The Al 'Awshaziyah quadrangle (26/41 B) is located between lat 26°30' and 27°00 f N. and long 41°30' and 42°00' E. in the northeastern part of the Arabian Shield. The quadrangle contains surficial Quaternary deposits and locally exposed underlying upper Proterozoic intrusive, volcanic, and volcaniclastic rocks.
\nThe oldest rocks, gabbro and pyroxenite, are tentatively correlated with the Ha'il mafic-ultramafic complex to the north of the quadrangle. Two younger volcanic sequences, structurally more or less distinct but compositionally transitional, have been identified. The Aqab formation (about 640-610 Ma old) consists of slightly metamorphosed, moderately to strongly folded flows and tuffs of basalt, dacite, and minor rhyolite. An interlayered subaerial conglomerate and a lack of deep-marine sediments distinguish the Aqab from the older and distinctly oceanic Nuf formation. The.Aqab formation is overlain by felsic ash-flow tuffs and related fragmental rocks of the Al 'Awshaziyah formation whose major source is a large caldera in the western part of the quadrangle.
\nPlutonic rocks include granites that predate and postdate both the Aqab and Al 'Awshaziyah formations. The youngest granites, dated at about 580 Ma, are the Salma and Ar Rumman batholiths and are more -alkaline and more silicic than the older granites. The Ar Rumman granite is peralkaline. Even the youngest intrusive rocks have been cut by faults that are probably related to the northwest-trending Najd fault system. No metallic mineralization has been recognized in the quadrangle. A small quarry near the western boundary of the quadrangle produces crushed rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84497","usgsCitation":"Leo, G.W., 1984, Reconnaissance geology of the Al'Awshaziyah Quadrangle, sheet 26/41 B, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-497, v, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84497.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":49307,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0497/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49308,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0497/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0497/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 41,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640faf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leo, G. W.","contributorId":102899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leo","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15611,"text":"ofr84459 - 1984 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15611,"text":"ofr84459 - 1984 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","indexId":"ofr84459","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4709,"text":"twri03B6 - 1987 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","indexId":"twri03B6","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4709,"text":"twri03B6 - 1987 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","indexId":"twri03B6","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr84459","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-459","title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","docAbstract":"The principle of superposition, a powerful methematical technique for analyzing certain types of complex problems in many areas of science and technology, has important application in ground-water hydraulics and modeling of ground-water systems. The principle of superposition states that solutions to individual problems can be added together to obtain solutions to complex problems. This principle applies to linear systems governed by linear differential equations. This report introduces the principle of superposition as it applies to groundwater hydrology and provides background information, discussion, illustrative problems with solutions, and problems to be solved by the reader. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84459","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., Franke, O., and Bennett, G., 1984, The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-459, vi, 36 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84459.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112992,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0459/report.pdf","size":"3087","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0459/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641cb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franke, O.L.","contributorId":57082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, G.D.","contributorId":81073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25449,"text":"wri834160 - 1984 - A digital model for streamflow routing by convolution methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"wri834160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4160","title":"A digital model for streamflow routing by convolution methods","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey computer model, CONROUT, for routing streamflow by unit-response convolution flow-routing techniques from an upstream channel location to a downstream channel location has been developed and documented. Calibration and verification of the flow-routing model and subsequent use of the model for simulation is also documented. Three hypothetical examples and two field applications are presented to illustrate basic flow-routing concepts. Most of the discussion is limited to daily flow routing since, to date, all completed and current studies of this nature involve daily flow routing. However, the model is programmed to accept hourly flow-routing data. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834160","usgsCitation":"Doyle, W., Shearman, H., Stiltner, G., and Krug, W., 1984, A digital model for streamflow routing by convolution methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4160, vi, 136 p. :ill., charts ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834160.","productDescription":"vi, 136 p. :ill., charts ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, W.H. Jr.","contributorId":59029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearman, H.O.","contributorId":40630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearman","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stiltner, G.J.","contributorId":56668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiltner","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krug, W.O.","contributorId":77964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":10655,"text":"ofr84727 - 1984 - Compilation of data collected and derived for water years 1980 and 1981 for the purpose of water-quality modeling of the lower Ouachita River and selected tributaries, south-central Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:27","indexId":"ofr84727","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-727","title":"Compilation of data collected and derived for water years 1980 and 1981 for the purpose of water-quality modeling of the lower Ouachita River and selected tributaries, south-central Arkansas","docAbstract":"This report represents water-quality, sediment oxygen demand, phytoplankton, periphyton, bacteria, instantaneous and mean-daily discharge, stream geometry, time of travel, reaeration data and other water quality collected on the lower Ouachita River (from just upstream of Little Missouri River to Lock and Dam 6), West Two Bayou, Smackover Creek, Haynes Creek and selected tributaries. The data were collected primarily between August 1980 and September 1981. Over 100 sites were sampled, but most were sampled only during two intensive sampling periods in mid-August of 1980 and mid-September of 1981. The water-quality data include measurements of pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, whole-water nitrogen species, total phosphorus, total orthophosphorus, dissolved chlorides, dissolved sulfate, ultimate biochemical oxygen demand and organic carbon. The phytoplankton and periphyton data include measurements of chlorophyll a and b, taxonomic identification cell counts and weights. Limited precipitation data are also included. Maps and schematic diagrams of the lower Ouachita River, West Two Bayou, Smackover Creek and Haynes Creek drainage systems show the location of the data-collection sites within the area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84727","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.C., and Morris, E.E., 1984, Compilation of data collected and derived for water years 1980 and 1981 for the purpose of water-quality modeling of the lower Ouachita River and selected tributaries, south-central Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-727, vii, 130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84727.","productDescription":"vii, 130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0727/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0727/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J. C.","contributorId":8106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, E. E.","contributorId":93493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18085,"text":"ofr84162 - 1984 - Major oxide analyses, CIPW norms, modes, and bulk specific gravities of plutonic rocks from the Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T15:43:13.660166","indexId":"ofr84162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-162","title":"Major oxide analyses, CIPW norms, modes, and bulk specific gravities of plutonic rocks from the Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84162","usgsCitation":"Bateman, P.C., Dodge, F., and Bruggman, P., 1984, Major oxide analyses, CIPW norms, modes, and bulk specific gravities of plutonic rocks from the Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet, central Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-162, viii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84162.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75720.htm"},{"id":47439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0162/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mariposa 1° x 2° sheet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, P. C.","contributorId":27851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, F. C.","contributorId":74012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruggman, P. E.","contributorId":83536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggman","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25831,"text":"wri834092 - 1984 - Water-quality assessment of the Illinois River basin, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri834092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4092","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Illinois River basin, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A water-quality assessment was made of Illinois River, Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, and Osage Creek in northwest Arkansas. Data were collected to calibrate and verify steady-state digital, stream, water-quality models. The models were then used to simulate changes in instream diel-minimum dissolved-oxygen resulting from changes in nutrient loading. The city of Fayetteville proposes to divert part of its projected wastewater-treatment plant discharge to Illinois River. Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, and Osage Creek currently received effluent from the cities of Prairie Grove, Springdale, and Rogers, respectively. The diel-minimum dissolved-oxygen standard for each of these streams is 4.0 mg/L under projected loadings. Data collected indicate that none of the four streams meet Arkansas state standards for diel-minimum dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria. Computed dissolved-oxygen deficits indicate that benthal demand is the principal reason for dissolved-oxygen not meeting standards. Model simulations indicate that Spring Creek and Osage Creek can meet dissolved oxygen standards with stringent effluent limits imposed at the inspecting waste water-treatment plants; Muddy Fork and Illinois River can not. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834092","usgsCitation":"Terry, J.E., Morris, E.E., Petersen, J.C., and Darling, M., 1984, Water-quality assessment of the Illinois River basin, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4092, 435 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834092.","productDescription":"435 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terry, J. E.","contributorId":87930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, E. E.","contributorId":93493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Jim C.","contributorId":43816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darling, M.E.","contributorId":82355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5810,"text":"pp1260 - 1984 - Geophysical interpretation of the gneiss terrane of northern Washington and southern British Columbia, and its implications for uranium exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:58","indexId":"pp1260","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1260","title":"Geophysical interpretation of the gneiss terrane of northern Washington and southern British Columbia, and its implications for uranium exploration","docAbstract":"The Omineca crystalline belt of northeastern Washington and southern British Columbia has a regional Bouguer gravity high, and individual gneiss domes within the terrane are marked by local gravity highs. Models of crustal structure that satisfy the limited available seismic-refraction data and explain the gravity high over the gneiss terrane permit the hypothesis that the core metamorphic complexes are the surface expression of a zone of dense infrastructure that makes up the upper 20 km (kilometers) of the crust within the crystalline belt. \r\n\r\nThe Omineca crystalline belt is characterized regionally by low aeromagnetic relief. The gneiss domes and biotite- and biotite-muscovite granites are generally marked by low magnetic relief, whereas hornblende-biotite granites often cause magnetic highs. Exceptional magnetic highs mark zones of magnetic rock within the biotite- and biotite-muscovite granites and the gneiss domes; these areas are worthy of study, both to determine the origin and disposition of the magnetite and to explore the possible existence of uraniferous magnetite deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1260","usgsCitation":"Cady, J.W., and Fox, K., 1984, Geophysical interpretation of the gneiss terrane of northern Washington and southern British Columbia, and its implications for uranium exploration: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1260, 29 p.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1260.","productDescription":"29 p.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104586,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4774.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4774"},{"id":125043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1260/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32494,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1260/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32495,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1260/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, John W.","contributorId":104462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, Kenneth F.","contributorId":29804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Kenneth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":825,"text":"wsp2233 - 1984 - A water-quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary — An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T19:46:52.951693","indexId":"wsp2233","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2233","title":"A water-quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary — An overview","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey began a 5-year interdisciplinary study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary in October of 1977. The objectives of the study are: (1) to provide a basic understanding of physical, chemical, and biological processes; (2) to develop flow and transport models to predict the movement and fate of nutrients and algaes and (3) to develop efficient techniques for the study of tidal rivers and estuaries. The ultimate goal is to aid water-quality decision-making for the tidal Potomac River and Estuary. \r\n\r\nThe study is being conducted by scientists from many disciplines involved in 14 interrelated studies. These scientists are addressing five major problem areas: nutrient enrichment, algal blooms, dissolved oxygen, sedimentation, and effects of water quality on living resources. Preliminary results show that treatment of sewage has reduced the concentration load of organic carbon and phosphorus below that of the 1960's and 1970's, and changed the form of dissolved nitrogen in the tidal river. Concentrations of chlorophyll a during the study period were lower than those experienced during the massive algal blooms of the 1960's. \r\n\r\nDissolved oxygen concentrations fluctuate in response to changes in algal populations, but remain above the Environmental Protection Agency limits during the summer low-flow period. Sedimentation rates have accelerated during the past 50-70 years due to urbanization and farming. Asian clams have recently invaded the tidal river; submersed aquatic vegetation has declined since the early 1900's, but conditions may now favor its return.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2233","usgsCitation":"1984, A water-quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary — An overview: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2233, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2233.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394683,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25267.htm"},{"id":137013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2233/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2233/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"District of Columbia, Potomic River and Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.52227783203125,\n 37.92253448828906\n ],\n [\n -76.26983642578125,\n 37.92253448828906\n ],\n [\n -76.26983642578125,\n 39.23863526469436\n ],\n [\n -77.52227783203125,\n 39.23863526469436\n ],\n [\n -77.52227783203125,\n 37.92253448828906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d94","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":83923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729107,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hahl, D. C.","contributorId":57436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729109,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie","contributorId":13205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729110,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schultz, Barbara I.","contributorId":94279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729111,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":10979,"text":"ofr83757 - 1984 - Ground-water resources of Rusk County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T12:42:17","indexId":"ofr83757","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-757","title":"Ground-water resources of Rusk County, Texas","docAbstract":"Fresh to slightly saline water is available in most parts of Rusk County, which is located in the Piney Woods region of northeast Texas. The Wilcox aquifer, which underlies the entire county, was the source of most of the ground water withdrawn during 1980. Other units capable of yielding fresh ground water are the Carrizo, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers and the Reklaw Formation.
\nAbout 5.4 million gallons per day (20,440 cubic meters per day) of ground water was used for all purposes during 1980. Of this amount, about 78 percent was used for public supply, 10 percent for mining, 8 percent for industrial purposes, and 4 percent for rural domestic use. Water levels have declined extensively at the city of Henderson, which used about 38 percent of all ground water consumed in Rusk County.
\nGenerally, the ground water is of acceptable quality. Water in some of the near-surface beds and some of the deeper sands in the Wilcox aquifer may have become mineralized because of oilfield operations. Ground-water contamination by oilfield brines at Henderson Oil Field has been documented. Two separate instances of streamflow contamination at Striker Creek and Henderson Oil Field have been documented.
\nModerate amounts of ground water are available for development. The amount that is available perennially is not known, but it is greater than that being withdrawn. Assuming a hydraulic gradient of about 8 feet per mile (1.5 meters per kilometer), at least 12 million gallons per day (45,420 cubic meters per day) of fresh ground water is being transmitted through the Wilcox and about 3 million gallons per day (11,350 cubic meters per day) through the Carrizo. About 20 million acre-feet (24,660 cubic hectometers) of freshwater is available from storage in the Wilcox and about 4 million acre-feet (4,930 cubic hectometers) from storage in the Carrizo. Additional amounts of slightly saline water are available from the major aquifers. Smaller but undetermined amounts of fresh ground water are available from the Sparta and Queen City aquifers and from the Reklaw Formation. Properly constructed wells in the Wilcox and Carrizo aquifers can be expected to yield more than 500 gallons per minute (32 liters per second) if the wells are properly spaced. Development of additional resources around the city of Henderson and the Mount Enterprise Fault System should be considered cautiously because of the probability of saltwater encroachment. Ground water in other parts of the county is practically undeveloped.
\nSome mineralization of ground water is due to natural causes. Other mineralization of ground water is due to contamination. A program needs to be initiated to determine the extent and cause of mineralization that has taken place in freshwater sands. Water-quality data is needed at Henderson in order to monitor saltwater encroachment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr83757","usgsCitation":"Sandeen, W., 1984, Ground-water resources of Rusk County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-757, Report: ix, 118 p.; 10 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83757.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 118 p.; 10 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":20985,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20976,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20983,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20984,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":20982,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20977,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20978,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20979,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20980,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20981,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38746,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0757/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Rusk County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.5736,32.396],[-94.5647,32.4002],[-94.5606,32.4041],[-94.5571,32.4066],[-94.5517,32.4068],[-94.5507,32.4059],[-94.5503,32.4036],[-94.5439,32.4014],[-94.5402,32.3999],[-94.5368,32.4016],[-94.5329,32.4032],[-94.5285,32.4034],[-94.5275,32.4025],[-94.5282,32.3998],[-94.529,32.3971],[-94.5286,32.3952],[-94.526,32.3933],[-94.5247,32.3955],[-94.522,32.3958],[-94.521,32.394],[-94.5212,32.3912],[-94.5182,32.3879],[-94.5137,32.3895],[-94.5104,32.3898],[-94.5067,32.3887],[-94.5055,32.3909],[-94.5064,32.3928],[-94.5063,32.3951],[-94.5061,32.3973],[-94.5017,32.3976],[-94.4921,32.3957],[-94.4821,32.3907],[-94.49,32.3783],[-94.4924,32.3757],[-94.4935,32.3593],[-94.5266,32.2892],[-94.5264,32.2837],[-94.5322,32.2703],[-94.5548,32.25],[-94.56,32.2374],[-94.5697,32.2224],[-94.5789,32.2064],[-94.5817,32.1568],[-94.59,32.1311],[-94.588,32.1206],[-94.5933,32.1067],[-94.602,32.081],[-94.6023,32.0687],[-94.5975,31.9717],[-94.5125,31.9731],[-94.5115,31.9246],[-94.5059,31.9188],[-94.4998,31.914],[-94.4921,31.9081],[-94.4865,31.9028],[-94.4831,31.8967],[-94.4813,31.8925],[-94.4784,31.8869],[-94.476,31.8831],[-94.4714,31.8788],[-94.4675,31.8731],[-94.4646,31.8675],[-94.4648,31.8647],[-94.4655,31.8625],[-94.4669,31.858],[-94.4644,31.8547],[-94.4587,31.8516],[-94.4537,31.8459],[-94.938,31.8464],[-94.9861,31.8463],[-94.9852,32.1376],[-94.9873,32.3713],[-94.6595,32.3723],[-94.6558,32.3712],[-94.6541,32.3711],[-94.6482,32.3704],[-94.6384,32.3704],[-94.6299,32.3681],[-94.6208,32.3654],[-94.6138,32.3651],[-94.6053,32.3624],[-94.5997,32.364],[-94.5937,32.3641],[-94.5915,32.3654],[-94.5736,32.396]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rusk\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandeen, W.M.","contributorId":102488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandeen","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1971,"text":"wsp2252 - 1984 - Use of the routing procedure to study dye and gas transport in the West Fork Trinity River, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp2252","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2252","title":"Use of the routing procedure to study dye and gas transport in the West Fork Trinity River, Texas","docAbstract":"Rhodamine-WT dye, ethylene, and propane were injected at three sites along a 21.6-kilometer reach of the West Fork Trinity River below Fort Worth, Texas. Complete dye concentration versus time curves and peak gas concentrations were measured at three cross sections below each injection. The peak dye concentrations were located and samples were collected at about three-hour intervals for as many as six additional cross sections. These data were analyzed to determine the longitudinal dispersion coefficients as well as the gas desorption coefficients using both standard techniques and a numerical routing procedure. \r\n\r\nThe routing procedure, using a Lagrangian transport model to minimize numerical dispersion, provided better estimates of the dispersion coefficient than did the method of moments. At a steady flow of about 0.76 m2/s, the dispersion coefficient varied from about 0.7 m2/s in a reach contained within a single deep pool to about 2.0 m2/s in a reach containing riffles and small pools. \r\n\r\nThe bulk desorption coefficients computed using the routing procedure and the standard peak method were essentially the same. The liquid film coefficient could also be obtained using the routing procedure. Both the bulk desorption coefficient and the liquid film coefficient were much smaller in the pooled reach than in the reaches containing riffles.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2252","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., and Rathbun, R.E., 1984, Use of the routing procedure to study dye and gas transport in the West Fork Trinity River, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2252, iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2252.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27347,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2252/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa28e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20038,"text":"ofr83875 - 1984 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20038,"text":"ofr83875 - 1984 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"ofr83875","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4705,"text":"twri06A1 - 1988 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A1","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4705,"text":"twri06A1 - 1988 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A1","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr83875","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-875","title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"This report presents a finite-difference model and its associated modular computer program. The model simulates flow in three dimensions. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based and an explanation of how those concepts were incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program. The modular structure consists of a Main Program and a series of highly independent subroutines called 'modules.' The modules are grouped into 'packages.' Each package deals with a specific feature of the hydrologic system which is to be simulated, such as flow from rivers or flow into drains, or with a specific method of solving linear equations which describe the flow system, such as the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe division of the program into modules permits the user to examine specific hydrologic features of the model independently. This also facilitates development of additional capabilities because new modules or packages can be added to the program without modifying the existing modules or packages. The input and output systems of the computer program are also designed to permit maximum flexibility. \r\n\r\nGround-water flow within the aquifer is simulated using a block-centered finite-difference approach. Layers can be simulated as confined, unconfined, or a combination of confined and unconfined. Flow from external stresses, such as flow to wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, flow to drains, and flow through riverbeds, can also be simulated. The finite-difference equations can be solved using either the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe program is written in FORTRAN '66 and will run without modification on most computers which have a FORTRAN '66 compiler. It will also run, without modification, with most extended FORTRAN '77 compilers and with minor modifications on standard FORTRAN '77 compilers. Documentation presented in this report includes a narrative description, a flow chart, a list of variables, and a program listing for each module.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83875","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M., and Harbaugh, A., 1984, A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-875, vi, 528 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83875.","productDescription":"vi, 528 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0875/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0875/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, M.G.","contributorId":37716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, A.W.","contributorId":15208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10163,"text":"ofr84733 - 1984 - Velocity profile, water-surface slope, and bed-material size for selected streams in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr84733","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-733","title":"Velocity profile, water-surface slope, and bed-material size for selected streams in Colorado","docAbstract":"Existing methods for determining the mean velocity in a vertical sampling section do not address the conditions present in high-gradient, shallow-depth streams common to mountainous regions such as Colorado. The report presents velocity-profile data that were collected for 11 streamflow-gaging stations in Colorado using both a standard Price type AA current meter and a prototype Price Model PAA current meter. Computational results are compiled that will enable mean velocities calculated from measurements by the two current meters to be compared with each other and with existing methods for determining mean velocity. Water-surface slope, bed-material size, and flow-characteristic data for the 11 sites studied also are presented. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84733","usgsCitation":"Marchand, J., Jarrett, R., and Jones, L., 1984, Velocity profile, water-surface slope, and bed-material size for selected streams in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-733, iv, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84733.","productDescription":"iv, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0733/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38016,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0733/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6022e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marchand, J.P.","contributorId":75152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchand","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, L.L.","contributorId":83930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4085,"text":"cir888 - 1984 - Phosphate rock resources of the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8240,"text":"ofr81789 - 1981 - A summary of phosphate-rock resources of the United States-an analysis of past estimates","indexId":"ofr81789","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"A summary of phosphate-rock resources of the United States-an analysis of past estimates"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4085,"text":"cir888 - 1984 - Phosphate rock resources of the United States","indexId":"cir888","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Phosphate rock resources of the United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir888","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"888","title":"Phosphate rock resources of the United States","docAbstract":"In 1980, the United States produced about 54 million tons of phosphate rock, or about 40 percent of the world's production, of which a substantial amount was exported, both as phosphate rock and as chemical fertilizer. During the last decade, predictions have been made that easily ruinable, low-cost reserves of phosphate rock would be exhausted, and that by the end of this century, instead of being a major exporter of phosphate rock, the United States might become a net importer. Most analysts today, however, think that exports will indeed decline in the next one or two decades, but that resources of phosphate are sufficient to supply domestic needs for a long time into the future. \r\n\r\nWhat will happen in the future depends on the actual availability of low-cost phosphate rock reserves in the United States and in the world. A realistic understanding of future phosphate rock reserves is dependent on an accurate assessment, now, of national phosphate rock resources. Many different estimates of resources exist; none of them alike. The detailed analysis of past resource estimates presented in this report indicates that the estimates differ more in what is being estimated than in how much is thought to exist. \r\n\r\nThe phosphate rock resource classification used herein is based on the two fundamental aspects of a mineral resource(l) the degree of certainty of existence and (2) the feasibility of economic recovery. The comparison of past estimates (including all available company data), combined with the writers' personal knowledge, indicates that 17 billion metric tons of identified, recoverable phosphate rock exist in the United States, of which about 7 billion metric tons are thought to be economic or marginally economic. The remaining 10 billion metric tons, mostly in the Northwestern phosphate district of Idaho, are considered to be subeconomic, ruinable when some increase in the price of phosphate occurs. \r\n\r\nMore than 16 billion metric tons probably exist in the southeastern Coastal Plain phosphate province, principally in Florida and North Carolina and offshore in the shallow Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina to southern Florida. This resource is considered to be hypothetical because it is based on geologic inference combined with sparse drilling data. Total resources of phosphate rock in the United States are sufficient to supply domestic demands for the foreseeable future, provided that drilling is done to confirm hypothetical resources and the chemistry of the deposits is determined. Mining and beneficiation techniques will have to be modified or improved, and new techniques will have to be developed so that these deposits can be profitably exploited.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir888","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, J.B., Sheldon, R.P., and Gulbrandsen, R.A., 1984, Phosphate rock resources of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 888, iv, 48 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir888.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0888/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0888/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, James Bachelder","contributorId":19540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Bachelder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheldon, Richard Porter","contributorId":59018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Porter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gulbrandsen, Robert A.","contributorId":83083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulbrandsen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25426,"text":"wri844127 - 1984 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in northeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"wri844127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4127","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in northeastern California","docAbstract":"Results are documented of a study of the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in northeastern California. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 127 continuous stream gages currently being operated in the study area. One stream gage was found to have insufficient data use to warrant cooperative Federal funding. Flow-routing and multiple-regression models were used to simulate flows at selected gaging stations. The models may be sufficiently accurate to replace two of the stations. The average standard error of estimate of streamflow records is 12.9 percent. This overall level of accuracy could be reduced to 12.0 percent using computer-recommended service routes and visit frequencies. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844127","usgsCitation":"Hoffard, S., Pearce, V., Tasker, G.D., and Doyle, W., 1984, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in northeastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4127, vi, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844127.","productDescription":"vi, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4127/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54143,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4127/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54144,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffard, S.H.","contributorId":13269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffard","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, V.F.","contributorId":79506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"V.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, W.H.","contributorId":9685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2539,"text":"wsp2208 - 1984 - Streamflow augmentation at Fosters Brook, Long Island, New York — A hydraulic feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T20:41:00.979324","indexId":"wsp2208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2208","title":"Streamflow augmentation at Fosters Brook, Long Island, New York — A hydraulic feasibility study","docAbstract":"A 27-day streamflow augmentation test was conducted in December 1979 at Fosters Brook, near the south shore of Long Island, to investigate the hydraulic feasibility of pumping ground water to supply flow to an ephemeral stream during dry periods. \r\n\r\nMeasurements of soil moisture in the unsaturated zone beneath the streambed indicate that infiltration rate and soil-moisture content are interrelated. Initial infiltration was measured with a neutron logger; the wetting front traversed the unsaturated zone at an average of 11.2 inches per hour and reached the water table in 5.5 hours. Soil moisture in the unsaturated zone ranged from 20 percent at the start of the test to nearly 41 percent, nearly the saturation point, 20 days later. \r\n\r\nStream discharge was measured at four sites along the stream channel, and the augmentation rate was monitored continuously at the starting point. Infiltration rates increased steadily in all reaches during the first 12 days of the test, but from the 12th to the 20th day, when discharge was increased by 50 percent, infiltration rates decreased along the two upstream reaches but continued to increase along the three downstream reaches. Infiltration rates remained constant from days 20 through 26. \r\n\r\nDuring the first 24 hours of the test, the stream reached a maximum length of 2,050 feet, but after 13 days, it had shortened to 1,300 feet as a result of seepage losses. The relationship between discharge and stream length was linear within the range of discharge investigated (0.54-1.63 cubic feet per second). \r\n\r\nGround-water levels rose in response to flow augmentation and reached a maximum rise of about 6.5 feet in a well situated 14 feet from the center of the streambed and 225 feet downstream from the start of the flow. Measured water-level response was compared to levels predicted by a one-dimensional analytical model and a three-dimensional mathematical model; results indicate that ground-water response is determined principally by streambed characteristics and soil-moisture content in the unsaturated zone. \r\n\r\nVariations in water temperature and in streambed composition had significant effects upon infiltration rates. Changes in water temperature, amount of vegetation, soil-moisture content, and stream stage, combined with local variations in streambed permeability and aquifer conductivity, make accurate prediction of seepage rates virtually impossible at present. Data from this study suggest that site-specific investigations are necessary wherever streamflow augmentation is planned.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2208","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., 1984, Streamflow augmentation at Fosters Brook, Long Island, New York — A hydraulic feasibility study: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2208, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2208.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28780,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":392882,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25440.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fosters Brook, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.676,\n 40.69\n ],\n [\n -73.664,\n 40.69\n ],\n [\n -73.664,\n 40.701\n ],\n [\n -73.676,\n 40.701\n ],\n [\n -73.676,\n 40.69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":145370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9672,"text":"ofr84612 - 1984 - Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9672,"text":"ofr84612 - 1984 - Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr84612","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":57994,"text":"pp1369 - 1986 - Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado","indexId":"pp1369","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":57994,"text":"pp1369 - 1986 - Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado","indexId":"pp1369","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-12T20:58:33.037696","indexId":"ofr84612","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-612","title":"Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado","docAbstract":"On July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam, a 26-foot-high earthfill irrigation dam built in 1903 in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, failed, due to piping, releasing 674 acre-feet of water with a peak discharge of 18,000 cubic feet per second down the Roaring River. Three people were killed, and damages were estimated at $31 million. Cascade Lake Dam, downstream from Lawn Lake Dam, subsequently failed as a result of the flood, increasing the peak flow at this point from 7,210 cubic feet per second to 16,000 cubic feet per second. The flood wave took 3.28 hours to travel 12.5 miles to Lake Estes, where all the floodwater was stored. The channel of the Roaring River was scoured as much as 50 feet and widened 300 feet. An alluvial fan of 42.3 acres, containing 10 million cubic feet of material, was deposited at the mouth of the Roaring River, damming the Fall River and forming a 17-acre lake. Various methods were used to indirectly compute peak discharge, attenuation of flow, and flood traveltime. A version of the National Weather Service dam-break flood model was used to evaluate its performance on high-gradient streams, to provide supplemental hydrologic information, and to evaluate various scenarios of dam-break development. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84612","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R., and Costa, J.E., 1984, Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-612, Report: viii, 117 p.; 2 Plates: 36.93 x 36.45 inches and 33.19 x 24.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84612.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 117 p.; 2 Plates: 36.93 x 36.45 inches and 33.19 x 24.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375604,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0612/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375603,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0612/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0612/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0612/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Larimer County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.2763,40.9998],[-105.1109,40.9993],[-104.9425,40.9995],[-104.9419,40.9559],[-104.9426,40.8702],[-104.9426,40.7831],[-104.9439,40.696],[-104.9434,40.6098],[-104.9441,40.5227],[-104.9442,40.4338],[-104.9443,40.3486],[-105.0565,40.3481],[-105.0558,40.2606],[-105.1685,40.2614],[-105.2823,40.263],[-105.339,40.2624],[-105.3848,40.2621],[-105.392,40.2608],[-105.4047,40.2582],[-105.5047,40.26],[-105.5222,40.2605],[-105.5403,40.2605],[-105.5559,40.2611],[-105.5704,40.2611],[-105.6198,40.2599],[-105.6553,40.2587],[-105.6577,40.2614],[-105.6601,40.2641],[-105.6637,40.2655],[-105.6674,40.2659],[-105.6716,40.2664],[-105.6746,40.2669],[-105.6788,40.2696],[-105.6794,40.2719],[-105.68,40.2759],[-105.6806,40.2782],[-105.6848,40.2837],[-105.6854,40.2859],[-105.6853,40.2878],[-105.6847,40.2896],[-105.6847,40.2914],[-105.6865,40.2927],[-105.6877,40.2946],[-105.6877,40.2973],[-105.6883,40.3],[-105.6895,40.3018],[-105.6907,40.3036],[-105.6907,40.3059],[-105.6925,40.3077],[-105.6949,40.3091],[-105.6979,40.3109],[-105.7003,40.3136],[-105.7003,40.3159],[-105.6997,40.32],[-105.7003,40.3218],[-105.7057,40.3259],[-105.7117,40.3295],[-105.7165,40.3309],[-105.7243,40.3336],[-105.7298,40.3359],[-105.7316,40.3391],[-105.7321,40.3427],[-105.7339,40.345],[-105.737,40.3464],[-105.7442,40.3473],[-105.7496,40.3487],[-105.7556,40.3527],[-105.7641,40.3591],[-105.7689,40.3646],[-105.7797,40.3732],[-105.7845,40.3805],[-105.7869,40.3855],[-105.7911,40.3968],[-105.7953,40.4036],[-105.8037,40.4145],[-105.811,40.4227],[-105.8128,40.4263],[-105.8133,40.4295],[-105.8115,40.4358],[-105.8097,40.439],[-105.8042,40.4485],[-105.8024,40.454],[-105.8018,40.4585],[-105.8024,40.463],[-105.8036,40.4653],[-105.8066,40.4671],[-105.8126,40.4694],[-105.8175,40.4708],[-105.8199,40.4735],[-105.8229,40.4758],[-105.8241,40.4767],[-105.8289,40.4789],[-105.835,40.4808],[-105.8513,40.4849],[-105.8519,40.4921],[-105.8513,40.4989],[-105.8518,40.5044],[-105.8543,40.5071],[-105.8591,40.5121],[-105.8675,40.5166],[-105.8766,40.5212],[-105.8814,40.5216],[-105.8905,40.5216],[-105.8984,40.5216],[-105.9068,40.5217],[-105.9087,40.523],[-105.9087,40.5244],[-105.9056,40.5303],[-105.905,40.5353],[-105.905,40.5393],[-105.9056,40.5443],[-105.908,40.5493],[-105.9092,40.5552],[-105.9086,40.5606],[-105.9098,40.5638],[-105.9146,40.5702],[-105.9231,40.5779],[-105.9237,40.5802],[-105.9249,40.5942],[-105.9261,40.6015],[-105.9291,40.606],[-105.9412,40.611],[-105.9437,40.6137],[-105.9467,40.6187],[-105.9479,40.6255],[-105.9473,40.6351],[-105.9479,40.64],[-105.9527,40.6464],[-105.9545,40.65],[-105.9563,40.6577],[-105.9582,40.6605],[-105.963,40.6659],[-105.966,40.6704],[-105.9703,40.6791],[-105.9727,40.6854],[-105.9739,40.6945],[-105.9751,40.6972],[-105.9806,40.7022],[-105.9842,40.7049],[-105.9891,40.7081],[-105.9909,40.7113],[-105.9915,40.714],[-105.9909,40.719],[-105.9909,40.7226],[-105.9927,40.7267],[-106.0006,40.7335],[-106.0127,40.7439],[-106.0176,40.7507],[-106.0212,40.7553],[-106.023,40.7598],[-106.0236,40.7648],[-106.0261,40.7729],[-106.0297,40.7784],[-106.0364,40.7825],[-106.0418,40.787],[-106.0437,40.792],[-106.0449,40.7988],[-106.0467,40.8029],[-106.0503,40.8051],[-106.054,40.8115],[-106.057,40.8151],[-106.0625,40.8179],[-106.0795,40.8274],[-106.0838,40.8296],[-106.0868,40.8337],[-106.0905,40.8382],[-106.0953,40.8405],[-106.0965,40.8423],[-106.0978,40.8473],[-106.0996,40.8491],[-106.102,40.8505],[-106.1032,40.8523],[-106.1039,40.8568],[-106.1057,40.8605],[-106.1112,40.8641],[-106.1239,40.8709],[-106.1276,40.8713],[-106.1294,40.8727],[-106.1294,40.875],[-106.1276,40.8795],[-106.1258,40.8849],[-106.127,40.8899],[-106.1319,40.8967],[-106.1361,40.9013],[-106.1404,40.9035],[-106.1477,40.9062],[-106.1526,40.9085],[-106.1593,40.9148],[-106.1641,40.9176],[-106.1733,40.9257],[-106.1794,40.9311],[-106.1843,40.937],[-106.1861,40.9411],[-106.1867,40.9434],[-106.1867,40.9457],[-106.1831,40.9493],[-106.1825,40.9515],[-106.1831,40.9611],[-106.185,40.9697],[-106.188,40.9747],[-106.1905,40.9842],[-106.1923,40.9928],[-106.196,40.9989],[-106.087,40.998],[-106.0681,40.9978],[-106.0603,40.9978],[-106.0286,40.9977],[-106.0238,40.9977],[-105.9964,40.9985],[-105.972,40.9992],[-105.9385,40.9999],[-105.9263,41],[-105.9001,40.9999],[-105.8806,40.9997],[-105.698,40.9998],[-105.69,40.9998],[-105.6712,40.9998],[-105.5207,40.9997],[-105.477,40.9995],[-105.3551,40.9993],[-105.2895,40.9992],[-105.2763,40.9998]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Larimer\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2583,"text":"wsp2198 - 1984 - A Galerkin finite-element flow model to predict the transient response of a radially symmetric aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp2198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2198","title":"A Galerkin finite-element flow model to predict the transient response of a radially symmetric aquifer","docAbstract":"A computer program developed to evaluate radial flow of ground water, such as at a pumping well, recharge basin, or injection well, is capable of simulating anisotropic, inhomogenous, confined, or pseudo-unconfined (constant saturated thickness) conditions. Results compare well with those calculated from published analytical and model solutions. The program is based on the Galerkin finite-element technique. A sample model run is presented to illustrate the use of the program; supplementary material provides the program listing as well as a sample problem data set and output. From the text and other material presented, one can use the program to predict drawdowns from pumping and ground-water buildups from recharge in a radially symmetric ground-water system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2198","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., 1984, A Galerkin finite-element flow model to predict the transient response of a radially symmetric aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2198, iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2198.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4956e4b0b290850ef11f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15220,"text":"ofr84248 - 1984 - Stream-channel response to the January 3-5, 1982 storm in the Santa Cruz Mountains, west central California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15220,"text":"ofr84248 - 1984 - Stream-channel response to the January 3-5, 1982 storm in the Santa Cruz Mountains, west central California","indexId":"ofr84248","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Stream-channel response to the January 3-5, 1982 storm in the Santa Cruz Mountains, west central California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38465,"text":"pp1434 - 1988 - Landslides, Floods, and Marine Effects of the Storm of January 3-5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay Region, California","indexId":"pp1434","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides, Floods, and Marine Effects of the Storm of January 3-5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay Region, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38465,"text":"pp1434 - 1988 - Landslides, Floods, and Marine Effects of the Storm of January 3-5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay Region, California","indexId":"pp1434","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides, Floods, and Marine Effects of the Storm of January 3-5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay Region, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T10:15:04","indexId":"ofr84248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-248","title":"Stream-channel response to the January 3-5, 1982 storm in the Santa Cruz Mountains, west central California","docAbstract":"Intense rainfall on January 3-5, 1982 in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California caused high streamflow and widespread landsliding. Generalized channel response in the studied basins included scour in steep, low-order channels and moderate fill in higher order channels. Large volumes of channel fill were noted along some channels but this was limited to reaches that received large volumes of colluvium from debris flows and streamside debris slides. The local nature of these effects on channel geometry contrasts with widespread depositional effects observed following major storms in steep terrain in other parts of California. The morphology of most intermediate and high-order channels in the study area appear to have been formed at least as much by events with moderated recurrence intervals as by extreme events. Along low-order channels that were scoured and along isolated reaches of some intermediate and high-order channels where fill was severe, however, storm effects will probably persist for long periods of time. Since the localized effects of high magnitude storms can persist longer than the recurrence interval of the storms themselves, channel morphology throughout the area probably reflects the effects of a number of storms. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84248","usgsCitation":"Nolan, K., Marron, D., and Collins, L., 1984, Stream-channel response to the January 3-5, 1982 storm in the Santa Cruz Mountains, west central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-248, v, 48 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84248.","productDescription":"v, 48 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":367075,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.84764862060547,\n 37.14485597028237\n ],\n [\n -121.83318614959717,\n 37.14485597028237\n ],\n [\n -121.83318614959717,\n 37.15463891471686\n ],\n [\n -121.84764862060547,\n 37.15463891471686\n ],\n [\n -121.84764862060547,\n 37.14485597028237\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5055","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, K.M.","contributorId":36151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marron, D. C.","contributorId":16031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marron","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, L.M.","contributorId":48193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13537,"text":"ofr85512 - 1984 - Analytical results, geology, and sample locality map of mercury-sulfur-gypsum mineralization at Crater, Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T13:54:45","indexId":"ofr85512","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-512","title":"Analytical results, geology, and sample locality map of mercury-sulfur-gypsum mineralization at Crater, Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"The Crater mercury-su l fur-gypsum ~ineral ized area is located in east-central California along the crest of the Last Chance Range, west of the north end of Death Valley (fig. 1). The area is in the northwest quarter of the Last Chance Range 15-minute quadrangle and occupies the area between 117 39 and 117 45 longitude and 37 10 and 37 15 latitudP.. The area studied lies between 5000 ( 1525 m) and 6000 ( 1830 m) feet above sea level. Relief isgenerally moderate but can be extreme in some places, as at Hanging Rock Canyon (plate 1). The climate is arid, and there are no active streams in the area. The range fronts east and west of the area are precipitous and incised by many steep canyons, whereas the range crest has relatively low relief. The old abandoned town and mine site of Crater 1 ie in this area of low relief. Access to the Crater area is by paved and dirt roads from Big Pine to the west or from the north end of the Death Valley National Monument to the southeast.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85512","usgsCitation":"Erickson, M.S., Marsh, S., and Roemer, T.A., 1984, Analytical results, geology, and sample locality map of mercury-sulfur-gypsum mineralization at Crater, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-512, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85512.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr85512.jpg"},{"id":42021,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0512/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":314977,"rank":401,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0512/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Inyo 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M. S.","contributorId":35302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, S.P.","contributorId":32913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roemer, T. A.","contributorId":72784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3480,"text":"cir917 - 1984 - Comparison of computer-based and manual coal resource estimation methods for the Cache coal bed, Recluse Geologic Model Area, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir917","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"917","title":"Comparison of computer-based and manual coal resource estimation methods for the Cache coal bed, Recluse Geologic Model Area, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Coal resources have been estimated, using both manual and computer methods, for the Cache coal bed in the Recluse Geologic Model Area, which covers the White Tail Butte, Pitch Draw, Recluse, and Homestead Draw SW 7?-minute quadrangles in Campbell County, Wyoming. Approximately 300 coal thickness measurements from drill-hole logs are distributed throughout the area The Cache coal bed and associated strata are in the Paleocene Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation. The depth to the Cache coal bed ranges from 269 to 1,257 feet. The coal bed is as much as 31 feet thick but is absent in places. Comparisons between hand-drawn and computer-generated isopach maps show minimal differences. Total coal resources estimated by hand show the bed to contain 2,228 million short tons or about 2.6 percent more than the computer-calculated figure of 2,169 million short tons.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir917","usgsCitation":"Schneider, G.B., Crowley, S.S., and Carey, M.A., 1984, Comparison of computer-based and manual coal resource estimation methods for the Cache coal bed, Recluse Geologic Model Area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 917, iii, 48 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir917.","productDescription":"iii, 48 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0917/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0917/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Gary B.","contributorId":64253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, Sharon S.","contributorId":78325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carey, Mary Alice","contributorId":80646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Alice","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20655,"text":"ofr84242 - 1984 - Effects of urbanization on the magnitude and frequency of floods on small streams in Tennessee; basic data report No. 3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr84242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-242","title":"Effects of urbanization on the magnitude and frequency of floods on small streams in Tennessee; basic data report No. 3","docAbstract":"Rainfall and discharge data collected at 21 urban hydrology sites in Tennessee from July 1977 to September 1983 are summarized. These rainfall-runoff data will be used to calibrate a U.S. Geological Survey Rainfall-Runoff Model. The results of the model calibrations will then be used to develop reliable methods for determining the magnitude and frequency of floods on small streams in Tennessee where urbanization is a factor. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84242","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.H., 1984, Effects of urbanization on the magnitude and frequency of floods on small streams in Tennessee; basic data report No. 3: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-242, iii, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84242.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr84-242","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fdfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C. H.","contributorId":54210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4116,"text":"cir905 - 1984 - Vertical crustal movements in Southern California, 1974 to 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir905","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"905","title":"Vertical crustal movements in Southern California, 1974 to 1978","docAbstract":"An extensive resurvey of most of the first-order leveling network in southern California, known as the Southern California Releveling Program (SCRP), was carried out during the first 5 months of 1978. The primary scientific purpose of these measurements was to rapidly update the vertical control record throughout a recently uplifted region of southern California in order to more thoroughly document the vertical component of tectonic movement and to provide a reliable base for comparison with future levelings. Analyses of historic first-order leveling results have clearly demonstrated that a broad crustal upwarping, largely contained within a region consisting of the Transverse Ranges province and an area along the intervening section of the San Andreas fault system, had developed between about 1959 and 1974. Unfortunately, there is strong evidence that parts of the 1978 SCRP data are contaminated by the effects of intrasurvey tectonic deformation, limited surficial failures, and, less certainly, magnetically induced systematic error associated with the use of automatic levels. However, any distortions in leveling results caused by these or other factors are not so serious as to render the SCRP data useless. In fact, the bulk of these data can be accepted at face value, and most of the remaining data can be incorporated with some caution to augment the more reliable parts of the network. The evaluation of the 1978 leveling is based on a combination of circuit-misclosures, local timing of the field observations, analysis of profiles of apparent height changes derived from comparisons with previous levelings, and an analysis of the position and orientation of the various routes in relation to the regional structural grain and the gradients of differential vertical motion established by previous investigations. Comparisons of the 1978 SCRP results with the latest of the previous surveys along each route retained in the analysis show that all but about one-third of the uplift established by leveling data from 1959 to the combined 1974/76 survey period had relaxed by early 1978 through tectonic subsidence. Subsequent limited relevelings along several of the 1978 routes show that rapid tectonic subsidence probably continued through at least early 1979. Despite the pronounced down-to-the-northeast (northeastward) tilt that developed between 1976 and early 1978, the overall shape of the uplift was well preserved. Results of repeated trilateration surveys since 1971 demonstrate that a remarkably uniform and nearly monotonic negative dilatational strain-change trend reversed abruptly between 1977 and 1979. The change from tectonic up to tectonic subsidence is associated with this reversal in horizontal strain accumulation. The reversal in strain trend was expressed as a cessation of the essentially uniaxial north-south contraction, which had been accumulating at about 2? 10 -7/yr (or 0.2 ?strain/yr), accompanied by onset of uniaxial east-west \r\nextension at about 5 ? 10 -7/yr (or 0.5 ?strain/yr). Minor earthquakes and occasional swarms of moderate earthquakes were particularly abundant during 1978 and 1979 in conspicuously mobile regions such as the eastern Transverse Ranges and the Salton Trough, areas respectively characterized by nearly complete collapse of the previous maximum uplift and by a dramatic enhancement of the previously identified tectonic subsidence.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir905","usgsCitation":"Burford, R.O., and Gilmore, T.D., 1984, Vertical crustal movements in Southern California, 1974 to 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 905, iii, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir905.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0905/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31217,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0905/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6020dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmore, Thomas D.","contributorId":64235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13663,"text":"ofr84458 - 1984 - Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems; an introduction","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13663,"text":"ofr84458 - 1984 - Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems; an introduction","indexId":"ofr84458","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems; an introduction"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4681,"text":"twri03B5 - 1987 - Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction","indexId":"twri03B5","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4681,"text":"twri03B5 - 1987 - Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction","indexId":"twri03B5","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr84458","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-458","title":"Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems; an introduction","docAbstract":"Accurate definition of boundary and initial conditions is an essential part of conceptualizing and modeling ground-water flow systems. This report explains the properties of the seven most common boundary conditions encountered in ground-water systems and discusses major aspects of their application. It also discusses the significance and specification of initial conditions and evaluates some common errors in applying this concept to ground-water system models. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84458","usgsCitation":"Franke, O., Reilly, T.E., and Bennett, G., 1984, Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems; an introduction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-458, iv, 26 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84458.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112973,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0458/report.pdf","size":"2145","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0458/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6724a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franke, O.L.","contributorId":57082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, G.D.","contributorId":81073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":8741,"text":"ofr84245 - 1984 - Ground-water resources of Audrain County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr84245","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-245","title":"Ground-water resources of Audrain County, Missouri","docAbstract":"The deep (principal) aquifer in Audrain County has an average thickness of about 1,300 feet and is composed of dolomite and minor quantities of sandstone of Cambrian and Ordovician age. The deep aquifer is the source of water for all public-supply and irrigation wells in Audrain County. Pumpage from the deep aquifer has caused a decrease in hydraulic head of more than 200 feet since 1900 in the vicinity of the city of Mexico. Calculations from a two-dimensional digital model of the deep aquifer indicate that the drawdown would increase 10 to 25 feet from May 1979 levels in Audrain County by May 2000 in the absence of irrigation pumpage and if public-supply wells continue to pump at the 1980 rate. If the additional stress due to seasonal irrigation is continued at 1980 pumping rates, 60 +/- 20 feet of drawdown is predicted by May 2000. Audrain County is the northernmost extent of freshwater in this aquifer in Missouri. In Audrain County the dissolved-solids concentration of water from this aquifer varies from 1,200 milligrams per liter in the north to less than 400 milligrams per liter in the south. Lowered water levels in the aquifer may allow water with a larger dissolved-solids concentration to move into the area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84245","usgsCitation":"Emmett, L.F., and Imes, J., 1984, Ground-water resources of Audrain County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-245, vi, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84245.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0245/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36318,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666f89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmett, L. F.","contributorId":43332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}