Complete records of organic-carbon-rich Cretaceous strata were continuouslycored on the flanks of the Mid-Pacific Mountains and southern Hess Rise in the central North Pacific Ocean during DSDP Leg 62. Organic-carbon-rich laminated silicified limestones were deposited in the western Mid-Pacific Mountains during the early Aptian, a time when that region was south of the equator and considerably shallower than at present. Organic-carbon-rich, laminated limestone on southern Hess Rise overlies volcanic basement and includes 136 m of stratigraphic section of late Albian to early Cenomanian age. This limestone unit was deposited rapidly as Hess Rise was passing under the equatorial high-productivity zone and was subsiding from shallow to intermediate depths. The association of volcanogenic components with organic-carbon-rich strata on Hess Rise in the Mid-Pacific Mountains is striking and suggests that there was a coincidence of mid-plate volcanic activity and the production and accumulation of organic matter at intermediate water depths in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the middle Cretaceous.
Pyrolysis assays and analyses of extractable hydrocarbons indicate that the organic matter in the limestone on Hess Rise is composed mainly of lipid-rich kerogen derived from aquatic marine organisms and bacteria. Limestones from the Mid-Pacific Mountains generally contain low ratios of pyrolytic hydrocarbons to organic carbon and low hydrogen indices, suggesting that the organic matter may contain a significant proportion of land-derived material, possibly derived from numerous volcanic islands that must have existed before the area subsided. The organic carbon in all samples analyzed is isotopically light (δ13C − 24 to − 29 per mil) relative to most modern rine organic carbon, and the lightest carbon is also the most lipid-rich.
There is a positive linear correlation between sulfur and organic carbon in samples from Hess Rise and from the Mid-Pacific Mountains. The slopes and intercepts of C-S regression lines however, are different for each site and all are different from regression lines for samples from modern anoxic marine sediments and from Black Sea cores.
The organic-carbon-rich limestones on Hess Rise, the Mid-Pacific Mountains, and other plateaus and seamounts in the Pacific Ocean are not synchronous but do occur within the same general middle Cretaceous time period as organic-carbon-rich lithofacies elsewhere in the world ocean, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean. Strata of equivalent age in the deep basins of the Pacific Ocean are not rich in organic carbon, and were deposited in oxygenated environments. This observation, together with the evidence that the plateau sites were considerably shallower and closse to the equator during the middle Creataceous suggests that local tectonic and hydrographic conditions may have resulted in high surface-water productivity and the preservation of organic matter in an oxygen-deficient environment where an expanded mid-water oxygen minimum developed and impinged on elevated platforms and seamounts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(84)90135-9","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Claypool, G., and Thide, J., 1984, Accumulation of organic matter in Cretaceous oxygen-deficient depositional environments in the central Pacific Ocean: Organic Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 1, p. 39-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(84)90135-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e683e4b0c8380cd4746e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thide, J.","contributorId":64798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thide","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013310,"text":"70013310 - 1984 - Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:29:01","indexId":"70013310","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream","docAbstract":"An experimental injection was performed to study the transport of stream water solutes under conditions of significant interaction with streambed sediments in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream. Experiments were conducted in Little Lost Man Creek, Humboldt County, California, in a period of low flow duringwhich only a part of the bank-full channel held active surface flow. The injection of chloride and several trace cations lasted 20 days. In this report we discuss the results of the first 24 hours of the injection and survey the results of the first 10 days. Solute-streambed interactions of two types were observed. First, the physical transport of the conservative tracer, chloride, was affected by intergravel flow and stagnant watt, zones created by the bed relief. Second, the transport of the cations (strontium, potassium, and lithium) was appreciably modified by sorption onto streambed sediment. In the stream the readily observable consequence of the solute-streambed interactions was an attenuation of the dissolved concentration of each of the tracers. The attenuation in the stream channel occurred concurrently with the storage of tracers in the streambed via both physical and chemical processes. All tracers were subsequently present in shallow wells dug several meters from the wetted part of the channel. Sediment samples collected approximately 3 weeks after the start of the injection contained increased concentrations of the injected cations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i012p01797","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., Jackman, A.P., and Avanzino, R.J., 1984, Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 12, p. 1797-1803, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i012p01797.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1803","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Little Lost Man Creek","volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd0e4b0c8380cd6307f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013308,"text":"70013308 - 1984 - Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:51:07.788742","indexId":"70013308","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt","docAbstract":"Samples of stream sediments and aquatic mosses were collected from nine sites across several mineralized zones at the southeasternmost extension of the Idaho Cobalt Belt. Because the steepness of the terrain and the attendant high flow rate of the streams made it difficult to obtain adequate sediment samples, mosses were considered as an alternative sampling medium. The results not only showed that the Cu and Co content of the mosses correlated almost perfectly with that of the sediments, but that the contrast between samples taken from mineralized and background areas was greater in mosses, especially for Co. Maximum concentrations of 35,000 μg/g Cu and 2000 μg/g Co were observed in the ash of mosses, compared to maximum concentrations of 1700 μg/g and 320 μg/g, respectively, in the associated sediments. Species identification was considered unimportant, which should dispel some reluctance to use mosses in mineral exploration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(84)90091-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Erdman, J.A., and Modreski, P., 1984, Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 20, no. 1, p. 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(84)90091-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf6e4b0c8380cd4e05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013164,"text":"70013164 - 1984 - Distribution of trace elements in coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T16:44:08.44206","indexId":"70013164","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of trace elements in coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio","docAbstract":"Size and density separates of low-temperature-ashed coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio, have been used to determine the mode of occurrence of 28 minor and trace elements in coal. The size distribution of the major minerals has been determined, and correlations of trace elements with major minerals have been made. The role of minor minerals in the mode of occurrence of trace elements is also discussed. Instrumental-neutron-activation analysis was used to determine elemental concentrations, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for mineral identification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(84)90007-3","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Palmer, C., and Filby, R., 1984, Distribution of trace elements in coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio: Fuel, v. 63, no. 3, p. 318-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(84)90007-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Powhatan No. 6 Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.97002633381553,\n 39.899285314443205\n ],\n [\n -80.97002633381553,\n 39.898444085762804\n ],\n [\n -80.96803387008336,\n 39.898444085762804\n ],\n [\n -80.96803387008336,\n 39.899285314443205\n ],\n [\n -80.97002633381553,\n 39.899285314443205\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a030ce4b0c8380cd50301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filby, R.H.","contributorId":26071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filby","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013872,"text":"70013872 - 1984 - Simulation of ground-water flow in a mined watershed in eastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T11:17:32.695458","indexId":"70013872","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in a mined watershed in eastern Ohio","docAbstract":"A 43-acre watershed in Muskingum County, Ohio, was studied to determine the hydrologic consequences of strip mining for coal. A quantitative description of the effects on the ground-water flow components of the hydrologic system has been obtained using digital models.
The premining watershed was characterized by nearly flat-lying sedimentary rocks of the Pennsylvanian System. Underclay beneath the two major coal beds formed bases for perched zones, creating three separate aquifers. Recharge to the ground-water system occurred mainly by percolation of precipitation. Most of the discharge from the top and middle aquifers occurred by downward leakage to the underlying aquifers. A smaller amount of discharge occurred as springflow or streamflow near the intersections of the underclays and land surface.
Mining has destroyed the top aquifer, and has replaced the bedrock by spoil material. Water levels in the spoils are at a much lower altitude than existed in the premining top aquifer because of a combination of (1) a larger hydraulic conductivity, (2) areal variations of the hydraulic characteristics of the confining bed, and (3) a slower rate of recharge from precipitation caused by removal of vegetation and soil compaction. Covering of previously exposed portions of the middle aquifer and a lower hydraulic head in the spoils has allowed less recharge to the middle aquifer. Additional flow is induced across the western boundary of the watershed and has reduced the outflow across the eastern boundary. Discharge from the middle aquifer as downward leakage and streamflow is less than before mining.
A two-dimensional steady-state model of light-driven phytoplankton productivity and biomass in partially mixed estuaries has been developed. Effects of variations in river flow, suspended sediment concentration, phytoplankton sinking, self-shading and growth rates on distributions of phytoplankton biomass and productivity are investigated.
Numerical simulation experiments show that biomass and productivity are particularly sensitive to variations in suspended sediment concentrations typical of natural river sources and to variations in loss rates assumed to be realistic but poorly known for real systems. Changes in the loss rate term within the range of empirical error (such as from dark bottle incubation experiments) cause phytoplankton biomass to change by a factor of two. In estuaries with adequate light penetration in the water column, it could be an advantage for phytoplankton to sink. Species that sink increase their concentration and form a phytoplankton maximum in a way similar to the formation of the estuarine turbidity maximum. When attenuation is severe, however, sinking species have more difficulty in maintaining their population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(84)90016-7","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., and Festa, J., 1984, Numerical simulation of phytoplankton productivity in partially mixed estuaries: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 19, no. 5, p. 563-589, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(84)90016-7.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"589","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68e4e4b0c8380cd73a5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Festa, J.F.","contributorId":97247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Festa","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012650,"text":"70012650 - 1984 - Stratiform tourmalinites in metamorphic terranes and their geologic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:24:51.573054","indexId":"70012650","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratiform tourmalinites in metamorphic terranes and their geologic significance","docAbstract":"Stratiform tourmalinites are significant minor rock types in many regional metamorphic terranes of the world. Tourmalinites are more widespread than previously recognized and are especially common in Proterozoic and early Paleozoic sequences dominated by clastic metasedimentary rocks. They consist of conformable layers made up primarily of quartz and abundant tourmaline, the latter typically exceeding 15% to 20% of rock volumes. A few tourmalinites display striking sedimentary structures such as graded bedding, cross-laminations, slump and flame structures, and rip-up clasts. These and other geologic features provide important constraints for assessing the origin of these rocks, and they suggest that tourmalinites form by the early diagenetic modification of a primary boron-rich chemical precipitate. Tourmalinites are significant in preserving a valuable record of unusual chemical and paleogeographic conditions in clastic sedimentary basins, and in their close association with a variety of stratabound mineral deposits.
Several two- to six-parameter regional water balance models are examined by using 50-year records of monthly streamflow at 10 sites in New Jersey. These models include variants of the Thornthwaite-Mather model, the Palmer model, and the more recent Thomas abcd model. Prediction errors are relatively similar among the models. However, simulated values of state variables such as soil moisture storage differ substantially among the models, and fitted parameter values for different models sometimes indicated an entirely different type of basin response to precipitation. Some problems in parameter identification are noted, including difficulties in identifying an appropriate time lag factor for the Thornthwaite-Mather-type model for basins with little groundwater storage, very high correlations between upper and lower storages in the Palmer-type model, and large sensitivity of parameter a of the abcd model to bias in estimates of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Modifications to the threshold concept of the Thornthwaite-Mather model were statistically valid for the six stations in northern New Jersey. The abcd model resulted in a simulated seasonal cycle of groundwater levels similar to fluctuations observed in nearby wells but with greater persistence. These results suggest that extreme caution should be used in attaching physical significance to model parameters and in using the state variables of the models in indices of drought and basin productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i008p01137","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., 1984, On the treatment of evapotranspiration, soil moisture accounting, and aquifer recharge in monthly water balance models: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1137-1149, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i008p01137.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1149","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e03e4b0c8380cd7544b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013288,"text":"70013288 - 1984 - The heat capacities of osumilite from 298.15 to 1000 K, the thermodynamic properties of two natural chlorites to 500 K, and the thermodynamic properties of petalite to 1800 K.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013288","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The heat capacities of osumilite from 298.15 to 1000 K, the thermodynamic properties of two natural chlorites to 500 K, and the thermodynamic properties of petalite to 1800 K.","docAbstract":"Modifications to an automated low-T, adiabatic calorimeter are described. Thermodynamic data obtained with this instrument are reported for minerals from metamorphic terrains. (U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 8451)-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., Robie, R.A., Kittrick, J., Grew, E., Nelen, J., and London, D., 1984, The heat capacities of osumilite from 298.15 to 1000 K, the thermodynamic properties of two natural chlorites to 500 K, and the thermodynamic properties of petalite to 1800 K.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 7-8, p. 701-710.","startPage":"701","endPage":"710","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb2e4b08c986b32368c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kittrick, J.A.","contributorId":20893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittrick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grew, E.S.","contributorId":31401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grew","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelen, J.A.","contributorId":96821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"London, D.","contributorId":61158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"London","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014019,"text":"70014019 - 1984 - The solubility of strontianite (SrCO3) in CO2-H2O solutions between 2 and 91°C, the association constants of SrHCO+3(aq) and SrCO03(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and an evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Sr2+(aq) and SrCO3(cr) at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:10:16","indexId":"70014019","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubility of strontianite (SrCO3) in CO2-H2O solutions between 2 and 91°C, the association constants of SrHCO+3(aq) and SrCO03(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and an evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Sr2+(aq) and SrCO3(cr) at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure","docAbstract":"Seventy new measurements (SrT-Pco2 of the solubility of strontianite were used to evaluate the equilibrium constant for the reaction SrCO3(cr) = Sr2+(aq) + CO2−3(aq) between 2 and 91 °C. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is given by the expression Log K = 155.0305 − 7239.594/T − 56.58638 log T where T is in degrees Kelvin. The log K of strontianite, the Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 25°C are −9.271 ± 0.020, 52.919 ± 0.08 kJ · mol−1, −1.67 ± 1.30 kJ · mol−1, and −183.1 ± 4.0 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. The equilibrium constants are consistent with an aqueous model that includes the ion pairs SrHCO+3(aq) and SrCO03(aq) which were evaluated by potentiometric methods between 5 and 80°C. The equilibrium constant for the association reaction Sr2+(aq) + HCO−3(aq) =SrHCO+3aq) is given by the expression Log KSrHCO+3 = −3.248 + 0.014867T. The log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 25°C are 1.18, −6.76 kJ · mol−1, 25.30 kJ · mol−1, and 107.5 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. The equilibrium constant for the association reaction Sr2+(aq) + CO2−3(aq) = SrCO03aq) is given by the expression Log KSrCO03 = −1.019 + 0.012826T. The log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the reaction at 25°C are 2.81, −16.01 kJ · mol−1,21.83 kJ · mol−1, and 126.9 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. These results lead to reliable calculation of the aqueous speciation and solubility of strontianite in the system SrCO3-CO2-H2O from 0 to more than 90°C. Literature data on the solubility of strontianite have been evaluated and compared with these results.
\nOur new data for strontianite have been used in an evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Sr2+(aq), SrCO3(cr) and related compounds. The following values are recommended for the standard enthalpy (kJ · mol−1), Gibbs energy (kJ · mol−1), and entropy (J · mol−1 · K−1), respectively, of Sr2+aq): −550.90 ± 0.50, −563.83 ± 0.8 and −31.50 ± 2.0, and for SrCO3(cr): −1225.77 ± 1.1, −1144.73 ± 1.0 and 97.2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90383-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., and Parker, V.B., 1984, The solubility of strontianite (SrCO3) in CO2-H2O solutions between 2 and 91°C, the association constants of SrHCO+3(aq) and SrCO03(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and an evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Sr2+(aq) and SrCO3(cr) at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 10, p. 2021-2035, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90383-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2021","endPage":"2035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb043e4b08c986b324d43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Vivian B.","contributorId":19713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28495,"text":"wri834178 - 1984 - Availability of water from the alluvial aquifer in part of the Green River Valley, King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T21:05:50.735452","indexId":"wri834178","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4178","title":"Availability of water from the alluvial aquifer in part of the Green River Valley, King County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe plans (1982) to build a fish hatchery in part of a 1.56-square-mile area in the Green River valley, Washington, and use groundwater to operate it. Groundwater data were collected in the area and used in a U.S. Geological Survey two-dimensional groundwater-flow model calibrated to simulate the groundwater-flow system in the study area. Measured water levels in the alluvial aquifer were simulated to within 1 foot at 7 of 12 observation wells, and within 2 feet at all 12 wells. When pumping from the aquifer was simulated with the model, it was found that all water pumped from wells was derived from induced leakage from the Green River into the alluvium and reduced leakage through the alluvium to the Green River. Pumping from the alluvium may also reduce the flow of a tributary to the Green River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834178","usgsCitation":"Lum, W.E., Alvord, R.C., and Drost, B., 1984, Availability of water from the alluvial aquifer in part of the Green River Valley, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4178, iii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834178.","productDescription":"iii, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415383,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35827.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123440,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4178/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Green River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.0970,\n 47.296\n ],\n [\n -122.0970,\n 47.269\n ],\n [\n -122.037,\n 47.269\n ],\n [\n -122.037,\n 47.296\n ],\n [\n -122.0970,\n 47.296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d64a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvord, R. C.","contributorId":65866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvord","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drost, B. W.","contributorId":38526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"B. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013938,"text":"70013938 - 1984 - Status and future of satellite image mapping: Based on experience of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T13:53:05","indexId":"70013938","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and future of satellite image mapping: Based on experience of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Space systems now provide data in basically orthographic form which greatly simplifies the production of the image map. Moreover, the multispectral capability of space systems facilitates the use of the color mode when compared to aerial photography. Digital graphical information systems are now being developed on a global basis and the response from space which represents the image in multispectral form will undoubtedly be incorporated into such information systems. Thus, the capability of printing out the image along with more conventional map data will be a viable option.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment.","conferenceLocation":"Paris, France","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","issn":"02755505","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1984, Status and future of satellite image mapping: Based on experience of the U.S. Geological Survey, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 2, Paris, France, p. 957-960.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"960","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf8de4b0c8380cd87660","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cook Jerald J.","contributorId":128359,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Cook Jerald J.","id":536285,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013999,"text":"70013999 - 1984 - PREDICTING GROUND-WATER DRAINAGE TO SURFACE MINES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70013999","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PREDICTING GROUND-WATER DRAINAGE TO SURFACE MINES.","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, finite-difference numerical model is used to simulate the drainage of ground water into a surface coal mine. Graphs of dimensionless head as a function of dimensionless distance, and dimensionless seepage flux as a function of dimensionless time are developed from results of the numerical modeling. Changes in seepage flux and ground-water levels can be estimated from the dimensionless hydrographs, from knowledge of aquifer characteristics prior to mining, and by means of several 'simple-to-use' equations. The technique is an improvement on previous experimental, analytical, and other numerical solutions because drainage from the unsaturated zone also is considered. The procedure is applicable to a wide range of hydrogeologic settings, but is especially applicable to hydrogeologic conditions typically encountered in the coal strip-mining regions of Illinois.","conferenceTitle":"Water for Resource Development, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Coeur D'Alene, ID, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624099","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L.S., and Galloway, D.L., 1984, PREDICTING GROUND-WATER DRAINAGE TO SURFACE MINES., Water for Resource Development, Proceedings of the Conference., Coeur D'Alene, ID, USA, p. 184-188.","startPage":"184","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7370e4b0c8380cd77029","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schreiber David L.","contributorId":128421,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Schreiber David L.","id":536286,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, Linda S. lsweiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Linda","email":"lsweiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012686,"text":"70012686 - 1984 - Upwarp of anomalous asthenosphere beneath the Rio Grande rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012686","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upwarp of anomalous asthenosphere beneath the Rio Grande rift","docAbstract":"Continental rifts are possible analogues of mid-ocean ridges, although major plate tectonic features are less clearly observed1. Current thermal models of mid-ocean ridges2-4 consist of solid lithospheric plates overlying the hotter, less viscous asthenosphere, with plate thickness increasing away from the ridge axis. The lithospheric lower boundary lies at or near the melting point isotherm, so that at greater depths higher temperatures account for lower viscosity, lower seismic velocities and possibly partial melting. Upwarp of this boundary at the ridge axis concentrates heat there, thus lowering densities by expansion and raising the sea floor to the level of thermal isostatic equilibrium. At slow spreading ridges, a major central graben forms owing to the mechanics of magma injection into the crust5. Topography, heat flow, gravity and seismic studies support these models. On the continents, a low-velocity channel has been observed, although it is poorly developed beneath ancient cratons6-9. Plate tectonic models have been applied to continental basins and margins10-12, but further similarities to the oceanic models remain elusive. Topographic uplift is often ascribed to Airy type isostatic compensation caused by crustal thickening, rather than thermal compensation in the asthenosphere. Here we discuss the Rio Grande rift, in southwestern United States. Teleseismic P-wave residuals show that regional uplift is explained by asthenosphere uplift rather than crustal thickening. ?? 1984 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/312354a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Parker, E., Davis, P., Evans, J., Iyer, H.M., and Olsen, K., 1984, Upwarp of anomalous asthenosphere beneath the Rio Grande rift: Nature, v. 312, no. 5992, p. 354-356, https://doi.org/10.1038/312354a0.","startPage":"354","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/312354a0"},{"id":222491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"312","issue":"5992","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd7ce4b08c986b329059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, E.C.","contributorId":53525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, K.H.","contributorId":95201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013387,"text":"70013387 - 1984 - Inverse problems for torsional modes.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:25:23","indexId":"70013387","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1804,"text":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse problems for torsional modes.","docAbstract":"Considers a spherically symmetric, non-rotating Earth consisting of an isotropic, perfect elastic material where the density and the S-wave velocity may have one or two discontinuities in the upper mantle. Shows that given the velocity throughout the mantle and the crust and given the density in the lower mantle, then the freqencies of the torsional oscillations of one angular order (one torsional spectrum), determine the density in the upper mantle and in the crust uniquely. If the velocity is known only in the lower mantle, then the frequencies of the torsional oscillations of two angular orders uniquely determine both the density and the velocity in the upper mantle and in the crust. In particular, the position and size of the discontinuities in the density and velocity are uniquely determined by two torsional spectra.-Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05074.x","usgsCitation":"Willis, C., 1984, Inverse problems for torsional modes.: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 78, no. 3, p. 847-853, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05074.x.","startPage":"847","endPage":"853","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1984.tb05074.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":219914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269141,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05074.x"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e50e4b0c8380cd63c8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willis, C.","contributorId":12748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013924,"text":"1013924 - 1984 - On the ability to detect the influence of spawning stock on recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:51:41.569782","indexId":"1013924","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the ability to detect the influence of spawning stock on recruitment","docAbstract":"Simulated observations of spawning stock size, recruitment, and two random environmental variables were obtained from a density-independent Leslie matrix model. Recruitment to Age 1 was directly proportional to population fecundity but strongly influenced by the effects of the random environmental variables. The simulated observations were subjected to multiple regression analysis which detected the influence of the random environmental variables but did not reliably detect the influence of spawning stock. These results indicate that multiple regression is unreliable in detecting the influence of stock on recruitment when annual variations in recruitment are primarily due to environmental factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<186:OTATDT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Goodyear, C., and Christensen, S.W., 1984, On the ability to detect the influence of spawning stock on recruitment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 186-193, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<186:OTATDT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"193","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodyear, C.P.","contributorId":11538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Sigurd W.","contributorId":94155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Sigurd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013406,"text":"70013406 - 1984 - MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013406","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3335,"text":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.","docAbstract":"Optical and scanning electron microscope as well as electron and proton microprobe techniques have been used in a detailed investigation of the modes of occurrence of arsenic and selenium in pyrite in Upper Freeport coal from the Homer City area, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. Polished blocks were prepared from columnar samples of the coal bed to represent particular zones continuously from top to bottom. Initial selection of zones to be studied was based on chemical analysis of bench-channel samples. Microprobe data indicate that the highest concentrations of arsenic (as great as 1. 5 wt. %) are apparently in solid solution in pyrite within a limited stratigraphic interval of the coal bed. Smaller amounts of arsenic and selenium (concentrations up to approximately 0. 1 and 0. 2 wt. % respectively) were detected at isolated points within pyrite grains in various strata of the coal bed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05865581","usgsCitation":"Minkin, J., Finkelman, R.B., Thompson, C., Chao, E.C., Ruppert, L., Blank, H., and Cecil, C.B., 1984, MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.: Scanning Electron Microscopy, no. pt 4, p. 1515-1529.","startPage":"1515","endPage":"1529","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ac5e4b0c8380cd6901c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blank, H.","contributorId":63275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70013555,"text":"70013555 - 1984 - A probabilistic model for the persistence of early planar fabrics in polydeformed pelitic schists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T23:57:04.025952","indexId":"70013555","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A probabilistic model for the persistence of early planar fabrics in polydeformed pelitic schists","docAbstract":"Although early planar fabrics are commonly preserved within microlithons in low-grade pelites, in higher-grade (amphibolite facies) pelitic schists fabric regeneration often appears complete. Evidence for early fabrics may be preserved within porphyroblasts but, within the matrix, later deformation often appears to totally obliterate or reorient earlier fabrics. However, examination of several hundred Dalradian pelites from Connemara, western Ireland, reveals that preservation of early fabrics is by no means uncommon; relict matrix domains, although volumetrically insignificant, are remarkably persistent even when inferred later strains are very large and fabric regeneration appears, at first sight, complete.
Deterministic plasticity theories are ill-suited to the analysis of such an inhomogeneous material response, and a probabilistic model is proposed instead. It assumes that ductile polycrystal deformation is controlled by elementary flow units which can be activated once their associated stress barrier is overcome. Bulk flow propensity is related to the proportion of simultaneous activations, and a measure of this is derived from the probabilistic interaction between a stress-barrier spectrum and an internal stress spectrum (the latter determined by the external loading and the details of internal stress transfer). The spectra are modelled as Gaussian distributions although the treatment is very general and could be adapted for other distributions. Using the time rate of change of activation probability it is predicted that, initially, fabric development will be rapid but will then slow down dramatically even though stress increases at a constant rate. This highly non-linear response suggests that early fabrics persist because they comprise unfavourable distributions of stress-barriers which remain unregenerated at the time bulk stress is stabilized by steady-state flow. Relict domains will, however, bear the highest stress and are potential upper-bound palaeostress estimators. Some factors relevant to the micromechanical explanation of relict matrix domains are discussed.
The chemical composition of ferromanganese nodules from the three nodule-bearing MANOP sites in the Pacific can be accounted for in a qualitative way by variable contributions of distinct accretionary processes. These accretionary modes are:
(1) hydrogenous, i.e., direct precipitation or accumulation of colloidal metal oxides in seawater,
(2) oxic diagenesis which refers to a variety of ferromanganese accretion processes occurring in oxic sediments; and
(3) suboxic diagenesis which results from reduction of Mn+4 by oxidation of organic matter in the sediments. Geochemical evidence suggests processes (1) and (2) occur at all three MANOP nodule-bearing sites, and process (3) occurs only at the hemipelagic site, H, which underlies the relatively productive waters of the eastern tropical Pacific.
A normative model quantitatively accounts for the variability observed in nearly all elements. Zn and Na, however, are not well explained by the three end-member model, and we suggest that an additional accretionary process results in greater variability in the abundances of these elements. Variable contributions from the three accretionary processes result in distinct top-bottom compositional differences at the three sites. Nodule tops from H are enriched in Ni, Cu, and Zn, instead of the more typical enrichments of these elements in nodule bottoms. In addition, elemental correlations typical of most pelagic nodules are reversed at site H.
The three accretionary processes result in distinct mineralogies. Hydrogenous precipitation produces δMnO2. Oxic diagenesis, however, produces Cu-Ni-rich todorokite, and suboxic diagenesis results in an unstable todorokite which transforms to a 7 Å phase (“birnessite”) upon dehydration. The presence of Cu and Ni as charge-balancing cations influence the stability of the todorokite structure. In the bottoms of H nodules, which accrete dominantly by suboxic diagenesis, Na+ and possibly Mn+2 provide much of the charge balance for the todorokite structure.
Limited growth rate data for H nodules suggest suboxic accretion is the fastest of the three processes, with rates at least 200 mm/106 yr. Oxic accretion is probably 10 times slower and hydrogenous 100 times slower. Since these rates predict more suboxic component in bulk nodules than is calculated by the normative analysis, we propose that suboxic accretion is a non-steady-state process. Variations in surface water productivity cause pulses of particulate flux to the sea floor which result in transient Mn reduction in the surface sediments and reprecipitation on nodule surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Dymond, J., Lyle, M., Finney, B., Piper, D., Murphy, K., Conard, R., and Pisias, N., 1984, Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R-Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 5, p. 931-949, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f87e4b0c8380cd53937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dymond, J.","contributorId":98461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dymond","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyle, M.","contributorId":40344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, B.","contributorId":72125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, K.","contributorId":89865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conard, R.","contributorId":63531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pisias, N.","contributorId":25290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5221823,"text":"5221823 - 1983 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184471,"text":"70184471 - 1983 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"70184471","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5221823,"text":"5221823 - 1983 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","indexId":"5221823","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:08:41","indexId":"5221823","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","docAbstract":"One new station was added to the Region V roster in 1981: Bestgate in the Annapolis suburbs. We also have a summary from Cylburn Arboretum in Baltimore City, a station that had not reported since 1977.
The total regional effort of 82,282 net-hours was surpassed only in 1980. Although the total net-hours of operation decreased only 10.8% from 1980, the number of birds banded dropped 15.8%. The greatest decrease in birds per 100 net-hours (-56%) occurred at Gulf Breeze, Florida. Inspection of the last two lines of Table I shows that only modest changes occurred at other stations. Complying the 14 stations that reported in both 1980 and 1981, the birds per 100 net-hours decreased from 40.31 to 38.20.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 1983, Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: North American Bird Bander, v. 8, no. 1, p. 30-35.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b30f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}