{"pageNumber":"1505","pageRowStart":"37600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70046335,"text":"70046335 - 2013 - Use of exposure history to identify patterns of immunity to pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T10:18:48","indexId":"70046335","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of exposure history to identify patterns of immunity to pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)","docAbstract":"Individual host immune responses to infectious agents drive epidemic behavior and are therefore central to understanding and controlling infectious diseases. However, important features of individual immune responses, such as the strength and longevity of immunity, can be challenging to characterize, particularly if they cannot be replicated or controlled in captive environments. Our research on bighorn sheep pneumonia elucidates how individual bighorn sheep respond to infection with pneumonia pathogens by examining the relationship between exposure history and survival in situ. Pneumonia is a poorly understood disease that has impeded the recovery of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) following their widespread extirpation in the 1900s. We analyzed the effects of pneumonia-exposure history on survival of 388 radio-collared adults and 753 ewe-lamb pairs. Results from Cox proportional hazards models suggested that surviving ewes develop protective immunity after exposure, but previous exposure in ewes does not protect their lambs during pneumonia outbreaks. Paradoxically, multiple exposures of ewes to pneumonia were associated with diminished survival of their offspring during pneumonia outbreaks. Although there was support for waning and boosting immunity in ewes, models with consistent immunizing exposure were similarly supported. Translocated animals that had not previously been exposed were more likely to die of pneumonia than residents. These results suggest that pneumonia in bighorn sheep can lead to aging populations of immune adults with limited recruitment. Recovery is unlikely to be enhanced by translocating nai¨ve healthy animals into or near populations infected with pneumonia pathogens.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0061919","usgsCitation":"Plowright, R., Manlove, K., Cassirer, E.F., Besser, T.H., and Hudson, P., 2013, Use of exposure history to identify patterns of immunity to pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 4, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061919.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041146","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061919","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273479,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061919"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.9495,44.0718 ], [ -116.9495,46.6117 ], [ -115.3125,46.6117 ], [ -115.3125,44.0718 ], [ -116.9495,44.0718 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e75de4b0097a7158ab75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plowright, Raina K.","contributorId":23038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plowright","given":"Raina K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manlove, Kezia","contributorId":68204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manlove","given":"Kezia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cassirer, E. Frances","contributorId":23404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassirer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Frances","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Besser, Thomas H.","contributorId":21446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046338,"text":"70046338 - 2013 - The continuum of hydroclimate variability in western North America during the last millennium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:24:06","indexId":"70046338","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The continuum of hydroclimate variability in western North America during the last millennium","docAbstract":"The distribution of climatic variance across the frequency spectrum has substantial importance for anticipating how climate will evolve in the future. Here we estimate power spectra and power laws (ß) from instrumental, proxy, and climate model data to characterize the hydroclimate continuum in western North America (WNA). We test the significance of our estimates of spectral densities and ß against the null hypothesis that they reflect solely the effects of local (non-climate) sources of autocorrelation at the monthly timescale. Although tree-ring based hydroclimate reconstructions are generally consistent with this null hypothesis, values of ß calculated from long-moisture sensitive chronologies (as opposed to reconstructions), and other types of hydroclimate proxies, exceed null expectations. We therefore argue that there is more low-frequency variability in hydroclimate than monthly autocorrelation alone can generate. Coupled model results archived as part of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) are consistent with the null hypothesis and appear unable to generate variance in hydroclimate commensurate with paleoclimate records. Consequently, at decadal to multidecadal timescales there is more variability in instrumental and proxy data than in the models, suggesting that the risk of prolonged droughts under climate change may be underestimated by CMIP5 simulations of the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00732.1","usgsCitation":"Ault, T., Cole, J.E., Overpeck, J.T., Pederson, G.T., St. George, S., Otto-Bliesner, B., Woodhouse, C.A., and Deser, C., 2013, The continuum of hydroclimate variability in western North America during the last millennium: Journal of Climate, v. 26, p. 5863-5878, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00732.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5863","endPage":"5878","ipdsId":"IP-030759","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00732.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273477,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00732.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.74,32.06 ], [ -125.74,50.45 ], [ -109.68,50.45 ], [ -109.68,32.06 ], [ -125.74,32.06 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e75ce4b0097a7158ab6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ault, Toby R.","contributorId":48852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"Toby R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Julia E.","contributorId":69871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overpeck, Jonathan T.","contributorId":28469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overpeck","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"St. George, Scott","contributorId":84254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St. George","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Otto-Bliesner, Bette","contributorId":58171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto-Bliesner","given":"Bette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Deser, Clara","contributorId":10704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deser","given":"Clara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046339,"text":"sir20135013 - 2013 - A national streamflow network gap analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T09:29:21","indexId":"sir20135013","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5013","title":"A national streamflow network gap analysis","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a gap analysis to evaluate how well the USGS streamgage network meets a variety of needs, focusing on the ability to calculate various statistics at locations that have streamgages (gaged) and that do not have streamgages (ungaged). This report presents the results of analysis to determine where there are gaps in the network of gaged locations, how accurately desired statistics can be calculated with a given length of record, and whether the current network allows for estimation of these statistics at ungaged locations.  The analysis indicated that there is variability across the Nation’s streamflow data-collection network in terms of the spatial and temporal coverage of streamgages. In general, the Eastern United States has better coverage than the Western United States. The arid Southwestern United States, Alaska, and Hawaii were observed to have the poorest spatial coverage, using the dataset assembled for this study. Except in Hawaii, these areas also tended to have short streamflow records. Differences in hydrology lead to differences in the uncertainty of statistics calculated in different regions of the country. Arid and semiarid areas of the Central and Southwestern United States generally exhibited the highest levels of interannual variability in flow, leading to larger uncertainty in flow statistics.  At ungaged locations, information can be transferred from nearby streamgages if there is sufficient similarity between the gaged watersheds and the ungaged watersheds of interest. Areas where streamgages exhibit high correlation are most likely to be suitable for this type of information transfer. The areas with the most highly correlated streamgages appear to coincide with mountainous areas of the United States. Lower correlations are found in the Central United States and coastal areas of the Southeastern United States. Information transfer from gaged basins to ungaged basins is also most likely to be successful when basin attributes show high similarity. At the scale of the analysis completed in this study, the attributes of basins upstream of USGS streamgages cover the full range of basin attributes observed at potential locations of interest fairly well. Some exceptions included very high or very low elevation areas and very arid areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kiang, J.E., Stewart, D.W., Archfield, S.A., Osborne, E.B., and Eng, K., 2013, A national streamflow network gap analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5013, Report: ix, 82 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135013.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 82 p.; 1 Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135013.gif"},{"id":273471,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5013/sir2013-5013_app1_final.xlsx"},{"id":273469,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5013/pdf/sir2013-5013.pdf"},{"id":273470,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5013/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.61,13.23 ], [ 144.61,71.83 ], [ -65.22,71.83 ], [ -65.22,13.23 ], [ 144.61,13.23 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e750e4b0097a7158ab2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, David W. dwstewar@usgs.gov","contributorId":2390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"David","email":"dwstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osborne, Emily B.","contributorId":101971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborne","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046377,"text":"70046377 - 2013 - The landfall and inland penetration of a flood-producing atmospheric river in Arizona. Part I: observed synoptic-scale, orographic, and hydrometeorological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T15:58:58","indexId":"70046377","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The landfall and inland penetration of a flood-producing atmospheric river in Arizona. Part I: observed synoptic-scale, orographic, and hydrometeorological characteristics","docAbstract":"Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a dominant mechanism for generating intense wintertime precipitation along the U.S. West Coast. While studies over the past 10 years have explored the impact of ARs in, and west of, California’s Sierra Nevada and the Pacific Northwest’s Cascade Mountains, their influence on the weather across the intermountain west remains an open question. This study utilizes gridded atmospheric datasets, satellite imagery, rawinsonde soundings, a 449-MHz wind profiler and global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and operational hydrometeorological observing networks to explore the dynamics and inland impacts of a landfalling, flood-producing AR across Arizona in January 2010. Plan-view, cross-section, and back-trajectory analyses quantify the synoptic and mesoscale forcing that led to widespread precipitation across the state. The analyses show that a strong AR formed in the lower midlatitudes over the northeastern Pacific Ocean via frontogenetic processes and sea surface latent-heat fluxes but without tapping into the adjacent tropical water vapor reservoir to the south. The wind profiler, GPS, and rawinsonde observations document strong orographic forcing in a moist neutral environment within the AR that led to extreme, orographically enhanced precipitation. The AR was oriented nearly orthogonal to the Mogollon Rim, a major escarpment crossing much of central Arizona, and was positioned between the high mountain ranges of northern Mexico. High melting levels during the heaviest precipitation contributed to region-wide flooding, while the high-altitude snowpack increased substantially. The characteristics of the AR that impacted Arizona in January 2010, and the resulting heavy orographic precipitation, are comparable to those of landfalling ARs and their impacts along the west coasts of midlatitude continents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-12-0101.1","usgsCitation":"Neiman, P.J., Ralph, F.M., Moore, B.J., Hughes, M., Mahoney, K.M., Cordeira, J., and Dettinger, M., 2013, The landfall and inland penetration of a flood-producing atmospheric river in Arizona. Part I: observed synoptic-scale, orographic, and hydrometeorological characteristics: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 460-484, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-0101.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0101.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273569,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-0101.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8,31.3 ], [ -114.8,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,31.3 ], [ -114.8,31.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e75ce4b0097a7158ab71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neiman, Paul J.","contributorId":29722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":57350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Benjamin J.","contributorId":13885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Mimi","contributorId":84620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Mimi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahoney, Kelly M.","contributorId":16302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordeira, Jason M.","contributorId":79009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordeira","given":"Jason M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70046374,"text":"70046374 - 2013 - The ancient blue oak woodlands of California: longevity and hydroclimatic history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-26T10:01:16","indexId":"70046374","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ancient blue oak woodlands of California: longevity and hydroclimatic history","docAbstract":"Ancient blue oak trees are still widespread across the foothills of the Coast Ranges, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada in California. The most extensive tracts of intact old-growth blue oak woodland appear to survive on rugged and remote terrain in the south Coast Ranges and on the foothills west and southwest of Mt. Lassen. In our sampling of old-growth stands, most blue oak appear to have recruited to the canopy in the mid- to late-19<sup>th</sup> century. The oldest living blue oak tree sampled was over 459-years old and several dead blue oak logs had over 500 annual rings. Precipitation sensitive tree-ring chronologies up to 700-years long have been developed from old blue oak trees and logs. Annual ring-width chronologies of blue oak are strongly correlated with cool season precipitation totals, streamflow in the major rivers of California, and the estuarine water quality of San Francisco Bay. A new network of 36 blue oak chronologies records spatial anomalies in growth that arise from latitudinal changes in the mean storm track and location of landfalling atmospheric rivers. These long, climate-sensitive blue oak chronologies have been used to reconstruct hydroclimatic history in California and will help to better understand and manage water resources. The environmental history embedded in blue oak growth chronologies may help justify efforts to conserve these authentic old-growth native woodlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2013EI000518.1","usgsCitation":"Stahle, D., Griffin, R., Meko, D., Therrell, M., Edmondson, J., Cleaveland, M., Burnette, D., Abatzoglou, J., Redmond, K., Dettinger, M.D., and Cayan, D., 2013, The ancient blue oak woodlands of California: longevity and hydroclimatic history: Earth Interactions, v. 17, no. 12, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1175/2013EI000518.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2013ei000518.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273565,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2013EI000518.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e75ce4b0097a7158ab69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahle, D.W.","contributorId":88573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahle","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, R.D.","contributorId":37629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meko, D.M.","contributorId":56816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meko","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Therrell, M.D.","contributorId":107596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Therrell","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edmondson, J.R.","contributorId":13513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmondson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cleaveland, M.K.","contributorId":83826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaveland","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burnette, D.J.","contributorId":77031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnette","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Abatzoglou, J.T.","contributorId":64542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abatzoglou","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Redmond, K.T.","contributorId":12865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70046357,"text":"sim2999 - 2013 - Reconnaissance geologic map of Kodiak Island and adjacent islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:20:26","indexId":"sim2999","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2999","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of Kodiak Island and adjacent islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Kodiak Island and its adjacent islands, located on the west side of the Gulf of Alaska, contain one of the largest areas of exposure of the flysch and melange of the Chugach terrane of southern Alaska. However, in the past 25 years, only detailed mapping covering small areas in the archipelago has been done. This map and its associated digital files (Wilson and others, 2005) present the best available mapping compiled in an integrated fashion. The map and associated digital files represent part of a systematic effort to release geologic map data for the United States in a uniform manner. The geologic data have been compiled from a wide variety of sources, ranging from state and regional geologic maps to large-scale field mapping. The map data are presented for use at a nominal scale of 1:500,000, although individual datasets (see Wilson and others, 2005) may contain data suitable for use at larger scales.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim2999","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., 2013, Reconnaissance geologic map of Kodiak Island and adjacent islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2999, Pamphlet: ii, 8 p.; 1 Map: 24.66 x 31.32 inches; OFR 2005-1340, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2999.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 8 p.; 1 Map: 24.66 x 31.32 inches; OFR 2005-1340","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim2999.gif"},{"id":273527,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2999/sim2999_map.pdf"},{"id":273526,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2999/sim2999_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":273528,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1340/"},{"id":273525,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2999/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.015277777777777777,5.085277777777778 ], [ -0.015277777777777777,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -152.5,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -152.5,5.085277777777778 ], [ -0.015277777777777777,5.085277777777778 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e75be4b0097a7158ab59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046356,"text":"sim3247 - 2013 - Geologic map of the Winslow 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, Coconino and Navajo Counties, northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T15:19:50.177113","indexId":"sim3247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3247","title":"Geologic map of the Winslow 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, Coconino and Navajo Counties, northern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Winslow 30’ × 60’ quadrangle encompasses approximately 5,018 km<sup>2</sup> (1,960 mi<sup>2</sup>) within Coconino and Navajo Counties of northern Arizona. It is characterized by gently dipping Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata that dip 1° to 2° northeastward in the southwestern part of the quadrangle and become nearly flat-lying in the northeastern part of the quadrangle. In the northeastern part, a shallow Cenozoic erosional basin developed about 20 million years ago, which subsequently was filled with flat-lying Miocene and Pliocene lacustrine sediments of the Bidahochi Formation, as well as associated volcanic rocks of the Hopi Buttes Volcanic Field. The lacustrine sediments and volcanic rocks unconformably overlie Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous strata.\n\nBeginning about early Pliocene time, the Little Colorado River and its tributaries began to remove large volumes of Paleozoic and Mesozoic bedrock from the map area. This erosional development has continued through Pleistocene and Holocene time. Fluvial sediments accumulated episodically throughout this erosional cycle, as indicated by isolated Pliocene(?) and Pleistocene Little Colorado River terrace-gravel deposits on Tucker Mesa and Toltec Divide west of Winslow and younger terrace-gravel deposits along the margins of the Little Colorado River Valley. These gravel deposits suggest that the ancestral Little Colorado River and its valley has eroded and migrated northeastward toward its present location and largely parallels the strike of the Chinle Formation.\n\nToday, the Little Colorado River meanders within a 5-km (3-mi) wide valley between Winslow and Leupp, where soft strata of the Chinle Formation is mostly covered by an unknown thickness of Holocene flood-plain deposits. In modern times, the Little Colorado River channel has changed its position as much as a 1.5 km (1 mi) during flood events, but for much of the year the channel is a dry river bed. Surficial alluvial and eolian deposits cover extensive parts of the bedrock outcrops over the entire Winslow quadrangle.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., Block, D.L., and Redsteer, M.H., 2013, Geologic map of the Winslow 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, Coconino and Navajo Counties, northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3247, Pamphlet: iii, 25 p.; 3Plates: 38.01 x 5032 inches or smaller; Database; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3247.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 25 p.; 3Plates: 38.01 x 5032 inches or smaller; Database; Metadata","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273523,"rank":9,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273517,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/sim3247_sheet1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273518,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/sim3247_sheet2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273519,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/sim3247_sheet3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417737,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98539.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/sim3247_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273521,"rank":2,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/SIM3247.zip"},{"id":273520,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/sim3247_metadata.pdf"},{"id":273515,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3247/sim3247_Winslow_Quad_Base_DRG.tif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Navajo County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,35.0 ], [ -111,35.5 ], [ -110.0,35.5 ], [ -110.0,35.0 ], [ -111,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f2cbe4b0bc0bec0a05d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Block, Debra L. 0000-0001-7348-3064 dblock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-3064","contributorId":3587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"Debra","email":"dblock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redsteer, Margaret Hiza 0000-0003-2851-2502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-2502","contributorId":54335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redsteer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiza","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004040,"text":"70004040 - 2013 - Circuit theory and model-based inference for landscape connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T13:34:29","indexId":"70004040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2527,"text":"Journal of the American Statistical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circuit theory and model-based inference for landscape connectivity","docAbstract":"<p>Circuit theory has seen extensive recent use in the field of ecology, where it is often applied to study functional connectivity. The landscape is typically represented by a network of nodes and resistors, with the resistance between nodes a function of landscape characteristics. The effective distance between two locations on a landscape is represented by the resistance distance between the nodes in the network. Circuit theory has been applied to many other scientific fields for exploratory analyses, but parametric models for circuits are not common in the scientific literature. To model circuits explicitly, we demonstrate a link between Gaussian Markov random fields and contemporary circuit theory using a covariance structure that induces the necessary resistance distance. This provides a parametric model for second-order observations from such a system. In the landscape ecology setting, the proposed model provides a simple framework where inference can be obtained for effects that landscape features have on functional connectivity. We illustrate the approach through a landscape genetics study linking gene flow in alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) to the underlying landscape.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01621459.2012.724647","usgsCitation":"Hanks, E., and Hooten, M., 2013, Circuit theory and model-based inference for landscape connectivity: Journal of the American Statistical Association, v. 108, no. 501, p. 22-33, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2012.724647.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029811","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273490,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2012.724647"}],"volume":"108","issue":"501","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e759e4b0097a7158ab41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Ephraim M.","contributorId":104630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Ephraim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":350279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045519,"text":"70045519 - 2013 - Variation in body mass dynamics among sites in Black Brant <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i> supports adaptivity of mass loss during moult","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-15T11:32:57","indexId":"70045519","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-08T11:21:28","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in body mass dynamics among sites in Black Brant <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i> supports adaptivity of mass loss during moult","docAbstract":"Birds employ varying strategies to accommodate the energetic demands of moult, one important example being changes in body mass. To understand better their physiological and ecological significance, we tested three hypotheses concerning body mass dynamics during moult. We studied Black Brant in 2006 and 2007 moulting at three sites in Alaska which varied in food availability, breeding status and whether geese undertook a moult migration. First we predicted that if mass loss during moult were simply the result of inadequate food resources then mass loss would be highest where food was least available. Secondly, we predicted that if mass loss during moult were adaptive, allowing birds to reduce activity during moult, then birds would gain mass prior to moult where feeding conditions allowed and mass loss would be positively related to mass at moult initiation. Thirdly, we predicted that if mass loss during moult were adaptive, allowing birds to regain flight sooner, then across sites and groups, mass at the end of the flightless period would converge on a theoretical optimum, i.e. the mass that permits the earliest possible return to flight. Mass loss was greatest where food was most available and thus our results did not support the prediction that mass loss resulted from inadequate food availability. Mass at moult initiation was positively related to both food availability and mass loss. In addition, among sites and years, variation in mass was high at moult initiation but greatly reduced at the end of the flightless period, appearing to converge. Thus, our results supported multiple predictions that mass loss during moult was adaptive and that the optimal moulting strategy was to gain mass prior to the flightless period, then through behavioural modifications use these body reserves to reduce activity and in so doing also reduce wing loading. Geese that undertook a moult migration initiated moult at the highest mass, indicating that they were more than able to compensate for the energetic cost of the migration. Because Brant frequently change moult sites between years in relation to breeding success, the site-specific variation in body mass dynamics we observed suggests individual plasticity in moult body mass dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science Pub.","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12056","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T.F., Flint, P.L., Schmutz, J.A., Schamber, J.L., and Nicolai, C.A., 2013, Variation in body mass dynamics among sites in Black Brant <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i> supports adaptivity of mass loss during moult: Ibis, v. 155, no. 3, p. 593-604, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12056.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042298","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281081,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12056"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Teshekpuk Lake;Yukon-kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.35,60.44 ], [ -168.35,71.48 ], [ -151.3,71.48 ], [ -151.3,60.44 ], [ -168.35,60.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7af3e4b0b2908510dcf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":50771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schamber, Jason L.","contributorId":72512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nicolai, Christopher A.","contributorId":107140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolai","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044361,"text":"70044361 - 2013 - Influence of richness and seeding density on invasion resistance in experimental tallgrass prairie restorations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-07T09:51:05","indexId":"70044361","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of richness and seeding density on invasion resistance in experimental tallgrass prairie restorations","docAbstract":"In recent years, agricultural producers and non-governmental organizations and agencies have restored thousands of hectares of cropland to grassland in the Great Plains of the United States. However, little is known about the relationships between richness and seeding density in these restorations and resistance to invasive plant species. We assessed the effects of richness and seeding density on resistance to invasive and other unseeded plant species in experimental tallgrass prairie plots in central Nebraska. In 2006, twenty-four 55 m × 55 m plots were planted with six replicates in each of four treatments: high richness (97 species typically planted by The Nature Conservancy), at low and high seeding densities, and low richness (15 species representing a typical Conservation Reserve Program mix, CP25), at low and high seeding densities. There was a significant negative relationship between richness and basal cover of unseeded perennial forbs/legumes and unseeded perennial/annual grasses, abundance of bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), and the number of inflorescences removed from smooth brome (Bromus inermis) transplants. Invasion resistance may have been higher in the high richness treatments because of the characteristics of the dominant species in these plots or because of greater interspecific competition for limiting resources among forbs/legumes with neighboring plants belonging to the same functional group. Seeding density was not important in affecting invasion resistance, except in the cover of unseeded grasses. Increasing seed mix richness may be more effective than increasing the seeding density for decreasing invasion by unseeded perennial species, bull thistle, and smooth brome.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System","doi":"10.3368/er.31.2.168","usgsCitation":"Nemec, K.T., Allen, C.R., Helzer, C.J., and Wedin, D.A., 2013, Influence of richness and seeding density on invasion resistance in experimental tallgrass prairie restorations: Ecological Restoration, v. 31, no. 2, p. 168-185, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.31.2.168.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-043548","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273432,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.31.2.168"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.17,28.16 ], [ -114.17,54.13 ], [ -95.56,54.13 ], [ -95.56,28.16 ], [ -114.17,28.16 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b2f2dbe4b01368e589e3ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemec, Kristine T.","contributorId":24650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemec","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helzer, Christopher J.","contributorId":41724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helzer","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wedin, David A.","contributorId":17898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045357,"text":"70045357 - 2013 - Insignificant solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-07T09:35:52","indexId":"70045357","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insignificant solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes","docAbstract":"We examine the claim that solar-terrestrial interaction, as measured by sunspots, solar wind velocity, and geomagnetic activity, might play a role in triggering earthquakes. We count the number of earthquakes having magnitudes that exceed chosen thresholds in calendar years, months, and days, and we order these counts by the corresponding rank of annual, monthly, and daily averages of the solar-terrestrial variables. We measure the statistical significance of the difference between the earthquake-number distributions below and above the median of the solar-terrestrial averages by χ<sup>2</sup> and Student's t tests. Across a range of earthquake magnitude thresholds, we find no consistent and statistically significant distributional differences. We also introduce time lags between the solar-terrestrial variables and the number of earthquakes, but again no statistically significant distributional difference is found. We cannot reject the null hypothesis of no solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/grl.50211","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Thomas, J.N., 2013, Insignificant solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1165-1170, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50211.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1170","ipdsId":"IP-044315","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273430,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50211"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b2f2dbe4b01368e589e3be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Jeremy N.","contributorId":105996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038720,"text":"70038720 - 2013 - One hundred and six years of population and community dynamics of Sonoran Desert Laboratory perennials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-07T10:10:20","indexId":"70038720","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1451,"text":"Ecological Archives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One hundred and six years of population and community dynamics of Sonoran Desert Laboratory perennials","docAbstract":"This data set constitutes all information associated with the Spalding-Shreve permanent vegetation plots from 1906 through 2012, which is the longest-running plant monitoring program in the world. The program consists of detailed maps of all Sonoran Desert perennial plants in 30 permanent plots located on Tumamoc Hill, near Tucson, Arizona, USA. Most of these plots are 10 m × 10 m quadrats that were established by Volney Spalding and Forrest Shreve between 1906 and 1928. Analyses derived from these data have been pivotal in testing early theories on plant community succession, plant life history traits, plant longevity, and population dynamics. One of the major contributions of this data set is the species-specific demographic traits that derived from estimating individual plant trajectories for more than 106 years. Further use of these data might shed light on spatially explicit population and community dynamics, as well as long-term changes attributable to global change.\n\nData presented here consist of digital versions of original maps created between 1906 and 1984 and digital data from recent censuses between 1993 and 2012. Attributes associated with these maps include location and coverage of all shrubs, and in some cases, plant height. In addition, we present plot-specific summaries of plant cover and density for each census year and all other information collected, including seedling counts, grass coverage, and annual species enumerations. We reference the repeat photography of these plots, which began in 1906; these images are stored at the Desert Laboratory Collection of Repeat Photography in Tucson. Initial data collection consisted of grid-mapping the plots manually on graph paper; starting in 1993, Total Stations (which allow a direct digitalization, and more accurate mapping) were used to survey root crowns and canopies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Archives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/12-1164.1","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Buritica, S., Raichle, H., Webb, R., Turner, R., and Venable, L., 2013, One hundred and six years of population and community dynamics of Sonoran Desert Laboratory perennials: Ecological Archives, v. 94, no. 4, p. 976-976, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1164.1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"976","endPage":"976","ipdsId":"IP-038596","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273434,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1164.1"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b2f2dbe4b01368e589e3c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana","contributorId":29723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Buritica","given":"Susana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raichle, Helen hraichle@usgs.gov","contributorId":4387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raichle","given":"Helen","email":"hraichle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":464785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Raymond M.","contributorId":7383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Raymond M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Venable, Larry","contributorId":71861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venable","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156897,"text":"70156897 - 2013 - Field trial of a pulsed limestone diversion well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T16:08:27.450572","indexId":"70156897","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field trial of a pulsed limestone diversion well","docAbstract":"<p><span>The use of limestone diversion wells to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) is well-known, but in many cases, acid neutralization is not as complete as would be desired. Reasons for this include channeling of the water through the limestone bed, and the slow reaction rate of the limestone gravel. A new approach to improve the performance of the diversion well was tested in the field at the Jennings Environmental Education Center, near Slippery Rock, PA. In this approach, a finer size distribution of limestone was used so as to allow fluidization of the limestone bed, thus eliminating channeling and increasing particle surface area for faster reaction rates. Also, water flow was regulated through the use of a dosing siphon, so that consistent fluidization of the limestone sand could be achieved. Testing began late in the summer of 2010, and continued through November of 2011. Initial system performance during the 2010 field season was good, with the production of net alkaline water, but hydraulic problems involving air release and limestone sand retention were observed. In the summer of 2011, a finer size of limestone sand was procured for use in the system. This material fluidized more readily, but acid neutralization tapered off after several days. Subsequent observations indicated that the hydraulics of the system was compromised by the formation of iron oxides in the pipe leading to the limestone bed, which affected water distribution and flow through the bed. Although results from the field trial were mixed, it is believed that without the formation of iron oxides and plugging of the pipe, better acid neutralization and treatment would have occurred. Further tests are being considered using a different hydraulic configuration for the limestone sand fluidized bed.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2nd Wyoming reclamation and restoration symposium and 30th annual meeting of the American society of mining and reclamation: Reclamation across industries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Wyoming Reclamation and Restoration Symposium and 30th Annual Meeting of the American Soceity of Mining and Reclamation: Reclamation Across Industries","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Reclamation and Mining","publisherLocation":"Laramie, Wyoming","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P.L., Denholm, C., and Dunn, M., 2013, Field trial of a pulsed limestone diversion well, <i>in</i> 2nd Wyoming reclamation and restoration symposium and 30th annual meeting of the American society of mining and reclamation: Reclamation across industries, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045406","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Jennings Environmental Education Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.01359939575194,\n              41.003220862709\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.01359939575194,\n              41.017534379059995\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.99394416809082,\n              41.017534379059995\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.99394416809082,\n              41.003220862709\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.01359939575194,\n              41.003220862709\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e6cc2be4b05561fa20a008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, Philip L. psibrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denholm, C.","contributorId":147287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denholm","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunn, Margaret","contributorId":147288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046250,"text":"sir20135021 - 2013 - Concentration, flux, and the analysis of trends of total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride in 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York, 1990–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T16:16:58","indexId":"sir20135021","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5021","title":"Concentration, flux, and the analysis of trends of total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride in 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York, 1990–2011","docAbstract":"Annual concentration, flux, and yield for total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride for 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain were estimated for 1990 through 2011 using a weighted regression method based on time, tributary streamflows (discharges), and seasonal factors. The weighted regression method generated two series of daily estimates of flux and concentration during the period of record: one based on observed discharges and a second based on a flow-normalization procedure that removes random variation due to year-to-year climate-driven effects. The flownormalized estimate for a given date is similar to an average estimate of concentration or flux that would be made if all of the observed discharges for that date were equally likely to have occurred. The flux bias statistic showed that 68 of the 72 flux regression models were minimally biased. Temporal trends in the concentrations and fluxes were determined by calculating percent changes in flow-normalized annual fluxes for the full period of analysis (1990 through 2010) and for the decades 1990–2000 and 2000–2010.  Basinwide, flow-normalized total phosphorus flux decreased by 42 metric tons per year (t/yr) between 1990 and 2010. This net result reflects a basinwide decrease in flux of 21 metric tons (t) between 1990 and 2000, followed by a decrease of 20 t between 2000 and 2010; both results were largely influenced by flux patterns in the large tributaries on the eastern side of the basin. A comparison of results for total phosphorus for the two separate decades of analysis found that more tributaries had decreasing concentrations and flux rates in the second decade than the first.  An overall reduction in dissolved phosphorus flux of 0.7 t/yr was seen in the Lake Champlain Basin during the full period of analysis. That very small net change in flux reflects substantial reductions between 1990 and 2000 from eastern tributaries, especially in Otter Creek and the LaPlatte and Winooski Rivers that largely were offset by increases in the Missisquoi and Saranac Rivers in the second decade (between 2000 and 2010). The number of tributaries that had increases in dissolved phosphorus concentrations stayed constant at 13 or 14 during the period of analysis.  Total nitrogen concentration and flux for most of the monitored tributaries in the Lake Champlain Basin have decreased since 1990. Between 1990 and 2010, flow-normalized total nitrogen flux decreased by 386 t/yr, which reflects an increase of 440 t/yr between 1990 and 2000 and a decrease of 826 t/yr between 2000 and 2010. All individual tributaries except the Winooski River had decreases in total nitrogen concentration and flux between 2000 and 2010. The decrease in total nitrogen flux over the period of record could be related to the decrease in nitrogen from atmospheric deposition observed in Vermont or to concurrent benefits realized from the implementation of agricultural best-management practices in the Lake Champlain Basin that were designed primarily to reduce phosphorus runoff.  For chloride, large increases in flow-normalized concentrations and flux between 1990 and 2000 for 17 of the 18 tributaries diminished to small increases or decreases between 2000 and 2010. Between 1990 and 2010, flow-normalized flux increased by 32,225 t/yr, 78 percent of which (25,163 t) was realized during the first decade, from 1990 through 2000. The five tributaries that had decreasing concentration and flux of chloride between 2000 and 2010 were all on the eastern side of Lake Champlain, possibly related to reductions since 1999 in winter road salt application in Vermont.  Positive correlations of phosphorus flux and changes in phosphorus concentration and flux in tributaries with phosphorus inputs to basins from point sources, suggest that point sources have an effect on stream phosphorus chemistry. Several measures of changes in agricultural statistics, such as agricultural land use, acres of land in farms, acres of cropland, and acres of corn for grain or seed, are positively correlated with changes in phosphorus concentration or flux in the tributaries. Negative correlations of the amount of money spent on agricultural best-management practices with changes in phosphorus concentration or flux in the tributaries, suggest that best-management practices may be an effective tool, along with point-source reductions, in making progress towards management goals for phosphorus reductions in Lake Champlain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., 2013, Concentration, flux, and the analysis of trends of total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride in 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York, 1990–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5021, Report: vi, 31 p.; 8 Appendicies, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135021.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 31 p.; 8 Appendicies","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135021.gif"},{"id":273156,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/"},{"id":273157,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/pdf/sir2013-5021_report_508.pdf"},{"id":273158,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix6_final052813.xlsx"},{"id":273159,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix4_052413.pdf"},{"id":273161,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix8_052413.pdf"},{"id":283965,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix7_05282013.pdf"},{"id":283964,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix5_052413.pdf"},{"id":283968,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix2_final041813.xlsx"},{"id":283971,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix3_052813.pdf"},{"id":283967,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix1_final041813.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.7081,43.5785 ], [ -73.7081,45.0891 ], [ -72.8948,45.0891 ], [ -72.8948,43.5785 ], [ -73.7081,43.5785 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b2f2d2e4b01368e589e3b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043161,"text":"70043161 - 2013 - In situ quantification of Br and Cl in minerals and fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS: a powerful tool to identify fluid sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T14:31:36","indexId":"70043161","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ quantification of Br and Cl in minerals and fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS: a powerful tool to identify fluid sources","docAbstract":"Bromine and chlorine are important halogens for fluid source identification in the Earth's crust, but until recently we lacked routine analytical techniques to determine the concentration of these elements in situ on a micrometer scale in minerals and fluid inclusions. In this study, we evaluate the potential of in situ Cl and Br measurements by LA-ICP-MS through analysis of a range of scapolite grains with known Cl and Br concentrations. We assess the effects of varying spot sizes, variable plasma energy and resolve the contribution of polyatomic interferences on Br measurements. Using well-characterised natural scapolite standards, we show that LA-ICP-MS analysis allows measurement of Br and Cl concentrations in scapolite, and fluid inclusions as small as 16 μm in diameter and potentially in sodalite and a variety of other minerals, such as apatite, biotite, and amphibole. As a demonstration of the accuracy and potential of Cl and Br analyses by LA-ICP-MS, we analysed natural fluid inclusions hosted in sphalerite and compared them to crush and leach ion chromatography Cl/Br analyses. Limit of detection for Br is ~8 μg g<sup>−1</sup>, whereas relatively high Cl concentrations (> 500 μg g<sup>−1</sup>) are required for quantification by LA-ICP-MS. In general, our LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion results agree well with ion chromatography (IC) data. Additionally, combined cathodoluminescence and LA-ICP-MS analyses on natural scapolites within a well-studied regional metamorphic suite in South Australia demonstrate that Cl and Br can be quantified with a ~25 μm resolution in natural minerals. This technique can be applied to resolve a range of hydrothermal geology problems, including determining the origins of ore forming brines and ore deposition processes, mapping metamorphic and hydrothermal fluid provinces and pathways, and constraining the effects of fluid–rock reactions and fluid mixing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.12.002","usgsCitation":"Hammerli, J., Rusk, B., Spandler, C., Emsbo, P., and Oliver, N.H., 2013, In situ quantification of Br and Cl in minerals and fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS: a powerful tool to identify fluid sources: Chemical Geology, v. 337-338, p. 75-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.12.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-042825","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273411,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.12.002"}],"volume":"337-338","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b1a170e4b022a6a540f99c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammerli, Johannes","contributorId":105201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerli","given":"Johannes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rusk, Brian","contributorId":53519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spandler, Carl","contributorId":30895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spandler","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oliver, Nicholas H.S.","contributorId":54871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046309,"text":"sir20135025 - 2013 - Hydrogeology of the West Branch Delaware River basin, Delaware County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T11:23:48","indexId":"sir20135025","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5025","title":"Hydrogeology of the West Branch Delaware River basin, Delaware County, New York","docAbstract":"In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, began a study of the hydrogeology of the West Branch Delaware River (Cannonsville Reservoir) watershed. There has been recent interest by energy companies in developing the natural gas reserves that are trapped within the Marcellus Shale, which is part of the Hamilton Group of Devonian age that underlies all the West Branch Delaware River Basin. Knowing the extent and thickness of stratified-drift (sand and gravel) aquifers within this basin can help State and Federal regulatory agencies evaluate any effects on these aquifers that gas-well drilling might produce. This report describes the hydrogeology of the 455-square-mile basin in the southwestern Catskill Mountain region of southeastern New York and includes a detailed surficial geologic map of the basin. Analysis of surficial geologic data indicates that the most widespread surficial geologic unit within the basin is till, which is present as deposits of ablation till in major stream valleys and as thick deposits of lodgment till that fill upland basins. Till and colluvium (remobilized till) cover about 89 percent of the West Branch Delaware River Basin, whereas stratified drift (outwash and ice-contact deposits) and alluvium account for 8.9 percent. The Cannonsville Reservoir occupies about 1.9 percent of the basin area. Large areas of outwash and ice-contact deposits occupy the West Branch Delaware River valley along its entire length. These deposits form a stratified-drift aquifer that ranges in thickness from 40 to 50 feet (ft) in the upper West Branch Delaware River valley, from 70 to 140 ft in the middle West Branch Delaware River valley, and from 60 to 70 ft in the lower West Branch Delaware River valley. The gas-bearing Marcellus Shale underlies the entire West Branch Delaware River Basin and ranges in thickness from 600 to 650 ft along the northern divide of the basin to 750 ft thick along the southern divide. The depth to the top of the Marcellus Shale ranges from 3,240 ft along the northern basin divide to 4,150 ft along the southern basin divide. Yields of wells completed in the aquifer are as high as 500 gallons per minute (gal/min). Springs from fractured sandstone bedrock are an important source of domestic and small municipal water supplies in the West Branch Delaware River Basin and elsewhere in Delaware County. The average yield of 178 springs in Delaware County is 8.5 gal/min with a median yield of 3 gal/min. An analysis of two low-flow statistics indicates that groundwater contributions from fractured bedrock compose a significant part of the base flow of the West Branch Delaware River and its tributaries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., 2013, Hydrogeology of the West Branch Delaware River basin, Delaware County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5025, Report: vi, 28 p.; 1 Map: 42 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135025.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; 1 Map: 42 x 36 inches","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135025.gif"},{"id":273374,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5025/pdf/Well_Locations_sheet.pdf"},{"id":273372,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5025/"},{"id":273373,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5025/pdf/sir2013-5025_reynolds_508.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"West Branch Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.30,42 ], [ -75.30,42.30 ], [ -74.30,42.30 ], [ -74.30,42 ], [ -75.30,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b1a16fe4b022a6a540f994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045114,"text":"70045114 - 2013 - Improving predictive power of physically based rainfall-induced shallow landslide models: a probablistic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-08T08:47:03","indexId":"70045114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1819,"text":"Geoscientific Model Development and Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving predictive power of physically based rainfall-induced shallow landslide models: a probablistic approach","docAbstract":"Distributed models to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides are deterministic. These models extend spatially the static stability models adopted in geotechnical engineering and adopt an infinite-slope geometry to balance the resisting and the driving forces acting on the sliding mass. An infiltration model is used to determine how rainfall changes pore-water conditions, modulating the local stability/instability conditions. A problem with the existing models is the difficulty in obtaining accurate values for the several variables that describe the material properties of the slopes. The problem is particularly severe when the models are applied over large areas, for which sufficient information on the geotechnical and hydrological conditions of the slopes is not generally available. To help solve the problem, we propose a probabilistic Monte Carlo approach to the distributed modeling of shallow rainfall-induced landslides. For the purpose, we have modified the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis (TRIGRS) code. The new code (TRIGRS-P) adopts a stochastic approach to compute, on a cell-by-cell basis, transient pore-pressure changes and related changes in the factor of safety due to rainfall infiltration. Infiltration is modeled using analytical solutions of partial differential equations describing one-dimensional vertical flow in isotropic, homogeneous materials. Both saturated and unsaturated soil conditions can be considered. TRIGRS-P copes with the natural variability inherent to the mechanical and hydrological properties of the slope materials by allowing values of the TRIGRS model input parameters to be sampled randomly from a given probability distribution. The range of variation and the mean value of the parameters can be determined by the usual methods used for preparing the TRIGRS input parameters. The outputs of several model runs obtained varying the input parameters are analyzed statistically, and compared to the original (deterministic) model output. The comparison suggests an improvement of the predictive power of the model of about 10% and 16% in two small test areas, i.e. the Frontignano (Italy) and the Mukilteo (USA) areas, respectively. We discuss the computational requirements of TRIGRS-P to determine the potential use of the numerical model to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in very large areas, extending for several hundreds or thousands of square kilometers. Parallel execution of the code using a simple process distribution and the Message Passing Interface (MPI) on multi-processor machines was successful, opening the possibly of testing the use of TRIGRS-P for the operational forecasting of rainfall-induced shallow landslides over large regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscientific Model Development and Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/gmdd-6-1367-2013","usgsCitation":"Raia, S., Alvioli, M., Rossi, M., Baum, R., Godt, J., and Guzzetti, F., 2013, Improving predictive power of physically based rainfall-induced shallow landslide models: a probablistic approach: Geoscientific Model Development and Discussions, v. 6, p. 1367-1426, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1367-2013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1367","endPage":"1426","ipdsId":"IP-042922","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1367-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273409,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1367-2013"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b1a170e4b022a6a540f998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raia, S.","contributorId":35218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raia","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvioli, M.","contributorId":36829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvioli","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossi, M.","contributorId":16301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guzzetti, F.","contributorId":46732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzzetti","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046317,"text":"70046317 - 2013 - An individual-based model for population viability analysis of humpback chub in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T20:45:36","indexId":"70046317","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An individual-based model for population viability analysis of humpback chub in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"We developed an individual-based population viability analysis model (females only) for evaluating risk to populations from catastrophic events or conservation and research actions. This model tracks attributes (size, weight, viability, etc.) for individual fish through time and then compiles this information to assess the extinction risk of the population across large numbers of simulation trials. Using a case history for the Little Colorado River population of Humpback Chub Gila cypha in Grand Canyon, Arizona, we assessed extinction risk and resiliency to a catastrophic event for this population and then assessed a series of conservation actions related to removing specific numbers of Humpback Chub at different sizes for conservation purposes, such as translocating individuals to establish other spawning populations or hatchery refuge development. Our results suggested that the Little Colorado River population is generally resilient to a single catastrophic event and also to removals of larvae and juveniles for conservation purposes, including translocations to establish new populations. Our results also suggested that translocation success is dependent on similar survival rates in receiving and donor streams and low emigration rates from recipient streams. In addition, translocating either large numbers of larvae or small numbers of large juveniles has generally an equal likelihood of successful population establishment at similar extinction risk levels to the Little Colorado River donor population. Our model created a transparent platform to consider extinction risk to populations from catastrophe or conservation actions and should prove useful to managers assessing these risks for endangered species such as Humpback Chub.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.788587","usgsCitation":"Pine, W.P., Healy, B., Smith, E.O., Trammell, M., Speas, D., Valdez, R., Yard, M., Walters, C., Ahrens, R., Vanhaverbeke, R., Stone, D., and Wilson, W., 2013, An individual-based model for population viability analysis of humpback chub in Grand Canyon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 3, p. 626-641, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.788587.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"641","ipdsId":"IP-040577","costCenters":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273417,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.788587"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.98,35.75 ], [ -113.98,36.86 ], [ -111.6,36.86 ], [ -111.6,35.75 ], [ -113.98,35.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b1a14fe4b022a6a540f990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pine, William Pine III","contributorId":55717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pine","given":"William","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Pine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Brian","contributorId":42123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Emily Omana","contributorId":33608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"Omana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trammell, Melissa","contributorId":47675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trammell","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Speas, Dave","contributorId":35221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speas","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valdez, Rich","contributorId":88252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Rich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yard, Mike","contributorId":25849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Walters, Carl","contributorId":66156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ahrens, Rob","contributorId":21055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahrens","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vanhaverbeke, Randy","contributorId":89046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanhaverbeke","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stone, Dennis","contributorId":18253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wilson, Wade","contributorId":103554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Wade","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70046310,"text":"fs20133032 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:17:52","indexId":"fs20133032","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3032","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Wisconsin, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, water supply and quality, and other business uses. Today, high-quality light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the sources for creating elevation models and other elevation datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data, on a national basis, that are (on average) 30 years old and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other three-dimensional representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133032","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2013, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Wisconsin (Originally posted on June 6, 2013; Revised June 13, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3032, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133032.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133032.gif"},{"id":273376,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3032/"},{"id":273377,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3032/pdf/fs2013-3032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"296 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047396,"text":"70047396 - 2013 - Resilience thinking and a decision-analytic approach to conservation: strange bedfellows or essential partners?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-05T08:51:17","indexId":"70047396","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-05T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience thinking and a decision-analytic approach to conservation: strange bedfellows or essential partners?","docAbstract":"There has been some tendency to view decision science and resilience theory as opposing approaches, or at least as contending perspectives, for natural resource management. Resilience proponents have been especially critical of optimization in decision science, at least for those cases where it is focused on the aggressive pursuit of efficiency. In general, optimization of resource systems is held to reduce spatial, temporal, or organizational heterogeneity that would otherwise limit efficiency, leading to homogenization of a system and making it less able to cope with unexpected changes or disturbances. For their part, decision analysts have been critical of resilience proponents for not providing much practical advice to decision makers. We believe a key source of tension between resilience thinking and application of decision science is the pursuit of efficiency in the latter (i.e., choosing the “best” management action or strategy option to maximize productivity of one or few resource components), vs. a desire in the former to keep options open (i.e., maintaining and enhancing diversity). It seems obvious, however, that with managed natural systems, there must be a principle by which to guide decision making, which at a minimumallows for a comparison of projected outcomes associated with decision alternatives. This is true even if the primary concern of decision making is the preservation of system resilience. We describe how a careful framing of conservation problems, especially in terms of management objectives and predictive models, can help reduce the purported tension between resiliencethinking and decision analysis. In particular, objective setting in conservation problems needs to be more attuned to the dynamics of ecological systems and to the possibility of deep uncertainties that underlie the risk of unintended, if not irreversible, outcomes. Resilience thinking also leads to the suggestion that model development should focus more on process rather than pattern, on multiple scales of influence, and on phenomena that can create alternative stability regimes. Although we acknowledge the inherent difficulties in modeling ecological processes, we stress that formulation of useful models need not depend on a thorough mechanistic understanding or precise parameterization, assuming that uncertainty is acknowledged and treated in a systematic manner.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-05544-180227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Williams, B.K., and Nichols, J., 2013, Resilience thinking and a decision-analytic approach to conservation: strange bedfellows or essential partners?: Ecology and Society, v. 18, no. 2, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05544-180227.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-040396","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-05544-180227","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275991,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05544-180227"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c968e4b009d47a4c23d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":86616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046296,"text":"70046296 - 2013 - Ecology of potential West Nile virus vectors in southeastern Louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of Culex quinquefasciatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T13:50:31","indexId":"70046296","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":733,"text":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology of potential West Nile virus vectors in southeastern Louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of Culex quinquefasciatus","docAbstract":"A study of West Nile virus (WNV) ecology was conducted in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, from 2002 to 2004. Mosquitoes were collected weekly throughout the year using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps placed at 1.5 and 6 m above the ground and gravid traps. A total of 379,466 mosquitoes was collected. WNV was identified in 32 pools of mosquitoes comprising four species; 23 positive pools were from Culex nigripalpus collected during 2003. Significantly more positive pools were obtained from Cx. nigripalpus collected in traps placed at 6 m than 1.5 m that year, but abundance did not differ by trap height. In contrast, Cx. nigripalpus abundance was significantly greater in traps placed at 6 m in 2002 and 2004. Annual temporal variation in Cx. nigripalpus peak seasonal abundance has important implications for WNV transmission in Louisiana. One WNV-positive pool, from Cx. erraticus, was collected during the winter of 2004, showing year-round transmission. The potential roles of additional mosquito species in WNV transmission in southeastern Louisiana are discussed.\n\nDisclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices (http//pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109","usgsCitation":"Godsey, M.S., King, R.J., Burkhalter, K., Delorey, M., Colton, L., Charnetzky, D., Sutherland, G., Ezenwa, V.O., Wilson, L.A., Coffey, M., Milheim, L., Taylor, V.G., Palmisano, C., Wesson, D.M., and Guptill, S., 2013, Ecology of potential West Nile virus vectors in southeastern Louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of Culex quinquefasciatus: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 88, no. 5, p. 986-996, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"996","ipdsId":"IP-043402","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273323,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0434,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,28.9254 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"88","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b058f4e4b030b5197ffbb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsey, Marvin S. Jr.","contributorId":66992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsey","given":"Marvin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Raymond J.","contributorId":56957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhalter, Kristen","contributorId":93800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhalter","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delorey, Mark","contributorId":25846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delorey","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colton, Leah","contributorId":40112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Charnetzky, Dawn","contributorId":47274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charnetzky","given":"Dawn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutherland, Genevieve","contributorId":82205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Genevieve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ezenwa, Vanessa O.","contributorId":96179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ezenwa","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Lawrence A.","contributorId":92568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coffey, Michelle","contributorId":79387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Milheim, Lesley E.","contributorId":100951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Taylor, Viki G.","contributorId":49259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Viki","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Palmisano, Charles","contributorId":28885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmisano","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wesson, Dawn M.","contributorId":79786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Guptill, Stephen C.","contributorId":103250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"Stephen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70046303,"text":"ofr20121198 - 2013 - Field survey and damage assessment of the Mineral, Virginia, earthquake of August 23, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T23:16:55","indexId":"ofr20121198","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1198","title":"Field survey and damage assessment of the Mineral, Virginia, earthquake of August 23, 2011","docAbstract":"The town of Mineral, Virginia (Va.), underwent an M=5.8 earthquake on August 23, 2011. A U.S. Geological Survey team was sent to visually inspect and document the damage in the cities of Richmond, Charlottesville, Louisa, and Mineral, Va. Our inspection concluded that the Modified Mercalli Intensity rating of moderate (V) to very strong (VII) is consistent with the expected and observed damage at these locations. Louisa County, Va., sustained the most extensive damage. We photographed fallen chimneys, collapsed walls, and cracked foundations. From visual inspection of the above-listed locations, this report catalogs the range and extent of damage from the August 23, 2011, earthquake for future reference and analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121198","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.R., and Turkle, K., 2013, Field survey and damage assessment of the Mineral, Virginia, earthquake of August 23, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1198, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121198.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121198.png"},{"id":273342,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1198/"},{"id":273343,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1198/of2012-1198.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.919642,37.998906 ], [ -77.919642,38.015615 ], [ -77.890737,38.015615 ], [ -77.890737,37.998906 ], [ -77.919642,37.998906 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b058fce4b030b5197ffbbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Helen R.","contributorId":99865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turkle, Katharine","contributorId":107172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turkle","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189899,"text":"70189899 - 2013 - Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods, and droughts in the United States: State of knowledge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:25:03","indexId":"70189899","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods, and droughts in the United States: State of knowledge","docAbstract":"<p><span>Weather and climate extremes have been varying and changing on many different time scales. In recent decades, heat waves have generally become more frequent across the United States, while cold waves have been decreasing. While this is in keeping with expectations in a warming climate, it turns out that decadal variations in the number of U.S. heat and cold waves do not correlate well with the observed U.S. warming during the last century. Annual peak flow data reveal that river flooding trends on the century scale do not show uniform changes across the country. While flood magnitudes in the Southwest have been decreasing, flood magnitudes in the Northeast and north-central United States have been increasing. Confounding the analysis of trends in river flooding is multiyear and even multidecadal variability likely caused by both large-scale atmospheric circulation changes and basin-scale “memory” in the form of soil moisture. Droughts also have long-term trends as well as multiyear and decadal variability. Instrumental data indicate that the Dust Bowl of the 1930s and the drought in the 1950s were the most significant twentieth-century droughts in the United States, while tree ring data indicate that the megadroughts over the twelfth century exceeded anything in the twentieth century in both spatial extent and duration. The state of knowledge of the factors that cause heat waves, cold waves, floods, and drought to change is fairly good with heat waves being the best understood.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00066.1","usgsCitation":"Peterson, T.C., Heim, R.R., Hirsch, R.M., Kaiser, D.P., Brooks, H., Diffenbaugh, N.S., Dole, R.M., Giovannettone, J.P., Guirguis, K., Karl, T.R., Katz, R., Kunkel, K.E., Lettenmaier, D.P., McCabe, G., Paciorek, C.J., Ryberg, K.R., K Wolter, B.S., Schubert, S., Silva, V.B., Stewart, B.C., Vecchia, A.V., Villarini, G., Vose, R.S., Walsh, J., Wehner, M., Wolock, D., Wolter, K., Woodhouse, C.A., and Wuebbles, D., 2013, Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods, and droughts in the United States: State of knowledge: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. June 2013, p. 821-834, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00066.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"834","ipdsId":"IP-036624","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00066.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"June 2013","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59882a98e4b05ba66e9ffde4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Thomas C.","contributorId":111872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heim, Richard R. Jr.","contributorId":195509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heim","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, Dale P.","contributorId":195274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Harold","contributorId":195510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diffenbaugh, Noah S.","contributorId":94965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffenbaugh","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dole, Randall M.","contributorId":146364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dole","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Giovannettone, Jason P.","contributorId":195275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giovannettone","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guirguis, Kristen","contributorId":195281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guirguis","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Karl, Thomas R.","contributorId":191899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karl","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Katz, Richard W.","contributorId":195282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kunkel, Kenneth E.","contributorId":147887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lettenmaier, Dennis P.","contributorId":139779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":70174344,"text":"70174344 - 2013 - New perspectives on the geometry of the Albuquerque Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Insights from geophysical models of rift-fill thickness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T18:26:12","indexId":"70174344","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-04T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New perspectives on the geometry of the Albuquerque Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Insights from geophysical models of rift-fill thickness","docAbstract":"<p><span>Discrepancies among previous models of the geometry of the Albuquerque Basin motivated us to develop a new model using a comprehensive approach. Capitalizing on a natural separation between the densities of mainly Neogene basin fill (Santa Fe Group) and those of older rocks, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) geophysical model of syn-rift basin-fill thickness that incorporates well data, seismic-reflection data, geologic cross sections, and other geophysical data in a constrained gravity inversion. Although the resulting model does not show structures directly, it elucidates important aspects of basin geometry. The main features are three, 3&ndash;5-km-deep, interconnected structural depressions, which increase in size, complexity, and segmentation from north to south: the Santo Domingo, Calabacillas, and Belen subbasins. The increase in segmentation and complexity may reflect a transition of the Rio Grande rift from well-defined structural depressions in the north to multiple, segmented basins within a broader region of crustal extension to the south. The modeled geometry of the subbasins and their connections differs from a widely accepted structural model based primarily on seismic-reflection interpretations. Key elements of the previous model are an east-tilted half-graben block on the north separated from a west-tilted half-graben block on the south by a southwest-trending, scissor-like transfer zone. Instead, we find multiple subbasins with predominantly easterly tilts for much of the Albuquerque Basin, a restricted region of westward tilting in the southwestern part of the basin, and a northwesterly trending antiform dividing subbasins in the center of the basin instead of a major scissor-like transfer zone. The overall eastward tilt indicated by the 3D geophysical model generally conforms to stratal tilts observed for the syn-rift succession, implying a prolonged eastward tilting of the basin during Miocene time. An extensive north-south synform in the central part of the Belen subbasin suggests a possible path for the ancestral Rio Grande during late Miocene or early Pliocene time. Variations in rift-fill thickness correspond to pre-rift structures in several places, suggesting that a better understanding of pre-rift history may shed light on debates about structural inheritance within the rift.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2013.2494(16)","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., and Connell, S.D., 2013, New perspectives on the geometry of the Albuquerque Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Insights from geophysical models of rift-fill thickness: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 494, p. 427-462, https://doi.org/10.1130/2013.2494(16).","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"462","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023201","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"494","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebce4b081161682238e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":152256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connell, Sean D.","contributorId":7374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189949,"text":"70189949 - 2013 - The storage time, age, and erosion hazard of laterally accreted sediment on the floodplain of a simulated meandering river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-31T09:08:03","indexId":"70189949","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The storage time, age, and erosion hazard of laterally accreted sediment on the floodplain of a simulated meandering river","docAbstract":"<p><span>A sediment particle traversing the fluvial system may spend the majority of the total transit time at rest, stored in various sedimentary deposits. Floodplains are among the most important of these deposits, with the potential to store large amounts of sediment for long periods of time. The virtual velocity of a sediment grain depends strongly on the amount of time spent in storage, but little is known about sediment storage times. Measurements of floodplain vegetation age have suggested that storage times are exponentially distributed, a case that arises when all the sediment on a floodplain is equally vulnerable to erosion in a given interval. This assumption has been incorporated into sediment routing models, despite some evidence that younger sediment is more likely to be eroded from floodplains than older sediment. We investigate the relationship between sediment age and erosion, which we term the “erosion hazard,” with a model of a meandering river that constructs its floodplain by lateral accretion. We find that the erosion hazard decreases with sediment age, leading to a storage time distribution that is not exponential. We propose an alternate model that requires that channel motion is approximately diffusive and results in a heavy tailed distribution of storage time. The model applies to timescales over which the direction of channel motion is uncorrelated. We speculate that the lower end of this range of time is set by the meander cutoff timescale and the upper end is set by processes that limit the width of the meander belt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/jgrf.20083","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D.N., and Tucker, G., 2013, The storage time, age, and erosion hazard of laterally accreted sediment on the floodplain of a simulated meandering river: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 118, no. 3, p. 1308-1319, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20083.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1319","ipdsId":"IP-040347","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419de4b0a38ca2789373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, D. Nathan","contributorId":79776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":39280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
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