Estimators of population size and survival rate based on the Jolly-Seber capture-recapture model and the “enumeration method” are described. Enumeration estimators are shown to estimate complicated functions of capture and survival probabilities and, in the case of the population size estimator, population size. Frequently-listed reasons for preferring enumeration estimators are discussed and the Jolly-Seber estimators are shown to be superior even in the case of heterogeneity and trap-happy response, the two sources of unequal capture probability most likely to occur in small mammal studies. New developments in probabilistic capture-recapture models are described, and these models are recommended for future small mammal capture-recapture studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1380555","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Pollock, K.H., 1983, Estimation methodology in contemporary small mammal capture-recapture studies: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 64, no. 2, p. 253-260, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380555.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221835,"text":"5221835 - 1983 - Estimating taxonomic diversity, extinction rates, and speciation rates from fossil data using capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-06T13:42:44.880347","indexId":"5221835","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:58","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating taxonomic diversity, extinction rates, and speciation rates from fossil data using capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"Methods currently used to estimate taxonomic extinction probabilities from fossil data generally assume that the probability of encountering a specimen in a particular stratum, given that the taxon was extant in the time period and location represented by the stratum, either equals 1.0 or else is a constant for all strata. Methods used to estimate taxonomic diversity (number of taxa) and speciation rate generally assume that encounter probabilities equal 1.0. We suspect that these assumptions are often false. Capture-recapture models were historically developed for estimation in the face of variable and unknown sampling probabilities. These models can thus be used to estimate parameters of interest from paleobiological data when encounter probabilities are unknown and variable over time. These models also permit estimation of sampling variances, and goodness-of-fit tests are available for assessing the fit of data to most models. Here we describe capture-recapture models which should be useful in paleobiological analyses and discuss the assumptions which underlie them. We illustrate these models with examples and discuss aspects of study design. We conclude that these models should prove useful in paleobiological analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0094837300007533","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Pollock, K.H., 1983, Estimating taxonomic diversity, extinction rates, and speciation rates from fossil data using capture-recapture models: Paleobiology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 150-163, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300007533.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197147,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211166,"text":"5211166 - 1983 - Physiological effects of toxic substances on wildlife species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211166","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physiological effects of toxic substances on wildlife species","docAbstract":"Study of the physiological effects of contaminants on wildlife species has expanded as more sophisticated medical techniques are adapted to wildlife and as the mode of action of new classes of pesticides increase the number of organ systems which may be sublethally or lethally impacted. This paper summarizes some of the latest data published on toxicant affects on organ systems of warm-blooded vertebrates. Reporting on effects with enzyme systems concentrates on cholinesterase in blood and plasma after sublethal and lethal exposure to organophosphate end carbamate pesticides, but also covers, recent work with Na+, k+-ATPases, AST, AAT, and AL.AD. A discussion of recent work on hormones, biogenlc amines, and other compounds which indicate alteration of specific organ systems, is followed by examples of histopathological lesions associated both pathognomically and non-specifically with widely-used and/or severely toxic contaminants. All these specific effects and lesions are then discussed in terms of their potential for use diagnostically in field problems and their practical and possible impact on wildlife populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Collected Reports from the Czechoslovak-American Symposium on Toxic Effects of Chemical Environmental Contaminants upon Production and Reproduction Ability in Free-Living Animals (held October 3-4, 1983)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Veterinary Medicine","publisherLocation":"Kosice, Czechoslovakia","collaboration":"Actually published in 1987. Only meeting year given on publication.","usgsCitation":"Haseltine, S.D., 1983, Physiological effects of toxic substances on wildlife species, chap. of Collected Reports from the Czechoslovak-American Symposium on Toxic Effects of Chemical Environmental Contaminants upon Production and Reproduction Ability in Free-Living Animals (held October 3-4, 1983).","productDescription":"273","startPage":"53 (abs)","numberOfPages":"273","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660a8e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kacmar, Peter","contributorId":112854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kacmar","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507657,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legath, J.","contributorId":112511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legath","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507656,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Haseltine, S. D.","contributorId":80219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haseltine","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210323,"text":"5210323 - 1983 - Avian artificial insemination and semen preservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210323","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Avian artificial insemination and semen preservation","docAbstract":"Summary: Artificial insemination is a practical propagation tool that has been successful with a variety of birds. Cooperative, massage, and electroejaculation and modifications of these three basic methods of semen collection are described for a variety of birds. Semen color and consistency and sperm number, moti!ity, and morphology, as discussed, are useful indicators of semen quality, but the most reliable test of semen quality is the production of fertile eggs. Successful cryogenic preservation of avian semen with DMSO or glycerol as the cryoprotectant has been possible. Although the methods for preservation require special equipment, use of frozen semen requires only simple insemination supplies","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1983 Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium on Breeding Birds in Captivity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds","publisherLocation":"North Hollywood, California","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., 1983, Avian artificial insemination and semen preservation, chap. of Proceedings of the 1983 Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium on Breeding Birds in Captivity, p. 375-398.","productDescription":"xiii, 622 (loose leaf)","startPage":"375","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a708","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Risser, Arthur C.","contributorId":111597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506280,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Frank S.","contributorId":113201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506281,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210310,"text":"5210310 - 1983 - Nutrition and disease relationships that may serve as models for feeding oiled birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210310","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Nutrition and disease relationships that may serve as models for feeding oiled birds","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Effects of Oil on Birds: A Multi-discipline Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Wilmington, Delaware","usgsCitation":"Serafin, J.A., 1983, Nutrition and disease relationships that may serve as models for feeding oiled birds, chap. of The Effects of Oil on Birds: A Multi-discipline Symposium, p. 167-178.","productDescription":"iv, 178","startPage":"167","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696690","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rosie, D.","contributorId":111324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosie","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506261,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, S.N.","contributorId":112903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506262,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Serafin, John A.","contributorId":11292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210308,"text":"5210308 - 1983 - Environmental contaminants in tissues, foods, and feces of California condors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental contaminants in tissues, foods, and feces of California condors","docAbstract":"Two wild California Condors contained moderate to high levels of DDE in their tissues. The levels found could be high enough to cause reproductive problems in adult condors, if the assumption is made that condors are as susceptible to DDE as many other species of birds of prey. Other organochlorines occurred at low levels and probably were not high enough to cause deleterious effects. Metal residues in tissues of one bird were generally low except for copper in liver and lead in bone. Normal background levels of these metals in cathartids are unknown, making interpretation of the results difficult. Organochlorine residues in biopsy samples from a captive condor were low and probably would not have an adverse effect on reproduction if the bird were used for captive breeding. Organochlorines were not detected in food items used in the supplemental feeding program, and mercury and lead residues in these items were generally low. Information is needed on current contaminant levels in natural condor prey throughout the condor range.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vulture Biology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley and Los Angeles","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Krynitsky, A.J., and Wilbur, S., 1983, Environmental contaminants in tissues, foods, and feces of California condors, chap. of Vulture Biology and Management, p. 427-439.","productDescription":"xxii, 550","startPage":"427","endPage":"439","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602418","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilbur, Sanford R.","contributorId":34188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"Sanford","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506259,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Jerome A.","contributorId":112944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506260,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210332,"text":"5210332 - 1983 - Effects of oil on avian reproduction: A review and discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210332","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of oil on avian reproduction: A review and discussion","docAbstract":"Oil pollution is a highly visible form of environmental contamination that affects avian reproduction in a variety of ways. Plumage oiling causes widespread and locally severe mortality of adult birds. Egg oiling can be a serious hazard for bird embryos but only a few field observationons of this have been reported. Oil ingestion seldom kills birds directly but it causes sublethal change~ in the bodily functions and behavior of adults and nestlings. Studies of the effects of oil on avian reproduction have produced varied and, in ingestion studies, sometimes conflicting results because of inconsistent experimental design and the use of different test species and types of oil. Field experimentation with the sublethal effects of ingested oil on avian reproduction has been limited. Simulation modelling of seabird populations has shown that (l) an occasional decrease in survival of breeding adults will have a greater impact on seabird populations than an occasional decrease in reproductive success, and (2) populations of long-lived seabirds with low reproductive potential have great difficulty recovering from high one-time mortality when experiencing even small sustained annual decreases in either natality or breeding adult survival. The impact of oil-related decreases in survival or reproduction will be more noticeable at the local or colony level than at the regional or species level. Immigration, surplus breeders, and possible compensatory changes in natality and mortality resulting from population reductions usually prevent local population reductions from lasting very long (unless the species is rare or at the edge of its range). A study of west European seabird populations indicates that the natural annual mortality of the region greatly exceeds the annual mortality due to plumage oiling; effects of oil ingestion and egg oiling were not measured but were thought to be less than the mortality from plu~age oiling. Oil-related mortality, even if in addition to expected mortality, would not have a detectable impact on regional populations if environmental conditions were favorable (increased natality, decreased mortality) for the birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Effects of Oil on Birds: Physiological Research, Clinical Applications and Rehabilitation. A Multi-discipline Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Wilmington, Delaware","collaboration":"OCLC: 11500897","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., 1983, Effects of oil on avian reproduction: A review and discussion, chap. of The Effects of Oil on Birds: Physiological Research, Clinical Applications and Rehabilitation. A Multi-discipline Symposium, p. 78-96.","productDescription":"iv, 178","startPage":"78","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ae4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rosie, Don","contributorId":114014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosie","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506295,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Stephen N.","contributorId":111980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506294,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200140,"text":"5200140 - 1983 - Effects of the insecticide, orthene, on unconfined populations of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). I. Capture/recapture procedures; II. Residues and cholinesterase inhibition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5200140","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Effects of the insecticide, orthene, on unconfined populations of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). I. Capture/recapture procedures; II. Residues and cholinesterase inhibition","docAbstract":"In 1982 and 1983. the population demography of M. pennsylvanicus was not altered significantly by single or double applications of Orthene. Although inconsistencies in population size, survival, and recruitment were not explained by differences between control and experimental grids in breeding, emigration, interspecific competition, or pesticide-induced mortality, there may have been fundamental microhabitat differences between grids in both years, and this is supported by prespray data. Slight differences between grids may also reflect the random error associated with the models used to estimate parameters. No evidence was found to indicate an effect on relative weight change or average distances moved. The level of brain AChE in 1982 during sequential days after spraying was significantly lower than control levels. However, this inhibition was not enough to cause direct mortality. Recovery of brain AChe was gradual, probably reflecting continual re-exposure through the diet. Acephate and methamidophos residues were present in the vegetation collected from sprayed areas immediately following treatment, but were reduced or absent after 8 days. AChE inhibition in 1982 and 1983 extended beyond the disappearance of residues in the vegetation. Residues were only present in the G.l. tracts of voles collected immediately following treatment due to rapid metabolism and excretion. Levels in the vegetation and G.l. tracts in 1982 and 1983 were well below the rat oral LD50 of acephate. It is concluded that Orthene applied at recommended levels, in a single or double treatment, should not affect unconfined populations of M. pennsylvanicus in Maryland old-field habitats. Furthermore, this study confirms this method as a sensitive means to determine the overall impact of insecticides on wildlife populations. However, caution must be exercised to insure that all control and experimental areas are closely scrutinized for habitat differences.","language":"English","publisher":"M.S. thesis, University of Maryland.","publisherLocation":"College Park, MD","usgsCitation":"Jett, D.A., 1983, Effects of the insecticide, orthene, on unconfined populations of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). I. Capture/recapture procedures; II. Residues and cholinesterase inhibition, viii, 83.","productDescription":"viii, 83","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jett, David A.","contributorId":66366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011211,"text":"70011211 - 1983 - Heavy-mineral distribution in modern and ancient bay deposits, Willapa Bay, Washington, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:32:22.113321","indexId":"70011211","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy-mineral distribution in modern and ancient bay deposits, Willapa Bay, Washington, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Analysis of heavy-mineral distribution in modern sediments of Willapa Bay, Washington, indicates a dominance of two mineralogic assemblages, one with approximately equivalent amounts of hornblende, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, the other dominated by clinopyroxene. The hornblende-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene suite is derived from the Columbia River, which discharges into the ocean a short distance south of the bay. The clinopyroxene suite is restricted in modern sediments to sands in rivers flowing into the bay from the east. The heavy-mineral distributions suggest that sand discharged from the Columbia River, borne north by longshore transport, and carried into the bay by tidal currents accounts for most of the sand within the interior of Willapa Bay.
Three heavy-mineral assemblages are present in the surrounding Pleistocene deposits; two of these are identical to the modern assemblages described above. These heavy-mineral assemblages reflect the relative influence of tidal and fluvial processes on the Late Pleistocene deposits; their relative influences are consistent with those inferred on the basis of sedimentary structures and stratigraphic relations in about two-thirds of the samples examined. The anomalies can be explained by recycling of sand from older deposits. The persistence of the two heavy-mineral assemblages suggests that the pattern of estuarine sedimentation in Late Pleistocene deposits closely resembled that of the modern bay.
The third heavy-mineral suite, dominated by epidote, occurs in a few older Pleistocene units. On the north side of the bay, the association of this suite with southwest-directed foresets in crossbedded gravel indicates derivation from the northeast, perhaps from an area of glacial outwash. The presence of this suite in ancient estuarine sands exposed on the east side of the bay suggests that input from this northerly source may have intermittently dominated bay deposition in the past.
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The ground-water hydrology of the Jasper aquifer in an area of about 20,000 square miles (52,000 square kilometers) was simulated by a two-dimensional digital model using a steady-state approach. The model represents hydrologic conditions prior to development by wells, when natural recharge equaled natural discharge. The model's grid pattern of 15 x 24 nodes varies from a dimension of 5 by 10 miles (8 by 16 kilometers) in the outcrop to 10 by 10 miles (16 by 16 kilometers) in the artesian section downdip from the outcrop.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83677","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Baker, E., 1983, Hydrology of the Jasper (Miocene) Aquifer in the Southeast Texas coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-677, Report: viii, 68 p.; 17 Plates: 20.28 x 10.58 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83677.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 68 p.; 17 Plates: 20.28 x 10.58 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, E.T.","contributorId":11584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39663,"text":"pp1313 - 1983 - Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 — Tectonics and seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T17:51:46.450803","indexId":"pp1313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1313","title":"Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 — Tectonics and seismicity","docAbstract":"Since 1973, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), with support from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, has conducted extensive investigations of the tectonic and seismic history of the Charleston, S.C., earthquake zone and surrounding areas. The goal of these investigations has been to discover the cause of the large intraplate Charleston earthquake of 1886, which dominates the record of seismicity in the Southeastern United States, through an understanding of the historic and modern seismicity at Charleston and of the tectonic setting of the seismicity. This goal is being pursued to evaluate the potential for additional large earthquakes in the Charleston area and surrounding regions and to determine whether the Charleston area differs tectonically in any significant fashion from other parts of the Southeastern United States. An understanding of the specific cause for the 1886 event and of the regional distribution of any structures that are generically related to or geometrically and mechanically similar to the source structure is essential for evaluation of seismic hazards throughout the Southeast.
The results given herein represent significant progress toward understanding the tectonic setting of the Charleston-area seismicity. Several chapters in the volume address the distribution and origin of pre-Cretaceous rocks and structures beneath Coastal Plain sediments in the Charleston area and regionally beneath the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain and adjacent Continental Shelf. The modern seismicity at Charleston is occurring at depths equal to or greater than the known extent of these older structures, and rejuvenation of an older fault in the modern stress field is a possible cause of the seismicity. Accordingly, several chapters discuss the possible relationships of the various pre-Cretaceous structures to faults identified near Charleston that have a known Cretaceous and Cenozoic movement history and to the historic and instrumentally recorded seismicity. However, at the present time, none of the young structures can be related unequivocally to the seismicity because earthquake fault-plane solutions and hypocenter distributions do not agree with the locations and orientations of these structures. Therefore, a major emphasis of continuing USGS investigations near Charleston will be to identify additional faults, if any exist, to delineate fault movement histories, and to further refine earthquake locations, focal mechanisms, and related seismological interpretations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Gottfried, D., Annell, C.S., Byerly, G.R., Lanphere, M.A., Phillips, J.D., Gohn, G., Houser, B.B., Schneider, R.R., Ackermann, H.D., Yantis, B.R., Costain, J.K., Schilt, F.S., Brown, L., Oliver, J.E., Kaufman, S., Hamilton, R.M., Behrendt, J.C., Henry, V.J., Bayer, K.C., Daniels, D.L., Zietz, I., Popenoe, P., Chowns, T.M., Williams, C.T., Dooley, R.E., Wampler, J., Dillon, W.P., Klitgord, K.D., Paull, C.K., McGinnis, L.D., Dewey, J.W., Tarr, A.C., Rhea, S., Wentworth, C.M., Mergner-Keefer, M., and Bollinger, G.A., 1983, Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 — Tectonics and seismicity: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1313, Report: 467 p.; 8 Plates: 47.36 x 40.73 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1313.","productDescription":"Report: 467 p.; 8 Plates: 47.36 x 40.73 inches or smaller","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104598,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4798.htm","text":"Regenerate faults of small Cenozoic offset - probable earthquake sources in the southeastern United States","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4798"},{"id":104597,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4797.htm","text":"Pre-Cretaceous rocks beneath the Georgia coastal plain - regional implications","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4797"},{"id":340380,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/pp1313L_plate-1.pdf","text":"1313-L Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67384,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":67383,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/plate-1.pdf","text":"1313-S Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP1313S - Plate 1"},{"id":340375,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/pp1313I_plate-1.pdf","text":"1313-I Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/pp1313J_plate-2.pdf","text":"1313-J Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340378,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/pp1313J_plate-3.pdf","text":"1313-J Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340379,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/pp1313K_plate-1.pdf","text":"1313-K Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399785,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4795.htm","text":"Mesozoic tectonics of the southeastern United States coastal plain and continental margin"},{"id":104596,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4796.htm","text":"Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 - tectonics and seismicity","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4796"},{"id":340381,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/pp1313P_plate-1.pdf","text":"1313-P Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340376,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1313/pp1313J_plate-1.pdf","text":"1313-J Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"
Statistical data are presented from a regional geochemical study of the Ajo 1° x 2° quadrangle exclusive of the Papago Indian Reservation, but including the extension of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument into the Lukeville 1° x 2° quadrangle. Frequency distribution data from the analysis of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples for 31 elements have broad ranges and for most elements have maxima well above normal. Elemental associations derived from correlation and R-mode factor analysis related to regional lithologic variation and for some associations suggest mineral-resource potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83734","usgsCitation":"Theobald, P., and Barton, H.N., 1983, Statistical parameters for resource evaluation of geochemical data from the Ajo 1° x 2° quadrangle, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-734, Report: iii, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 32.00 × 25.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83734.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 32.00 × 25.47 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":39275,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0734/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39276,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0734/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390076,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14201.htm"},{"id":144118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0734/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Ajo 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 31.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6515f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theobald, P. K.","contributorId":45293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Harlan N.","contributorId":27842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Harlan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60819,"text":"mf1583 - 1983 - Geologic, aeromagnetic and mineral resource potential maps of the Whisker Lake Wilderness, Florence County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:20:09","indexId":"mf1583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1583","title":"Geologic, aeromagnetic and mineral resource potential maps of the Whisker Lake Wilderness, Florence County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the results of a mineral resource survey of the Whisker Lake Wilderness in the Nicolet National Forest, Florence County, Wisconsin. The wilderness was established by Public Law 95-494, October 21, 1978.
\nThe mineral resource potential of the Whisker Lake Wilderness in the Nicolet National Forest, Florence County, northeastern Wisconsin, was evaluated in 1982. The bedrock consists of recrystallized and deformed volcanic and sedimentary rocks of Early Proterozoic age. Sand and gravel are the only identified resources in the Whisker Lake Wilderness. However, the area is somewhat isolated from current markets and both commodities are abundant regionally. The wilderness also has low potential for peat in swampy lowlands. The southwestern part of the wilderness has a low to moderate mineral resource potential for stratabound massive-sulfide (copper-zinc-lead) deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1583","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., 1983, Geologic, aeromagnetic and mineral resource potential maps of the Whisker Lake Wilderness, Florence County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1583, 29.23 x 24.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1583.","productDescription":"29.23 x 24.65 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1583.PNG"},{"id":327472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1583/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Florence County","otherGeospatial":"Nicolet National Forest, Whisker Lake Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.5,45.9 ], [ -88.5,46 ], [ -88.41666666666667,46 ], [ -88.41666666666667,45.9 ], [ -88.5,45.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":264441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11502,"text":"ofr82769 - 1983 - Evaluation of water-quality characteristics of part of the Spokane Aquifer, Washington and Idaho, using a solute-transport digital model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:41","indexId":"ofr82769","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-769","title":"Evaluation of water-quality characteristics of part of the Spokane Aquifer, Washington and Idaho, using a solute-transport digital model","docAbstract":"The principal dissolved constituents in water in the Spokane aquifer are calcium and bicarbonate. These constituents (as well as dissolved solids, hardness, and magnesium) each correlate well with specific conductance, whereas chloride, sodium, and nitrate each do not. Specific conductance ranges from 73 to 820 micromhos per centimeter throughout the study area. Short-term variations in water quality in the Spokane aquifer are generally greater than long-term variations. \r\n\r\nVertical variations in concentration of chemical constituents occurred in four of 15 wells used to sample the upper 50 feet of the aquifer along several cross sections. Changes in water quality from one cross section to another could not be directly related to land-use activities. \r\n\r\nA digital model was developed and used to simulate solute transport of conservative ions in the Spokane aquifer. Specifically, the model was used to estimate the impact of the chloride ion from recharge through septic tanks and from irrigation on the water quality of the aquifer. Analysis shows that the estimated impact on the aquifer from these two source loadings was less than a 1-milligram-per-liter increase throughout approximately 80 percent of the aquifer, but increases averaging about 3 milligrams per liter occurred in some peripheral areas. Various water-quality-management schemes based on manmade or natural stresses can be tested with the model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82769","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., and Bolke, E., 1983, Evaluation of water-quality characteristics of part of the Spokane Aquifer, Washington and Idaho, using a solute-transport digital model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-769, vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82769.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0769/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39368,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0769/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10240,"text":"ofr83422 - 1983 - High-Resolution Seismic Profile and Sidescan-Sonar Data Collected During June 1980 Offshore New Jersey, Whitefoot Cruise 80-1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T14:51:00","indexId":"ofr83422","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-422","title":"High-Resolution Seismic Profile and Sidescan-Sonar Data Collected During June 1980 Offshore New Jersey, Whitefoot Cruise 80-1","docAbstract":"This survey (888 km), of the New Jersey nearshore area, extended between Corson Inlet to the south and Mlanasquan Inlet to the north and from about 8 m depth to about 25 m depth. The lines were located between latitudes 39° and 40°10'N and longitudes 73°50' and 74° 40'W. High-resolution seismicreflection data were collected using an EG&G Uniboom (400-4000 Hz) and an ORE Mode! 1035 (3.5 kHz) subbottom profiling system in conjunction with a Klein Sidescan Sonar System (100 kHz). While the quality of the data is variable, it is virtually all usable and generally of good quality but rarely excellent. Due to equipment failure, only 880 km of 3.5 kHz and 796 km of sidescan-sonar data were recorded. Navigation was by Loran-C. and fixes were recorded at 5-minute time intervals with some gaps in the data.
Analysis of the sidescan-sonar data shows five recognizable features in the study area. Megaripples (2-3 m crestal spacing) were recorded almost exclusively on coast parallel tracklines, and were most abundant at distances of 10 to 20 km offshore. Nonlinear light and dark patches were abundant in the northern half of the study area and offshore to the south. Two groups of linear light and dark bands were observed as being clearly parallel or oblique to the bathymetric contours and were noted throughout the survey area. Trawl marks were noted on only one line near the shore, just north of Barnegat Inlet.
These observations indicate widespread, perhaps frequent, movement of the surface sands on the Inner New Jersey continental shelf. Directions of sediment transport are suggested by the orientation of the alternating light and dark bands and the ripples, assuming a parallel and/or transverse relative movement. Asymmetry of the ripples was not observed on the sidescan sonographs.
The high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles indicate three distinct types of subbottom stratigraphy in the top 20 to 40 m of sediment. Reflectors in the area north of Barnegat Inlet dip gently (<1° ) to the south-southeast. The thirty plotted reflectors are 5 to 12 m apart (vertically), are essentially parallel, and are truncated on the updip (northern) limits where they outcrop or subcrop (under a 2-4 m overburden). Truncated by erosion, they are the dominant cause of N65° east-striking topographic ridges in this offshore region. The age of the reflectors is· inferred to be Tertiary from the strike and dip, which are the same as the Tertiary beds of adjacent New Jersey.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr83422","usgsCitation":"McClennen, C.E., 1983, High-Resolution Seismic Profile and Sidescan-Sonar Data Collected During June 1980 Offshore New Jersey, Whitefoot Cruise 80-1: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-422, 5 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83422.","productDescription":"5 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259852,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0422/ofr1983422.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1983-422"}],"contact":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543