicts a steeper wave with less dispersion and attenuation than actually occurs. The effect of the accumulation of errors in the kinematic-wave model shows that the approximations made in the development of the kinematic-wave equations are not generally justified for most channel-routing applications. Modified flow-routing models can be used which help to stop the accumulation of errors that occur when the kinematic-wave model is applied.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1302","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., 1984, Basic concepts of kinematic-wave models: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1302, vi, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1302.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":65341,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1302/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.E.","contributorId":63058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38561,"text":"pp1295 - 1984 - Glastonbury Gneiss and mantling rocks (a modified Oliverian dome) in south-central Massachusetts and north-central Connecticut: Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and isotopic age","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49319,"text":"ofr77544 - 1977 - Seismic refraction time-distance curves, Carolina, Hope Valley, and Kingston quadrangles, Rhode Island","indexId":"ofr77544","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Seismic refraction time-distance curves, Carolina, Hope Valley, and Kingston quadrangles, Rhode Island"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38561,"text":"pp1295 - 1984 - Glastonbury Gneiss and mantling rocks (a modified Oliverian dome) in south-central Massachusetts and north-central Connecticut: Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and isotopic age","indexId":"pp1295","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Glastonbury Gneiss and mantling rocks (a modified Oliverian dome) in south-central Massachusetts and north-central Connecticut: Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and isotopic age"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T20:09:55.708609","indexId":"pp1295","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1295","title":"Glastonbury Gneiss and mantling rocks (a modified Oliverian dome) in south-central Massachusetts and north-central Connecticut: Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and isotopic age","docAbstract":"The Glastonbury dome is a long, narrow structure trending approximately 70 km north-northeast through Connecticut and Massachusetts along the west side of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium. Structurally and stratigraphically the dome is analogous to the Oliverian domes of New Hampshire. It is cored by Glastonbury Gneiss and is mantled by Ammonoosuc Volcanics and Partridge Formation (or their equivalents) of Ordovician age. The Glastonbury Gneiss intrudes the Ammonoosuc and, thereby, establishes the relative age of the two units. Monson Gneiss, which unconformably underlies the Ammonoosuc Volcanics in the Monson anticline to the east, is not in contact with Glastonbury Gneiss except near Stafford Springs, Conn., where the contact may be gradational. In some places, Monson Gneiss shows evidence of plastic flow and potential anatexis. The northern part of the Glastonbury Gneiss typically is leucocratic, granoblastic, relatively potassium-poor gneiss that appears homogeneous in outcrop, but proves to be chemically and modally inhomogeneous over short distances, as shown by variation diagrams and REE plots. The gneiss straddles the compositional fields of trondhjemite, tonalite, and granodiorite, and partly overlaps that of Monson Gneiss. The southern part of the Glastonbury Gneiss is consistently more potassic than the northern, having compositions ranging from granite to granodiorite. All of the Glastonbury Gneiss show pervasive, strong foliation, deformation, and local shearing related to the Acadian orogeny. \r\n\r\nField relations, textures, and chemistry of the northern part of the Glastonbury suggest an origin by anatexis of the premetamorphic Monson sequence at temperatures of about 690 DC to 750 DC and pressures of <3kbars. The southern part of the Glastonbury appears to have been generated contemporaneously but not comagmatically from calcalkaline crust. U-Pb zircon ages for both the northern and southern bodies are slightly discordant with 207PbfosPb ages of 445 to 467 m.y. At first these results seem to contradict the known stratigraphic position of the Glastonbury relative to the Monson, which yields distinctly younger zircon 207PbfosPb ages of 428 to 440 m.y. However, this apparent discrepancy in the radiometric ages-younger Monson, older Glastonbury-could be resolved by postulating either (1) a small component of old inherited zircon in the Glastonbury or (2) preferential metamorphic overprinting of the zircon in the Monson. In any case, the isotopic age discrepancy is not so large as to render the proposed Monson anatectic model implausible. Rb-Sr whole-rock data show a large amount of scatter on an isochron diagram and hence do not permit a reliable estimate of age. This condition may reflect inhomogeneities in the initial 87S r /8SS r ratio or may have been also induced by later Acadian or Alleghanian metamorphism. \r\n\r\nAn early Silurian to Middle Ordovician age of the Glastonbury Gneiss gives evidence of higher heat flow and more extensive plutonism in the Taconic than has generally been recognized. With certain qualifications, the Glastonbury and associated volcanic rocks are compatible with recent plate-tectonic models involving the Bronson Hill anticlinorium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1295","usgsCitation":"Leo, G.W., Zartman, R., and Brookins, D.G., 1984, Glastonbury Gneiss and mantling rocks (a modified Oliverian dome) in south-central Massachusetts and north-central Connecticut: Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and isotopic age (Supercedes OFR 77-544): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1295, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1295.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410878,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74531.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1295/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1295/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut,  Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.25,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.625,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.625,\n              41.5772\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.25,\n              41.5772\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.25,\n              42.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Supercedes OFR 77-544","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674deb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leo, G. W.","contributorId":102899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leo","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brookins, D. G.","contributorId":93963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38551,"text":"pp1284 - 1984 - Batholithic rocks of Southern California: A model for the petrochemical nature of their source materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T21:00:00.55512","indexId":"pp1284","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1284","title":"Batholithic rocks of Southern California: A model for the petrochemical nature of their source materials","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1284","usgsCitation":"Baird, A.K., and Miesch, A., 1984, Batholithic rocks of Southern California: A model for the petrochemical nature of their source materials: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1284, iii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1284.","productDescription":"iii, 42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407185,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74524.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65320,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1284/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.3236,\n              32.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7917,\n              32.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7917,\n              34.5667\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3236,\n              34.5667\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3236,\n              32.9\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640b33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baird, A. K.","contributorId":65148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38513,"text":"pp1342 - 1984 - The evolution of the southern California uplift, 1955 through 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:11:50","indexId":"pp1342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1342","title":"The evolution of the southern California uplift, 1955 through 1976","docAbstract":"<p>The southern California uplift culminated in 1974 as a 150- km-wide crustal swell that extended about 600 km eastward and east-southeastward from Point Arguello to the Colorado River and Salton Sea, respectively; it was characterized by remarkably uniform height changes between 1959 and 1974 of 0.30-0.35 m over at least half of its 60,000-70,000 km<sup>2</sup> area. At its zenith, the uplift included virtually the entire Transverse Ranges geologic province and parts of the Coast Ranges, San Joaquin Valley, Sierra Nevada, Basin and Range, Mojave Desert, Peninsular Ranges, and Salton Trough provinces. The alinement of the western part of the uplift closely paralleled the east-trending Transverse Ranges, whereas the southern flank of the eastern lobe roughly coincided with the west-northwest-trending San Andreas fault. The position and configuration of the uplift associate it with a singularly complex section of the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates that has certainly sustained major modification during the past 5 million years and probably during the past 1 million years. </p><p>Surface deformation can be categorized as tectonic or nontectonic. Nontectonic vertical displacements associated with the activities of man have overwhelmed natural compaction and areally significant soil expansion in the southern California area. Because tectonic displacements are implicitly defined as those that cannot be otherwise explained, those vertical movements that can be reasonably attributed to artificial processes have been subtracted from our reconstructed configurations of the uplift. Hence this reconstruction has necessarily included the assembly and evaluation of an enormous volume of data on oil-field operations, changes in ground-water levels, and measured subsidence (or rebound) associated with changes in the underground fluid regimen. </p><p>Measured changes in height at various stages in the evolution of the uplift have been based chiefly on first-order levelings carried out between 1953 and 1976. Exceptions to this generalization consist largely of the results of pre-1953 surveys through the western Transverse Ranges and the eastern Mojave Desert. Errors in measured height differences derive from blunders, systematic survey errors, random survey errors, improperly formulated orthometric corrections, and intrasurvey movement; the last of these has created the most serious problems encountered in our reconstruction of the basic data. A variety of independent tests indicate that survey error associated with the utilized levelings was generally small and fell largely within the predicted random-error range. Moreover, the redundancy and coherence displayed by the entire data set provide convincing evidence of survey accuracy and the virtual absence of height- and slope-dependent error in particular. </p><p>Our reconstructions of the changing configuration of the uplift derive chiefly from comparisons among sequentially developed observed elevations along the same route. Most of the observed elevations from which the vertical displacements were computed have been reconstructed with respect to bench mark Tidal 8, San Pedro, as invariant in height. Because the San Pedro tide station has been characterized by a history of modest relative uplift, vertical displacements referred to this station are biased slightly toward the appearance of subsidence. Where the observed elevations cannot be conveniently tied to Tidal 8, they have been referred to secondary control points whose history with respect to Tidal 8 can be independently established. Each of the lines of observed elevation changes provides, accordingly, a section athwart or along the axis of the uplift from which the changes in the configuration of the uplift can be roughly generalized. Because relatively few surveys were run in 1955, which we choose as a representative temporal datum, we have commonly incorporated the results of earlier or of somewhat later levelings as the equivalents of 1955 surveys. Although this procedure introduces a certain subjectivity, the probable equivalence between the results of these earlier or later surveys with those that would have been obtained had this leveling been carried out in 1955, usually can be independently tested. Wherever the calculated vertical displacements are based on comparisons between the results of levelings over different routes, the observed elevations have been orthometrically corrected to agree with those that would have been produced had each of these surveys been along the same route. </p><p>The growth of the southern California uplift consisted of two well-defined spasms of positive movement, the second of which was closely followed by partial collapse. Our reconstruction, although it clearly errs in detail, indicates that the uplift, together with marginal and apparently ephemeral tectonic subsidence, nucleated in the west-central Transverse Ranges near Ozena, sometime between the spring of 1959 and the spring of 1960. The uplift expanded rapidly eastward (and probably westward as well), and by the fall of 1961 much of the Transverse Ranges and the Mojave Desert at least as far east as Twentynine Palms had risen by as much as 0.25 m. Between 1962 and 1972 the area included by the initially developed (1959-61) uplift sustained additional but clearly decelerating uplift accompanied locally by oscillatory displacements. Between 1972/ 73 and 1974 a second crustal spasm extended the uplift eastward to the Colorado River and elevated much of the eastern Mojave Desert by values that equaled or exceeded those developed within the western lobe. Between 1974 and 1976, at least the central part of the uplift sustained partial collapse that nowhere amounted to less than 50 percent of the cumulative uplift since 1959. Whether this collapse affected the entire uplift is conjectural, but we now recognize well-defined evidence of major down-to-the-north tilting that must have occurred within the eastern part of the uplift at some time between 1974 and 1976. </p><p>Accumulating evidence indicates that nearly all the area included with the southern California uplift underwent similar uplift and partial collapse during the early part of the 20th century. Thus we infer that the recent uplift represents but a single event in an ongoing, more or less cyclic deformational process characterized by a period of about 50 years. Even though less than two full cycles are expressed in the geodetic&nbsp;record, the cumulative rate of uplift near the center of the recent uplift probably has averaged about 5 mm/yr, a value that is roughly consistent with the uplift rates that have been deduced for the late Quaternary emergent marine terraces along the south flank of the Transverse Ranges. </p><p>Although the evolution of the recent uplift is relatively well defined, its correlation with the regional seismicity is poorly defined. A comparison between the occurrence of southern California earthquakes of magnitude ≥4 during the period 1932 to 1976 with the 1974 configuration of the uplift demonstrates the existence of (1) relatively aseismic areas within the western lobe of the uplift (in the western Transverse Ranges), in the central part of the uplift (in the western Mojave Desert), and along an east-trending zone that extends into the eastern Mojave athwart the south flank of the uplift (north of the Salton Sea) and (2) localized concentrations of seismic activity along the flanks of the uplift. Moreover, 9 of the 10 largest earthquakes recorded within or around the area of the southern California uplift during the period 1932 to 1976 (the 1933 Long Beach, the 1941 Santa Barbara, the 1946 Walker Pass, the 1947 Manix, the 1948 Desert Hot Springs, and the four major 1952 Kern County shocks) occurred before the inception of the uplift in 1959 or 1960. </p><p>The area embraced by the southern California uplift has been identified with geodetically defined horizontal strain, part of which may have accumulated as a major north-south contractional event that roughly coincided with the first spasm of uplift. Nonetheless, continuing contractional strain associated with regionally developed partial collapse argues that the uplift cannot be fully explained simply as the vertical expression of continuing north-south compression. Consideration of the two well-defined historical episodes of uplift and partial collapse indicate that the southern California uplift may be the product of decoupling and viscous flow beneath the seismogenic zone, presumably driven by continuing motion between the irregularly margined plates south of the great bend of the San Andreas fault. Because the magnitude of the maximum uplift associated with each episode was approximately the same, there may be some threshold value above which collapse (viscous flow) may ensue; the absence of total collapse may be a function of precollapse strain hardening within the postulated subseismogenic viscoelastic layer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1342","usgsCitation":"Castle, R.O., Elliot, M.R., Church, J.P., and Wood, S.H., 1984, The evolution of the southern California uplift, 1955 through 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1342, Report: vii, 136 p.; 16 Plates: 48 x 50.5 inches or less, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1342.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 136 p.; 16 Plates: 48 x 50.5 inches or less","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":65240,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-07.pdf","text":"Plate 7","size":"973.46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 7"},{"id":65241,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-09.pdf","text":"Plate 9","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 9"},{"id":65242,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-10.pdf","text":"Plate 10","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 10"},{"id":65239,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-06.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"915.38 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 6"},{"id":65243,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-11.pdf","text":"Plate 11","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 11"},{"id":65244,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-12.pdf","text":"Plate 12","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 12"},{"id":119174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65245,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-13.pdf","text":"Plate 13","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 13"},{"id":65247,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-15.pdf","text":"Plate 15","size":"1.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 15"},{"id":65248,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-16.pdf","text":"Plate 16","size":"2.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 16"},{"id":65246,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-14.pdf","text":"Plate 14","size":"751.57 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 14"},{"id":65249,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":65235,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"3.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":65236,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"3.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":65237,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-03.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"4.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":65238,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-05.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"1.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 5"},{"id":104605,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4807.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4807"},{"id":264148,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-08_b.pdf","text":"Plate 8B","size":"4.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 8B"},{"id":264147,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-08_a.pdf","text":"Plate 8A","size":"1.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 8A"},{"id":340353,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1342/plate-04.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.6,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6,\n              37.58811876638322\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.618408203125,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.354736328125,\n              36.97622678464096\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15698242187499,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              36.62434536776987\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.025146484375,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.77246093750001,\n              36.05798104702501\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56372070312499,\n              35.93354064249312\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.33300781249999,\n              35.6126508187567\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.014404296875,\n              35.37113502280101\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.84960937499999,\n              35.05698043137265\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77270507812499,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.728759765625,\n              34.52466147177172\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.59692382812499,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              34.298068350990825\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.827880859375,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5751953125,\n              34.279914398549934\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.300537109375,\n              34.05265942137599\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00390625,\n              33.88865750124075\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.531494140625,\n              33.715201644740844\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.267822265625,\n              33.6420625047537\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.94921874999999,\n              33.55055114384406\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.71850585937501,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.49877929687499,\n              33.22030778968541\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.32299804687499,\n              32.9257074887604\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.27630615234374,\n              32.66018807572586\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.12524414062501,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.75219726562499,\n              32.722598604044066\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.55718994140625,\n              32.71797709835758\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.49951171875,\n              32.78265637602964\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.42260742187499,\n              32.90726224488304\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.47753906249999,\n              33.054716488042736\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              33.091541548655215\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.66705322265625,\n              33.22720064403191\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.66156005859376,\n              33.38787959704519\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.554443359375,\n              33.46810795527896\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.54345703125,\n              33.61461929233378\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.49951171875,\n              33.710632271492095\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.53247070312499,\n              33.80653802509606\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.521484375,\n              33.970697997361626\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4171142578125,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.34844970703125,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.18090820312499,\n              34.19135773925218\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.114990234375,\n              34.24813554589752\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.136962890625,\n              34.352506668675936\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.312744140625,\n              34.43409789359469\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43359375,\n              34.58799745550482\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.510498046875,\n              34.71452466170392\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5654296875,\n              34.82282272723702\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.67529296874999,\n              34.912962495216966\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.63134765625001,\n              35.000753578642396\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56768798828125,\n              36.52067329034796\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5369873046875,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dc34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliot, Michael R.","contributorId":189355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Church, Jack P.","contributorId":6480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Spencer H. 0000-0002-5794-2619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-2619","contributorId":16111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":219968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29262,"text":"wri844064 - 1984 - Analysis of the effects of proposed pumping from the principal artesian aquifer, Savannah, Georgia area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T09:44:03","indexId":"wri844064","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4064","title":"Analysis of the effects of proposed pumping from the principal artesian aquifer, Savannah, Georgia area","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-difference model of the principal artesian aquifer in the Savannah, Georgia, area, originally developed by Counts and Krause (1976), has been expanded and refined. The model was updated and the grid redesigned to provide more current and accurate detail for ground-water resources management alternatives. Improvements in the definition of the flow system were made possible by the acquisition of additional data in the area and by recently completed regional models that include the area. The model was initially calibrated by using the estimated predevelopment potentiometric surface of 1880. The flow system under predevelopment conditions was sluggish and only 100 cubic feet per second (65 million gallons per day) flowed through the model area. It was then tested for acceptance by using the May 1980 potentiometric surface and corresponding pumping stress of approximately 85 million gallons per day in the Savannah, Georgia-Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, area. The flow through the system under 1980 conditions was about 390 cubic feet per second (250 million gallons per day) and the vertical inflow from the overlying surficial aquifer more than doubled due to formerly rejected recharge that now flows vertically into the aquifer. Calibration was accurate + or - 10 feet. The absolute error per node was 3.4 feet. A hypothetical 25-percent increase in pumpage over the entire area was used to represent a gradual growth in commercial and municipal pumpage over the next 20 to 30 years. The increase produced a maximum decline of 30 feet below the existing water level of 135 feet below sea level at the center of the cone of depression in Savannah, and a 5-foot decline at a radius of 20 miles from the center of the cone of depression. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri844064","usgsCitation":"Randolph, R., and Krause, R., 1984, Analysis of the effects of proposed pumping from the principal artesian aquifer, Savannah, Georgia area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4064, Report: v, 26 p.; 5 Plates: 15.00 x 20.35 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844064.","productDescription":"Report: v, 26 p.; 5 Plates: 15.00 x 20.35 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366180,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4064/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366176,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4064/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4064/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366178,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4064/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366179,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4064/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.810477,34.987607],[-83.619985,34.986592],[-83.620185,34.992091],[-83.108714,35.000768],[-83.1046,34.992783],[-83.106991,34.98272],[-83.120387,34.968406],[-83.12114,34.958966],[-83.127035,34.953778],[-83.120502,34.941262],[-83.122585,34.938062],[-83.12807,34.938113],[-83.140621,34.924915],[-83.153253,34.926342],[-83.160937,34.918269],[-83.168524,34.91788],[-83.186541,34.899534],[-83.203351,34.893717],[-83.201183,34.884653],[-83.205627,34.880142],[-83.213323,34.882796],[-83.220099,34.878124],[-83.23751,34.877057],[-83.238419,34.869771],[-83.245602,34.865522],[-83.255718,34.845592],[-83.267656,34.845289],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.275656,34.816862],[-83.289914,34.824477],[-83.294292,34.814725],[-83.301368,34.814154],[-83.301182,34.804008],[-83.313782,34.799911],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.320062,34.759616],[-83.348829,34.737194],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.349411,34.697575],[-83.339029,34.683807],[-83.321463,34.677543],[-83.316401,34.669316],[-83.304641,34.669561],[-83.292883,34.654196],[-83.27796,34.644853],[-83.255281,34.637696],[-83.240669,34.624507],[-83.243381,34.617997],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.154577,34.588198],[-83.152577,34.578299],[-83.122901,34.560129],[-83.103987,34.540166],[-83.103176,34.533406],[-83.084855,34.530967],[-83.078113,34.524837],[-83.086861,34.517798],[-83.069451,34.502131],[-83.054463,34.50289],[-83.034712,34.483495],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-82.99509,34.472483],[-82.992671,34.479072],[-82.979568,34.482702],[-82.960668,34.482002],[-82.954667,34.477302],[-82.940867,34.486102],[-82.922866,34.481402],[-82.902665,34.485902],[-82.876864,34.475303],[-82.873831,34.471508],[-82.876464,34.465803],[-82.862156,34.458748],[-82.855762,34.443977],[-82.835004,34.366069],[-82.795223,34.34096],[-82.780308,34.296701],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.74192,34.210063],[-82.732761,34.195338],[-82.730824,34.175906],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.70414,34.141007],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.659077,34.103544],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.635991,34.064941],[-82.626963,34.063457],[-82.609655,34.039917],[-82.596155,34.030517],[-82.589245,34.000118],[-82.57554,33.992049],[-82.579576,33.979761],[-82.569864,33.970684],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.543128,33.940949],[-82.526741,33.943765],[-82.51295,33.936969],[-82.492929,33.909754],[-82.455105,33.88165],[-82.422803,33.863754],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.371775,33.843813],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.300213,33.800627],[-82.298286,33.783518],[-82.285804,33.780058],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.239098,33.730872],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.196583,33.630582],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.174351,33.613117],[-82.158331,33.60971],[-82.142872,33.594278],[-82.12908,33.589925],[-82.116545,33.596485],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.096352,33.58407],[-82.046335,33.56383],[-82.033023,33.546454],[-82.001338,33.520135],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.913356,33.437418],[-81.926789,33.426576],[-81.919217,33.413126],[-81.9373,33.401259],[-81.925737,33.37114],[-81.930634,33.368165],[-81.939637,33.37254],[-81.946337,33.37064],[-81.944737,33.364041],[-81.934837,33.356041],[-81.939737,33.344941],[-81.917973,33.34159],[-81.919137,33.334442],[-81.909285,33.324181],[-81.898187,33.329664],[-81.884137,33.310443],[-81.875836,33.307443],[-81.870436,33.312943],[-81.847296,33.306783],[-81.849636,33.299544],[-81.861536,33.297944],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.838337,33.269098],[-81.847336,33.266345],[-81.852136,33.247544],[-81.827936,33.228746],[-81.811736,33.223847],[-81.805236,33.211447],[-81.784535,33.208147],[-81.778935,33.209847],[-81.778435,33.221847],[-81.768935,33.217447],[-81.758235,33.200248],[-81.760635,33.189248],[-81.772435,33.181249],[-81.763135,33.159449],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.704634,33.116451],[-81.683533,33.112651],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.614298,33.094661],[-81.609476,33.089862],[-81.610078,33.082883],[-81.600211,33.083966],[-81.600091,33.073497],[-81.583804,33.067021],[-81.57288,33.05418],[-81.562066,33.055568],[-81.558336,33.046183],[-81.54251,33.045254],[-81.540081,33.040613],[-81.513231,33.028546],[-81.492253,33.009342],[-81.494736,32.978998],[-81.499471,32.96478],[-81.506449,32.962423],[-81.508436,32.955765],[-81.499446,32.944988],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.483198,32.921802],[-81.479184,32.905638],[-81.464069,32.897814],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.45392,32.874074],[-81.453949,32.849761],[-81.444866,32.850967],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.423772,32.810514],[-81.428313,32.78311],[-81.421128,32.778039],[-81.426481,32.770291],[-81.417606,32.762684],[-81.410845,32.741694],[-81.418542,32.732586],[-81.421194,32.711978],[-81.427517,32.701896],[-81.4131,32.692648],[-81.41075,32.694772],[-81.401256,32.680156],[-81.405273,32.656517],[-81.393818,32.653491],[-81.403582,32.643398],[-81.407271,32.631737],[-81.413411,32.637368],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.389338,32.595436],[-81.380999,32.589652],[-81.369757,32.591231],[-81.366964,32.577059],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.29676,32.562648],[-81.281324,32.556464],[-81.275213,32.545202],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.252882,32.51833],[-81.237095,32.517314],[-81.234023,32.513778],[-81.238281,32.505988],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.200029,32.467985],[-81.186829,32.464086],[-81.203046,32.448844],[-81.201595,32.44136],[-81.207246,32.437542],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.177231,32.39169],[-81.181072,32.380398],[-81.169332,32.369436],[-81.170858,32.362722],[-81.155136,32.34717],[-81.144032,32.351093],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.135733,32.324594],[-81.122933,32.307295],[-81.121433,32.284496],[-81.145834,32.263397],[-81.155995,32.241478],[-81.136727,32.213669],[-81.128283,32.208634],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.119361,32.177142],[-81.129634,32.165602],[-81.123134,32.162902],[-81.120034,32.153303],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.113334,32.113205],[-81.093386,32.11123],[-81.066906,32.090351],[-81.050234,32.085308],[-81.032674,32.08545],[-81.011961,32.100176],[-81.002297,32.100048],[-80.983133,32.079609],[-80.954482,32.068622],[-80.922794,32.039151],[-80.885517,32.0346],[-80.859111,32.023693],[-80.852276,32.026676],[-80.84313,32.024226],[-80.840549,32.011306],[-80.848441,31.988279],[-80.862814,31.969346],[-80.897687,31.949065],[-80.911207,31.943769],[-80.929101,31.944964],[-80.930279,31.956705],[-80.948491,31.95723],[-80.972392,31.94127],[-80.975714,31.923602],[-80.968494,31.915822],[-80.934508,31.90918],[-80.99269,31.857641],[-81.000317,31.856744],[-81.014478,31.867474],[-81.041548,31.876198],[-81.065255,31.877095],[-81.05907,31.850106],[-81.076178,31.836132],[-81.075812,31.829031],[-81.057181,31.822687],[-81.039808,31.823],[-81.036873,31.812721],[-81.077057,31.761256],[-81.097402,31.753126],[-81.130634,31.722692],[-81.138448,31.720934],[-81.192784,31.733245],[-81.203572,31.719448],[-81.186303,31.701509],[-81.161084,31.691401],[-81.151888,31.698411],[-81.139394,31.699917],[-81.131137,31.695774],[-81.136408,31.674832],[-81.131728,31.654484],[-81.133493,31.623348],[-81.160364,31.570436],[-81.173079,31.555908],[-81.178822,31.55553],[-81.186114,31.568032],[-81.204315,31.568183],[-81.214536,31.557601],[-81.240699,31.552313],[-81.254218,31.55594],[-81.260076,31.54828],[-81.263905,31.532579],[-81.258809,31.52906],[-81.217948,31.527284],[-81.199518,31.537596],[-81.181592,31.527697],[-81.177254,31.517074],[-81.189643,31.503588],[-81.204883,31.473124],[-81.246911,31.422784],[-81.278798,31.367214],[-81.282923,31.326491],[-81.268027,31.324218],[-81.25482,31.315452],[-81.274688,31.289454],[-81.276862,31.254734],[-81.289136,31.225487],[-81.288403,31.211065],[-81.293359,31.206332],[-81.314183,31.207938],[-81.339028,31.186918],[-81.35488,31.167204],[-81.360791,31.155903],[-81.359349,31.149166],[-81.368241,31.136534],[-81.399677,31.134113],[-81.403732,31.107115],[-81.401267,31.072781],[-81.420474,31.016703],[-81.432475,31.012991],[-81.434923,31.017804],[-81.451444,31.015515],[-81.469298,30.996028],[-81.490586,30.984952],[-81.493651,30.977528],[-81.486966,30.969602],[-81.475789,30.965976],[-81.466814,30.97091],[-81.453568,30.965573],[-81.447388,30.956732],[-81.426929,30.956615],[-81.420108,30.974076],[-81.408484,30.977718],[-81.403409,30.957914],[-81.405153,30.908203],[-81.428577,30.836336],[-81.446927,30.81039],[-81.460061,30.769912],[-81.45947,30.741979],[-81.444124,30.709714],[-81.472597,30.713312],[-81.487332,30.726081],[-81.528278,30.723359],[-81.540923,30.713343],[-81.561706,30.715597],[-81.571419,30.721636],[-81.601206,30.728141],[-81.607667,30.721924],[-81.617663,30.722046],[-81.625098,30.733017],[-81.646137,30.727591],[-81.65177,30.732284],[-81.651723,30.740235],[-81.662173,30.746521],[-81.672824,30.738935],[-81.688925,30.741434],[-81.692815,30.7471],[-81.719927,30.744634],[-81.732227,30.749634],[-81.747572,30.766455],[-81.763372,30.77382],[-81.779171,30.768062],[-81.792769,30.784432],[-81.806652,30.789683],[-81.840375,30.786384],[-81.852626,30.794439],[-81.868608,30.792754],[-81.89572,30.821098],[-81.910926,30.815889],[-81.949787,30.827493],[-81.962175,30.818001],[-81.962534,30.796526],[-81.973856,30.778487],[-81.988605,30.780056],[-82.007865,30.792937],[-82.022866,30.787991],[-82.024035,30.783156],[-82.011597,30.763122],[-82.017917,30.755263],[-82.038967,30.749262],[-82.043795,30.729641],[-82.036426,30.706585],[-82.050432,30.676266],[-82.049507,30.655548],[-82.042271,30.649452],[-82.039941,30.637144],[-82.028499,30.621829],[-82.027338,30.606726],[-82.016503,30.602484],[-82.012109,30.593773],[-82.005477,30.563495],[-82.018361,30.531184],[-82.01477,30.513009],[-82.017779,30.475081],[-82.037209,30.434518],[-82.034005,30.422357],[-82.04199,30.403266],[-82.036825,30.377884],[-82.047917,30.363265],[-82.060034,30.360328],[-82.094687,30.360781],[-82.104834,30.368319],[-82.161757,30.357851],[-82.170054,30.358929],[-82.19294,30.378779],[-82.210291,30.42459],[-82.203975,30.444507],[-82.207708,30.460503],[-82.200938,30.474438],[-82.201416,30.485164],[-82.226933,30.510281],[-82.23582,30.537187],[-82.231916,30.55627],[-82.214385,30.566958],[-83.499876,30.645671],[-84.86346,30.711506],[-84.896122,30.750591],[-84.914322,30.753591],[-84.920123,30.76599],[-84.917423,30.77589],[-84.928323,30.79309],[-84.927923,30.80279],[-84.936042,30.820671],[-84.928335,30.844263],[-84.935256,30.854328],[-84.935413,30.882481],[-84.966726,30.917287],[-84.971026,30.928187],[-84.983127,30.934786],[-84.979627,30.954686],[-84.982527,30.965586],[-85.005931,30.97704],[-84.999428,31.013843],[-85.009409,31.032378],[-85.011392,31.053546],[-85.028573,31.074583],[-85.026068,31.08418],[-85.029736,31.096163],[-85.035615,31.108192],[-85.054677,31.120818],[-85.064028,31.142495],[-85.076628,31.156927],[-85.100207,31.16549],[-85.098426,31.17777],[-85.106503,31.185305],[-85.106963,31.202693],[-85.09977,31.209751],[-85.096763,31.225651],[-85.111711,31.258022],[-85.114548,31.276302],[-85.110309,31.281733],[-85.099107,31.284165],[-85.089774,31.295026],[-85.084152,31.328313],[-85.088983,31.334292],[-85.085918,31.353146],[-85.09099,31.354428],[-85.092487,31.362881],[-85.078641,31.39636],[-85.079978,31.410472],[-85.074762,31.424879],[-85.06697,31.428594],[-85.071621,31.468384],[-85.045642,31.516813],[-85.047196,31.528671],[-85.041305,31.540987],[-85.05796,31.57084],[-85.055976,31.605178],[-85.060418,31.611271],[-85.057473,31.618624],[-85.082829,31.637967],[-85.083545,31.656071],[-85.092429,31.659966],[-85.12553,31.694965],[-85.12653,31.716764],[-85.11913,31.730964],[-85.129231,31.758663],[-85.12523,31.767063],[-85.140431,31.779663],[-85.132231,31.795162],[-85.131331,31.817562],[-85.141831,31.839261],[-85.138331,31.844161],[-85.140131,31.858761],[-85.128831,31.87636],[-85.132931,31.89306],[-85.114031,31.89336],[-85.10803,31.90516],[-85.112731,31.909859],[-85.07893,31.940159],[-85.08683,31.957758],[-85.067829,31.967358],[-85.07093,31.981658],[-85.068098,31.991857],[-85.064544,32.002489],[-85.053815,32.013502],[-85.05883,32.046656],[-85.055491,32.072657],[-85.047063,32.090433],[-85.06206,32.132486],[-85.045593,32.143758],[-85.011267,32.180493],[-84.966828,32.193952],[-84.966346,32.208034],[-84.957057,32.21671],[-84.925427,32.221551],[-84.912488,32.247463],[-84.890894,32.261504],[-84.9338,32.29826],[-85.001874,32.322015],[-85.007103,32.328362],[-85.004582,32.345196],[-84.983466,32.363186],[-84.976767,32.392648],[-84.981098,32.402833],[-84.979431,32.412244],[-84.96343,32.422544],[-84.967031,32.435343],[-84.971831,32.442843],[-84.995331,32.453243],[-84.998231,32.469842],[-84.994831,32.486042],[-85.0071,32.523868],[-85.015805,32.528428],[-85.022509,32.542923],[-85.067535,32.579546],[-85.076399,32.594665],[-85.08224,32.616264],[-85.088319,32.623032],[-85.087294,32.634407],[-85.098259,32.642708],[-85.089736,32.655635],[-85.093536,32.669734],[-85.114737,32.685634],[-85.122738,32.715727],[-85.1202,32.737647],[-85.138101,32.753836],[-85.133275,32.780609],[-85.167939,32.811612],[-85.168342,32.828516],[-85.159309,32.841382],[-85.160792,32.848466],[-85.177127,32.853895],[-85.1844,32.861317],[-85.42947,34.125096],[-85.561416,34.750079],[-85.605165,34.984678],[-84.810477,34.987607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Georgia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68007d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randolph, R.B.","contributorId":38606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krause, R.E.","contributorId":73210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26282,"text":"wri834167 - 1984 - Sediment transport by irrigation return flows in four small drains within the DID-18 drainage of the Sulphur Creek basin, Yakima County, Washington, April 1979 to October 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri834167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4167","title":"Sediment transport by irrigation return flows in four small drains within the DID-18 drainage of the Sulphur Creek basin, Yakima County, Washington, April 1979 to October 1981","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment, water discharges, and water temperatures were monitored in four small drains in the DID-18 basin of the Sulphur Creek basin, a tributary to the Yakima River, Washington. Water outflow, inflow, and miscellaneous sites were also monitored. The information was used to evaluate the effectiveness of management practices in reducing sediment loads in irrigated areas. This study was one of seven Model Implementation Plan projects selected by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to demonstrate the effectiveness of institutional and administrative implementation of management plans. Sediment discharges from the four basins could not be correlated with changes in management practices, because Imhoff Cone readings collected for the study showed no statistical differences between the three irrigation seasons. However, one drain acted as a sink for sediment where more lands were sprinkler irrigated; this drain had a smaller proportion of row crops than did the other three drains. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834167","usgsCitation":"Boucher, P.R., 1984, Sediment transport by irrigation return flows in four small drains within the DID-18 drainage of the Sulphur Creek basin, Yakima County, Washington, April 1979 to October 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4167, v, 149 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834167.","productDescription":"v, 149 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55090,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucher, P. R.","contributorId":108088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucher","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47190,"text":"ofr8452 - 1984 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47190,"text":"ofr8452 - 1984 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr8452","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68263,"text":"ha680 - 1986 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ha680","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":68263,"text":"ha680 - 1986 - Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ha680","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T18:12:32.179177","indexId":"ofr8452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-52","title":"Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>This report is one in a series resulting from the U.S. Geological Survey's Snake River Plain Rasa (Regional Aquifer System Analysis) study that was initiation in October 1979.&nbsp;</p><p>Purposes of the RASA study were to (1) refine knowledge of the regional ground-water flow system, (2) determine effects of conjunctive use of ground water and surface water, and (3) describe water chemistry. This purpose of this report is to describe flow characteristics of the Snake River and tributaries and to develop a water budget for the Snake River Plain. Data and interpretation in this report will be used in development of ground-water flow models.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8452","usgsCitation":"Kjelstrom, L., 1984, Flow characteristics of the Snake River and water budget for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-52, 2 Plates: 50.67 x 38.09 inches and 41.32 x 30.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8452.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 50.67 x 38.09 inches and 41.32 x 30.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0052/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0052/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0052/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              44.5278427984555\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46582031249999,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.57568359374999,\n              43.77109381775651\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8505859375,\n              43.27720532212024\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4111328125,\n              42.924251753870685\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.29052734375,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2578125,\n              42.342305278572816\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              42.61779143282346\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4560546875,\n              43.197167282501276\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7529296875,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4892578125,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4892578125,\n              44.32384807250689\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.884765625,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.52197265625,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8515625,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.64257812499999,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12597656249999,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              43.56447158721811\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3564453125,\n              43.59630591596548\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.90576171874999,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1474609375,\n              44.10336537791152\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.03759765625,\n              44.37098696297173\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3232421875,\n              44.824708282300236\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71874999999999,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              44.5278427984555\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5defef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjelstrom, L.C.","contributorId":89104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjelstrom","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30081,"text":"wri844176 - 1984 - Wireline-rotary air coring of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wri844176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4176","title":"Wireline-rotary air coring of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This paper describes experiments using wireline-rotary air-coring techniques conducted in the Bandelier Tuff using a modified standard wireline core-barrel system. The modified equipment was used to collect uncontaminated cores of unconsolidated ash and indurated tuff at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Core recovery obtained from the 210-foot deep test hole was about 92 percent. A standard HQ-size, triple-tube wireline core barrel (designed for the passage of liquid drilling fluids) was modified for air coring as follows: (1) Air passages were milled in the latch body part of the head assembly; (2) the inside dimension of the outer core barrel tube was machined and honed to provide greater clearance between the inner and outer barrels; (3) oversized reaming devices were added to the outer core barrel and the coring bit to allow more clearance for air and cuttings return; (4) the eight discharge ports in the coring bit were enlarged. To control airborne-dust pollution, a dust-and-cuttings discharge subassembly, designed and built by project personnel, was used. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844176","usgsCitation":"Teasdale, W., and Pemberton, R., 1984, Wireline-rotary air coring of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4176, iii, 9 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844176.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4987e4b07f02db5af27b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teasdale, W.E.","contributorId":50177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pemberton, R.R.","contributorId":70441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pemberton","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30188,"text":"wri844188 - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175961,"text":"wri844188A - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site- An introduction: Chapter A in <i>Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study</i>","indexId":"wri844188A","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site- An introduction: Chapter A in <i>Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":30188,"text":"wri844188 - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","indexId":"wri844188","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70175964,"text":"wri844188D - 1984 - Determination of hydraulic conductivity in three dimensions and its relation to dispersivity: Chapter D in <i>Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study</i>","indexId":"wri844188D","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Determination of hydraulic conductivity in three dimensions and its relation to dispersivity: Chapter D in <i>Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":30188,"text":"wri844188 - 1984 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","indexId":"wri844188","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-13T10:10:31","indexId":"wri844188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4188","title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey has begun a research project to improve understanding of the mobilization, transport, and fate of petroleum contaminants in the shallow subsurface and to use this understanding to develop predictive models of contaminant behavior.</p>\n<p>The project site is near Bemidji in northern Minnesota where an accidental spill of 10,500 barrels of crude oil occurred when a pipeline broke on August 20, 1979. Regulatory and remedial actions have been completed. The site is in a remote area with neither man-made hydraulic stresses nor other anthropogenic sources of the compounds of interest. The spill is in the recharge area of a local flow system that discharges to a small closed lake approximately 1,000 feet down the hydraulic gradient. The aquifer is pitted outwash dissected by younger glacial channels and is underlain by poorly permeable till at a depth of about 80 feet. Ground water dissolves oil floating on the water table under the spill site and moves toward the lake. At the water table, ground water enters the lake through lacustrine sediments; at depth, flow may be underneath the lake through the outwash. Contaminant transport has been as rapid as 4 feet per day based on the rate of movement of contaminants monitored through wells installed within a few days of the spill, but average rates are undoubtedly much less.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri844188","usgsCitation":"1984, Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site; US Geological Survey Toxic Waste--ground-water contamination study: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4188, x, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844188.","productDescription":"x, 107 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58984,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4188/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.09074687957764,\n              47.57481758275047\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.08894443511963,\n              47.57376082974435\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0900387763977,\n              47.57295015544948\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.09201288223267,\n              47.57392006786331\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.09074687957764,\n              47.57481758275047\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d04b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629067,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28853,"text":"wri844110 - 1984 - Flood frequency and storm runoff of urban areas of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri844110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4110","title":"Flood frequency and storm runoff of urban areas of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Techniques are presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges and storm runoff on stream in urban areas of Memphis, Tennessee. Comprehensive analyses were made in which physical characteristics of streams are related to snythetic flood characteristics at gaging stations. Equations derived from analyses provide estimates of peak discharges with recurrence intervals of 2 to 100 years on streams that have drainage areas less than 20 square miles. The regression analyses indicated that size of drainage area and condition of channel (paved or unpaved) are the most significant basin characteristics affecting the magnitude and frequency of floods in urban streams. Data from 27 gaging stations with 8 years of record were used in the analyses. Flood frequency at each gaging station was computed from calibrated parameters in a rainfall-runoff model. Techniques are also presented for estimating discharge hydrographs for individual floods by using the unit hydrograph, lag time, and rainfall excess. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844110","usgsCitation":"Neely, B., 1984, Flood frequency and storm runoff of urban areas of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4110, iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844110.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_84_4110.jpg"},{"id":2338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri844110","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neely, B.L.","contributorId":90344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"B.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29420,"text":"wri834154 - 1984 - Preconstruction and simulated postconstruction ground-water levels at urban centers in the Red River Navigation Project area, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T09:39:29","indexId":"wri834154","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4154","title":"Preconstruction and simulated postconstruction ground-water levels at urban centers in the Red River Navigation Project area, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Red River Valley in Louisiana is 3 to 10 miles wide and is underlain by the Red River alluvial aquifer. This aquifer is in hydraulic connection with the Red River. Precipitation infiltrates the aquifer and water discharges from the aquifer at the Red River and major tributaries. Construction of locks and dams along the Red River will cause new, higher minimum stages for the river for each of the pools. Water levels will rise and outflow from the alluvial aquifer to the river after construction of the locks and dams will be at higher elevations because of the new river stages. Mathematical models of the stream-aquifer system simulate the effects of the lock and dam system for plan B-3, modified. Water-level changes in the aquifer in response to the changes imposed by the system are greatest near the river and are progressively smaller away from the river. The saturated zone in the fine-grained material overlying the aquifer provides the principal potential impact on structures and vegetation in urban areas. As water levels in the aquifer rise, the saturated zone above the aquifer will decrease the thickness. The soil zone in low areas in some communities will be waterlogged. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri834154","usgsCitation":"Rogers, J., 1984, Preconstruction and simulated postconstruction ground-water levels at urban centers in the Red River Navigation Project area, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4154, Report: v, 33 p.; 14 Plates: 13.86 x 21.87 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834154.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; 14 Plates: 13.86 x 21.87 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366168,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366169,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366170,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366171,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366172,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366173,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366174,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366175,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366167,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366162,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366163,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366164,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366165,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366166,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4154/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b416a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, J.E.","contributorId":61401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28833,"text":"wri844080 - 1984 - Ground-water-quality appraisal of sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:29:46","indexId":"wri844080","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4080","title":"Ground-water-quality appraisal of sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Water samples were collected periodically from 124 wells completed in sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota, to determine baseline water quality, provide data for evaluation of trends, and to investigate seasonal variations in concentrations of selected chemical constituents during a 3-year study that began in October 1979. Results of the study show that the water is predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type with low to moderate concentrations of dissolved solids (77 to 710 milligrams per liter), and that it generally is suitable chemically for most uses. Concentrations of most constituents are below limits for domestic consumption recommended by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, iron, and manganese in localized areas, however, exceed the recommended limits. Comparison of current data to historical data indicates that concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and chloride have increased in local agricultural areas.</p>\n<p>Data indicate that concentrations of certain chemical constituents vary seasonally and annually with changes in ground-water levels. This relationship suggests that chemicals infiltrate the land surface and percolate to the water table during major recharge events.</p>\n<p>Site-specific investigations at the Staples Irrigation Center near Staples, Minnesota, indicate that, in addition to seasonal variation, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and chloride concentrations decreased with depth while iron concentrations increased. Although no direct quantifiable relationship between concentration and depth was found, mean nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and chloride concentrations were both 15 milligrams per liter near the top of the aquifer and were 0.1 and 3.5 milligrams per liter, respectively, near the bottom; mean concentrations of dissolved iron were 460 ug/L near the top of the aquifer and 3840 ug/L near the bottom. Data show that the stratification with depth of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, chloride, and iron exists at least several hundred feet from the source area throughout most of the year. Chemical stratification appears to be greatest during periods of little recharge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri844080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., 1984, Ground-water-quality appraisal of sand-plain aquifers in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4080, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844080.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57705,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4080/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4080/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Hubbard County, Morrison County, Otter Tail County, Wadena County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-95.1817,47.4124],[-94.6911,47.4106],[-94.6711,47.4103],[-94.6708,47.3225],[-94.6628,47.3221],[-94.6624,47.1498],[-94.6623,47.1429],[-94.664,46.9771],[-94.6554,46.9772],[-94.6597,46.8041],[-94.7856,46.8058],[-94.7835,46.6301],[-94.7802,46.6301],[-94.7833,46.4156],[-94.7774,46.4138],[-94.78,46.411],[-94.7825,46.4046],[-94.783,46.4005],[-94.7823,46.3973],[-94.777,46.3941],[-94.7724,46.3951],[-94.7711,46.3946],[-94.7664,46.3937],[-94.7644,46.3919],[-94.763,46.3878],[-94.759,46.3833],[-94.753,46.3819],[-94.7458,46.3829],[-94.7412,46.3834],[-94.7353,46.3816],[-94.7312,46.3748],[-94.7331,46.3698],[-95.1559,46.3708],[-95.1563,46.2828],[-95.1464,46.2825],[-95.1454,46.108],[-95.7693,46.1073],[-96.0862,46.1076],[-96.2667,46.109],[-96.2656,46.2854],[-96.2813,46.2851],[-96.2827,46.6308],[-96.1729,46.6307],[-96.1745,46.7187],[-96.0228,46.7179],[-96.0163,46.7199],[-96.0062,46.7178],[-95.1627,46.7191],[-95.1643,46.8072],[-95.1646,46.9789],[-95.1713,46.9788],[-95.1724,47.049],[-95.1696,47.1496],[-95.1694,47.3238],[-95.1827,47.3241],[-95.1817,47.4124]]],[[[-94.651,46.3462],[-94.6503,46.3457],[-94.6444,46.3453],[-94.6417,46.3454],[-94.6358,46.3463],[-94.6319,46.345],[-94.6305,46.3413],[-94.6285,46.3381],[-94.627,46.3317],[-94.625,46.3285],[-94.623,46.3267],[-94.619,46.3235],[-94.6163,46.3222],[-94.613,46.3218],[-94.6084,46.3223],[-94.6032,46.3237],[-94.5973,46.3256],[-94.5894,46.3229],[-94.5774,46.3175],[-94.5668,46.3116],[-94.5589,46.308],[-94.5535,46.3048],[-94.5469,46.3035],[-94.5423,46.3022],[-94.5351,46.3041],[-94.5365,46.3054],[-94.5358,46.3073],[-94.5325,46.3087],[-94.5247,46.3092],[-94.5227,46.3096],[-94.5174,46.3106],[-94.5122,46.3129],[-94.5063,46.3143],[-94.4991,46.3148],[-94.4925,46.3144],[-94.4839,46.314],[-94.4728,46.3187],[-94.465,46.3238],[-94.4572,46.3266],[-94.4466,46.329],[-94.4335,46.3318],[-94.4236,46.3296],[-94.4196,46.3269],[-94.4176,46.3255],[-94.4084,46.3233],[-94.4004,46.3178],[-94.3964,46.3114],[-94.3957,46.311],[-94.3937,46.306],[-94.3864,46.3019],[-94.3831,46.2996],[-94.3745,46.2983],[-94.3706,46.2983],[-94.3666,46.2979],[-94.3574,46.297],[-94.3547,46.2961],[-94.3501,46.2939],[-94.3475,46.2925],[-94.3461,46.2893],[-94.3454,46.282],[-94.344,46.2779],[-94.3427,46.277],[-94.3387,46.2747],[-94.3367,46.2733],[-94.336,46.2715],[-94.3373,46.2697],[-94.3419,46.2674],[-94.3465,46.2669],[-94.3491,46.265],[-94.3523,46.2618],[-94.3523,46.259],[-94.3529,46.2558],[-94.3575,46.2526],[-94.362,46.2494],[-94.3646,46.2471],[-94.3653,46.2457],[-94.3672,46.2443],[-94.3711,46.2411],[-94.375,46.2397],[-94.3783,46.2387],[-94.3823,46.2382],[-94.3862,46.2369],[-94.3875,46.2346],[-94.3881,46.2313],[-94.3887,46.2295],[-94.3907,46.229],[-94.3926,46.2267],[-94.3938,46.2198],[-94.3944,46.213],[-94.3944,46.2093],[-94.3924,46.2075],[-94.3917,46.2057],[-94.3877,46.2025],[-94.385,46.1988],[-94.3837,46.197],[-94.3823,46.1952],[-94.3737,46.1888],[-94.369,46.1834],[-94.3664,46.1797],[-94.367,46.1761],[-94.3715,46.1724],[-94.3701,46.166],[-94.3707,46.1618],[-94.3727,46.1595],[-94.3726,46.1568],[-93.8107,46.1551],[-93.8099,45.9812],[-93.7667,45.9812],[-93.7641,45.8202],[-93.9254,45.8216],[-94.0515,45.8262],[-94.3513,45.8228],[-94.3499,45.8173],[-94.3466,45.8141],[-94.3426,45.811],[-94.338,45.8078],[-94.3328,45.8042],[-94.3295,45.8014],[-94.3262,45.8001],[-94.3235,45.7992],[-94.3183,45.7997],[-94.3144,45.7992],[-94.3118,45.7983],[-94.3105,45.7965],[-94.3091,45.792],[-94.3077,45.7888],[-94.3051,45.7865],[-94.3018,45.7838],[-94.2972,45.7829],[-94.2894,45.7806],[-94.2841,45.7793],[-94.2802,45.778],[-94.2782,45.777],[-94.6438,45.7758],[-94.6419,45.9328],[-94.6478,45.9327],[-94.6466,46.2835],[-94.6519,46.2834],[-94.651,46.3462]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hubbard\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a14a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myette, C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28831,"text":"wri834156 - 1984 - Appraisal of water from surficial-outwash aquifers in Todd County and parts of Cass and Morrison counties, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:29:15","indexId":"wri834156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4156","title":"Appraisal of water from surficial-outwash aquifers in Todd County and parts of Cass and Morrison counties, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Outwash deposits consisting of medium to very coarse sand constitute a major aquifer in Todd County and in parts of Cass and Morrison Counties. The outwash ranges in thickness from 0 to 150 feet. Depth to water is generally less than 15 feet, and annual water-level fluctuations are less than 5 feet. Aquifer-test results indicate that transmissivities range from 4,600 to 18,500 feet squared per day and storage coefficients range from 0.10 to 0.25. Yields of more than 2,000 gallons per minute can be obtained locally from properly constructed wells.</p>\n<p>Average annual precipitation is 25.93 inches, and average annual recharge to the aquifer is estimated to be 8 inches. Base-flow measurements of the Long Prairie River between Long Prairie and Motley during October 1978 and October 1979 indicate average net gains of 0.85 and 1.3 cubic feet per second per river mile.</p>\n<p>The water is a calcium bicarbonate type and is generally suitable for most uses. However, elevated concentrations of selected chemicals in local areas may require treatment of the water for specialized uses. The water is hard to very hard with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 200 to 400 milligrams per liter. Locally, nitrate concentrations are as much as 6.4 milligrams per liter. Residuals of pesticides are present but do not exceed recommended limits as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for domestic consumption.</p>\n<p>Results from numerical modeling experiments indicate that, with proper development, the ground-water system can accommodate additional withdrawals. One experiment indicated that reduction in recharge from 8 to 4 inches annually over 4 years, and anticipated increases in pumping from 2.1 million gallons per day (1978 pumpage) to 7.7 million gallons per day, would cause water levels to decline regionally only about 9 feet and ground-water discharge to streams to decline only about 20 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri834156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Todd, Cass, and Morrison Counties Steering Committee and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., 1984, Appraisal of water from surficial-outwash aquifers in Todd County and parts of Cass and Morrison counties, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4156, Document: v, 43 p.; 6 Plates: 29.82 x 30.77 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834156.","productDescription":"Document: v, 43 p.; 6 Plates: 29.82 x 30.77 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57691,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57692,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57693,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57694,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57695,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57696,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Cass County, Morrison County, Todd County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.16769409179688,\n              46.37251678434439\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16769409179688,\n              45.78380604900099\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.27505493164062,\n              45.78189063850085\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.29428100585938,\n              45.78524256369046\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.30526733398438,\n              45.787636672581385\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.31144714355469,\n              45.7909882522868\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.31350708007812,\n              45.79816953017265\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32174682617188,\n              45.79864824912875\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33547973632812,\n              45.806307193078936\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3560791015625,\n              45.824492965214304\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              45.83119148947943\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34028625488281,\n              45.83501885571075\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34852600097656,\n              45.843151135002834\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35539245605467,\n              45.85176048817254\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.36088562011719,\n              45.86419386810264\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35333251953125,\n              45.8699314134757\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.36088562011719,\n              45.8885743460157\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.36981201171875,\n              45.89956596377031\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37599182128906,\n              45.91103315853962\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38079833984375,\n              45.917243566677804\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38079833984375,\n              45.92488619186047\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38697814941406,\n              45.92822950933618\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38972473144531,\n              45.944465613675035\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38835144042969,\n              45.95401404268097\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38148498535156,\n              45.965469986260864\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.36843872070312,\n              45.97453759512536\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.361572265625,\n              45.9874205909687\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.36019897460938,\n              45.99886962627587\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.36843872070312,\n              46.005070198139634\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35882568359375,\n              46.011270075088085\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35264587402344,\n              46.01794608850014\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33959960937499,\n              46.030818981314766\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3450927734375,\n              46.038922598236\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34303283691406,\n              46.05036097561633\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33822631835938,\n              46.06036761304854\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33479309082031,\n              46.06799050071243\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34303283691406,\n              46.069896058164055\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33753967285156,\n              46.074659663982324\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33135986328124,\n              46.08466189789017\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33273315429688,\n              46.09751924866049\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34577941894531,\n              46.0998999106273\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35813903808594,\n              46.116085686143805\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37187194824219,\n              46.12703219224201\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37667846679688,\n              46.1360733177497\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37805175781249,\n              46.146064413966634\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37324523925781,\n              46.153675460844774\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37393188476562,\n              46.160809861457125\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37324523925781,\n              46.16366336270352\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37324523925781,\n              46.17317396465173\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.36569213867188,\n              46.17792864897331\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38011169433594,\n              46.19456680672094\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38697814941406,\n              46.20217114444467\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38972473144531,\n              46.205022499775325\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39521789550781,\n              46.2102496001872\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39453125,\n              46.22260258751594\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39178466796875,\n              46.231628013232076\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39041137695312,\n              46.23732751752229\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37393188476562,\n              46.24207665226239\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3670654296875,\n              46.2477750713528\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3560791015625,\n              46.25252330176691\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35470581054686,\n              46.258220635674725\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.35195922851562,\n              46.26439207945388\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34028625488281,\n              46.27103747280261\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34028625488281,\n              46.27815664309129\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33959960937499,\n              46.282902242821145\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33273315429688,\n              46.27910579592006\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32998657226562,\n              46.283376780187254\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32792663574219,\n              46.455362316203846\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.779052734375,\n              46.455362316203846\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.77699279785156,\n              46.41608555379577\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.77493286132812,\n              46.412771761317416\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.779052734375,\n              46.407090505733166\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.78317260742188,\n              46.40282917569802\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.78179931640625,\n              46.39667333354005\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.77424621582031,\n              46.390990401266855\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.77149963378906,\n              46.39714688451722\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.76737976074219,\n              46.39667333354005\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.76463317871094,\n              46.39288477777805\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.76394653320312,\n              46.3886223381617\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.75982666015624,\n              46.38530687721014\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.75845336914062,\n              46.38151753240084\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7515869140625,\n              46.38530687721014\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7515869140625,\n              46.38151753240084\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.74403381347656,\n              46.38578052681784\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.74197387695312,\n              46.38293856752681\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73373413085938,\n              46.38246489326114\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73098754882812,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73236083984375,\n              46.368726551838876\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16769409179688,\n              46.37251678434439\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myette, C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25971,"text":"wri844194 - 1984 - Evaluation of the hydrologic system and potential effects of mining in the Dickinson lignite area, eastern slope and western Stark and Hettinger counties, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T15:41:55","indexId":"wri844194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4194","title":"Evaluation of the hydrologic system and potential effects of mining in the Dickinson lignite area, eastern slope and western Stark and Hettinger counties, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The investigation of the water resources of the Dickinson lignite area, an area of about 500 square miles, was undertaken to define the hydrologic system of the area and to project probable effects of coal mining on the system.</p><p>Aquifers occur in sandstone beds in: the Fox Hills Sandstone and the lower Hell Creek Formation of Cretaceous age, the upper Hell Creek Formation of Cretaceous age and the lower Ludlow Member of the Fort Union Formation of Tertiary age, and the upper Ludlow and lower Tongue River Members of the Fort Union Formation of Tertiary age. Aquifers also occur in the sandstone and lignite lenses in the upper Tongue River Member and the Sentinel Butte Member of the Fort Union Formation. </p><p>Depths to the Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer system range from about 1,300 to 1,710 feet. Well yields range from 18 to 100 gallons per minute. The water is soft and is a sodium bicarbonate type. Dissolvedsolids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system ranged from 1,230 to 1,690 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Depths to the upper Hell Creek-lower Ludlow aquifer system range from about 720 to 1,040 feet. Well yields generally are less than 30 gallons per minute but may be as much as 150 gallons per minute. The water is soft and a sodium bicarbonate type. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system ranged from 1,010 to 1,450 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Depths to the upper Ludlow-lower Tongue River aquifer system range from about 440 to 713 feet. Well yields may range from about 1 to 100 gallons per minute. The water generally is soft and a sodium bicarbonate type but may be moderately hard and a sulfate type in the southwestern part of the area. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system ranged from 995 to 1,990 milligrams per liter. </p><p>Depths to the upper Tongue River-Sentinel Butte aquifer system range from near land surface to about 530 feet below land surface. Well yields generally range from about 1 to 185 gallons per minute. Yields from the lignite parts of the system range from about 2 to 60 gallons per minute. The water generally is a sodium bicarbonate type, but locally sulfate is the dominant anion. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected from the aquifer system generally ranged from 574 to 2,720 milligrams per liter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844194","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, C.A., 1984, Evaluation of the hydrologic system and potential effects of mining in the Dickinson lignite area, eastern slope and western Stark and Hettinger counties, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4194, Report: v, 35 p.; Plate: 22.55 x 19.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844194.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Plate: 22.55 x 19.31 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54717,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4194/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54718,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Hettinger County, Stark County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, C. A.","contributorId":66231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25393,"text":"wri834280 - 1984 - Analysis of the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin, Monterey County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-24T17:16:13","indexId":"wri834280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4280","title":"Analysis of the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin, Monterey County, California","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, finite-element, digital model was developed for the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin using measured, computed, and estimated discharge and recharge data for the basin. Discharge data included evapotranspiration by phreatophytes and agricultural, municipal, and domestic pumpage. Recharge data included river leakage, tributary runoff, and pumping return flow. Recharge from subsurface boundary flow and rainfall infiltration was assumed to be insignificant. From 1974 through 1978, the annual pumping rate ranged from 5,900 to 9,100 acre-feet per year with 55 percent allotted to municipal use principally exported out of the valley, 44 percent to agricultural use, and 1 percent to domestic use. The pumpage return flow within the valley ranged from 900 to 1,500 acre-feet per year. The aquifer properties of transmissivity (about 5,900 feet squared per day) and of the storage coefficient (0.19) were estimated from an average alluvial thickness of 75 feet and from less well-defined data on specific capacity and grain-size distribution. During calibration the values estimated for hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient for the lower valley were reduced because of the smaller grain size there. The river characteristics were based on field and laboratory analyses of hydraulic conductivity and on altitude survey data. The model is intended principally for simulation of flow conditions using monthly time steps. Time variations in transmissivity and short-term, highrecharge potential are included in the model. The years 1974 through 1978 (including \"pre-\" and \"post-\" drought) were selected because of the extreme fluctuation in water levels between the low levels measured during dry years and the above-normal water levels measured during the preceding and following wet years. Also, during this time more hydrologic information was available. Significantly, computed water levels were generally within a few feet of the measured levels, and computed flows were close to gaged riverflows for this simulation. However, the nonuniqueness of solutions with respect to different sets of data indicates the model does not necessarily validate the correctness of the individual variables. The model might be improved with additional knowledge of the distribution of confining sediments in the lower end of the valley and the aquifer properties above and below them. The solution algorithm could account for confinement or partial confinement in the lower end of the valley plus contributions from the Tularcitos aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wri834280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kapple, G.W., Mitten, H.T., Durbin, T.J., and Johnson, M.J., 1984, Analysis of the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4280, v, 45 p.; 1 Plate: 42 x 58.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834280.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.; 1 Plate: 42 x 58.76 inches","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4280/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":262770,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4280/wri834280_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54125,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey","otherGeospatial":"Carmel Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,36.25 ], [ -122.0,36.75 ], [ -121.5,36.75 ], [ -121.5,36.25 ], [ -122.0,36.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6800a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapple, Glenn W.","contributorId":89567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapple","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitten, Hugh T.","contributorId":103652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durbin, Timothy J.","contributorId":63373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durbin","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":8868,"text":"ofr84633 - 1984 - Characteristics of some silver-, and base metal-bearing, epithermal deposits of Mexico and Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:50:04","indexId":"ofr84633","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-633","title":"Characteristics of some silver-, and base metal-bearing, epithermal deposits of Mexico and Peru","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>Lithotectonic, mineralogical, and geochemical data on two silver- and base metal-bearing deposits from Peru and two from Mexico are compiled to facilitate comparisons with other epithermal deposits. Silver and base metal-bearing deposits of Mexico and Peru constitute an important portion of the world silver production derived from shallow, vein-type deposits hosted in volcanic rocks. Although these deposits are generally similar to epithermal deposits of Nevada and Colorado in the western United States, they have some important differences. Because of this, data on the geological attributes of these deposits are very useful for developing models of ore formation that can be used in mineral exploration. The data collected for this compilation are presented in the following pages in summaries of the important characteristics of each deposit. This compilation, which shows the complexities in the geology of epithermal ore deposits in Mexico and Peru, serves as a basis for further comparisons among epithermal deposits throughout the world. The case studies provide data useful to geologists and exploration!'sts interested in developing models of ore formation to be used in exploration for mineral deposits of this type. The deposits described in this report are the Guanajuato district of Guanajuato, Mexico, the Pachuca-Real del Monte district of Hidalgo, Mexico, the Colqui district of Lima, Peru, and the Julcani district of Huancavelica, Peru.</p>\n<p>Although many characteristics of the geology and geochemistry of this type of deposit were considered, the most important criterion for choosing these deposits was that they have substantial quantities of precious- and base-metal mineralization. Additional criteria for selecting the deposits were that they be hosted primarily by calc-alkaline volcanic rocks of intermediate to silicic composition and that they be younger than Tertiary in age. Many deposits in Mexico and Peru and other parts of Central and South America were excluded because the literature describing the districts is not readily available. Furthermore, many districts have not been examined in detail or the information available is of limited geological scope. The four districts that are compiled in this report were chosen because they are described in abundant literature dating from early mining reports on the general geology and mineralogy to very recent data on detailed geochemical and mineralogical studies. They were chosen as being fairly typical, classic examples of near-surface, low-temperature vein deposits as described by Lindgren (1928) in his treatise on ore deposits (Mineral deposits, McGraw-Hill, 1049 p.). These deposits are similar in aspects of their geology and geochemistry to many of the famous, epithermal silver mining districts in Colorado and Nevada including Creede, Colorado, Tonapah, Nevada, and the Sunnyside Mine of the Eureka district, Colorado, and, in the special case of Julcani, to Summitville, Colorado, and Goldfield, Nevada. The characteristics that distinguish them include overall size, production and alteration assemblage. The information documented in each summary will be used in a forthcoming series of papers on the comparative anatomy of precious and base metal deposits in North and South America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84633","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., 1984, Characteristics of some silver-, and base metal-bearing, epithermal deposits of Mexico and Peru: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-633, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84633.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0633/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0633/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"471.64 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Mexico, Peru","state":"Guanajuato, Hidalgo. Huancavelica, Lima","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.3,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.3,\n              21.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.2,\n              21.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.2,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.3,\n              21\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.7,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7,\n              20.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.8,\n              20.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.8,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7,\n              20\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              -11.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              -11.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5,\n              -11.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5,\n              -11.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              -11.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.8,\n              -12.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8,\n              -13\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7,\n              -13\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7,\n              -12.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8,\n              -12.9\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":158463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}